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Cai M, Liang W, Wang K, Yin D, Fu T, Zhu R, Qu C, Dong X, Ni J, Yin X. Aperture Modulation of Isoreticular Metal Organic Frameworks for Targeted Antitumor Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36366-36378. [PMID: 35897121 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of different pore diameters in metal organic frameworks (MOFs) could adjust their drug delivery performance. MOFs with customized structures have potential application value in targeted drug delivery. However, no research on this topic has been found so far. In this report, isoreticular metal organic frameworks (IRMOFs) have been taken as a typical case of tailor-made MOFs, the pore size of which is enlarged (average BJH pore sizes of about 2.43, 3.06, 5.47, and 6.50 nm were determined for IRMOF-1, IRMOF-8, IRMOF-10, and IRMOF-16, respectively), emphasizing the relationship between pore size and model drugs (Oridonin, ORI) and clarifying its potential working mechanism. IRMOF-1, whose pore size matches the size of ORI, has an outstanding drug loading capacity (57.93% by wt) and release profile (about 90% in 24 h at pH 7.4). IRMOF-1 was further coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified with a cell penetrating peptide (CPP44) bound to M160 (CD163L1) protein for targeting of hepatic tumor lines. This nanoplatform (CPP44-PEG@ORI@IRMOF-1) exhibited acid-responsive drug release behavior (37.86% in 10 h at pH 7.4 and 66.66% in 10 h at pH 5.5) and significantly enhanced antitumor effects. The results of cell targeting and in vivo animal imaging indicated that CPP44-PEG@ORI@IRMOF-1 may serve as a tumor-selective drug delivery nanoplatform. Toxicity assessment confirmed that PEGylated IRMOF-1 did not cause organ or systemic toxicity. Furthermore, it is encouraging that the IRMOF-based targeted drug delivery system with pore size modulation showed rapid clearance (most administered NPs are metabolized from urine and feces within 1 week) and avoided accumulation in the body, indicating their promise for biomedical applications. This MOF-based aperture modulation combined with a targeted modification strategy might find broad applications in cancer theranostics. Thus, it is convenient to customize personalized MOFs according to the size of drug molecules in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Cai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Wulin Liang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Kaixin Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Dongge Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Tingting Fu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Rongyue Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Changhai Qu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaoxv Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jian Ni
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
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Zhang Q, Xu J, Peng J, Liu Z. A targeted self-assembling photosensitizer nanofiber constructed by multicomponent coordination. Biomater Sci 2021; 10:114-123. [PMID: 34796886 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01559a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Employing a peptide-based supramolecular photosensitizer nanofiber that combines the flexibility of a self-assembling short peptide and high spatiotemporal precision is a promising approach in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, we developed a versatile multicomponent and multifunctional coordination self-assembling photosensitizer nanofiber based on the combination of a diphenylalanine (FF) short peptide, cell penetrating peptide 44 (CPP44) and 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl porphine (TPP-NH2), resulting in CPP44-FF-TPP-NH2 nanofibers (CFTNFs). Transmission electron microscopy observations showed the filamentous morphology of CFTNFs. Compared with free TPP-NH2, CFTNFs exhibited a higher cell uptake ability in HepG2 cells and a better tumor targeting ability in in vivo experiments. Furthermore, CFTNFs induced apoptosis and necrosis of more HepG2 cells in vitro and showed higher tumor growth inhibitory activity in vivo. In summary, these results indicated that CFTNFs could lead to greatly enhanced photodynamic treatment efficacy. Moreover, our study provides new opportunities for the development of peptide-based multicomponent coordination self-assembling photosensitizer nanofibers to enhance tumor-specific delivery and the anticancer efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
| | - Jiawei Xu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
| | - Jiayi Peng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
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3
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Wei H, Liu S, Lian R, Huang C, Li Y, Chen L, Zeng Y. Abnormal Expression of Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase in Human Recurrent Miscarriage. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1656-1664. [PMID: 32430712 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), an immunosuppressive enzyme that mediates the conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine, was shown to play a key role in placental development during normal pregnancy. However, little is known about the pattern of IDO expression in the endometrium and its attendant functional significance in pregnancies complicated with recurrent miscarriage (RM). Immunohistochemical studies of IDO, Foxp3, CD56, and CD163 expression were performed in endometrial samples from women with RM and healthy fertile controls. Our study found that IDO was localized in glandular epithelial cells, surface epithelial cells, and a small number of cells within the stromal compartment (including stromal cells and leukocytes) in endometrium. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase expression in the RM group was significantly lower than control group. The Foxp3 and CD56 expression were significantly increased with the elevated IDO expression in controls but not in RM. The percentage of Foxp3 + Tregs was significantly correlated with the level of IDO expression in the control group. Comparatively, no correlation was found between the percentage of CD56 + cells, CD163 + cells, and the level of IDO expression, no matter in controls and RM patients. This study demonstrated that the downregulation of IDO expression and noncoordinated association between IDO and other endometrial immune cells were associated with RM. Our findings provide insights into the contribution of IDO in immune regulation to maintain normal pregnancy, which could be used to develop potential therapeutic methods for RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, No. 1001 Fuqiang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Su Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, No. 1001 Fuqiang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Ruochun Lian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, No. 1001 Fuqiang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Chunyu Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, No. 1001 Fuqiang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Yuye Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, No. 1001 Fuqiang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Lanna Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, No. 1001 Fuqiang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, No. 1001 Fuqiang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518045, China.
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Wei H, Liu S, Lian R, Huang C, Li Y, Chen L, Zeng Y. Abnormal Expression of Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase in Human Recurrent Miscarriage. Reprod Sci 2019:1933719119833788. [PMID: 30832549 DOI: 10.1177/1933719119833788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), an immunosuppressive enzyme that mediates the conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine, was shown to play a key role in placental development during normal pregnancy. However, little is known about the pattern of IDO expression in the endometrium and its attendant functional significance in pregnancies complicated with recurrent miscarriage (RM). Immunohistochemical studies of IDO, Foxp3, CD56, and CD163 expression were performed in endometrial samples from women with RM and healthy fertile controls. Our study found that IDO was localized in glandular epithelial cells, surface epithelial cells, and a small number of cells within the stromal compartment (including stromal cells and leukocytes) in endometrium. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase expression in the RM group was significantly lower than control group. The Foxp3 and CD56 expression were significantly increased with the elevated IDO expression in controls but not in RM. The percentage of Foxp3+ Tregs was significantly correlated with the level of IDO expression in the control group. Comparatively, no correlation was found between the percentage of CD56+ cells, CD163+ cells, and the level of IDO expression, no matter in controls and RM patients. This study demonstrated that the downregulation of IDO expression and noncoordinated association between IDO and other endometrial immune cells were associated with RM. Our findings provide insights into the contribution of IDO in immune regulation to maintain normal pregnancy, which could be used to develop potential therapeutic methods for RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wei
- 1 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Su Liu
- 1 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ruochun Lian
- 1 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunyu Huang
- 1 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuye Li
- 1 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lanna Chen
- 1 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- 1 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Fertility Center, Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Li R, Ma H, Jiang L, Qiao S, Zhi Y, Huang M, Deng R, Zhang G. The CD163 long-range scavenger receptor cysteine-rich repeat: expression, purification and X-ray crystallographic characterization. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2018; 74:322-326. [PMID: 29718001 PMCID: PMC5931146 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x18005551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptors (SRs) play critical roles in various physiological and pathological pathways. One of them, CD163, is a multifunctional endocytic receptor and is characterized by a long-range scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) repeat. However, the structural and functional details of this long-range SRCR repeat have not yet been elucidated. In this study, the CD163 long-range SRCR repeat was expressed in Drosophila Schneider 2 cells. The recombinant protein was homogeneous after purification by metal-affinity, cation-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Single crystals were obtained using 20% PEG 4000, 0.15 M potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate pH 8.5 and diffracted to 3.30 Å resolution. As the first view of a long-range SRCR repeat, this work lays the structural basis for a deep understanding of SRs and their multiple functions.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/chemistry
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Crystallization/methods
- Crystallography, X-Ray/methods
- Cysteine/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Receptors, Cell Surface/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longguang Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xue Yuan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songlin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yubao Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xue Yuan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiguang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, People’s Republic of China
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Common and rare variants associating with serum levels of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10572. [PMID: 26838040 PMCID: PMC4742860 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are widely used markers of tissue damage. To search for sequence variants influencing serum levels of CK and LDH, 28.3 million sequence variants identified through whole-genome sequencing of 2,636 Icelanders were imputed into 63,159 and 98,585 people with CK and LDH measurements, respectively. Here we describe 13 variants associating with serum CK and 16 with LDH levels, including four that associate with both. Among those, 15 are non-synonymous variants and 12 have a minor allele frequency below 5%. We report sequence variants in genes encoding the enzymes being measured (CKM and LDHA), as well as in genes linked to muscular (ANO5) and immune/inflammatory function (CD163/CD163L1, CSF1, CFH, HLA-DQB1, LILRB5, NINJ1 and STAB1). A number of the genes are linked to the mononuclear/phagocyte system and clearance of enzymes from the serum. This highlights the variety in the sources of normal diversity in serum levels of enzymes.
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Morimoto K. [Designs of optimized microbial therapy systems of respiratory infections]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2014; 133:81-92. [PMID: 23292024 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.12-00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several respiratory infections are frequently induced by pathogenic microorganisms in lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and alveolar macrophages (AM). Then, two studies concerning designs of antimicrobial therapy systems of respiratory infections were carried out; one was the distribution mechanisms of three macrolide and ketolide antibiotics, clarithromycin (CAM), azithromycin (AZM) and telithromycin (TEL) in plasma, ELF and AM, and the other was the efficient drug delivery to AM by pulmonary administration of fluoroquinolone antibiotic, a ciprofloxacin (CPFX) incorporated into liposomes (CPFX-liposome). In the first study, the areas under drug concentration-time curves (AUCs) in ELF following oral administration of three macrolide and ketolide antibiotics to rats were significantly higher than AUCs in plasma, furthermore AUCs in AM significantly higher than AUCs in ELF. The high distribution of these antibiotics to the respiratory infection site is due to the transport from blood to ELF via MDR1 in lung epithelial cells as well as the uptake by AM. These antibiotics were taken up by AM via active transport system and the trapping in organelles. In the second study, drug delivery efficacy of CPFX-liposome to AM was particle size-dependent over the 100-1000 nm and then become constant at over 1000 nm by pulmonary aerosolization to rats. This result indicates that the most effective size is 1000 nm. Furthermore, the drug delivery efficacy of mannosylated CPFX-liposome (particle size: 1000 nm) was highly delivered to AM and antibacterial effects were significantly higher than those of unmodified CPFX-liposome. This review provides useful findings for microbial therapy systems of respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Morimoto
- Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy, Otaru, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Hudig D, Hunter KW, Diamond WJ, Redelman D. Properties of human blood monocytes. II. Monocytes from healthy adults are highly heterogeneous within and among individuals. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2013; 86:121-34. [PMID: 24327358 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human blood monocytes are known to include subsets defined by the expression of CD14 and CD16 but otherwise are often assumed to be relatively homogeneous. However, we had observed additional heterogeneity that led us to a more extensive examination of monocytes. METHODS Blood samples from 200 healthy adults without known immunological abnormalities were examined by analysis with a hematology analyzer and by flow cytometry (FCM) to determine leukocyte differential counts, to identify subsets and to measure expression of monocyte-associated molecules. RESULTS The estimated cell counts of monocytes, neutrophils, total lymphocytes, and T cells all varied to a similar extent, that is, ±30-35%. The fractions of monocyte subsets defined by CD14 and CD16 or by CD163 expression also varied among individuals. FCM examinations showed that all the monocyte-associated molecules that were examined varied in expression in this increasing order-CD244, CD4, CD38, CD91, CD11b, toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TIA-1, CD14 (on CD14(Br+) cells), CD86, CD80, HLA-DQ, CD33, and HLA-DR. CONCLUSIONS Human blood monocytes are heterogeneous among healthy adults with respect to cell counts, subsets, and the levels of expression of monocyte-associated molecules. An increase in the "non-classical" (CD14(Lo/Neg) /CD16(+) ) monocyte subset or in the expression of CD11b or TLR2 have known diagnostic/prognostic implications. CD244 and CD4 have well-defined functions on lymphocytes but perform unknown activities on monocytes although their expression appears more narrowly controlled. Together, these data suggest that monocytes should be more extensively examined in both clinical and basic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Hudig
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, 89557
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The hemoglobin (Hb) scavenger receptor, CD163, is a macrophage-specific protein and the upregulated expression of this receptor is one of the major changes in the macrophage switch to alternative activated phenotypes in inflammation. Accordingly, a high CD163 expression in macrophages is a characteristic of tissues responding to inflammation. The scavenging of the oxidative and proinflammatory Hb leading to stimulation of the heme-oxygenase-1 and production of anti-inflammatory heme metabolites indicates that CD163 thereby indirectly contributes to the anti-inflammatory response. RECENT ADVANCES In addition to this biological role in inflammation, CD163 is a potential inflammation biomarker and a therapeutic target. The biomarker form of CD163 is the soluble plasma CD163 that arises from the increased shedding of CD163 mediated by the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) cleaving enzyme. This explains that a steadily increasing literature documents that the plasma level of soluble CD163 is increased in a large spectrum of acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. The nonshed membrane form of CD163 in macrophages constitutes a target for drugs to be directed to macrophages in inflammation. This approach has been used in an animal inflammation model to highly increase the apparent therapeutic index of anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid drug that was coupled to an anti-CD163 antibody. Furthermore, other recent animal data, which indirectly involve CD163 in macrophages, demonstrate that injections of haptoglobin attenuate Hb-induced damages after blood transfusion. CRITICAL ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS The diagnostic and therapeutic properties of CD163 await further clinical studies and regulatory approval before implementation in the clinic.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/chemistry
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Haptoglobins/metabolism
- Hemoglobins/metabolism
- Humans
- Inflammation/diagnosis
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/therapy
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Etzerodt
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Søren K. Moestrup
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Nielsen MJ, Andersen CBF, Moestrup SK. CD163 binding to haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes involves a dual-point electrostatic receptor-ligand pairing. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:18834-41. [PMID: 23671278 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.471060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of the haptoglobin (Hp)-hemoglobin (Hb) complex in human plasma leads to a high affinity recognition by the endocytic macrophage receptor CD163. A fast segregation of Hp-Hb from CD163 occurs at endosomal conditions (pH <6.5). The ligand binding site of CD163 has previously been shown to involve the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain 3. This domain and the adjacent SRCR domain 2 of CD163 contain a consensus motif for a calcium-coordinated acidic amino acid triad cluster as originally identified in the SRCR domain of the scavenger receptor MARCO. Here we show that site-directed mutagenesis in each of these acidic triads of SRCR domains 2 and 3 abrogates the high affinity binding of recombinant CD163 to Hp-Hb. In the ligand, Hp Arg-252 and Lys-262, both present in a previously identified CD163 binding loop of Hp, were revealed as essential residues for the high affinity receptor binding. These findings are in accordance with pairing of the calcium-coordinated acidic clusters in SRCR domains 2 and 3 with the two basic Arg/Lys residues in the Hp loop. Such a two-point electrostatic pairing is mechanistically similar to the pH-sensitive pairings disclosed in crystal structures of ligands in complex with tandem LDL receptor repeats or tandem CUB domains in other endocytic receptors.
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11
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Jensen AL, Collins J, Shipman EP, Wira CR, Guyre PM, Pioli PA. A subset of human uterine endometrial macrophages is alternatively activated. Am J Reprod Immunol 2012; 68:374-86. [PMID: 22882270 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2012.01181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Human uterine macrophages must maintain an environment hospitable to implantation and pregnancy and simultaneously provide protection against pathogens. Although macrophages comprise a significant portion of leukocytes within the uterine endometrium, the activation profile and functional response of these cells to endotoxin are unknown. METHOD OF STUDY Flow cytometric analysis of surface receptors and intracellular markers expressed by macrophages isolated from human endometria was performed. Uterine macrophages were stimulated with LPS. Cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors expressed by these cells were analyzed using Bio-Plex analysis. RESULTS CD163(high) human endometrial macrophages constitutively secrete both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as pro-angiogenic factors and secretion of these factors is LPS-inducible. CONCLUSION A major population of human uterine macrophages is alternatively activated. These cells secrete factors in response to LPS that are involved in the activation of immune responses and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Jensen
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
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12
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Tumour lineage-homing cell-penetrating peptides as anticancer molecular delivery systems. Nat Commun 2012; 3:951. [PMID: 22805558 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides have gained attention owing to their promise in noninvasive delivery systems. Among the identified cell-penetrating peptides, the TAT peptide has been preferentially used for transduction into cells of diverse origins. However, this activity is nonselective between neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells. Here we describe artificial cell-penetrating peptides that are selectively and efficiently incorporated into human tumour cells, according to their lineage. Ten representative tumour lineage-homing cell-penetrating peptides were obtained by screening of a random peptide library constructed using messenger RNA display technology, and some of the isolates were further modified by amino-acid substitution. Their advantageous tumour cell-targeting ability is corroborated in an in vivo mouse model for imaging and growth suppression of metastatic xenoplant tumours. These cell-penetrating peptides are potentially useful for the efficient targeting of human neoplasms in a tumour origin-dependent manner, and provide a framework for the development of peptide-based anti-tumour technologies.
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Moeller JB, Nielsen MJ, Reichhardt MP, Schlosser A, Sorensen GL, Nielsen O, Tornøe I, Grønlund J, Nielsen ME, Jørgensen JS, Jensen ON, Mollenhauer J, Moestrup SK, Holmskov U. CD163-L1 is an endocytic macrophage protein strongly regulated by mediators in the inflammatory response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:2399-409. [PMID: 22279103 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD163-L1 belongs to the group B scavenger receptor cysteine-rich family of proteins, where the CD163-L1 gene arose by duplication of the gene encoding the hemoglobin scavenger receptor CD163 in late evolution. The current data demonstrate that CD163-L1 is highly expressed and colocalizes with CD163 on large subsets of macrophages, but in contrast to CD163 the expression is low or absent in monocytes and in alveolar macrophages, glia, and Kupffer cells. The expression of CD163-L1 increases when cultured monocytes are M-CSF stimulated to macrophages, and the expression is further increased by the acute-phase mediator IL-6 and the anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10 but is suppressed by the proinflammatory mediators IL-4, IL-13, TNF-α, and LPS/IFN-γ. Furthermore, we show that CD163-L1 is an endocytic receptor, which internalizes independently of cross-linking through a clathrin-mediated pathway. Two cytoplasmic splice variants of CD163-L1 are differentially expressed and have different subcellular distribution patterns. Despite its many similarities to CD163, CD163-L1 does not possess measurable affinity for CD163 ligands such as the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex or various bacteria. In conclusion, CD163-L1 exhibits similarity to CD163 in terms of structure and regulated expression in cultured monocytes but shows clear differences compared with the known CD163 ligand preferences and expression pattern in the pool of tissue macrophages. We postulate that CD163-L1 functions as a scavenger receptor for one or several ligands that might have a role in resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper B Moeller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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Martínez VG, Moestrup SK, Holmskov U, Mollenhauer J, Lozano F. The conserved scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily in therapy and diagnosis. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:967-1000. [PMID: 21880988 DOI: 10.1124/pr.111.004523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) superfamily of soluble or membrane-bound protein receptors is characterized by the presence of one or several repeats of an ancient and highly conserved protein module, the SRCR domain. This superfamily (SRCR-SF) has been in constant and progressive expansion, now up to more than 30 members. The study of these members is attracting growing interest, which parallels that in innate immunity. No unifying function has been described to date for the SRCR domains, this being the result of the limited knowledge still available on the physiology of most members of the SRCR-SF, but also of the sequence versatility of the SRCR domains. Indeed, involvement of SRCR-SF members in quite different functions, such as pathogen recognition, modulation of the immune response, epithelial homeostasis, stem cell biology, and tumor development, have all been described. This has brought to us new information, unveiling the possibility that targeting or supplementing SRCR-SF proteins could result in diagnostic and/or therapeutic benefit for a number of physiologic and pathologic states. Recent research has provided structural and functional insight into these proteins, facilitating the development of means to modulate the activity of SRCR-SF members. Indeed, some of these approaches are already in use, paving the way for a more comprehensive use of SRCR-SF members in the clinic. The present review will illustrate some available evidence on the potential of well known and new members of the SRCR-SF in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Gabriela Martínez
- Center Esther Koplowitz, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Brochériou I, Maouche S, Durand H, Braunersreuther V, Le Naour G, Gratchev A, Koskas F, Mach F, Kzhyshkowska J, Ninio E. Antagonistic regulation of macrophage phenotype by M-CSF and GM-CSF: implication in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2010; 214:316-24. [PMID: 21159337 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We characterized the transcriptional profiles of GM-CSF- (GM-MØ) and M-CSF-induced macrophages (M-MØ) and investigated in situ a subset of differentially expressed genes in human and mouse atherosclerotic lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS Using microarrays we identified a number of genes and biological processes differentially regulated in M-MØ vs GM-MØ. By varying in culture the M-CSF/GM-CSF ratio (0-10), a spectrum of macrophage phenotypes was explored by RT-QPCR. M-CSF (10 ng/ml) stimulated expression of several genes, including selenoprotein-1 (SEPP1), stabilin-1 (STAB1) and CD163 molecule-like-1 (CD163L1) which was inhibited by a low dose of GM-CSF (1 ng/ml); M-CSF inhibited the expression of pro-platelet basic protein (PPBP) induced by GM-CSF. Combining tissue microarrays/quantitative immunohistochemistry of human aortic lesions with RT-QPCR expression data either from human carotids vs mammary non-atherosclerotic arteries or from the apoE null mice normal and atherosclerotic aortas showed that, STAB1, SEPP1 and CD163L1 (M-CSF-sensitive genes) and PPBP (GM-CSF-sensitive gene) were expressed in both human arterial and apoE null mice atherosclerotic tissues. CONCLUSION A balance between M-CSF vs GM-CSF defines macrophage functional polarisation and may contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Brochériou
- INSERM UMRS937, Université Pierre et Marie Curie UPMC-Paris 6, Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75634 Paris, France
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16
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Herzig CTA, Waters RW, Baldwin CL, Telfer JC. Evolution of the CD163 family and its relationship to the bovine gamma delta T cell co-receptor WC1. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:181. [PMID: 20550670 PMCID: PMC2906472 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The scavenger receptor cysteine rich (SRCR) domain is an ancient and conserved protein domain. CD163 and WC1 molecules are classed together as group B SRCR superfamily members, along with Spα, CD5 and CD6, all of which are expressed by immune system cells. There are three known types of CD163 molecules in mammals, CD163A (M130, coded for by CD163), CD163b (M160, coded for by CD163L1) and CD163c-α (CD163L1 or SCART), while their nearest relative, WC1, is encoded by a multigene family so far identified in the artiodactyl species of cattle, sheep, and pigs. Results We annotated the bovine genome and identified genes coding for bovine CD163A and CD163c-α but found no evidence for CD163b. Bovine CD163A is widely expressed in immune cells, whereas CD163c-α transcripts are enriched in the WC1+ γδ T cell population. Phylogenetic analyses of the CD163 family genes and WC1 showed that CD163c-α is most closely related to WC1 and that chicken and platypus have WC1 orthologous genes, previously classified as among their CD163 genes. Conclusion Since it has been shown that WC1 plays an important role in the regulation of γδ T cell responses in cattle, which, like chickens, have a high percentage of γδ T cells in their peripheral blood, CD163c-α may play a similar role, especially in species lacking WC1 genes. Our results suggest that gene duplications resulted in the expansion of CD163c-α-like and WC1-like molecules. This expanded repertoire was retained by species known as "γδ T cell high", but homologous SRCR molecules were maintained by all mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn T A Herzig
- University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Paige Laboratory, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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17
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Chono S, Tanino T, Seki T, Morimoto K. Uptake characteristics of liposomes by rat alveolar macrophages: influence of particle size and surface mannose modification. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:75-80. [PMID: 17227623 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.1.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The influence of particle size and surface mannose modification on the uptake of liposomes by alveolar macrophages (AMs) was investigated in-vitro and in-vivo. Non-modified liposomes of five different particle sizes (100, 200, 400, 1000 and 2000 nm) and mannosylated liposomes with 4-aminophenyl-α-D-mannopyranoside (particle size 1000 nm) were prepared, and the uptake characteristics by rat AMs in-vitro and in-vivo were examined. The uptake of non-modified liposomes by rat AMs in-vitro increased with an increase in particle size over the range of 100–1000 nm, and became constant at over 1000 nm. The uptake of non-modified liposomes by AMs after pulmonary administration to rats in-vivo increased with an increase in particle size in the range 100–2000 nm. The uptake of mannosylated liposomes (particle size 1000 nm) by rat AMs both in-vitro and in-vivo was significantly greater than that of non-modified liposomes (particle size 1000 nm). The results indicate that the uptake of liposomes by rat AMs is dependent on particle size and is increased by surface mannose modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumio Chono
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University, 7-1 Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru-city 047-0264, Japan.
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18
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Abstract
Heme, the functional group of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and other hemoproteins, is a highly toxic substance when it appears in the extracellular milieu. To circumvent potential harmful effects of heme from hemoproteins released during physiological or pathological cell damage (such as hemolysis and rhabdomyolysis), specific high capacity scavenging systems have evolved in the mammalian organism. Two major systems, which essentially function in a similar way by means of a circulating latent plasma carrier protein that upon ligand binding is recognized by a receptor, are represented by a) the hemoglobin-binding haptoglobin and the receptor CD163, and b) the heme-binding hemopexin and the receptor low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/CD91. Apart from the disclosure of the molecular basis for these important heme scavenging systems by identifying the functional link between the carrier proteins and the respective receptors, research over the last decade has shown how these systems, and the metabolic pathways they represent, closely relate to inflammation and other biological events.
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Chono S, Kaneko K, Yamamoto E, Togami K, Morimoto K. Effect of surface-mannose modification on aerosolized liposomal delivery to alveolar macrophages. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:102-7. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903099744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Identification of the CD163 protein domains involved in infection of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Virol 2009; 84:3101-5. [PMID: 20032174 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02093-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptor CD163 is a key entry mediator for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). To identify the CD163 protein domains involved in PRRSV infection, deletion mutants and chimeric mutants were created. Infection experiments revealed that scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain 5 (SRCR 5) is essential for PRRSV infection, while the four N-terminal SRCR domains and the cytoplasmic tail are not required. The remaining CD163 protein domains need to be present but can be replaced by corresponding SRCR domains from CD163-L1, resulting in reduced (SRCR 6 and interdomain regions) or unchanged (SRCR 7 to SRCR 9) infection efficiency. In addition, CD163-specific antibodies recognizing SRCR 5 are able to reduce PRRSV infection.
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21
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Molecular cloning and analysis of SSc5D, a new member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:2585-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Holm D, Fink DR, Grønlund J, Hansen S, Holmskov U. Cloning and characterization of SCART1, a novel scavenger receptor cysteine-rich type I transmembrane molecule. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:1663-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Herzig CTA, Baldwin CL. Genomic organization and classification of the bovine WC1 genes and expression by peripheral blood gamma delta T cells. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:191. [PMID: 19393067 PMCID: PMC2681482 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background WC1 co-receptors are group B scavenger receptor cysteine-rich molecules that are found exclusively on γδT cells and are thought to be encoded by a multi-gene family. Previous studies have shown γδT cells that respond to a particular stimulus have unique WC1 molecules expressed. Prior to the onset of the studies described here only one full-length WC1 nucleotide sequence was publicly available, though three WC1 molecules had been distinguished based on monoclonal antibody reactivity. Furthermore, the number of WC1 genes found in the bovine genome and their sequences had not yet been resolved. Results By annotating the bovine genome Btau_3.1 assembly, here we show the existence of 13 members in the WC1 gene family and their organization within two loci on chromosome 5 including three distinct exon-intron gene structures one of which coded for a potentially more primitive and smaller WC1 molecule that is similar to the swine WC1 gene. We also provide cDNA evidence as verification for many of the annotated sequences and show transcripts for isoforms derived by alternative splicing. Conclusion It is possible that WC1 diversity contributes to functional differences that have been observed between γδT cell populations. The studies described here demonstrate that WC1 molecules are encoded by a large, multi-gene family whose transcripts undergo extensive alternative splicing. Similar to other non-rearranging immunoreceptors, it is likely that the WC1 gene repertoire underwent expansion in order to keep pace with rapidly changing ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn T A Herzig
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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24
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Modulation of CD163 receptor expression and replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in porcine macrophages. Virus Res 2009; 140:161-71. [PMID: 19111584 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has a specific cell tropism for differentiated macrophages, such as porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). We analyzed the expression of CD163 on PAMs and macrophages derived from CD14 positive blood monocytes (MDMs), in correlation with PRRSV replication. By flow cytometry analysis, we showed that the levels of CD163 expression correlated well with the overall level of PRRSV replication. We further examined the effects of modulators of macrophage function, including 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and interleukin (IL)-10 on the expression of CD163 and PRRSV replication. Pre-treatment of PAMs or MDMs with TPA or LPS resulted in decreased expression of CD163 and reduction in PRRSV replication. On the contrary, the incubation of CD14 positive monocytes with IL-10 during differentiation into MDMs resulted in up-regulated expression of CD163 with a corresponding increase in PRRSV infection. These data indicate that the expression of CD163 on macrophages in different microenvironments, in vivo, may determine the replication efficiency and subsequent pathogenecity of PRRSV.
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25
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Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDS) using liposomes as drug carriers for targeting to macrophages have been developed for the treatment of diseases that macrophages are related to their progress. Initially, DDS for the treatment of atherosclerosis are described. The influence of particle size on the drug delivery to atherosclerotic lesions that macrophages are richly present and antiatherosclerotic effects following intravenous administration of liposomes containing dexamethasone (DXM-liposomes) was investigated in atherogenic mice. Both the drug delivery efficacy of DXM-liposomes (particle size, 200 nm) to atherosclerotic lesions and their antiatherosclerotic effects were greater than those of 70 and 500 nm. These results indicate that there is an optimal particle size for drug delivery to atherosclerotic lesions. DDS for the treatment of respiratory infections are then described. The influence of particle size and surface mannosylation on the drug delivery to alveolar macrophages (AMs) and antibacterial effects following pulmonary administration of liposomes containing ciprofloxacin (CPFX-liposomes) was investigated in rats. The drug delivery efficacy of CPFX-liposomes to AMs was particle size-dependent over the range 100-1000 nm and then became constant at over 1000 nm. These results indicate that the most effective size is 1000 nm. Both the drug delivery efficacy of mannosylated CPFX-liposomes (particle size, 1000 nm) to AMs and their antibacterial effects were significantly greater than those of unmodified CPFX-liposomes. These results indicate that the surface mannosylation is useful method for drug delivery to AMs. This review provides useful information to help in the development of novel pharmaceutical formulations aimed at drug targeting to macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumio Chono
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University, Otaru City, Japan.
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26
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Calvert JG, Slade DE, Shields SL, Jolie R, Mannan RM, Ankenbauer RG, Welch SKW. CD163 expression confers susceptibility to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses. J Virol 2007; 81:7371-9. [PMID: 17494075 PMCID: PMC1933360 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00513-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct functional screening of a cDNA expression library derived from primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) revealed that CD163 is capable of conferring a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-permissive phenotype when introduced into nonpermissive cells. Transient-transfection experiments showed that full-length CD163 cDNAs from PAM, human U937 cells (histiocytic lymphoma), African green monkey kidney cells (MARC-145 and Vero), primary mouse peritoneal macrophages, and canine DH82 (histocytosis) cells encode functional virus receptors. In contrast, CD163 splice variants without the C-terminal transmembrane anchor domain do not provide PRRSV receptor function. We established several stable cell lines expressing CD163 cDNAs from pig, human, and monkey, using porcine kidney (PK 032495), feline kidney (NLFK), or baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) as the parental cell lines. These stable cell lines were susceptible to PRRSV infection and yielded high titers of progeny virus. Cell lines were phenotypically stable over 80 cell passages, and PRRSV could be serially passed at least 60 times, yielding in excess of 10(5) 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/immunology
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA Primers
- Disease Susceptibility/immunology
- Genotype
- Humans
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/immunology
- Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/prevention & control
- Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/immunology
- Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus/physiology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 1
- Swine
- Transfection
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay G Calvert
- Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Animal Health Division, Pfizer Incl., Kalamazoo, MI 49001, USA.
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27
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Madsen J, Nielsen O, Tornøe I, Thim L, Holmskov U. Tissue localization of human trefoil factors 1, 2, and 3. J Histochem Cytochem 2007; 55:505-13. [PMID: 17242463 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.6a7100.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factors (TTFs) are small, compact proteins coexpressed with mucins in the gastrointestinal tract. Three trefoil factors are known in mammals: TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3. They are implicated to play diverse roles in maintenance and repair of the gastrointestinal channel. We compared the expression pattern of the three trefoil factors analyzing mRNA from a panel of 20 human tissues by conventional reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR and, in addition, by real-time PCR. These findings were supported by immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human tissues using rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against these factors. TFF1 showed highest expression in the stomach and colon, whereas TFF2 and TFF3 showed highest expression in stomach and colon, respectively. All three TFFs were found in the ducts of pancreas. Whereas TFF2 was found to be restricted to these two tissues, the structurally more closely related TFF1 and TFF3 showed a more general tissue distribution and were found to colocalize on an array of mucosal surfaces. This is the first thorough parallel description of the tissue distribution of TFFs in normal tissues, and it provides a baseline for similar analysis in diseased tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Madsen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
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28
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Daly A, Walsh C, Feighery C, O'Shea U, Jackson J, Whelan A. Serum levels of soluble CD163 correlate with the inflammatory process in coeliac disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006; 24:553-9. [PMID: 16886922 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In coeliac disease, following the introduction of a gluten-free diet, monitoring mucosal disease activity requires repeated small intestinal biopsies. If a test measuring a circulating inflammatory marker was available, this would be clinically valuable. AIM To determine if levels of soluble CD163, a scavenger receptor shed by tissue macrophages, correlated with the inflammatory lesion in coeliac disease. METHODS Serum samples were collected from 131 patients with untreated coeliac disease, 40 patients with treated coeliac disease, 92 non-coeliac disease control subjects and 131 healthy controls. A capture enzyme linked immunosorbance assay was established to measure levels of soluble CD163 in sera. The extent of the histological lesion in coeliac biopsies was assessed using a Marsh grading system. RESULTS Levels of CD163 in untreated coeliac subjects were significantly elevated when compared with the treated coeliac patients, the disease control group and the healthy control subjects (P < 0.0001 in each instance). Moreover, coeliac patients with the most marked histological lesion (Marsh 3) had significantly higher levels of soluble CD163 than patients with Marsh grade 2 lesions (P < 0.0004), with grade 1 lesions (P < 0.0001) and grade 0 lesions (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Measurement of soluble CD163 may be a useful method of monitoring the inflammatory lesion in coeliac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Daly
- Department of Immunology, Trinity College Dublin and St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Maniecki MB, Møller HJ, Moestrup SK, Møller BK. CD163 positive subsets of blood dendritic cells: the scavenging macrophage receptors CD163 and CD91 are coexpressed on human dendritic cells and monocytes. Immunobiology 2006; 211:407-17. [PMID: 16920480 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2006.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CD163 and CD91 are scavenging receptors with highly increased expression during the differentiation of monocytes into the anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotype. In addition, CD91 is expressed in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs), where the receptor is suggested to be important for internalization of CD91-targeted antigens to be presented on the dendritic cell surface for T-cell stimulation. Despite their overlap in functionality, the expression of CD91 and CD163 has never been compared and the expression of CD163 in the monocyte-dendritic cell lineage is not yet characterized. CD163 expression in dendritic cells (DCs) was investigated using multicolor flow cytometry in peripheral blood from 31 healthy donors and 15 HIV-1 patients in addition to umbilical cord blood from 5 newborn infants. Total RNA was isolated from MACS purified DCs and CD163 mRNA was determined with real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The effect of glucocorticoid and phorbol ester stimulation on monocyte and dendritic cell CD163 and CD91 expression was investigated in cell culture of mononuclear cells using multicolor flow cytometry. We identified two CD163+ subsets in human blood with dendritic cell characteristics, CD163lo and CD163hi, together constituting a substantial fraction of DCs. Both subsets were characterized as [lin]- CD4+ ILT3+ HLA-DR+ CD11c+ by flow cytometry, and CD163 mRNA was readily detectable in MACS purified human DCs. CD163 on DCs was upregulated by glucocorticoid, and treatment by phorbol ester significantly decreased surface expression. Overall, the expression of CD163 on DCs was significantly increased in HIV-1 patients (19.3% [95% CI: 14.7-26.3%]) compared to healthy patients (10.5% [95% CI: 8.0-12.5]) p < 0.001. The CD163lo subset was CD16+, whereas the CD163hi subset was CD16-. Both subsets were CD91+, thereby constituting a subfraction of the recently described CD91+ CD11c+ dendritic cell subset. Coexpression of CD163 and CD91 was also demonstrated on human monocytes, which upon glucocorticoid treatment exhibited an increase in both CD163 and CD91 expression. We have now shown that CD163 and CD91 are coexpressed and coregulated on human monocytes. In addition, two subsets of CD163+ DCs constituting a fraction of the recently described CD91+ CD11c+ dendritic cell subset have been identified. The CD163 expression pattern suggests that if antigens are targeted to CD163 they may induce an immunostimulatory response like that of CD91-targeted antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Bogdan Maniecki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Norrebrogade 44, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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30
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Abstract
Mature tissue macrophages form a first line of defense to recognize and eliminate potential pathogens; these specialized cells are capable of phagocytosis, degradation of self and foreign materials, establishment of cell-cell interactions, and the production of inflammatory mediators. Mature tissue macrophages express a variety of receptors, including the scavenger receptor cystein-rich (SRCR) superfamily members. CD163 is a member of the SRCR family class B and is expressed on most subpopulations of mature tissue macrophages. The best characterized function of CD163, which is essentially a homeostatic one, is related to the binding of Hemoglobin:Haptoglobin complexes. Furthermore, it has been suggested that CD163 positive macrophages or the soluble form of CD163 plays a role in the resolution of inflammation, as they are found in high numbers in inflamed tissue.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/chemistry
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Humans
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Babs O Fabriek
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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31
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Pospisil R, Obiakor H, Newman BA, Alexander C, Mage RG. Stable expression of the extracellular domains of rabbit recombinant CD5: development and characterization of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2005; 103:257-67. [PMID: 15621311 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2004] [Accepted: 09/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in our laboratory suggested that there was positive selection of B cells during early development in the appendix of normal and V(H) mutant (ali/ali) rabbits. Preferential expansion and survival of B lymphocytes was affected by the Ig V(H) frameworks 1 and 3 sequences expressed on the cell surface. We demonstrated a specific interaction between rabbit CD5 and the V region of rabbit heavy chains and suggested that CD5 is a potential selecting ligand for B-cell surface immunoglobulin framework region sequences. To further investigate the role of CD5 in rabbit B-cell selection and survival we prepared recombinant constructs and obtained stable expression of the three scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) extracellular domains of rabbit CD5. Here we describe the production and purification of this expressed recombinant CD5 protein, polyclonal antibody obtained by immunization of a goat and initial production and characterization of specific mAbs against peptides selected from each sequenced SRCR domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Pospisil
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room llN3ll, 10 Center Drive-MSC 1892, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892, USA
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32
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Christophides GK, Vlachou D, Kafatos FC. Comparative and functional genomics of the innate immune system in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Immunol Rev 2004; 198:127-48. [PMID: 15199960 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.0127.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In much of Africa, the mosquito Anopheles gambiae is the major vector of human malaria, a devastating infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. Vector and parasite interact at multiple stages and locations, and the nature and effectiveness of this reciprocal interaction determines the success of transmission. Many of the interactions engage the mosquito's innate immunity, a primitive but very effective defense system. In some cases, the mosquito kills the parasite, thus blocking the transmission cycle. However, not all interactions are antagonistic; some represent immune evasion. The sequence of the A. gambiae genome revealed numerous potential components of the innate immune system, and it established that they evolve rapidly, as summarized in the present review. Their rapid evolution by gene family expansion diversification as well as the prevalence of haplotype alleles in the best-studied families may reflect selective adaptation of the immune system to the exigencies of multiple immune challenges in a variety of ecologic niches. As a follow-up to the comparative genomic analysis, the development of functional genomic methodologies has provided novel opportunities for understanding the immune system and the nature of its interactions with the parasite. In this context, identification of both Plasmodium antagonists and protectors in the mosquito represents a significant conceptual advance. In addition to providing fundamental understanding of primitive immune systems, studies of mosquito interactions with the parasite open unprecedented opportunities for novel interventions against malaria transmission. The generation of transgenic mosquitoes that resist malaria infection in the wild and the development of antimalarial 'smart sprays' capable of disrupting interactions that are protective of the parasite, or reinforcing others that are antagonistic, represent technical challenges but also immense opportunities for improvement of global health.
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Bikker FJ, Ligtenberg AJM, End C, Renner M, Blaich S, Lyer S, Wittig R, van't Hof W, Veerman ECI, Nazmi K, de Blieck-Hogervorst JMA, Kioschis P, Nieuw Amerongen AV, Poustka A, Mollenhauer J. Bacteria Binding by DMBT1/SAG/gp-340 Is Confined to the VEVLXXXXW Motif in Its Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-rich Domains. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:47699-703. [PMID: 15355985 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m406095200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) proteins form an archaic group of metazoan proteins characterized by the presence of SRCR domains. These proteins are classified in group A and B based on the number of conserved cysteine residues in their SRCR domains, i.e. six for group A and eight for group B. The protein DMBT1 (deleted in malignant brain tumors 1), which is identical to salivary agglutinin and lung gp-340, belongs to the group B SRCR proteins and is considered to be involved in tumor suppression and host defense by pathogen binding. In a previous study we used nonoverlapping synthetic peptides covering the SRCR consensus sequence to identify a 16-amino acid bacteria-binding protein loop (peptide SRCRP2; QGRVEVLYRGSWGTVC) within the SRCR domains. In this study, using overlapping peptides, we pinpointed the minimal bacteria-binding site on SRCRP2, and thus DMBT1, to an 11-amino acid motif (DMBT1 pathogen-binding site 1 or DMBT1pbs1; GRVEVLYRGSW). An alanine substitution scan revealed that VEVL and Trp are critical residues in this motif. Bacteria binding by DMBT1pbs1 was different from the bacteria binding by the macrophage receptor MARCO in which an RXR motif was critical. In addition, the homologous consensus sequences of a number of SRCR proteins were synthesized and tested for bacteria binding. Only consensus sequences of DMBT1 orthologues bound bacteria by this motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit en Universiteit van Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Madsen M, Møller HJ, Nielsen MJ, Jacobsen C, Graversen JH, van den Berg T, Moestrup SK. Molecular characterization of the haptoglobin.hemoglobin receptor CD163. Ligand binding properties of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain region. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:51561-7. [PMID: 15448162 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m409629200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CD163 is the macrophage receptor for endocytosis of haptoglobin.hemoglobin complexes. The extracellular region consisting of nine scavenger receptor cysteine rich (SRCR) domains also circulates in plasma as a soluble protein. By ligand binding analysis of a broad spectrum of soluble CD163 truncation variants, the amino-terminal third of the SRCR region was shown to be crucial for the binding of haptoglobin.hemoglobin complexes. By Western blotting of the CD163 variants, a panel of ten monoclonal antibodies was mapped to SRCR domains 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 9, respectively. Only the two antibodies binding to SRCR domain 3 exhibited effective inhibition of ligand binding. Furthermore, analysis of purified native CD163 revealed that proteolytic cleavage in SRCR domain 3 inactivates ligand binding. Calcium protects against cleavage in this domain. Analysis of the calcium sensitivity of ligand binding to CD163 demonstrated that optimal ligand binding requires physiological plasma calcium concentrations, and an immediate ligand release occurs at the low calcium concentrations measured in acidifying endosomes. In conclusion, SRCR domain 3 of CD163 is an exposed domain and a critical determinant for the calcium-sensitive coupling of haptoglobin.hemoglobin complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Madsen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Aarhus, Denmark
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Madsen J, Tornoe I, Nielsen O, Koch C, Steinhilber W, Holmskov U. Expression and localization of lung surfactant protein A in human tissues. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2003; 29:591-7. [PMID: 12777246 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2002-0274oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung surfactant protein A (SP-A) is a collectin produced by alveolar type II cells and Clara cells. It binds to carbohydrate structures on microorganisms, initiating effector mechanisms of innate immunity and modulating the inflammatory response in the lung. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed on a panel of RNAs from human tissues for SP-A mRNA expression. The lung was the main site of synthesis, but transcripts were readily amplified from the trachea, prostate, pancreas, and thymus. Weak expression was observed in the colon and salivary gland. SP-A sequences derived from lung and thymus mRNA revealed the presence of both SP-A1 and SP-A2, whereas only SP-A2 expression was found in the trachea and prostate. Monoclonal antibodies were raised against SP-A and characterized. One of these (HYB 238-4) reacted in Western blotting with both reduced and unreduced SP-A, with N-deglycosylated and collagenase-treated SP-A, and with both recombinant SP-A1 and SP-A2. This antibody was used to demonstrate SP-A in immunohistochemistry of human tissues. Strong SP-A immunoreactivity was seen in alveolar type-II cells, Clara cells, and on and within alveolar macrophages, but no extrapulmonary SP-A immunoreactivity was observed. In contrast to lung surfactant protein D (SP-D), which is generally expressed on mucosal surfaces, SP-A seems to be restricted to the respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Madsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløwparken 21.1, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
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Ahn JS, Konno A, Gebe JA, Aruffo A, Hamilton MJ, Park YH, Davis WC. Scavenger receptor cysteine‐rich domains 9 and 11 of WC1 are receptors for the WC1 counter receptor. J Leukoc Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.72.2.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman
| | - A. Konno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - J. A. Gebe
- Benoaroya Research Institute, Virginia Mason Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - A. Aruffo
- Bristol‐Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey; and
| | - M. J. Hamilton
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman
| | - Y. H. Park
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - W. C. Davis
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman
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Mason D, André P, Bensussan A, Buckley C, Civin C, Clark E, de Haas M, Goyert S, Hadam M, Hart D, Horejsí V, Meuer S, Morrissey J, Schwartz-Albiez R, Shaw S, Simmons D, Uguccioni M, van der Schoot E, Vivier E, Zola H. CD antigens 2002. Blood 2002; 99:3877-80. [PMID: 12014373 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v99.10.3877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Mason D, André P, Bensussan A, Buckley C, Civin C, Clark E, de Haas M, Goyert S, Hadam M, Hart D, Horejsí V, Meuer S, Morrissey J, Schwartz-Albiez R, Shaw S, Simmons D, Uguccioni M, van der Schoot E, Vivier E, Zola H. CD antigens 2001: aims and results of HLDA Workshops. Stem Cells 2002; 19:556-62. [PMID: 11713348 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.19-6-556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Mason
- The Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Mason D, André P, Bensussan A, Buckley C, Civin C, Clark E, de Haas M, Goyert S, Hadam M, Hart D, Horejsí V, Meuer S, Morrissey J, Schwartz-Albiez R, Shaw S, Simmons D, Uguccioni M, van der Schoot E, Vivier E, Zola H. CD Antigens 2001. Mod Pathol 2002; 15:71-6. [PMID: 11796844 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3880492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Mason
- Haematology Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom.
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40
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Mason D, André P, Bensussan A, Buckley C, Civin C, Clark E, de Haas M, Goyert S, Hadam M, Hart D, Horejší V, Meuer S, Morrissey J, Schwartz‐Albiez R, Shaw S, Simmons D, Uguccioni M, van der Schoot E, Vivier E, Zola H. CD antigens 2001. J Leukoc Biol 2001. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.70.5.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Mason
- Haematology Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford,
| | - Pascale André
- Centre d’Immunologie, INSERM‐CNRS de Marseille Luminy, Marseille, and
| | - Armand Bensussan
- INSERM Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale, Creteil, France
| | - Chris Buckley
- Division of Immunity and Infection, MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Birmingham, and
| | - Curt Civin
- Johns Hopkins Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Edward Clark
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Masja de Haas
- Central Laboratory of the Netherlands, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanna Goyert
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology/Division of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University Medical College, Manhasset, New York
| | - Martin Hadam
- Kinderklinik‐Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, and
| | - Derek Hart
- Mater Medical Research Institute, Mater Hospital, South Brisbane, and
| | - Václav Horejší
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Meuer
- Institut für Immunologie, Ruprecht‐Karls Universität and Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Stephen Shaw
- National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - David Simmons
- Celltech R&D Ltd., Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ellen van der Schoot
- Central Laboratory of the Netherlands, Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Vivier
- Centre d’Immunologie, INSERM‐CNRS de Marseille Luminy, Marseille, and
| | - Heddy Zola
- Child Health Research Institute, Women’s & Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Abstract
Recent studies have identified a macrophage-specific receptor for the clearance of haemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes, which protects the host against the toxicity of free haemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gordon
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE, Oxford, UK.
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