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Feng YT, Yang CY, Wu L, Wang YC, Shen GW, Lin P. BmSPP is a virus resistance gene in Bombyx mori. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1377270. [PMID: 38585268 PMCID: PMC10995218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1377270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) is an intramembrane protease involved in a variety of biological processes, it participates in the processing of signal peptides after the release of the nascent protein to regulate the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, binds misfolded membrane proteins, and aids in their clearance process. Additionally, it regulates normal immune surveillance and assists in the processing of viral proteins. Although SPP is essential for many viral infections, its role in silkworms remains unclear. Studying its role in the silkworm, Bombyx mori , may be helpful in breeding virus-resistant silkworms. Methods First, we performed RT-qPCR to analyze the expression pattern of BmSPP. Subsequently, we inhibited BmSPP using the SPP inhibitor 1,3-di-(N-carboxybenzoyl-L-leucyl-L-leucylaminopropanone ((Z-LL)2-ketone) and downregulated the expression of BmSPP using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Furthermore, we assessed the impact of these interventions on the proliferation of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV). Results We observed a decreased in the expression of BmSPP during viral proliferation. It was found that higher concentration of the inhibitor resulted in greater inhibition of BmNPV proliferation. The down-regulation of BmSPP in both in vivo and in vitro was found to affect the proliferation of BmNPV. In comparison to wild type silkworm, BmSPPKO silkworms exhibited a 12.4% reduction in mortality rate. Discussion Collectively, this work demonstrates that BmSPP plays a negative regulatory role in silkworm resistance to BmNPV infection and is involved in virus proliferation and replication processes. This finding suggests that BmSPP servers as a target gene for BmNPV virus resistance in silkworms and can be utilized in resistance breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ping Lin
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Huot N, Planchais C, Rosenbaum P, Contreras V, Jacquelin B, Petitdemange C, Lazzerini M, Beaumont E, Orta-Resendiz A, Rey FA, Reeves RK, Le Grand R, Mouquet H, Müller-Trutwin M. SARS-CoV-2 viral persistence in lung alveolar macrophages is controlled by IFN-γ and NK cells. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:2068-2079. [PMID: 37919524 PMCID: PMC10681903 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA generally becomes undetectable in upper airways after a few days or weeks postinfection. Here we used a model of viral infection in macaques to address whether SARS-CoV-2 persists in the body and which mechanisms regulate its persistence. Replication-competent virus was detected in bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL) macrophages beyond 6 months postinfection. Viral propagation in BAL macrophages occurred from cell to cell and was inhibited by interferon-γ (IFN-γ). IFN-γ production was strongest in BAL NKG2r+CD8+ T cells and NKG2Alo natural killer (NK) cells and was further increased in NKG2Alo NK cells after spike protein stimulation. However, IFN-γ production was impaired in NK cells from macaques with persisting virus. Moreover, IFN-γ also enhanced the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-E on BAL macrophages, possibly inhibiting NK cell-mediated killing. Macaques with less persisting virus mounted adaptive NK cells that escaped the MHC-E-dependent inhibition. Our findings reveal an interplay between NK cells and macrophages that regulated SARS-CoV-2 persistence in macrophages and was mediated by IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Huot
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, Paris, France.
| | - Cyril Planchais
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Humoral Immunology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Rosenbaum
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Humoral Immunology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Contreras
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Immunologie des Maladies Virales, Auto-Immunes, Hématologiques et Bactériennes (IMVA-HB/IDMIT/UMR1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Beatrice Jacquelin
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Petitdemange
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, Paris, France
| | - Marie Lazzerini
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, Paris, France
| | - Emma Beaumont
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, Paris, France
| | - Aurelio Orta-Resendiz
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, Paris, France
| | - Félix A Rey
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Structural Virology Unit, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
| | - R Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Duke Research and Discovery at RTP, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Immunologie des Maladies Virales, Auto-Immunes, Hématologiques et Bactériennes (IMVA-HB/IDMIT/UMR1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1222, Humoral Immunology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Michaela Müller-Trutwin
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, Paris, France
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3
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Höppner S, Schröder B, Fluhrer R. Structure and function of SPP/SPPL proteases: insights from biochemical evidence and predictive modeling. FEBS J 2023; 290:5456-5474. [PMID: 37786993 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
More than 20 years ago, signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and its homologues, the signal peptide peptidase-like (SPPL) proteases have been identified based on their sequence similarity to presenilins, a related family of intramembrane aspartyl proteases. Other than those for the presenilins, no high-resolution structures for the SPP/SPPL proteases are available. Despite this limitation, over the years bioinformatical and biochemical data have accumulated, which altogether have provided a picture of the overall structure and topology of these proteases, their localization in the cell, the process of substrate recognition, their cleavage mechanism, and their function. Recently, the artificial intelligence-based structure prediction tool AlphaFold has added high-confidence models of the expected fold of SPP/SPPL proteases. In this review, we summarize known structural aspects of the SPP/SPPL family as well as their substrates. Of particular interest are the emerging substrate recognition and catalytic mechanisms that might lead to the prediction and identification of more potential substrates and deeper insight into physiological and pathophysiological roles of proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Höppner
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, University of Augsburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, University of Augsburg, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Health Research, University of Augsburg, Germany
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Wu Y, Thomas GM, Thomsen M, Bahri S, Lieberman RL. Lipid environment modulates processivity and kinetics of a presenilin homolog acting on multiple substrates in vitro. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105401. [PMID: 38270390 PMCID: PMC10679502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Intramembrane proteases (IPs) hydrolyze peptides in the lipid membrane. IPs participate in a number of cellular pathways including immune response and surveillance, and cholesterol biosynthesis, and they are exploited by viruses for replication. Despite their broad importance across biology, how activity is regulated in the cell to control protein maturation and release of specific bioactive peptides at the right place and right time remains largely unanswered, particularly for the intramembrane aspartyl protease (IAP) subtype. At a molecular biochemical level, different IAP homologs can cleave non-biological substrates, and there is no sequence recognition motif among the nearly 150 substrates identified for just one IAP, presenilin-1, the catalytic component of γ-secretase known for its involvement in the production of amyloid-β plaques associated with Alzheimer disease. Here we used gel-based assays combined with quantitative mass spectrometry and FRET-based kinetics assays to probe the cleavage profile of the presenilin homolog from the methanogen Methanoculleus marisnigri JR1 as a function of the surrounding lipid-mimicking environment, either detergent micelles or bicelles. We selected four biological IAP substrates that have not undergone extensive cleavage profiling previously, namely, the viral core protein of Hepatitis C virus, the viral core protein of Classical Swine Fever virus, the transmembrane segment of Notch-1, and the tyrosine receptor kinase ErbB4. Our study demonstrates a proclivity toward cleavage of substrates at positions of low average hydrophobicity and a consistent role for the lipid environment in modulating kinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wu
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gwendell M Thomas
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Max Thomsen
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sara Bahri
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Raquel L Lieberman
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Contreras W, Bazan JF, Mentrup T. The transmembrane domain of Frey1 harbors a transplantable inhibitory motif for intramembrane proteases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:170. [PMID: 37261541 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although aspartic intramembrane-cleaving proteases (I-CLIPs) are crucial switches of multiple signaling pathways and involved in several devastating diseases, little is known about their physiological regulation. We have recently identified Frey regulator of sperm-oocyte fusion 1 (Frey1) as an inhibitory protein of Signal Peptide Peptidase-like 2c (SPPL2c), a member of this protease family. Employing structure modeling along with cell-based inhibition and interaction studies, we identify a short motif within the Frey1 transmembrane domain essential for inhibition of SPPL2c. Intriguingly, this motif can be transplanted to the SPPL2c substrate PLN, thereby transforming it into an inhibitor of this enzyme. It can be adopted for the generation of Notch1-based γ-Secretase inhibitors demonstrating its versatile use among aspartic I-CLIPs. In summary, we describe a mechanism of aspartic I-CLIP inhibition which allows the targeted generation of specific inhibitors of these enzymes and might enable the identification of endogenous negative regulators of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whendy Contreras
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Fernando Bazan
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Torben Mentrup
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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Non-random Codon Usage of Synonymous and Non-synonymous Mutations in the Human HLA-A Gene. J Mol Evol 2023; 91:169-191. [PMID: 36809491 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-023-10093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The structure and function of human leucocyte antigen (HLA-A) is well known and is an extremely variable protein. From the public HLA-A database, we chose 26 high frequency HLA-A alleles (45% of sequenced alleles). Using five arbitrary references from these alleles, we analyzed synonymous mutations at the third codon position (sSNP3) and non-synonymous mutations (NSM). Both mutation types showed non-random locations of 29 sSNP3 codons and 71 NSM codons in the five reference lists. Most sSNP3 codons show identical mutation types with many mutations resulting from cytosine deamination. We proposed 23 ancestral parents of sSNP3 in five reference sequences using conserved parents in five unidirectional codons and 18 majority parents in reciprocal codons. These 23 proposed ancestral parents show exclusive codon usage of G3 or C3 parents located on both DNA strands that mutate to A3 or T3 variants mostly (76%) by cytosine deamination The sSNP3 and NSM show clear separation of the two variant types with most sSNP3 located in conserved areas in exons 2, 3 and 4, compared to most NSM appearing in two Variable Areas with no sSNP3 in the latter parts of exons 2 (α1) and 3 (α2). The Variable Areas contain NSM (polymorphic) residues at the center of the groove that bind the foreign peptide. We find distinctly different mutation patterns in NSM codons from those of sSNP3. Namely, G-C to A-T mutation frequency was much smaller, suggesting that evolutional pressures of deamination and other mechanisms applied to the two areas are significantly different.
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Hochman J, Braitbard O. Life after Cleavage: The Story of a β-Retroviral (MMTV) Signal Peptide-From Murine Lymphoma to Human Breast Cancer. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112435. [PMID: 36366533 PMCID: PMC9694287 DOI: 10.3390/v14112435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence in recent years supports an association of the betaretrovirus mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) with human breast cancer. This is an issue that still raises heated controversy. We have come to address this association using the signal peptide p14 of the MMTV envelope precursor protein as a key element of our strategy. In addition to its signal peptide function, p14 has some significant post endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-targeting characteristics: (1) it localizes to nucleoli where it binds key proteins (RPL5 and B23) involved (among other activities) in the regulation of nucleolar stress response, ribosome biogenesis and p53 stabilization; (2) p14 is a nuclear export factor; (3) it is expressed on the cell surface of infected cells, and as such, is amenable to, and successfully used, in preventive vaccination against experimental tumors that harbor MMTV; (4) the growth of such tumors is impaired in vivo using a combination of monoclonal anti-p14 antibodies or adoptive T-cell transfer treatments; (5) p14 is a phospho-protein endogenously phosphorylated by two different serine kinases. The phosphorylation status of the two sites determines whether p14 will function in an oncogenic or tumor-suppressing capacity; (6) transcriptional activation of genes (RPL5, ErbB4) correlates with the oncogenic potential of MMTV; (7) finally, polyclonal anti-p14 antibodies have been applied in immune histochemistry analyses of breast cancer cases using formalin fixed paraffin-embedded sections, supporting the associations of MMTV with the disease. Taken together, the above findings constitute a road map towards the diagnosis and possible prevention and treatment of MMTV-associated breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Hochman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-54-441-4370
| | - Ori Braitbard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- Department of Bioinformatics, The Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem 9372115, Israel
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Yang H, Li Z, Wang Z, Zhang X, Dai X, Zhou G, Ding Q. Histocompatibility Minor 13 (HM13), targeted by miR-760, exerts oncogenic role in breast cancer by suppressing autophagy and activating PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:728. [PMID: 36153332 PMCID: PMC9509374 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Histocompatibility Minor 13 (HM13) is reported to participate in regulating multiple cancers. In the present study, we uncovered that HM13 was highly expressed in breast cancer and correlated with worse prognosis. Downregulation of HM13 could suppress breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis abilities. Tumorigenicity mediated by HM13 was also observed in the xenograft model. Knockdown of HM13 could activate autophagy by inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Moreover, further experiments demonstrated that downregulated HM13 could inhibit PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. We then verified that HM13 was a direct target of miR-760 functioned as a tumor -suppressor in breast cancer. And the tumor suppressive effects of miR-760 could be partially reversed by HM13. Taken together, these findings elucidated that HM13, targeted by miR-760, could play an oncogenic role in breast cancer by inducing autophagic inhibition and facilitating PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Our findings suggested HM13 could act as a novel therapeutic target candidate for breast cancer and supported the idea that autophagy inducers might represent a new approach to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 PR China
| | - Zhi Li
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Huai’an First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu 223399 PR China
| | - Zhangwei Wang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 PR China
| | - Xinyuan Dai
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 PR China
| | - Guoren Zhou
- grid.452509.f0000 0004 1764 4566Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009 PR China
| | - Qiang Ding
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 PR China
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Liu J, Li W, Wu L. Pan-cancer analysis suggests histocompatibility minor 13 is an unfavorable prognostic biomarker promoting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:950156. [PMID: 36046831 PMCID: PMC9421072 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.950156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Histocompatibility Minor 13 (HM13) encoding the signal peptide peptidase plays an important role in maintaining protein homeostasis but its role in tumors remains unclear. In this study, 33 tumor RNA-seq datasets were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the pan-cancer expression profile of HM13 was evaluated in combination with The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) datasets. The prognostic significance of abnormal HM13 pan-cancer expression was evaluated by univariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses. Co-expression analysis was performed to examine the correlation between abnormal pan-cancer expression of HM13 and immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint, molecules related to RNA modification, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and other related molecules. CellMiner database was used to evaluate the relationship between the expression of HM13 and drug sensitivity. The results showed overexpression of HM13 in almost all tumors except kidney chromophobe (KICH). Abnormally high expression of HM13 in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP), uveal melanoma (UVM), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), brain lower grade glioma (LGG), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) was associated with poor prognosis. Expression of HM13 correlated strongly with pan-cancer immune checkpoint gene expression and immune cell infiltration. Drug sensitivity analysis indicated that the expression of HM13 was an excellent predictor of drug sensitivity. We verified that both mRNA and protein levels of HM13 were abnormally upregulated in HCC tissues, and were independent risk factors for poor prognosis. Furthermore, interference with HM13 expression in Huh-7 and HCCLM3 cells significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that HM13 is a potential pan-cancer prognostic marker, thus providing a new dimension for understanding tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenli Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangyin Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
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Zhang G, Lv X, Yang Q, Liu H. Identification of HM13 as a prognostic indicator and a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:888. [PMID: 35964022 PMCID: PMC9375928 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09987-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histocompatibility minor 13 (HM13) is a signal sequence stubbed intramembrane cleavage catalytic protein that is essential for cell signaling, intracellular communication, and cancer. However, the expression of HM13 and its prognostic value, association with tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) in the microenvironment, and potential to predict immunotherapeutic response in HCC are unknown. Methods The HM13 expression, clinicopathology analysis, and its influence on survival were analyzed in multiple public databases and further verified in collected HCC and normal tissues by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry staining assay (IHC). Furthermore, the lentivirus vector encoding HM13-shRNA to manipulate HM13 expression was selected to investigate whether HM13 could influence the malignant growth and metastasis potential of HCC cells. Finally, significant impacts of HM13 on the HCC tumor microenvironment (TME) and reaction to immune checkpoint inhibitors were analyzed. Results Upregulated HM13 was substantially correlated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC, and could facilitate the proliferation and migratory potential of HCC cells. Additionally, patients with high HM13 expression might be more sensitive to immunotherapy. Conclusions HM13 might be a prognostic biomarker and potential molecular therapeutic target for HCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09987-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genhao Zhang
- Department of Blood transfusion, Zhengzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianping Lv
- Department of Blood transfusion, Zhengzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiankun Yang
- Department of Blood transfusion, Zhengzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongchun Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Zhengzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
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Schwake C, Hyon M, Chishti AH. Signal peptide peptidase: A potential therapeutic target for parasitic and viral infections. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:261-273. [PMID: 35235480 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2047932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) is a GxGD-type intramembrane-cleaving aspartyl protease responsible for clearing accumulating signal peptides in the endoplasmic reticulum. SPP is conserved among all kingdoms and is essential for maintaining cell homeostasis. Inhibition of SPP with selective inhibitors and the structurally similar HIV protease inhibitors results in signal peptide accumulation and subsequent cell death. Identification of SPP homologues in major human parasitic infections has opened a new therapeutic opportunity. Moreover, the essentiality of mammalian SPP-mediated viral protein processing during infection is emerging. AREAS COVERED This review introduces the discovery and biological function of human SPP enzymes and identify parasitic homologues as pharmacological targets of both SPP and HIV protease inhibitors. Later, the role of mammalian SPP during viral infection and how disruption of host SPP can be employed as a novel antiviral therapy are examined and discussed. EXPERT OPINION Parasitic and viral infections cause severe health and economic burden, exacerbated by the lack of new therapeutics in the pipeline. SPP has been shown to be essential for malaria parasite growth and encouraging evidence in other parasites demonstrates broad essentiality of these proteases as therapeutic targets. As drug resistant parasite and viruses emerge, SPP inhibition will provide a new generation of compounds to counter the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Schwake
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Hyon
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Athar H Chishti
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Voogd L, Ruibal P, Ottenhoff TH, Joosten SA. Antigen presentation by MHC-E: a putative target for vaccination? Trends Immunol 2022; 43:355-365. [PMID: 35370095 PMCID: PMC9058203 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The essentially monomorphic human antigen presentation molecule HLA-E is an interesting candidate target to enable vaccination irrespective of genetic diversity. Predictive HLA-E peptide-binding motifs have been refined to facilitate HLA-E peptide discovery. HLA-E can accommodate structurally divergent peptides of both self and microbial origin. Intracellular processing and presentation pathways for peptides by HLA-E for T cell receptor (TCR) recognition remain to be elucidated. Recent studies show that, unlike canonical peptides, inhibition of the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP) is essential to allow HLA-E antigen presentation in cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and possibly also of other non-canonical peptides. We propose three alternative and TAP-independent MHC-E antigen-presentation pathways, including for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. These insights may help in designing potential HLA-E targeting vaccines against tumors and pathogens.
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Wang S, Jaggi U, Tormanen K, Hirose S, Ghiasi H. Absence of signal peptide peptidase in peripheral sensory neurons affects latency-reactivation in HSV-1 ocularly infected mice. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010281. [PMID: 35100323 PMCID: PMC8830783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that HSV-1 infectivity in vitro and in vivo requires HSV glycoprotein K (gK) binding to the ER signal peptide peptidase (SPP). Anterograde-retrograde transport via peripheral nerves between the site of infection (i.e., eye) and the site of latency (neurons) is a critical process to establish latency and subsequent viral reactivation. Given the essential role of neurons in HSV-1 latency-reactivation, we generated mice lacking SPP specifically in peripheral sensory neurons by crossing Advillin-Cre mice with SPPfl/fl mice. Expression of SPP mRNA and protein were significantly lower in neurons of Avil-SPP-/- mice than in control mice despite similar levels of HSV-1 replication in the eyes of Avil-SPP-/- mice and control mice. Viral transcript levels in isolated neurons of infected mice on days 2 and 5 post infection were lower than in control mice. Significantly less LAT, gB, and PD-1 expression was seen during latency in isolated neurons and total trigeminal ganglia (TG) of Avil-SPP-/- mice than in control mice. Finally, reduced latency and reduced T cell exhaustion in infected Avil-SPP-/- mice correlated with slower and no reactivation. Overall, our results suggest that blocking SPP expression in peripheral sensory neurons does not affect primary virus replication or eye disease but does reduce latency-reactivation. Thus, blocking of gK binding to SPP may be a useful tool to reduce latency-reactivation. HSV-1 gK and the ER protein SPP are both essential and highly conserved proteins. Their interaction is important for virus infectivity in vitro and in vivo. To evaluate the importance of gK binding to SPP in the peripheral nervous system, we generated SPP conditional knockout mice in peripheral nervous system using Advillin-Cre mice. The absence of SPP in peripheral nervous system significantly reduced latency-reactivation as well as T cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Wang
- Center for Neurobiology & Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ujjaldeep Jaggi
- Center for Neurobiology & Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kati Tormanen
- Center for Neurobiology & Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Satoshi Hirose
- Center for Neurobiology & Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Homayon Ghiasi
- Center for Neurobiology & Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Petti LM, Koleske BN, DiMaio D. Activation of the PDGF β Receptor by a Persistent Artificial Signal Peptide. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167223. [PMID: 34474086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Most eukaryotic transmembrane and secreted proteins contain N-terminal signal peptides that mediate insertion of the nascent translation products into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. After membrane insertion, signal peptides typically are cleaved from the mature protein and degraded. Here, we tested whether a small hydrophobic protein selected for growth promoting activity in mammalian cells retained transforming activity while also acting as a signal peptide. We replaced the signal peptide of the PDGF β receptor (PDGFβR) with a previously described 29-residue artificial transmembrane protein named 9C3 that can activate the PDGFβR in trans. We showed that a modified version of 9C3 at the N-terminus of the PDGFβR can function as a signal peptide, as assessed by its ability to support high level expression, glycosylation, and cell surface localization of the PDGFβR. The 9C3 signal peptide retains its ability to interact with the transmembrane domain of the PDGFβR and cause receptor activation and cell proliferation. Cleavage of the 9C3 signal peptide from the mature receptor is not required for these activities. However, signal peptide cleavage does occur in some molecules, and the cleaved signal peptide can persist in cells and activate a co-expressed PDGFβR in trans. Our finding that a hydrophobic sequence can display signal peptide and transforming activity suggest that some naturally occurring signal peptides may also display additional biological activities by interacting with the transmembrane domains of target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Petti
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208005, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA
| | - Benjamin N Koleske
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208005, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208024, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA
| | - Daniel DiMaio
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208005, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208024, New Haven, CT 06520-8024, USA; Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208040, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA; Yale Cancer Center, PO Box 208028, New Haven, CT 06520-8028, USA.
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15
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Preparation of a Deuterated Membrane Protein for Small-Angle Neutron Scattering. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 33877630 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1394-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
This chapter outlines a protocol developed to prepare a purified deuterated membrane protein for a small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiment. SANS is a noninvasive technique well suited to studying membrane protein solution structures, and deuteration enhances the signal from the protein over the background (Breyton et al., Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 36 (7):71, 2013; Garg et al., Biophys J 101 (2):370-377, 2011). We present our workflow: transformation of our plasmid into E. coli, cell growth and expression of our deuterated protein, membrane isolation, detergent solubilization, protein purification, purity assessment, and final preparation for SANS.
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16
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Hepatitis C virus modulates signal peptide peptidase to alter host protein processing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2026184118. [PMID: 34035171 PMCID: PMC8179148 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026184118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which hepatitis C virus (HCV) evades immune surveillance and causes chronic infection is unclear. We demonstrate here that HCV core protein interferes with the maturation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I catalyzed by signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and induces degradation via HMG-CoA reductase degradation 1 homolog. In addition, we found that the core protein transmembrane domain is homologous to the human cytomegalovirus US2 protein, whose transmembrane region also targets SPP to impair MHC class I molecule expression in a similar manner. Therefore, our data suggest that SPP represents a potential target for the impairment of MHC class I molecules by DNA and RNA viruses. Immunoevasins are viral proteins that prevent antigen presentation on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, thus evading host immune recognition. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) evades immune surveillance to induce chronic infection; however, how HCV-infected hepatocytes affect immune cells and evade immune recognition remains unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that HCV core protein functions as an immunoevasin. Its expression interfered with the maturation of MHC class I molecules catalyzed by the signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and induced their degradation via HMG-CoA reductase degradation 1 homolog, thereby impairing antigen presentation to CD8+ T cells. The expression of MHC class I in the livers of HCV core transgenic mice and chronic hepatitis C patients was impaired but was restored in patients achieving sustained virological response. Finally, we show that the human cytomegalovirus US2 protein, possessing a transmembrane region structurally similar to the HCV core protein, targets SPP to impair MHC class I molecule expression. Thus, SPP represents a potential target for the impairment of MHC class I molecules by DNA and RNA viruses.
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17
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Papadopoulou AA, Fluhrer R. Signaling Functions of Intramembrane Aspartyl-Proteases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:591787. [PMID: 33381526 PMCID: PMC7768045 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.591787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramembrane proteolysis is more than a mechanism to “clean” the membranes from proteins no longer needed. By non-reversibly modifying transmembrane proteins, intramembrane cleaving proteases hold key roles in multiple signaling pathways and often distinguish physiological from pathological conditions. Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and signal peptide peptidase-like proteases (SPPLs) recently have been associated with multiple functions in the field of signal transduction. SPP/SPPLs together with presenilins (PSs) are the only two families of intramembrane cleaving aspartyl proteases known in mammals. PS1 or PS2 comprise the catalytic center of the γ-secretase complex, which is well-studied in the context of Alzheimer's disease. The mammalian SPP/SPPL family of intramembrane cleaving proteases consists of five members: SPP and its homologous proteins SPPL2a, SPPL2b, SPPL2c, and SPPL3. Although these proteases were discovered due to their homology to PSs, it became evident in the past two decades that no physiological functions are shared between these two families. Based on studies in cell culture models various substrates of SPP/SPPL proteases have been identified in the past years and recently-developed mouse lines lacking individual members of this protease family, will help to further clarify the physiological functions of these proteases. In this review we concentrate on signaling roles of mammalian intramembrane cleaving aspartyl proteases. In particular, we will highlight the signaling roles of PS via its substrates NOTCH, VEGF, and others, mainly focusing on its involvement in vasculature. Delineating also signaling pathways that are affected and/or controlled by SPP/SPPL proteases. From SPP's participation in tumor progression and survival, to SPPL3's regulation of protein glycosylation and SPPL2c's control over cellular calcium stores, various crossovers between proteolytic activity of intramembrane proteases and cell signaling will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkmini A Papadopoulou
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Regina Fluhrer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
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18
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Odales J, Guzman Valle J, Martínez-Cortés F, Manoutcharian K. Immunogenic properties of immunoglobulin superfamily members within complex biological networks. Cell Immunol 2020; 358:104235. [PMID: 33137645 PMCID: PMC7548077 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-based therapies induce CDR-specific T and B cell responses. Idiotype-anti-idiotype network alters immune system memory compartment. Antigenized antibodies are efficient vaccine immunogen.
Antibodies, T cell receptors and major histocompatibility complex molecules are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily and have pivotal roles in the immune system. The fine interrelation between them regulates several immune functions. Here, we describe lesser-known functions ascribed to these molecules in generating and maintaining immune response. Particularly, we outline the contribution of antibody- and T cell receptor-derived complementarity-determining region neoantigens, antigenized antibodies, as well as major histocompatibility complex class I molecules-derived epitopes to the induction of protective/therapeutic immune responses against pathogens and cancer. We discuss findings of our own and other studies describing protective mechanisms, based on immunogenic properties of immunoglobulin superfamily members, and evaluate the perspectives of application of this class of immunogens in molecular vaccines design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Odales
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), AP 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Jesus Guzman Valle
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), AP 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Fernando Martínez-Cortés
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), AP 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Karen Manoutcharian
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), AP 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF 04510, Mexico.
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19
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Souza AS, Sonon P, Paz MA, Tokplonou L, Lima THA, Porto IOP, Andrade HS, Silva NDSB, Veiga-Castelli LC, Oliveira MLG, Sadissou IA, Massaro JD, Moutairou KA, Donadi EA, Massougbodji A, Garcia A, Ibikounlé M, Meyer D, Sabbagh A, Mendes-Junior CT, Courtin D, Castelli EC. Hla-C genetic diversity and evolutionary insights in two samples from Brazil and Benin. HLA 2020; 96:468-486. [PMID: 32662221 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-C (HLA-C) is a classical HLA class I molecule that binds and presents peptides to cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the cell surface. HLA-C has a dual function because it also interacts with Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) receptors expressed in natural killer and T cells, modulating their activity. The structure and diversity of the HLA-C regulatory regions, as well as the relationship among variants along the HLA-C locus, are poorly addressed, and few population-based studies explored the HLA-C variability in the entire gene in different population samples. Here we present a molecular and bioinformatics method to evaluate the entire HLA-C diversity, including regulatory sequences. Then, we applied this method to survey the HLA-C diversity in two population samples with different demographic histories, one highly admixed from Brazil with major European contribution, and one from Benin with major African contribution. The HLA-C promoter and 3'UTR were very polymorphic with the presence of few, but highly divergent haplotypes. These segments also present conserved sequences that are shared among different primate species. Nucleotide diversity was higher in other segments rather than exons 2 and 3, particularly around exon 5 and the second half of the 3'UTR region. We detected evidence of balancing selection on the entire HLA-C locus and positive selection in the HLA-C leader peptide, for both populations. HLA-C motifs previously associated with KIR interaction and expression regulation are similar between both populations. Each allele group is associated with specific regulatory sequences, reflecting the high linkage disequilibrium along the entire HLA-C locus in both populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S Souza
- Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory-Experimental Research Unity, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.,Genetics Program, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulin Sonon
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Programa de Imunologia Básica e Aplicada (IBA), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle A Paz
- Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory-Experimental Research Unity, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.,Pathology Program, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Léonidas Tokplonou
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 261 MERIT, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance, Cotonou, Benin.,Département de Zoologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Thálitta H A Lima
- Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory-Experimental Research Unity, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.,Genetics Program, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iane O P Porto
- Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory-Experimental Research Unity, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.,Pathology Program, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloisa S Andrade
- Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory-Experimental Research Unity, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.,Genetics Program, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nayane Dos S B Silva
- Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory-Experimental Research Unity, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.,Pathology Program, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana C Veiga-Castelli
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza G Oliveira
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ibrahim Abiodoun Sadissou
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Programa de Imunologia Básica e Aplicada (IBA), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Doblas Massaro
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Programa de Imunologia Básica e Aplicada (IBA), Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kabirou A Moutairou
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Cellulaire, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Eduardo A Donadi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Achille Massougbodji
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance, Cotonou, Benin
| | - André Garcia
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 261 MERIT, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Moudachirou Ibikounlé
- Département de Zoologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Diogo Meyer
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Audrey Sabbagh
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 261 MERIT, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Celso T Mendes-Junior
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David Courtin
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 261 MERIT, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Erick C Castelli
- Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory-Experimental Research Unity, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.,Genetics Program, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.,Pathology Program, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Signal Peptide Peptidase-Type Proteases: Versatile Regulators with Functions Ranging from Limited Proteolysis to Protein Degradation. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5063-5078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Leong S, Zhao Y, Ribeiro-Rodrigues R, Jones-López EC, Acuña-Villaorduña C, Rodrigues PM, Palaci M, Alland D, Dietze R, Ellner JJ, Johnson WE, Salgame P. Cross-validation of existing signatures and derivation of a novel 29-gene transcriptomic signature predictive of progression to TB in a Brazilian cohort of household contacts of pulmonary TB. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2020; 120:101898. [PMID: 32090859 PMCID: PMC7066850 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.101898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify individuals at risk of progression and reactivation among household contacts (HHC) of pulmonary TB cases in Vitoria, Brazil. We first evaluated the predictive performance of six published signatures on the transcriptional dataset obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from HHC that either progressed to TB disease or not (non-progressors) during a five-year follow-up. The area under the curve (AUC) values for the six signatures ranged from 0.670 to 0.461, and the PPVs did not reach the WHO published target product profiles (TPPs). We therefore used as training cohort the earliest time-point samples from the African cohort of adolescents (GSE79362) and applied an ensemble feature selection pipeline to derive a novel 29-gene signature (PREDICT29). PREDICT29 was tested on 16 progressors and 21 non-progressors. PREDICT29 performed better in segregating progressors from non-progressors in the Brazil cohort with the area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.911 and PPV of 20%. This proof of concept study demonstrates that PREDICT29 can predict risk of progression/reactivation to clinical TB disease in recently exposed individuals at least 5 years prior to disease development. Upon validation in larger and geographically diverse cohorts, PREDICT29 can be used to risk-stratify recently infected for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Leong
- Centre for Emerging Pathogens, Department of Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yue Zhao
- Division of Computational Biomedicine and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Moises Palaci
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas – UFES, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - David Alland
- Centre for Emerging Pathogens, Department of Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | | | - Jerrold J. Ellner
- Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W. Evan Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA
- Corresponding Author: Padmini Salgame, Center for Emerging Pathogens, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 225 Warren Street, ICPH Room W250H, Newark, NJ 07103.
| | - Padmini Salgame
- Centre for Emerging Pathogens, Department of Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Corresponding Author: Padmini Salgame, Center for Emerging Pathogens, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 225 Warren Street, ICPH Room W250H, Newark, NJ 07103.
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22
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Kühnle N, Dederer V, Lemberg MK. Intramembrane proteolysis at a glance: from signalling to protein degradation. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/16/jcs217745. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.217745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Over the last two decades, a group of unusual proteases, so-called intramembrane proteases, have become increasingly recognized for their unique ability to cleave peptide bonds within cellular membranes. They are found in all kingdoms of life and fulfil versatile functions ranging from protein maturation, to activation of signalling molecules, to protein degradation. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we focus on intramembrane proteases in mammalian cells. By comparing intramembrane proteases in different cellular organelles, we set out to review their functions within the context of the roles of individual cellular compartments. Additionally, we exemplify their mode of action in relation to known substrates by distinguishing cleavage events that promote degradation of substrate from those that release active domains from the membrane bilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Kühnle
- Centre for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Dederer
- Centre for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius K. Lemberg
- Centre for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Naing SH, Oliver RC, Weiss KL, Urban VS, Lieberman RL. Solution Structure of an Intramembrane Aspartyl Protease via Small Angle Neutron Scattering. Biophys J 2019; 114:602-608. [PMID: 29414706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramembrane aspartyl proteases (IAPs) comprise one of four families of integral membrane proteases that hydrolyze substrates within the hydrophobic lipid bilayer. IAPs include signal peptide peptidase, which processes remnant signal peptides from nascent polypeptides in the endoplasmic reticulum, and presenilin, the catalytic component of the γ-secretase complex that processes Notch and amyloid precursor protein. Despite their broad biomedical reach, basic structure-function relationships of IAPs remain active areas of research. Characterization of membrane-bound proteins is notoriously challenging due to their inherently hydrophobic character. For IAPs, oligomerization state in solution is one outstanding question, with previous proposals for monomer, dimer, tetramer, and octamer. Here we used small angle neutron scattering (SANS) to characterize n-dodecyl-β-D-maltopyranoside (DDM) detergent solutions containing and absent a microbial IAP ortholog. A unique feature of SANS is the ability to modulate the solvent composition to mask all but the enzyme of interest. The signal from the IAP was enhanced by deuteration and, uniquely, scattering from DDM and buffers were matched by the use of both tail-deuterated DDM and D2O. The radius of gyration calculated for IAP and the corresponding ab initio consensus model are consistent with a monomer. The model is slightly smaller than the crystallographic IAP monomer, suggesting a more compact protein in solution compared with the crystal lattice. Our study provides direct insight into the oligomeric state of purified IAP in surfactant solution, and demonstrates the utility of fully contrast-matching the detergent in SANS to characterize other intramembrane proteases and their membrane-bound substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swe-Htet Naing
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ryan C Oliver
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Kevin L Weiss
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Volker S Urban
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
| | - Raquel L Lieberman
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.
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24
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Wang F, Hu X, Zhou B. Structural characterization of plasmodial aminopeptidase: a combined molecular docking and QSAR-based in silico approaches. Mol Divers 2019; 23:965-984. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-019-09921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Duan GF, Ye Y, Xu S, Tao W, Zhao S, Jin T, Nicoll RA, Shi YS, Sheng N. Signal peptide represses GluK1 surface and synaptic trafficking through binding to amino-terminal domain. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4879. [PMID: 30451858 PMCID: PMC6242971 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Kainate-type glutamate receptors play critical roles in excitatory synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity in the brain. GluK1 and GluK2 possess fundamentally different capabilities in surface trafficking as well as synaptic targeting in hippocampal CA1 neurons. Here we find that the excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) are significantly increased by the chimeric GluK1(SPGluK2) receptor, in which the signal peptide of GluK1 is replaced with that of GluK2. Coexpression of GluK1 signal peptide completely suppresses the gain in trafficking ability of GluK1(SPGluK2), indicating that the signal peptide represses receptor trafficking in a trans manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the signal peptide directly interacts with the amino-terminal domain (ATD) to inhibit the synaptic and surface expression of GluK1. Thus, we have uncovered a trafficking mechanism for kainate receptors and propose that the cleaved signal peptide behaves as a ligand of GluK1, through binding with the ATD, to repress forward trafficking of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Fang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, and Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Yaxin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Sha Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Wucheng Tao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, CA, USA
| | - Shiping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230007, China
| | - Roger A Nicoll
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, CA, USA
| | - Yun Stone Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, and Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China.
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China.
| | - Nengyin Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
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26
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Pine SR. Rethinking Gamma-secretase Inhibitors for Treatment of Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer: Is Notch the Target? Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:6136-6141. [PMID: 30104200 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men and women. γ-Secretase inhibitors, a class of small-molecule compounds that target the Notch pathway, have been tested to treat non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in preclinical and clinical trials. Although γ-secretase inhibitors elicit a response in some tumors as single agents and sensitize NSCLC to cytotoxic and targeted therapies, they have not yet been approved for NSCLC therapy. We discuss our recently published preclinical study using the γ-secretase inhibitor AL101, formerly BMS906024, on cell lines and PDX models of NSCLC, primarily lung adenocarcinoma. We propose that Notch pathway mutations may not be the most suitable biomarker for predicting NSCLC response to γ-secretase inhibitors. γ-Secretases have over 100 known γ-secretase cleavage substrates. Many of the γ-secretase substrates are directly involved in carcinogenesis or tumor progression, and are ideal candidates to be the "on-target" biomarkers for γ-secretase inhibitors. We propose the need to systematically test the γ-secretase and other targets as potential biomarkers for sensitivity before continuing clinical trials. Now that we have entered the postgenome/transcriptome era, this goal is easily attainable. Discovery of the biomarker(s) that predict sensitivity to γ-secretase inhibitors would guide selection of the responder population that is most likely to benefit and move the compounds closer to approval for therapeutic use in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R Pine
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey. .,Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
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27
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Kronenberg-Versteeg D, Eichmann M, Russell MA, de Ru A, Hehn B, Yusuf N, van Veelen PA, Richardson SJ, Morgan NG, Lemberg MK, Peakman M. Molecular Pathways for Immune Recognition of Preproinsulin Signal Peptide in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2018; 67:687-696. [PMID: 29343547 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The signal peptide region of preproinsulin (PPI) contains epitopes targeted by HLA-A-restricted (HLA-A0201, A2402) cytotoxic T cells as part of the pathogenesis of β-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes. We extended the discovery of the PPI epitope to disease-associated HLA-B*1801 and HLA-B*3906 (risk) and HLA-A*1101 and HLA-B*3801 (protective) alleles, revealing that four of six alleles present epitopes derived from the signal peptide region. During cotranslational translocation of PPI, its signal peptide is cleaved and retained within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, implying it is processed for immune recognition outside of the canonical proteasome-directed pathway. Using in vitro translocation assays with specific inhibitors and gene knockout in PPI-expressing target cells, we show that PPI signal peptide antigen processing requires signal peptide peptidase (SPP). The intramembrane protease SPP generates cytoplasm-proximal epitopes, which are transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), ER-luminal epitopes, which are TAP independent, each presented by different HLA class I molecules and N-terminal trimmed by ER aminopeptidase 1 for optimal presentation. In vivo, TAP expression is significantly upregulated and correlated with HLA class I hyperexpression in insulin-containing islets of patients with type 1 diabetes. Thus, PPI signal peptide epitopes are processed by SPP and loaded for HLA-guided immune recognition via pathways that are enhanced during disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Kronenberg-Versteeg
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, U.K.
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Martin Eichmann
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Mark A Russell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Arnoud de Ru
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Beate Hehn
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norkhairin Yusuf
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Peter A van Veelen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Marius K Lemberg
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Peakman
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, U.K
- National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, U.K
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28
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Naing SH, Kalyoncu S, Smalley DM, Kim H, Tao X, George JB, Jonke AP, Oliver RC, Urban VS, Torres MP, Lieberman RL. Both positional and chemical variables control in vitro proteolytic cleavage of a presenilin ortholog. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4653-4663. [PMID: 29382721 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic details of intramembrane aspartyl protease (IAP) chemistry, which is central to many biological and pathogenic processes, remain largely obscure. Here, we investigated the in vitro kinetics of a microbial intramembrane aspartyl protease (mIAP) fortuitously acting on the renin substrate angiotensinogen and the C-terminal transmembrane segment of amyloid precursor protein (C100), which is cleaved by the presenilin subunit of γ-secretase, an Alzheimer disease (AD)-associated IAP. mIAP variants with substitutions in active-site and putative substrate-gating residues generally exhibit impaired, but not abolished, activity toward angiotensinogen and retain the predominant cleavage site (His-Thr). The aromatic ring, but not the hydroxyl substituent, within Tyr of the catalytic Tyr-Asp (YD) motif plays a catalytic role, and the hydrolysis reaction incorporates bulk water as in soluble aspartyl proteases. mIAP hydrolyzes the transmembrane region of C100 at two major presenilin cleavage sites, one corresponding to the AD-associated Aβ42 peptide (Ala-Thr) and the other to the non-pathogenic Aβ48 (Thr-Leu). For the former site, we observed more favorable kinetics in lipid bilayer-mimicking bicelles than in detergent solution, indicating that substrate-lipid and substrate-enzyme interactions both contribute to catalytic rates. High-resolution MS analyses across four substrates support a preference for threonine at the scissile bond. However, results from threonine-scanning mutagenesis of angiotensinogen demonstrate a competing positional preference for cleavage. Our results indicate that IAP cleavage is controlled by both positional and chemical factors, opening up new avenues for selective IAP inhibition for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swe-Htet Naing
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Sibel Kalyoncu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - David M Smalley
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Hyojung Kim
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Xingjian Tao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Josh B George
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Alex P Jonke
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Ryan C Oliver
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Volker S Urban
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Matthew P Torres
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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29
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Braitbard O, Roniger M, Bar-Sinai A, Rajchman D, Gross T, Abramovitch H, La Ferla M, Franceschi S, Lessi F, Naccarato AG, Mazzanti CM, Bevilacqua G, Hochman J. A new immunization and treatment strategy for mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) associated cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 7:21168-80. [PMID: 26934560 PMCID: PMC5008276 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV) causes mammary carcinoma or lymphoma in mice. An increasing body of evidence in recent years supports its involvement also in human sporadic breast cancer. It is thus of importance to develop new strategies to impair the development, growth and metastasis of MMTV-associated cancers. The signal peptide of the envelope precursor protein of this virus: MMTV-p14 (p14) is an excellent target for such strategies, due to unique characteristics distinct from its regular endoplasmic reticulum targeting function. These include cell surface expression in: murine cancer cells that harbor the virus, human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells that ectopically express p14, as well as cultured human cells derived from an invasive ductal breast carcinoma positive for MMTV sequences. These findings support its use in signal peptide-based immune targeting. Indeed, priming and boosting mice with p14 elicits a specific anti-signal peptide immune response sufficient for protective vaccination against MMTV-associated tumors. Furthermore, passive immunization using a combination of anti-p14 monoclonal antibodies or the transfer of T-cells from immunized mice (Adoptive Cell Transfer) is also therapeutically effective. With reports demonstrating involvement of MMTV in human breast cancer, we propose the immune-mediated targeting of p14 as a strategy for prevention, treatment and diagnosis of MMTV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori Braitbard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maayan Roniger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Allan Bar-Sinai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dana Rajchman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Gross
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hillel Abramovitch
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Generoso Bevilacqua
- FPS - Pisa Science Foundation, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jacob Hochman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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30
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Kooijman S, Brummelman J, van Els CACM, Marino F, Heck AJR, Mommen GPM, Metz B, Kersten GFA, Pennings JLA, Meiring HD. Novel identified aluminum hydroxide-induced pathways prove monocyte activation and pro-inflammatory preparedness. J Proteomics 2018; 175:144-155. [PMID: 29317357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum-based adjuvants are the most widely used adjuvants in human vaccines. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of action of aluminum adjuvants at the molecular level, however, is still elusive. Here, we unravel the effects of aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 by a systems-wide analysis of the Al(OH)3-induced monocyte response. Cell response analysis by cytokine release was combined with (targeted) transcriptome and full proteome analysis. Results from this comprehensive study revealed two novel pathways to become activated upon monocyte stimulation with Al(OH)3: the first pathway was IFNβ signaling possibly induced by DAMP sensing pathways like TLR or NOD1 activation, and second the HLA class I antigen processing and presentation pathway. Furthermore, known mechanisms of the adjuvant activity of Al(OH)3 were elucidated in more detail such as inflammasome and complement activation, homeostasis and HLA-class II upregulation, possibly related to increased IFNγ gene expression. Altogether, our study revealed which immunological pathways are activated upon stimulation of monocytes with Al(OH)3, refining our knowledge on the adjuvant effect of Al(OH)3 in primary monocytes. SIGNIFICANCE Aluminum salts are the most used adjuvants in human vaccines but a comprehensive understanding of the working mechanism of alum adjuvants at the molecular level is still elusive. Our Systems Vaccinology approach, combining complementary molecular biological, immunological and mass spectrometry-based techniques gave a detailed insight in the molecular mechanisms and pathways induced by Al(OH)3 in primary monocytes. Several novel immunological relevant cellular pathways were identified: type I interferon secretion potentially induced by TLR and/or NOD like signaling, the activation of the inflammasome and the HLA Class-I and Class-II antigen presenting pathways induced by IFNγ. This study highlights the mechanisms of the most commonly used adjuvant in human vaccines by combing proteomics, transcriptomics and cytokine analysis revealing new potential mechanisms of action for Al(OH)3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sietske Kooijman
- Intravacc, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Brummelman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile A C M van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Marino
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, The Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Gideon F A Kersten
- Intravacc, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen L A Pennings
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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31
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Schaefer B, Moriishi K, Behrends S. Insights into the mechanism of isoenzyme-specific signal peptide peptidase-mediated translocation of heme oxygenase. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188344. [PMID: 29155886 PMCID: PMC5695791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has recently been shown that signal peptide peptidase (SPP) can catalyze the intramembrane cleavage of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) that leads to translocation of HO-1 into the cytosol and nucleus. While there is consensus that translocated HO-1 promotes tumor progression and drug resistance, the physiological signals leading to SPP-mediated intramembrane cleavage of HO-1 and the specificity of the process remain unclear. In this study, we used co-immunoprecipitation and confocal laser scanning microscopy to investigate the translocation mechanism of HO-1 and its regulation by SPP. We show that HO-1 and the closely related HO-2 isoenzyme bind to SPP under normoxic conditions. Under hypoxic conditions SPP mediates intramembrane cleavage of HO-1, but not HO-2. In experiments with an inactive HO-1 mutant (H25A) we show that translocation is independent of the catalytic activity of HO-1. Studies with HO-1 / HO-2 chimeras indicate that the membrane anchor, the PEST-domain and the nuclear shuttle sequence of HO-1 are necessary for full cleavage and subsequent translocation under hypoxic conditions. In the presence of co-expressed exogenous SPP, the anchor and the PEST-domain are sufficient for translocation. Taken together, we identified the domains involved in HO-1 translocation and showed that SPP-mediated cleavage is isoform-specific and independent of HO-activity. A closer understanding of the translocation mechanism of HO-1 is of particular importance because nuclear HO-1 seems to lead to tumor progression and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Schaefer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig—Institute of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kohji Moriishi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Yamanashi University, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Soenke Behrends
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Braunschweig—Institute of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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32
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Wei JW, Cai JQ, Fang C, Tan YL, Huang K, Yang C, Chen Q, Jiang CL, Kang CS. Signal Peptide Peptidase, Encoded by HM13, Contributes to Tumor Progression by Affecting EGFRvIII Secretion Profiles in Glioblastoma. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:257-265. [PMID: 28198167 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS EGFRvIII is the most prevalent glioblastoma mutation, occurring in more than 25% of glioblastomas. EGFRvIII cells release microvesicles that contain proteins, miRNAs, and mRNAs that enhance the growth and survival of surrounding tumor cells. However, little is known about the maturation process and regulatory mechanisms of secreted vesicles in EGFRvIII cells. METHODS Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) provides a fascinating mechanism for protein cleavage and subsequent dislocation in the endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane domain. RESULTS In this study, we reported that SPP facilitates the secretion of cytokines in vitro and promotes tumor progression in mice. Human cytokine antibody arrays revealed that EGFRvIII secreted higher levels of cytokines, but these levels were significantly reduced following SPP knockdown, suggesting that cytokines in EGFRvIII secretion profiles play important roles in GBM development. Identical results were confirmed in intracellular maturation tracking of TGF-β1 in mouse serum. Clinically, analyses of GBM patient data from the database revealed that HM13 expression was closely related to patient prognosis and survival, suggesting an influence by the secreted vesicles of EGFRvIII tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our study identifies that SPP affects EGFRvIII secretion profiles and thus promotes tumor progression, providing further understanding of the formation of secreted vesicles and driving role of EGFRvIII in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuro injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin-Quan Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chuan Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Hospital affiliated to Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yan-Li Tan
- College of Fundamental Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuro injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuro injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chuan-Lu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, NanGang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chun-Sheng Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuro injury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Bianchi F, Textor J, van den Bogaart G. Transmembrane Helices Are an Overlooked Source of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Epitopes. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1118. [PMID: 28959259 PMCID: PMC5604083 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
About a fourth of the human proteome is anchored by transmembrane helices (TMHs) to lipid membranes. TMHs require multiple hydrophobic residues for spanning membranes, and this shows a striking resemblance with the requirements for peptide binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. It, therefore, comes as no surprise that bioinformatics analysis predicts an over-representation of TMHs among strong MHC class I (MHC-I) binders. Published peptide elution studies confirm that TMHs are indeed presented by MHC-I. This raises the question how membrane proteins are processed for MHC-I (cross-)presentation, with current research focusing on soluble antigens. The presentation of membrane-buried peptides is likely important in health and disease, as TMHs are considerably conserved and their presentation might prevent escape mutations by pathogens. Therefore, it could contribute to the disease correlations described for many human leukocyte antigen haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans Bianchi
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Johannes Textor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Moriishi K. The potential of signal peptide peptidase as a therapeutic target for hepatitis C. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:827-836. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1369959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Moriishi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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35
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Mentrup T, Fluhrer R, Schröder B. Latest emerging functions of SPP/SPPL intramembrane proteases. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:372-382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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36
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Grigorenko AP, Moliaka YK, Plotnikova OV, Smirnov A, Nikishina VA, Goltsov AY, Gusev F, Andreeva TV, Nelson O, Bezprozvanny I, Rogaev EI. Mutational re-modeling of di-aspartyl intramembrane proteases: uncoupling physiologically-relevant activities from those associated with Alzheimer's disease. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82006-82026. [PMID: 29137240 PMCID: PMC5669866 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intramembrane proteolytic activities of presenilins (PSEN1/PS1 and PSEN2/PS2) underlie production of β-amyloid, the key process in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Dysregulation of presenilin-mediated signaling is linked to cancers. Inhibition of the γ-cleavage activities of PSENs that produce Aβ, but not the ε-like cleavage activity that release physiologically essential transcription activators, is a potential approach for the development of rational therapies for AD. In order to identify whether different activities of PSEN1 can be dissociated, we designed multiple mutations in the evolutionary conserved sites of PSEN1. We tested them in vitro and in vivo assays and compared their activities with mutant isoforms of presenilin-related intramembrane di-aspartyl protease (IMPAS1 (IMP1)/signal peptide peptidase (SPP)). PSEN1 auto-cleavage was more resistant to the mutation remodeling than the ε-like proteolysis. PSEN1 with a G382A or a P433A mutation in evolutionary invariant sites retains functionally important APP ε- and Notch S3- cleavage activities, but G382A inhibits APP γ-cleavage and Aβ production and a P433A elevates Aβ. The G382A variant cannot restore the normal cellular ER Ca2+ leak in PSEN1/PSEN2 double knockout cells, but efficiently rescues the loss-of-function (Egl) phenotype of presenilin in C. elegans. We found that, unlike in PSEN1 knockout cells, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ leak is not changed in the absence of IMP1/SPP. IMP1/SPP with the analogous mutations retained efficiency in cleavage of transmembrane substrates and rescued the lethality of Ce-imp-2 knockouts. In summary, our data show that mutations near the active catalytic sites of intramembrane di-aspartyl proteases have different consequences on proteolytic and signaling functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia P Grigorenko
- Department of Psychiatry, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA.,Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia.,Center for Brain Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Youri K Moliaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA
| | - Olga V Plotnikova
- Department of Psychiatry, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA
| | - Alexander Smirnov
- Department of Psychiatry, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA
| | - Vera A Nikishina
- Department of Psychiatry, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA
| | - Andrey Y Goltsov
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia.,Center for Brain Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Fedor Gusev
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia.,Center for Brain Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Andreeva
- Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia.,Center for Brain Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Omar Nelson
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390-9040, USA
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390-9040, USA
| | - Evgeny I Rogaev
- Department of Psychiatry, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA.,Department of Genomics and Human Genetics, Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia.,Center for Brain Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Center for Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Faculty of Biology, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus glycoprotein precursor is processed by cellular signal peptidase and signal peptide peptidase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:8825-30. [PMID: 27439867 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1603364113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The M genome segment of Bunyamwera virus (BUNV)-the prototype of both the Bunyaviridae family and the Orthobunyavirus genus-encodes the glycoprotein precursor (GPC) that is proteolytically cleaved to yield two viral structural glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, and a nonstructural protein, NSm. The cleavage mechanism of orthobunyavirus GPCs and the host proteases involved have not been clarified. In this study, we investigated the processing of BUNV GPC and found that both NSm and Gc proteins were cleaved at their own internal signal peptides (SPs), in which NSm domain I functions as SP(NSm) and NSm domain V as SP(Gc) Moreover, the domain I was further processed by a host intramembrane-cleaving protease, signal peptide peptidase, and is required for cell fusion activities. Meanwhile, the NSm domain V (SP(Gc)) remains integral to NSm, rendering the NSm topology as a two-membrane-spanning integral membrane protein. We defined the cleavage sites and boundaries between the processed proteins as follows: Gn, from residue 17-312 or nearby residues; NSm, 332-477; and Gc, 478-1433. Our data clarified the mechanism of the precursor cleavage process, which is important for our understanding of viral glycoprotein biogenesis in the genus Orthobunyavirus and thus presents a useful target for intervention strategies.
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38
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Avci D, Lemberg MK. Clipping or Extracting: Two Ways to Membrane Protein Degradation. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 25:611-622. [PMID: 26410407 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein degradation is a fundamentally important process that allows cells to recognize and remove damaged protein species and to regulate protein abundance according to functional need. A fundamental challenge is to understand how membrane proteins are recognized and removed from cellular organelles. While most of our understanding of this mechanism comes from studies on p97/Cdc48-mediated protein dislocation along the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, recent studies have revealed intramembrane proteolysis to be an additional mechanism that can extract transmembrane segments. Here, we review these two principles in membrane protein degradation and discuss how intramembrane proteolysis, which introduces an irreversible step in protein dislocation, is used to drive regulated protein turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dönem Avci
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius K Lemberg
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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39
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Bat-Ochir C, Kwak JY, Koh SK, Jeon MH, Chung D, Lee YW, Chae SK. The signal peptide peptidase SppA is involved in sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage and hypoxia adaptation in Aspergillus nidulans. Mol Microbiol 2016; 100:635-55. [PMID: 26822492 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Using forward genetics, we revealed that the signal peptide peptidase (SPP) SppA, an aspartyl protease involved in regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP), is essential for hypoxia adaptation in Aspergillus nidulans, as well as hypoxia-sensitive mutant alleles of a sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) srbA and the Dsc ubiquitin E3 ligase complex dscA-E. Both null and dead activity [D337A] mutants of sppA failed to grow in hypoxia, and the growth defect of ΔsppA was complemented by nuclear SrbA-N381 expression. Additionally, SppA interacted with SrbA in the endoplasmic reticulum, where SppA localized in normoxia and hypoxia. Expression of the truncated SrbA-N414 covering the SrbA sequence prior to the second transmembrane region rescued the growth of ΔdscA but not of ΔsppA in hypoxia. Unlike ΔdscA and ΔdscA;ΔsppA double mutants, in which SrbA cleavage was blocked, the molecular weight of cleaved SrbA increased in ΔsppA compared to the control strain in immunoblot analyses. Overall, our data demonstrate the sequential cleavage of SrbA by Dsc-linked proteolysis followed by SppA, proposing a new model of RIP for SREBP cleavage in fungal hypoxia adaptation. Furthermore, the function of SppA in hypoxia adaptation was consistent in Aspergillus fumigatus, suggesting the potential roles of SppA in fungal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinbayar Bat-Ochir
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Pai Chai University, Daejeon, 34015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yong Kwak
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Pai Chai University, Daejeon, 34015, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ki Koh
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Pai Chai University, Daejeon, 34015, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Hyang Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Pai Chai University, Daejeon, 34015, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawoon Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Pai Chai University, Daejeon, 34015, Republic of Korea
| | - Yin-Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhn-Kee Chae
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Pai Chai University, Daejeon, 34015, Republic of Korea
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40
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Hamblet CE, Makowski SL, Tritapoe JM, Pomerantz JL. NK Cell Maturation and Cytotoxicity Are Controlled by the Intramembrane Aspartyl Protease SPPL3. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2614-26. [PMID: 26851218 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
NK cell maturation is critical for normal effector function and the innate immune response to tumors and pathogens. However, the molecular pathways that control NK cell maturation remain largely undefined. In this article, we investigate the role of SPPL3, an intramembrane aspartyl protease, in murine NK cell biology. We find that deletion of SPPL3 in the hematopoietic system reduces numbers of peripheral NK cells, clearance of MHC class I-deficient tumors in vivo, and cytotoxicity against tumor cells in vitro. This phenotype is concomitant with reduced numbers of CD27(+)CD11b(+) and CD27(-)CD11b(+) NK cells, indicating a requirement for SPPL3 in efficient NK cell maturation. NK cell-specific deletion of SPPL3 results in the same deficiencies, revealing a cell-autonomous role for SPPL3 in these processes. CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing in murine zygotes was used to generate knockin mice with a catalytically compromised SPPL3 D271A allele. Mice engineered to express only SPPL3 D271A in NK cells phenocopy mice deleted for SPPL3, indicating a requirement for SPPL3 protease activity in NK cell biology. Our results identify SPPL3 as a cell-autonomous molecular determinant of NK cell maturation and expand the role of intramembrane aspartyl proteases in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne E Hamblet
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Stefanie L Makowski
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Julia M Tritapoe
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Joel L Pomerantz
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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Structural biology of intramembrane proteases: mechanistic insights from rhomboid and S2P to γ-secretase. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 37:97-107. [PMID: 26811996 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intramembrane proteases catalyze hydrolysis of peptide bond within the lipid bilayer and play a key role in a variety of cellular processes. These membrane-embedded enzymes comprise four major classes: rhomboid serine proteases, site-2 metalloproteases, Rce1-type glutamyl proteases, and aspartyl proteases exemplified by signal peptide peptidase and γ-secretase. In the past several years, three-dimensional structures of representative members of these four classes of intramembrane protease have been reported at atomic resolutions, which reveal distinct protein folds and active site configurations. These structures, together with structure-guided biochemical analyses, shed light on the working mechanisms of water access and substrate entry. In this review, we discuss the shared as well as unique features of these intramembrane proteases, with a focus on presenilin-the catalytic component of γ-secretase.
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Gertsik N, Chau DM, Li YM. γ-Secretase Inhibitors and Modulators Induce Distinct Conformational Changes in the Active Sites of γ-Secretase and Signal Peptide Peptidase. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1925-31. [PMID: 26030233 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
γ-Secretase inhibitors (GSIs) and modulators (GSMs) are at the frontline of cancer and Alzheimer's disease research, respectively. While both are therapeutically promising, not much is known about their interactions with proteins other than γ-secretase. Signal peptide peptidase (SPP), like γ-secretase, is a multispan transmembrane aspartyl protease that catalyzes regulated intramembrane proteolysis. We used active site-directed photophore walking probes to study the effects of different GSIs and GSMs on the active sites of γ-secretase and SPP and found that nontransition state GSIs inhibit labeling of γ-secretase by activity-based probes but enhance labeling of SPP. The opposite is true of GSMs, which have little effect on the labeling of γ-secretase but diminish labeling of SPP. These results demonstrate that GSIs and GSMs are altering the structure of not only γ-secretase but also SPP, leading to potential changes in enzyme activity and specificity that may impact the clinical outcomes of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Gertsik
- Molecular
Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - De-Ming Chau
- Molecular
Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Clinical
Genetics Unit Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Molecular
Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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43
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Ran Y, Ladd GZ, Ceballos-Diaz C, Jung JI, Greenbaum D, Felsenstein KM, Golde TE. Differential Inhibition of Signal Peptide Peptidase Family Members by Established γ-Secretase Inhibitors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128619. [PMID: 26046535 PMCID: PMC4457840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal peptide peptidases (SPPs) are biomedically important proteases implicated as therapeutic targets for hepatitis C (human SPP, (hSPP)), plasmodium (Plasmodium SPP (pSPP)), and B-cell immunomodulation and neoplasia (signal peptide peptidase like 2a, (SPPL2a)). To date, no drug-like, selective inhibitors have been reported. We use a recombinant substrate based on the amino-terminus of BRI2 fused to amyloid β 1-25 (Aβ1-25) (FBA) to develop facile, cost-effective SPP/SPPL protease assays. Co-transfection of expression plasmids expressing the FBA substrate with SPP/SPPLs were conducted to evaluate cleavage, which was monitored by ELISA, Western Blot and immunoprecipitation/MALDI-TOF Mass spectrometry (IP/MS). No cleavage is detected in the absence of SPP/SPPL overexpression. Multiple γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) and (Z-LL)2 ketone differentially inhibited SPP/SPPL activity; for example, IC50 of LY-411,575 varied from 51±79 nM (on SPPL2a) to 5499±122 nM (on SPPL2b), while Compound E showed inhibition only on hSPP with IC50 of 1465±93 nM. Data generated were predictive of effects observed for endogenous SPPL2a cleavage of CD74 in a murine B-Cell line. Thus, it is possible to differentially inhibit SPP family members. These SPP/SPPL cleavage assays will expedite the search for selective inhibitors. The data also reinforce similarities between SPP family member cleavage and cleavage catalyzed by γ-secretase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ran
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YR); (TG)
| | - Gabriela Z. Ladd
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Carolina Ceballos-Diaz
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Joo In Jung
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Doron Greenbaum
- Pennsylvania Drug Discovery Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kevin M. Felsenstein
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Todd E. Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, and McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YR); (TG)
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Hosseini E, Schwarer AP, Ghasemzadeh M. Do human leukocyte antigen E polymorphisms influence graft-versus-leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation? Exp Hematol 2015; 43:149-57. [PMID: 25434712 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic-stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is complicated by histocompatibility-dependent immune responses such as graft-versus-host disease, relapse, and graft rejection. The severity of these common adverse effects is directly related to the degree of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) incompatibility. In addition to the key role of classic HLA matching in influencing HSCT outcome, several lines of evidence suggest an important role for nonclassic major histocompatibility complex class I molecule, HLA-E. The interaction of HLA-E with NKG2A, its main receptor on natural killer cells, modulates cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cytokine production, an important role in innate immune responses. In addition, the HLA-E molecule can present peptides to different subtypes of T cells that may either support graft-versus-leukemia effects or be involved in bridging innate and acquired immunity. To date, the role of HLA-E and its polymorphisms in HSCT outcomes such as graft-versus-host disease, transplant-related mortality, and improved survival has been published by a number of groups. In addition, these data suggest an association between HLA-E polymorphisms and relapse. Whether the engagement of the HLA-E molecule in the modulation of donor T cells is involved in the graft-versus-leukemia effect, or whether a different mechanism of HLA-E dependent reduction of relapse is involved, requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehteramolsadat Hosseini
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony P Schwarer
- Department of Immunology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mehran Ghasemzadeh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
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Chen CY, Malchus NS, Hehn B, Stelzer W, Avci D, Langosch D, Lemberg MK. Signal peptide peptidase functions in ERAD to cleave the unfolded protein response regulator XBP1u. EMBO J 2014; 33:2492-506. [PMID: 25239945 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201488208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) catalyzes intramembrane proteolysis of signal peptides at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but has also been suggested to play a role in ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Here, we show that SPP forms a complex with the ERAD factor Derlin1 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRC8 to cleave the unfolded protein response (UPR) regulator XBP1u. Cleavage occurs within a so far unrecognized type II transmembrane domain, which renders XBP1u as an SPP substrate through specific sequence features. Additionally, Derlin1 acts in the complex as a substrate receptor by recognizing the luminal tail of XBP1u. Remarkably, this interaction of Derlin1 with XBP1u obviates the need for ectodomain shedding prior to SPP cleavage, commonly required for intramembrane cuts. Furthermore, we show that XBP1u inhibits the UPR transcription factor XBP1s by targeting it toward proteasomal degradation. Thus, we identify an ERAD complex that controls the abundance of XBP1u and thereby tunes signaling through the UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-yi Chen
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicole S Malchus
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Hehn
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Stelzer
- Lehrstuhl für Chemie der Biopolymere, Department für Biowissenschaftliche Grundlagen, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Dönem Avci
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Langosch
- Lehrstuhl für Chemie der Biopolymere, Department für Biowissenschaftliche Grundlagen, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Marius K Lemberg
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany
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Brady OA, Zhou X, Hu F. Regulated intramembrane proteolysis of the frontotemporal lobar degeneration risk factor, TMEM106B, by signal peptide peptidase-like 2a (SPPL2a). J Biol Chem 2014; 289:19670-80. [PMID: 24872421 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.515700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The sequential processing of single pass transmembrane proteins via ectodomain shedding followed by intramembrane proteolysis is involved in a wide variety of signaling processes, as well as maintenance of membrane protein homeostasis. Here we report that the recently identified frontotemporal lobar degeneration risk factor TMEM106B undergoes regulated intramembrane proteolysis. We demonstrate that TMEM106B is readily processed to an N-terminal fragment containing the transmembrane and intracellular domains, and this processing is dependent on the activities of lysosomal proteases. The N-terminal fragment is further processed into a small, rapidly degraded intracellular domain. The GxGD aspartyl proteases SPPL2a and, to a lesser extent, SPPL2b are responsible for this intramembrane cleavage event. Additionally, the TMEM106B paralog TMEM106A is also lysosomally localized; however, it is not a specific substrate of SPPL2a or SPPL2b. Our data add to the growing list of proteins that undergo intramembrane proteolysis and may shed light on the regulation of the frontotemporal lobar degeneration risk factor TMEM106B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen A Brady
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Xiaolai Zhou
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Fenghua Hu
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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47
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Tomita T. Secretase inhibitors and modulators for Alzheimer’s disease treatment. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 9:661-79. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.09.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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48
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Voss M, Schröder B, Fluhrer R. Mechanism, specificity, and physiology of signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and SPP-like proteases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:2828-39. [PMID: 24099004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and the homologous SPP-like (SPPL) proteases SPPL2a, SPPL2b, SPPL2c and SPPL3 belong to the family of GxGD intramembrane proteases. SPP/SPPLs selectively cleave transmembrane domains in type II orientation and do not require additional co-factors for proteolytic activity. Orthologues of SPP and SPPLs have been identified in other vertebrates, plants, and eukaryotes. In line with their diverse subcellular localisations ranging from the ER (SPP, SPPL2c), the Golgi (SPPL3), the plasma membrane (SPPL2b) to lysosomes/late endosomes (SPPL2a), the different members of the SPP/SPPL family seem to exhibit distinct functions. Here, we review the substrates of these proteases identified to date as well as the current state of knowledge about the physiological implications of these proteolytic events as deduced from in vivo studies. Furthermore, the present knowledge on the structure of intramembrane proteases of the SPP/SPPL family, their cleavage mechanism and their substrate requirements are summarised. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Intramembrane Proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Voss
- Adolf Butenandt Institute for Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Schillerstr. 44, 80336 Munich, Germany
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Wolfe MS. Toward the structure of presenilin/γ-secretase and presenilin homologs. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1828:2886-97. [PMID: 24099007 PMCID: PMC3801419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Presenilin is the catalytic component of the γ-secretase complex, a membrane-embedded aspartyl protease that plays a central role in biology and in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Upon assembly with its three protein cofactors (nicastrin, Aph-1 and Pen-2), presenilin undergoes autoproteolysis into two subunits, each of which contributes one of the catalytic aspartates to the active site. A family of presenilin homologs, including signal peptide peptidase, possess proteolytic activity without the need for other protein factors, and these simpler intramembrane aspartyl proteases have given insight into the action of presenilin within the γ-secretase complex. Cellular and molecular studies support a nine-transmembrane topology for presenilins and their homologs, and small-molecule inhibitors and cysteine scanning with crosslinking have suggested certain presenilin residues and regions that contribute to substrate recognition and handling. Identification of partial complexes has also offered clues to protein-protein interactions within the γ-secretase complex. Biophysical methods have allowed 3D views of the γ-secretase complex and presenilins. Most recently, the crystal structure of a microbial presenilin homolog has confirmed a nine-transmembrane topology and intramembranous location and proximity of the two conserved and essential aspartates. The crystal structure also provides a platform for the formulation of specific hypotheses regarding substrate interaction and catalysis as well as the pathogenic mechanism of Alzheimer-causing presenilin mutations. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Intramembrane Proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Wolfe
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, H.I.M. 754, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
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Merino AM, Sabbaj S, Easlick J, Goepfert P, Kaslow RA, Tang J. Dimorphic HLA-B signal peptides differentially influence HLA-E- and natural killer cell-mediated cytolysis of HIV-1-infected target cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 174:414-23. [PMID: 23952339 PMCID: PMC3826307 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a mechanism of self-protection, signal peptides cleaved from human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I products bind to HLA-E before the complex interacts with the natural killer (NK) cell receptor CD94/NKG2A to inhibit NK-mediated cell lysis. Two types of the signal peptides differ in their position 2 (P2) anchor residue, with P2-methionine (P2-M) having higher HLA-E binding affinity than P2-threonine (P2-T). All HLA-A and HLA-C molecules carry P2-M, whereas HLA-B products have either P2-M or P2-T. Epidemiological evidence suggests that P2-M is unfavourable in the context of HIV-1 infection, being associated with accelerated acquisition of HIV-1 infection in two African cohorts. To begin elucidating the functional mechanism, we studied NK-mediated killing of CD4(+) T cells and monocyte-derived macrophages infected with two laboratory-adapted HIV-1 strains and two transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses. In the presence of target cells derived from individuals with the three HLA-B P2 genotypes (M/M, M/T and T/T), NK-mediated cytolysis was elevated consistently for P2-T in a dose-dependent manner for all cell and virus combinations tested (P = 0·008-0·03). Treatment of target cells with an anti-HLA-E monoclonal antibody restored NK-mediated cytolysis of cells expressing P2-M. Observations on cell lysis were also substantiated by measurements of HIV-1 p24 antigen in the culture supernatants. Overall, our experiments indicate that the anti-HIV-1 function mediated by NK cells is compromised by P2-M, corroborating the association of HLA-B genotype encoding P2-M with accelerated HIV-1 acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Merino
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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