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Ziehe D, Wolf A, Rahmel T, Nowak H, Haberl H, Bergmann L, Rump K, Dyck B, Palmowski L, Marko B, Witowski A, Willemsen KM, Pfaender S, Eisenacher M, Anft M, Babel N, Bracht T, Sitek B, Bayer M, Zarbock A, von Groote T, Putensen C, Ehrentraut SF, Weisheit C, Adamzik M, Unterberg M, Koos B. Exploring the relationship between HCMV serostatus and outcomes in COVID-19 sepsis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1386586. [PMID: 38779663 PMCID: PMC11109369 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1386586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis, a life-threatening condition caused by the dysregulated host response to infection, is a major global health concern. Understanding the impact of viral or bacterial pathogens in sepsis is crucial for improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) seropositivity as a risk factor for development of sepsis in patients with COVID-19. Methods A multicenter observational study enrolled 95 intensive care patients with COVID-19-induced sepsis and 80 post-surgery individuals as controls. HCMV serostatus was determined using an ELISA test. Comprehensive clinical data, including demographics, comorbidities, and 30-day mortality, were collected. Statistical analyses evaluated the association between HCMV seropositivity and COVID-19 induced sepsis. Results The prevalence of HCMV seropositivity did not significantly differ between COVID-19-induced sepsis patients (78%) and controls (71%, p = 0.382) in the entire cohort. However, among patients aged ≤60 years, HCMV seropositivity was significantly higher in COVID-19 sepsis patients compared to controls (86% vs 61%, respectively; p = 0.030). Nevertheless, HCMV serostatus did not affect 30-day survival. Discussion These findings confirm the association between HCMV seropositivity and COVID-19 sepsis in non-geriatric patients. However, the lack of an independent effect on 30-day survival can be explained by the cross-reactivity of HCMV specific CD8+ T-cells towards SARS-CoV-2 peptides, which might confer some protection to HCMV seropositive patients. The inclusion of a post-surgery control group strengthens the generalizability of the findings. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this association, explore different patient populations, and identify interventions for optimizing patient management. Conclusion This study validates the association between HCMV seropositivity and severe COVID-19-induced sepsis in non-geriatric patients, contributing to the growing body of evidence on viral pathogens in sepsis. Although HCMV serostatus did not independently influence 30-day survival, future investigations should focus on unraveling the intricate interplay between HCMV, immune responses, and COVID-19. These insights will aid in risk stratification and the development of targeted interventions for viral sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Ziehe
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander Wolf
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tim Rahmel
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hartmuth Nowak
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Helge Haberl
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars Bergmann
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katharina Rump
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Birte Dyck
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars Palmowski
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Britta Marko
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andrea Witowski
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katrin Maria Willemsen
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephanie Pfaender
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Eisenacher
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Medical Proteome Analysis, Center for Proteindiagnostics (PRODI), Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Moritz Anft
- Center for Translational Medicine, Medical Clinic I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Nina Babel
- Center for Translational Medicine, Medical Clinic I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Thilo Bracht
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Barbara Sitek
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Malte Bayer
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Operative Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thilo von Groote
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Operative Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Putensen
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Felix Ehrentraut
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Weisheit
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Adamzik
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Unterberg
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Björn Koos
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Traska AK, Nowacki TM, Vollenberg R, Rennebaum F, Meier JA, Schomacher T, Reinartz Groba SN, Fischer J, Trebicka J, Tepasse PR. Immunomonitoring via ELISPOT Assay Reveals Attenuated T-Cell Immunity to CMV in Immunocompromised Liver-Transplant Patients. Cells 2024; 13:741. [PMID: 38727277 PMCID: PMC11083338 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Assessing immune responses to cytomegalovirus (CMV) after liver transplant in patients on immunosuppressive therapy remains challenging. In this study, employing ELISPOT assays, 52 liver-transplant recipients were evaluated for antiviral T-cell activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), measuring interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion upon stimulation with CMV-specific peptides (CMV peptide pool, CMV IE-1, and pp65 antigens). Parameters such as stimulation index, mean spot size, and mean spot count were measured. The study found that heightened immunosuppression, especially with prednisolone in triple therapy, significantly dampened CMV-specific immune responses. This was demonstrated by decreased IFN-γ production by CMV-specific T-cells (CMV peptide pool: p = 0.036; OR = 0.065 [95% CI: 0.005-0.840], pp65 antigen: p = 0.026; OR = 0.048 [95% CI: 0.003-0.699]). Increased immunosuppression correlated with reduced IFN-γ secretion per cell, reflected in smaller mean spot sizes for the CMV peptide pool (p = 0.019). Notably, shorter post-transplant intervals correlated with diminished antiviral T-cell IFN-γ release at two years (CMV peptide pool: p = 0.019; IE antigen: p = 0.010) and five years (CMV peptide pool: p = 0.0001; IE antigen: p = 0.002; pp65 antigen: p = 0.047), as did advancing age (pp65 antigen: p = 0.016, OR = 0.932, 95% CI: 0.881-0.987). Patients with undetectable CMV antigens had a notably higher risk of CMV reactivation within six months from blood collection, closely linked with triple immunosuppression and prednisolone use. These findings highlight the intricate interplay between immunosuppression, immune response dynamics, and CMV reactivation risk, emphasizing the necessity for tailored immunosuppressive strategies to mitigate CMV reactivation in liver-transplant recipients. It can be concluded that, particularly in the early months post-transplantation, the use of prednisolone as a third immunosuppressant should be critically reconsidered. Additionally, the use of prophylactic antiviral therapy effective against CMV in this context holds significant importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristin Traska
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clinical Infectiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (A.-K.T.); (R.V.); (F.R.); (J.A.M.); (T.S.); (S.N.R.G.); (J.F.); (J.T.)
| | - Tobias Max Nowacki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Marienhospital Steinfurt, 48565 Steinfurt, Germany;
| | - Richard Vollenberg
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clinical Infectiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (A.-K.T.); (R.V.); (F.R.); (J.A.M.); (T.S.); (S.N.R.G.); (J.F.); (J.T.)
| | - Florian Rennebaum
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clinical Infectiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (A.-K.T.); (R.V.); (F.R.); (J.A.M.); (T.S.); (S.N.R.G.); (J.F.); (J.T.)
| | - Jörn Arne Meier
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clinical Infectiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (A.-K.T.); (R.V.); (F.R.); (J.A.M.); (T.S.); (S.N.R.G.); (J.F.); (J.T.)
| | - Tina Schomacher
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clinical Infectiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (A.-K.T.); (R.V.); (F.R.); (J.A.M.); (T.S.); (S.N.R.G.); (J.F.); (J.T.)
| | - Sara Noemi Reinartz Groba
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clinical Infectiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (A.-K.T.); (R.V.); (F.R.); (J.A.M.); (T.S.); (S.N.R.G.); (J.F.); (J.T.)
| | - Julia Fischer
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clinical Infectiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (A.-K.T.); (R.V.); (F.R.); (J.A.M.); (T.S.); (S.N.R.G.); (J.F.); (J.T.)
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clinical Infectiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (A.-K.T.); (R.V.); (F.R.); (J.A.M.); (T.S.); (S.N.R.G.); (J.F.); (J.T.)
| | - Phil-Robin Tepasse
- Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clinical Infectiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (A.-K.T.); (R.V.); (F.R.); (J.A.M.); (T.S.); (S.N.R.G.); (J.F.); (J.T.)
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Abidi MZ, Umbleja T, Overton ET, Burdo T, Flynn JM, Lu MT, Taron J, Schnittman SR, Fitch KV, Zanni MV, Fichtenbaum CJ, Malvestutto C, Aberg JA, Fulda ES, Eckard AR, Manne-Goehler J, Tuan JJ, Ribaudo HJ, Douglas PS, Grinspoon SK, Brown TT, Erlandson KM. Cytomegalovirus IgG is Associated With Physical Function But Not Muscle Density in People With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2024; 95:470-478. [PMID: 38180893 PMCID: PMC10947880 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity is associated with poor outcomes, including physical function impairment, in people without HIV. We examined associations between CMV IgG titer and physical function in virologically suppressed people with HIV (PWH). METHODS REPRIEVE is a double-blind randomized trial evaluating pitavastatin for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in PWH. This analysis focused on participants enrolled in a substudy with additional biomarker testing, imaging [coronary CT angiography], and physical function measures at entry. CMV IgG was measured using quantitative enzyme immunoassay, physical function by Short Physical Performance Battery, and muscle density and area by CT. Associations between CMV IgG (risk factor) and outcomes were evaluated using the partial Spearman correlation and linear and log-binomial regression. RESULTS Among 717 participants, 82% male, the median CMV IgG was 2716 (Q1, Q3: 807, 6672) IU/mL, all above the limit of quantification. Among 631 participants with imaging, there was no association between CMV IgG and CT-based muscle density or area, controlling for age (r = -0.03 and r = -0.01, respectively; P ≥ 0.38). Among 161 participants with physical function data, higher CMV IgG was associated with poorer overall modified Short Physical Performance Battery score ( P = 0.02), adjusted for age, nadir CD4, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. CONCLUSIONS Higher CMV IgG titer was associated with poorer physical function, not explained by previous immune compromise, inflammation, or muscle density or area. Further mechanistic studies are needed to understand this association and whether CMV-specific therapy can affect physical function in PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheen Z. Abidi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Triin Umbleja
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edgar T. Overton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tricia Burdo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation and Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline M. Flynn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation and Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael T. Lu
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jana Taron
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Samuel R. Schnittman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen V. Fitch
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markella V. Zanni
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carl J. Fichtenbaum
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Carlos Malvestutto
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Judith A. Aberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evelynne S. Fulda
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison Ross Eckard
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jennifer Manne-Goehler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica J. Tuan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Heather J. Ribaudo
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pamela S. Douglas
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, U.S.A
| | - Steven K. Grinspoon
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd T. Brown
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristine M. Erlandson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
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Quiros-Roldan E, Sottini A, Natali PG, Imberti L. The Impact of Immune System Aging on Infectious Diseases. Microorganisms 2024; 12:775. [PMID: 38674719 PMCID: PMC11051847 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune system aging is becoming a field of increasing public health interest because of prolonged life expectancy, which is not paralleled by an increase in health expectancy. As age progresses, innate and adaptive immune systems undergo changes, which are defined, respectively, as inflammaging and immune senescence. A wealth of available data demonstrates that these two conditions are closely linked, leading to a greater vulnerability of elderly subjects to viral, bacterial, and opportunistic infections as well as lower post-vaccination protection. To face this novel scenario, an in-depth assessment of the immune players involved in this changing epidemiology is demanded regarding the individual and concerted involvement of immune cells and mediators within endogenous and exogenous factors and co-morbidities. This review provides an overall updated description of the changes affecting the aging immune system, which may be of help in understanding the underlying mechanisms associated with the main age-associated infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Quiros-Roldan
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST- Spedali Civili and DSCS- University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Sottini
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Services Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Pier Giorgio Natali
- Mediterranean Task Force for Cancer Control (MTCC), Via Pizzo Bernina, 14, 00141 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luisa Imberti
- Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, P. le Spedali Civili, 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Watanabe M, Davidson L, Smith P, Castellucio PF, Jergovic M, Uhrlaub JL, Smithey MJ, Fantry LE, Dechambre B, Wilson RC, Knox KC, Ren J, Stowe RP, Weinstock G, Twigg H, Nikolich JŽ. Anti-cytomegalovirus antibody levels stratify human immune profiles across the lifespan. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01124-0. [PMID: 38512581 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) is a ubiquitous latent persistent herpesvirus infecting 60-90% of the population worldwide. hCMV carriage in immunocompetent people is asymptomatic; thus, hCMV can be considered a component of normative aging. However, hCMV powerfully modulates many features of the immune, and likely other, systems and organs. Questions remain as to how hCMV carriage affects the human host. We used anti-CMV antibody titers as a stratifying criterion to examine the impact of "intensity" of hCMV infection as a potential biomarker of aging, inflammation, and immune homeostasis in a cohort of 247 participants stratified into younger (21-40 years) and older (> 65 years of age) groups. We showed that anti-CMV antibody titers increased with age and directly correlated to increased levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor (sTNFR) I in younger but not older participants. CD8 + cell numbers were reduced in the older group due to the loss in CD8 + T naïve (Tn) cells. In CMV carriers and, in particular, in anti-CMV Ab-high participants, this loss was mitigated or reversed by an increase in the numbers of CD8 + T effector memory (Tem) and T effector memory reexpressing CD45RA (Temra) cells. Analysis of CD38, HLA-DR, and CD57 expression revealed subset (CD4 or CD8)-specific changes that correlated with anti-CMV Ab levels. In addition, anti-CMV Ab levels predicted anti-CMV CD8 T cell responsiveness to different CMV open reading frames (ORFs) selectively in older participants, which correlated to the transcriptional order of expression of specific CMV ORFs. Implications of these results for the potential predictive value of anti-CMV Ab titers during aging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Watanabe
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Center On Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, P.O. Box 245221, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Lisa Davidson
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Center On Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, P.O. Box 245221, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Patricia Smith
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University College of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Peter F Castellucio
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mladen Jergovic
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Center On Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, P.O. Box 245221, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Jennifer L Uhrlaub
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Center On Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, P.O. Box 245221, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Megan J Smithey
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Center On Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, P.O. Box 245221, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Lori E Fantry
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Brett Dechambre
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Rachel C Wilson
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University College of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Kenneth C Knox
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Homer Twigg
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Janko Ž Nikolich
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Arizona Center On Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, P.O. Box 245221, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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Jallah BP, Kuypers DRJ. Impact of Immunosenescence in Older Kidney Transplant Recipients: Associated Clinical Outcomes and Possible Risk Stratification for Immunosuppression Reduction. Drugs Aging 2024; 41:219-238. [PMID: 38386164 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-024-01100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The number of older individuals receiving a kidney transplant as replacement therapy has significantly increased in the past decades and this increase is expected to continue. Older patients have a lower rate of acute rejection but an increased incidence of death with a functioning graft. Several factors, including an increased incidence of infections, post-transplant malignancy and cardiovascular comorbidity and mortality, contribute to this increased risk. Notwithstanding, kidney transplantation is still the best form of kidney replacement therapy in all patients with chronic kidney disease, including in older individuals. The best form of immunosuppression and the optimal dose of these medications in older recipients remains a topic of discussion. Pharmacological studies have usually excluded older patients and when included, patients were highly selected and their numbers insignificant to draw a reasonable conclusion. The reduced incidence of acute rejection in older recipients has largely been attributed to immunosenescence. Immunosenescence refers to the aging of the innate and adaptive immunity, accumulating in phenotypic and functional changes. These changes influences the response of the immune system to new challenges. In older individuals, immunosenescence is associated with increased susceptibility to infectious pathogens, a decreased response after vaccinations, increased risk of malignancies and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Chronic kidney disease is associated with premature immunosenescent changes, and these are independent of aging. The immunosenescent state is associated with low-grade sterile inflammation termed inflammaging. This chronic low-grade inflammation triggers a compensatory immunosuppressive state to avoid further tissue damage, leaving older individuals with chronic kidney disease in an immune-impaired state before kidney transplantation. Immunosuppression after transplantation may further enhance progression of this immunosenescent state. This review covers the role of immunosenescence in older kidney transplant recipients and it details present knowledge of the changes in chronic kidney disease and after transplantation. The impact of immunosuppression on the progression and complications of an immunosenescent state are discussed, and the future direction of a possible clinical implementation of immunosenescence to individualize/reduce immunosuppression in older recipients is laid out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borefore P Jallah
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk R J Kuypers
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospital Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Horna P, Weybright MJ, Ferrari M, Jungherz D, Peng Y, Akbar Z, Tudor Ilca F, Otteson GE, Seheult JN, Ortmann J, Shi M, Maciocia PM, Herling M, Pule MA, Olteanu H. Dual T-cell constant β chain (TRBC)1 and TRBC2 staining for the identification of T-cell neoplasms by flow cytometry. Blood Cancer J 2024; 14:34. [PMID: 38424120 PMCID: PMC10904869 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-024-01002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of leukemic T-cell malignancies is often challenging, due to overlapping features with reactive T-cells and limitations of currently available T-cell clonality assays. Recently developed therapeutic antibodies specific for the mutually exclusive T-cell receptor constant β chain (TRBC)1 and TRBC2 isoforms provide a unique opportunity to assess for TRBC-restriction as a surrogate of clonality in the flow cytometric analysis of T-cell neoplasms. To demonstrate the diagnostic utility of this approach, we studied 164 clinical specimens with (60) or without (104) T-cell neoplasia, in addition to 39 blood samples from healthy donors. Dual TRBC1 and TRBC2 expression was studied within a comprehensive T-cell panel, in a fashion similar to the routine evaluation of kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chains for the detection of clonal B-cells. Polytypic TRBC expression was demonstrated on total, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells from all healthy donors; and by intracellular staining on benign T-cell precursors. All neoplastic T-cells were TRBC-restricted, except for 8 cases (13%) lacking TRBC expression. T-cell clones of uncertain significance were identified in 17 samples without T-cell malignancy (13%) and accounted for smaller subsets than neoplastic clones (median: 4.7 vs. 69% of lymphocytes, p < 0.0001). Single staining for TRBC1 produced spurious TRBC1-dim subsets in 24 clinical specimens (15%), all of which resolved with dual TRBC1/2 staining. Assessment of TRBC restriction by flow cytometry provides a rapid diagnostic method to detect clonal T-cells, and to accurately determine the targetable TRBC isoform expressed by T-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Horna
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | | | | | - Dennis Jungherz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - YaYi Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Janosch Ortmann
- Centre de Recherches Mathematiques, Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Min Shi
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Marco Herling
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin A Pule
- Autolus Ltd, London, UK
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Horatiu Olteanu
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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8
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Reeves DB, Rigau DN, Romero A, Zhang H, Simonetti FR, Varriale J, Hoh R, Zhang L, Smith KN, Montaner LJ, Rubin LH, Gange SJ, Roan NR, Tien PC, Margolick JB, Peluso MJ, Deeks SG, Schiffer JT, Siliciano JD, Siliciano RF, Antar AAR. Mild HIV-specific selective forces overlaying natural CD4+ T cell dynamics explain the clonality and decay dynamics of HIV reservoir cells. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.13.24302704. [PMID: 38405967 PMCID: PMC10888981 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.13.24302704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The latent reservoir of HIV persists for decades in people living with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART). To determine if persistence arises from the natural dynamics of memory CD4+ T cells harboring HIV, we compared the clonal dynamics of HIV proviruses to that of memory CD4+ T cell receptors (TCRβ) from the same PWH and from HIV-seronegative people. We show that clonal dominance of HIV proviruses and antigen-specific CD4+ T cells are similar but that the field's understanding of the persistence of the less clonally dominant reservoir is significantly limited by undersampling. We demonstrate that increasing reservoir clonality over time and differential decay of intact and defective proviruses cannot be explained by mCD4+ T cell kinetics alone. Finally, we develop a stochastic model of TCRβ and proviruses that recapitulates experimental observations and suggests that HIV-specific negative selection mediates approximately 6% of intact and 2% of defective proviral clearance. Thus, HIV persistence is mostly, but not entirely, driven by natural mCD4+ T cell kinetics.
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9
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Winchester NE, Panigrahi S, Haria A, Chakraborty A, Su X, Chen B, Morris SR, Clagett BM, Juchnowski SM, Yadavalli R, Villinger F, Paiardini M, Harth K, Kashyap VS, Calabrese LH, Margolis L, Sieg SF, Shive CL, Gianella S, Funderburg NT, Zidar DA, Lederman MM, Freeman ML. Cytomegalovirus Infection Facilitates the Costimulation of CD57+CD28- CD8 T Cells in HIV Infection and Atherosclerosis via the CD2-LFA-3 Axis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:245-257. [PMID: 38047900 PMCID: PMC10843654 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
CD8 T cells are emerging as important mediators in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Immune activation may play a particular role in people with HIV (PWH) who are at an increased risk of CVD, even after controlling for known CVD risk factors. Latent CMV infection is associated with increased CVD risk for both PWH and people without HIV, and human CMV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells are enriched for an immunosenescent phenotype. We previously showed that CMV coinfection in PWH promotes vascular homing and activation of inflammatory CD4 T cells through the CD2-LFA-3 axis. However, the role of CD2/LFA3 costimulation of CD8 T cells in PWH with CMV has yet to be described. In the present study, we demonstrate that CD2 expression on CX3CR1+CD57+CD28- inflammescent CD8 T cells is increased on cells from CMV-seropositive PWH. In vitro CD2/LFA-3 costimulation enhances TCR-mediated activation of these inflammatory CD8 memory T cells. Finally, we show that LFA-3 is highly expressed in aortas of SIV-infected rhesus macaques and in atherosclerotic plaques of people without HIV. Our findings are consistent with a model in which CMV infection enhances CD2 expression on highly proinflammatory CD8 T cells that can then be stimulated by LFA-3 expressed in the vasculature, even in the absence of CD28 costimulation. This model, in which CMV infection exacerbates toxic cytokine and granzyme production by CD8 T cells within the vasculature, highlights a potential therapeutic target in atherosclerosis development and progression, especially for PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E. Winchester
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Soumya Panigrahi
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anokhi Haria
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Archeesha Chakraborty
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xi Su
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bonnie Chen
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stephen R. Morris
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brian M. Clagett
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Steven M. Juchnowski
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Raghavendra Yadavalli
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Francois Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, USA
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karem Harth
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vikram S. Kashyap
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Leonard H. Calabrese
- Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott F. Sieg
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Carey L. Shive
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sara Gianella
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas T. Funderburg
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David A. Zidar
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael M. Lederman
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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10
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Parra-Ortega I, Nájera-Martínez N, Gaytán-Morales F, Castorena-Villa I, López-Martínez B, Ortiz-Navarrete V, Olvera-Gómez I. Enrichment of effector memory T cells in the CD4 and CD8 T cell compartment during chronic graft versus host disease in children. Transpl Immunol 2023; 81:101951. [PMID: 37939887 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During allogeneic Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), frequent pathological scenarios include graft versus host disease (GVHD) and viral infections. We hypothesized if exogenous stimulus as alloantigen and viral antigens might impact on central and effector memory T cells in pediatric recipients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Subjects included 21 pediatric recipients and 20 healthy children (control group). Peripheral blood samples of patients were collected along the first 712 days post-HSCT. T cell phenotyping of naïve, central, and effector memory T cells (TCMs and TEMs, respectively) was conducted using flow cytometry. Viral nucleic acids were detected using real-time PCR. RESULTS T cell reconstitution was not reached after 1 year post-HSCT. Chronic GVHD was associated with increased numbers of naïve CD4 T cells (p < 0.05) as well as an increase in TEM and TCM cells of the CD4 (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05, respectively) and CD8 T cell TEM (p < 0.0001). and TCM (p < 0.001) populations too. Moreover, BK and Epstein-Barr viruses were the main viral pathogens detected (<104 copies), which were associated with a decrease in all T cell compartments. CONCLUSION During chronic GVHD, alloantigen persistence generates TEM cell enrichment among CD4 and CD8 T cells, and viral infections are associated with deficient recovery of T cells after HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Parra-Ortega
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Clinical Laboratory Department, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Noemí Nájera-Martínez
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Clinical Laboratory Department, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Félix Gaytán-Morales
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Castorena-Villa
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Briceida López-Martínez
- Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Sub-directorate of Auxilliary Services and Diagnosis, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Irlanda Olvera-Gómez
- CICSA, Universidad Anáhuac, State of Mexico, Mexico; Immunology Laboratory, Hospital Nacional Homeopático, Mexico City, Mexico.
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11
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Joffe D, Bhatti S, Banner L, Zaya R, Gleason L, Mishra A, Kirsch I, Porcu P, Nikbakht N. The overlap of skin and blood T-cell clones in early-stage mycosis fungoides. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6206-6210. [PMID: 37611154 PMCID: PMC10582838 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Joffe
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Safiyyah Bhatti
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lauren Banner
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Romsin Zaya
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Laura Gleason
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anjali Mishra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Pierluigi Porcu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Neda Nikbakht
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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12
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Weng NP. Numbers and odds: TCR repertoire size and its age changes impacting on T cell functions. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101810. [PMID: 37515916 PMCID: PMC10530048 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
A vast array of αβ T cell receptors (TCRs) is generated during T cell development in the thymus through V(D)J recombination, which involves the rearrangement of multiple V, D, and J genes and the pairing of α and β chains. These diverse TCRs provide protection to the human body against a multitude of foreign pathogens and internal cancer cells. The entirety of TCRs present in an individual's T cells is referred to as the TCR repertoire. Despite an estimated 4 × 1011 T cells in the adult human body, the lower bound estimate for the TCR repertoire is 3.8 × 108. While the number of circulating T cells may slightly decrease with age, the changes in the diversity of the TCR repertoire is more apparent. Here, I review recent advancements in TCR repertoire studies, the methods used to measure it, how richness and diversity change as humans age, and some of the known consequences associated with these changes.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Humans
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Ping Weng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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13
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Britsch I, van Wijngaarden AP, Helfrich W. Applications of Anti-Cytomegalovirus T Cells for Cancer (Immuno)Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3767. [PMID: 37568582 PMCID: PMC10416821 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is highly prevalent in the general population and largely controlled by CD8pos T cells. Intriguingly, anti-CMV T cells accumulate over time to extraordinarily high numbers, are frequently present as tumor-resident 'bystander' T cells, and remain functional in cancer patients. Consequently, various strategies for redirecting anti-CMV CD8pos T cells to eliminate cancer cells are currently being developed. Here, we provide an overview of these strategies including immunogenic CMV peptide-loading onto endogenous HLA complexes on cancer cells and the use of tumor-directed fusion proteins containing a preassembled CMV peptide/HLA-I complex. Additionally, we discuss conveying the advantageous characteristics of anti-CMV T cells in adoptive cell therapy. Utilization of anti-CMV CD8pos T cells to generate CAR T cells promotes their in vivo persistence and expansion due to appropriate co-stimulation through the endogenous (CMV-)TCR signaling complex. Designing TCR-engineered T cells is more challenging, as the artificial and endogenous TCR compete for expression. Moreover, the use of expanded/reactivated anti-CMV T cells to target CMV peptide-expressing glioblastomas is discussed. This review highlights the most important findings and compares the benefits, disadvantages, and challenges of each strategy. Finally, we discuss how anti-CMV T cell therapies can be further improved to enhance treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wijnand Helfrich
- Department of Surgery, Translational Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, UMC Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (I.B.)
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14
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Hieber C, Grabbe S, Bros M. Counteracting Immunosenescence-Which Therapeutic Strategies Are Promising? Biomolecules 2023; 13:1085. [PMID: 37509121 PMCID: PMC10377144 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging attenuates the overall responsiveness of the immune system to eradicate pathogens. The increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by innate immune cells under basal conditions, termed inflammaging, contributes to impaired innate immune responsiveness towards pathogen-mediated stimulation and limits antigen-presenting activity. Adaptive immune responses are attenuated as well due to lowered numbers of naïve lymphocytes and their impaired responsiveness towards antigen-specific stimulation. Additionally, the numbers of immunoregulatory cell types, comprising regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, that inhibit the activity of innate and adaptive immune cells are elevated. This review aims to summarize our knowledge on the cellular and molecular causes of immunosenescence while also taking into account senescence effects that constitute immune evasion mechanisms in the case of chronic viral infections and cancer. For tumor therapy numerous nanoformulated drugs have been developed to overcome poor solubility of compounds and to enable cell-directed delivery in order to restore immune functions, e.g., by addressing dysregulated signaling pathways. Further, nanovaccines which efficiently address antigen-presenting cells to mount sustained anti-tumor immune responses have been clinically evaluated. Further, senolytics that selectively deplete senescent cells are being tested in a number of clinical trials. Here we discuss the potential use of such drugs to improve anti-aging therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hieber
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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15
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Weidung B, Josefsson M, Lyttkens P, Olsson J, Elgh F, Lind L, Kilander L, Lövheim H. Longitudinal Effects of Herpesviruses on Multiple Cognitive Outcomes in Healthy Elderly Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD221116. [PMID: 37334589 PMCID: PMC10357165 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpesviruses have been proposed to be involved in Alzheimer's disease development as potentially modifiable pathology triggers. OBJECTIVE To investigate associations of serum antibodies for herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and cytomegalovirus (CMV) and anti-herpesvirus treatment with cognitive outcomes in relation to interactions with APOE ɛ4. METHODS The study included 849 participants in the population-based Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors study. Cognitive performance at the ages of 75 and 80 years was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), trail-making test (TMT) A and B, and 7-minute screening test (7MS). RESULTS Anti- HSV-1 IgG positivity was associated cross-sectionally with worse performance on the MMSE, TMT-A, TMT-B, 7MS, enhanced free recall, and verbal fluency tests (p = 0.016, p = 0.016, p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.033, and p < 0.001, respectively), but not orientation or clock drawing. Cognitive scores did not decline over time and longitudinal changes did not differ according to HSV-1 positivity. Anti- CMV IgG positivity was not associated cross-sectionally with cognition, but TMT-B scores declined more in anti- CMV IgG carriers. Anti- HSV-1 IgG interacted with APOE ɛ4 in association with worse TMT-A and better enhanced cued recall. Anti- HSV IgM interacted with APOE ɛ4 and anti-herpesvirus treatment in association with worse TMT-A and clock drawing, respectively. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that HSV-1 is linked to poorer cognition in cognitively healthy elderly adults, including impairments in executive function, memory, and expressive language. Cognitive performance did not decline over time, nor was longitudinal decline associated with HSV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Weidung
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Section of Clinical Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Josefsson
- Department of Statistics, Umeå School of Business, Economics and Statistics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter Lyttkens
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Olsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Elgh
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Acute and Internal Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Kilander
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Section of Clinical Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hugo Lövheim
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Division of Geriatic Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå university, Umeå, Sweden
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16
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Zúñiga TM, Baker FL, Smith KA, Batatinha H, Lau B, Burgess SC, Gustafson MP, Katsanis E, Simpson RJ. Clonal Kinetics and Single-Cell Transcriptional Profiles of T Cells Mobilized to Blood by Acute Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:991-1002. [PMID: 36719647 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute exercise redistributes large numbers of memory T cells, which may contribute to enhanced immune surveillance in regular exercisers. It is not known, however, if acute exercise promotes a broad or oligoclonal T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire or evokes transcriptomic changes in "exercise-responsive" T-cell clones. METHODS Healthy volunteers completed a graded bout of cycling exercise up to 80% V̇O 2max . DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected at rest, during exercise (EX), and 1 h after (+1H) exercise, and processed for deep TCR-β chain sequencing and tandem single-cell RNA sequencing. RESULTS The number of unique clones and unique rearrangements was decreased at EX compared with rest ( P < 0.01) and +1H ( P < 0.01). Productive clonality was increased compared with rest ( P < 0.05) and +1H ( P < 0.05), whereas Shannon's Index was decreased compared with rest ( P < 0.05) and +1H ( P < 0.05). The top 10 rearrangements in the repertoire were increased at EX compared with rest ( P < 0.05) and +1H ( P < 0.05). Cross-referencing TCR-β sequences with a public database (VDJdb) revealed that exercise increased the number of clones specific for the most prevalent motifs, including Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and influenza A. We identified 633 unique exercise-responsive T-cell clones that were mobilized and/or egressed in response to exercise. Among these clones, there was an upregulation in genes related to cell death, cytotoxicity, and activation ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Acute exercise promotes an oligoclonal T-cell repertoire by preferentially mobilizing the most dominant clones, several of which are specific to known viral antigens and display differentially expressed genes indicative of cytotoxicity, activation, and apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- T-Lymphocytes
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Clone Cells/metabolism
- Exercise
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M Zúñiga
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Forrest L Baker
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Kyle A Smith
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - Branden Lau
- The University of Arizona Genetics Core, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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17
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Liu Z, Liang Q, Ren Y, Guo C, Ge X, Wang L, Cheng Q, Luo P, Zhang Y, Han X. Immunosenescence: molecular mechanisms and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:200. [PMID: 37179335 PMCID: PMC10182360 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection susceptibility, poor vaccination efficacy, age-related disease onset, and neoplasms are linked to innate and adaptive immune dysfunction that accompanies aging (known as immunosenescence). During aging, organisms tend to develop a characteristic inflammatory state that expresses high levels of pro-inflammatory markers, termed inflammaging. This chronic inflammation is a typical phenomenon linked to immunosenescence and it is considered the major risk factor for age-related diseases. Thymic involution, naïve/memory cell ratio imbalance, dysregulated metabolism, and epigenetic alterations are striking features of immunosenescence. Disturbed T-cell pools and chronic antigen stimulation mediate premature senescence of immune cells, and senescent immune cells develop a proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype that exacerbates inflammaging. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be addressed, it is well documented that senescent T cells and inflammaging might be major driving forces in immunosenescence. Potential counteractive measures will be discussed, including intervention of cellular senescence and metabolic-epigenetic axes to mitigate immunosenescence. In recent years, immunosenescence has attracted increasing attention for its role in tumor development. As a result of the limited participation of elderly patients, the impact of immunosenescence on cancer immunotherapy is unclear. Despite some surprising results from clinical trials and drugs, it is necessary to investigate the role of immunosenescence in cancer and other age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qimeng Liang
- Nephrology Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, 4500052, Henan, China
| | - Yuqing Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chunguang Guo
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyong Ge
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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18
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Caruso B, Moran AE. Thymic expression of immune checkpoint molecules and their implication for response to immunotherapies. Trends Cancer 2023:S2405-8033(23)00063-8. [PMID: 37173189 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The thymus is responsible for generating a diverse T cell repertoire that is tolerant to self, but capable of responding to various immunologic insults, including cancer. Checkpoint blockade has changed the face of cancer treatment by targeting inhibitory molecules, which are known to regulate peripheral T cell responses. However, these inhibitory molecules and their ligands are expressed during T cell development in the thymus. In this review, we describe the underappreciated role of checkpoint molecule expression during the formation of the T cell repertoire and detail the importance of inhibitory molecules in regulating T cell lineage commitment. Understanding how these molecules function in the thymus may inform therapeutic strategies for better patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna Caruso
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amy E Moran
- Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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19
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Britsch I, van Wijngaarden AP, Ke X, Hendriks MA, Samplonius DF, Ploeg EM, Helfrich W. Novel Fab-peptide-HLA-I fusion proteins for redirecting pre-existing anti-CMV T cell immunity to selective eliminate carcinoma cells. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2207868. [PMID: 37180637 PMCID: PMC10173793 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2207868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Typically, anticancer CD8pos T cells occur at low frequencies and become increasingly impaired in the tumor micro environment. In contrast, antiviral CD8pos T cells display a much higher polyclonality, frequency, and functionality. In particular, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection induces high numbers of 'inflationary' CD8pos T cells that remain lifelong abundantly present in CMV-seropositive subjects. Importantly, these so-called inflationary anti-CMV T cells increase with age, maintain a ready-to-go state, populate tumors, and do not become exhausted or senescent. Given these favorable attributes, we devised a novel series of recombinant Fab-peptide-HLA-I fusion proteins and coined them 'ReTARGs'. A ReTARG fusion protein consists of a high-affinity Fab antibody fragment directed to carcinoma-associated cell surface antigen EpCAM (or EGFR), fused in tandem with soluble HLA-I molecule/β2-microglobulin, genetically equipped with an immunodominant peptide derived from CMV proteins pp65 (or IE-1). Decoration with EpCAM-ReTARGpp65 rendered EpCAM-expressing primary patient-derived carcinoma cells highly sensitive to selective elimination by cognate anti-CMV CD8pos T cells. Importantly, this treatment did not induce excessive levels of proinflammatory T cell-secreted IFNγ. In contrast, analogous treatment with equimolar amounts of EpCAM/CD3-directed bispecific T-cell engager solitomab resulted in a massive release of IFNγ, a feature commonly associated with adverse cytokine-release syndrome. Combinatorial treatment with EpCAM-ReTARGpp65 and EGFR-ReTARGIE-1 strongly potentiated selective cancer cell elimination owing to the concerted action of the corresponding cognate anti-CMV CD8pos T cell clones. In conclusion, ReTARG fusion proteins may be useful as an alternative or complementary form of targeted cancer immunotherapy for 'cold' solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Britsch
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory for Translational Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne P. van Wijngaarden
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory for Translational Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiurong Ke
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory for Translational Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark. A.J.M. Hendriks
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory for Translational Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe F. Samplonius
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory for Translational Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emily M. Ploeg
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory for Translational Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wijnand Helfrich
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory for Translational Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Li Z, Tian M, Wang G, Cui X, Ma J, Liu S, Shen B, Liu F, Wu K, Xiao X, Zhu C. Senotherapeutics: An emerging approach to the treatment of viral infectious diseases in the elderly. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1098712. [PMID: 37065192 PMCID: PMC10094634 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1098712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the phenomenon that the elderly have higher morbidity and mortality is of great concern. Existing evidence suggests that senescence and viral infection interact with each other. Viral infection can lead to the aggravation of senescence through multiple pathways, while virus-induced senescence combined with existing senescence in the elderly aggravates the severity of viral infections and promotes excessive age-related inflammation and multiple organ damage or dysfunction, ultimately resulting in higher mortality. The underlying mechanisms may involve mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal activation of the cGAS-STING pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome, the role of pre-activated macrophages and over-recruited immune cells, and accumulation of immune cells with trained immunity. Thus, senescence-targeted drugs were shown to have positive effects on the treatment of viral infectious diseases in the elderly, which has received great attention and extensive research. Therefore, this review focused on the relationship between senescence and viral infection, as well as the significance of senotherapeutics for the treatment of viral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingfu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guolei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianghua Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun’e Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingzheng Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kailang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Chengliang Zhu, ; Xuan Xiao,
| | - Chengliang Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Chengliang Zhu, ; Xuan Xiao,
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21
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Dunlap G, Wagner A, Meednu N, Zhang F, Jonsson AH, Wei K, Sakaue S, Nathan A, Bykerk VP, Donlin LT, Goodman SM, Firestein GS, Boyle DL, Holers VM, Moreland LW, Tabechian D, Pitzalis C, Filer A, Raychaudhuri S, Brenner MB, McDavid A, Rao DA, Anolik JH. Clonal associations of lymphocyte subsets and functional states revealed by single cell antigen receptor profiling of T and B cells in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.18.533282. [PMID: 36993527 PMCID: PMC10055242 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.18.533282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease initiated by antigen-specific T cells and B cells, which promote synovial inflammation through a complex set of interactions with innate immune and stromal cells. To better understand the phenotypes and clonal relationships of synovial T and B cells, we performed single-cell RNA and repertoire sequencing on paired synovial tissue and peripheral blood samples from 12 donors with seropositive RA ranging from early to chronic disease. Paired transcriptomic-repertoire analyses highlighted 3 clonally distinct CD4 T cells populations that were enriched in RA synovium: T peripheral helper (Tph) and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, CCL5+ T cells, and T regulatory cells (Tregs). Among these cells, Tph cells showed a unique transcriptomic signature of recent T cell receptor (TCR) activation, and clonally expanded Tph cells expressed an elevated transcriptomic effector signature compared to non-expanded Tph cells. CD8 T cells showed higher oligoclonality than CD4 T cells, and the largest CD8 T cell clones in synovium were highly enriched in GZMK+ cells. TCR analyses revealed CD8 T cells with likely viral-reactive TCRs distributed across transcriptomic clusters and definitively identified MAIT cells in synovium, which showed transcriptomic features of TCR activation. Among B cells, non-naive B cells including age-associated B cells (ABC), NR4A1+ activated B cells, and plasma cells, were enriched in synovium and had higher somatic hypermutation rates compared to blood B cells. Synovial B cells demonstrated substantial clonal expansion, with ABC, memory, and activated B cells clonally linked to synovial plasma cells. Together, these results reveal clonal relationships between functionally distinct lymphocyte populations that infiltrate RA synovium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Dunlap
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Wagner
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nida Meednu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology and the Center for Health Artificial Intelligence, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora, CO, USA
| | - A Helena Jonsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saori Sakaue
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aparna Nathan
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vivian P Bykerk
- Hospital for Special Surgery; New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura T Donlin
- Hospital for Special Surgery; New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan M Goodman
- Hospital for Special Surgery; New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, NY, USA
| | - Gary S Firestein
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David L Boyle
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - V Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Larry W Moreland
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Darren Tabechian
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London; London, UK
| | - Andrew Filer
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Center and Clinical Research Facility, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital; Birmingham, UK
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, MA, USA
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester; Manchester, UK
| | - Michael B Brenner
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew McDavid
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Deepak A Rao
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer H Anolik
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester, NY, USA
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22
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Diaz-Decaro J, Myers E, Mucha J, Neumann M, Lewandowski W, Kaczanowska M, Schmidt E, Natenshon A, Talarico C, Buck PO. A systematic literature review on the humanistic burden of cytomegalovirus. Curr Med Res Opin 2023; 39:739-750. [PMID: 36938652 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2023.2191477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is typically asymptomatic in healthy individuals; however, certain populations are vulnerable to infection and may develop serious sequelae. CMV infection may also have a broad impact on humanistic outcomes, including patient health status and quality of life (QoL). We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) to describe the global humanistic burden of CMV and congenital CMV (cCMV) infections across all age groups. METHODS Medline, Embase, and LILACS were searched to identify studies on humanistic outcomes following CMV infection, including health status/QoL and any outcomes in domains such as auditory, cognitive ability, developmental status, intelligence, language, memory, mental health, motor performance, social communication, speech, and vocabulary. The SLR included articles published from 2000-2020 and focused geographically on Australia, Europe, Israel, Japan, Latin America, and North America. RESULTS Sixty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. In general, individuals with symptomatic cCMV infection experience a greater burden of disease and more substantial impact on QoL versus those with asymptomatic cCMV infection. Children with hearing loss due to cCMV infection, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, showed improved auditory outcomes following cochlear implantation. Newborns, infants, and children with cCMV infections had worse cognitive outcomes in psychological development, sequential and simultaneous processing, phonological working memory, and attention control versus age-matched controls without cCMV infection. CMV infection was also associated with cognitive decline in elderly populations. CONCLUSIONS CMV infection can have substantial, lifelong, heterogenous impacts on humanistic outcomes, including health status and QoL, which should be considered when developing and implementing treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evan Myers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Witold Lewandowski
- Certara, Inc., Krakow, Poland
- Certara, Inc., employee at the time of the study
| | | | | | | | - Carla Talarico
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
- Moderna, Inc., employee at the time of the study
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23
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Hudson WH, Wieland A. Technology meets TILs: Deciphering T cell function in the -omics era. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:41-57. [PMID: 36206755 PMCID: PMC9839604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
T cells are at the center of cancer immunology because of their ability to recognize mutations in tumor cells and directly mediate cancer cell killing. Immunotherapies to rejuvenate exhausted T cell responses have transformed the clinical management of several malignancies. In parallel, the development of novel multidimensional analysis platforms, such as single-cell RNA sequencing and high-dimensional flow cytometry, has yielded unprecedented insights into immune cell biology. This convergence has revealed substantial heterogeneity of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in single tumors, across tumor types, and among individuals with cancer. Here we discuss the opportunities and challenges of studying the complex tumor microenvironment with -omics technologies that generate vast amounts of data, highlighting the opportunities and limitations of these technologies with a particular focus on interpreting high-dimensional studies of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Hudson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Andreas Wieland
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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24
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Shin MS, Park HJ, Young J, Kang I. Implication of IL-7 receptor alpha chain expression by CD8 + T cells and its signature in defining biomarkers in aging. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:66. [PMID: 36544153 PMCID: PMC9768896 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play an important role in host defense against infections and malignancies as well as contribute to the development of inflammatory disorders. Alterations in the frequency of naïve and memory CD8+ T cells are one of the most significant changes in the immune system with age. As the world population rapidly ages, a better understanding of aging immune function or immunosenescence could become a basis for discovering treatments of illnesses that commonly occur in older adults. In particular, biomarkers for immune aging could be utilized to identify individuals at high risk of developing age-associated conditions and help monitor the efficacy of therapeutic interventions targeting such conditions. This review details the possible role of CD8+ T cell subsets expressing different levels of the cytokine receptor IL-7 receptor alpha chain (IL-7Rα) and the gene signature associated with IL-7Rα as potential biomarkers for immune aging given the association of CD8+ T cells in host defense, inflammation, and immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun Shin
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, S525C TAC, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Hong-Jai Park
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, S525C TAC, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Juan Young
- Departments of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Insoo Kang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, S525C TAC, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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25
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IL-10-Secreting CD8 + T Cells Specific for Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV): Generation, Maintenance and Phenotype. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121530. [PMID: 36558866 PMCID: PMC9781655 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
HCMV-specific CD8+ T-cells are potent anti-viral effector cells in HCMV infected individuals, but evidence from other viral infections suggests that CD8+ T-cells can also produce the immunomodulatory cytokine IL-10. In this work we show that there are HCMV-specific IL-10 CD8+ T-cell responses in a cohort of individuals aged 23-76 years of age, predominantly directed against the HCMV proteins known to be expressed during latent infections as well as towards the proteins US3 and pp71. The analysis of HCMV-specific responses established during primary infection has shown that the IL-10 responses to US3 and pp71 HCMV proteins are detectable in the first weeks post infection, but not the responses to latency-associated proteins, and this IL-10 response is produced by both CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells. Phenotyping studies of HCMV-specific IL-10+ CD8+ T-cells show that these are CD45RA+ effector memory cells and co-express CD28 and CD57, however, the expression of the inhibitory receptor PD-1 varied from 90% to 30% between donors. In this study we have described for the first time the HCMV-specific IL-10 CD8+ T-cell responses and have demonstrated their broad specificity and the potential immune modulatory role of the immune response to HCMV latent carriage and periodic reactivation.
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26
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Shimada T, Higashida-Konishi M, Izumi K, Hama S, Oshige T, Oshima H, Okano Y. Risk factors associated with cytomegalovirus reactivation in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for rheumatic diseases: a retrospective study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20926. [PMID: 36463264 PMCID: PMC9719476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive treatment is a common cause of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation. However, there is no consensus regarding the risk factors for CMV reactivation in rheumatic diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the risk factors associated with CMV reactivation. We retrospectively collected the data of 472 patients with rheumatic diseases whose CMV pp65 antigen (C7-HRP) titer was measured. We divided the patients into those with and those without C7-HRP. We retrospectively collected data on age, sex, primary condition and organ involvement, and blood test results. We also investigated the use of immunosuppressants and the maximum and cumulative doses of prednisolone (PSL). We performed univariate and multivariate analyses to identify risk factors for CMV reactivation. Multivariate analysis showed that higher age (71.2 vs. 64.4 years, p = 0.0022), hypoalbuminemia (2.9 vs. 3.4 g/dL, p = 0.0104), higher creatinine level (1.2 vs. 0.9 mg/dL, p = 0.0026), cyclosporine use (8.2 vs. 3.6%, p = 0.0101), and higher maximum (552.4 vs. 243.3 mg, p < 0.0001) and cumulative (2785.9 vs. 1330.5 mg, p < 0.0001) doses of PSL were associated with CMV reactivation. Older age, hypoalbuminemia, higher creatinine level, cyclosporine use, and higher maximum and cumulative doses of PSL were significant risk factors for CMV reactivation in rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Shimada
- grid.416239.bDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 1608582 Japan
| | - Misako Higashida-Konishi
- grid.416239.bDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Izumi
- grid.416239.bDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 1608582 Japan
| | - Satoshi Hama
- grid.416239.bDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Oshige
- grid.416239.bDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 1608582 Japan
| | - Hisaji Oshima
- grid.416239.bDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Okano
- grid.416239.bDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Anmol K, Akanksha H, Zhengguo X. Are CD45RO+ and CD45RA- genuine markers for bovine memory T cells? ANIMAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s44149-022-00057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractEffective vaccination induces memory T cells, which protect the host against pathogen re-infections. Therefore, detection of memory T cells is essential for evaluating vaccine efficacy, which was originally dependent on cytokine induction assays. Currently, two isoforms of CD45 tyrosine phosphatase, CD45RO expression and CD45RA exclusion (CD45RO+/ CD45RA-) are used extensively for detecting memory T cells in cattle. The CD45RO+/CD45RA- markers were first established in humans around three decades ago, and were adopted in cattle soon after. However, in the last two decades, some published data in humans have challenged the initial paradigm, and required multiple markers for identifying memory T cells. On the contrary, memory T cell detection in cattle still mostly relies on CD45RO+/CD45RA- despite some controversial evidence. In this review, we summarized the current literature to examine if CD45RO+/CD45RA- are valid markers for detecting memory T cells in cattle. It seems CD45RA and CD45RO (CD45RA/RO) as markers for identifying bovine memory T cells are questionable.
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Seymour F, Carmichael J, Taylor C, Parrish C, Cook G. Immune senescence in multiple myeloma-a role for mitochondrial dysfunction? Leukemia 2022; 36:2368-2373. [PMID: 35879358 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Age-related immune dysfunction is primarily mediated by immunosenescence which results in ineffective clearance of infective pathogens, poor vaccine responses and increased susceptibility to multi-morbidities. Immunosenescence-related immunometabolic abnormalities are associated with accelerated aging, an inflammatory immune response (inflammaging) and ultimately frailty syndromes. In addition, several conditions can accelerate the development of immunosenescence, including cancer. This is a bi-directional interaction since inflammaging may create a permissive environment for tumour development. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a mature B-cell malignancy that presents in the older population. MM exemplifies the interaction of age- (Host Response Biology; HRB) and disease-related immunological dysfunction, contributing to the development of a frailty syndrome which impairs the therapeutic impact of recent advances in treatment strategies. Understanding the mechanisms by which accelerated immunological aging is induced and the ways in which a tumour such as MM influences this process is key to overcoming therapeutic barriers. A link between cellular mitochondrial dysfunction and the acquisition of an abnormal immune phenotype has recently been described and has widespread physiological consequence beyond the impact on the immune system. Here we outline our current understanding of normal immune aging, describe the mechanism of immunometabolic dysfunction in accelerating this process, and propose the role these processes are playing in the pathogenesis of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Seymour
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK.
| | - Jonathan Carmichael
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
- NIHR (Leeds) Medtech & In vitro Diagnostic Cooperative, Leeds, UK
| | - Claire Taylor
- Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds UK, Leeds, UK
| | - Christopher Parrish
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trial Research, University of Leeds UK, Leeds, UK
| | - Gordon Cook
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK
- NIHR (Leeds) Medtech & In vitro Diagnostic Cooperative, Leeds, UK
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trial Research, University of Leeds UK, Leeds, UK
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Kouli A, Williams-Gray CH. Age-Related Adaptive Immune Changes in Parkinson’s Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:S93-S104. [PMID: 35661020 PMCID: PMC9535571 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is a major risk factor for most neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Progressive age-related dysregulation of the immune system is termed immunosenescence and is responsible for the weakened response to novel antigens, increased susceptibility to infections and reduced effectiveness of vaccines seen in the elderly. Immune activation, both within the brain and periphery, is heavily implicated in PD but the role of immunosenescence has not been fully explored. Studies to date provide some evidence for an attenuation in immunosenescence in PD, particularly a reduction in senescent CD8 T lymphocytes in PD cases compared to similarly aged controls. Here, we discuss recent evidence of age-related immune abnormalities in PD with a focus on T cell senescence and explore their potential role in disease pathogenesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Kouli
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline H. Williams-Gray
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Cambridge, UK
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30
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Cunha LL, Valsecchi VADS, Ward LS. Investigating population-level immunosenescence: From bench to bedside. Front Immunol 2022; 13:949928. [PMID: 36059504 PMCID: PMC9428264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.949928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response is remodeled with aging in a process called immunosenescence. Some immunologists conceive immunosenescence as an adaptation of immunity to the aged immune-environment rather than a merely collapsed reactivity of immune cells against microbes and tumor cells. Others believe on an uninterrupted activation of the innate immune system with aging, leading to a low grade, sterile and chronic proinflammatory state called inflammaging. For instance, it is possible that chronic infection by cytomegalovirus leads to persistent production of viral load. This phenomenon offers periodic stimuli to the immune system that ultimately contribute to the remodeling of the immune response. If investigating immunosenescence at the cellular level is already a difficult task, considering the population level is much more complex. However, by studying immunosenescence at the population level, we can extract valuable results with viable applications. While studies with animal models allow scientists to deepen their understanding of the mechanisms of immunosenescence, studying large populations can bring practical innovations to medicine and the health system. Many researchers and funders have dedicated themselves to producing methods for the evaluation of immunosenescence on a large scale, aiming to elucidate new mechanisms by which diseases are established in the elderly. The description of how the immune response is remodeled with aging emerges as a new tool to identify the subset of subjects in which unhealthy aging is a matter of time, to help better individualize clinical management and select patients who may benefit. of early interventions. This review focuses on functional assays as valuable methods for measuring the remodeling of the immune response with aging and discuss their clinical impact. We also recall fundamental concepts for understanding the aging process of the immune response. In addition, we highlight future prospects for immunosenescence research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Leite Cunha
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Discipline of Internal Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Lucas Leite Cunha,
| | - Victor Alexandre dos Santos Valsecchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Division of Endocrinology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Discipline of Internal Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Sterian Ward
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
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31
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Khanniche A, Yang Y, Zhang J, Liu S, Xia L, Duan H, Yao Y, Zhao B, Zhao GP, Hu C, Wang Y, Lu S. Early-like differentiation status of systemic PD-1 +CD8 + T cells predicts PD-1 blockade outcome in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1406. [PMID: 35910005 PMCID: PMC9327560 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Despite remarkable advances in the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with anti‐programmed death (PD)‐1 therapy; only a fraction of patients derives durable clinical benefit. In this study, we investigated whether the differentiation status of systemic CD8+ T cells predicts the outcome of PD‐1 blockade in NSCLC. Methods We carried out a prospective study on a total of 77 NSCLC patients receiving anti‐PD‐1 blockers, among which 47 patients were assigned as a discovery cohort and 30 patients as a validation cohort. Peripheral blood samples were obtained at baseline and upon multiple therapy cycles and analyzed by multi‐parameter flow cytometry. Results We found that a higher baseline ratio of PD‐1+ early effector memory CD8+ T cells (CD28+CD27−CD45RO+, TEEM) to PD‐1+ effector CD8+ T cells (CD28−CD27−CD45RO−, TE) delineated responders to PD‐1 blockade from progressors and was associated with prolonged progression‐free survival (PFS) and durable clinical benefit. Moreover, PD‐1+CD8 TEEM cells exhibited early responses after anti‐PD‐1 therapy and was the major fraction of cycling PD‐1+Ki67+CD8+ T cells to expand specifically with positive impact on PFS. Conclusion These findings provide insights into how the baseline differentiation status of the peripheral immune system determines responses to PD‐1‐targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Khanniche
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China.,Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Shiqing Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Liliang Xia
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Huangqi Duan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yaxian Yao
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Bingrong Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhao
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Shun Lu
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
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32
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Savola P, Bhattacharya D, Huuhtanen J. The spectrum of somatic mutations in large granular lymphocyte leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis and Felty's syndrome. Semin Hematol 2022; 59:123-130. [DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ning J, Gavil NV, Wu S, Wijeyesinghe S, Weyu E, Ma J, Li M, Grigore FN, Dhawan S, Skorput AGJ, Musial SC, Chen CC, Masopust D, Rosato PC. Functional virus-specific memory T cells survey glioblastoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:1863-1875. [DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03125-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Durrani J, Groarke EM. Clonality in immune aplastic anemia: Mechanisms of immune escape or malignant transformation. Semin Hematol 2022; 59:137-142. [PMID: 36115690 PMCID: PMC9938528 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA) is the prototypic bone marrow failure syndrome and can be classified as either acquired or inherited. Inherited forms are due to the effects of germline mutations, while acquired AA is suspected to result from cytotoxic T-cell mediated immune attack on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Once thought to be a purely "benign" condition, clonality in the form of chromosomal abnormalities and single nucleotide variants is now well recognized in AA. Mechanisms underpinning this clonality likely relate to selection of clones that allow immune evasion or increased cell survival the marrow environment under immune attack. Widespread use and availability of next generation and other genetic sequencing techniques has enabled us to better understand the genomic landscape of aplastic anemia. This review focuses on the current concepts associated with clonality, in particular somatic mutations and their impact on diagnosis and clinical outcomes in immune aplastic anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibran Durrani
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health.
| | - Emma M Groarke
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
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35
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Sun X, Nguyen T, Achour A, Ko A, Cifello J, Ling C, Sharma J, Hiroi T, Zhang Y, Chia CW, Wood Iii W, Wu WW, Zukley L, Phue JN, Becker KG, Shen RF, Ferrucci L, Weng NP. Longitudinal analysis reveals age-related changes in the T cell receptor repertoire of human T cell subsets. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:158122. [PMID: 35708913 PMCID: PMC9433102 DOI: 10.1172/jci158122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A diverse T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is essential for protection against a variety of pathogens, and TCR repertoire size is believed to decline with age. However, the precise size of human TCR repertoires, in both total and subsets of T cells, as well as their changes with age, are not fully characterized. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of the human blood TCRα and TCRβ repertoire of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets using a unique molecular identifier–based (UMI-based) RNA-seq method. Thorough analysis of 1.9 × 108 T cells yielded the lower estimate of TCR repertoire richness in an adult at 3.8 × 108. Alterations of the TCR repertoire with age were observed in all 4 subsets of T cells. The greatest reduction was observed in naive CD8+ T cells, while the greatest clonal expansion was in memory CD8+ T cells, and the highest increased retention of TCR sequences was in memory CD8+ T cells. Our results demonstrated that age-related TCR repertoire attrition is subset specific and more profound for CD8+ than CD4+ T cells, suggesting that aging has a more profound effect on cytotoxic as opposed to helper T cell functions. This may explain the increased susceptibility of older adults to novel infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Thomas Nguyen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Achouak Achour
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Annette Ko
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Cifello
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Chen Ling
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Jay Sharma
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Toyoko Hiroi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Gene expression and Genomics Unit, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Chee W Chia
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - William Wood Iii
- Gene expression and Genomics Unit, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Wells W Wu
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, United States of America
| | - Linda Zukley
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Je-Nie Phue
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, United States of America
| | - Kevin G Becker
- Gene expression and Genomics Unit, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Rong-Fong Shen
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, United States of America
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Nan-Ping Weng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, United States of America
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36
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Differential Expression of CD45RO and CD45RA in Bovine T Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111844. [PMID: 35681539 PMCID: PMC9180881 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective vaccination induces immune memory to protect animals upon pathogen re-encounter. Despite contradictory reports, bovine memory T cells are identified based on two isoforms of CD45, expression of CD45RO plus exclusion of CD45RA. In this report, we contrasted CD45RA/RO expression on circulatory T cells with IFNγ and IL4 expression induced by a conventional method. To our surprise, 20% of cattle from an enclosed herd did not express CD45RO on T cells without any significant difference on CD45RA expression and IFNγ or IL4 induction. In CD45RO expressing cattle, CD45RA and CD45RO expressions excluded each other, with dominant CD45RO (>90%) expression on gamma delta (γδ) followed by CD4+ (60%) but significantly higher CD45RA expression on CD8+ T cells (about 80%). Importantly, more than 80% of CD45RO expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells failed to produce IFNγ and IL-4; however, within the cytokine inducing cells, CD4+ T cells highly expressed CD45RO but those within CD8+ T cells mostly expressed CD45RA. Hence, CD45RO is not ubiquitously expressed in cattle, and rather than with memory phenotype, CD45RA/RO expression are more associated with distinct T cell subtypes.
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Pieren DKJ, Smits NAM, Postel RJ, Kandiah V, de Wit J, van Beek J, van Baarle D, Guichelaar T. Co-Expression of TIGIT and Helios Marks Immunosenescent CD8+ T Cells During Aging. Front Immunol 2022; 13:833531. [PMID: 35651622 PMCID: PMC9148977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.833531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to alterations in the immune system that result in ineffective responsiveness against pathogens. Features of this process, collectively known as immunosenescence, accumulate in CD8+ T cells with age and have been ascribed to differentiation of these cells during the course of life. Here we aimed to identify novel markers in CD8+ T cells associated with immunosenescence. Furthermore, we assessed how these markers relate to the aging-related accumulation of highly differentiated CD27-CD28- cells. We found that co-expression of the transcription factor Helios and the aging-related marker TIGIT identifies CD8+ T cells that fail to proliferate and show impaired induction of activation markers CD69 and CD25 in response to stimulation in vitro. Despite this, in blood of older adults we found TIGIT+Helios+ T cells to become highly activated during an influenza-A virus infection, but these higher frequencies of activated TIGIT+Helios+ T cells associate with longer duration of coughing. Moreover, in healthy individuals, we found that TIGIT+Helios+ CD8+ T cells accumulate with age in the highly differentiated CD27-CD28- population. Interestingly, TIGIT+Helios+ CD8+ T cells also accumulate with age among the less differentiated CD27+CD28- T cells before their transit into the highly differentiated CD27-CD28- stage. This finding suggests that T cells with immunosenescent features become prominent at old age also within the earlier differentiation states of these cells. Our findings show that co-expression of TIGIT and Helios refines the definition of immunosenescent CD8+ T cells and challenge the current dogma of late differentiation stage as proxy for T-cell immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan K. J. Pieren
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Noortje A. M. Smits
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Rimke J. Postel
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Vinitha Kandiah
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Jelle de Wit
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Josine van Beek
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Teun Guichelaar
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and The Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Teun Guichelaar,
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Zheng H, Savitz J. Effect of Cytomegalovirus Infection on the Central Nervous System: Implications for Psychiatric Disorders. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 61:215-241. [PMID: 35505056 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common herpesvirus that establishes lifelong latent infections and interacts extensively with the host immune system, potentially contributing to immune activation and inflammation. Given its proclivity for infecting the brain and its reactivation by inflammatory stimuli, CMV is well known for causing central nervous system complications in the immune-naïve (e.g., in utero) and in the immunocompromised (e.g., in neonates, individuals receiving transplants or cancer chemotherapy, or people living with HIV). However, its potentially pathogenic role in diseases that are characterized by more subtle immune dysregulation and inflammation such as psychiatric disorders is still a matter of debate. In this chapter, we briefly summarize the pathogenic role of CMV in immune-naïve and immunocompromised populations and then review the evidence (i.e., epidemiological studies, serological studies, postmortem studies, and recent neuroimaging studies) for a link between CMV infection and psychiatric disorders with a focus on mood disorders and schizophrenia. Finally, we discuss the potential mechanisms through which CMV may cause CNS dysfunction in the context of mental disorders and conclude with a summary of the current state of play as well as potential future research directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zheng
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.
| | - Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.,Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
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39
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Jung K, Son MJ, Lee SY, Kim JA, Ko DH, Yoo S, Kim CH, Kim YS. Antibody-mediated delivery of a viral MHC-I epitope into the cytosol of target tumor cells repurposes virus-specific CD8 + T cells for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:102. [PMID: 35459256 PMCID: PMC9027861 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01574-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Redirecting pre-existing virus-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs) to tumors by simulating a viral infection of the tumor cells has great potential for cancer immunotherapy. However, this strategy is limited by lack of amenable method for viral antigen delivery into the cytosol of target tumors. Here, we addressed the limit by developing a CD8+T cell epitope-delivering antibody, termed a TEDbody, which was engineered to deliver a viral MHC-I epitope peptide into the cytosol of target tumor cells by fusion with a tumor-specific cytosol-penetrating antibody. Methods To direct human cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific CTLs against tumors, we designed a series of TEDbodies carrying various CMV pp65 antigen-derived peptides. CMV-specific CTLs from blood of CMV-seropositive healthy donors were expanded for use in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Comprehensive cellular assays were performed to determine the presentation mechanism of TEDbody-mediated CMV peptide-MHC-I complex (CMV-pMHCI) on the surface of target tumor cells and the recognition and lysis by CMV-specific CTLs. In vivo CMV-pMHCI presentation and antitumor efficacy of TEDbody were evaluated in immunodeficient mice bearing human tumors. Results TEDbody delivered the fused epitope peptides into target tumor cells to be intracellularly processed and surface displayed in the form of CMV-pMHCI, leading to disguise target tumor cells as virally infected cells for recognition and lysis by CMV-specific CTLs. When systemically injected into tumor-bearing immunodeficient mice, TEDbody efficiently marked tumor cells with CMV-pMHCI to augment the proliferation and cytotoxic property of tumor-infiltrated CMV-specific CTLs, resulting in significant inhibition of the in vivo tumor growth by redirecting adoptively transferred CMV-specific CTLs. Further, combination of TEDbody with anti-OX40 agonistic antibody substantially enhanced the in vivo antitumor activity. Conclusion Our study offers an effective technology for MHC-I antigen cytosolic delivery. TEDbody may thus have utility as a therapeutic cancer vaccine to redirect pre-existing anti-viral CTLs arising from previously exposed viral infections to attack tumors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-022-01574-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunok Jung
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Son
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ah Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Han Ko
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojung Yoo
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sung Kim
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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Single-Cell Analysis of Refractory Celiac Disease Demonstrates Inter- and Intra-Patient Aberrant Cell Heterogeneity. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:173-192. [PMID: 35338007 PMCID: PMC9123272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Refractory celiac disease type II (RCDII) is a rare indolent lymphoma in the small intestine characterized by a clonally expanded intraepithelial intracellular CD3+surfaceCD3-CD7+CD56- aberrant cell population. However, RCDII pathogenesis is ill-defined. Here, we aimed at single-cell characterization of the innate and adaptive immune system in RCDII. METHODS Paired small intestinal and blood samples from 12 RCDII patients and 6 healthy controls were assessed by single-cell mass cytometry with a 39-cell surface marker antibody panel, designed to capture heterogeneity of the innate and adaptive immune system. A second single-cell mass cytometry panel that included transcription factors and immune checkpoints was used for analysis of paired samples from 5 RCDII patients. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis was performed on duodenal samples from 2 RCDII patients. Finally, we developed a 40-marker imaging mass cytometry antibody panel to evaluate cell-cell interactions in duodenal biopsy specimens of RCDII patients. RESULTS We provide evidence for intertumoral and intratumoral cell heterogeneity within the duodenal and peripheral aberrant cell population present in RCDII. Phenotypic discrepancy was observed between peripheral and duodenal aberrant cells. In addition, we observed that part of the aberrant cell population proliferated and observed co-localization of aberrant cells with CD163+ antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in situ. In addition, we observed phenotypic discrepancy between peripheral and duodenal aberrant cells. CONCLUSIONS Novel high-dimensional single-cell technologies show substantial intertumoral and intratumoral heterogeneity in the aberrant cell population in RCDII. This may underlie variability in refractory disease status between patients and responsiveness to therapy, pointing to the need for personalized therapy in RCDII based on patient-specific immune profiles.
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Leposavić G, Stojić-Vukanić Z. Biomarkers of aging-associated chronic inflammation as a prognostic factor for human longevity. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm72-36135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well-established that age-associated low-grade chronic inflammation contributes to the development of a spectrum of chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic kidney disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurodegenerative diseases, which affect the quality of life of the elderly and influence their life span. This phenomenon is suggested to arise due to the weakening of the regulatory mechanisms of the immune response, and the persistence of exogenous and endogenous (reflecting oxidative cell injury) antigenic challenges, so it is referred to as oxi-inflamm-aging. Considering that the development of age-associated chronic inflammation is "silent", i.e., without clinical signs until the aforementioned complications become apparent, it is important to identify the biomarker(s) or pattern/cluster of biomarkers for this inflammation. It is also important to define new strategies to combat the "silent" damage induced by chronic inflammation. Given that at present there are no reliable biomarkers for chronic inflammation, this review points out the problems in defining biomarker(s) or patterns/clusters of biomarkers for chronic inflammation in order to stimulate further research and points to some possible routes of investigation.
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Felismino ES, Santos JMB, Rossi M, Santos CAF, Durigon EL, Oliveira DBL, Thomazelli LM, Monteiro FR, Sperandio A, Apostólico JS, França CN, Amaral JB, Amirato GR, Vieira RP, Vaisberg M, Bachi ALL. Better Response to Influenza Virus Vaccination in Physically Trained Older Adults Is Associated With Reductions of Cytomegalovirus-Specific Immunoglobulins as Well as Improvements in the Inflammatory and CD8 + T-Cell Profiles. Front Immunol 2021; 12:713763. [PMID: 34712226 PMCID: PMC8546344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.713763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a trigger factor for the development of immunosenescence and negatively impacts the immune response to influenza virus vaccination (IVV) in older adults. However, the role of physical exercise training in this context is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the regular practice of combined exercise training can improve the specific antibody response to IVV in CMV-seropositive older adults. Eighty older adults were distributed into two groups—non-practitioners (NP, n = 31, age = 74.06 ± 6.4 years) and practitioners of combined exercise training (CET, n = 49, age = 71.7 ± 5.8 years)—for at least 12 months. Both volunteer groups were submitted to IVV and blood samples were collected before (pre) and 30 days after (post) the vaccination. Concerning the specific antibody response to IVV, higher serum levels of specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) were found in the CET group post- than pre-vaccination (p < 0.01), whereas higher levels of specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) were observed both in the NP (p < 0.05) and CET (p < 0.001) groups post-vaccination as compared to the pre-vaccination values. Serum levels of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) for IVV and CMV, as well as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-10, were similar between the time points evaluated. However, the IL-10/IL-6 ratio post-vaccination was higher (p < 0.05) in the CET group than that before vaccination. Negative correlations were observed between the specific IgG levels for IVV and CMV only in the CET group, both pre- and post-vaccination. In addition, negative correlations were found between IL-10 and specific IgG for CMV in all volunteer groups pre- and post-vaccination, whereas a positive correlation between IL-10 and specific-IgG for IVV pre- and post-vaccination was observed in the CET group. In addition, with the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay, it was found that 32.2% of the NP group and 32.6% of the CET group were responders to IVV and displayed reductions in the CMV serostatus (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively) and increases in naive and effector CD8+ T cells post-vaccination (p < 0.01). However, only the responders from the CET group showed significant reductions in the ratio of effector to naive CD8+ T cells (p < 0.05) and increased IL-10 levels post-vaccination (p < 0.001). In summary, this study demonstrates that the improvement in the response to IVV in CMV-seropositive older adults was related to an anti-inflammatory status and enhancement of naive CD8+ T cells, particularly associated with regular practice of CET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo S Felismino
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Science, University of Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana M B Santos
- Post-Graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rossi
- Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A F Santos
- Department of Medicine, Geriatry, Paulista School of Medicine (EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edison L Durigon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Scientific Platform Pasteur-University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle B L Oliveira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano M Thomazelli
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Monteiro
- Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Method Faculty of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana S Apostólico
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina N França
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Science, University of Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonatas B Amaral
- Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gislene R Amirato
- Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P Vieira
- Post-Graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Bioengineering, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Mauro Vaisberg
- Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André L L Bachi
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Science, University of Santo Amaro, São Paulo, Brazil.,Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
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Kouli A, Jensen M, Papastavrou V, Scott KM, Kolenda C, Parker C, Solim IH, Camacho M, Martin-Ruiz C, Williams-Gray CH. T lymphocyte senescence is attenuated in Parkinson's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:228. [PMID: 34645462 PMCID: PMC8513368 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune involvement is well-described in Parkinson’s disease (PD), including an adaptive T lymphocyte response. Given the increasing prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in older age, age-related dysregulation of T lymphocytes may be relevant in this disorder, and we have previously observed changes in age-associated CD8+ T cell subsets in mid-stage PD. This study aimed to further characterise T cell immunosenescence in newly diagnosed PD patients, including shifts in CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations, and changes in markers of cellular ageing in CD8+ T lymphocytes. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were extracted from the blood of 61 newly diagnosed PD patients and 63 age- and sex-matched controls. Flow cytometric analysis was used for immunophenotyping of CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocyte subsets, and analysis of recent thymic emigrant cells. Telomere length within CD8+ T lymphocytes was assessed, as well as the expression of the telomerase reverse transcriptase enzyme (hTERT), and the cell-ageing markers p16INK4a and p21CIP1/Waf1. Results The number of CD8+ TEMRA T cells was found to be significantly reduced in PD patients compared to controls. The expression of p16INK4a in CD8+ lymphocytes was also lower in patients versus controls. Chronic latent CMV infection was associated with increased senescent CD8+ lymphocytes in healthy controls, but this shift was less apparent in PD patients. Conclusions Taken together, our data demonstrate a reduction in CD8+ T cell replicative senescence which is present at the earliest stages of Parkinson’s disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02287-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Kouli
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK.
| | - Melanie Jensen
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK.,Department of Cellular Pathology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W6 8RF, UK
| | - Vanesa Papastavrou
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Kirsten M Scott
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Claire Kolenda
- Bioscience Institute, BioScreening Core Facility, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Craig Parker
- Bioscience Institute, BioScreening Core Facility, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Imtiaz H Solim
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Marta Camacho
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Carmen Martin-Ruiz
- Bioscience Institute, BioScreening Core Facility, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Caroline H Williams-Gray
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
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Shirakawa K, Sano M. T Cell Immunosenescence in Aging, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092435. [PMID: 34572084 PMCID: PMC8464832 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although advances in preventive medicine have greatly improved prognosis, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. This clearly indicates that there remain residual cardiovascular risks that have not been targeted by conventional therapies. The results of multiple animal studies and clinical trials clearly indicate that inflammation is the most important residual risk and a potential target for CVD prevention. The immune cell network is intricately regulated to maintain homeostasis. Ageing associated changes to the immune system occurs in both innate and adaptive immune cells, however T cells are most susceptible to this process. T-cell changes due to thymic degeneration and homeostatic proliferation, metabolic abnormalities, telomere length shortening, and epigenetic changes associated with aging and obesity may not only reduce normal immune function, but also induce inflammatory tendencies, a process referred to as immunosenescence. Since the disruption of biological homeostasis by T cell immunosenescence is closely related to the development and progression of CVD via inflammation, senescent T cells are attracting attention as a new therapeutic target. In this review, we discuss the relationship between CVD and T cell immunosenescence associated with aging and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Shirakawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138421, Japan;
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 1608582, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(3)-5363-3874
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Functional Changes of T-Cell Subsets with Age and CMV Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189973. [PMID: 34576140 PMCID: PMC8465008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) latent infection and aging contribute to alterations in the function and phenotype of the T-cell pool. We have demonstrated that CMV-seropositivity is associated with the expansion of polyfunctional CD57+ T-cells in young and middle-aged individuals in response to different stimuli. Here, we expand our results on the effects of age and CMV infection on T-cell functionality in a cohort of healthy middle-aged and older individuals stratified by CMV serostatus. Specifically, we studied the polyfunctional responses (degranulation, IFN-γ and TNF-α production) of CD4+, CD8+, CD8+CD56+ (NKT-like), and CD4−CD8− (DN) T-cells according to CD57 expression in response to Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB). Our results show that CD57 expression by T-cells is not only a hallmark of CMV infection in young individuals but also at older ages. CD57+ T-cells are more polyfunctional than CD57− T-cells regardless of age. CMV-seronegative individuals have no or a very low percentages of cytotoxic CD4+ T-cells (CD1017a+) and CD4+CD57+ T-cells, supporting the notion that the expansion of these T-cells only occurs in the context of CMV infection. There was a functional shift in T-cells associated with CMV seropositivity, except in the NKT-like subset. Here, we show that the effect of CMV infection and age differ among T-cell subsets and that CMV is the major driving force for the expansion of highly polyfunctional CD57+ T-cells, emphasizing the necessity of considering CMV serology in any study of immunosenescence.
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Shintouo CM, Shey RA, Mets T, Vanhamme L, Souopgui J, Ghogomu SM, Njemini R. Onchocerciasis Fingerprints in the Geriatric Population: Does Host Immunity Play a Role? Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:tropicalmed6030153. [PMID: 34449738 PMCID: PMC8396225 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6030153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most debilitating consequences of aging is the progressive decline in immune function, known as immunosenescence. This phenomenon is characterized by a shift in T-cell phenotypes, with a manifest decrease of naive T-cells-dealing with newly encountered antigens-and a concomitant accumulation of senescent and regulatory T-cells, leading to a greater risk of morbidity and mortality in older subjects. Additionally, with aging, several studies have unequivocally revealed an increase in the prevalence of onchocerciasis infection. Most lymphatic complications, skin and eye lesions due to onchocerciasis are more frequent among the elderly population. While the reasons for increased susceptibility to onchocerciasis with age are likely to be multi-factorial, age-associated immune dysfunction could play a key role in the onset and progression of the disease. On the other hand, there is a growing consensus that infection with onchocerciasis may evoke deleterious effects on the host's immunity and exacerbate immune dysfunction. Indeed, Onchocerca volvulus has been reported to counteract the immune responses of the host through molecular mimicry by impairing T-cell activation and interfering with the processing of antigens. Moreover, reports indicate impaired cellular and humoral immune responses even to non-parasite antigens in onchocerciasis patients. This diminished protective response may intensify the immunosenescence outcomes, with a consequent vulnerability of those affected to additional diseases. Taken together, this review is aimed at contributing to a better understanding of the immunological and potential pathological mechanisms of onchocerciasis in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cabirou Mounchili Shintouo
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (C.M.S.); (T.M.)
- Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (R.A.S.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Robert Adamu Shey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (R.A.S.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Tony Mets
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (C.M.S.); (T.M.)
- Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Vanhamme
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies Campus, 126040 Gosselies, Belgium; (L.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Jacob Souopgui
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Medicine, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies Campus, 126040 Gosselies, Belgium; (L.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Stephen Mbigha Ghogomu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon; (R.A.S.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Rose Njemini
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; (C.M.S.); (T.M.)
- Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-24774241
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Su FY, Mac QD, Sivakumar A, Kwong GA. Interfacing Biomaterials with Synthetic T Cell Immunity. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100157. [PMID: 33887123 PMCID: PMC8349871 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The clinical success of cancer immunotherapy is providing exciting opportunities for the development of new methods to detect and treat cancer more effectively. A new generation of biomaterials is being developed to interface with molecular and cellular features of immunity and ultimately shape or control anti-tumor responses. Recent advances that are supporting the advancement of engineered T cells are focused here. This class of cancer therapy has the potential to cure disease in subsets of patients, yet there remain challenges such as the need to improve response rates and safety while lowering costs to expand their use. To provide a focused overview, recent strategies in three areas of biomaterials research are highlighted: low-cost cell manufacturing to broaden patient access, noninvasive diagnostics for predictive monitoring of immune responses, and strategies for in vivo control that enhance anti-tumor immunity. These research efforts shed light on some of the challenges associated with T cell immunotherapy and how engineered biomaterials that interface with synthetic immunity are gaining traction to solve these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yi Su
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Quoc D Mac
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Anirudh Sivakumar
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Gabriel A Kwong
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Integrated Cancer Research Center, Georgia Immunoengineering Consortium, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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48
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Smith CJ, Snyder CM. Inhibitory Molecules PD-1, CD73 and CD39 Are Expressed by CD8 + T Cells in a Tissue-Dependent Manner and Can Inhibit T Cell Responses to Stimulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:704862. [PMID: 34335618 PMCID: PMC8320728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.704862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The salivary gland is an important tissue for persistence and transmission of multiple viruses. Previous work showed that salivary gland tissue-resident CD8+ T cells elicited by viruses were poorly functional ex vivo. Using a model of persistent murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection, we now show that CD8+ T cells in the salivary gland and other non-lymphoid tissues of mice express multiple molecules associated with T cell exhaustion including PD-1, CD73 and CD39. Strikingly however, these molecules were expressed independently of virus or antigen. Rather, PD-1-expressing T cells remained PD-1+ after migration into tissues regardless of infection, while CD73 was activated on CD8+ T cells by TGF-β signaling. Blockade of PD-L1, but not CD73, improved cytokine production by salivary gland T cells ex vivo and increased the expression of granzyme B after stimulation within the salivary gland. Nevertheless, salivary-gland localized CD8+ T cells could kill PD-L1-expressing targets in vivo, albeit with modest efficiency, and this was not improved by PD-L1 blockade. Moreover, the impact of PD-L1 blockade on granzyme B expression waned with time. In contrast, the function of kidney-localized T cells was improved by CD73 blockade, but was unaffected by PD-L1 blockade. These data show that tissue localization per se is associated with expression of inhibitory molecules that can impact T cell function, but that the functional impact of this expression is context- and tissue-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne J Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christopher M Snyder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Mihelson N, McGavern DB. Viral Control of Glioblastoma. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071264. [PMID: 34209584 PMCID: PMC8310222 DOI: 10.3390/v13071264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a universally lethal cancer of the central nervous system. Patients with GBM have a median survival of 14 months and a 5-year survival of less than 5%, a grim statistic that has remained unchanged over the last 50 years. GBM is intransigent for a variety of reasons. The immune system has a difficult time mounting a response against glioblastomas because they reside in the brain (an immunologically dampened compartment) and generate few neoantigens relative to other cancers. Glioblastomas inhabit the brain like sand in the grass and display a high degree of intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity, impeding efforts to therapeutically target a single pathway. Of all potential therapeutic strategies to date, virotherapy offers the greatest chance of counteracting each of the obstacles mounted by GBM. Virotherapy can xenogenize a tumor that is deft at behaving like “self”, triggering adaptive immune recognition in an otherwise immunologically quiet compartment. Viruses can also directly lyse tumor cells, creating damage and further stimulating secondary immune reactions that are detrimental to tumor growth. In this review, we summarize the basic immune mechanisms underpinning GBM immune evasion and the recent successes achieved using virotherapies.
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50
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Grut V, Biström M, Salzer J, Stridh P, Jons D, Gustafsson R, Fogdell-Hahn A, Huang J, Brenner N, Butt J, Bender N, Lindam A, Alonso-Magdalena L, Gunnarsson M, Vrethem M, Bergström T, Andersen O, Kockum I, Waterboer T, Olsson T, Sundström P. Cytomegalovirus seropositivity is associated with reduced risk of multiple sclerosis-a presymptomatic case-control study. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:3072-3079. [PMID: 34107122 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) are associated with increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Conversely, infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been suggested to reduce the risk of MS but supporting data from presymptomatic studies are lacking. Here, it was sought to increase the understanding of CMV in MS aetiology. METHODS A nested case-control study was performed with presymptomatically collected blood samples identified through crosslinkage of MS registries and Swedish biobanks. Serological antibody response against CMV, EBV and HHV-6A was determined using a bead-based multiplex assay. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for CMV seropositivity as a risk factor for MS was calculated by conditional logistic regression and adjusted for EBV and HHV-6A seropositivity. Potential interactions on the additive scale were analysed by calculating the attributable proportion due to interaction (AP). RESULTS Serum samples from 670 pairs of matched cases and controls were included. CMV seropositivity was associated with a reduced risk for MS (OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.56-0.88, p = 0.003). Statistical interactions on the additive scale were observed between seronegativity for CMV and seropositivity against HHV-6A (AP 0.34, 95% CI 0.06-0.61) and EBV antigen EBNA-1 (amino acid 385-420) at age 20-39 years (AP 0.37, 95% CI 0.09-0.65). CONCLUSIONS Cytomegalovirus seropositivity is associated with a decreased risk for MS. The protective role for CMV infection in MS aetiology is further supported by the interactions between CMV seronegativity and EBV and HHV-6A seropositivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Grut
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Biström
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Salzer
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Stridh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Jons
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rasmus Gustafsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Fogdell-Hahn
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesse Huang
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicole Brenner
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Butt
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Noemi Bender
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Lindam
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of Research, Education and Development Östersund Hospital, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lucia Alonso-Magdalena
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital in Malmö/Lund and Institution of Clinical Sciences, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Gunnarsson
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Magnus Vrethem
- Department of Neurology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tomas Bergström
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oluf Andersen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Sundström
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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