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Laezza M, Pisapia L, Toro B, Mercadante V, Rispo A, Gianfrani C, Del Pozzo G. Changes upon the gluten-free diet of HLA-DQ2 and TRAFD1 gene expression in peripheral blood of celiac disease patients. J Transl Autoimmun 2024; 8:100240. [PMID: 38694231 PMCID: PMC11060953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2024.100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immuno-mediated enteropathy caused by dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals carrying HLA (Human Leukocytes Antigen) genes that encode for DQ2.5 and DQ8 molecules. TRAFD1 (TRAF-type zinc finger domain 1) is a gene recently found associated with CD and defined as a master regulator of IFNγ signalling and of MHC class I antigen processing/presentation. There is no specific drug therapy and the only effective treatment is the gluten-free diet (GFD). The great majority of celiac patients when compliant with GFD have a complete remission of symptoms and recovery of gut mucosa architecture and function. Until now, very few studies have investigated molecular differences occurring in CD patients upon the GFD therapy. Methods We looked at the expression of both HLA DQ2.5 and TRAFD1 risk genes in adult patients with acute CD at the time of and in treated patients on GFD. Specifically, we measured by qPCR the HLA-DQ2.5 and TRAFD1 mRNAs on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the two groups of patients. Results When we compared the HLA-DQ mRNA expression, we didn't find significant variation between the two groups of patients, thus indicating that GFD patients have the same capability to present gliadin antigens to cognate T cells as patients with active disease. Conversely, TRAFD1 was more expressed in PBMC from treated CD subjects. Notably, TRAFD1 transcripts significantly increased in the patients analyzed longitudinally during the GFD, indicating a role in the downregulation of gluten-induced inflammatory pathways. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that HLA-DQ2.5 and TRAFD1 molecules are two important mediators of anti-gluten immune response and inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariavittoria Laezza
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso”, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Pisapia
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso”, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Benedetta Toro
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mercadante
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso”, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Rispo
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Gianfrani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Del Pozzo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati Traverso”, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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2
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Seidita A, Giuliano A, Soresi M, Chiavetta M, Nardi E, Mogavero G, Giannone G, Carroccio A, Mansueto P. Fecal calprotectin levels in patients with non-celiac wheat sensitivity: a proof of concept. Intern Emerg Med 2024:10.1007/s11739-024-03595-7. [PMID: 38609737 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-024-03595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Some data suggest the existence of intestinal inflammation in patients with non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS). We aimed to verify whether fecal calprotectin (FCP), a marker of intestinal inflammation, could be used to confirm this inflammatory status and to test its diagnostic performance in differentiating NCWS from irritable bowel syndrome/functional dyspepsia (IBS/FD). We conducted a multicenter study, comparing NCWS patients, diagnosed by a double-blind placebo-controlled wheat challenge, with IBS/FD subjects. In the retrospective phase, FCP values were analyzed to define the prevalence of its positivity and its role as a NCWS diagnostic biomarker. In the prospective phase we tested the effects of a strict 6-month wheat-free diet (WFD) on FCP values. 31.3% (n = 63/201) of NCWS patients had above normal FCP values (NCWS FCP +), whereas all IBS/FD patients proved negative (P = 0.0001). FCP using a cut-off value > 41 µg/g showed a 58.6% sensitivity and a 98.0% specificity (AUC 0.755, 95% C.I. 0.702-0.837) in distinguishing NCWS from IBS/FD patients. Of the 63 NCWS FCP+, 65.1% had negative FCP values after ≥ 6 months of WFD, with a significant reduction in FCP values (P < 0.0001). All NCWS FCP- subjects still preserved negative FCP values after ≥ 6 months of WFD. Our study showed that FCP can be a useful but supplementary diagnostic marker for differentiating between NCWS and IBS/FD. Strict WFD adherence reduced FCP values, normalizing them in 65.1% of NCWS FCP + subjects. These data suggest the existence of two NCWS subgroups: NCWS FCP + characterized by a probable predominantly inflammatory/immunologic pattern and NCWS FCP- featuring non-immuno-mediated etiopathogenetic mechanisms. (Registration number NCT01762579).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Seidita
- Unit of Internal Medicine, "V. Cervello" Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Via Trabucco, 180, 90146, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Giuliano
- Unit of Internal Medicine, "V. Cervello" Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Via Trabucco, 180, 90146, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Soresi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Chiavetta
- Unit of Internal Medicine, "V. Cervello" Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Via Trabucco, 180, 90146, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Emilio Nardi
- Unit of Internal Medicine II, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mogavero
- Unit of Gastroenterology, "V. Cervello" Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulio Giannone
- Pathology Unit, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Carroccio
- Unit of Internal Medicine, "V. Cervello" Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Via Trabucco, 180, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Mansueto
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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3
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Tran T, Senger S, Baldassarre M, Brosnan RA, Cristofori F, Crocco M, De Santis S, Elli L, Faherty CS, Francavilla R, Goodchild-Michelman I, Kenyon VA, Leonard MM, Lima RS, Malerba F, Montuori M, Morelli A, Norsa L, Passaro T, Piemontese P, Reed JC, Sansotta N, Valitutti F, Zomorrodi AR, Fasano A. Novel Bacteroides Vulgatus strain protects against gluten-induced break of human celiac gut epithelial homeostasis: a pre-clinical proof-of-concept study. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1254-1264. [PMID: 38177249 PMCID: PMC11035120 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We have identified a decreased abundance of microbial species known to have a potential anti-inflammatory, protective effect in subjects that developed Celiac Disease (CeD) compared to those who did not. We aim to confirm the potential protective role of one of these species, namely Bacteroides vulgatus, and to mechanistically establish the effect of bacterial bioproducts on gluten-dependent changes on human gut epithelial functions. METHODS We identified, isolated, cultivated, and sequenced a unique novel strain (20220303-A2) of B. vulgatus found only in control subjects. Using a human gut organoid system developed from pre-celiac patients, we monitored epithelial phenotype and innate immune cytokines at baseline, after exposure to gliadin, or gliadin plus B. vulgatus cell free supernatant (CFS). RESULTS Following gliadin exposure, we observed increases in epithelial cell death, epithelial monolayer permeability, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These effects were mitigated upon exposure to B. vulgatus 20220303-A2 CFS, which had matched phenotype gene product mutations. These protective effects were mediated by epigenetic reprogramming of the organoids treated with B. vulgatus CFS. CONCLUSIONS We identified a unique strain of B. vulgatus that may exert a beneficial role by protecting CeD epithelium against a gluten-induced break of epithelial tolerance through miRNA reprogramming. IMPACT Gut dysbiosis precedes the onset of celiac disease in genetically at-risk infants. This dysbiosis is characterized by the loss of protective bacterial strains in those children who will go on to develop celiac disease. The paper reports the mechanism by which one of these protective strains, B. vulgatus, ameliorates the gluten-induced break of gut epithelial homeostasis by epigenetically re-programming the target intestinal epithelium involving pathways controlling permeability, immune response, and cell turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Tran
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefania Senger
- Center for Scientific Review, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Rachel A Brosnan
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fernanda Cristofori
- Pediatric Unit "Bruno Trambusti", Osp Pediatrico Giovanni XXIII, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Crocco
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Ospedale Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Stefania De Santis
- Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Luca Elli
- Celiac Disease Referral Center, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Christina S Faherty
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruggero Francavilla
- Pediatric Unit "Bruno Trambusti", Osp Pediatrico Giovanni XXIII, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Isabella Goodchild-Michelman
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victoria A Kenyon
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maureen M Leonard
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rosiane S Lima
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Federica Malerba
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Ospedale Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Montuori
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Morelli
- Pediatric Training Program, University of Salerno School of Medicine, Salerno, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Norsa
- Pediatric Hepatology Gastroenterology and Transplant Unit, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Tiziana Passaro
- Celiac Disease Referral Center, "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona" University Hospital, Pole of Cava de' Tirreni, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pasqua Piemontese
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - James C Reed
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naire Sansotta
- Pediatric Hepatology Gastroenterology and Transplant Unit, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Francesco Valitutti
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ali R Zomorrodi
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General for Children, Boston, MA, USA.
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
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Trasciatti S, Grizzi F. Vitamin D and celiac disease. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2024; 109:249-270. [PMID: 38777415 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated condition affecting the small intestine. Its reported global prevalence falls within the range of 0.7% to 1.4%. Notably, historically, higher rates, reaching 1% in Western Ireland, have been documented. Recent research has even revealed prevalence rates as elevated as 2% in northern Europe. These findings underscore the urgency for swift and cost-effective diagnosis, especially in individuals identified through screening efforts. At present, the diagnosis of CD relies on a multifaceted approach involving positive serological markers such as IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-TTG) and anti-endomysial antibodies (anti-EMA). These serological findings are assessed in conjunction with classical histological alterations, as outlined in the Marsh classification. CD is an inflammatory condition triggered by the consumption of gluten, resulting from intricate interactions between genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. CD is linked to malabsorption, leading to nutritional deficiencies. Individuals with CD are required to adhere to a gluten-free diet, which itself can lead to nutrient deficiencies. One such deficiency includes vitamin D, and there is substantial experimental evidence supporting the notion of a bidirectional relationship between CD and vitamin D status. A low level of vitamin D has a detrimental impact on the clinical course of the disease. Here we summarize the key characteristics of CD and explore the prominent roles of vitamin D in individuals with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Grizzi
- Head Histology Core, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Asgari F, Nikzamir A, Baghaei K, Salami S, Masotti A, Rostami-Nejad M. Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Vitamin A and Tryptophan on Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Stimulated with Gliadin in Celiac Disease Patients. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02004-7. [PMID: 38492186 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Celiac Disease (CeD) is an autoimmune disorder with various symptoms upon gluten exposure. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in gliadin-induced inflammation. Vitamin A (retinol; Ret) and its metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), along with tryptophan (Trp) and its metabolite, kynurenic acid (KYNA), are known to influence the immune function of DCs and enhance their tolerogenicity. This research aims to assess the impact of gliadin on DC maturation and the potential of vitamin A and tryptophan to induce immune tolerance in DCs. The monocyte cells obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of celiac disease patients were differentiated into DCs in the absence or presence of Ret, RA, Trp, KYNA, and then stimulated with peptic and tryptic (PT) digested of gliadin. We used flow cytometry to analyze CD11c, CD14, HLA-DR, CD83, CD86, and CD103 expression. ELISA was carried out to measure TGF-β, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α levels. qRT-PCR was used to assess the mRNA expression of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) and integrin αE (CD103). The mRNA and protein levels of Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) was analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot assays, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that PT-gliadin enhances the expression of maturation markers, i.e. CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR and promote the secretion of TNF-α and IL-12 in DCs. Interestingly, vitamin A, tryptophan, and their metabolites increase the expression of CD103, while limiting the expression of HLA-DR, CD83, and CD86. They also enhance RALDH2 and IDO expression and promote the secretion of TGF-β and IL-10, while limiting IL-12 and TNF-α secretion. These findings suggest that vitamin A and tryptophan have beneficial effects on PT-gliadin-stimulated DCs, highlighting their potential as therapeutic agents for celiac disease. However, further research is needed to fully understand their underlying mechanisms of action in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Asgari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolrahim Nikzamir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Salami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Research Laboratories, V.le San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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McMillan A, Perez C, Brooks AE. A review of the long-term use of proton pump inhibitors and risk of celiac disease in the context of HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 genetic predisposition. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35351. [PMID: 37746961 PMCID: PMC10519524 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most prescribed and widely used medications; however, the long-term effects of these medications are only beginning to be investigated. Since the introduction of omeprazole in 1989, PPIs have become the first-choice treatment for esophagitis, peptic ulcer disease, Zoster-Ellison syndrome, dyspepsia, and the prevention of ulcers with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Recent studies have specifically examined the rise in celiac disease (CD) in this context. This review explores how PPIs may impact the development of CD and highlights the need for additional research into the environmental and genetic factors that influence the development and progression of the disease. A literature search was performed using the keywords celiac disease, proton pump inhibitors, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2, HLA-DQ8. The pathogenesis of CD is multifactorial, and human leukocyte antigens are one factor that may contribute to its development. Additionally, pharmaceuticals, such as PPIs, that cause gut dysbiosis have been linked to the inflammatory response present in CD. Recent studies have suggested that the rise in CD could be attributed to changes in the gut microbiome, highlighting the significant role that gut microbiota is proposed to play in CD pathogenesis. Although PPI therapy is helpful in reducing acid production in gastroesophageal disorders, additional information is needed to determine whether PPIs are still an appropriate treatment option with the possibility of developing CD in the future, particularly in the context of HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 predispositions. This review emphasizes the importance of personalized medicine for individuals with gastroesophageal disorders that require long-term use of PPIs.
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Klusóczki Á, Oláh B, Hosszú D, Fenyvesi F, Remenyik J, Homoki J, Gyöngyösi A, Bácskay I, Váradi J. Effectiveness of Anthocyanin-Rich Sour Cherry Extract on Gliadin-Induced Caco-2 Barrier Damage. Nutrients 2023; 15:4022. [PMID: 37764805 PMCID: PMC10535085 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several types of gluten-related disorders are known, in which the common starting point is gluten-induced zonulin release. Zonulin results in varying degrees of increased permeability in certain gluten-related disorders but is largely responsible for the development of further pathogenic processes and symptoms. Therefore, it is important to know the barrier-modulating role of individual nutritional components and to what extent the antioxidant substance supports the protection of gliadin-induced membrane damage with its radical scavenging capacity. We investigated the pH dependence of the gliadin-anthocyanin interaction using UV photometry, during which a concentration-dependent interaction was observed at pH 6.8. The barrier modulatory effect of the anthocyanin-rich sour cherry extract (AC) was analyzed on Caco-2 cell culture with pepsin-trypsin-resistant gliadin (PT-gliadin) exposure by TEER measurement, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and Occludin immunohistochemistry. In addition to the TEER-reducing and TJ-rearranging effects of PT-gliadin, NF-κB activation, an increase in cytokine (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-8) release, and mitochondrial ROS levels were observed. We confirmed the anti-inflammatory, stabilizing, and restoring roles of AC extract during gliadin treatment on the Caco-2 monolayer. The extract was able to significantly reduce cytokine and ROS levels despite the known interaction of the main components of the extract with PT-gliadin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Klusóczki
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Boglárka Oláh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.O.); (D.H.); (F.F.); (I.B.)
| | - Dominik Hosszú
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.O.); (D.H.); (F.F.); (I.B.)
| | - Ferenc Fenyvesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.O.); (D.H.); (F.F.); (I.B.)
| | - Judit Remenyik
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (J.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Judit Homoki
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (J.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Alexandra Gyöngyösi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.O.); (D.H.); (F.F.); (I.B.)
| | - Judit Váradi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.O.); (D.H.); (F.F.); (I.B.)
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8
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Mohamed EL Kafoury B, Ebrahim AT, Abd-El Hamid Ali MS, Shaker Mehanna N, Ibrahim Ramadan GES, Ezzat Morsy W. Short chain fatty acids and GIT hormones mitigate gut barrier disruption in high fat diet fed rats supplemented by synbiotics. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2023; 16:139-163. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-230026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
High fat diet (HFD) predisposes to many metabolic changes; it may disrupt gut barrier integrity and gut microbiota composition. Synbiotic supplementation may promote host’s metabolic health by selective activation of the healthy microorganisms. This study aimed to probe the interaction between synbiotic supplementation, gut microbiota and gut hormones in HFD states. Twenty-seven adult male albino rats, 3 groups, group I: control, group II: HFD received HFD for 12 weeks and group III: synbiotic-supplemented HFD received synbiotic in the last 6 weeks. The anthropometric measurments were measured. Liver transaminases, lipid profile, parameters of insulin resistance, serum serotonin, glucagon like polypeptide-1 (GLP-1), oxidant/antioxidant markers (MDA/GPx), zonulin levels and quantitative cecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were assessed. Samples of liver and colon were employed for histopathological studies. Compared to HFD group, synbiotic led to a significant reduction in anthropometric measurements, liver enzymes, atherogenic index, HOMA-IR and MDA denoting improved dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and oxidative state. Moreover, synbiotic supplementation decreased serum zonulin and increased both serum serotonin, GLP-1 and cecal SCFAs. Synbiotic supplementation ameliorated the metabolic derangements and the disturbed integrity of the intestinal barrier induced by HFD. As synbiotics can increase gut hormones (serum GLP-1&serotonin) and SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asmaa Tarek Ebrahim
- Assistant Lecturer of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal Said Abd-El Hamid Ali
- Assistant Professor of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Assistant Professor of Physiology, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nayra Shaker Mehanna
- Professor of Dairy and Food Microbiology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Wessam Ezzat Morsy
- Assistant Professor of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Assistant Professor of Physiology, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
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9
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Veres-Székely A, Szász C, Pap D, Szebeni B, Bokrossy P, Vannay Á. Zonulin as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Disorders: Encouraging Results and Emerging Questions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087548. [PMID: 37108711 PMCID: PMC10139156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between dysbiosis and central nervous diseases has been proved in the last 10 years. Microbial alterations cause increased intestinal permeability, and the penetration of bacterial fragment and toxins induces local and systemic inflammatory processes, affecting distant organs, including the brain. Therefore, the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier plays a central role in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In this review, we discuss recent findings on zonulin, an important tight junction regulator of intestinal epithelial cells, which is assumed to play a key role in maintaining of the blood-brain barrier function. In addition to focusing on the effect of microbiome on intestinal zonulin release, we also summarize potential pharmaceutical approaches to modulate zonulin-associated pathways with larazotide acetate and other zonulin receptor agonists or antagonists. The present review also addresses the emerging issues, including the use of misleading nomenclature or the unsolved questions about the exact protein sequence of zonulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apor Veres-Székely
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csenge Szász
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domonkos Pap
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Szebeni
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Bokrossy
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Vannay
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, 1052 Budapest, Hungary
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10
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Aguilar EC, Fernandes-Braga W, Leocádio PCL, Campos GP, Lemos VS, de Oliveira RP, Caetano de Faria AM, Dos Santos Aggum Capettini L, Alvarez-Leite JI. Dietary gluten worsens hepatic steatosis by increasing inflammation and oxidative stress in ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2023; 14:3332-3347. [PMID: 36940107 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00149k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disorder in the world. We have seen that gluten intake exacerbated obesity and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. In this study, we investigated the effect of gluten consumption on inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver of mice with NAFLD. Male ApoE-/- mice were fed a gluten-free (GF-HFD) or gluten-containing (G-HFD) high-fat diet for 10 weeks. Blood, liver, and spleen were collected to perform the analyses. The animals of the gluten group had increased hepatic steatosis, followed by increased serum AST and ALT. Gluten intake increased hepatic infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, and eosinophils, as well as the levels of chemotaxis-related factors CCL2, Cxcl2, and Cxcr3. The production of the TNF, IL-1β, IFNγ, and IL-4 cytokines in the liver was also increased by gluten intake. Furthermore, gluten exacerbated the hepatic lipid peroxidation and nitrotyrosine deposition, which were associated with increased production of ROS and nitric oxide. These effects were related to increased expression of NADPH oxidase and iNOS, as well as decreased activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes. There was an increased hepatic expression of the NF-κB and AP1 transcription factors, corroborating the worsening effect of gluten on inflammation and oxidative stress. Finally, we found an increased frequency of CD4+FOXP3+ lymphocytes in the spleen and increased gene expression of Foxp3 in the livers of the G-HFD group. In conclusion, dietary gluten aggravates NAFLD, exacerbating hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress in obese ApoE-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edenil Costa Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais/UFMG, Caixa Postal 486, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Weslley Fernandes-Braga
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais/UFMG, Caixa Postal 486, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil. .,Precision Immunology Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Paola Caroline Lacerda Leocádio
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais/UFMG, Caixa Postal 486, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Gianne Paul Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Virginia Soares Lemos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Maria Caetano de Faria
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais/UFMG, Caixa Postal 486, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | | | - Jacqueline I Alvarez-Leite
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais/UFMG, Caixa Postal 486, 30161-970 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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11
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Molaaghaee-Rouzbahani S, Asri N, Sapone A, Baghaei K, Yadegar A, Amani D, Rostami-Nejad M. Akkermansia muciniphila exerts immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects on gliadin-stimulated THP-1 derived macrophages. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3237. [PMID: 36828897 PMCID: PMC9958093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (MQs) pro-inflammatory phenotype is triggered by gliadin peptides. Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) showed to enhance the anti-inflammatory phenotype of MQs. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of A. muciniphila, on gliadin stimulated THP-1 derived macrophages. THP-1 cell line monocytes were differentiated into MQs by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). MQs were treated with A. muciniphila before and after stimulation with gliadin (pre- and post-treat). CD11b, as a marker of macrophage differentiation, and CD206 and CD80, as M1 and M2 markers, were evaluated by flow cytometry technique. The mRNA expression of TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-10 and protein levels of IL-10 and TNF-α were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA techniques, respectively. Results show an increased percentage of M1 phenotype and release of proinflammatory cytokines (like TNF-α and IL-6) by macrophages upon incubation with gliadin. Pre- and post-treatment of gliadin-stimulated macrophages with A. muciniphila induced M2 phenotype associated with decreased proinflammatory (IL-6, TNF-α) and increased anti-inflammatory (IL-10, TGF-β) cytokines expression relative to the group that was treated with gliadin alone. This study suggests the potential beneficial effect of A. muciniphila on gliadin-stimulated MQs and the importance of future studies focusing on their exact mechanism of action on these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Molaaghaee-Rouzbahani
- grid.411600.2Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Asri
- grid.411600.2Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anna Sapone
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- grid.411600.2Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- grid.411600.2Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davar Amani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Farina F, Laezza M, Fasano A, Del Pozzo G. In vitro differentiation of macrophages from peripheral blood cells of celiac patients. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 179:103-112. [PMID: 37625868 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages have both a protective and pathological role in many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Macrophages phenotype is regulated by the environment that affects their polarization toward a pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotype. We describe a protocol for in vitro differentiation of macrophages from blood peripheral monocytes, that may be adopted to study different pathologies. Here, we are interested to study the phenotype of macrophages differentiated from patients affected by acute celiac disease (CD) or subjects following a gluten free diet (GFD), after in vitro gliadin challenge. We assess the pro-inflammatory phenotype of these macrophages by cytokines quantization on the cell supernatant. Moreover, our proposed protocol allows the preparation of total RNA to analyze the expression profile of many genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Farina
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
| | - Mariavittoria Laezza
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso", Italian National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Fasano
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Giovanna Del Pozzo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso", Italian National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy.
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13
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Leaky Gut and the Ingredients That Help Treat It: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020619. [PMID: 36677677 PMCID: PMC9862683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is in daily contact with potentially toxic and infectious substances in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The GIT has the most significant load of antigens. The GIT can protect the intestinal integrity by allowing the passage of beneficial agents and blocking the path of harmful substances. Under normal conditions, a healthy intestinal barrier prevents toxic elements from entering the blood stream. However, factors such as stress, an unhealthy diet, excessive alcohol, antibiotics, and drug consumption can compromise the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the homeostasis of the intestinal barrier function of the intestine, leading to increased intestinal permeability. Intestinal hyperpermeability can allow the entry of harmful agents through the junctions of the intestinal epithelium, which pass into the bloodstream and affect various organs and systems. Thus, leaky gut syndrome and intestinal barrier dysfunction are associated with intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome, as well as extra-intestinal diseases, including heart diseases, obesity, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and celiac disease. Given the relationship between intestinal permeability and numerous conditions, it is convenient to seek an excellent strategy to avoid or reduce the increase in intestinal permeability. The impact of dietary nutrients on barrier function can be crucial for designing new strategies for patients with the pathogenesis of leaky gut-related diseases associated with epithelial barrier dysfunctions. In this review article, the role of functional ingredients is suggested as mediators of leaky gut-related disorders.
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14
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Chaykin A, Odintsova` E, Nedorubov A. Celiac Disease: Disease Models in Understanding Pathogenesis and Search for Therapy. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.11024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease is a complex polygenic systemic disorder caused by dietary gluten exposure that selectively occurs in genetically susceptible people. The potential celiac disease is defined by the presence of celiac disease-specific antibodies and compatible human leukocyte antigen but without histological abnormalities in duodenal biopsies. At present, the only treatment is lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet. Despite its effectiveness, the diet is difficult to maintain due to its cost, availability of gluten-free foods, and hidden gluten. The need to develop non-dietary treatment methods is widely recognized, but this is prevented by the absence of a pathophysiologically relevant preclinical model. Nonetheless, in vitro and in vivo models have made it possible to investigate the mechanisms of the disease and develop new treatment approaches: The use of foods with neutralized gluten, microbiota correction, cocktails of specific endoproteinase, polymer gluten binders, specific inhibitors of transglutaminases and inflammatory cytokines, and a vaccine based on allergen-specific therapy.
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15
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Talipova D, Smagulova A, Poddighe D. Toll-like Receptors and Celiac Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:265. [PMID: 36613709 PMCID: PMC9820541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by dietary gluten intake in some genetically predisposed individuals; however, the additional non-HLA-related genetic factors implicated in CD immunopathogenesis are not well-defined. The role of the innate immune system in autoimmunity has emerged in the last few years. Genetic polymorphisms of some pattern-recognition receptors, including toll-like receptors (TLRs), have been associated with several autoimmune disorders. In this review, we summarize and discuss the evidence from basic research and clinical studies as regards the potential role of TLRs in CD immunopathogenesis. The evidence supporting the role of TLRs in CD immunopathogenesis is limited, especially in terms of basic research. However, differences in the expression and activation of TLRs between active CD patients from one side, and controls and treated CD patients from the other side, have been described in some clinical studies. Therefore, TLRs may be part of those non-HLA-related genetic factors implicated in CD etiopathogenesis, considering their potential role in the interaction between the host immune system and some environmental factors (including viral infections and gut microbiota), which are included in the list of candidate agents potentially contributing to the determination of CD risk in genetically predisposed individuals exposed to dietary gluten intake. Further basic research and clinical studies focused on TLRs in the context of CD and other gluten-related disorders are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Talipova
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Aiganym Smagulova
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Dimitri Poddighe
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Clinical Academic Department of Pediatrics, National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, University Medical Center, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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16
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Molaaghaee‐Rouzbahani S, Asri N, Jahani‐Sherafat S, Amani D, Masotti A, Baghaei K, Yadegar A, Mirjalali H, Rostami‐Nejad M. The modulation of macrophage subsets in celiac disease pathogenesis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e741. [PMID: 36444633 PMCID: PMC9667199 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND So far, limited studies have focused on the role of Macrophages (MQs) in the development or progression of celiac disease (CD). Researchers believe that increasing knowledge about the function of MQs in inflammatory disorders plays a critical role in finding a new treatment for these kinds of diseases. MAIN BODY CD is a permanent autoimmune intestinal disorder triggered by gluten exposure in predisposed individuals. This disorder happens due to the loss of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity characterized by dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses. MQs are known as key players of the innate immune system that link innate and adaptive immunity. MQs of human intestinal lamina propria participate in maintaining tissue homeostasis, and also intestinal inflammation development. Previous studies suggested that gliadin triggers a proinflammatory phenotype (M1 MQ) in human primary MQs. Moreover, M2-related immunosuppressive mediators are also present in CD. In fact, CD patients present an impaired transition from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory responses due to inappropriate responses to gliadin peptides. CONCLUSION The M1/M2 MQs polarization balancing regulators can be considered novel therapeutic targets for celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nastaran Asri
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Somayeh Jahani‐Sherafat
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Davar Amani
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital‐IRCCSResearch LaboratoriesRomeItaly
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammad Rostami‐Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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17
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Constante M, Libertucci J, Galipeau HJ, Szamosi JC, Rueda G, Miranda PM, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Southward CM, Rossi L, Fontes ME, Chirdo FG, Surette MG, Bercik P, Caminero A, Verdu EF. Biogeographic Variation and Functional Pathways of the Gut Microbiota in Celiac Disease. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:1351-1363.e15. [PMID: 35810781 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Genes and gluten are necessary but insufficient to cause celiac disease (CeD). Altered gut microbiota has been implicated as an additional risk factor. Variability in sampling site may confound interpretation and mechanistic insight, as CeD primarily affects the small intestine. Thus, we characterized CeD microbiota along the duodenum and in feces and verified functional impact in gnotobiotic mice. METHODS We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina) and predicted gene function (PICRUSt2) in duodenal biopsies (D1, D2 and D3), aspirates, and stool from patients with active CeD and controls. CeD alleles were determined in consented participants. A subset of duodenal samples stratified according to similar CeD risk genotypes (controls DQ2-/- or DQ2+/- and CeD DQ2+/-) were used for further analysis and to colonize germ-free mice for gluten metabolism studies. RESULTS Microbiota composition and predicted function in CeD was largely determined by intestinal location. In the duodenum, but not stool, there was higher abundance of Escherichia coli (D1), Prevotella salivae (D2), and Neisseria (D3) in CeD vs controls. Predicted bacterial protease and peptidase genes were altered in CeD and impaired gluten degradation was detected only in mice colonized with CeD microbiota. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed luminal and mucosal microbial niches along the gut in CeD. We identified novel microbial proteolytic pathways involved in gluten detoxification that are impaired in CeD but not in controls carrying DQ2, suggesting an association with active duodenal inflammation. Sampling site should be considered a confounding factor in microbiome studies in CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Constante
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josie Libertucci
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather J Galipeau
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jake C Szamosi
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gaston Rueda
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pedro M Miranda
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Ines Pinto-Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolyn M Southward
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle E Fontes
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fernando G Chirdo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-National Scientific and Technical Research Council, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Michael G Surette
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alberto Caminero
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Elena F Verdu
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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18
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Ailioaie LM, Ailioaie C, Litscher G, Chiran DA. Celiac Disease and Targeting the Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmunity in COVID Pandemic. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147719. [PMID: 35887067 PMCID: PMC9322892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) comprises over 1% of the world’s population and is a chronic multisystem immune-mediated condition manifested by digestive and/or extradigestive symptoms caused by food intake of gluten. This review looked at the risk of children diagnosed with CD developing SARS-CoV-2 infection and possible severe forms of COVID-19. A better understanding of the interaction and effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in CD is very important, as is the role of environmental and genetic factors, but especially the molecular mechanisms involved in modulating intestinal permeability with impact on autoimmunity. CD inspired the testing of a zonulin antagonist for the fulminant form of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and paved the way for the discovery of new molecules to regulate the small intestine barrier function and immune responses. Original published works on COVID-19 and CD, new data and points of view have been analyzed because this dangerous virus SARS-CoV-2 is still here and yet influencing our lives. Medical science continues to focus on all uncertainties triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection and its consequences, including in CD. Although the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be gradually extinguishing, there is a wealth of information and knowledge gained over the last two years and important life lessons to analyze, as well as relevant conclusions to be drawn to deal with future pandemics. Zonulin is being studied extensively in immunoengineering as an adjuvant to improving the absorption of new drugs and oral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marinela Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (L.M.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Constantin Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (L.M.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Gerhard Litscher
- Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Research Center Graz, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 39, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-83907
| | - Dragos Andrei Chiran
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii St., 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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19
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Ailioaie LM, Ailioaie C, Litscher G, Chiran DA. Celiac Disease and Targeting the Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmunity in COVID Pandemic. Int J Mol Sci 2022. [PMID: 35887067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147719.pmid:35887067;pmcid:pmc9322892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) comprises over 1% of the world's population and is a chronic multisystem immune-mediated condition manifested by digestive and/or extradigestive symptoms caused by food intake of gluten. This review looked at the risk of children diagnosed with CD developing SARS-CoV-2 infection and possible severe forms of COVID-19. A better understanding of the interaction and effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in CD is very important, as is the role of environmental and genetic factors, but especially the molecular mechanisms involved in modulating intestinal permeability with impact on autoimmunity. CD inspired the testing of a zonulin antagonist for the fulminant form of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and paved the way for the discovery of new molecules to regulate the small intestine barrier function and immune responses. Original published works on COVID-19 and CD, new data and points of view have been analyzed because this dangerous virus SARS-CoV-2 is still here and yet influencing our lives. Medical science continues to focus on all uncertainties triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection and its consequences, including in CD. Although the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be gradually extinguishing, there is a wealth of information and knowledge gained over the last two years and important life lessons to analyze, as well as relevant conclusions to be drawn to deal with future pandemics. Zonulin is being studied extensively in immunoengineering as an adjuvant to improving the absorption of new drugs and oral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marinela Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Constantin Ailioaie
- Department of Medical Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gerhard Litscher
- Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Research Center Graz, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 39, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Dragos Andrei Chiran
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii St., 700115 Iasi, Romania
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20
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Kang D, Shin D, Choe H, Hwang D, Bugenyi AW, Na CS, Lee HK, Heo J, Shim K. Transcriptome-wide analysis reveals gluten-induced suppression of
small intestine development in young chickens. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:752-769. [PMID: 35969701 PMCID: PMC9353357 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Wheat gluten is an increasingly common ingredient in poultry diets but its impact
on the small intestine in chicken is not fully understood. This study aimed to
identify effects of high-gluten diets on chicken small intestines and the
variation of their associated transcriptional responses by age. A total of 120
broilers (Ross Strain) were used to perform two animal experiments consisting of
two gluten inclusion levels (0% or 25%) by bird’s age (1
week or 4 weeks). Transcriptomics and histochemical techniques were employed to
study the effect of gluten on their duodenal mucosa using randomly selected 12
broilers (3 chicks per group). A reduction in feed intake and body weight gain
was found in the broilers fed a high-gluten containing diet at both ages.
Histochemical photomicrographs showed a reduced villus height to crypt depth
ratio in the duodenum of gluten-fed broilers at 1 week. We found mainly a
significant effect on the gene expression of duodenal mucosa in gluten-fed
broilers at 1 week (289 differentially expressed genes [DEGs]). Pathway analyses
revealed that the significant DEGs were mainly involved in ribosome, oxidative
phosphorylation, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling
pathways. These pathways are involved in ribosome protein biogenesis, oxidative
phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism, respectively. Our results suggest a
pattern of differential gene expression in these pathways that can be linked to
chronic inflammation, suppression of cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest and
apoptosis. And via such a mode of action, high-gluten inclusion levels in
poultry diets could lead to the observed retardation of villi development in the
duodenal mucosa of young broiler chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darae Kang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Donghyun Shin
- Department of Agricultural Convergence
Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
| | - Hosung Choe
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Doyon Hwang
- Institute for Animal Products Quality
Evaluation, Sejong 339011, Korea
| | - Andrew Wange Bugenyi
- Department of Agricultural Convergence
Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
- National Agricultural Research
Organization, Entebbe 295, Uganda
| | - Chong-Sam Na
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Heo
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Corresponding author: Jaeyoung Heo,
Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea. Tel: +82-63-270-2549, E-mail:
| | - Kwanseob Shim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Corresponding author: Kwanseob Shim,
Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea. Tel: +82-63-270-2609, E-mail:
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21
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Trasciatti S, Piras F, Bonaretti S, Marini S, Nencioni S, Biasci E, Egan CG, Nannipieri F. Effect of oral cholecalciferol in a murine model of celiac disease: A dose ranging study. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 220:106083. [PMID: 35257869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown a relationship between vitamin D and celiac disease (CD), however little evidence is available examining the direct effects of vitamin D on pathological features of this disease. In this study we evaluated the effect of oral administration of different doses of native vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) in enteropathic mice. Female non-obese diabetic (NOD)/ShiLt.J mice were fed standard or gluten-free diet and administered gliadin (5 μg/kg) to induce a celiac pathology. Healthy control (gluten-free diet, without gliadin) and control for pathology (standard diet, with gliadin) were administered olive oil. All other experimental groups received gliadin and standard diet plus oral cholecalciferol (5, 10, 20, 50 and 130 μg/kg). Serum levels of 25(OH)D3, calcium and zonulin and expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), CD3 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) by immunohistochemistry as well as intestinal histological and histomorphometric analyses were undertaken. Although no difference in serum levels of 25(OH)D3, calcium or zonulin was observed in cholecalciferol-treated mice vs. healthy controls, a significant improvement in intestinal mucosa pathological features in mice administered cholecalciferol was observed by histological analysis. Villi length was also significantly increased by cholecalciferol in a dose-dependent manner. Immunohistochemical staining revealed increased expression of CD3 and ZO-1 in celiac mice compared to mice receiving high dose (130 μg/kg) cholecalciferol. These findings show the effect of oral cholecalciferol on signature features of CD in a mouse model of CD. Further dose-ranging studies to investigate the efficacy of cholecalciferol for the treatment of CD are warranted.
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22
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Functional implications of the CpG island methylation in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10051-10064. [PMID: 35633417 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07585-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of gene-environment cross talk through epigenetic modifications led to better understanding of the number of complex diseases. Clinical heterogeneity and differential treatment response often contributed by the epigenetic signatures which could be personal. DNA methylation at CpG islands presents a critical nuclear process as a result of gene-environment interactions. These CpG islands are frequently present near the promoter sequence of genes and get differentially methylated under specific environmental conditions. Technical advancements facilitate in high throughput screening of differentially methylated CpG islands. Recent epigenetic studies unraveled several CD susceptibility genes expressed in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), duodenal mucosa, lamina and epithelial cells that are influenced by differentially methylated CpG islands. Here we highlighted these susceptibility genes; classify these genes based on cellular functions and tissue of expression. We further discussed how these genes interacts with each other to influence critical pathways like NF-κB signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling cascade, RIG-I like receptor signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor pathways among several others. This review also shed light on how gut microbiota may lead to the differential methylation of CpG islands of CD susceptibility genes. Large scale epigenetic studies followed by estimation of heritability of these CpG methylation and polygenic risk score estimation of these genes would prioritize potentially druggable targets for better therapeutics. In vivo studies are warranted to unravel further cellular responses to CpG methylation.
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23
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Effects of CB2 Receptor Modulation on Macrophage Polarization in Pediatric Celiac Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040874. [PMID: 35453624 PMCID: PMC9029516 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac Disease (CD) represents an autoimmune disorder triggered by the exposure to gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Recent studies suggest the involvement of macrophages in CD pathogenesis. Macrophages are immune cells, present as pro-inflammatory classically activated macrophages (M1) or as anti-inflammatory alternatively activated macrophages (M2). The Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2) has important anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. We previously demonstrated that a common CB2 functional variant, Q63R, causing CB2 reduced function, is associated with several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases The first aim of this study was to investigate the phenotype of macrophages isolated from peripheral blood of CD patients and CB2 expression. The second aim was to evaluate the effects of CB2 pharmacological modulation on CD macrophage polarization. Moreover, by an in vitro model of “immunocompetent gut” we investigated the role of CD macrophages in inducing intestinal barrier damage and the possibility to restore its functionality modulating their polarization. We found an increased expression of M1 macrophages and a CB2 reduced expression. We also demonstrated CD M1 macrophages in inducing the typical mucosal barrier damage of CD. CB2 stimulation switches macrophage polarization towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype thus reducing inflammation but also limiting the epithelial dysfunction. Therefore, we suggest CB2 receptor as a possible novel therapeutic target for CD by regulating macrophages polarization and by preventing mucosal barrier damage.
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24
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Aboulaghras S, Piancatelli D, Oumhani K, Balahbib A, Bouyahya A, Taghzouti K. Pathophysiology and immunogenetics of celiac disease. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 528:74-83. [PMID: 35120899 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory enteropathy caused by gluten (protein from wheat, rye and, barley) in genetically predisposed individuals carrying the HLA-DQ2/HLA-DQ8 genotype. This pathology has a multifactorial etiology in which HLA genes, the microbiome, gluten and, other environmental factors are involved in the development of the disease. Its pathogenesis involves both innate and adaptive immunity as well as upregulation of IL-15. The objective of this review is to examine the results of current studies on genetic and environmental variables to better understand the pathogenesis of this enteropathy. The complex etiology of celiac disease makes our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease incomplete, and a better knowledge of the many genetic and environmental components would help us better understand the pathophysiology of celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Aboulaghras
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Institut National d'Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Daniela Piancatelli
- National Research Council (CNR)-Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Khadija Oumhani
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Institut National d'Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaali Balahbib
- Laboratory of Zoology and General Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies Research, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Khalid Taghzouti
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
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25
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Lauxmann MA, Vazquez DS, Schilbert HM, Neubauer PR, Lammers KM, Dodero VI. From celiac disease to coccidia infection and vice-versa: The polyQ peptide CXCR3-interaction axis. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100101. [PMID: 34705290 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Zonulin is a physiological modulator of intercellular tight junctions, which upregulation is involved in several diseases like celiac disease (CeD). The polyQ gliadin fragment binds to the CXCR3 chemokine receptor that activates zonulin upregulation, leading to increased intestinal permeability in humans. Here, we report a general hypothesis based on the structural connection between the polyQ sequence of the immunogenic CeD protein, gliadin, and enteric coccidian parasites proteins. Firstly, a novel interaction pathway between the parasites and the host is described based on the structural similarities between polyQ gliadin fragments and the parasite proteins. Secondly, a potential connection between coccidial infections as a novel environmental trigger of CeD is hypothesized. Therefore, this report represents a promising breakthrough for coccidian research and points out the potential role of coccidian parasites as a novel trigger of CeD that might define a preventive strategy for gluten-related disorders in general. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/oMaQasStcFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Lauxmann
- Institute for Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, Germany.,Department of Nephrology, Campus Clinic Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) Theodor Fontane, Germany
| | - Diego S Vazquez
- Grupo de Biología Estructural y Biotecnología (GBEyB-IMBICE), Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hanna M Schilbert
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry OCIII, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld, Germany.,Genetics and Genomics of Plants, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec) & Faculty of Biology, Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld, 33615, Germany
| | - Pia R Neubauer
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry OCIII, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Veronica I Dodero
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry OCIII, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, Bielefeld, Germany
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26
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Ren Z, Pan L, Huang Y, Chen H, Liu Y, Liu H, Tu X, Liu Y, Li B, Dong X, Pan X, Li H, Fu YV, Agerberth B, Diana J, Sun J. Gut microbiota-CRAMP axis shapes intestinal barrier function and immune responses in dietary gluten-induced enteropathy. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14059. [PMID: 34125490 PMCID: PMC8350901 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the gut, cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) has been largely described for its anti-infective activities. With an increasing recognition of its immune regulatory effects in extra-intestinal diseases, the role of CRAMP in gluten-induced small intestinal enteropathy celiac disease remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the unexplored role of CRAMP in celiac disease. By applying a mouse model of gluten-induced enteropathy (GIE) recapitulating small intestinal enteropathy of celiac disease, we observed defective CRAMP production in duodenal epithelium during GIE. CRAMP-deficient mice were susceptible to the development of GIE. Exogenous CRAMP corrected gliadin-triggered epithelial dysfunction and promoted regulatory immune responses at the intestinal mucosa. Additionally, GIE-associated gut dysbiosis with enriched Pseudomonas aeruginosa and production of the protease LasB contributed to defective intestinal CRAMP production. These results highlight microbiota-CRAMP axis in the modulation of barrier function and immune responses in GIE. Hence, modulating CRAMP may represent a therapeutic strategy for celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Li‐Long Pan
- Wuxi Medical SchoolJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Yiwen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismSir Run Run Shaw HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - He Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Xing Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Yanyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Binbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Xiaoliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Hanfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial ResourcesInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Savaid Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Yu V Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial ResourcesInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Savaid Medical SchoolUniversity of Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Birgitta Agerberth
- Department of Laboratory MedicineDivision of Clinical MicrobiologyKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University Hospital HuddingeStockholmSweden
| | - Julien Diana
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM)Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)ParisFrance
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
- School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
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27
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Yonker LM, Gilboa T, Ogata AF, Senussi Y, Lazarovits R, Boribong BP, Bartsch YC, Loiselle M, Rivas MN, Porritt RA, Lima R, Davis JP, Farkas EJ, Burns MD, Young N, Mahajan VS, Hajizadeh S, Lopez XIH, Kreuzer J, Morris R, Martinez EE, Han I, Griswold K, Barry NC, Thompson DB, Church G, Edlow AG, Haas W, Pillai S, Arditi M, Alter G, Walt DR, Fasano A. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children is driven by zonulin-dependent loss of gut mucosal barrier. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:149633. [PMID: 34032635 DOI: 10.1172/jci149633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDWeeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection or exposure, some children develop a severe, life-threatening illness called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common in patients with MIS-C, and a severe hyperinflammatory response ensues with potential for cardiac complications. The cause of MIS-C has not been identified to date.METHODSHere, we analyzed biospecimens from 100 children: 19 with MIS-C, 26 with acute COVID-19, and 55 controls. Stools were assessed for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and plasma was examined for markers of breakdown of mucosal barrier integrity, including zonulin. Ultrasensitive antigen detection was used to probe for SARS-CoV-2 antigenemia in plasma, and immune responses were characterized. As a proof of concept, we treated a patient with MIS-C with larazotide, a zonulin antagonist, and monitored the effect on antigenemia and the patient's clinical response.RESULTSWe showed that in children with MIS-C, a prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the GI tract led to the release of zonulin, a biomarker of intestinal permeability, with subsequent trafficking of SARS-CoV-2 antigens into the bloodstream, leading to hyperinflammation. The patient with MIS-C treated with larazotide had a coinciding decrease in plasma SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen levels and inflammatory markers and a resultant clinical improvement above that achieved with currently available treatments.CONCLUSIONThese mechanistic data on MIS-C pathogenesis provide insight into targets for diagnosing, treating, and preventing MIS-C, which are urgently needed for this increasingly common severe COVID-19-related disease in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lael M Yonker
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and.,Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tal Gilboa
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alana F Ogata
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yasmeen Senussi
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roey Lazarovits
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brittany P Boribong
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and.,Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yannic C Bartsch
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ragon Institute of MIT, MGH and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Magali Noval Rivas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rebecca A Porritt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rosiane Lima
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and
| | | | - Eva J Farkas
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and
| | | | - Nicola Young
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and
| | - Vinay S Mahajan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ragon Institute of MIT, MGH and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Soroush Hajizadeh
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xcanda I Herrera Lopez
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Johannes Kreuzer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Morris
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Enid E Martinez
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isaac Han
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kettner Griswold
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas C Barry
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David B Thompson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George Church
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea G Edlow
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and.,Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wilhelm Haas
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shiv Pillai
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ragon Institute of MIT, MGH and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC) and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Ragon Institute of MIT, MGH and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David R Walt
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and.,Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
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28
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Zaiss MM, Joyce Wu HJ, Mauro D, Schett G, Ciccia F. The gut-joint axis in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:224-237. [PMID: 33674813 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the joints. One hypothesis for the pathogenesis of RA is that disease begins at mucosal sites as a consequence of interactions between the mucosal immune system and an aberrant local microbiota, and then transitions to involve the synovial joints. Alterations in the composition of the microbial flora in the lungs, mouth and gut in individuals with preclinical and established RA suggest a role for mucosal dysbiosis in the development and perpetuation of RA, although establishing whether these alterations are the specific consequence of intestinal involvement in the setting of a systemic inflammatory process, or whether they represent a specific localization of disease, is an ongoing challenge. Data from mouse models of RA and investigations into the preclinical stages of disease also support the hypothesis that these alterations to the microbiota predate the onset of disease. In addition, several therapeutic options widely used for the treatment of RA are associated with alterations in intestinal microbiota, suggesting that modulation of intestinal microbiota and/or intestinal barrier function might be useful in preventing or treating RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario M Zaiss
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hsin-Jung Joyce Wu
- Department of Immunobiology, Arizona Arthritis Center, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniele Mauro
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, University della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, University della Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
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29
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D'Avino P, Serena G, Kenyon V, Fasano A. An updated overview on celiac disease: from immuno-pathogenesis and immuno-genetics to therapeutic implications. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:269-284. [PMID: 33472447 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1880320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by ingestion of gluten. While presenting many similarities with other autoimmune diseases, celiac disease is unique in that the external trigger, gluten, and the genetic background necessary for disease development (HLA DQ2/DQ8) are well described. The prevalence of celiac disease is dramatically increasing over the years and new epidemiologic data show changes regarding age of onset and symptoms. A better understanding of CD-pathogenesis is fundamental to highlight the reasons of this rise of celiac diagnoses. AREAS COVERED In this review we describe CD-pathogenesis by dissecting all the components necessary to lose tolerance to gluten (ingestion of gluten, genetic predisposition, loss of barrier function and immune response). Additionally, we also highlight the role that microbiome plays in celiac disease as well as new proposed therapies and experimental tools. EXPERT OPINION Prevalence of autoimmune diseases is increasing around the world. As a result, modern society is strongly impacted by a social and economic burden. Given the unique characteristics of celiac disease, a better understanding of its pathogenesis and the factors that contribute to it may shed light on other autoimmune diseases for which external trigger and genetic background are not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo D'Avino
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Serena
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victoria Kenyon
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Mass General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Celiac Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
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Gliadin Sequestration as a Novel Therapy for Celiac Disease: A Prospective Application for Polyphenols. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020595. [PMID: 33435615 PMCID: PMC7826989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a heightened immune response to gluten proteins in the diet, leading to gastrointestinal symptoms and mucosal damage localized to the small intestine. Despite its prevalence, the only treatment currently available for celiac disease is complete avoidance of gluten proteins in the diet. Ongoing clinical trials have focused on targeting the immune response or gluten proteins through methods such as immunosuppression, enhanced protein degradation and protein sequestration. Recent studies suggest that polyphenols may elicit protective effects within the celiac disease milieu by disrupting the enzymatic hydrolysis of gluten proteins, sequestering gluten proteins from recognition by critical receptors in pathogenesis and exerting anti-inflammatory effects on the system as a whole. This review highlights mechanisms by which polyphenols can protect against celiac disease, takes a critical look at recent works and outlines future applications for this potential treatment method.
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Pro-Inflammatory Effect of Gliadins and Glutenins Extracted from Different Wheat Cultivars on an In Vitro 3D Intestinal Epithelium Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010172. [PMID: 33375311 PMCID: PMC7795490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to assess the relationship between improved rheological properties and the immunogenic potential of wheat proteins. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro effects of total protein extracts from three modern and two landrace Triticum aestivum commercial flour mixes, with significant differences in gluten strength (GS), on cell lines. Cytotoxicity and innate immune responses induced by wheat proteins were investigated using Caco-2 monocultures, two dimensional (2D) Caco-2/U937 co-cultures, and three dimensional (3D) co-cultures simulating the intestinal mucosa with Caco-2 epithelial cells situated above an extra-cellular matrix containing U937 monocytes and L929 fibroblasts. Modern wheat proteins, with increased GS, significantly reduced Caco-2 cell proliferation and vitality in monoculture and 2D co-cultures than landrace proteins. Modern wheat proteins also augmented Caco-2 monolayer disruption and tight junction protein, occludin, redistribution in 3D co-cultures. Release of interleukin-8 into the cell medium and increased U937 monocyte migration in both 2D and 3D co-cultures were similarly apparent. Immuno-activation of migrating U937 cells was evidenced from cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) staining and CD11b-related differentiation into macrophages. The modern wheat proteins, with gluten polymorphism relatedness and increased GS, were shown to be more cytotoxic and immunogenic than the landrace wheat proteins.
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Chirdo FG, Auricchio S, Troncone R, Barone MV. The gliadin p31-43 peptide: Inducer of multiple proinflammatory effects. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 358:165-205. [PMID: 33707054 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coeliac disease (CD) is the prototype of an inflammatory chronic disease induced by food. In this context, gliadin p31-43 peptide comes into the spotlight as an important player of the inflammatory/innate immune response to gliadin in CD. The p31-43 peptide is part of the p31-55 peptide from α-gliadins that remains undigested for a long time, and can be present in the small intestine after ingestion of a gluten-containing diet. Different biophysical methods and molecular dynamic simulations have shown that p31-43 spontaneously forms oligomeric nanostructures, whereas experimental approaches using in vitro assays, mouse models, and human duodenal tissues have shown that p31-43 is able to induce different forms of cellular stress by driving multiple inflammatory pathways. Increased proliferative activity of the epithelial cells in the crypts, enterocyte stress, activation of TG2, induction of Ca2+, IL-15, and NFκB signaling, inhibition of CFTR, alteration of vesicular trafficking, and activation of the inflammasome platform are some of the biological effects of p31-43, which, in the presence of appropriate genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, may act together to drive CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gabriel Chirdo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos-IIFP (UNLP-CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Salvatore Auricchio
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University Federico II, Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Barone
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University Federico II, Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Di Liberto D, Carlisi D, D’Anneo A, Emanuele S, Giuliano M, De Blasio A, Calvaruso G, Lauricella M. Gluten Free Diet for the Management of Non Celiac Diseases: The Two Sides of the Coin. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8040400. [PMID: 33066519 PMCID: PMC7712796 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A lifelong adherence to a gluten-free (GF) diet is currently the only treatment for Celiac disease (CD), an autoimmune disorder that arises after gluten ingestion in individuals who are genetically predisposed. The gluten intake exerts toxic effects through several pathways involving gut barrier integrity, intestinal microbiota composition and immune system stimulation. However, despite the great benefit of GF diet for CD patients, its use has been debated. Indeed, individuals who adopt this diet regime may be at risk of nutrient deficiencies. Emerging evidence supports a beneficial effect of a GF diet also for other pathological conditions, including gluten-related disorders (GRD) often associated to CD, such as Non celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) and Dermatitis Herpetiforme (DH) as well as Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and Diabetes. This suggests a pathogenic role of gluten in these conditions. Despite the growing popularity of GF diet among consumers, to date, there are limited evidences supporting its use for the management of non-celiac diseases. Therefore, in this review, we discuss whether the GF diet could really improve the general quality of life of patients with GRD and non-GRD conditions, keeping in mind its sensorial limitations and nutritional inadequacies. In addition, we discuss the current motivations, leading to the use of a GF diet, despite the inferior quality of GF products respect to those containing gluten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), CLADIBIOR, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.D.L.); (A.D.); Tel.: +39-09123865854 (D.D.L.); +39-09123890650 (A.D.)
| | - Daniela Carlisi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.C.); (S.E.); (M.L.)
| | - Antonella D’Anneo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (A.D.B.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (D.D.L.); (A.D.); Tel.: +39-09123865854 (D.D.L.); +39-09123890650 (A.D.)
| | - Sonia Emanuele
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.C.); (S.E.); (M.L.)
| | - Michela Giuliano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (A.D.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Anna De Blasio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (A.D.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Calvaruso
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (A.D.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.C.); (S.E.); (M.L.)
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Di Simone N, Gratta M, Castellani R, D'Ippolito S, Specchia M, Scambia G, Tersigni C. Celiac disease and reproductive failures: An update on pathogenic mechanisms. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 85:e13334. [PMID: 32865829 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder that occurs in genetically predisposed people in which the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine that clinically presents with malabsorption-related symptoms. CD can also be the underlying cause of several non-gastrointestinal symptoms. This review summarizes evidence on the relationship between CD and gynecological/obstetric disorders like reproductive failures. Although much has been reported on such a linkage, the pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear, especially those underlying extra-gastrointestinal clinical manifestations. Studies conducted on celiac subjects presenting gynecological/obstetric disorders have pointed to intestinal malabsorption, coagulation alterations, immune-mediated tissue damage, and endometrial inflammation as the main responsible pathogenic mechanisms. Currently, however, the knowledge of such mechanisms is insufficient, and further studies are needed to gain a more thorough understanding of the matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Di Simone
- U.O.C. di Ostetricia e Patologia Ostetrica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Gratta
- Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Castellani
- Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia D'Ippolito
- U.O.C. di Ostetricia e Patologia Ostetrica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Monia Specchia
- Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,U.O.C. di Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Tersigni
- U.O.C. di Ostetricia e Patologia Ostetrica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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35
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Azimi T, Nasser A, Shariati A, Shiadeh SMJ, Safari H, Alizade-Sani M, Taghipour A, Dehghan A. The Possible Role of Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic Bacteria in Initiation and Exacerbation of Celiac Disease; A Comprehensive Review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:452-466. [PMID: 31858910 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666191219160729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Celiac Disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy, generally of the proximal intestine, that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals triggered by the ingestion of gluten. The incidence and frequency of CD are increasing, and it is predicted that CD affects approximately 1% of the people worldwide. The common clinical manifestations of CD are divided in two sections, including classic and non-classic symptoms that can be created in childhood and adulthood. The relationship between pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria with CD is complex and multidirectional. In previous published studies, results demonstrated the triggering impact of bacteria, viruses, and parasites on initiation and development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Different studies revealed the inducing effect of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria on CD. However, increasing evidence proposes that some of these microorganisms can also play several positive roles in CD process. Although information of the pathogenesis of the CD is quickly expanding, the possible role of bacteria needs further examination. In conclusion, with respect to the possible correlation between different bacteria in CD, the current review-based study aims to discuss the possible relationship between CD and pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria and to show various and significant aspects of mechanisms involved in the CD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher Azimi
- Pediatric Infections Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nasser
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran
| | - Aref Shariati
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh M J Shiadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Safari
- Health Promotion Research Center, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alizade-Sani
- Students Research Committee, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Dehghan
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Martucciello S, Sposito S, Esposito C, Paolella G, Caputo I. Interplay between Type 2 Transglutaminase (TG2), Gliadin Peptide 31-43 and Anti-TG2 Antibodies in Celiac Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103673. [PMID: 32456177 PMCID: PMC7279455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a common intestinal inflammatory disease involving both a genetic background and environmental triggers. The ingestion of gluten, a proteic component of several cereals, represents the main hexogen factor implied in CD onset that involves concomitant innate and adaptive immune responses to gluten. Immunogenicity of some gluten sequences are strongly enhanced as the consequence of the deamidation of specific glutamine residues by type 2 transglutaminase (TG2), a ubiquitous enzyme whose expression is up-regulated in the intestine of CD patients. A short gluten sequence resistant to intestinal proteases, the α-gliadin peptide 31-43, seems to modulate TG2 function in the gut; on the other hand, the enzyme can affect the biological activity of this peptide. In addition, an intense auto-immune response towards TG2 is a hallmark of CD. Auto-antibodies exert a range of biological effects on several cells, effects that in part overlap with those induced by peptide 31-43. In this review, we delineate a scenario in which TG2, anti-TG2 antibodies and peptide 31-43 closely relate to each other, thus synergistically participating in CD starting and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Martucciello
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (S.M.); (C.E.); (G.P.)
| | - Silvia Sposito
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy;
| | - Carla Esposito
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (S.M.); (C.E.); (G.P.)
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy;
| | - Gaetana Paolella
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (S.M.); (C.E.); (G.P.)
| | - Ivana Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (S.M.); (C.E.); (G.P.)
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089-969592; Fax: +39-089-969603
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Vici G, Camilletti D, Polzonetti V. Possible Role of Vitamin D in Celiac Disease Onset. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1051. [PMID: 32290294 PMCID: PMC7231074 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beside skeletal system maintenance and protection, possible extra-calcium roles of vitamin D have been recently described. In particular, studies have investigated possible roles of vitamin D as a key modulator of inflammation and immune mechanisms and of the intestinal mucosa barrier. In this regard, vitamin D has been considered as a factor that affects different conditions such as immune-mediated diseases. The new emerging role of vitamin D and its involvement in immune modulation has led it to be considered as a possible key factor involved in celiac disease (CD) onset. CD is a chronic immune-mediated enteropathy of the small intestine that is triggered by dietary gluten protein exposure in individuals who are genetically predisposed. However, along with gluten, other environmental factors are also involved in CD onset. The renewed interest in a molecule that offers great possibilities for new roles has led to an increase in studies, although there remains a lack of studies aimed at contextualizing the role of vitamin D on CD. This review aims to define the possible role of vitamin D in CD onset as it is presently understood, taking into account potential links among vitamin D, the immune system and CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Vici
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Dalia Camilletti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Valeria Polzonetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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Fasano A. All disease begins in the (leaky) gut: role of zonulin-mediated gut permeability in the pathogenesis of some chronic inflammatory diseases. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 32051759 PMCID: PMC6996528 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20510.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved hygiene leading to reduced exposure to microorganisms has been implicated as one possible cause for the recent "epidemic" of chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) in industrialized countries. That is the essence of the hygiene hypothesis that argues that rising incidence of CIDs may be, at least in part, the result of lifestyle and environmental changes that have made us too "clean" for our own good, so causing changes in our microbiota. Apart from genetic makeup and exposure to environmental triggers, inappropriate increase in intestinal permeability (which may be influenced by the composition of the gut microbiota), a "hyper-belligerent" immune system responsible for the tolerance-immune response balance, and the composition of gut microbiome and its epigenetic influence on the host genomic expression have been identified as three additional elements in causing CIDs. During the past decade, a growing number of publications have focused on human genetics, the gut microbiome, and proteomics, suggesting that loss of mucosal barrier function, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, may substantially affect antigen trafficking, ultimately influencing the close bidirectional interaction between gut microbiome and our immune system. This cross-talk is highly influential in shaping the host gut immune system function and ultimately shifting genetic predisposition to clinical outcome. This observation led to a re-visitation of the possible causes of CIDs epidemics, suggesting a key pathogenic role of gut permeability. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown that the zonulin family, a group of proteins modulating gut permeability, is implicated in a variety of CIDs, including autoimmune, infective, metabolic, and tumoral diseases. These data offer novel therapeutic targets for a variety of CIDs in which the zonulin pathway is implicated in their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Center for Celiac Research and Treatment and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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39
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Aguilar EC, Navia-Pelaez JM, Fernandes-Braga W, Soares FLP, Dos Santos LC, Leonel AJ, Capettini LDSA, de Oliveira RP, de Faria AMC, Lemos VS, Alvarez-Leite JI. Gluten exacerbates atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE -/- mice with diet-induced obesity. Nutrition 2019; 75-76:110658. [PMID: 32305657 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Atherosclerosis is an underlying cause of cardiovascular disease, and obesity is one of the risk factors for atherogenesis. Although a gluten-free diet (GFD) has gained popularity as a strategy for weight loss, little is known about the effects of gluten on obesity. We have previously shown a negative effect of gluten on obesity in mice. However, its effects on atherogenesis are still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of gluten on atherosclerosis progression during obesity. METHODS Atherosclerosis-susceptible ApoE knockout mice were subjected to an obesogenic GFD or a diet with 4.5% gluten (GD) for 10 wk. RESULTS Results from the study found that food intake and lipid profile were similar between the groups. However, GD promoted an increase in weight gain, adiposity, and plasma glucose. Pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, chemokine ligand-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 also were increased in the adipose tissue of gluten-fed mice. This inflammatory profile was associated with reduced phosphorylation of Akt, and consequently with the intensification of insulin resistance. The GD-enhanced vascular inflammation contributed to the worsening of atherosclerosis in the aorta and aortic root. Inflammatory cells, such as monocyte/macrophage and natural killer cells, and oxidative stress markers, such as superoxide and nitrotyrosine, were increased in atherosclerotic lesions of the GD group. Furthermore, the lesions presented higher necrotic core and lower collagen content, characterizing the less stable plaques. CONCLUSION The gluten-containing high-fat diet was associated with a more severe proatherogenic profile than the gluten-free high-fat diet owing to increased inflammatory and oxidative status at atherosclerotic lesions in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edenil Costa Aguilar
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Weslley Fernandes-Braga
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alda Jusceline Leonel
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Virginia Soares Lemos
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Serena G, Huynh D, Lima RS, Vise LM, Freire R, Ingano L, Leonard MM, Senger S, Fasano A. Intestinal Epithelium Modulates Macrophage Response to Gliadin in Celiac Disease. Front Nutr 2019; 6:167. [PMID: 31750310 PMCID: PMC6848268 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by ingestion of gluten. Although its pathogenesis has been extensively studied and the contribution from both innate and adaptive immune responses has been reported, little is still known about the contribution of macrophages to the onset or maintenance of the disease. Macrophages are extremely plastic immune cells that can be directed toward a pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotype by the surrounding microenvironment. Of note, gliadin, the most prominent causative agent of the disease, has been reported to trigger the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in this cell population. In the present study, we aimed at investigating how the intestinal milieu and more specifically the epithelium can shape the macrophage response to gliadin. Using patient-derived organoids we showed that the intestinal epithelium derived from celiac disease donors releases anti-inflammatory factors that curb the macrophage response to gliadin. Furthermore, we uncovered that the celiac macrophages were better responders than macrophages derived from non-celiac controls. Finally, we demonstrated that IFNγ released by the epithelium is in part responsible of the observed anti-inflammatory effect. Our data shed light on the cross–talk between the immune system and the epithelium and its critical role in the intestinal homeostasis. Furthermore, we provide more evidence how alterations in the innate immune machinery in celiac patients may contribute to the onset of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Serena
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel Huynh
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rosiane S Lima
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Luciana M Vise
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rachel Freire
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Laura Ingano
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maureen M Leonard
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stefania Senger
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Center for Celiac Research, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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41
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Stickel F, Wartenberg M, Bouzourene H, Ortner MA, Rogler G. Recurrent Fever and Failure to Thrive in an 11-Year-Old Boy. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2019; 13:350-356. [PMID: 31607835 PMCID: PMC6787408 DOI: 10.1159/000502604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent fever is frequent among children and mostly associated with viral infections inoculated via social contacts with others of the same age. Rarely, severe conditions such as hematological malignancies, pediatric rheumatoid diseases, chronic infections, or inherited recurrent fever syndromes are causative. Herein, we present the case of an 11-year-old boy with frequently recurring high-fever episodes since early childhood, failure to thrive, and iron deficiency who was found to have classical celiac disease (CD) with highly elevated tissue transglutaminase and anti-gliadin antibodies and marked duodenal villous atrophy. Upon implementation of a gluten-free diet, the boy ceased to have fevers, antibodies decreased markedly, his iron status improved, and he significantly gained weight. Although infrequent, recurrent fever should be included into the polymorphic clinical picture of CD, and the threshold of testing for diagnostic antibodies should be low in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Stickel
- Hepatology Unit, Klinik Beau-Site, Hirslanden Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Maria Anna Ortner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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42
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Miranda-Ribera A, Ennamorati M, Serena G, Cetinbas M, Lan J, Sadreyev RI, Jain N, Fasano A, Fiorentino M. Exploiting the Zonulin Mouse Model to Establish the Role of Primary Impaired Gut Barrier Function on Microbiota Composition and Immune Profiles. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2233. [PMID: 31608059 PMCID: PMC6761304 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The balanced interplay between epithelial barrier, immune system, and microbiota maintains gut homeostasis, while disruption of this interplay may lead to inflammation. Paracellular permeability is governed by intercellular tight-junctions (TJs). Zonulin is, to date, the only known physiological regulator of intestinal TJs. We used a zonulin transgenic mouse (Ztm) model characterized by increased small intestinal permeability to elucidate the role of a primary impaired gut barrier on microbiome composition and/or immune profile. Ztm exhibit an altered gene expression profile of TJs in the gut compared to wild-type mice (WT): Claudin-15, Claudin-5, Jam-3, and Myosin-1C are decreased in the male duodenum whereas Claudin-15, Claudin-7, and ZO-2 are reduced in the female colon. These results are compatible with loss of gut barrier function and are paralleled by an altered microbiota composition with reduced abundance of the genus Akkermansia, known to have positive effects on gut barrier integrity and strengthening, and an increased abundance of the Rikenella genus, associated to low-grade inflammatory conditions. Immune profile analysis shows a subtly skewed distribution of immune cell subsets toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype with more IL-17 producing adaptive and innate-like T cells in Ztm. Interestingly, microbiota “normalization” involving the transfer of WT microbiota into Ztm, did not rescue the altered immune profile. Our data suggest that a primary impaired gut barrier causing an uncontrolled trafficking of microbial products leads to a latent pro-inflammatory status, with a skewed microbiota composition and immune profile that, in the presence of an environmental trigger, as we have previously described (1), might promote the onset of overt inflammation and an increased risk of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Miranda-Ribera
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria Ennamorati
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gloria Serena
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jinggang Lan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nitya Jain
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria Fiorentino
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
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Caio G, Volta U, Sapone A, Leffler DA, De Giorgio R, Catassi C, Fasano A. Celiac disease: a comprehensive current review. BMC Med 2019; 17:142. [PMID: 31331324 PMCID: PMC6647104 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease remains a challenging condition because of a steady increase in knowledge tackling its pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and possible therapeutic options. MAIN BODY A major milestone in the history of celiac disease was the identification of tissue transglutaminase as the autoantigen, thereby confirming the autoimmune nature of this disorder. A genetic background (HLA-DQ2/DQ8 positivity and non-HLA genes) is a mandatory determinant of the development of the disease, which occurs with the contribution of environmental factors (e.g., viral infections and dysbiosis of gut microbiota). Its prevalence in the general population is of approximately 1%, with female predominance. The disease can occur at any age, with a variety of symptoms/manifestations. This multifaceted clinical presentation leads to several phenotypes, i.e., gastrointestinal, extraintestinal, subclinical, potential, seronegative, non-responsive, and refractory. Although small intestinal biopsy remains the diagnostic 'gold standard', highly sensitive and specific serological tests, such as tissue transglutaminase, endomysial and deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies, have become gradually more important in the diagnostic work-up of celiac disease. Currently, the only treatment for celiac disease is a life-long, strict gluten-free diet leading to improvement in quality of life, ameliorating symptoms, and preventing the occurrence of refractory celiac disease, ulcerative jejunoileitis, and small intestinal adenocarcinoma and lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS The present review is timely and provides a thorough appraisal of various aspects characterizing celiac disease. Remaining challenges include obtaining a better understanding of still-unclear phenotypes such as slow-responsive, potential (minimal lesions) and seronegative celiac disease. The identification of alternative or complementary treatments to the gluten-free diet brings hope for patients unavoidably burdened by diet restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Caio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, Cona, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Umberto Volta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Sapone
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Daniel A. Leffler
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Roberto De Giorgio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, Cona, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Catassi
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Celiac Research, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by gluten. The purpose of this review is to examine the major genetic and environmental factors that contribute to CD pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS We reviewed the current state of knowledge on the genetic and environmental components that play a role in CD onset. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis has highlighted several genes other than HLA involved in CD. Recent studies have shown that HLA haplotype influences the microbiome composition in infants and that dysbiosis in the intestinal microflora, in turn, contributes to loss of tolerance to gluten. Recently, observational studies have discussed the hypothesis stating that breast-feeding had a protective role against CD onset. CD etiology is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. A better understanding of these components would deepen our knowledge on the mechanisms that lead to loss of tolerance and could help in developing a more "personalized medicine."
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45
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Camara-Lemarroy CR, Silva C, Greenfield J, Liu WQ, Metz LM, Yong VW. Biomarkers of intestinal barrier function in multiple sclerosis are associated with disease activity. Mult Scler 2019; 26:1340-1350. [PMID: 31317818 DOI: 10.1177/1352458519863133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests a role for the gut-brain axis in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied biomarkers of intestinal permeability in 126 people with MS (57 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 69 progressive MS) and in a group of healthy controls for comparison. Serum/plasma concentrations of zonulin (a regulator of enterocyte tight junctions), tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin), intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP)/ileal bile acid binding protein (IBABP), D-lactate, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding protein were measured. RESULTS Zonulin concentrations were significantly higher when a concurrent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption (Gad+ RRMS) and were correlated with tight junction proteins. IBABP and D-lactate were elevated in people with RRMS compared to controls, but did not discriminate between Gad+ and Gad- subgroups. Baseline zonulin concentrations were associated with 1-year disease progression in progressive MS. CONCLUSIONS People with MS have altered biomarkers of intestinal barrier integrity. Zonulin concentrations are associated with 1-year disease progression in progressive MS and closely mirror BBB breakdown in RRMS. Zonulin may mediate breakdown of both the intestinal barrier and the BBB in gut dysbiosis through the regulation of tight junctions. This could explain how the gut-brain axis modulates neuroinflammation in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Camara-Lemarroy
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada/Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Claudia Silva
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jamie Greenfield
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Wei-Qiao Liu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada/Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Luanne M Metz
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada/Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada/Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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46
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Valitutti F, Fasano A. Breaking Down Barriers: How Understanding Celiac Disease Pathogenesis Informed the Development of Novel Treatments. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:1748-1758. [PMID: 31076989 PMCID: PMC6586517 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For decades, the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases has been attributed to increased intestinal paracellular permeability even though scientific evidence supporting this hypothesis has been tenuous. Nevertheless, during the past decade, there have been a growing number of publications focused on human genetics, the gut microbiome, and proteomics, suggesting that loss of mucosal barrier function, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, may substantially affect antigen trafficking, ultimately causing chronic inflammation, including autoimmunity, in genetically predisposed individuals. The gut mucosa works as a semipermeable barrier in that it permits nutrient absorption and also regulates immune surveillance while retaining potentially harmful microbes and environmental antigens within the intestinal lumen. Celiac disease (CD), a systemic, immune-mediated disorder triggered by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals, is associated with altered gut permeability. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown that gliadin, a prolamine component of gluten that is implicated in CD pathogenesis, is capable to disassembling intercellular junctional proteins by upregulating the zonulin pathway, which can be inhibited by the zonulin antagonist larazotide acetate. In this review, we will focus on CD as a paradigm of chronic inflammatory diseases in order to outline the contribution of gut paracellular permeability toward disease pathogenesis; moreover, we will summarize current evidence derived from available clinical trials of larazotide acetate in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Valitutti
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Department of "Maternal-and-Child Health" and Urology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Center for Celiac Research and Treatment and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, 175 Cambridge Street, CPZS - 574, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
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47
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Caviglia GP, Rosso C, Ribaldone DG, Dughera F, Fagoonee S, Astegiano M, Pellicano R. Physiopathology of intestinal barrier and the role of zonulin. MINERVA BIOTECNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.23736/s1120-4826.19.02554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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48
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Ma WT, Gao F, Gu K, Chen DK. The Role of Monocytes and Macrophages in Autoimmune Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1140. [PMID: 31178867 PMCID: PMC6543461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes (Mo) and macrophages (Mϕ) are key components of the innate immune system and are involved in regulation of the initiation, development, and resolution of many inflammatory disorders. In addition, these cells also play important immunoregulatory and tissue-repairing roles to decrease immune reactions and promote tissue regeneration. Several lines of evidence have suggested a causal link between the presence or activation of these cells and the development of autoimmune diseases. In addition, Mo or Mϕ infiltration in diseased tissues is a hallmark of several autoimmune diseases. However, the detailed contributions of these cells, whether they actually initiate disease or perpetuate disease progression, and whether their phenotype and functional alteration are merely epiphenomena are still unclear in many autoimmune diseases. Additionally, little is known about their heterogeneous populations in different autoimmune diseases. Elucidating the relevance of Mo and Mϕ in autoimmune diseases and the associated mechanisms could lead to the identification of more effective therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Ma
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kui Gu
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - De-Kun Chen
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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49
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Shimada S, Tanigawa T, Watanabe T, Nakata A, Sugimura N, Itani S, Higashimori A, Nadatani Y, Otani K, Taira K, Hosomi S, Nagami Y, Tanaka F, Kamata N, Yamagami H, Shiba M, Fujiwara Y. Involvement of gliadin, a component of wheat gluten, in increased intestinal permeability leading to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small-intestinal damage. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211436. [PMID: 30785904 PMCID: PMC6382145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliadin, a component of wheat gluten known to be an important factor in the etiology of celiac disease, is related to several other diseases through its enhancing effect on intestinal paracellular permeability. We investigated the significance of gliadin in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced small-intestinal damage in mice. 7-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were divided into the following groups: standard diet group, in which mice were fed with wheat-containing standard rodent diet (CE-2); gluten-free diet group, in which mice were fed with gluten-free diet (AIN-76A); and gliadin-administered group, in which mice fed with gluten-free diet were administered with gliadin (~250 mg/kg BW). Each group was subdivided into negative, healthy control group and NSAID-treated group. To some mice fed with gluten-free diet and administered with gliadin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor was administered for clarification of the significance of EGFR in NSAID-induced small intestinal damage and intestinal permeability. In mice fed with a gluten-free diet, indomethacin or diclofenac induced very mild mucosal damage in the small intestine compared with that in mice fed with a wheat-containing standard diet. Gliadin exacerbated the NSAID-induced small-intestinal damage in mice fed with a gluten-free diet. With the administration of indomethacin, MPO activity, a marker of neutrophil infiltration into the mucosa and mRNA expression level of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β in the small intestine were higher in the gliadin-administered mice. Gliadin increased the intestinal paracellular permeability without indomethacin administration (4.3-fold) and further increased the permeability after indomethacin administration (2.1-fold). Gliadin induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in small-intestinal tissues, and erlotinib (an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor) attenuated the indomethacin-induced intestinal damage and permeability exacerbated by gliadin, accompanied by inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation. These results suggest that gliadin plays an important role in the induction and exacerbation of NSAID-induced small-intestinal damage, and that increase in intestinal permeability via the EGFR signalling pathway is involved in its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunao Shimada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanigawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- SAMURAI GI Research Centre, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Toshio Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- SAMURAI GI Research Centre, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akinobu Nakata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Sugimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Itani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Higashimori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- SAMURAI GI Research Centre, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Nadatani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Otani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Taira
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Hosomi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Nagami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumio Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yamagami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Shiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- SAMURAI GI Research Centre, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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50
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Possible Prevention of Diabetes with a Gluten-Free Diet. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111746. [PMID: 30428550 PMCID: PMC6266002 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gluten seems a potentially important determinant in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Intake of gluten, a major component of wheat, rye, and barley, affects the microbiota and increases the intestinal permeability. Moreover, studies have demonstrated that gluten peptides, after crossing the intestinal barrier, lead to a more inflammatory milieu. Gluten peptides enter the pancreas where they affect the morphology and might induce beta-cell stress by enhancing glucose- and palmitate-stimulated insulin secretion. Interestingly, animal studies and a human study have demonstrated that a gluten-free (GF) diet during pregnancy reduces the risk of T1D. Evidence regarding the role of a GF diet in T2D is less clear. Some studies have linked intake of a GF diet to reduced obesity and T2D and suggested a role in reducing leptin- and insulin-resistance and increasing beta-cell volume. The current knowledge indicates that gluten, among many environmental factors, may be an aetiopathogenic factors for development of T1D and T2D. However, human intervention trials are needed to confirm this and the proposed mechanisms.
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