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Aghaallaei N, Agarwal R, Benjaminsen J, Lust K, Bajoghli B, Wittbrodt J, Feijoo CG. Antigen-Presenting Cells and T Cells Interact in a Specific Area of the Intestinal Mucosa Defined by the Ccl25-Ccr9 Axis in Medaka. Front Immunol 2022; 13:812899. [PMID: 35185906 PMCID: PMC8853713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.812899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Organized intestinal mucosal immune response appears to be restricted to tetrapods. In teleost fish, there is no evidence for the existence of a particular intestinal region that facilitates the interaction of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells, such as secondary lymphoid organs. Indeed, despite their importance in the defense against pathogens, the location and manner of APC-T cell interaction within the fish gut is unknown. Here, using non-invasive live imaging of newly developed transgenic reporter lines, we addressed the spatial organization and behavior of APCs and T cells in the intestine of medaka fish both during homeostasis and inflammation. We report that Ccr9a+ T cells are recruited to a band in the lamina propria next to the muscularis mucosa in which Ccl25-expressing cells are present. Ccr9a+ T cells contact APCs for several minutes, in a process mediated by connexin 43. This type of interaction was observed in homeostasis and inflammation, with the interaction being longer and more frequent during inflammation. Thus, our results demonstrate that the mucosal immune response in the intestine of medaka is organized and endowed with a specific region with specialized microenvironment and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Aghaallaei
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rashi Agarwal
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joergen Benjaminsen
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Lust
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Baubak Bajoghli
- Directors' Research Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Wittbrodt
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen G Feijoo
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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2
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CD40-CD154: A perspective from type 2 immunity. Semin Immunol 2021; 53:101528. [PMID: 34810089 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between CD40 and CD154 (CD40 ligand) is central in immunology, participating in CD4+ T cell priming by dendritic cells (DC), CD4+ T cell help to B cells and classical macrophage activation by CD4+ T cells. However, its role in the Th2 side of immunology including helminth infection remains incompletely understood. Contrary to viral and bacterial stimuli, helminth products usually do not cause CD40 up-regulation in DC, and exogenous CD40 ligation drives Th2-biased systems towards Th1. On the other hand, CD40 and CD154 are necessary for induction of most Th2 responses. We attempt to reconcile these observations, mainly by proposing that (i) CD40 up-regulation in DC in Th2 systems is mostly induced by alarmins, (ii) the Th2 to Th1 shift induced by exogenous CD40 ligation is related to the capacity of such ligation to enhance IL-12 production by myeloid cells, and (iii) signals elicited by endogenous CD154 available in Th2 contexts and by exogenous CD40 ligation are probably different. We stress that CD40-CD154 is important beyond cognate cellular interactions. In such a context, we argue that the proliferation response of B-cells to IL-4 plus CD154 reflects a Th2-specific mechanism for polyclonal B-cell amplification and IgE production at infection sites. Finally, we argue that CD154 is a general immune activation signal across immune polarization including Th2, and propose that competition for CD154 at tissue sites may provide negative feedback on response induction at each site.
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Dotta L, Vairo D, Giacomelli M, Moratto D, Tamassia N, Vermi W, Lonardi S, Casanova JL, Bustamante J, Giliani S, Badolato R. Transient Decrease of Circulating and Tissular Dendritic Cells in Patients With Mycobacterial Disease and With Partial Dominant IFNγR1 Deficiency. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1161. [PMID: 32676075 PMCID: PMC7333364 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-γ receptor 1 (IFNγR1) deficiency is one of the inborn errors of IFN-γ immunity underlying Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease (MSMD). This molecular circuit plays a crucial role in regulating the interaction between dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes, thus affecting DCs activation, maturation, and priming of T cells involved in the immune response against intracellular pathogens. We studied a girl who developed at the age of 2.5 years a Mycobacterium avium infection characterized by disseminated necrotizing granulomatous lymphadenitis, and we compared her findings with other patients with the same genetic condition. The patient carried a heterozygous 818del4 mutation in the IFNGR1 gene responsible of autosomal dominant (AD) partial IFNγR1 deficiency. During the acute infection blood cells immunophenotyping showed a marked reduction in DCs counts, including both myeloid (mDCs) and plasmacytoid (pDCs) subsets, that reversed after successful prolonged antimicrobial therapy. Histology of her abdomen lymph node revealed a profound depletion of tissue pDCs, as compared to other age-matched granulomatous lymphadenitis of mycobacterial origin. Circulating DCs depletion was also observed in another patient with AD partial IFNγR1 deficiency during mycobacterial infection. To conclude, AD partial IFNγR1 deficiency can be associated with a transient decrease in both circulating and tissular DCs during acute mycobacterial infection, suggesting that DCs counts monitoring might constitute a useful marker of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dotta
- Department of Pediatrics, A. Nocivelli Institute for Molecular Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Donatella Vairo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, A. Nocivelli Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomelli
- A. Nocivelli Institute for Molecular Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniele Moratto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, A. Nocivelli Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Tamassia
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Lonardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Pediatric Hematology and Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Silvia Giliani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, A. Nocivelli Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Badolato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, A. Nocivelli Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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4
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Abdi K, Laky K, Padhan K, Petrovas C, Skinner J, Kabat J, Dorward DW, Brzostowski J, Long EO, Trinchieri G, Varma R. Cutting Edge: Quantitative Determination of CD40L Threshold for IL-12 and IL-23 Production from Dendritic Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 201:2879-2884. [PMID: 30315139 PMCID: PMC6215252 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Early secretion of IL-12 by mouse dendritic cells (DCs) instructs T cells to make IFN-γ. However, only activated, but not naive T cells are able to license DCs for IL-12 production. We hypothesized that it might be due to different levels of CD40L expression on the surface of these cells, as CD40 signals are required for IL-12 production. Using quantitative cell-free systems incorporating CD40L in lipid bilayers combined with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, we show that as low as ∼200 CD40L molecules/μm2 in combination with IL-4 is sufficient to induce IL-12 production by DCs. Remarkably, CD40L alone is adequate to induce IL-23 secretion by DCs. Thus, although activated T cells have somewhat higher levels of CD40L, it is the combination of CD40L and the cytokines they secrete that licenses DCs and influences the effector class of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Abdi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
| | - Karen Laky
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kartika Padhan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jeff Skinner
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Juraj Kabat
- Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David W Dorward
- Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joseph Brzostowski
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Eric O Long
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Rajat Varma
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Yu MB, Guerra J, Firek A, Langridge WHR. Extracellular vimentin modulates human dendritic cell activation. Mol Immunol 2018; 104:37-46. [PMID: 30399492 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein traditionally considered to be an intracellular protein with a structural role. However, recent evidence suggests that vimentin can also be found outside the cell in disease conditions such as cancer, traumatic tissue injury, and inflammation. Extracellular vimentin was previously found to stimulate innate immunity by increasing monocyte and macrophage ability to kill bacteria. However, vimentin has also been previously found to decrease neutrophil infiltration into inflamed tissue. How extracellular vimentin affects the initiation of adaptive immune responses is unknown. Initiation of adaptive immunity involves priming of naïve T cells by antigen-presenting cells, the most effective of which are dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we demonstrate how extracellular vimentin modulates lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - induced activation of human DCs. Using cytometric bead arrays, we show that extracellular vimentin decreases LPS-activated DC secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12 while increasing secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Using flow cytometry, we show that extracellular vimentin does not significantly affect LPS-induced DC surface expression of MHC I (HLA-ABC) or MHC II (HLA-DR) presentation molecules, costimulatory factors (CD80, CD86), or the DC maturation marker (CD83). Further, LPS-stimulated DCs co-cultured with allogeneic naïve CD4 + T cells (Th0) induced less secretion of the pro-inflammatory Th1 effector cytokine IFN-γ in the presence of vimentin than in the presence of LPS alone. This result suggests that vimentin reduces Th1 differentiation. Taken together, our data suggest that extracellular vimentin may inhibit pro-inflammatory adaptive immune responses, by blocking DC secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, extracellular vimentin may play an important role in cancer or trauma-complications by inducing suppression of the adaptive immune response. In a positive sense, the presence of extracellular vimentin may prevent tissue-damage from contributing to the development of autoimmunity. Consequently, extracellular vimentin may become a novel drug target for treatment of a variety of pro- and anti-inflammatory disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Yu
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda, University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda, University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Joshua Guerra
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda, University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA; University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Anthony Firek
- Section of Endocrinology, Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Moreno Valley, CA, USA
| | - William H R Langridge
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda, University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda, University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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6
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Lee HS, Kwon JY, Joo CK. Comparative immunological study of penetrating and anterior lamellar keratoplasty in a murine model. Exp Eye Res 2018; 169:141-148. [PMID: 29305888 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In lamellar keratoplasty, the diseased part of a cornea is replaced while the healthy tissue remains lamellar keratoplasty has the advantage of better graft survival compared to penetrating keratoplasty (PK). We compared the immunological responses to PK and anterior lamellar keratoplasty (ALK) in a murine model. PK or ALK was performed using C57BL/6 donor grafts and BALB/c recipients, and graft opacity was assessed to evaluate graft rejection up to 8 weeks. We evaluated the immunological responses in both groups, which were not clinically considered as graft failure on postoperative day 21. PK mice showed reduced clinical graft survival compared to ALK mice. The mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β, IFN-γ, and granzyme B, in grafted corneas of PK mice, was significantly increased compared to the levels in ALK mice at postoperative day 21. PK led to a higher delayed-type hypersensitivity response and IFN-γ secretion in an in vitro T cell assay from draining lymph nodes (LNs), as compared to ALK. Furthermore, PK showed increased angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in grafted corneas compared to ALK and led to greater infiltration of CD3+ T cells into grafted corneas and increased frequencies of mature antigen presenting cells (APC; MHC-IIhighCD11c + cells) and IL-12 + dendritic cells (DCs) in the draining LNs of transplanted mice. In conclusion, PK results in increased graft rejection compared to ALK through relatively increased neovascularization and lymphangiogenesis, which can induce infiltration of pathologic T cells and mature APC migration into grafted corneas and draining LNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Catholic Institute for Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kwon
- Catholic Institute for Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choun-Ki Joo
- Catholic Institute for Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Parrot T, Oger R, Benlalam H, Raingeard de la Blétière D, Jouand N, Coutolleau A, Preisser L, Khammari A, Dréno B, Guardiola P, Delneste Y, Labarrière N, Gervois N. CD40L confers helper functions to human intra-melanoma class-I-restricted CD4 +CD8 + double positive T cells. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1250991. [PMID: 28123891 PMCID: PMC5214764 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1250991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) T cells represent a small fraction of peripheral T lymphocytes in healthy human donors, their frequency is often increased under pathological conditions (in blood and targeted tissues). In solid cancers such as melanoma, we previously demonstrated an enrichment of tumor reactive CD4lowCD8highαβ DP T cells among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of unknown function. Similarly to their single positive (SP) CD8+ counterparts, intra-melanoma DP T cells recognized melanoma cell lines in an HLA-class-I restricted context. However, they presented a poor cytotoxic activity but a strong production of diverse Th1 and Th2 cytokines. The aim of this study was to clearly define the role of intra-melanoma CD4lowCD8highαβ DP T cells in the antitumor immune response. Based on a comparative transcriptome analysis between intra-melanoma SP CD4+, SP CD8+ and DP autologous melanoma-infiltrating T-cell compartments, we evidenced an overexpression of the CD40L co-stimulatory molecule on activated DP T cells. We showed that, like SP CD4+ T cells, and through CD40L involvement, DP T cells are able to induce both proliferation and differentiation of B lymphocytes and maturation of functional DCs able to efficiently prime cytotoxic melanoma-specific CD8 T-cell responses. Taken together, these results highlight the helper potential of atypical DP T cells and their role in potentiating antitumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Parrot
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Romain Oger
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Houssem Benlalam
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Diane Raingeard de la Blétière
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; SNP Transcriptome & Epigenomics Facility, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Nicolas Jouand
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Anne Coutolleau
- SNP Transcriptome & Epigenomics Facility, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire , Angers, France
| | - Laurence Preisser
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Amir Khammari
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France; Unit of Skin Cancer, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Brigitte Dréno
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France; Unit of Skin Cancer, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France; GMP Unit of Cellular Therapy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Guardiola
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France; SNP Transcriptome & Epigenomics Facility, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Yves Delneste
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Labarrière
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Nadine Gervois
- CRCNA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
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8
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Benvenuti F. The Dendritic Cell Synapse: A Life Dedicated to T Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:70. [PMID: 27014259 PMCID: PMC4780025 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell activation within immunological synapses is a complex process whereby different types of signals are transmitted from antigen-presenting cells to T cells. The molecular strategies developed by T cells to interpret and integrate these signals have been systematically dissected in recent years and are now in large part understood. On the other side of the immune synapse, dendritic cells (DCs) participate actively in synapse formation and maintenance by remodeling of membrane receptors and intracellular content. However, the details of such changes have been only partially characterized. The DCs actin cytoskeleton has been one of the first systems to be identified as playing an important role in T-cell priming and some of the underlying mechanisms have been elucidated. Similarly, the DCs microtubule cytoskeleton undergoes major spatial changes during synapse formation that favor polarization of the DCs subcellular space toward the interacting T cell. Recently, we have begun to investigate the trafficking machinery that controls polarized delivery of endosomal vesicles at the DC–T immune synapse with the aim of understanding the functional relevance of polarized secretion of soluble factors during T-cell priming. Here, we will review the current knowledge of events occurring in DCs during synapse formation and discuss the open questions that still remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Benvenuti
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Trieste , Italy
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9
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Valenzuela NM, Reed EF. Antibodies to HLA Molecules Mimic Agonistic Stimulation to Trigger Vascular Cell Changes and Induce Allograft Injury. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2015; 2:222-232. [PMID: 28344919 DOI: 10.1007/s40472-015-0065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-induced signaling in endothelial and smooth muscle cells causes dramatic cytoskeletal rearrangement, increased survival, motility, proliferation, adhesion molecule and chemokine expression, and adhesion of leukocytes. These mechanisms are directly related to endothelial activation, neointimal proliferation, and intragraft accumulation of leukocytes during antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and chronic rejection. Clustering of HLA by ligands in trans, such as in antigen-presenting cells at the immune synapse, triggers physiological functions analogous to HLA antibody-induced signaling in vascular cells. Emerging evidence has revealed previously unknown functions for HLA beyond antigen presentation, including association with coreceptors in cis to permit signal transduction, and modulation of intracellular signaling downstream of other receptors that may be relevant to HLA signaling in the graft vasculature. We discuss the literature regarding HLA-induced signaling in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, as well as under endogenous biological conditions, and how such signaling relates to functional changes and pathological mechanisms during graft injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Valenzuela
- UCLA Immunogenetics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 1000 Veteran Ave Room 1-520, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elaine F Reed
- UCLA Immunogenetics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 1000 Veteran Ave Room 1-520, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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10
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Bustamante J, Boisson-Dupuis S, Abel L, Casanova JL. Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease: genetic, immunological, and clinical features of inborn errors of IFN-γ immunity. Semin Immunol 2014; 26:454-70. [PMID: 25453225 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) is a rare condition characterized by predisposition to clinical disease caused by weakly virulent mycobacteria, such as BCG vaccines and environmental mycobacteria, in otherwise healthy individuals with no overt abnormalities in routine hematological and immunological tests. MSMD designation does not recapitulate all the clinical features, as patients are also prone to salmonellosis, candidiasis and tuberculosis, and more rarely to infections with other intramacrophagic bacteria, fungi, or parasites, and even, perhaps, a few viruses. Since 1996, nine MSMD-causing genes, including seven autosomal (IFNGR1, IFNGR2, STAT1, IL12B, IL12RB1, ISG15, and IRF8) and two X-linked (NEMO, and CYBB) genes have been discovered. The high level of allelic heterogeneity has already led to the definition of 18 different disorders. The nine gene products are physiologically related, as all are involved in IFN-γ-dependent immunity. These disorders impair the production of (IL12B, IL12RB1, IRF8, ISG15, NEMO) or the response to (IFNGR1, IFNGR2, STAT1, IRF8, CYBB) IFN-γ. These defects account for only about half the known MSMD cases. Patients with MSMD-causing genetic defects may display other infectious diseases, or even remain asymptomatic. Most of these inborn errors do not show complete clinical penetrance for the case-definition phenotype of MSMD. We review here the genetic, immunological, and clinical features of patients with inborn errors of IFN-γ-dependent immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France, EU; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU; Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France, EU.
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France, EU; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France, EU; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France, EU; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NY, USA; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU
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11
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Hillen MR, Ververs FA, Kruize AA, Van Roon JA. Dendritic cells, T-cells and epithelial cells: a crucial interplay in immunopathology of primary Sjögren's syndrome. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:521-31. [PMID: 24450381 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.878650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration of exocrine glands. T-cells have been shown to play a central role in tissue destruction and regulation of B-cell activity and the production of autoantibodies typifying pSS. Despite the fact that dendritic cells (DCs) are candidate key players in the activation of T- and B-cells in pSS, their contribution has been under evaluated. This manuscript reviews current insights in DC biology and examines literature on the role of DCs in the immunopathology of primary Sjögren's syndrome, focusing on the interplay between dendritic cells, epithelial cells and T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten R Hillen
- UMC Utrecht, Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
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12
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Genetically modified hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for HIV-1-infected patients: can we achieve a cure? Mol Ther 2013; 22:257-264. [PMID: 24220323 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The cure of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patient following allogeneic transplantation from a CCR5-null donor and potential cure of two patients transplanted with CCR5 wild-type hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) have provided renewed optimism that a potential alternative to conventional antiretroviral therapy (ART) is forthcoming. While allogeneic grafts have thus far suggested complete eradication of viral reservoirs, it has yet to be observed following autologous HSC transplantation. Development of curative autologous transplantation strategies would significantly increase the number of treatable patients, eliminating the need for matched donors and reducing the risks of adverse events. Recent studies suggest gene therapy may provide a mechanism for developing curative therapies. Expression of cellular/artificial restriction factors or disruption of CCR5 has been shown to limit viral replication and provide protection of genetically modified cells. However, significant obstacles remain with regards to the depletion of established viral reservoirs in an autologous transplantation setting devoid of the "allo-effect". Here, we discuss results from early-stage clinical trials and recent findings in animal models of gene modified HSC transplantation. Finally, we propose innovative combination therapies that may aid in the reduction and/or elimination of viral reservoirs in HIV-1-infected patients and promote the artificial development of a natural controller phenotype.
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Kim ME, Kim HK, Kim DH, Yoon JH, Lee JS. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid fromlicorice rootimpairs dendritic cells maturation and Th1 immune responses. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 35:329-35. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2013.768636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Chemin K, Bohineust A, Dogniaux S, Tourret M, Guégan S, Miro F, Hivroz C. Cytokine secretion by CD4+ T cells at the immunological synapse requires Cdc42-dependent local actin remodeling but not microtubule organizing center polarity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:2159-68. [PMID: 22821962 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine secretion by T lymphocytes plays a central role in mounting adaptive immune responses. However, little is known about how newly synthesized cytokines, once produced, are routed within T cells and about the mechanisms involved in regulating their secretions. In this study, we investigated the role of cytoskeleton remodeling at the immunological synapse (IS) in cytokine secretion. We show that a key regulator of cytoskeleton remodeling, the Rho GTPase Cdc42, controls IFN-γ secretion by primary human CD4+ T lymphocytes. Surprisingly, microtubule organizing center polarity at the IS, which does not depend on Cdc42, is not required for cytokine secretion by T lymphocytes, whereas microtubule polymerization is required. In contrast, actin remodeling at the IS, which depends on Cdc42, controls the formation of the polymerized actin ring at the IS, the dynamic concentration of IFN-γ-containing vesicles inside this ring, and the secretion of these vesicles. These results reveal a previously unidentified role of Cdc42-dependent actin remodeling in cytokine exocytosis at the IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Chemin
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris F-75248, France
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15
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Abdi K, Singh NJ, Matzinger P. Lipopolysaccharide-activated dendritic cells: "exhausted" or alert and waiting? THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:5981-9. [PMID: 22561154 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
LPS-activated dendritic cells (DCs) are thought to follow a set program in which they secrete inflammatory cytokines (such as IL-12) and then become refractory to further stimulation (i.e., "exhausted"). In this study, we show that mouse DCs do indeed lose their responsiveness to LPS, but nevertheless remain perfectly capable of making inflammatory cytokines in response to signals from activated T cells and to CD40-ligand and soluble T cell-derived signals. Furthermore, far from being rigidly programmed by the original activating stimulus, the DCs retained sufficient plasticity to respond differentially to interactions with Th0, Th1, Th2, and Th17 T cells. These data suggest that LPS activation does not exhaust DCs but rather primes them for subsequent signals from T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Abdi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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16
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Liu L, Li L, Min J, Wang J, Wu H, Zeng Y, Chen S, Chu Z. Butyrate interferes with the differentiation and function of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Cell Immunol 2012; 277:66-73. [PMID: 22698927 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that are uniquely capable of either inducing immune responses or maintaining a state of self-tolerance, depending on their stage of maturation. In the present study, we describe a way to interfere with DCs maturation. The compound butyrate can affect the differentiation of DCs generated from human monocytes and can inhibit T cell proliferation. We demonstrate that butyrate substantially down-regulates the expression of CD80, CD83, and MHC class II molecules; increases endocytic capability; reduces allostimulatory abilities; promote interleukin-10 (IL-10) production; and inhibits interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production. These results demonstrate a specific immune suppression property of butyrate and supports further investigation for butyrate as a new immunotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Duchez S, Rodrigues M, Bertrand F, Valitutti S. Reciprocal Polarization of T and B Cells at the Immunological Synapse. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:4571-80. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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18
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Pannetier D, Reynard S, Russier M, Journeaux A, Tordo N, Deubel V, Baize S. Human dendritic cells infected with the nonpathogenic Mopeia virus induce stronger T-cell responses than those infected with Lassa virus. J Virol 2011; 85:8293-306. [PMID: 21632749 PMCID: PMC3147965 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02120-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The events leading to death in severe cases of Lassa fever (LF) are unknown. Fatality seems to be linked to high viremia and immunosuppression, and cellular immunity, rather than neutralizing antibodies, appears to be essential for survival. We previously compared Lassa virus (LV) with its genetically close but nonpathogenic homolog Mopeia virus (MV), which was used to model nonfatal LF. We showed that strong and early activation of antigen-presenting cells (APC) may play a crucial role in controlling infection. Here we developed an in vitro model of dendritic-cell (DC)-T-cell coculture in order to characterize human T-cell responses induced by MV- or LV-infected DCs. Our results show very different responses to infection with LV and MV. MV strongly and durably stimulated CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells, showing early and high activation, a strong proliferative response, and acquisition of effector and memory phenotypes. Furthermore, robust and functional CD4(+) and CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were generated. LV, however, induced only weak memory responses. Thus, this study allows an improved understanding of the pathogenesis and immune mechanisms involved in the control of human LV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Pannetier
- Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, Lyon Cedex 07, France.
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Husson J, Chemin K, Bohineust A, Hivroz C, Henry N. Force generation upon T cell receptor engagement. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19680. [PMID: 21572959 PMCID: PMC3091878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are major players of adaptive immune response in mammals. Recognition of an antigenic peptide in association with the major histocompatibility complex at the surface of an antigen presenting cell (APC) is a specific and sensitive process whose mechanism is not fully understood. The potential contribution of mechanical forces in the T cell activation process is increasingly debated, although these forces are scarcely defined and hold only limited experimental evidence. In this work, we have implemented a biomembrane force probe (BFP) setup and a model APC to explore the nature and the characteristics of the mechanical forces potentially generated upon engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR) and/or lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1). We show that upon contact with a model APC coated with antibodies towards TCR-CD3, after a short latency, the T cell developed a timed sequence of pushing and pulling forces against its target. These processes were defined by their initial constant growth velocity and loading rate (force increase per unit of time). LFA-1 engagement together with TCR-CD3 reduced the growing speed during the pushing phase without triggering the same mechanical behavior when engaged alone. Intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) was monitored simultaneously to verify the cell commitment in the activation process. [Ca(2+)](i) increased a few tens of seconds after the beginning of the pushing phase although no strong correlation appeared between the two events. The pushing phase was driven by actin polymerization. Tuning the BFP mechanical properties, we could show that the loading rate during the pulling phase increased with the target stiffness. This indicated that a mechanosensing mechanism is implemented in the early steps of the activation process. We provide here the first quantified description of force generation sequence upon local bidimensional engagement of TCR-CD3 and discuss its potential role in a T cell mechanically-regulated activation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Husson
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris France
- CNRS, UMR168, Paris, France
- Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Karine Chemin
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris France
- INSERM, U932, Paris, France
| | - Armelle Bohineust
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris France
- INSERM, U932, Paris, France
| | - Claire Hivroz
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris France
- INSERM, U932, Paris, France
| | - Nelly Henry
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris France
- CNRS, UMR168, Paris, France
- Université Paris 6, Paris, France
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20
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Abdi K, Singh NJ. Antigen-activated T cells induce IL-12p75 production from dendritic cells in an IFN-γ-independent manner. Scand J Immunol 2011; 72:511-21. [PMID: 21044125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02467.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The addition of IL-12p75 to naïve CD4(+) T cells promotes their differentiation towards a TH1-type cytokine pattern. Dendritic cells stimulated by LPS generate IL-12p75, but only if the environment also contains IFN-γ. Thus, it appears that IFN-γ is needed to start the response that will result in further production of IFN-γ. We previously reported that paradoxically DCs produce IL-12p75 only after engaging primed, but not naïve T cells. This study examines the mechanism by which primed T cells trigger IL-12p75 secretion and asks whether this induction is also dependent on the presence of IFN-γ. Here, we show that, in contrast to LPS, primed T cells induce IL-12p75 in an IFN-γ-independent manner. Addition of rIFN-γ to cocultures of naïve T cells with DCs did not induce IL-12p75. Moreover, antigen-activated CD4(+) T cells from wild type or IFN-γ-deficient mice both initiated IL-12p75 production from DCs. Surprisingly, we found that synergies between three T-cell-derived factors - CD40 Ligand, IL-4 and GM-CSF - were necessary and sufficient for IL-12p75 production. These results suggest that there are at least two distinct pathways for IL-12p75 production in vivo. Furthermore, the T-cell-dependent pathway of IL-12p75 production employs molecules that are not classically associated with a TH1-type response.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Abdi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0420, USA.
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21
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de Beaucoudrey L, Samarina A, Bustamante J, Cobat A, Boisson-Dupuis S, Feinberg J, Al-Muhsen S, Jannière L, Rose Y, Desurenaim M, Kong XF, Filipe-Santos O, Chapgier A, Picard C, Fischer A, Dogu F, Ikinciogullari A, Tanir G, Hajjar SA, Jumaah SA, Frayha HH, AlSum Z, Ajaji SA, Alangari A, Al-Ghonaium A, Adimi P, Mansouri D, Mustapha IB, Yancoski J, Garty BZ, Rodriguez-Gallego C, Caragol I, Kutukculer N, Kumararatne DS, Patel S, Doffinger R, Exley A, Jeppsson O, Reichenbach J, Nadal D, Boyko Y, Pietrucha B, Anderson S, Levin M, Schandené L, Schepers K, Efira A, Mascart F, Matsuoka M, Sakai T, Siegrist CA, Frecerova K, Blüetters-Sawatzki R, Bernhöft J, Freihorst J, Baumann U, Richter D, Haerynck F, De Baets F, Novelli V, Lammas D, Vermylen C, Tuerlinckx D, Nieuwhof C, Pac M, Haas WH, Müller-Fleckenstein I, Fleckenstein B, Levy J, Raj R, Cohen AC, Lewis DB, Holland S, Yang KD, Wang X, Jiang XWL, Yang X, Zhu C, Xie Y, Lee PPW, Chan KW, Chen TX, Castro G, Ivelisse N, Codoceo A, King A, Bezrodnik L, Giovani DD, Gaillard MI, de Moraes-Vasconcelos D, Grumach AS, Duarte AJDS, Aldana R, Espinosa-Rosales FJ, Bejaoui M, Bousfiha AA, El Baghdadi J, Özbek N, Aksu G, Keser M, Somer A, Hatipoglu N, Aydogmus Ç, Asilsoy S, Camcioglu Y, Gülle S, Ozgur TT, Ozen M, Oleastro M, Bernasconi A, Mamishi S, Parvaneh N, Rosenzweig S, Barbouche R, Pedraza S, Lau YL, Ehlayel MS, Fieschi C, Abel L, Sanal O, Casanova JL. Revisiting human IL-12Rβ1 deficiency: a survey of 141 patients from 30 countries. Medicine (Baltimore) 2010; 89:381-402. [PMID: 21057261 PMCID: PMC3129625 DOI: 10.1097/md.0b013e3181fdd832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-12 receptor β1 (IL-12Rβ1) deficiency is the most common form of Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD). We undertook an international survey of 141 patients from 102 kindreds in 30 countries. Among 102 probands, the first infection occurred at a mean age of 2.4 years. In 78 patients, this infection was caused by Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG; n = 65), environmental mycobacteria (EM; also known as atypical or nontuberculous mycobacteria) (n = 9) or Mycobacterium tuberculosis (n = 4). Twenty-two of the remaining 24 probands initially presented with nontyphoidal, extraintestinal salmonellosis. Twenty of the 29 genetically affected sibs displayed clinical signs (69%); however 8 remained asymptomatic (27%). Nine nongenotyped sibs with symptoms died. Recurrent BCG infection was diagnosed in 15 cases, recurrent EM in 3 cases, recurrent salmonellosis in 22 patients. Ninety of the 132 symptomatic patients had infections with a single microorganism. Multiple infections were diagnosed in 40 cases, with combined mycobacteriosis and salmonellosis in 36 individuals. BCG disease strongly protected against subsequent EM disease (p = 0.00008). Various other infectious diseases occurred, albeit each rarely, yet candidiasis was reported in 33 of the patients (23%). Ninety-nine patients (70%) survived, with a mean age at last follow-up visit of 12.7 years ± 9.8 years (range, 0.5-46.4 yr). IL-12Rβ1 deficiency is characterized by childhood-onset mycobacteriosis and salmonellosis, rare recurrences of mycobacterial disease, and more frequent recurrence of salmonellosis. The condition has higher clinical penetrance, broader susceptibility to infections, and less favorable outcome than previously thought.
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22
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Tourret M, Guégan S, Chemin K, Dogniaux S, Miro F, Bohineust A, Hivroz C. T cell polarity at the immunological synapse is required for CD154-dependent IL-12 secretion by dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:6809-18. [PMID: 20980629 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ag-specific interaction between T lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) leads to both T cell and DC activation. CD154 (CD40 ligand)/CD40 interactions have been shown to play a major, although not exclusive, role in this functional cross-talk. Interactions between T cells and DCs are structured by an immunological synapse (IS), characterized by polarization of the T cell microtubule cytoskeleton toward the interacting DCs. Yet the role T cell polarization may play in T cell-induced DC activation is mostly unknown. In this study, we address the role of T cell polarity in CD154-dependent activation of DCs in a human model, using two different tools to block T cell polarity (i.e., a microtubule depolymerizing drug and an inhibitor of atypical protein kinase C). We show that CD154 is recruited and concentrated at the IS formed between human primary T cells and autologous DCs and that this recruitment requires T cell polarity at the IS. Moreover, we show that T cell polarization at the IS controls T cell-dependent CD154-CD40 signaling in DCs as well as CD154-dependent IL-12 secretion by DCs. This study shows that T cell polarity at the IS plays a key role in CD154/CD40-dependent cross-talk between CD4(+) T cells and DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Tourret
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Pavillon Pasteur and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 932, Immunité et Cancer, Paris, France
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23
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Bertrand F, Esquerré M, Petit AE, Rodrigues M, Duchez S, Delon J, Valitutti S. Activation of the ancestral polarity regulator protein kinase C zeta at the immunological synapse drives polarization of Th cell secretory machinery toward APCs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:2887-94. [PMID: 20679531 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A key feature in T lymphocyte biology is that Th cells rapidly polarize their secretory machinery toward cognate APCs. The molecular mechanisms of these dynamic Th cell responses and their impact on APC biology remain to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that protein kinase Czeta (PKCzeta) is rapidly activated at the immunological synapse (IS) in human Th cells interacting with cognate dendritic cells (DCs) and that a functional PKCzeta is required for the polarization of Th cell secretory machinery toward DCs. We also show that PKCzeta-dependent Th cell polarization allows dedicated delivery of IFN-gamma and CD40L at the IS and is required for the activation of cognate DCs to IL-12 production. PKCzeta synaptic activation is a low-threshold phenomenon and, in Th cells interacting with multiple DCs, selectively occurs at the IS formed with the DCs offering the strongest stimulus leading to dedicated Th cell polarization. Our results identify the PKCzeta signaling pathway as a key component of the Th cell polarization machinery and provide a molecular basis for T cell-dedicated activation of cognate DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florie Bertrand
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 563, Section Dynamique Moléculaire des Interactions Lymphocytaires, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, France
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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis fibronectin attachment protein activates dendritic cells and induces a Th1 polarization. Infect Immun 2009; 77:2979-88. [PMID: 19398539 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01411-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis is a chronic infectious disorder and a major problem in farmed ruminants. This disease is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis is an important pathogen that causes Johne's disease in animals and also has been implicated as a possible cause of Crohn's disease in humans, but little is known about the protective immune responses to this microorganism. Fibronectin attachment protein (FAP) is a member of a family of fibronectin-binding proteins produced by several species of mycobacteria which is important in the pathogenesis of M. avium. Addition of recombinant FAP to human respiratory tract organ cultures inhibits M. avium binding to areas where there is epithelial damage. We characterized the role of FAP in promoting adaptive and innate immune responses. FAP functionally activated dendritic cells by augmenting the expression of CD80, CD86, major histocompatibility complex class I, and major histocompatibility complex class II. Moreover, FAP induced the allogeneic immunostimulatory capacity of dendritic cells by stimulating dendritic cell production of Th1-promoting interleukin-12. FAP also increased the production of gamma interferon by T cells in mixed-lymphocyte reactions, which would be expected to contribute to the Th1 polarization of the immune response. The expression of surface markers and cytokine production in dendritic cells was mediated by both mitogen-activated protein kinases and NF-kappaB pathways. These results show that FAP modulates the adaptive immune responses to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis by inducing maturation and activation of dendritic cells, which drives Th1 polarization.
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Donor bone-marrow suppressor of cytokine signaling-1-silenced dendritic cells prolong rat intestinal allograft survival. Transplant Proc 2009; 40:3707-10. [PMID: 19100470 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.07.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Revised: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) molecules belong to intracellular proteins that inhibit Janus kinase as well as signal transduction and activators of transcription pathways. In this study, we investigated whether SOCS-1-silenced dendritic cells (DCs) prolonged allograft survival in rat intestinal transplantation. Donor bone marrow-derived DCs were genetically transfected with SOCS-1 siRNA using liposomes. The level of SOCS-1 expression was quantitated by Western blots. DC function was assessed by MTT in mixed leukocyte reactions. We injected donor-derived SOCS-1 silenced DCs 7 days before heterotopic intestinal transplantation between SD donors and Wistar recipients. We compared untransfected DCs and silenced DCs to suppress allogeneic mixed leukocyte reactions. Recipients pretreated with SOCS-1-silenced DCs showed moderate survival prolongation with a mean allograft survival of 18.3 +/- 5.3 days (P < .05), compared with 6.4 +/- 2.0 days in the control group and 7.2 +/- 2.1 days in a control siRNA transfection DC group. The difference between untreated DCs group and the control group was not significant. In summary, SOCS-1 silenced DCs induced allogeneic T-cell hyporesponsiveness in vitro, promoting allograft survival in rat intestinal transplantation.
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26
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Mantegazza AR, Savina A, Vermeulen M, Pérez L, Geffner J, Hermine O, Rosenzweig SD, Faure F, Amigorena S. NADPH oxidase controls phagosomal pH and antigen cross-presentation in human dendritic cells. Blood 2008; 112:4712-22. [PMID: 18682599 PMCID: PMC2597138 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-01-134791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The phagocyte NADPH oxidase (NOX2) is critical for the bactericidal activity of phagocytic cells and plays a major role in innate immunity. We showed recently that NOX2 activity in mouse dendritic cells (DCs) prevents acidification of phagosomes, promoting antigen cross-presentation. In order to investigate the role of NOX2 in the regulation of the phagosomal pH in human DCs, we analyzed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the phagosomal/endosomal pH in monocyte-derived DCs and macrophages (M(diameter)s) from healthy donors or patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). As expected, we found that human M(diameter)s acidify their phagosomes more efficiently than human DCs. Accordingly, the expression of the vacuolar proton ATPase (V-H(+)-ATPase) was higher in M(diameter)s than in DCs. Phagosomal ROS production, however, was also higher in M(diameter)s than in DCs, due to higher levels of gp91phox expression and recruitment to phagosomes. In contrast, in the absence of active NOX2, the phagosomal and endosomal pH decreased. Both in the presence of a NOX2 inhibitor and in DCs derived from patients with CGD, the cross-presentation of 2 model tumor antigens was impaired. We conclude that NOX2 activity participates in the regulation of the phagosomal and endosomal pH in human DCs, and is required for efficient antigen cross-presentation.
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27
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Demotte N, Stroobant V, Courtoy PJ, Van Der Smissen P, Colau D, Luescher IF, Hivroz C, Nicaise J, Squifflet JL, Mourad M, Godelaine D, Boon T, van der Bruggen P. Restoring the association of the T cell receptor with CD8 reverses anergy in human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Immunity 2008; 28:414-24. [PMID: 18342010 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Revised: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
For several days after antigenic stimulation, human cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones exhibit a decrease in their effector activity and in their binding to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-peptide tetramers. We observed that, when in this state, CTLs lose the colocalization of the T cell receptor (TCR) and CD8. Effector function and TCR-CD8 colocalization were restored with galectin disaccharide ligands, suggesting that the binding of TCR to galectin plays a role in the distancing of TCR from CD8. These findings appear to be applicable in vivo, as TCR was observed to be distant from CD8 on human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, which were anergic. These lymphocytes recovered effector functions and TCR-CD8 colocalization after ex vivo treatment with galectin disaccharide ligands. The separation of TCR and CD8 molecules could be one major mechanism of anergy in tumors and other chronic stimulation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Demotte
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Cellular Genetics Unit, Institute of Cellular Pathology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Cognate CD4+ T-cell–dendritic cell interactions induce migration of immature dendritic cells through dissolution of their podosomes. Blood 2008; 111:3579-90. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-08-107755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) control T cell–based immunity. To do so they need to mature and migrate to sites of T-cell priming. We have previously shown that cognate interactions of human CD4+ T cells with DCs induce DC maturation. We show here that CC chemokines produced during antigen-specific T-DC interactions also induce strong morphologic modifications and migration of immature DCs. These modifications are required for efficient T-cell activation. Moreover, we show that CC chemokines produced during antigen-specific DC–T-cell interactions induce the dissolution of structures involved in cell motility and present on immature DCs (ie, podosomes). We thus propose a model in which chemokines secreted during Ag-specific contact between T cells and DCs induce disassembly of interacting and neighboring immature DC podosomes, leading to recruitment of more immature DCs toward sites of antigenic stimulation and to amplification of T-cell responses.
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29
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Freudenberg MA, Tchaptchet S, Keck S, Fejer G, Huber M, Schütze N, Beutler B, Galanos C. Lipopolysaccharide sensing an important factor in the innate immune response to Gram-negative bacterial infections: benefits and hazards of LPS hypersensitivity. Immunobiology 2007; 213:193-203. [PMID: 18406367 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2007.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Revised: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize our investigations concerning the differential importance of CD14 and LBP in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2)-mediated signaling by smooth and rough-form lipopolysaccharide (LPS) chemotypes and include the results obtained in studies with murine and human TLR4-transgenic mice. Furthermore, we present more recent data on the mechanisms involved in the induction of LPS hypersensitivity by bacterial and viral infections and on the reactivity of the hypersensitive host to non-LPS microbial ligands and endogenous mediators. Finally, the effects of pre-existing hypersensitivity on the course and outcome of a super-infection with Salmonella typhimurium or Listeria monocytogenes are summarized.
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30
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Xiao BG, Ma CG, Xu LY, Link H, Lu CZ. IL-12/IFN-gamma/NO axis plays critical role in development of Th1-mediated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Mol Immunol 2007; 45:1191-6. [PMID: 17697713 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the IL-12/IFN-gamma/nitric oxide (NO) axis in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases remains controversial. In parallel experiments, we explored the role of the IL-12/IFN-gamma/NO axis in the development of MOG 35-55-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice lacking IL-12, IFN-gamma receptor (IFN-gammaR) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), respectively. In comparison with wide-type control mice, IL-12-/-, IFN-gammaR-/- and NOS2-/- mice displayed more severe clinical signs of EAE both in remission and at subsequent relapse. Given the relatively low IFN-gamma production in IL-12-/- mice and the lack of IFN-gamma/IFN-gammaR signaling pathway in IFN-gammaR-/- mice, IL-12-/-, IFN-gammaR-/- and NOS2-/- mice with EAE exhibited low NO production. This correlated negatively with MOG 35-55-induced T cell proliferation. Both ED1-positive macrophages and CD4-positive T cells were increased in spinal cords from IL-12-/-, IFN-gammaR-/- and NOS2-/- compared to control mice. In vitro experiments demonstrate that spleen mononuclear cells from IL-12-/-, IFN-gammaR-/- and NOS2-/-mice with EAE present stronger migration capacity when compared to control mice. These results reveal that the IL-12/IFN-gamma/NO axis plays a critical role in the development of MOG 35-55-induced EAE, possibly over failing NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Guo Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, and Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, 12 Middle Wulumuqi Road, 200040 Shanghai,
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31
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Xu H, Zhang Y, Hua Y, Chen T, Wang H, Wu W. IL-12 p35 silenced dendritic cells modulate immune responses by blocking IL-12 signaling through JAK-STAT pathway in T lymphocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 353:812-6. [PMID: 17194445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2006] [Accepted: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) constitute a complex system of uniquely specialized antigen-presenting cells (APC) that play crucial roles in the initiation and regulation of immune responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that DC silenced by siRNA IL-12 p35 showed tolerogenic capacity in vitro. However, their mechanism of action is not fully understood. In this study, IL-12p35 siRNA was chemically synthesized and transfected into DCs. A coculture of T cells and DCs was performed. After 30 min coculture, T cells were harvested and analyzed. We showed that the IL-12 p35 silenced DCs decreased IL-12-induced T cell responses through blocking tyrosine phosphorylation of JAK2, TYK2, STAT3, and STAT4 proteins in T cells. These results demonstrate IL-12 p35 silenced DCs modulate immune responses by blocking IL-12 signaling through JAK-STAT pathway in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China
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