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Rega LR, Janssens V, Graversen JH, Moestrup SK, Cairoli S, Goffredo BM, Nevo N, Courtoy GE, Jouret F, Antignac C, Emma F, Pierreux CE, Courtoy PJ. Dietary supplementation of cystinotic mice by lysine inhibits the megalin pathway and decreases kidney cystine content. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17276. [PMID: 37828038 PMCID: PMC10570359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Megalin/LRP2 is a major receptor supporting apical endocytosis in kidney proximal tubular cells. We have previously reported that kidney-specific perinatal ablation of the megalin gene in cystinotic mice, a model of nephropathic cystinosis, essentially blocks renal cystine accumulation and partially preserves kidney tissue integrity. Here, we examined whether inhibition of the megalin pathway in adult cystinotic mice by dietary supplementation (5x-fold vs control regular diet) with the dibasic amino-acids (dAAs), lysine or arginine, both of which are used to treat patients with other rare metabolic disorders, could also decrease renal cystine accumulation and protect cystinotic kidneys. Using surface plasmon resonance, we first showed that both dAAs compete for protein ligand binding to immobilized megalin in a concentration-dependent manner, with identical inhibition curves by L- and D-stereoisomers. In cystinotic mice, 2-month diets with 5x-L-lysine and 5x-L-arginine were overall well tolerated, while 5x-D-lysine induced strong polyuria but no weight loss. All diets induced a marked increase of dAA urinary excretion, most prominent under 5x-D-lysine, without sign of kidney insufficiency. Renal cystine accumulation was slowed down approx. twofold by L-dAAs, and totally suppressed by D-lysine. We conclude that prolonged dietary manipulation of the megalin pathway in kidneys is feasible, tolerable and can be effective in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Rega
- Nephrology Research Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - V Janssens
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Louvain University Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J H Graversen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - S K Moestrup
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - S Cairoli
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Drug Biology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - B M Goffredo
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Drug Biology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - N Nevo
- Laboratoire des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires, Inserm UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - G E Courtoy
- Imaging Platform (2IP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Louvain University Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
| | - F Jouret
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - C Antignac
- Laboratoire des Maladies Rénales Héréditaires, Inserm UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - F Emma
- Nephrology Research Unit, Translational Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - C E Pierreux
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Louvain University Medical School, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - P J Courtoy
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Louvain University Medical School, Brussels, Belgium.
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2
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Grieco G, Wang T, Delcorte O, Spourquet C, Janssens V, Strickaert A, Gaide Chevronnay HP, Liao XH, Bilanges B, Refetoff S, Vanhaesebroeck B, Maenhaut C, Courtoy PJ, Pierreux CE. Class III PI3K Vps34 Controls Thyroid Hormone Production by Regulating Thyroglobulin Iodination, Lysosomal Proteolysis, and Tissue Homeostasis. Thyroid 2020; 30:133-146. [PMID: 31650902 PMCID: PMC6983755 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: The production of thyroid hormones [triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4)] depends on the organization of the thyroid in follicles, which are lined by a monolayer of thyrocytes with strict apicobasal polarity. This polarization supports vectorial transport of thyroglobulin (Tg) for storage into, and recapture from, the colloid. It also allows selective addressing of channels, transporters, ion pumps, and enzymes to their appropriate basolateral [Na+/I- symporter (NIS), SLC26A7, and Na+/K+-ATPase] or apical membrane domain (anoctamin, SLC26A4, DUOX2, DUOXA2, and thyroperoxidase). How these actors of T3/T4 synthesis reach their final destination remains poorly understood. The PI 3-kinase isoform Vps34/PIK3C3 is now recognized as a main component in the general control of vesicular trafficking and of cell homeostasis through the regulation of endosomal trafficking and autophagy. We recently reported that conditional Vps34 inactivation in proximal tubular cells in the kidney prevents normal addressing of apical membrane proteins and causes abortive macroautophagy. Methods:Vps34 was inactivated using a Pax8-driven Cre recombinase system. The impact of Vps34 inactivation in thyrocytes was analyzed by histological, immunolocalization, and messenger RNA expression profiling. Thyroid hormone synthesis was assayed by 125I injection and plasma analysis. Results:Vps34 conditional knockout (Vps34cKO) mice were born at the expected Mendelian ratio and showed normal growth until postnatal day 14 (P14), then stopped growing and died at ∼1 month of age. We therefore analyzed thyroid Vps34cKO at P14. We found that loss of Vps34 in thyrocytes causes (i) disorganization of thyroid parenchyma, with abnormal thyrocyte and follicular shape and reduced PAS+ colloidal spaces; (ii) severe noncompensated hypothyroidism with extremely low T4 levels (0.75 ± 0.62 μg/dL) and huge thyrotropin plasma levels (19,300 ± 10,500 mU/L); (iii) impaired 125I organification at comparable uptake and frequent occurrence of follicles with luminal Tg but nondetectable T4-bearing Tg; (iv) intense signal in thyrocytes for the lysosomal membrane marker, LAMP-1, as well as Tg and the autophagy marker, p62, indicating defective lysosomal proteolysis; and (v) presence of macrophages in the colloidal space. Conclusions: We conclude that Vps34 is crucial for thyroid hormonogenesis, at least by controlling epithelial organization, Tg iodination as well as proteolytic T3/T4 excision in lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Grieco
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tongsong Wang
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ophélie Delcorte
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Spourquet
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginie Janssens
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Strickaert
- Thyroid Cancer Group, Faculty of Medecine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Xiao-Hui Liao
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Benoît Bilanges
- Cell Signalling, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- Cell Signalling, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carine Maenhaut
- Thyroid Cancer Group, Faculty of Medecine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre J. Courtoy
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe E. Pierreux
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Address correspondence to: Christophe E. Pierreux, PhD, Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, 75, Avenue Hippocrate, Brussels B-1200, Belgium
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3
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Janssens V, Gaide Chevronnay HP, Marie S, Vincent MF, Van Der Smissen P, Nevo N, Vainio S, Nielsen R, Christensen EI, Jouret F, Antignac C, Pierreux CE, Courtoy PJ. Protection of Cystinotic Mice by Kidney-Specific Megalin Ablation Supports an Endocytosis-Based Mechanism for Nephropathic Cystinosis Progression. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:2177-2190. [PMID: 31548351 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019040371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deletions or inactivating mutations of the cystinosin gene CTNS lead to cystine accumulation and crystals at acidic pH in patients with nephropathic cystinosis, a rare lysosomal storage disease and the main cause of hereditary renal Fanconi syndrome. Early use of oral cysteamine to prevent cystine accumulation slows progression of nephropathic cystinosis but it is a demanding treatment and not a cure. The source of cystine accumulating in kidney proximal tubular cells and cystine's role in disease progression are unknown. METHODS To investigate whether receptor-mediated endocytosis by the megalin/LRP2 pathway of ultrafiltrated, disulfide-rich plasma proteins could be a source of cystine in proximal tubular cells, we used a mouse model of cystinosis in which conditional excision of floxed megalin/LRP2 alleles in proximal tubular cells of cystinotic mice was achieved by a Cre-LoxP strategy using Wnt4-CRE. We evaluated mice aged 6-9 months for kidney cystine levels and crystals; histopathology, with emphasis on swan-neck lesions and proximal-tubular-cell apoptosis and proliferation (turnover); and proximal-tubular-cell expression of the major apical transporters sodium-phosphate cotransporter 2A (NaPi-IIa) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2). RESULTS Wnt4-CRE-driven megalin/LRP2 ablation in cystinotic mice efficiently blocked kidney cystine accumulation, thereby preventing lysosomal deformations and crystal deposition in proximal tubular cells. Swan-neck lesions were largely prevented and proximal-tubular-cell turnover was normalized. Apical expression of the two cotransporters was also preserved. CONCLUSIONS These observations support a key role of the megalin/LRP2 pathway in the progression of nephropathic cystinosis and provide a proof of concept for the pathway as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Janssens
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Sandrine Marie
- Biochemical Genetics, Academic Hospital Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Patrick Van Der Smissen
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Nevo
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Seppo Vainio
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Rikke Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
| | | | - François Jouret
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Corinne Antignac
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Christophe E Pierreux
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Pierre J Courtoy
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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4
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Degosserie J, Heymans C, Spourquet C, Halbout M, D'Auria L, Van Der Smissen P, Vertommen D, Courtoy PJ, Tyteca D, Pierreux CE. Extracellular vesicles from endothelial progenitor cells promote thyroid follicle formation. J Extracell Vesicles 2018; 7:1487250. [PMID: 29963298 PMCID: PMC6022243 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2018.1487250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Organogenesis is a complex and dynamic process requiring reciprocal communication between different cell types. In the thyroid, thyrocyte progenitors secrete the angiocrine factor, VEGFA, to recruit endothelial cells. In return, endothelial cells promote thyrocyte organisation into spherical follicular structures, which are responsible for thyroid hormone synthesis and storage. Medium conditioned by endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can promote follicle formation and lumen expansion (i.e. folliculogenesis) in an ex vivo culture system of thyroid lobes. Here, we postulated that endothelial cells instruct thyrocyte progenitors by producing extracellular vesicles (EVs). We found that medium conditioned by EPCs contain EVs with exosomal characteristics and that these vesicles can be incorporated into thyrocyte progenitors. By mass spectrometry, laminin peptides were abundantly identified in the EV preparations, probably co-sedimenting with EVs. Laminin-α1 silencing in EPC abrogated the folliculogenic effect of EVs. However, density gradient separation of EVs from laminins revealed that both EV-rich and laminin-rich fractions exhibited folliculogenic activity. In conclusion, we suggest that endothelial cells can produce EVs favouring thyrocyte organisation into follicles and lumen expansion, a mechanism promoted by laminin-α1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Degosserie
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Heymans
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Spourquet
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathias Halbout
- BCHM Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ludovic D'Auria
- Neurochemistry group, CEMO division, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Der Smissen
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,PICT plateform, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier Vertommen
- PHOS Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre J Courtoy
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Donatienne Tyteca
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,PICT plateform, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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5
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Courtoy PJ, Henriet P. GATM Mutations Cause a Dominant Fibrillar Conformational Disease in Mitochondria-When Eternity Kills. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:1787-1789. [PMID: 29789432 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018040450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre J Courtoy
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Henriet
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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6
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Johanns M, Lemoine P, Janssens V, Grieco G, Moestrup SK, Nielsen R, Christensen EI, Courtoy PJ, Emonard H, Marbaix E, Henriet P. Cellular uptake of proMMP-2:TIMP-2 complexes by the endocytic receptor megalin/LRP-2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4328. [PMID: 28659595 PMCID: PMC5489529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are regulated at multiple transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, among which receptor-mediated endocytic clearance. We previously showed that low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) mediates the clearance of a complex between the zymogen form of MMP-2 (proMMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, TIMP-2, in HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells. Here we show that, in BN16 rat yolk sac cells, proMMP-2:TIMP-2 complex is endocytosed through a distinct LRP member, megalin/LRP-2. Addition of receptor-associated protein (RAP), a natural LRP antagonist, caused accumulation of endogenous proMMP-2 and TIMP-2 in conditioned media. Incubation with RAP also inhibited membrane binding and cellular uptake of exogenous iodinated proMMP-2:TIMP-2. Moreover, antibodies against megalin/LRP-2, but not against LRP-1, inhibited binding of proMMP-2:TIMP-2 to BN16 cell surface. BIAcore analysis confirmed direct interaction between the complex and megalin/LRP-2. Conditional renal invalidation of megalin/LRP-2 in mice resulted in accumulation of proMMP-2 and TIMP-2 in their urine, highlighting the physiological relevance of the binding. We conclude that megalin/LRP-2 can efficiently mediate cell-surface binding and endocytosis of proMMP-2:TIMP-2 complex. Therefore megalin/LRP-2 can be considered as a new actor in regulation of MMP-2 activity, an enzyme crucially involved in many pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Johanns
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascale Lemoine
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginie Janssens
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giuseppina Grieco
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Soren K Moestrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Pierre J Courtoy
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hervé Emonard
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687, Reims, France
| | - Etienne Marbaix
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Henriet
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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7
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Welsby I, Detienne S, N'Kuli F, Thomas S, Wouters S, Bechtold V, De Wit D, Gineste R, Reinheckel T, Elouahabi A, Courtoy PJ, Didierlaurent AM, Goriely S. Lysosome-Dependent Activation of Human Dendritic Cells by the Vaccine Adjuvant QS-21. Front Immunol 2017; 7:663. [PMID: 28105029 PMCID: PMC5215313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The adjuvant properties of the saponin QS-21 have been known for decades. It is a component of the Adjuvant System AS01 that is used in several vaccine candidates. QS-21 strongly potentiates both cellular and humoral immune responses to purified antigens, yet how it activates immune cells is largely unknown. Here, we report that QS-21 directly activated human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) and promoted a pro-inflammatory transcriptional program. Cholesterol-dependent QS-21 endocytosis followed by lysosomal destabilization and Syk kinase activation were prerequisites for this response. Cathepsin B, a lysosomal cysteine protease, was essential for moDC activation in vitro and contributed to the adjuvant effects of QS-21 in vivo. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into the pathways involved in the direct activation of antigen-presenting cells by a clinically relevant QS-21 formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Welsby
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Gosselies , Belgium
| | - Sophie Detienne
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Gosselies , Belgium
| | - Francisca N'Kuli
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Séverine Thomas
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Gosselies , Belgium
| | | | | | - Dominique De Wit
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Gosselies , Belgium
| | | | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert Ludwigs University , Freiburg , Germany
| | | | - Pierre J Courtoy
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | | | - Stanislas Goriely
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , Gosselies , Belgium
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Abstract
Cystinosis is an autosomal recessive metabolic disease that belongs to the family of lysosomal storage disorders. It is caused by a defect in the lysosomal cystine transporter, cystinosin, which results in an accumulation of cystine in all organs. Despite the ubiquitous expression of cystinosin, a renal Fanconi syndrome is often the first manifestation of cystinosis, usually presenting within the first year of life and characterized by the early and severe dysfunction of proximal tubule cells, highlighting the unique vulnerability of this cell type. The current therapy for cystinosis, cysteamine, facilitates lysosomal cystine clearance and greatly delays progression to kidney failure but is unable to correct the Fanconi syndrome. This Review summarizes decades of studies that have fostered a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the renal Fanconi syndrome associated with cystinosis. These studies have unraveled some of the early molecular changes that occur before the onset of tubular atrophy and identified a role for cystinosin beyond cystine transport, in endolysosomal trafficking and proteolysis, lysosomal clearance, autophagy and the regulation of energy balance. These studies have also led to the identification of new potential therapeutic targets and here, we outline the potential role of stem cell therapy for cystinosis and provide insights into the mechanism of haematopoietic stem cell-mediated kidney protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cherqui
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0734, La Jolla, California 92093-0734, USA
| | - Pierre J Courtoy
- Cell biology, de Duve Institute and Université catholique de Louvain, UCL-Brussels, 75 Avenue Hippocrate, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Villacorte M, Delmarcelle AS, Lernoux M, Bouquet M, Lemoine P, Bolsée J, Umans L, de Sousa Lopes SC, Van Der Smissen P, Sasaki T, Bommer G, Henriet P, Refetoff S, Lemaigre FP, Zwijsen A, Courtoy PJ, Pierreux CE. Thyroid follicle development requires Smad1/Smad5- and endothelial-dependent basement membrane assembly. J Cell Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.193029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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10
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Goodman S, Naphade S, Sharma J, Chevronnay HPG, Courtoy PJ, Cherqui S. 336. Delivery Highways: Tunneling Nanotubes Facilitate Transfer of Therapeutic Molecules for Gene Therapy Treatment of Cystinosis. Mol Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)33145-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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11
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Villacorte M, Delmarcelle AS, Lernoux M, Bouquet M, Lemoine P, Bolsée J, Umans L, de Sousa Lopes SC, Van Der Smissen P, Sasaki T, Bommer G, Henriet P, Refetoff S, Lemaigre FP, Zwijsen A, Courtoy PJ, Pierreux CE. Thyroid follicle development requires Smad1/5- and endothelial cell-dependent basement membrane assembly. Development 2016; 143:1958-70. [PMID: 27068110 DOI: 10.1242/dev.134171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid follicles, the functional units of the thyroid gland, are delineated by a monolayer of thyrocytes resting on a continuous basement membrane. The developmental mechanisms of folliculogenesis, whereby follicles are formed by the reorganization of a non-structured mass of non-polarized epithelial cells, are largely unknown. Here we show that assembly of the epithelial basement membrane is crucial for folliculogenesis and is controlled by endothelial cell invasion and by BMP-Smad signaling in thyrocytes. Thyroid-specific Smad1 and Smad5 double-knockout (Smad1/5(dKO)) mice displayed growth retardation, hypothyroidism and defective follicular architecture. In Smad1/5(dKO) embryonic thyroids, epithelial cells remained associated in large clusters and formed small follicles. Although similar follicular defects are found in Vegfa knockout (Vegfa(KO)) thyroids, Smad1/5(dKO) thyroids had normal endothelial cell density yet impaired endothelial differentiation. Interestingly, both Vegfa(KO) and Smad1/5(dKO) thyroids displayed impaired basement membrane assembly. Furthermore, conditioned medium (CM) from embryonic endothelial progenitor cells (eEPCs) rescued the folliculogenesis defects of both Smad1/5(dKO) and Vegfa(KO) thyroids. Laminin α1, β1 and γ1, abundantly released by eEPCs into CM, were crucial for folliculogenesis. Thus, epithelial Smad signaling and endothelial cell invasion promote folliculogenesis via assembly of the basement membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylah Villacorte
- de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Manon Lernoux
- de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mahé Bouquet
- de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascale Lemoine
- de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Bolsée
- de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lieve Umans
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Celgen), Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, KU Leuven, 2333 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Takako Sasaki
- Department of Matrix Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 879-5593 Oita, Japan
| | - Guido Bommer
- de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Henriet
- de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- Department of Medicine, Pediatrics and Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Frédéric P Lemaigre
- de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - An Zwijsen
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pierre J Courtoy
- de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Gaide Chevronnay HP, Janssens V, Van Der Smissen P, Rocca CJ, Liao XH, Refetoff S, Pierreux CE, Cherqui S, Courtoy PJ. Hematopoietic Stem Cells Transplantation Can Normalize Thyroid Function in a Cystinosis Mouse Model. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1363-71. [PMID: 26812160 PMCID: PMC4816724 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is the most frequent and earliest endocrine complication in cystinosis, a multisystemic lysosomal storage disease caused by defective transmembrane cystine transporter, cystinosin (CTNS gene). We recently demonstrated in Ctns(-/-) mice that altered thyroglobulin biosynthesis associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress, combined with defective lysosomal processing, caused hypothyroidism. In Ctns(-/-) kidney, hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation provides long-term functional and structural protection. Tissue repair involves transfer of cystinosin-bearing lysosomes from HSCs differentiated as F4/80 macrophages into deficient kidney tubular cells, via tunneling nanotubes that cross basement laminae. Here we evaluated the benefit of HSC transplantation for cystinotic thyroid and investigated the underlying mechanisms. HSC engraftment in Ctns(-/-) thyroid drastically decreased cystine accumulation, normalized the TSH level, and corrected the structure of a large fraction of thyrocytes. In the thyroid microenvironment, HSCs differentiated into a distinct, mixed macrophage/dendritic cell lineage expressing CD45 and major histocompatibility complex II but low CD11b and F4/80. Grafted HSCs closely apposed to follicles and produced tunneling nanotube-like extensions that crossed follicular basement laminae. HSCs themselves further squeezed into follicles, allowing extensive contact with thyrocytes, but did not transdifferentiate into Nkx2.1-expressing cells. Our observations revealed significant differences of basement lamina porosity between the thyroid and kidney and/or intrinsic macrophage invasive properties once in the thyroid microenvironment. The contrast between extensive thyrocyte protection and low HSC abundance at steady state suggests multiple sequential encounters and/or remanent impact. This is the first report demonstrating the potential of HSC transplantation to correct thyroid disease and supports a major multisystemic benefit of stem cell therapy for cystinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Gaide Chevronnay
- Cell Biology Unit (H.P.G.C., V.J., P.V.D.S., C.E.P., P.J.C.), de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics (C.J.R., S.C.), Division of Genetics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92161; and Departments of Medicine (X.H.L., S.R.) and Pediatrics and Genetics (S.R.), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - V Janssens
- Cell Biology Unit (H.P.G.C., V.J., P.V.D.S., C.E.P., P.J.C.), de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics (C.J.R., S.C.), Division of Genetics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92161; and Departments of Medicine (X.H.L., S.R.) and Pediatrics and Genetics (S.R.), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - P Van Der Smissen
- Cell Biology Unit (H.P.G.C., V.J., P.V.D.S., C.E.P., P.J.C.), de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics (C.J.R., S.C.), Division of Genetics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92161; and Departments of Medicine (X.H.L., S.R.) and Pediatrics and Genetics (S.R.), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - C J Rocca
- Cell Biology Unit (H.P.G.C., V.J., P.V.D.S., C.E.P., P.J.C.), de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics (C.J.R., S.C.), Division of Genetics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92161; and Departments of Medicine (X.H.L., S.R.) and Pediatrics and Genetics (S.R.), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - X H Liao
- Cell Biology Unit (H.P.G.C., V.J., P.V.D.S., C.E.P., P.J.C.), de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics (C.J.R., S.C.), Division of Genetics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92161; and Departments of Medicine (X.H.L., S.R.) and Pediatrics and Genetics (S.R.), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - S Refetoff
- Cell Biology Unit (H.P.G.C., V.J., P.V.D.S., C.E.P., P.J.C.), de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics (C.J.R., S.C.), Division of Genetics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92161; and Departments of Medicine (X.H.L., S.R.) and Pediatrics and Genetics (S.R.), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - C E Pierreux
- Cell Biology Unit (H.P.G.C., V.J., P.V.D.S., C.E.P., P.J.C.), de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics (C.J.R., S.C.), Division of Genetics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92161; and Departments of Medicine (X.H.L., S.R.) and Pediatrics and Genetics (S.R.), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - S Cherqui
- Cell Biology Unit (H.P.G.C., V.J., P.V.D.S., C.E.P., P.J.C.), de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics (C.J.R., S.C.), Division of Genetics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92161; and Departments of Medicine (X.H.L., S.R.) and Pediatrics and Genetics (S.R.), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - P J Courtoy
- Cell Biology Unit (H.P.G.C., V.J., P.V.D.S., C.E.P., P.J.C.), de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics (C.J.R., S.C.), Division of Genetics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92161; and Departments of Medicine (X.H.L., S.R.) and Pediatrics and Genetics (S.R.), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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Andrzejewska Z, Nevo N, Thomas L, Chhuon C, Bailleux A, Chauvet V, Courtoy PJ, Chol M, Guerrera IC, Antignac C. Cystinosin is a Component of the Vacuolar H+-ATPase-Ragulator-Rag Complex Controlling Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Signaling. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:1678-88. [PMID: 26449607 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014090937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive storage disorder characterized by defective lysosomal efflux of cystine due to mutations in the CTNS gene encoding the lysosomal cystine transporter, cystinosin. Lysosomal cystine accumulation leads to crystal formation and functional impairment of multiple organs. Moreover, cystinosis is the most common inherited cause of renal Fanconi syndrome in children. Oral cysteamine therapy delays disease progression by reducing intracellular cystine levels. However, because cysteamine does not correct all complications of cystinosis, including Fanconi syndrome, we hypothesized that cystinosin could have novel roles in addition to transporting cystine out of the lysosome. By coimmunoprecipitation experiments and mass spectrometry, we found cystinosin interacts with almost all components of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase and the Ragulator complex and with the small GTPases Ras-related GTP-binding protein A (RagA) and RagC. Furthermore, the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway was downregulated in proximal tubular cell lines derived from Ctns(-/-) mice. Decrease of lysosomal cystine levels by cysteamine did not rescue mTORC1 activation in these cells, suggesting that the downregulation of mTORC1 is due to the absence of cystinosin rather than to the accumulation of cystine. Our results show a dual role for cystinosin as a cystine transporter and as a component of the mTORC1 pathway, and provide an explanation for the appearance of Fanconi syndrome in cystinosis. Furthermore, this study highlights the need to develop new treatments not dependent on lysosomal cystine depletion alone for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Andrzejewska
- French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France;
| | - Nathalie Nevo
- French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Thomas
- French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Cerina Chhuon
- Proteomic Platform Necker (PPN), 3P5, SFR, Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Anne Bailleux
- French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Chauvet
- French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Pierre J Courtoy
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; and
| | - Marie Chol
- French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Ida Chiara Guerrera
- Proteomic Platform Necker (PPN), 3P5, SFR, Paris Descartes University, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Antignac
- French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Department of Genetics, Necker Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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Naphade S, Sharma J, Gaide Chevronnay HP, Shook MA, Yeagy BA, Rocca CJ, Ur SN, Lau AJ, Courtoy PJ, Cherqui S. Brief reports: Lysosomal cross-correction by hematopoietic stem cell-derived macrophages via tunneling nanotubes. Stem Cells 2015; 33:301-9. [PMID: 25186209 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite controversies on the potential of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to promote tissue repair, we previously showed that HSC transplantation could correct cystinosis, a multisystemic lysosomal storage disease, caused by a defective lysosomal membrane cystine transporter, cystinosin (CTNS gene). Addressing the cellular mechanisms, we here report vesicular cross-correction after HSC differentiation into macrophages. Upon coculture with cystinotic fibroblasts, macrophages produced tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) allowing transfer of cystinosin-bearing lysosomes into Ctns-deficient cells, which exploited the same route to retrogradely transfer cystine-loaded lysosomes to macrophages, providing a bidirectional correction mechanism. TNT formation was enhanced by contact with diseased cells. In vivo, HSCs grafted to cystinotic kidneys also generated nanotubular extensions resembling invadopodia that crossed the dense basement membranes and delivered cystinosin into diseased proximal tubular cells. This is the first report of correction of a genetic lysosomal defect by bidirectional vesicular exchange via TNTs and suggests broader potential for HSC transplantation for other disorders due to defective vesicular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Naphade
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
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Brennand A, Rico E, Rigden DJ, Van Der Smissen P, Courtoy PJ, Michels PAM. ATG24 Represses Autophagy and Differentiation and Is Essential for Homeostasy of the Flagellar Pocket in Trypanosoma brucei. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130365. [PMID: 26090847 PMCID: PMC4474607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified homologs for nearly half of the approximately 30 known yeast Atg’s in the genome database of the human sleeping sickness parasite Trypanosoma brucei. So far, only a few of these homologs have their role in autophagy experimentally confirmed. Among the candidates was the ortholog of Atg24 that is involved in pexophagy in yeast. In T. brucei, the peroxisome-like organelles named glycosomes harbor core metabolic processes, especially glycolysis. In the autotrophic yeast, autophagy is essential for adaptation to different nutritional environments by participating in the renewal of the peroxisome population. We hypothesized that autophagic turnover of the parasite’s glycosomes plays a role in differentiation during its life cycle, which demands adaptation to different host environments and associated dramatic changes in nutritional conditions. We therefore characterized T. brucei ATG24, the T. brucei ortholog of yeast Atg24 and mammalian SNX4, and found it to have a regulatory role in autophagy and differentiation as well as endocytic trafficking. ATG24 partially localized on endocytic membranes where it was recruited via PI3-kinase III/VPS34. ATG24 silencing severely impaired receptor-mediated endocytosis of transferrin, but not adsorptive uptake of a lectin, and caused a major enlargement of the flagellar pocket. ATG24 silencing approximately doubled the number of autophagosomes, suggesting a role in repressing autophagy, and strongly accelerated differentiation, in accordance with a role of autophagy in parasite differentiation. Overexpression of the two isoforms of T. brucei ATG8 fused to GFP slowed down differentiation, possibly by a dominant-negative effect. This was overcome by ATG24 depletion, further supporting its regulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Brennand
- Research Unit for Tropical Diseases, de Duve Institute, and Laboratory of Biochemistry, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva Rico
- Research Unit for Tropical Diseases, de Duve Institute, and Laboratory of Biochemistry, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus Universitario, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel J. Rigden
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pierre J. Courtoy
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul A. M. Michels
- Research Unit for Tropical Diseases, de Duve Institute, and Laboratory of Biochemistry, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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16
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Gaide Chevronnay HP, Janssens V, Van Der Smissen P, Liao XH, Abid Y, Nevo N, Antignac C, Refetoff S, Cherqui S, Pierreux CE, Courtoy PJ. A mouse model suggests two mechanisms for thyroid alterations in infantile cystinosis: decreased thyroglobulin synthesis due to endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response and impaired lysosomal processing. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2349-64. [PMID: 25811319 PMCID: PMC4430621 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are released from thyroglobulin (Tg) in lysosomes, which are impaired in infantile/nephropathic cystinosis. Cystinosis is a lysosomal cystine storage disease due to defective cystine exporter, cystinosin. Cystinotic children develop subclinical and then overt hypothyroidism. Why hypothyroidism is the most frequent and earliest endocrine complication of cystinosis is unknown. We here defined early alterations in Ctns(-/-) mice thyroid and identified subcellular and molecular mechanisms. At 9 months, T4 and T3 plasma levels were normal and TSH was moderately increased (∼4-fold). By histology, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of most follicles preceded colloid exhaustion. Increased immunolabeling for thyrocyte proliferation and apoptotic shedding indicated accelerated cell turnover. Electron microscopy revealed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dilation, apical lamellipodia indicating macropinocytic colloid uptake, and lysosomal cystine crystals. Tg accumulation in dilated ER contrasted with mRNA down-regulation. Increased expression of ER chaperones, glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa and protein disulfide isomerase, associated with alternative X-box binding protein-1 splicing, revealed unfolded protein response (UPR) activation by ER stress. Decreased Tg mRNA and ER stress suggested reduced Tg synthesis. Coordinated increase of UPR markers, activating transcription factor-4 and C/EBP homologous protein, linked ER stress to apoptosis. Hormonogenic cathepsins were not altered, but lysosome-associated membrane protein-1 immunolabeling disclosed enlarged vesicles containing iodo-Tg and impaired lysosomal fusion. Isopycnic fractionation showed iodo-Tg accumulation in denser lysosomes, suggesting defective lysosomal processing and hormone release. In conclusion, Ctns(-/-) mice showed the following alterations: 1) compensated primary hypothyroidism and accelerated thyrocyte turnover; 2) impaired Tg production linked to ER stress/UPR response; and 3) altered endolysosomal trafficking and iodo-Tg processing. The Ctns(-/-) thyroid is useful to study disease progression and evaluate novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Gaide Chevronnay
- Cell Biology Unit (H.P.G.C., V.J., P.V.D.S., Y.A., C.E.P., P.J.C.), de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Departments of Medicine (X.H.L., S.R.) and Pediatrics and Genetics (S.R), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; INSERM, Unité 1163 (N.N., C.A.), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France; and Department of Pediatrics (S.C.), Division of Genetics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92161
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Coudyzer P, Lemoine P, Po C, Jordan BF, Van Der Smissen P, Courtoy PJ, Henriet P, Marbaix E. Induction of post-menstrual regeneration by ovarian steroid withdrawal in the functionalis of xenografted human endometrium. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:1156-68. [PMID: 25750204 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does the endometrial functionalis have the potential to undergo self-renewal after menstruation and how is this process controlled by ovarian steroids? SUMMARY ANSWER Endometrial xenografts subjected to withdrawal of estradiol and progesterone shrink but also show signs of proliferation and tissue repair; new estradiol supply prevents atrophy but is not sufficient to increase graft volume. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Menstruation, i.e. cyclic proteolysis of the extracellular matrix of endometrial functionalis, is induced by a fall in estrogen and progesterone concentration and is followed by tissue regeneration. However, there is debate about whether regenerating cells must originate from the basalis or from stem cells and whether new estrogen supply is required for the early repair concomitant with menstruation. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Fragments from human endometrial functionalis (from 24 hysterectomy specimens) were xenografted in ovariectomized SCID mice and submitted to a 4-day estradiol and progesterone withdrawal (to mimic menstruation) followed by re-exposure to estradiol (to mimic the proliferative phase). We measured signs of proliferation and changes in graft volume. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Endometrium was collected from spontaneously cycling women. Cell proliferation was examined by immunolabeling Ki-67, cyclin D1 and phosphorylated-histone H3. Xenograft volume was measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Xenograft histomorphometry was performed to determine how the different tissue compartments contributed to volume change. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Hormone withdrawal induced a rapid decrease in graft volume mainly attributable to stroma condensation and breakdown, concomitant with an increase of proliferation markers. Reinsertion of estradiol pellets after induced menstruation blocked volume decrease and stimulated epithelial and stromal growth, but, surprisingly, did not induce graft enlargement. Reinsertion of both estradiol and progesterone pellets blocked apoptosis. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Mechanisms of endometrial remodeling are different in women and mice and the contribution of circulating inflammatory cells in both species remains to be clarified. Moreover, during human menstruation, endometrial fragments resulting from tissue proteolysis can be expelled by the menstrual flow, unlike in this model. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Menstruation is a multifocal event within the functionalis. This is the first evidence that endometrial fragments that are not shed after menstrual tissue breakdown can support endometrial regeneration. Endometriosis is commonly thought to result from the retrograde migration of menstrual fragments of the degraded functionalis into the peritoneal cavity. Our study supports their potential to regenerate as ectopic endometrium. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique Médicale, Concerted Research Actions, Communauté Française de Belgique, Région wallonne, Région bruxelloise and Loterie nationale. P.H. and B.F.J. are research associates of the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S.-F.N.R.S.). E.M. is Associate Editor at Human Reproduction. There is no conflict of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Coudyzer
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascale Lemoine
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chrystelle Po
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte F Jordan
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Pierre J Courtoy
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Henriet
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne Marbaix
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Tyteca D, Nishino T, Debaix H, Van Der Smissen P, N'Kuli F, Hoffmann D, Cnops Y, Rabolli V, van Loo G, Beyaert R, Huaux F, Devuyst O, Courtoy PJ. Regulation of macrophage motility by the water channel aquaporin-1: crucial role of M0/M2 phenotype switch. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117398. [PMID: 25719758 PMCID: PMC4342038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The water channel aquaporin-1 (AQP1) promotes migration of many cell types. Although AQP1 is expressed in macrophages, its potential role in macrophage motility, particularly in relation with phenotype polarization, remains unknown. We here addressed these issues in peritoneal macrophages isolated from AQP1-deficient mice, either undifferentiated (M0) or stimulated with LPS to orientate towards pro-inflammatory phenotype (classical macrophage activation; M1). In non-stimulated macrophages, ablation of AQP1 (like inhibition by HgCl2) increased by 2-3 fold spontaneous migration in a Src/PI3K/Rac-dependent manner. This correlated with cell elongation and formation of lamellipodia/ruffles, resulting in membrane lipid and F4/80 recruitment to the leading edge. This indicated that AQP1 normally suppresses migration of resting macrophages, as opposed to other cell types. Resting Aqp1-/- macrophages exhibited CD206 redistribution into ruffles and increased arginase activity like IL4/IL13 (alternative macrophage activation; M2), indicating a M0-M2 shift. In contrast, upon M1 orientation by LPS in vitro or peritoneal inflammation in vivo, migration of Aqp1-/- macrophages was reduced. Taken together, these data indicate that AQP1 oppositely regulates macrophage migration, depending on stimulation or not by LPS, and that macrophage phenotypic and migratory changes may be regulated independently of external cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatienne Tyteca
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute (DDUV), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tomoya Nishino
- Pôle de Néphrologie (NEFR), Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Nephrology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Huguette Debaix
- Pôle de Néphrologie (NEFR), Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Francisca N'Kuli
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute (DDUV), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Delia Hoffmann
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute (DDUV), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yvette Cnops
- Pôle de Néphrologie (NEFR), Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginie Rabolli
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert van Loo
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - François Huaux
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Devuyst
- Pôle de Néphrologie (NEFR), Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre J. Courtoy
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute (DDUV), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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19
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Dupasquier S, Delmarcelle AS, Marbaix E, Cosyns JP, Courtoy PJ, Pierreux CE. Validation of housekeeping gene and impact on normalized gene expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: critical reassessment of YBX3/ZONAB/CSDA expression. BMC Mol Biol 2014; 15:9. [PMID: 24885929 PMCID: PMC4045873 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-15-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background YBX3/ZONAB/CSDA is an epithelial-specific transcription factor acting in the density-based switch between proliferation and differentiation. Our laboratory reported overexpression of YBX3 in clear cell renal cell arcinoma (ccRCC), as part of a wide study of YBX3 regulation in vitro and in vivo. The preliminary data was limited to 5 cases, of which only 3 could be compared to paired normal tissue, and beta-Actin was used as sole reference to normalize gene expression. We thus decided to re-evaluate YBX3 expression by real-time-PCR in a larger panel of ccRCC samples, and their paired healthy tissue, with special attention on experimental biases such as inter-individual variations, primer specificity, and reference gene for normalization. Results Gene expression was measured by RT-qPCR in 16 ccRCC samples, each compared to corresponding healthy tissue to minimize inter-individual variations. Eight potential housekeeping genes were evaluated for expression level and stability among the 16-paired samples. Among tested housekeeping genes, PPIA and RPS13, especially in combination, proved best suitable to normalize gene expression in ccRCC tissues as compared to classical reference genes such as beta-Actin, GAPDH, 18S or B2M. Using this pair as reference, YBX3 expression level among a collection of 16 ccRCC tumors was not significantly increased as compared to normal adjacent tissues. However, stratification according to Fuhrman grade disclosed higher YBX3 expression levels in low-grade tumors and lower in high-grade tumors. Immunoperoxidase confirmed homogeneous nuclear staining for YBX3 in low-grade but revealed nuclear heterogeneity in high-grade tumors. Conclusions This paper underlines that special attention to reference gene products in the design of real-time PCR analysis of tumoral tissue is crucial to avoid misleading conclusions. Furthermore, we found that global YBX3/ZONAB/CSDA mRNA expression level may be considered within a “signature” of RCC grading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Dupasquier
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute and Université catholique de Louvain UCL-ICP, Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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Carquin M, Pollet H, Veiga-da-Cunha M, Cominelli A, Van Der Smissen P, N'kuli F, Emonard H, Henriet P, Mizuno H, Courtoy PJ, Tyteca D. Endogenous sphingomyelin segregates into submicrometric domains in the living erythrocyte membrane. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1331-42. [PMID: 24826836 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m048538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that trace insertion of exogenous fluorescent (green BODIPY) analogs of sphingomyelin (SM) into living red blood cells (RBCs), partially spread onto coverslips, labels submicrometric domains, visible by confocal microscopy. We here extend this feature to endogenous SM, upon binding of a SM-specific nontoxic (NT) fragment of the earthworm toxin, lysenin, fused to the red monomeric fluorescent protein, mCherry [construct named His-mCherry-NT-lysenin (lysenin*)]. Specificity of lysenin* binding was verified with composition-defined liposomes and by loss of (125)I-lysenin* binding to erythrocytes upon SM depletion by SMase. The (125)I-lysenin* binding isotherm indicated saturation at 3.5 × 10(6) molecules/RBC, i.e., ∼3% of SM coverage. Nonsaturating lysenin* concentration also labeled sub-micrometric domains on the plasma membrane of partially spread erythrocytes, colocalizing with inserted green BODIPY-SM, and abrogated by SMase. Lysenin*-labeled domains were stable in time and space and were regulated by temperature and cholesterol. The abundance, size, positioning, and segregation of lysenin*-labeled domains from other lipids (BODIPY-phosphatidylcholine or -glycosphingolipids) depended on membrane tension. Similar lysenin*-labeled domains were evidenced in RBCs gently suspended in 3D-gel. Taken together, these data demonstrate submicrometric compartmentation of endogenous SM at the membrane of a living cell in vitro, and suggest it may be a genuine feature of erythrocytes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Carquin
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute and Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hélène Pollet
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute and Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Veiga-da-Cunha
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, de Duve Institute and Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antoine Cominelli
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute and Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Francisca N'kuli
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute and Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hervé Emonard
- "Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire" Unit (MEDyC), CNRS UMR 7369, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire SiRMa, 51 100 Reims, France
| | - Patrick Henriet
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute and Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hideaki Mizuno
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Pierre J Courtoy
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute and Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Donatienne Tyteca
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute and Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Cominelli A, Gaide Chevronnay HP, Lemoine P, Courtoy PJ, Marbaix E, Henriet P. Matrix metalloproteinase-27 is expressed in CD163+/CD206+ M2 macrophages in the cycling human endometrium and in superficial endometriotic lesions. Mol Hum Reprod 2014; 20:767-75. [PMID: 24810263 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key enzymes involved in extracellular matrix remodelling. In the human endometrium, the expression and activity of several MMPs are maximal during the menstrual phase. Moreover, MMPs are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and cancers, in particular with invasion and metastasis. We recently reported that MMP-27 is a unique MMP with an intracellular retention motif. We investigated the expression and cellular localization of MMP-27 in the cycling human endometrium and in endometriotic lesions. MMP-27 mRNA was detected throughout the menstrual cycle. Despite large interpatient variations, mRNA levels increased from the proliferative to the secretory phase, to peak during the menstrual phase. MMP-27 was immunolocalized in large isolated cells scattered throughout the stroma and around blood vessels: these cells were most abundant at menstruation and were identified by immunofluorescence as CD45(+), CD163(+) and CD206(+) macrophages. CD163(+) macrophages were also abundant in endometriotic lesions, but showed different patterns in ovarian or peritoneal endometriotic lesions (co-labelling for CD206 and MMP-27) and rectovaginal lesions (no co-labelling). In conclusion, MMP-27 is expressed in a subset of endometrial macrophages related to menstruation and in ovarian and peritoneal endometriotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Cominelli
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Pascale Lemoine
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre J Courtoy
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne Marbaix
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Henriet
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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22
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Demotte N, Bigirimana R, Wieërs G, Stroobant V, Squifflet JL, Carrasco J, Thielemans K, Baurain JF, Van Der Smissen P, Courtoy PJ, van der Bruggen P. A Short Treatment with Galactomannan GM-CT-01 Corrects the Functions of Freshly Isolated Human Tumor–Infiltrating Lymphocytes. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:1823-33. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-2459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Gaide Chevronnay HP, Janssens V, Van Der Smissen P, N'Kuli F, Nevo N, Guiot Y, Levtchenko E, Marbaix E, Pierreux CE, Cherqui S, Antignac C, Courtoy PJ. Time course of pathogenic and adaptation mechanisms in cystinotic mouse kidneys. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:1256-69. [PMID: 24525030 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013060598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystinosis, a main cause of Fanconi syndrome, is reproduced in congenic C57BL/6 cystinosin knockout (KO) mice. To identify the sequence of pathogenic and adaptation mechanisms of nephropathic cystinosis, we defined the onset of Fanconi syndrome in KO mice between 3 and 6 months of age and analyzed the correlation with structural and functional changes in proximal tubular cells (PTCs), with focus on endocytosis of ultrafiltrated disulfide-rich proteins as a key source of cystine. Despite considerable variation between mice at the same age, typical event sequences were delineated. At the cellular level, amorphous lysosomal inclusions preceded cystine crystals and eventual atrophy without crystals. At the nephron level, lesions started at the glomerulotubular junction and then extended distally. In situ hybridization and immunofluorescence revealed progressive loss of expression of megalin, cubilin, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, and type IIa sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter, suggesting apical dedifferentiation accounting for Fanconi syndrome before atrophy. Injection of labeled proteins revealed that defective endocytosis in S1 PTCs led to partial compensatory uptake by S3 PTCs, suggesting displacement of endocytic load and injury by disulfide-rich cargo. Increased PTC apoptosis allowed luminal shedding of cystine crystals and was partially compensated for by tubular proliferation. We conclude that lysosomal storage triggered by soluble cystine accumulation induces apical PTC dedifferentiation, which causes transfer of the harmful load of disulfide-rich proteins to more distal cells, possibly explaining longitudinal progression of swan-neck lesions. Furthermore, our results suggest that subsequent adaptation mechanisms include lysosomal clearance of free and crystalline cystine into urine and ongoing tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Virginie Janssens
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Der Smissen
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francisca N'Kuli
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Nevo
- Inserm, U574, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Yves Guiot
- Pathology Department, Saint-Luc University Clinics, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elena Levtchenko
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Etienne Marbaix
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Pathology Department, Saint-Luc University Clinics, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe E Pierreux
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Cherqui
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Corinne Antignac
- Inserm, U574, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades and Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Pierre J Courtoy
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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24
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Cominelli A, Halbout M, N'Kuli F, Lemoine P, Courtoy PJ, Marbaix E, Tyteca D, Henriet P. A unique C-terminal domain allows retention of matrix metalloproteinase-27 in the endoplasmic reticulum. Traffic 2014; 15:401-17. [PMID: 24548619 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-27 (MMP-27) is poorly characterized. Sequence comparison suggests that a C-terminal extension (CTE) includes a potential transmembrane domain as in some membrane-type (MT)-MMPs. Having noticed that MMP-27 was barely secreted, we investigated its subcellular localization and addressed CTE contribution for MMP-27 retention. Intracellular MMP-27 was sensitive to endoglycosidase H. Subcellular fractionation and confocal microscopy evidenced retention of endogenous MMP-27 or recombinant rMMP-27 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with locked exit across the intermediate compartment (ERGIC). Conversely, truncated rMMP-27 without CTE accessed downstream secretory compartments (ERGIC and Golgi) and was constitutively secreted. CTE addition to rMMP-10 (a secreted MMP) caused ER retention and blocked secretion. Addition of a PKA target sequence to the cytosolic C-terminus of transmembrane MT1-MMP/MMP-14 led to effective phosphorylation upon forskolin stimulation, but not for MMP-27, excluding transmembrane anchorage. Moreover, MMP-27 was protected from digestion by proteinase K. Finally, MT1-MMP/MMP-14 but neither endogenous nor recombinant MMP-27 partitioned in the detergent phase after Triton X-114 extraction, indicating that MMP-27 is not an integral membrane protein. In conclusion, MMP-27 is efficiently retained within the ER due to its unique CTE, which does not lead to stable membrane insertion. This could represent a novel ER retention system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Cominelli
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Box B1.75.05, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
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25
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Pierrot N, Tyteca D, D'auria L, Dewachter I, Gailly P, Hendrickx A, Tasiaux B, Haylani LE, Muls N, N'Kuli F, Laquerrière A, Demoulin JB, Campion D, Brion JP, Courtoy PJ, Kienlen-Campard P, Octave JN. Amyloid precursor protein controls cholesterol turnover needed for neuronal activity. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:608-25. [PMID: 23554170 PMCID: PMC3628100 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201202215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Perturbation of lipid metabolism favours progression of Alzheimer disease, in which processing of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) has important implications. APP cleavage is tightly regulated by cholesterol and APP fragments regulate lipid homeostasis. Here, we investigated whether up or down regulation of full-length APP expression affected neuronal lipid metabolism. Expression of APP decreased HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR)-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis and SREBP mRNA levels, while its down regulation had opposite effects. APP and SREBP1 co-immunoprecipitated and co-localized in the Golgi. This interaction prevented Site-2 protease-mediated processing of SREBP1, leading to inhibition of transcription of its target genes. A GXXXG motif in APP sequence was critical for regulation of HMGCR expression. In astrocytes, APP and SREBP1 did not interact nor did APP affect cholesterol biosynthesis. Neuronal expression of APP decreased both HMGCR and cholesterol 24-hydroxylase mRNA levels and consequently cholesterol turnover, leading to inhibition of neuronal activity, which was rescued by geranylgeraniol, generated in the mevalonate pathway, in both APP expressing and mevastatin treated neurons. We conclude that APP controls cholesterol turnover needed for neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Pierrot
- Université Catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
- Institute of NeuroscienceBrussels, Belgium
| | - Donatienne Tyteca
- Université Catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
- de Duve InstituteBrussels, Belgium
| | - Ludovic D'auria
- Université Catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
- de Duve InstituteBrussels, Belgium
| | - Ilse Dewachter
- Université Catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
- Institute of NeuroscienceBrussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Gailly
- Université Catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
- Institute of NeuroscienceBrussels, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Hendrickx
- Université Catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
- Institute of NeuroscienceBrussels, Belgium
| | - Bernadette Tasiaux
- Université Catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
- Institute of NeuroscienceBrussels, Belgium
| | - Laetitia El Haylani
- Université Catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
- Institute of NeuroscienceBrussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Muls
- Université Catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
- Institute of NeuroscienceBrussels, Belgium
| | - Francisca N'Kuli
- Université Catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
- de Duve InstituteBrussels, Belgium
| | - Annie Laquerrière
- Department of Pathology, Rouen University Hospital and ERI 28, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of RouenRouen, France
| | | | - Dominique Campion
- Faculty of Medicine, Inserm U614-IFRMPRouen, France
- Department of Research, CHSRSotteville-lès-Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Brion
- Laboratory of Histology and Neuropathology, Université libre de BruxellesBrussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre J Courtoy
- Université Catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
- de Duve InstituteBrussels, Belgium
| | - Pascal Kienlen-Campard
- Université Catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
- Institute of NeuroscienceBrussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Noël Octave
- Université Catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
- Institute of NeuroscienceBrussels, Belgium
- *Corresponding author: Tel: +32 2 764 93 41; Fax: +32 2 764 54 60; E-mail:
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Gualdrón-López M, Chevalier N, Van Der Smissen P, Courtoy PJ, Rigden DJ, Michels PAM. Ubiquitination of the glycosomal matrix protein receptor PEX5 in Trypanosoma brucei by PEX4 displays novel features. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013; 1833:3076-3092. [PMID: 23994617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosomatids contain peroxisome-like organelles called glycosomes. Peroxisomal biogenesis involves a cytosolic receptor, PEX5, which, after its insertion into the organellar membrane, delivers proteins to the matrix. In yeasts and mammalian cells, transient PEX5 monoubiquitination at the membrane serves as the signal for its retrieval from the organelle for re-use. When its recycling is impaired, PEX5 is polyubiquitinated for proteasomal degradation. Stably monoubiquitinated TbPEX5 was detected in cytosolic fractions of Trypanosoma brucei, indicative for its role as physiological intermediate in receptor recycling. This modification's resistance to dithiothreitol suggests ubiquitin conjugation of a lysine residue. T. brucei PEX4, the functional homologue of the ubiquitin-conjugating (UBC) enzyme responsible for PEX5 monoubiquitination in yeast, was identified. It is associated with the cytosolic face of the glycosomal membrane, probably anchored by an identified putative TbPEX22. The involvement of TbPEX4 in TbPEX5 ubiquitination was demonstrated using procyclic ∆PEX4 trypanosomes. Surprisingly, glycosomal matrix protein import was only mildly affected in this mutant. Since other UBC homologues were upregulated, it might be possible that these have partially rescued PEX4's function in PEX5 ubiquitination. In addition, the altered expression of UBCs, notably of candidates involved in cell-cycle control, could be responsible for observed morphological and motility defects of the ∆PEX4 mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Gualdrón-López
- Research Unit for Tropical Diseases, de Duve Institute, and Laboratory of Biochemistry, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Chevalier
- Research Unit for Tropical Diseases, de Duve Institute, and Laboratory of Biochemistry, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Der Smissen
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre J Courtoy
- Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel J Rigden
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Paul A M Michels
- Research Unit for Tropical Diseases, de Duve Institute, and Laboratory of Biochemistry, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 74, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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Boutin B, Tajeddine N, Vandersmissen P, Zanou N, Van Schoor M, Mondin L, Courtoy PJ, Tombal B, Gailly P. Androgen deprivation and androgen receptor competition by bicalutamide induce autophagy of hormone-resistant prostate cancer cells and confer resistance to apoptosis. Prostate 2013; 73:1090-102. [PMID: 23532738 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) relies on pharmacological or surgical androgen deprivation. However, it is only temporarily efficient. After a few months or years, the tumor relapses despite the absence of androgenic stimulation: a state referred to as hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPCa). Although autophagy confers chemoresistance in some cancers, its role in the development of HRPCa remains unknown. METHODS Autophagic flux was assayed by GFP-LC3 clustering, by LC3-I to LC3-II conversion and transmission electron microscopy. Cell death was detected by sub-G1 quantification and concomitant measurement of transmembrane mitochondrial potential and plasma membrane permeabilization. Inhibition of autophagy was achieved by siRNAs and pharmacological inhibitors. RESULTS Androgen deprivation or treatment with the anti-androgen bicalutamide promoted autophagy in HRPCa-derived LNCaP cells. This effect was dramatically reduced after depletion of Atg5 and Beclin-1, two canonical autophagy genes, and was associated with an inhibition of the androgen-induced mTOR pathway. The depletion of Atg5 and Beclin-1 significantly increased the level of cell death induced by androgen deprivation or bicalutamide. Finally, the safe anti-malarial drug chloroquine, an inhibitor of autophagy, dramatically increased cell death after androgen deprivation or bicalutamide treatment. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that autophagy is a protective mechanism against androgen deprivation in HRPCa cells and that chloroquine could restore hormone dependence. This set of data could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategy against HRPCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Boutin
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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28
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Carpentier S, N'Kuli F, Grieco G, Van Der Smissen P, Janssens V, Emonard H, Bilanges B, Vanhaesebroeck B, Gaide Chevronnay HP, Pierreux CE, Tyteca D, Courtoy PJ. Class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase/VPS34 and dynamin are critical for apical endocytic recycling. Traffic 2013; 14:933-48. [PMID: 23621784 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recycling is a limiting step for receptor-mediated endocytosis. We first report three in vitro or in vivo evidences that class III PI3K/VPS34 is the key PI3K isoform regulating apical recycling. A substractive approach, comparing in Opossum Kidney (OK) cells a pan-class I/II/III PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) with a class I/II PI3K inhibitor (ZSTK474), suggested that class III PI3K/VPS34 inhibition induced selective apical endosome swelling and sequestration of the endocytic receptor, megalin/LRP-2, causing surface down-regulation. GFP-(FYVE)x2 overexpression to sequester PI(3)P caused undistinguishable apical endosome swelling. In mouse kidney proximal tubular cells, conditional Vps34 inactivation also led to vacuolation and intracellular megalin redistribution. We next report that removal of LY294002 from LY294002-treated OK cells induced a spectacular burst of recycling tubules and restoration of megalin surface pool. Acute triggering of recycling tubules revealed recruitment of dynamin-GFP and dependence of dynamin-GTPase, guidance directionality by microtubules, and suggested that a microfilamentous net constrained endosomal swelling. We conclude that (i) besides its role in endosome fusion, PI3K-III is essential for endosome fission/recycling; and (ii) besides its role in endocytic entry, dynamin also supports tubulation of recycling endosomes. The unleashing of recycling upon acute reversal of PI3K inhibition may help study its dynamics and associated machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Carpentier
- CELL Unit, Université catholique de Louvain & de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
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Coudyzer P, Lemoine P, Jordan BF, Gallez B, Galant C, Nisolle M, Courtoy PJ, Henriet P, Marbaix E. Hypoxia is not required for human endometrial breakdown or repair in a xenograft model of menstruation. FASEB J 2013; 27:3711-9. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-232074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Coudyzer
- Cell Biology Unitde Duve InstituteUniversité Catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Pascale Lemoine
- Cell Biology Unitde Duve InstituteUniversité Catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Bénédicte F. Jordan
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research GroupLouvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité Catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research GroupLouvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité Catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Christine Galant
- Pathology DepartmentInstitut de Recherche Expérimentale et CliniqueUniversité Catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Michelle Nisolle
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development BiologyGroupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique AppliquéeUniversité de LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Pierre J. Courtoy
- Cell Biology Unitde Duve InstituteUniversité Catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Patrick Henriet
- Cell Biology Unitde Duve InstituteUniversité Catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Etienne Marbaix
- Cell Biology Unitde Duve InstituteUniversité Catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
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Hick AC, Delmarcelle AS, Bouquet M, Klotz S, Copetti T, Forez C, Van Der Smissen P, Sonveaux P, Collet JF, Feron O, Courtoy PJ, Pierreux CE. Reciprocal epithelial:endothelial paracrine interactions during thyroid development govern follicular organization and C-cells differentiation. Dev Biol 2013; 381:227-40. [PMID: 23707896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid is a highly vascularized endocrine gland, displaying a characteristic epithelial organization in closed spheres, called follicles. Here we investigate how endothelial cells are recruited into the developing thyroid and if they control glandular organization as well as thyrocytes and C-cells differentiation. We show that endothelial cells closely surround, and then invade the expanding thyroid epithelial cell mass to become closely associated with nascent polarized follicles. This close and sustained endothelial:epithelial interaction depends on epithelial production of the angiogenic factor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A), as its thyroid-specific genetic inactivation reduced the endothelial cell pool of the thyroid by > 90%. Vegfa KO also displayed decreased C-cells differentiation and impaired organization of the epithelial cell mass into follicles. We developed an ex vivo model of thyroid explants that faithfully mimicks bilobation of the thyroid anlagen, endothelial and C-cells invasion, folliculogenesis and differentiation. Treatment of thyroid explants at e12.5 with a VEGFR2 inhibitor ablated the endothelial pool and reproduced ex vivo folliculogenesis defects observed in conditional Vegfa KO. In the absence of any blood supply, rescue by embryonic endothelial progenitor cells restored folliculogenesis, accelerated lumen expansion and stimulated calcitonin expression by C-cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that, in developing mouse thyroid, epithelial production of VEGF-A is necessary for endothelial cells recruitment and expansion. In turn, endothelial cells control epithelial reorganization in follicles and C-cells differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Christine Hick
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Cupers P, Veithen A, Courtoy PJ. La clathrine est-elle superflue pour l'endocytose non spécifique ? Med Sci (Paris) 2013. [DOI: 10.4267/10608/2447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Marbaix E, Kokorine I, Donnez J, Courtoy PJ, Eeckhout Y. Collagénases et métalloprotéases apparentées: un rôle essentiel dans le déclenchement de la menstruation ? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4267/10608/2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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D'Auria L, Fenaux M, Aleksandrowicz P, Van Der Smissen P, Chantrain C, Vermylen C, Vikkula M, Courtoy PJ, Tyteca D. Micrometric segregation of fluorescent membrane lipids: relevance for endogenous lipids and biogenesis in erythrocytes. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1066-76. [PMID: 23322884 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m034314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Micrometric membrane lipid segregation is controversial. We addressed this issue in attached erythrocytes and found that fluorescent boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) analogs of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) [glucosylceramide (BODIPY-GlcCer) and monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1BODIPY)], sphingomyelin (BODIPY-SM), and phosphatidylcholine (BODIPY-PC inserted into the plasma membrane spontaneously gathered into distinct submicrometric domains. GM1BODIPY domains colocalized with endogenous GM1 labeled by cholera toxin. All BODIPY-lipid domains disappeared upon erythrocyte stretching, indicating control by membrane tension. Minor cholesterol depletion suppressed BODIPY-SM and BODIPY-PC but preserved BODIPY-GlcCer domains. Each type of domain exchanged constituents but assumed fixed positions, suggesting self-clustering and anchorage to spectrin. Domains showed differential association with 4.1R versus ankyrin complexes upon antibody patching. BODIPY-lipid domains also responded differentially to uncoupling at 4.1R complexes [protein kinase C (PKC) activation] and ankyrin complexes (in spherocytosis, a membrane fragility disease). These data point to micrometric compartmentation of polar BODIPY-lipids modulated by membrane tension, cholesterol, and differential association to the two nonredundant membrane:spectrin anchorage complexes. Micrometric compartmentation might play a role in erythrocyte membrane deformability and fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic D'Auria
- CELL Unit, Division of Hematology-Oncology, de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Kienlen‐Campard P, Tyteca D, Ben Khalifa N, Marinangeli C, Decock M, Collet J, Courtoy PJ, Renauld J, Constantinescu S, Octave J. O5‐01‐05: Structural features of the extracellular and juxta/transmembrane domains controlling APP dimerization, trafficking and processing. Alzheimers Dement 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.05.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Pierrot N, Tyteca D, d'Auria L, Dewachter I, Gailly P, Ris L, El Haylani L, Tasiaux B, Muls N, N'Kuli F, Courtoy PJ, Kienlen‐Campard P, Octave J. P4‐036: Amyloid precursor protein regulates neuronal cholesterol turnover needed for synaptic activity. Alzheimers Dement 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.05.1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Besouw MTP, van Pelt AMM, Gaide Chevronnay HP, Courtoy PJ, Pastore A, Goossens E, Devuyst O, Antignac C, Levtchenko EN. Studying nonobstructive azoospermia in cystinosis: histologic examination of testes and epididymis and sperm analysis in a Ctns⁻/⁻ mouse model. Fertil Steril 2012; 98:162-5. [PMID: 22578532 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the pathogenesis of male infertility in cystinosis due to nonobstructive azoospermia, using a Ctns(-/-) mouse model. DESIGN Observational case-control study. SETTING Academic research laboratory. ANIMAL(S) Male C57BL/6 Ctns(-/-) mice were compared with C57BL/6 wild-type (wt) mice. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Fertility was studied using litter size (n = 3 vs. n = 2). After animals were sacrificed, testes, epididymis, and vas deferens were removed for testicular cystine measurements (n = 5 vs. n = 6), histologic studies (n = 3 vs. n = 3), and sperm analysis (n = 3 vs. n = 3). RESULT(S) Mean testicular cystine content was significantly higher in Ctns(-/-) mice compared with wt mice (26.6 ± 1.22 vs. 0.1 ± 0.01 nmol cystine/mg protein). Testes of Ctns(-/-) mice had lower weight compared with wt mice (0.096 ± 0.009 g vs. 0.112 ± 0.004 g), but mice fertility was similar (litter size 6.6 ± 1.4 vs. 6.3 ± 2.6 pups). Neither histologic nor sperm abnormalities were found. CONCLUSION(S) The Ctns(-/-) mouse model generated on C57BL/6 background is not suitable for clarifying the pathogenesis of male infertility in cystinosis. The etiology of nonobstructive azoospermia in these patients remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine T P Besouw
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Ben Khalifa N, Tyteca D, Marinangeli C, Depuydt M, Collet JF, Courtoy PJ, Renauld JC, Constantinescu S, Octave JN, Kienlen-Campard P. Structural features of the KPI domain control APP dimerization, trafficking, and processing. FASEB J 2011; 26:855-67. [PMID: 22085646 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-190207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The two major isoforms of human APP, APP695 and APP751, differ by the presence of a Kunitz-type protease inhibitor (KPI) domain in the extracellular region. APP processing and function is thought to be regulated by homodimerization. We used bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) to study dimerization of different APP isoforms and mutants. APP751 was found to form significantly more homodimers than APP695. Mutation of dimerization motifs in the TM domain did not affect fluorescence complementation, but native folding of KPI is critical for APP751 homodimerization. APP751 and APP695 dimers were mostly localized at steady state in the Golgi region, suggesting that most of the APP751 and 695 dimers are in the secretory pathway. Mutation of the KPI led to the retention of the APP homodimers in the endoplasmic reticulum. We finally showed that APP751 is more efficiently processed through the nonamyloidogenic pathway than APP695. These findings provide new insight on the particular role of KPI domain in APP dimerization. The correlation observed between dimerization, subcellular localization, and processing suggests that dimerization acts as an efficient regulator of APP trafficking in the secretory compartments that has major consequences on its processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naouel Ben Khalifa
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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38
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Denamur S, Tyteca D, Marchand-Brynaert J, Van Bambeke F, Tulkens PM, Courtoy PJ, Mingeot-Leclercq MP. Role of oxidative stress in lysosomal membrane permeabilization and apoptosis induced by gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1656-65. [PMID: 21835240 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat severe bacterial infections, may cause acute renal failure. At therapeutic concentrations, gentamicin accumulates in lysosomes and induces apoptosis in kidney proximal tubular cells. In gentamicin-treated renal LLC-PK1 cells, acridine orange release from lysosomes, previously interpreted as lysosomal membrane permeabilization, precedes the apoptotic cascade that develops during incubation with gentamicin. However, the link between gentamicin lysosomal accumulation and apoptosis remains unclear. We here examined if reactive oxygen species (ROS) production could account for gentamicin-induced acridine orange release and apoptosis, and the implication of iron in these events. We found that gentamicin induced ROS production prior to, and at lower drug concentrations than required for, acridine orange release and apoptosis. ROS antioxidant or scavenger, catalase, and N-acetylcysteine largely prevented these events. Vital confocal imaging revealed that gentamicin-induced ROS production occurs in lysosomes. Deferoxamine, an iron chelator, which is endocytosed and accumulates in lysosomes, largely prevented gentamicin-induced ROS production as well as apoptosis. Direct evidence for gentamicin-induced permeabilization of lysosomal membrane was provided by showing the release into the cytosol of Lucifer yellow, a membrane-impermeant endocytic tracer with a comparable molecular weight as gentamicin. Altogether, our data demonstrate a key role of lysosomal iron and early ROS production in gentamicin-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Denamur
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, UCL B1.73.05, avenue E. Mounier 73, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Selvais C, D'Auria L, Tyteca D, Perrot G, Lemoine P, Troeberg L, Dedieu S, Noël A, Nagase H, Henriet P, Courtoy PJ, Marbaix E, Emonard H. Cell cholesterol modulates metalloproteinase-dependent shedding of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) and clearance function. FASEB J 2011; 25:2770-81. [PMID: 21518850 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-169508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) is a plasma membrane scavenger and signaling receptor, composed of a large ligand-binding subunit (515-kDa α-chain) linked to a shorter transmembrane subunit (85-kDa β-chain). LRP-1 cell-surface level and function are controlled by proteolytic shedding of its ectodomain. Here, we identified ectodomain sheddases in human HT1080 cells and demonstrated regulation of the cleavage by cholesterol by comparing the classical fibroblastoid type with a spontaneous epithelioid variant, enriched ∼ 2-fold in cholesterol. Two membrane-associated metalloproteinases were involved in LRP-1 shedding: a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-12 (ADAM-12) and membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). Although both variants expressed similar levels of LRP-1, ADAM-12, MT1-MMP, and specific tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2), LRP-1 shedding from epithelioid cells was ∼4-fold lower than from fibroblastoid cells. Release of the ectodomain was triggered by cholesterol depletion in epithelioid cells and impaired by cholesterol overload in fibroblastoid cells. Modulation of LRP-1 shedding on clearance was reflected by accumulation of gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in the medium. We conclude that cholesterol exerts an important control on LRP-1 levels and function at the plasma membrane by modulating shedding of its ectodomain, and therefore represents a novel regulator of extracellular proteolytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Selvais
- Cell Biology Laboratory, de Duve Institute, UCL-75.41, 75 avenue Hippocrate, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
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D′auria L, Van Der Smissen P, Bruyneel F, Courtoy PJ, Tyteca D. Segregation of fluorescent membrane lipids into distinct micrometric domains: evidence for phase compartmentation of natural lipids? PLoS One 2011; 6:e17021. [PMID: 21386970 PMCID: PMC3046177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We recently reported that sphingomyelin (SM) analogs substituted on the alkyl chain by various fluorophores (e.g. BODIPY) readily inserted at trace levels into the plasma membrane of living erythrocytes or CHO cells and spontaneously concentrated into micrometric domains. Despite sharing the same fluorescent ceramide backbone, BODIPY-SM domains segregated from similar domains labelled by BODIPY-D-e-lactosylceramide (D-e-LacCer) and depended on endogenous SM. Methodology/Principal Findings We show here that BODIPY-SM further differed from BODIPY-D-e-LacCer or -glucosylceramide (GlcCer) domains in temperature dependence, propensity to excimer formation, association with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored fluorescent protein reporter, and lateral diffusion by FRAP, thus demonstrating different lipid phases and boundaries. Whereas BODIPY-D-e-LacCer behaved like BODIPY-GlcCer, its artificial stereoisomer, BODIPY-L-t-LacCer, behaved like BODIPY- and NBD-phosphatidylcholine (PC). Surprisingly, these two PC analogs also formed micrometric patches yet preferably at low temperature, did not show excimer, never associated with the GPI reporter and showed major restriction to lateral diffusion when photobleached in large fields. This functional comparison supported a three-phase micrometric compartmentation, of decreasing order: BODIPY-GSLs > -SM > -PC (or artificial L-t-LacCer). Co-existence of three segregated compartments was further supported by double labelling experiments and was confirmed by additive occupancy, up to ∼70% cell surface coverage. Specific alterations of BODIPY-analogs domains by manipulation of corresponding endogenous sphingolipids suggested that distinct fluorescent lipid partition might reflect differential intrinsic propensity of endogenous membrane lipids to form large assemblies. Conclusions/Significance We conclude that fluorescent membrane lipids spontaneously concentrate into distinct micrometric assemblies. We hypothesize that these might reflect preexisting compartmentation of endogenous PM lipids into non-overlapping domains of differential order: GSLs > SM > PC, resulting into differential self-adhesion of the two former, with exclusion of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic D′auria
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute and Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Frédéric Bruyneel
- CHOM Unit, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pierre J. Courtoy
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute and Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Donatienne Tyteca
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute and Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Besides its location at the plasma membrane, CFTR is present in intracellular vesicles along both the exocytic and the endocytic pathways. Immunostaining and subcellular fractionation studies of mouse kidney demonstrate that CFTR is located in endosomes of the cells lining the terminal part of the proximal tubule (PT). The PT cells efficiently reabsorb the ultrafiltered low molecular weight (LMW) proteins by apical endocytosis involving the multiligand receptors megalin and cubilin. The progression from early endosomes to lysosomes depends on the integrity of the cytoskeleton, as well as on vesicular acidification. The latter is mediated by the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) and requires an anionic conductance to dissipate the transmembrane potential gradient. CFTR might ensure such chloride conductance, thereby participating to endosomal acidification and protein uptake by PT cells. Immunostaining with well-characterized antibodies shows that CFTR is located in the terminal segment of PT, where it co-distributes with megalin and cubilin. Subcellular fractionation of total mouse kidneys through Percoll gradients demonstrates the co-localization of CFTR with the V-ATPase and early endosome markers including the Cl-/H+ exchanger, ClC-5, and the small GTPase, Rab5a. Deglycosylation studies and immunoblotting show a distinct glycosylation pattern for CFTR in mouse kidney and lung. The segmental and subcellular distribution of CFTR in mouse kidney supports a role for CFTR in PT receptor-mediated endocytosis of ultrafiltered LMW proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Jouret
- Division of Nephrology, Université Catholique de Louvain Medical School, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
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Gaide Chevronnay HP, Lemoine P, Courtoy PJ, Marbaix E, Henriet P. Ovarian steroids, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and/or aspartic proteinases cooperate to control endometrial remodeling by regulating gene expression in the stroma and glands. Endocrinology 2010; 151:4515-26. [PMID: 20660070 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Explants from nonmenstrual endometria cultured in the absence of ovarian hormones undergo tissue breakdown. Addition of estradiol and progesterone (EP) prevents proteolysis. Explants include stromal and epithelial compartments which play different but complementary roles in endometrial physiology, including tissue remodeling and hormonal response. In order to characterize the cell type-specific contribution to regulation of tissue breakdown, we characterized the transcriptomes of microdissected stromal and glandular areas from endometrial explants cultured with or without EP. The datasets were also compared to other published endometrial transcriptomes. Finally, the contribution of proteolysis, hypoxia, and MAPKs to the regulation of selected genes was further investigated in explant culture. This analysis identified distinct gene expression profiles in stroma and glands, with differential response to EP, but functional clustering underlined convergence in biological processes, further indicating that endometrial remodeling requires cooperation between the two compartments through expression of cell type-specific genes. Only partial overlaps were observed between lists of genes involved in different occurrences of endometrial breakdown, pointing to a limited number of potentially crucial regulators but also to the requirement for additional mechanisms controlling tissue remodeling. We identified a group of genes differentially regulated by EP in stroma and glands among which some were sensitive to MAPKs and/or aspartic proteinases and were not induced by hypoxia. In conclusion, MAPKs and/or aspartic proteinases likely act in concert with EP to locally and specifically control differential expression of genes between degrading and preserved areas of the human endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse P Gaide Chevronnay
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Cell Biology Unit, de Duve Institute, Medical School, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Pierreux CE, Cordi S, Hick AC, Achouri Y, Ruiz de Almodovar C, Prévot PP, Courtoy PJ, Carmeliet P, Lemaigre FP. Epithelial: Endothelial cross-talk regulates exocrine differentiation in developing pancreas. Dev Biol 2010; 347:216-27. [PMID: 20807526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells are required to initiate pancreas development from the endoderm. They also control the function of endocrine islets after birth. Here we investigate in developing pancreas how the endothelial cells become organized during branching morphogenesis and how their development affects pancreatic cell differentiation. We show that endothelial cells closely surround the epithelial bud at the onset of pancreas morphogenesis. During branching morphogenesis, the endothelial cells become preferentially located near the central (trunk) epithelial cells and remain at a distance from the branch tips where acinar cells differentiate. This correlates with predominant expression of the angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in trunk cells. In vivo ablation of VEGF-A expression by pancreas-specific inactivation of floxed Vegfa alleles results in reduced endothelial development and in excessive acinar differentiation. On the contrary, acinar differentiation is repressed when endothelial cells are recruited around tip cells that overexpress VEGF-A. Treatment of embryonic day 12.5 explants with VEGF-A or with VEGF receptor antagonists confirms that acinar development is tightly controlled by endothelial cells. We also provide evidence that endothelial cells repress the expression of Ptf1a, a transcription factor essential for acinar differentiation, and stimulate the expression of Hey-1 and Hey-2, two repressors of Ptf1a activity. In explants, we provide evidence that VEGF-A signaling is required, but not sufficient, to induce endocrine differentiation. In conclusion, our data suggest that, in developing pancreas, epithelial production of VEGF-A determines the spatial organization of endothelial cells which, in turn, limit acinar differentiation of the epithelium.
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Demotte N, Wieërs G, Van Der Smissen P, Moser M, Schmidt C, Thielemans K, Squifflet JL, Weynand B, Carrasco J, Lurquin C, Courtoy PJ, van der Bruggen P. A galectin-3 ligand corrects the impaired function of human CD4 and CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and favors tumor rejection in mice. Cancer Res 2010; 70:7476-88. [PMID: 20719885 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL), in contrast with CD8(+) blood cells, show impaired IFN-γ secretion on ex vivo restimulation. We have attributed the impaired IFN-γ secretion to a decreased mobility of T-cell receptors on trapping in a lattice of glycoproteins clustered by extracellular galectin-3. Indeed, we have previously shown that treatment with N-acetyllactosamine, a galectin ligand, restored this secretion. We strengthened this hypothesis here by showing that CD8(+) TIL treated with an anti-galectin-3 antibody had an increased IFN-γ secretion. Moreover, we found that GCS-100, a polysaccharide in clinical development, detached galectin-3 from TIL and boosted cytotoxicity and secretion of different cytokines. Importantly, we observed that not only CD8(+) TIL but also CD4(+) TIL treated with GCS-100 secreted more IFN-γ on ex vivo restimulation. In tumor-bearing mice vaccinated with a tumor antigen, injections of GCS-100 led to tumor rejection in half of the mice, whereas all control mice died. In nonvaccinated mice, GCS-100 had no effect by itself. These results suggest that a combination of galectin-3 ligands and therapeutic vaccination may induce more tumor regressions in cancer patients than vaccination alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Demotte
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Université Catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
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Miranda L, Carpentier S, Platek A, Hussain N, Gueuning MA, Vertommen D, Ozkan Y, Sid B, Hue L, Courtoy PJ, Rider MH, Horman S. AMP-activated protein kinase induces actin cytoskeleton reorganization in epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 396:656-61. [PMID: 20438708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.04.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a known regulator of cellular and systemic energy balance, is now recognized to control cell division, cell polarity and cell migration, all of which depend on the actin cytoskeleton. Here we report the effects of A769662, a pharmacological activator of AMPK, on cytoskeletal organization and signalling in epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. We show that AMPK activation induced shortening or radiation of stress fibers, uncoupling from paxillin and predominance of cortical F-actin. In parallel, Rho-kinase downstream targets, namely myosin regulatory light chain and cofilin, were phosphorylated. These effects resembled the morphological changes in MDCK cells exposed to hyperosmotic shock, which led to Ca(2+)-dependent AMPK activation via calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-beta(CaMKKbeta), a known upstream kinase of AMPK. Indeed, hypertonicity-induced AMPK activation was markedly reduced by the STO-609 CaMKKbeta inhibitor, as was the increase in MLC and cofilin phosphorylation. We suggest that AMPK links osmotic stress to the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Miranda
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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Veiga-da-Cunha M, Tyteca D, Stroobant V, Courtoy PJ, Opperdoes FR, Van Schaftingen E. Molecular identification of NAT8 as the enzyme that acetylates cysteine S-conjugates to mercapturic acids. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:18888-98. [PMID: 20392701 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.110924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Our goal was to identify the reaction catalyzed by NAT8 (N-acetyltransferase 8), a putative N-acetyltransferase homologous to the enzyme (NAT8L) that produces N-acetylaspartate in brain. The almost exclusive expression of NAT8 in kidney and liver and its predicted association with the endoplasmic reticulum suggested that it was cysteinyl-S-conjugate N-acetyltransferase, the microsomal enzyme that catalyzes the last step of mercapturic acid formation. In agreement, HEK293T extracts of cells overexpressing NAT8 catalyzed the N-acetylation of S-benzyl-L-cysteine and leukotriene E(4), two cysteine conjugates, but were inactive on other physiological amines or amino acids. Confocal microscopy indicated that NAT8 was associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. Neither of the two frequent single nucleotide polymorphisms found in NAT8, E104K nor F143S, changed the enzymatic activity or the expression of the protein by >or=2-fold, whereas a mutation (R149K) replacing an extremely conserved arginine suppressed the activity. Sequencing of genomic DNA and EST clones corresponding to the NAT8B gene, which resulted from duplication of the NAT8 gene in the primate lineage, disclosed the systematic presence of a premature stop codon at codon 16. Furthermore, truncated NAT8B and NAT8 proteins starting from the following methionine (Met-25) showed no cysteinyl-S-conjugate N-acetyltransferase activity when transfected in HEK293T cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that NAT8 is involved in mercapturic acid formation and confirm that NAT8B is an inactive gene in humans. NAT8 homologues are found in all vertebrate genomes, where they are often encoded by multiple, tandemly repeated genes as many other genes encoding xenobiotic metabolism enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Veiga-da-Cunha
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, de Duve Institute and Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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Lima WR, Parreira KS, Devuyst O, Caplanusi A, N'kuli F, Marien B, Van Der Smissen P, Alves PMS, Verroust P, Christensen EI, Terzi F, Matter K, Balda MS, Pierreux CE, Courtoy PJ. ZONAB promotes proliferation and represses differentiation of proximal tubule epithelial cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 21:478-88. [PMID: 20133480 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2009070698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial polarization modulates gene expression. The transcription factor zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1)-associated nucleic acid binding protein (ZONAB) can shuttle between tight junctions and nuclei, promoting cell proliferation and expression of cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), but whether it also represses epithelial differentiation is unknown. Here, during mouse kidney ontogeny and polarization of proximal tubular cells (OK cells), ZONAB and PCNA levels decreased in parallel and inversely correlated with increasing apical differentiation, reflected by expression of megalin/cubilin, maturation of the brush border, and extension of the primary cilium. Conversely, ZONAB reexpression and loss of apical differentiation markers provided a signature for renal clear cell carcinoma. In confluent OK cells, ZONAB overexpression increased proliferation and PCNA while repressing megalin/cubilin expression and impairing differentiation of the brush border and primary cilium. Reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that megalin and cubilin are ZONAB target genes. Sparsely plated OK cells formed small islands composed of distinct populations: Cells on the periphery, which lacked external tight junctions, strongly expressed nuclear ZONAB, proliferated, and failed to differentiate; central cells, surrounded by continuous junctions, lost nuclear ZONAB, stopped proliferating, and engaged in apical differentiation. Taken together, these data suggest that ZONAB is an important component of the mechanisms that sense epithelial density and participates in the complex transcriptional networks that regulate the switch between proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wânia R Lima
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute and Université, catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Jouret F, Walrand S, Parreira KS, Courtoy PJ, Pauwels S, Devuyst O, Jamar F. Single photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT) for functional investigation of the proximal tubule in conscious mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010; 298:F454-60. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00413.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive analysis of renal function in conscious mice is necessary to optimize the use of mouse models. In this study, we evaluated whether single photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT) using specific radionuclear tracers can be used to analyze changes in renal proximal tubule functions. The tracers included 99mTC- dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA), which is used for cortex imaging; 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (99mTc-MAG3), used for dynamic renography; and 123I-β2-microglobulin, which monitors receptor-mediated endocytosis. 99mTc-DMSA SPECT imaging was shown to delineate the functional renal cortex with a ∼1-mm spatial resolution and accumulated in the cortex reaching a plateau 5 h after injection. The cortical uptake of 99mTc-DMSA was abolished in Clcn5 knockout mice, a model of proximal tubule dysfunction. Dynamic renography with 99mTc-MAG3 in conscious mice demonstrated rapid extraction from blood, renal accumulation, and subsequent tubular secretion. Anesthesia induced a significant delay in the 99mTc-MAG3 clearance. The tubular reabsorption of 123I-β2-microglobulin was strongly impaired in the Clcn5 knockout mice, with defective tubular processing and loss of the native tracer in urine, reflecting proximal tubule dysfunction. Longitudinal studies in a model of cisplatin-induced acute tubular injury revealed a correlation between tubular recovery and 123I-β2-microglobulin uptake. These data show that SPECT imaging with well-validated radiotracers allows in vivo investigations of specific proximal tubule functions in conscious mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphan Walrand
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Experimental Radiotherapy, and
| | | | - Pierre J. Courtoy
- de Duve Institute, CELL Unit, Université catholique de Louvain Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - François Jamar
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Experimental Radiotherapy, and
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Hick AC, van Eyll JM, Cordi S, Forez C, Passante L, Kohara H, Nagasawa T, Vanderhaeghen P, Courtoy PJ, Rousseau GG, Lemaigre FP, Pierreux CE. Mechanism of primitive duct formation in the pancreas and submandibular glands: a role for SDF-1. BMC Dev Biol 2009; 9:66. [PMID: 20003423 PMCID: PMC2801489 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-9-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The exocrine pancreas is composed of a branched network of ducts connected to acini. They are lined by a monolayered epithelium that derives from the endoderm and is surrounded by mesoderm-derived mesenchyme. The morphogenic mechanisms by which the ductal network is established as well as the signaling pathways involved in this process are poorly understood. Results By morphological analyzis of wild-type and mutant mouse embryos and using cultured embryonic explants we investigated how epithelial morphogenesis takes place and is regulated by chemokine signaling. Pancreas ontogenesis displayed a sequence of two opposite epithelial transitions. During the first transition, the monolayered and polarized endodermal cells give rise to tissue buds composed of a mass of non polarized epithelial cells. During the second transition the buds reorganize into branched and polarized epithelial monolayers that further differentiate into tubulo-acinar glands. We found that the second epithelial transition is controlled by the chemokine Stromal cell-Derived Factor (SDF)-1. The latter is expressed by the mesenchyme, whereas its receptor CXCR4 is expressed by the epithelium. Reorganization of cultured pancreatic buds into monolayered epithelia was blocked in the presence of AMD3100, a SDF-1 antagonist. Analyzis of sdf1 and cxcr4 knockout embryos at the stage of the second epithelial transition revealed transient defective morphogenesis of the ventral and dorsal pancreas. Reorganization of a globular mass of epithelial cells in polarized monolayers is also observed during submandibular glands development. We found that SDF-1 and CXCR4 are expressed in this organ and that AMD3100 treatment of submandibular gland explants blocks its branching morphogenesis. Conclusion In conclusion, our data show that the primitive pancreatic ductal network, which is lined by a monolayered and polarized epithelium, forms by remodeling of a globular mass of non polarized epithelial cells. Our data also suggest that SDF-1 controls the branching morphogenesis of several exocrine tissues.
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Reed AAC, Loh NY, Terryn S, Lippiat JD, Partridge C, Galvanovskis J, Williams SE, Jouret F, Wu FTF, Courtoy PJ, Nesbit MA, Rorsman P, Devuyst O, Ashcroft FM, Thakker RV. CLC-5 and KIF3B interact to facilitate CLC-5 plasma membrane expression, endocytosis, and microtubular transport: relevance to pathophysiology of Dent's disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 298:F365-80. [PMID: 19940036 PMCID: PMC2822520 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00038.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular reabsorption is important for extracellular fluid homeostasis and much of this occurs via the receptor-mediated endocytic pathway. This pathway is disrupted in Dent’s disease, an X-linked renal tubular disorder that is characterized by low-molecular-weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria, nephrolithiasis, and renal failure. Dent's disease is due to mutations of CLC-5, a chloride/proton antiporter, expressed in endosomes and apical membranes of renal tubules. Loss of CLC-5 function alters receptor-mediated endocytosis and trafficking of megalin and cubilin, although the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that CLC-5 interacts with kinesin family member 3B (KIF3B), a heterotrimeric motor protein that facilitates fast anterograde translocation of membranous organelles. Using yeast two-hybrid, glutathione-S-transferase pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation assays, the COOH terminus of CLC-5 and the coiled-coil and globular domains of KIF3B were shown to interact. This was confirmed in vivo by endogenous coimmunoprecipitation of CLC-5 and KIF3B and codistribution with endosomal markers in mouse kidney fractions. Confocal live cell imaging in kidney cells further demonstrated association of CLC-5 and KIF3B, and transport of CLC-5-containing vesicles along KIF3B microtubules. KIF3B overexpression and underexpression, using siRNA, had reciprocal effects on whole cell chloride current amplitudes, CLC-5 cell surface expression, and endocytosis of albumin and transferrin. Clcn5Y/− mouse kidneys and isolated proximal tubular polarized cells showed increased KIF3B expression, whose effects on albumin endocytosis were dependent on CLC-5 expression. Thus, the CLC-5 and KIF3B interaction is important for CLC-5 plasma membrane expression and for facilitating endocytosis and microtubular transport in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita A C Reed
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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