1
|
Zhang N, Huang D, Li X, Yan J, Yan Q, Ge W, Zhou J. Identification and validation of oxidative stress-related genes in sepsis-induced myopathy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37933. [PMID: 38701300 PMCID: PMC11062695 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-induced myopathy (SIM) a complication of sepsis that results in prolonged mechanical ventilation, long-term functional disability, and increased patient mortality. This study was performed to identify potential key oxidative stress-related genes (OS-genes) as biomarkers for the diagnosis of SIM using bioinformatics. METHODS The GSE13205 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including 13 SIM samples and 8 healthy samples, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by limma package in R language. Simultaneously, we searched for the genes related to oxidative stress in the Gene Ontology (GO) database. The intersection of the genes selected from the GO database and the genes from the GSE13205 was considered as OS-genes of SIM, where the differential genes were regarded as OS-DEGs. OS-DEGs were analyzed using GO enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Hub genes in OS-DEGs were selected based on degree, and diagnostic genes were further screened by gene expression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Finally, a miRNA-gene network of diagnostic genes was constructed. RESULTS A total of 1089 DEGs were screened from the GSE13205, and 453 OS-genes were identified from the GO database. The overlapping DEGs and OS-genes constituted 25 OS-DEGs, including 15 significantly upregulated and 10 significantly downregulated genes. The top 10 hub genes, including CD36, GPX3, NQO1, GSR, TP53, IDH1, BCL2, HMOX1, JAK2, and FOXO1, were screened. Furthermore, 5 diagnostic genes were identified: CD36, GPX3, NQO1, GSR, and TP53. The ROC analysis showed that the respective area under the curves (AUCs) of CD36, GPX3, NQO1, GSR, and TP53 were 0.990, 0.981, 0.971, 0.971, and 0.971, which meant these genes had very high diagnostic values of SIM. Finally, based on these 5 diagnostic genes, we found that miR-124-3p and miR-16-5p may be potential targets for the treatment of SIM. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that OS-genes might play an important role in SIM. CD36, GPX3, NQO1, GSR, and TP53 have potential as specific biomarkers for the diagnosis of SIM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Intensive Care Unit, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - JinXia Yan
- Intensive Care Unit, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - WeiXing Ge
- Intensive Care Unit, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Intensive Care Unit, the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng Q, Ruan X, Lu M, Bu S, Zhang Y. Metformin protects retinal pigment epithelium cells against H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress and inflammation via the Nrf2 signaling cascade. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:1519-1530. [PMID: 38059999 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dysfunctions of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) attributed to oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). A debate on the curative role of metformin in AMD has been raised, though several recent clinical studies support the lower odds by using metformin. This study aimed to determine whether metformin could exert cytoprotection against RPE oxidative damages and the potential mechanisms. METHODS A cellular AMD model was established by treating ARPE-19 cells with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 24 h. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, expression of antioxidant enzymes, and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were monitored under administrations with H2O2 with/without metformin. The expression and DNA-binding activity of transcription factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were determined by western blot, immunofluorescence, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Knockout of Nrf2 was conducted by CRISPR/Cas9 gene deletion system. RESULTS Metformin pretreatment significantly improved the H2O2-induced low viability of ARPE-19 cells, reduced ROS production, and increased contents of antioxidative molecules. Concurrently, metformin also suppressed levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines caused by H2O2. The metformin-augmented nuclear translocation and DNA-binding activity of Nrf2 were further verified by the increased expression of its downstream targets. Genetic deletion of Nrf2 blocked the cytoprotective role of metformin. CONCLUSION Metformin possesses antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties in ARPE-19 cells by activating the Nrf2 signaling. It supports the potential use for the control and prevention of AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiting Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangcai Ruan
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Lu
- Sanshui Huaxia Eye Hospital, Huaxia Eye Hospital Group, Foshan, China
| | - Shimiao Bu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuehong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stanton C, Buasakdi C, Sun J, Levitan I, Bora P, Kutseikin S, Wiseman RL, Bollong MJ. The Glycolytic Metabolite Methylglyoxal Covalently Inactivates the NLRP3 Inflammasome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.19.589802. [PMID: 38659753 PMCID: PMC11042358 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.19.589802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome promotes inflammation in disease, yet the full repertoire of mechanisms regulating its activity are not well delineated. Among established regulatory mechanisms, covalent modification of NLRP3 has emerged as a common route for pharmacological inactivation of this protein. Here, we show that inhibition of the glycolytic enzyme PGK1 results in the accumulation of methylglyoxal, a reactive metabolite whose increased levels decrease NLRP3 assembly and inflammatory signaling in cells. We find that methylglyoxal inactivates NLRP3 via a non-enzymatic, covalent crosslinking-based mechanism, promoting inter- and intra-protein MICA posttranslational linkages within NLRP3. This work establishes NLRP3 as capable of sensing a host of electrophilic chemicals, both exogenous small molecules and endogenous reactive metabolites, and suggests a mechanism by which glycolytic flux can moderate the activation status of a central inflammatory signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Stanton
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Chavin Buasakdi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ian Levitan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Prerona Bora
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sergei Kutseikin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - R. Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael J. Bollong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang WC, Liou CJ, Shen SC, Hu S, Chao JCJ, Huang CH, Wu SJ. Punicalagin from pomegranate ameliorates TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced inflammatory responses in HaCaT cells via regulation of SIRT1/STAT3 axis and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111665. [PMID: 38367463 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Punicalagin (PUN) was isolated from the peel of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), is a polyphenol with anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant activities. However, it remains unclear whether PUN alleviates the inflammation and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in pro-inflammatory cytokines-induced human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Here, we investigated that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) mixture-stimulated HaCaT cells were treated with various concentrations of PUN, followed by analyzed the expression of inflammation-related mediators and evaluate anti-inflammatory-related pathways. Our results demonstrated that PUN ≤ 100 μM did not reduce HaCaT cell viability, and PUN ≥ 3 μM was sufficient to decrease interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), CCL17 and CCL20 concentrations. We found that PUN ≥ 10 μM and ≥ 3 μM significantly increased sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression and inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation, respectively. PUN downregulated inflammation-related proteins cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), enhanced nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Moreover, PUN decreased intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and inhibited monocyte adhesion to inflamed HaCaT cells. PUN also suppressed inflammatory-related pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways in TNF-α/IFN-γ- stimulated HaCat cells. Collectively, there is significant evidence that PUN has effective protective defenses against TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced skin inflammation by enhancing SIRT1 to mediate STAT3 and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chian-Jiun Liou
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Szu-Chuan Shen
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ting-Chow Rd, Sec 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sindy Hu
- Department of Cosmetic Science, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Dermatology, Aesthetic Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jane C-J Chao
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Hsun Huang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Dermatology, Aesthetic Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Ju Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Aesthetic Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Włodarczyk J, Krajewska J, Talar M, Szeleszczuk Ł, Gurba A, Lipiec S, Taciak P, Szczepaniak R, Młynarczuk-Biały I, Fichna J. New gold(III) complexes TGS 121, 404, and 702 show anti-tumor activity in colitis-induced colorectal cancer: an in vitro and in vivo study. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:127-139. [PMID: 38082190 PMCID: PMC10830623 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation in the course of inflammatory bowel disease may result in colon cancer, or colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CACRC). It is well established that CACRC is associated with oxidative stress and secretion of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines, e.g. tumor necrosis factor-α. Recently, we proved that the administration of gold(III) complexes resulted in the alleviation of acute colitis in mice. The aim of the current study was to assess the antitumor effect of a novel series of gold(III) complexes: TGS 121, 404, 512, 701, 702, and 703. MATERIALS Analyzed gold(III) complexes were screened in the in vitro studies using colorectal cancer and normal colon epithelium cell lines, SW480, HT-29, and CCD 841 CoN, and in vivo, in the CACRC mouse model. RESULTS Of all tested complexes, TGS 121, 404, and 702 exhibited the strongest anti-tumor effect in in vitro viability assay of colon cancer cell lines and in in vivo CACRC model, in which these complexes decreased the total number of colonic tumors and macroscopic score. We also evidenced that the mechanism of action was linked to the enzymatic antioxidant system and inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS TGS 121, 404, and 702 present anti-tumor potential and are an attractive therapeutic option for colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Włodarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Chair of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Pomorska 251, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Julia Krajewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Chair of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Talar
- Department of Biochemistry, Chair of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szeleszczuk
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Gurba
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Lipiec
- HESA at the Department for Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Taciak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Izabela Młynarczuk-Biały
- Department for Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Chair of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fang G, Li X, Yang F, Huang T, Qiu C, Peng K, Yang Y, Lan C. Galangin attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway to suppress oxidative stress and inflammation. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5854-5870. [PMID: 37655750 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) has aroused contradiction between its potent anti-tumor capacity and severe cardiotoxicity. Galangin (Gal) possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. We aimed to explore the role and underlying mechanisms of Gal on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with DOX (3 mg/kg, every 2 days for 2 weeks) to generate cardiotoxicity model and Gal (15 mg/kg, 2 weeks) was co-administered via gavage daily. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) specific inhibitor, ML385, was employed to explore the underlying mechanisms. Compared to DOX-insulted mice, Gal effectively improved cardiac dysfunction and ameliorated myocardial damage. DOX-induced increase of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and NADPH oxidase activity and downregulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were blunted by Gal. Gal also markedly blocked increase of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in DOX-insulted heart. Mechanistically, Gal reversed DOX-induced downregulation of Nrf2, HO-1, and promoted nuclear translocation of Nrf2. ML385 markedly blunted the cardioprotective effects of Gal, as well as inhibitive effects on oxidative stress and inflammation. Gal ameliorates DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation via activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Gal may serve as a promising cardioprotective agent for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Fang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuchuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, People's Hospital of Luotian County, Huanggang, China
| | - Chenming Qiu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cong Lan
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Luo C, Hou C, Yang D, Tan T, Chao C. Urolithin C alleviates pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in type 1 diabetes by activating Nrf2 signaling. Nutr Diabetes 2023; 13:24. [PMID: 38040681 PMCID: PMC10692094 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-023-00253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder that destroys insulin-generating pancreatic β-cells. Preserving pancreatic β-cell function is important for treating T1D. Our study aims to explore the mechanism underlying urolithin C (UC)-mediated regulation of β-cell function. METHODS Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were administrated with UC to evaluate UC-mediated protection of T1D. The inflammation of the pancreas islets was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assay and oral glucose tolerance test were applied to evaluate the progression of T1D. MIN6 cells were treated with TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ in the presence of UC. Cell viability was analyzed by CCK-8. Cell apoptosis, proliferation and DNA fragmentation were examined by Annexin V-FITC and PI staining, EdU incorporation and comet assays. Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 were examined by western blot. Immunofluorescence staining was applied to detect Nrf2 and insulin. RESULTS UC administration significantly reduced diabetes incidence, attenuated insulitis, elevated insulin levels and GSIS and reduced blood glucose and AUC in NOD mice. Cytokine treatment suppressed MIN6 cell viability and proliferation but enhanced apoptosis and DNA damage, and these detrimental effects were relieved by UC treatment. Furthermore, UC administration inhibited Keap1 expression and promoted the expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 in NOD mice. Nrf2 signaling has been reported to be implicated in preventing the onset of diabetes, and HO-1 and NQO1 are phase II antioxidant enzymes that are regulated by Nrf2 signaling. Cytokine treatment upregulated Keap1 and downregulated Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 in MIN6 cells, but it was reversed by UC. The nuclear translocation of Nrf2 was prevented by cytokine treatment, but UC promoted its nuclear translocation. UC-mediated upregulation of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1, decreased cell apoptosis and increased proliferation and insulin secretion were abolished by silencing of Nrf2. CONCLUSION UC improves pancreatic β-cell function by activating Nrf2 signaling, thereby alleviating T1D progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Can Hou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Danyi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, PR China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Tingting Tan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Chen Chao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Al Jadani JM, Albadr NA, Alshammari GM, Almasri SA, Alfayez FF, Yahya MA. Esculeogenin A, a Glycan from Tomato, Alleviates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats through Hypolipidemic, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Nutrients 2023; 15:4755. [PMID: 38004149 PMCID: PMC10675668 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the preventative effects of esculeogenin A (ESGA), a newly discovered glycan from tomato, on liver damage and hepatic steatosis in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed male rats. The animals were divided into six groups (each of eight rats): a control group fed a normal diet, control + ESGA (200 mg/kg), HFD, and HFD + ESAG in 3 doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg). Feeding and treatments were conducted for 12 weeks. Treatment with ESGA did not affect gains in the body or fat weight nor increases in fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR or serum levels of free fatty acids (FFAs), tumor-necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 (IL-6). On the contrary, it significantly reduced the serum levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol (CHOL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) in the HFD-fed rats. In addition, it improved the liver structure, attenuating the increase in fat vacuoles; reduced levels of TGs and CHOL, and the mRNA levels of SREBP1 and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC); and upregulated the mRNA levels of proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) in HFD-fed rats. These effects were concomitant with increases in the mRNA, cytoplasmic, and nuclear levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO); a reduction in the nuclear activity of nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB); and inhibition of the activity of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta (IKKβ). All of these effects were dose-dependent effects in which a normal liver structure and normal levels of all measured parameters were seen in HFD + ESGA (200 mg/kg)-treated rats. In conclusion, ESGA prevents NAFLD in HFD-fed rats by attenuating hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation by acting locally on Nrf2, NF-κB, SREBP1, and PPARα transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jwharah M. Al Jadani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.M.A.J.); (G.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Nawal A. Albadr
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.M.A.J.); (G.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.M.A.J.); (G.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Soheir A. Almasri
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.M.A.J.); (G.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Farah Fayez Alfayez
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.M.A.J.); (G.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mattioli R, Ilari A, Colotti B, Mosca L, Fazi F, Colotti G. Doxorubicin and other anthracyclines in cancers: Activity, chemoresistance and its overcoming. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 93:101205. [PMID: 37515939 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Anthracyclines have been important and effective treatments against a number of cancers since their discovery. However, their use in therapy has been complicated by severe side effects and toxicity that occur during or after treatment, including cardiotoxicity. The mode of action of anthracyclines is complex, with several mechanisms proposed. It is possible that their high toxicity is due to the large set of processes involved in anthracycline action. The development of resistance is a major barrier to successful treatment when using anthracyclines. This resistance is based on a series of mechanisms that have been studied and addressed in recent years. This work provides an overview of the anthracyclines used in cancer therapy. It discusses their mechanisms of activity, toxicity, and chemoresistance, as well as the approaches used to improve their activity, decrease their toxicity, and overcome resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mattioli
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council IBPM-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Colotti
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council IBPM-CNR, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Singh S, Maurya AK. Junction of the redox dynamic, orchestra of signaling, and altered metabolism in regulation of T- cell lymphoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1108729. [PMID: 37274286 PMCID: PMC10235457 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1108729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell lymphoma is a hematologic neoplasm derived from the lymphoid lineage. It belongs to a diverse group of malignant disorders, mostly affecting the young population worldwide, that vary with respect to molecular features as well as genetic and clinical complexities. Cancer cells rewire the cellular metabolism, persuading it to meet new demands of growth and proliferation. Furthermore, the metabolic alterations and heterogeneity are aberrantly driven in cancer by a combination of genetic and non-genetic factors, including the tumor microenvironment. New insight into cancer metabolism highlights the importance of nutrient supply to tumor development and therapeutic responses. Importantly, oxidative stress due to an imbalance in the redox status of reactive species via exogenous and/or endogenous factors is closely related to multiple aspects of cancer. This alters the signaling pathways governed through the multiple intracellular signal transduction and transcription factors, leading to tumor progression. These oncogenic signaling molecules are regulated through different redox sensors, including nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), phase-II antioxidant enzyme, and NQO1 (NADPH quinone oxidoreductase (1). The existing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of T-cell lymphoma regulation through the cross-talk of redox sensors under the influence of metabolic vulnerability is not well explored. This review highlights the role of the redox dynamics, orchestra of signaling, and genetic regulation involved in T-cell lymphoma progression in addition to the challenges to their etiology, treatment, and clinical response in light of recent updates.
Collapse
|
11
|
Nrf2 and Oxidative Stress: A General Overview of Mechanisms and Implications in Human Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122345. [PMID: 36552553 PMCID: PMC9774434 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms are continually exposed to exogenous and endogenous sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other oxidants that have both beneficial and deleterious effects on the cell. ROS have important roles in a wide range of physiological processes; however, high ROS levels are associated with oxidative stress and disease progression. Oxidative stress has been implicated in nearly all major human diseases, from neurogenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Antioxidant defence systems have evolved as a means of protection against oxidative stress, with the transcription factor Nrf2 as the key regulator. Nrf2 is responsible for regulating an extensive panel of antioxidant enzymes involved in the detoxification and elimination of oxidative stress and has been extensively studied in the disease contexts. This review aims to provide the reader with a general overview of oxidative stress and Nrf2, including basic mechanisms of Nrf2 activation and regulation, and implications in various major human diseases.
Collapse
|
12
|
Sunilkumar S, Toro AL, McCurry CM, VanCleave AM, Stevens SA, Miller WP, Kimball SR, Dennis MD. Stress response protein REDD1 promotes diabetes-induced retinal inflammation by sustaining canonical NF-κB signaling. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102638. [PMID: 36309088 PMCID: PMC9694114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation contributes to the progression of retinal pathology caused by diabetes. Here, we investigated a role for the stress response protein regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) in the development of retinal inflammation. Increased REDD1 expression was observed in the retina of mice after 16-weeks of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes, and REDD1 was essential for diabetes-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. In human retinal MIO-M1 Müller cell cultures, REDD1 deletion prevented increased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in response to hyperglycemic conditions. REDD1 deletion promoted nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) hyperactivation; however, Nrf2 was not required for reduced inflammatory cytokine expression in REDD1-deficient cells. Rather, REDD1 enhanced inflammatory cytokine expression by promoting activation of nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB). In WT cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), inflammatory cytokine expression was increased in coordination with activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-dependent REDD1 expression and sustained activation of NF-κB. In both Müller cell cultures exposed to TNFα and in the retina of STZ-diabetic mice, REDD1 deletion promoted inhibitor of κB (IκB) expression and reduced NF-κB DNA-binding activity. We found that REDD1 acted upstream of IκB by enhancing both K63-ubiquitination and auto-phosphorylation of IκB kinase complex. In contrast with STZ-diabetic REDD1+/+ mice, IκB kinase complex autophosphorylation and macrophage infiltration were not observed in the retina of STZ-diabetic REDD1-/- mice. The findings provide new insight into how diabetes promotes retinal inflammation and support a model wherein REDD1 sustains activation of canonical NF-κB signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Sunilkumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allyson L. Toro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher M. McCurry
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashley M. VanCleave
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shaunaci A. Stevens
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William P. Miller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scot R. Kimball
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael D. Dennis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA,For correspondence: Michael D. Dennis
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Exopolysaccharides of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Amy-1 Mitigate Inflammation by Inhibiting ERK1/2 and NF-κB Pathways and Activating p38/Nrf2 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810237. [PMID: 36142159 PMCID: PMC9499622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a probiotic for animals. Evidence suggests that diets supplemented with B. amyloliquefaciens can reduce inflammation; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear and requires further exploration. The exopolysaccharides of B. amyloliquefaciens amy-1 displayed hypoglycemic activity previously, suggesting that they are bioactive molecules. In addition, they counteracted the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on inducing cellular insulin resistance in exploratory tests. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory effect and molecular mechanisms of the exopolysaccharide preparation of amy-1 (EPS). Consequently, EPS reduced the expression of proinflammatory factors, the phagocytic activity and oxidative stress of LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. In animal tests, EPS effectively ameliorated ear inflammation of mice. These data suggested that EPS possess anti-inflammatory activity. A mechanism study revealed that EPS inhibited the nuclear factor-κB pathway, activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38, and prohibited the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, but had no effect on the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK). EPS also activated the anti-oxidative nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Evidence suggested that p38, but not JNK, was involved in activating the Nrf2 pathway. Together, these mechanisms reduced the severity of inflammation. These findings support the proposal that exopolysaccharides may play important roles in the anti-inflammatory functions of probiotics.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bathish B, Robertson H, Dillon JF, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Hayes JD. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and mechanisms by which it is ameliorated by activation of the CNC-bZIP transcription factor Nrf2. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:221-261. [PMID: 35728768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents a global health concern. It is characterised by fatty liver, hepatocyte cell death and inflammation, which are associated with lipotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron overload and oxidative stress. NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that combats oxidative stress. Remarkably, Nrf2 is downregulated during the development of NASH, which probably accelerates disease, whereas in pre-clinical studies the upregulation of Nrf2 inhibits NASH. We now review the scientific literature that proposes Nrf2 downregulation during NASH involves its increased ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation, mediated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and/or β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) and/or HMG-CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (Hrd1, also called synoviolin (SYVN1)). Additionally, downregulation of Nrf2-mediated transcription during NASH may involve diminished recruitment of coactivators by Nrf2, due to increased levels of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) p65, or competition for promoter binding due to upregulation of BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1). Many processes that downregulate Nrf2 are triggered by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), with oxidative stress amplifying its signalling. Oxidative stress may also increase suppression of Nrf2 by β-TrCP through facilitating formation of the DSGIS-containing phosphodegron in Nrf2 by glycogen synthase kinase-3. In animal models, knockout of Nrf2 increases susceptibility to NASH, while pharmacological activation of Nrf2 by inducing agents that target Keap1 inhibits development of NASH. These inducing agents probably counter Nrf2 downregulation affected by β-TrCP, Hrd1/SYVN1, ATF3, NF-κB p65 and Bach1, by suppressing oxidative stress. Activation of Nrf2 is also likely to inhibit NASH by ameliorating lipotoxicity, inflammation, ER stress and iron overload. Crucially, pharmacological activation of Nrf2 in mice in which NASH has already been established supresses liver steatosis and inflammation. There is therefore compelling evidence that pharmacological activation of Nrf2 provides a comprehensive multipronged strategy to treat NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boushra Bathish
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Holly Robertson
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - John F Dillon
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - John D Hayes
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Khodakarami A, Adibfar S, Karpisheh V, Abolhasani S, Jalali P, Mohammadi H, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Jadidi-Niaragh F. The molecular biology and therapeutic potential of Nrf2 in leukemia. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:241. [PMID: 35906617 PMCID: PMC9336077 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor has contradictory roles in cancer, which can act as a tumor suppressor or a proto-oncogene in different cell conditions (depending on the cell type and the conditions of the cell environment). Nrf2 pathway regulates several cellular processes, including signaling, energy metabolism, autophagy, inflammation, redox homeostasis, and antioxidant regulation. As a result, it plays a crucial role in cell survival. Conversely, Nrf2 protects cancerous cells from apoptosis and increases proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. It promotes resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in various solid tumors and hematological malignancies, so we want to elucidate the role of Nrf2 in cancer and the positive point of its targeting. Also, in the past few years, many studies have shown that Nrf2 protects cancer cells, especially leukemic cells, from the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. The present paper summarizes these studies to scrutinize whether targeting Nrf2 combined with chemotherapy would be a therapeutic approach for leukemia treatment. Also, we discussed how Nrf2 and NF-κB work together to control the cellular redox pathway. The role of these two factors in inflammation (antagonistic) and leukemia (synergistic) is also summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Khodakarami
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sara Adibfar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Vahid Karpisheh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shiva Abolhasani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pooya Jalali
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Bioclinicum, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cao Z, Gao J, Huang W, Yan J, Shan A, Gao X. Curcumin mitigates deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal epithelial barrier disruption by regulating Nrf2/p53 and NF-κB/MLCK signaling in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 167:113281. [PMID: 35817260 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) induces intestinal epithelial barrier disruption, posing a threat to the body. Curcumin (Cur) possesses pharmacological bioactivities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that help maintain intestinal health. Here, the protective effects of Cur against DON-induced intestinal epithelial barrier disruption were explored. Cur (75 or 150 mg/kg body weight [B.W.]) alleviated DON-induced (2.4 mg/kg B.W.) inhibition of growth performance and morphological damage to intestinal epithelium in mice. Cur also significantly attenuated DON-induced intestinal epithelial barrier disruption and structural damage to the tight junctions (TJs), as assessed by ultrastructure observation, serum FITC-dextran concentrations and diamine oxidase activity. Cur mitigated the DON-induced increase in reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels; p53, cytoplasmic cytochrome c, Bax, and Bcl-2 expression; and TUNEL-positive cell rate and caspase-3 activity. It decreased the total antioxidant capacity and expression of nuclear Nrf2 and its downstream target genes. Lastly, Cur attenuated the DON-induced increase in MLCK, p-MLC, nuclear NF-κB p65 expression, and the NF-κB downstream target genes; decrease in the expression of TJs proteins (claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]); and abnormal ZO-1 distribution. Overall, Cur mitigated the DON-induced disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier by regulating the Nrf2/p53-mediated apoptotic pathway and NF-κB/MLCK-mediated TJs pathway in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cao
- Post-doctoral Research Station of Animal Husbandry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jinsong Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wanyue Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Juli Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Post-doctoral Research Station of Animal Husbandry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Guo FF, Meng FG, Zhang XN, Zeng T. Spermidine inhibits LPS-induced pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages by acting on Nrf2 signaling but not autophagy. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
18
|
Xu HL, Li H, Bao RK, Tang YX, Elsherbeni AIA, Gharib HBA, Li JL. Transport Stress Induced Cardiac NO-NOS Disorder Is Mitigated by Activating Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 Antioxidant Defense Response in Newly Hatched Chicks. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:938826. [PMID: 35754548 PMCID: PMC9226774 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.938826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of the intensive poultry industry, the health problems of chickens caused by transportation have attracted more and more attention. Transport stress reduces performance, immune function, and meat quality in chicks, which has become one of the most important factors that endanger the development of the poultry industry. Currently, studies on the effects of transport stress have mainly focused on the performance of livestock and poultry to be slaughtered. However, the effects of transport stress on heart damage and oxidative stress in newborn chicks have not been reported. In this study, we selected newborn chicks as the object. This study was intended to explore the effects of transport stress on the heart damage of newly hatched chicks. The findings suggested that transport stress could cause oxidative stress in the hearts of newly hatched chicks by increasing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and decreasing the contents of Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD), together with increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione S-transferase (GST)). Transport stress disrupted the balance between oxidation and antioxidant systems. The Nrf2 signaling pathway was activated by transport stress and triggered the transcription of antioxidant signaling. In short, transport stress-induced nitric oxide (NO)—nitric oxide synthases (NOS) system metabolic disorders and cardiac oxidative stress are mitigated by activating the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) antioxidant defense response in newly hatched chicks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Liang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Laboratory of Sport Physiology and Biochemistry, Harbin Sport University, Harbin, China
| | - Rong-Kun Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi-Xi Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | | | | | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yi L, Wang Q, Luo H, Lei D, Tang Z, Lei S, Xiao H. Inhibitory Effects of Polyphenols-Rich Components From Three Edible Seaweeds on Inflammation and Colon Cancer in vitro. Front Nutr 2022; 9:856273. [PMID: 35634377 PMCID: PMC9136665 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.856273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols from edible seaweeds display various health benefits which have not been adequately studied. This study aimed to characterize the composition of extractable polyphenol-rich components (EPCs) and non-extractable polyphenol-rich components (NEPCs) from three edible seaweeds (i.e., Laminaria japonica, Ulva lactuca, and Porphyra tenera) and evaluate their anti-inflammatory capacities in activated macrophages and anticancer properties in colon cancer cells. Both EPCs and NEPCs from three edible seaweeds against lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulated nitric oxide in activated macrophages. Immunoblotting and qRT-PCR indicated that EPCs and NEPCs regulated the expression levels of proinflammatory enzymes, proinflammatory cytokines, and antioxidant enzymes in macrophages. Furthermore, EPCs and NEPCs lowered the viability of colon cancer cells, while normal colon cells were not affected. Additionally, EPCs and NEPCs induced cellular apoptosis and led to G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in HCT116 cells. Overall, these results provide a rationale for future animal and human studies designed to examine the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive capacities of polyphenols-rich components from L. japonica, U. lactuca, and P. tenera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Yi
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Haiyan Luo
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Daqing Lei
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhonghai Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Sijia Lei
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Supplementation with High or Low Iron Reduces Colitis Severity in an AOM/DSS Mouse Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102033. [PMID: 35631174 PMCID: PMC9147005 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) and the dysregulation of iron metabolism has been implicated. However, studies on the influence of dietary iron deficiency on the incidence of CAC are limited. This study investigated the effects of dietary iron deficiency and dietary non-heme iron on CAC development in an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) mouse model. The four-week-old mice were divided into the following groups: iron control (IC; 35 ppm iron/kg) + normal (NOR), IC + AOM/DSS, iron deficient (ID; <5 ppm iron/kg diet) + AOM/DSS, and iron overload (IOL; approximately 2000 ppm iron/kg) + AOM/DSS. The mice were fed the respective diets for 13 weeks, and the AOM/DSS model was established at week five. FTH1 expression increased in the mice’s colons in the IC + AOM/DSS group compared with that observed in the ID and IOL + AOM/DSS groups. The reduced number of colonic tumors in the ID + AOM/DSS and IOL + AOM/DSS groups was accompanied by the downregulated expression of cell proliferation regulators (PCNA, cyclin D1, and c-Myc). Iron overload inhibited the increase in the expression of NF-κB and its downstream inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNFα, iNOS, COX2, and IL-1β), likely due to the elevated expression of antioxidant genes (SOD1, TXN, GPX1, GPX4, CAT, HMOX1, and NQO1). ID + AOM/DSS may hinder tumor development in the AOM/DSS model by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway by increasing the expression of Ndrg1. Our study suggests that ID and IOL diets suppress AOM/DSS-induced tumors and that long-term iron deficiency or overload may negate CAC progression.
Collapse
|
21
|
Reverte M, Snäkä T, Fasel N. The Dangerous Liaisons in the Oxidative Stress Response to Leishmania Infection. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040409. [PMID: 35456085 PMCID: PMC9029764 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania parasites preferentially invade macrophages, the professional phagocytic cells, at the site of infection. Macrophages play conflicting roles in Leishmania infection either by the destruction of internalized parasites or by providing a safe shelter for parasite replication. In response to invading pathogens, however, macrophages induce an oxidative burst as a mechanism of defense to promote pathogen removal and contribute to signaling pathways involving inflammation and the immune response. Thus, oxidative stress plays a dual role in infection whereby free radicals protect against invading pathogens but can also cause inflammation resulting in tissue damage. The induced oxidative stress in parasitic infections triggers the activation in the host of the antioxidant response to counteract the damaging oxidative burst. Consequently, macrophages are crucial for disease progression or control. The ultimate outcome depends on dangerous liaisons between the infecting Leishmania spp. and the type and strength of the host immune response.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhu H, Bui A, Santo A, Li YR. 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione suppresses LPS-induced proinflammatory responses in macrophages: potential involvement of antioxidant induction, NF-κB, and Nrf2. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1499-1506. [PMID: 35179677 PMCID: PMC8989649 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T), an Nrf2 activator, acted as a potential chemoprotectant against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mortality in mice. In view of the critical involvement of macrophages in the pathogenesis of LPS-induced endotoxemia, in the present study, we investigated the protective effects of D3T on LPS-induced proinflammatory responses in cultured murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line and primary peritoneal macrophages and the potential involvement of antioxidant induction, NF-κB, and Nrf2. We showed that treatment with D3T resulted in increased levels of a series of antioxidants in RAW 264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. These included the reduced form of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase 1. Catalase was also potently induced by D3T which, however, did not show a concentration dependency. Concurrent with the ability to induce the above cellular antioxidants, D3T pretreatment of RAW 264.7 cells also led to a concentration-dependent suppression of LPS-induced interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) production and nitric oxide release. LPS-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production was also suppressed by D3T, but to a much lesser extent. Using NF-κB reporter gene-expressing RAW 264.7 cells, we further showed that D3T pretreatment also suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB activation. To investigate the potential involvement of Nrf2, a chief regulator of cellular antioxidant genes, we used peritoneal macrophages isolated from Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2-/- mice. Our results showed that D3T pretreatment suppressed LPS-induced proinflammatory responses in Nrf2+/+ macrophages, and this inhibitory effect of D3T was completely lost in Nrf2-/- macrophages. Collectively, the results of the present study demonstrated that D3T acted as a potent suppressor of LPS-induced proinflammatory responses in macrophages. Antioxidant induction, NF-κB suppression, and Nrf2 activation appeared to contribute to the anti-proinflammatory activity of D3T in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Campbell University Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, NC, 27506, USA.
| | - An Bui
- Campbell University Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, NC, 27506, USA
| | - Arben Santo
- Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Y Robert Li
- Campbell University Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, NC, 27506, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gao W, Guo L, Yang Y, Wang Y, Xia S, Gong H, Zhang BK, Yan M. Dissecting the Crosstalk Between Nrf2 and NF-κB Response Pathways in Drug-Induced Toxicity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:809952. [PMID: 35186957 PMCID: PMC8847224 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.809952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 and NF-κB are important regulators of the response to oxidative stress and inflammation in the body. Previous pharmacological and genetic studies have confirmed crosstalk between the two. The deficiency of Nrf2 elevates the expression of NF-κB, leading to increased production of inflammatory factors, while NF-κB can affect the expression of downstream target genes by regulating the transcription and activity of Nrf2. At the same time, many therapeutic drug-induced organ toxicities, including hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, dermal toxicity, and neurotoxicity, have received increasing attention from researchers in clinical practice. Drug-induced organ injury can destroy body function, reduce the patients’ quality of life, and even threaten the lives of patients. Therefore, it is urgent to find protective drugs to ameliorate drug-induced injury. There is substantial evidence that protective medications can alleviate drug-induced organ toxicity by modulating both Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Thus, it has become increasingly important to explore the crosstalk mechanism between Nrf2 and NF-κB in drug-induced toxicity. In this review, we summarize the potential molecular mechanisms of Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways and the important effects on adverse effects including toxic reactions and look forward to finding protective drugs that can target the crosstalk between the two.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bi-Kui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Miao Yan,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mohammadi G, Karimi AA, Hafezieh M, Dawood MAO, Abo-Al-Ela HG. Pistachio hull polysaccharide protects Nile tilapia against LPS-induced excessive inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, possibly via TLR2 and Nrf2 signaling pathways. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:276-284. [PMID: 34968712 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrates found in living organisms, which have several physiological functions. In the present study, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were fed diets containing three levels (0%, 0.2%, and 0.6%) of Pistacia vera hull polysaccharide (PHP) for 45 days and then injected with PBS or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Before the LPS challenge, Nile tilapia fed 0.2% and 0.6% PHP showed significantly increased mean final weight and weight gain compared to those received 0% PHP. The specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved in the treatment fed 0.6% PHP compared to the remaining groups. After LPS challenge, the activities of liver antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase exhibited the highest values in the 0.6% PHP group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly augmented in the model (fed 0% PHP diet and injected with LPS) and 0.2% PHP groups compared to the control. However, MDA showed decreased levels in the 0.6% PHP group. LPS induced higher mRNA and/or protein levels of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (Myd88), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interferon γ (IFN-γ) in Nile tilapia liver. However, PHP administration significantly upregulated the expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10), nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), SOD, and CAT, but markedly suppressed TLR2, NF-κB, Myd88, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and/or production in the liver. The findings of the current study indicated that PHP has positive effects on growth performance, immune gene-related expression, and antioxidative activities. We can conclude that PHP can attenuate LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in vivo, possibly via induction of Nrf2 and blockade of TLR2/Myd88/NF-κB pathways in Nile tilapia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Mohammadi
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran; Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Karimi
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hafezieh
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Haitham G Abo-Al-Ela
- Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, 43518, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Usui N, Togawa S, Sumi T, Kobayashi Y, Koyama Y, Nakamura Y, Kondo M, Shinoda K, Kobayashi H, Shimada S. Si-Based Hydrogen-Producing Nanoagent Protects Fetuses From Miscarriage Caused by Mother-to-Child Transmission. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 3:665506. [PMID: 35047922 PMCID: PMC8757766 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.665506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mother-to-child transmission of viruses and bacteria increases the risk of miscarriage and various diseases in children. Such transmissions can result in infections and diseases in infants or the induction of an inflammatory immune response through the placenta. Recently, we developed a silicon (Si)-based hydrogen-producing nanoagent (Si-based agent) that continuously and effectively produces hydrogen in the body. Since medical hydrogen has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, and antiapoptotic effects, we investigated the effects of our Si-based agent on mother-to-child transmission, with a focus on the rate of miscarriage. In pregnant mice fed a diet containing the Si-based agent, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced miscarriage due to mother-to-child transmission was reduced and inflammation and neutrophil infiltration in the placenta were suppressed. We also found that the Si-based agent suppressed IL-6 expression in the placenta and induced the expression of antioxidant and antiapoptotic genes, such as Hmox1 and Ptgs2. The observed anti-inflammatory effects of the Si-based agent suggest that it may be an effective preventative or therapeutic drug for miscarriage or threatened miscarriage during pregnancy by suppressing maternal inflammation caused by bacterial and viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyoshi Usui
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Addiction Research Unit, Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shogo Togawa
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takuya Sumi
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuki Kobayashi
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Koyama
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Addiction Research Unit, Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakamura
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Addiction Research Unit, Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Kondo
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Addiction Research Unit, Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koh Shinoda
- Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hikaru Kobayashi
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shoichi Shimada
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Addiction Research Unit, Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chou MC, Lee YJ, Wang YT, Cheng SY, Cheng HL. Cytotoxic and Anti-Inflammatory Triterpenoids in the Vines and Leaves of Momordica charantia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031071. [PMID: 35163001 PMCID: PMC8834831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The vines and leaves of Momordica charantia L. are used as herbal medicines to treat inflammation-related disorders. However, their safety profile remains uncharacterized, and the constituents in their extracts that exert anti-inflammatory and adverse effects remain unclear. This study isolated the characteristic cucurbitane-type triterpenoid species in the vines and leaves of M. charantia L. and analyzed their cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory effects, and underlying mechanisms. Four structurally related triterpenoids—momordicines I, II, IV, and (23E) 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23-dien-19-al (TCD)—were isolated from the triterpenoid-rich fractions of extracts from the vines and leaves of M. charantia. Momordicine I was cytotoxic on normal cells, momordicine II exerted milder cytotoxicity, and momordicine IV and TCD had no obvious adverse effects on cell growth. TCD had anti-inflammatory activity both in vivo and in vitro. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, TCD inhibited the inhibitor kappa B kinase/nuclear factor-κB pathway and enhanced the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 and p38. Thus, the vines and leaves of M. charantia should be used with caution. An extraction protocol that can enrich TCD but remove momordicine I would likely enhance the safety of the extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chia Chou
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County 912301, Taiwan;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Pingtung Branch, Neipu, Pingtung County 912012, Taiwan
- Department of Recreation and Sports Management, Tajen University, Yanpu, Pingtung County 907101, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 82144, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Jia Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County 912301, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Ting Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811726, Taiwan;
| | - Shi-Yie Cheng
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811726, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.C.); (H.-L.C.); Tel.: +886-7-5916693 (S.-Y.C.); +886-8-7703202 (ext. 5186) (H.-L.C.)
| | - Hsueh-Ling Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County 912301, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.C.); (H.-L.C.); Tel.: +886-7-5916693 (S.-Y.C.); +886-8-7703202 (ext. 5186) (H.-L.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wei LY, Zhang JK, Zheng L, Chen Y. The functional role of sulforaphane in intestinal inflammation: a review. Food Funct 2021; 13:514-529. [PMID: 34935814 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03398k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation represented by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become a global epidemic disease and the number of patients with IBD continues to increase. This digestive tract disease not only affects the absorption of food components by destroying the intestinal epithelial structure, but also can induce diseases in remote organs via the gut-organ axis, seriously harming human health. Nowadays, increasing attention is being paid to the nutritional and medicinal value of food components with increasing awareness among the general public regarding health. As an important member of the isothiocyanates, sulforaphane (SFN) is abundant in cruciferous plants and is famous for its excellent anti-cancer effects. With the development of clinical research, more physiological activities of SFN, such as antidepressant, hypoglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities, have been discovered, supporting the fact that SFN and SFN-rich sources have great potential to be dietary supplements that are beneficial to health. This review summarizes the characteristics of intestinal inflammation, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of SFN and its various protective effects on intestinal inflammation, and the possible future applications of SFN for promoting intestinal health have also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yang Wei
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China. .,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Jiu-Kai Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Differentially Regulate Nrf2 Pathway in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells: Relation to Distinct Innate Immune Response. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123426. [PMID: 34943933 PMCID: PMC8700232 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are major mastitis causing pathogens in dairy cattle but elicit distinct immune and an inflammatory response in the udder. However, the host determinants responsible for this difference remains largely unknown. Our initial studies focused on the global transcriptomic response of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (pbMECs) to heat-killed E. coli and S. aureus. RNA-sequencing transcriptome analysis demonstrates a significant difference in expression profiles induced by E. coli compared with S. aureus. A major differential response was the activation of innate immune response by E. coli, but not by S. aureus. Interestingly, E. coli stimulation increased transcript abundance of several genes downstream of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) that were enriched in gene sets with a focus on metabolism and immune system. However, none of these genes was dysregulated by S. aureus. Western blot analysis confirms that S. aureus impairs Nrf2 activation as compared to E. coli. Using Nrf2-knockdown cells we demonstrate that Nrf2 is necessary for bpMECs to mount an effective innate defensive response. In support of this notion, nuclear Nrf2 overexpression augmented S. aureus-stimulated inflammatory response. We also show that, unlike E. coli, S. aureus disrupts the non-canonical p62/SQSTM1-Keap1 pathway responsible for Nrf2 activation through inhibiting p62/SQSTM1 phosphorylation at S349. Collectively, our findings provide important insights into the contribution of the Nrf2 pathway to the pathogen-species specific immune response in bovine mammary epithelial cells and raise a possibility that impairment of Nrf2 activation contributes to, at least in part, the weak inflammatory response in S. aureus mastitis.
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang L, Wang X, Kong L, Wang S, Huang K, Wu J, Wang C, Sun H, Liu K, Meng Q. Isoliquiritigenin alleviates LPS/ D-GalN-induced acute liver failure by activating the PGC-1α/ Nrf2 pathway to reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108159. [PMID: 34555641 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a dramatic liver disease characterized by large areas of inflammation. However, there are no available effective targeted drugs for ALF treatment. In the study, serum biochemical index and H&E were used to explore the amelioration of the liver histopathological changes. The oxidative stress kits, quantitative real-time PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and siRNA were used to elucidate the mechanisms underlying isoliquiritigenin (ISL) protection. The results showed that ISL significantly improved the liver pathological changes. Furthermore, ISL reduced oxidative stress by altering the expression of PGC-1α, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, Keap1, GCLC, and GCLM in damaged hepatocytes. Moreover, the levels of inflammation-related genes including NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, and Mip-2 were repressed by ISL. In addition, ISL alleviated LPS/D-GalN-induced hepatocytes apoptosis by increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and suppressing the expression of cleaved caspase-3. Further in vivo and in vitro evidence proved the involvement of the PGC-1α/Nrf2 signaling pathway in ISL protection. In conclusion, ISL improves the ability of anti-oxidative stress, alleviates inflammatory reaction, apoptosis, and inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome to protect lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine (LPS/D-GalN)-induced ALF through activating the PGC-1α/Nrf2 pathway, which provides the possibility for the treatment of ALF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lina Kong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bono S, Feligioni M, Corbo M. Impaired antioxidant KEAP1-NRF2 system in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: NRF2 activation as a potential therapeutic strategy. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:71. [PMID: 34663413 PMCID: PMC8521937 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress (OS) is an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant species and, together with other numerous pathological mechanisms, leads to the degeneration and death of motor neurons (MNs) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). MAIN BODY Two of the main players in the molecular and cellular response to OS are NRF2, the transcription nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and its principal negative regulator, KEAP1, Kelch-like ECH (erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology)-associated protein 1. Here we first provide an overview of the structural organization, regulation, and critical role of the KEAP1-NRF2 system in counteracting OS, with a focus on its alteration in ALS. We then examine several compounds capable of promoting NRF2 activity thereby inducing cytoprotective effects, and which are currently in different stages of clinical development for many pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSIONS Although challenges associated with some of these compounds remain, important advances have been made in the development of safer and more effective drugs that could actually represent a breakthrough for fatal degenerative diseases such as ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bono
- Need Institute, Laboratory of Neurobiology for Translational Medicine, c/o Casa di Cura del Policlinico (CCP), Via Dezza 48, 20144 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Feligioni
- Need Institute, Laboratory of Neurobiology for Translational Medicine, c/o Casa di Cura del Policlinico (CCP), Via Dezza 48, 20144 Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Corbo
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura del Policlinico (CCP), Via Dezza 48, 20144 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang YR, Zhang XN, Meng FG, Zeng T. Targeting macrophage polarization by Nrf2 agonists for treating various xenobiotics-induced toxic responses. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:334-342. [PMID: 33627030 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1894624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages can polarize into different phenotypes in response to different microenvironmental stimuli. Macrophage polarization has been assigned to two extreme states, namely proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2. Accumulating evidences have demonstrated that M1 polarized macrophages contribute to various toxicants-induced deleterious effects. Switching macrophages from proinflammatory M1 phenotype toward anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype could be a promising approach for treating various inflammatory diseases. Studies in the past few decades have revealed that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) can modulate the polarization of macrophages. Specifically, activation of Nrf2 could block M1 stimuli-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and shift the polarization of macrophages toward M2 by cross-talking with nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and autophagy. Importantly, a great number of studies have confirmed the beneficial effects of natural and synthesized Nrf2 agonists on various inflammatory diseases; however, most of these compounds are far away from clinical application due to lack of characterization and defects of study designs. Interestingly, some endogenous Nrf2 inducers and compounds with dual activities (such as the Nrf2 inducing and CO releasing effects) exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects, which points out an important direction for future researches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ran Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiu-Ning Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fan-Ge Meng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Investigating the Thioredoxin and Glutathione Systems' Response in Lymphoma Cells after Treatment with [Au(d2pype)2]CL. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010104. [PMID: 33451071 PMCID: PMC7828567 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is a blood cancer comprising various subtypes. Although effective therapies are available, some patients fail to respond to treatment and can suffer from side effects. Antioxidant systems, especially the thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione (GSH) systems, are known to enhance cancer cell survival, with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) recently reported as a potential anticancer target. Since the GSH system can compensate for some Trx system functions, we investigated its response in three lymphoma cell lines after inhibiting TrxR activity with [Au(d2pype)2]Cl, a known TrxR inhibitor. [Au(d2pype)2]Cl increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and induced caspase-3 activity leading to cell apoptosis through inhibiting both TrxR and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) activity. Expression of the tumour suppresser gene TXNIP increased, while GPX1 and GPX4 expression, which are related to poor prognosis of lymphoma patients, decreased. Unlike SUDHL2 and SUDHL4 cells, which exhibited a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio after treatment, in KMH2 cells the ratio remained unchanged, while glutathione reductase and glutaredoxin expression increased. Since KMH2 cells were less sensitive to treatment with [Au(d2pype)2]Cl, the GSH system may play a role in protecting cells from apoptosis after TrxR inhibition. Overall, our study demonstrates that inhibition of TrxR represents a valid therapeutic approach for lymphoma.
Collapse
|
33
|
Ramkumar K, Madhunapantula S, Bovilla V, Anantharaju P, Dornadula S, Veeresh P, Kuruburu M, Bettada V. Caffeic acid and protocatechuic acid modulate Nrf2 and inhibit Ehrlich ascites carcinomas in mice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.314045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
34
|
Checa J, Aran JM. Reactive Oxygen Species: Drivers of Physiological and Pathological Processes. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:1057-1073. [PMID: 33293849 PMCID: PMC7719303 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s275595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the Great Oxidation Event, about 2.4 billion years ago, the Earth is immersed in an oxidizing atmosphere. Thus, it has been proposed that excess oxygen, originally a waste product of photosynthetic cyanobacteria, induced oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have since acted as fundamental drivers of biologic evolution and eukaryogenesis. Indeed, throughout an organism’s lifespan, ROS affect directly (as mutagens) or indirectly (as messengers and regulators) all structural and functional components of cells, and many aspects of cell biology. Whether left unchecked by protective antioxidant systems, excess ROS not only cause genomic mutations but also induce irreversible oxidative modification of proteins (protein oxidation and peroxidation), lipids and glycans (advanced lipoxidation and glycation end products), impairing their function and promoting disease or cell death. Conversely, low-level local ROS play an important role both as redox-signaling molecules in a wide spectrum of pathways involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis (MAPK/ERK, PTK/PTP, PI3K-AKT-mTOR), and regulating key transcription factors (NFκB/IκB, Nrf2/KEAP1, AP-1, p53, HIF-1). Consequently, ROS can shape a variety of cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. In this review, we will give a brief overview of the relevance of ROS in both physiological and pathological processes, particularly inflammation and aging. In-depth knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of ROS actuation and their influence under steady-state and stressful conditions will pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic interventions. This will mitigate the harmful outcomes of ROS in the onset and progression of a variety of chronic inflammatory and age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Checa
- Immune-Inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Josep M Aran
- Immune-Inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
An Overview of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Its Role in Inflammation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225474. [PMID: 33238435 PMCID: PMC7700122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key driver in many pathological conditions such as allergy, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and many others, and the current state of available drugs prompted researchers to explore new therapeutic targets. In this context, accumulating evidence indicates that the transcription factor Nrf2 plays a pivotal role controlling the expression of antioxidant genes that ultimately exert anti-inflammatory functions. Nrf2 and its principal negative regulator, the E3 ligase adaptor Kelch-like ECH- associated protein 1 (Keap1), play a central role in the maintenance of intracellular redox homeostasis and regulation of inflammation. Interestingly, Nrf2 is proved to contribute to the regulation of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) axis, which is a potent anti-inflammatory target. Recent studies showed a connection between the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) system and the expression of inflammatory mediators, NF-κB pathway and macrophage metabolism. This suggests a new strategy for designing chemical agents as modulators of Nrf2 dependent pathways to target the immune response. Therefore, the present review will examine the relationship between Nrf2 signaling and the inflammation as well as possible approaches for the therapeutic modulation of this pathway.
Collapse
|
36
|
He F, Antonucci L, Karin M. NRF2 as a regulator of cell metabolism and inflammation in cancer. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:405-416. [PMID: 32347301 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master transcriptional regulator of genes whose products defend our cells for toxic and oxidative insults. Although NRF2 activation may reduce cancer risk by suppressing oxidative stress and tumor-promoting inflammation, many cancers exhibit elevated NRF2 activity either due to mutations that disrupt the negative control of NRF2 activity or other factors. Importantly, NRF2 activation is associated with poor prognosis and NRF2 has turned out to be a key activator of cancer-supportive anabolic metabolism. In this review, we summarize the diverse roles played by NRF2 in cancer focusing on metabolic reprogramming and tumor-promoting inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Antonucci
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tabari D, Scholl C, Steffens M, Weickhardt S, Elgner F, Bender D, Herrlein ML, Sabino C, Semkova V, Peitz M, Till A, Brüstle O, Hildt E, Stingl J. Impact of Zika Virus Infection on Human Neural Stem Cell MicroRNA Signatures. Viruses 2020; 12:E1219. [PMID: 33121145 PMCID: PMC7693339 DOI: 10.3390/v12111219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus, which can cause brain abnormalities in newborns, including microcephaly. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, which post- transcriptionally regulate gene expression. They are involved in various processes including neurological development and host responses to viral infection, but their potential role in ZIKV pathogenesis remains poorly understood. MiRNAs can be incorporated into extracellular vesicles (EVs) and mediate cell-to-cell communication. While it is well known that in viral infections EVs carrying miRNAs can play a crucial role in disease pathogenesis, ZIKV effects on EV-delivered miRNAs and their contribution to ZIKV pathogenesis have not been elucidated. In the present study, we profiled intracellular and EV-derived miRNAs by next generation sequencing and analyzed the host mRNA transcriptome of neural stem cells during infection with ZIKV Uganda and French Polynesia strains. We identified numerous miRNAs, including miR-4792, which were dysregulated at the intracellular level and had altered levels in EVs during ZIKV infection. Integrated analyses of differentially expressed genes and miRNAs showed that ZIKV infection had an impact on processes associated with neurodevelopment and oxidative stress. Our results provide insights into the roles of intracellular and EV-associated host miRNAs in ZIKV pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denna Tabari
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (D.T.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Catharina Scholl
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (D.T.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Michael Steffens
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (D.T.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Sandra Weickhardt
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, 53175 Bonn, Germany; (D.T.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Fabian Elgner
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany; (F.E.); (D.B.); (M.-L.H.); (C.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Daniela Bender
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany; (F.E.); (D.B.); (M.-L.H.); (C.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Marie-Luise Herrlein
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany; (F.E.); (D.B.); (M.-L.H.); (C.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Catarina Sabino
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany; (F.E.); (D.B.); (M.-L.H.); (C.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Vesselina Semkova
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (V.S.); (M.P.); (A.T.); (O.B.)
| | - Michael Peitz
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (V.S.); (M.P.); (A.T.); (O.B.)
- Cell Programming Core Facility, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53172 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Till
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (V.S.); (M.P.); (A.T.); (O.B.)
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (V.S.); (M.P.); (A.T.); (O.B.)
| | - Eberhard Hildt
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany; (F.E.); (D.B.); (M.-L.H.); (C.S.); (E.H.)
| | - Julia Stingl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Vaidya FU, Sufiyan Chhipa A, Mishra V, Gupta VK, Rawat SG, Kumar A, Pathak C. Molecular and cellular paradigms of multidrug resistance in cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2020; 5:e1291. [PMID: 33052041 PMCID: PMC9780431 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy is a major hurdle in the successful application of cancer therapy. Several anticancer approaches, including chemotherapies, radiotherapy, surgery and targeted therapies are being employed for the treatment of cancer. However, cancer cells reprogram themselves in multiple ways to evade the effect of these therapies, and over a period of time, the drug becomes inactive due to the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR). MDR is a complex phenomenon where malignant cells become insensitive to anticancer drugs and attain the ability to survive even after several exposures of anticancer drugs. In this review, we have discussed the molecular and cellular paradigms of multidrug resistance in cancer. RECENT FINDINGS An Extensive research in cancer biology revealed that drug resistance in cancer is the result of perpetuated intracellular and extracellular mechanisms such as drug efflux, drug inactivation, drug target alteration, oncogenic mutations, altered DNA damage repair mechanism, inhibition of programmed cell death signaling, metabolic reprogramming, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), inherent cell heterogeneity, epigenetic changes, redox imbalance, or any combination of these mechanisms. An inevitable cross-link between inflammation and drug resistance has been discussed. This review provided insight molecular mechanism to understand the vulnerabilities of cancer cells to develop drug resistance. CONCLUSION MDR is an outcome of interplays between multiple intricate pathways responsible for the inactivation of drug and development of resistance. MDR is a major obstacle in regimens of successful application of anti-cancer therapy. An improved understanding of the molecular mechanism of multi drug resistance and cellular reprogramming can provide a promising opportunity to combat drug resistance in cancer and intensify anti-cancer therapy for the upcoming future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Foram U. Vaidya
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & BiotechnologyIndian Institute of Advanced ResearchGandhinagarIndia
| | - Abu Sufiyan Chhipa
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & BiotechnologyIndian Institute of Advanced ResearchGandhinagarIndia
| | - Vinita Mishra
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & BiotechnologyIndian Institute of Advanced ResearchGandhinagarIndia
| | | | | | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of ZoologyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
| | - Chandramani Pathak
- Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences & BiotechnologyIndian Institute of Advanced ResearchGandhinagarIndia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Leite JA, Isaksen TJ, Heuck A, Scavone C, Lykke-Hartmann K. The α 2 Na +/K +-ATPase isoform mediates LPS-induced neuroinflammation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14180. [PMID: 32843655 PMCID: PMC7447643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Na+/K+-ATPase is a transmembrane ion pump that is essential for the maintenance of ion gradients and regulation of multiple cellular functions. Na+/K+-ATPase has been associated with nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signalling, a signal associated with lipopolysaccharides (LPSs)-induced immune response in connection with activated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling. However, the contribution of Na+/K+-ATPase to regulating inflammatory responses remains elusive. We report that mice haploinsufficient for the astrocyte-enriched α2Na+/K+-ATPase isoform (α2+/G301R mice) have a reduced proinflammatory response to LPS, accompanied by a reduced hypothermic reaction compared to wild type litter mates. Following intraperitoneal injection of LPS, gene expressions of Tnf-α, Il-1β, and Il-6 was reduced in the hypothalamus and hippocampus from α2+/G301R mice compared to α2+/+ littermates. The α2+/G301R mice experienced increased expression of the gene encoding an antioxidant enzyme, NRF2, in hippocampal astrocytes. Our findings indicate that α2Na+/K+-ATPase haploinsufficiency negatively modulates LPS-induced immune responses, highlighting a rational pharmacological target for reducing LPS-induced inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Leite
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - T J Isaksen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Heuck
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - C Scavone
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K Lykke-Hartmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
NRF2, a Transcription Factor for Stress Response and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134777. [PMID: 32640524 PMCID: PMC7369905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 589] [Impact Index Per Article: 147.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that regulates the cellular defense against toxic and oxidative insults through the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress response and drug detoxification. NRF2 activation renders cells resistant to chemical carcinogens and inflammatory challenges. In addition to antioxidant responses, NRF2 is involved in many other cellular processes, including metabolism and inflammation, and its functions are beyond the originally envisioned. NRF2 activity is tightly regulated through a complex transcriptional and post-translational network that enables it to orchestrate the cell’s response and adaptation to various pathological stressors for the homeostasis maintenance. Elevated or decreased NRF2 activity by pharmacological and genetic manipulations of NRF2 activation is associated with many metabolism- or inflammation-related diseases. Emerging evidence shows that NRF2 lies at the center of a complex regulatory network and establishes NRF2 as a truly pleiotropic transcription factor. Here we summarize the complex regulatory network of NRF2 activity and its roles in metabolic reprogramming, unfolded protein response, proteostasis, autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, inflammation, and immunity.
Collapse
|
41
|
Kawakami R, Katsuki S, Travers R, Romero DC, Becker-Greene D, Passos LSA, Higashi H, Blaser MC, Sukhova GK, Buttigieg J, Kopriva D, Schmidt AM, Anderson DG, Singh SA, Cardoso L, Weinbaum S, Libby P, Aikawa M, Croce K, Aikawa E. S100A9-RAGE Axis Accelerates Formation of Macrophage-Mediated Extracellular Vesicle Microcalcification in Diabetes Mellitus. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1838-1853. [PMID: 32460581 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.314087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular calcification is a cardiovascular risk factor and accelerated in diabetes mellitus. Previous work has established a role for calcification-prone extracellular vesicles in promoting vascular calcification. However, the mechanisms by which diabetes mellitus provokes cardiovascular events remain incompletely understood. Our goal was to identify that increased S100A9 promotes the release of calcification-prone extracellular vesicles from human macrophages in diabetes mellitus. Approach and Results: Human primary macrophages exposed to high glucose (25 mmol/L) increased S100A9 secretion and the expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) protein. Recombinant S100A9 induced the expression of proinflammatory and osteogenic factors, as well as the number of extracellular vesicles with high calcific potential (alkaline phosphatase activity, P<0.001) in macrophages. Treatment with a RAGE antagonist or silencing with S100A9 siRNA in macrophages abolished these responses, suggesting that stimulation of the S100A9-RAGE axis by hyperglycemia favors a procalcific environment. We further showed that an imbalance between Nrf-2 (nuclear factor 2 erythroid related factor 2) and NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) pathways contributes to macrophage activation and promotes a procalcific environment. In addition, streptozotocin-induced diabetic Apoe-/-S100a9-/- mice and mice treated with S100a9 siRNA encapsulated in macrophage-targeted lipid nanoparticles showed decreased inflammation and microcalcification in atherosclerotic plaques, as gauged by molecular imaging and comprehensive histological analysis. In human carotid plaques, comparative proteomics in patients with diabetes mellitus and histological analysis showed that the S100A9-RAGE axis associates with osteogenic activity and the formation of microcalcification. CONCLUSIONS Under hyperglycemic conditions, macrophages release calcific extracellular vesicles through mechanisms involving the S100A9-RAGE axis, thus contributing to the formation of microcalcification within atherosclerotic plaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kawakami
- From the Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (R.K., S.K., R.T., D.C.R., D.B.-G., L.S.A.P., G.K.S., P.L., M.A., K.C., E.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shunsuke Katsuki
- From the Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (R.K., S.K., R.T., D.C.R., D.B.-G., L.S.A.P., G.K.S., P.L., M.A., K.C., E.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Richard Travers
- From the Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (R.K., S.K., R.T., D.C.R., D.B.-G., L.S.A.P., G.K.S., P.L., M.A., K.C., E.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dayanna Carolina Romero
- From the Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (R.K., S.K., R.T., D.C.R., D.B.-G., L.S.A.P., G.K.S., P.L., M.A., K.C., E.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dakota Becker-Greene
- From the Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (R.K., S.K., R.T., D.C.R., D.B.-G., L.S.A.P., G.K.S., P.L., M.A., K.C., E.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Livia Silva Araujo Passos
- From the Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (R.K., S.K., R.T., D.C.R., D.B.-G., L.S.A.P., G.K.S., P.L., M.A., K.C., E.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hideyuki Higashi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (H.H., M.C.B., S.A.S., M.A., E.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mark C Blaser
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (H.H., M.C.B., S.A.S., M.A., E.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Galina K Sukhova
- From the Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (R.K., S.K., R.T., D.C.R., D.B.-G., L.S.A.P., G.K.S., P.L., M.A., K.C., E.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Josef Buttigieg
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada (J.B.)
| | - David Kopriva
- Regina Qu'Appelle Health Region, University of Saskatchewan, Regina, Canada (D.K.)
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University (A.M.S.)
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- Institutes for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (D.G.A.)
| | - Sasha A Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (H.H., M.C.B., S.A.S., M.A., E.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Luis Cardoso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York (L.C., S.W.)
| | - Sheldon Weinbaum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York (L.C., S.W.)
| | - Peter Libby
- From the Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (R.K., S.K., R.T., D.C.R., D.B.-G., L.S.A.P., G.K.S., P.L., M.A., K.C., E.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- From the Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (R.K., S.K., R.T., D.C.R., D.B.-G., L.S.A.P., G.K.S., P.L., M.A., K.C., E.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (H.H., M.C.B., S.A.S., M.A., E.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kevin Croce
- From the Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (R.K., S.K., R.T., D.C.R., D.B.-G., L.S.A.P., G.K.S., P.L., M.A., K.C., E.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- From the Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (R.K., S.K., R.T., D.C.R., D.B.-G., L.S.A.P., G.K.S., P.L., M.A., K.C., E.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (H.H., M.C.B., S.A.S., M.A., E.A.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russia (E.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Vargas-Mendoza N, Morales-González Á, Morales-Martínez M, Soriano-Ursúa MA, Delgado-Olivares L, Sandoval-Gallegos EM, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Álvarez-González I, Madrigal-Santillán E, Morales-Gonzalez JA. Flavolignans from Silymarin as Nrf2 Bioactivators and Their Therapeutic Applications. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8050122. [PMID: 32423098 PMCID: PMC7277158 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8050122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Silymarin (SM) is a mixture of flavolignans extracted from the seeds of species derived from Silybum marianum, commonly known as milk thistle or St. Mary'sthistle. These species have been widely used in the treatment of liver disorders in traditional medicine since ancient times. Several properties had been attributed to the major SM flavolignans components, identified as silybin, isosilybin, silychristin, isosilychristin, and silydianin. Previous research reported antioxidant and protective activities, which are probably related to the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2), known as a master regulator of the cytoprotector response. Nrf2 is a redox-sensitive nuclear transcription factor able to induce the downstream-associated genes. The disruption of Nrf2 signaling has been associated with different pathological conditions. Some identified phytochemicals from SM had shown to participate in the Nrf2 signaling pathway; in particular, they have been suggested as activators that disrupt interactions in the Keap1-Nrf2 system, but also as antioxidants or with additional actions regarding Nrf2 regulation. Thus, the study of these molecules makes them appear attractive as novel targets for the treatment or prevention of several diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vargas-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México Escuela Superior de Medicina, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz s/n esquina Miguel Othón de Mendizabal, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Mexico City CP 07738, Mexico;
| | - Mauricio Morales-Martínez
- Licenciatura en Nutrición, Universidad Intercontinental, Insurgentes Sur 4303, Santa Úrsula Xitla, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Mexico City CP 14420, Mexico;
| | - Marvin A. Soriano-Ursúa
- Academia de Fisiología Humana, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Luis Delgado-Olivares
- Centro de Investigación Interdisciplinario, Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Circuito Actopan-Tilcuauttla, s/n, Ex hacienda La Concepción, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo CP 42160, Mexico; (L.D.-O.); (E.M.S.-G.)
| | - Eli Mireya Sandoval-Gallegos
- Centro de Investigación Interdisciplinario, Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Circuito Actopan-Tilcuauttla, s/n, Ex hacienda La Concepción, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo CP 42160, Mexico; (L.D.-O.); (E.M.S.-G.)
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, “Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos”. Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Zacatenco, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.Á.-G.)
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, “Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos”. Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Zacatenco, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.Á.-G.)
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México Escuela Superior de Medicina, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (E.M.-S.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (E.M.-S. & J.A.M.-G.)
| | - José A. Morales-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México Escuela Superior de Medicina, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (E.M.-S.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (E.M.-S. & J.A.M.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Effects of Mycoplasmas on the Host Cell Signaling Pathways. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040308. [PMID: 32331465 PMCID: PMC7238135 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmas are the smallest free-living organisms. Reduced sizes of their genomes put constraints on the ability of these bacteria to live autonomously and make them highly dependent on the nutrients produced by host cells. Importantly, at the organism level, mycoplasmal infections may cause pathological changes to the host, including cancer and severe immunological reactions. At the molecular level, mycoplasmas often activate the NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) inflammatory response and concomitantly inhibit the p53-mediated response, which normally triggers the cell cycle and apoptosis. Thus, mycoplasmal infections may be considered as cancer-associated factors. At the same time, mycoplasmas through their membrane lipoproteins (LAMPs) along with lipoprotein derivatives (lipopeptide MALP-2, macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2) are able to modulate anti-inflammatory responses via nuclear translocation and activation of Nrf2 (the nuclear factor-E2-related anti-inflammatory transcription factor 2). Thus, interactions between mycoplasmas and host cells are multifaceted and depend on the cellular context. In this review, we summarize the current information on the role of mycoplasmas in affecting the host’s intracellular signaling mediated by the interactions between transcriptional factors p53, Nrf2, and NF-κB. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying pathologic processes associated with reprogramming eukaryotic cells that arise during the mycoplasma-host cell interaction should facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches to treat oncogenic and inflammatory processes.
Collapse
|
44
|
Clapper E, Wang S, Raninga PV, Di Trapani G, Tonissen KF. Cross-talk between Bcr-abl and the Thioredoxin System in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia: Implications for CML Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030207. [PMID: 32138149 PMCID: PMC7139888 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is currently treated with inhibitors of the CML specific oncoprotein, bcr-abl. While this strategy is initially successful, drug resistance can become a problem. Therefore, new targets need to be identified to ensure the disease can be appropriately managed. The thioredoxin (Trx) system, comprised of Trx, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and NADPH, is an antioxidant system previously identified as a target for therapies aimed at overcoming drug resistance in other cancers. We assessed the effectiveness of TrxR inhibitors on drug resistant CML cells and examined links between TrxR and the bcr-abl cell-signalling pathway. Two TrxR inhibitors, auranofin and [Au(d2pype)2]Cl, increased intracellular ROS levels and elicited apoptosis in both sensitive and imatinib resistant CML cells. Inhibition of TrxR activity by these pharmacological inhibitors, or by specific siRNA, also resulted in decreased bcr-abl mRNA and protein levels, and lower bcr-abl downstream signalling activity, potentially enhancing the effectiveness of TrxR inhibitors as CML therapies. In addition, imatinib resistant CML cell lines showed upregulated expression of the Trx system. Furthermore, analysis of datasets showed that CML patients who did not respond to imatinib had higher Trx mRNA levels than patients who responded to treatment. Our study demonstrates a link between the Trx system and the bcr-abl protein and highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting the Trx system to improve CML patients’ outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Clapper
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (E.C.); (S.W.)
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Sicong Wang
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (E.C.); (S.W.)
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Prahlad V. Raninga
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Giovanna Di Trapani
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (E.C.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (G.D.T.); (K.F.T.)
| | - Kathryn F. Tonissen
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (E.C.); (S.W.)
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
- Correspondence: (G.D.T.); (K.F.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses in a Murine Model of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury and TNF-α-Stimulated NCI-H292 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030198. [PMID: 32111036 PMCID: PMC7139931 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora (SP) is traditionally used as an herbal remedy to treat fever, malaria, and emesis. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of the methanol extract of SP leaves in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated NCI-H292 cells and in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model. SP decreased the number of inflammatory cells and the levels of TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissues of SP-treated mice. In addition, SP significantly suppressed the mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in TNF-α-stimulated NCI-H292 cells. SP significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and p65-nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in LPS-induced ALI mice and TNF-α-stimulated NCI-H292 cells. SP treatment enhanced the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) with upregulated antioxidant enzymes and suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress in the lung tissues of LPS-induced ALI model and TNF-α-stimulated NCI-H292 cells. Collectively, SP effectively inhibited airway inflammation and ROS-mediated oxidative stress, which was closely related to its ability to induce activation of Nrf2 and inhibit the phosphorylation of MAPKs and NF-κB. These findings suggest that SP has therapeutic potential for the treatment of ALI.
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhou J, Zhang X, Tang H, Yu J, Zu X, Xie Z, Yang X, Hu J, Tan F, Li Q, Lei X. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in autophagy-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 506:1-8. [PMID: 32109431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process, is the most important pathogenic events in the development and progression of liver diseases. Deregulation of Nrf2 is proposed to play a key pathogenic role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Under certain pathophysiological conditions, such as oxidative stress, impaired autophagy is accompanied by the Nrf2 activation that leads to the detrimental effects favoring the proliferation and survival of HCC. Elucidating its role and potential mechanism is essential for understanding tumorigenesis and the development of effective clinical application. Nrf2 is participated in HCC proliferation, migration and invasion through autophagy pathways. These includes the negatively regulated-Nrf2 by Keap1 that participates in HCC tumorigenesis via regulating ROS production, in which autophagy may contribute to oxidant metabolic reprogramming of HCC cells. Post-transcriptional modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination of Nrf2, can be positively or negatively induced by multiple transcription factors. Nrf2 exhibits chemoresistance through its binding sites in the promoter region of the target genes. Nrf2 may be a valuable potential biomarker and therapeutic strategy for diagnostics, prognostics and treatment of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Huifang Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Jia Yu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Juan Hu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Fang Tan
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Response Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pyrocatechol, a component of coffee, suppresses LPS-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB and activating Nrf2. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2584. [PMID: 32054966 PMCID: PMC7018815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee is a complex mixture of many bioactive compounds possessing anti-inflammatory properties. However, the mechanisms by which coffee exerts anti-inflammatory effects remains unclear and the active ingredients have not yet been identified. In this study, we found that coffee extract at more than 2.5%(v/v) significantly inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells and that anti-inflammatory activity of coffee required the roasting process. Interestingly, we identified pyrocatechol, a degradation product derived from chlorogenic acid during roasting, as the active ingredient exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity in coffee. HPLC analysis showed that 124 μM pyrocatechol was included in 100% (v/v) roasted coffee. A treatment with 5%(v/v) coffee extract and more than 2.5 μM pyrocatechol inhibited the LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and also significantly activated Nrf2, which acts as a negative regulator in LPS-induced inflammation. Furthermore, intake of 60% (v/v) coffee extract and 74.4 μM pyrocatechol, which is the concentration equal to contained in 60% (v/v) coffee, markedly inhibited the LPS-induced inflammatory responses in mice. Collectively, these results demonstrated that pyrocatechol, which was formed by the roasting of coffee green beans, is one of the ingredients contributing to the anti-inflammatory activity of coffee.
Collapse
|
48
|
Ning YL, Yang ZQ, Xian SX, Lin JZ, Lin XF, Chen WT. Bioinformatics Analysis Identifies Hub Genes and Molecular Pathways Involved in Sepsis-Induced Myopathy. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e919665. [PMID: 32008037 PMCID: PMC7009723 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-induced myopathy (SIM) is a complication of sepsis that results in prolonged mechanical ventilation, long-term functional disability, and increased patient mortality. This study aimed to use bioinformatics analysis to identify hub genes and molecular pathways involved in SIM, to identify potential diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to acquire the GSE13205 expression profile. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in cases of SIM and healthy controls, and the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the limma R/Bioconductor software package and clusterProfiler package in R, respectively. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network data of DEGs was retrieved using the STRING database and analyzed using the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) Cytoscape software plugin. RESULTS A total of 196 DEGs were obtained in SIM samples compared with healthy samples, including 93 upregulated genes. The DEGs were significantly upregulated in mineral absorption, and the interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling pathway and 103 down-regulated genes were associated with control of the bile secretion signaling pathway. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed with 106 nodes and 192 edges. The top two important clusters were selected from the PPI by MCODE analysis. There were 16 hub genes with a high degree of connectivity in the PPI network that were selected, including heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), and metallothionein (MT)-1E. CONCLUSIONS Bioinformatics network analysis identified key hub genes and molecular mechanisms in SIM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Le Ning
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhong-Qi Yang
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Shao-Xiang Xian
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland).,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Jian-Zhong Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Xin-Feng Lin
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Wei-Tao Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhang HB, Tu XK, Song SW, Liang RS, Shi SS. Baicalin Reduces Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 26:510-518. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
50
|
Morris G, Puri BK, Walker AJ, Berk M, Walder K, Bortolasci CC, Marx W, Carvalho AF, Maes M. The compensatory antioxidant response system with a focus on neuroprogressive disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 95:109708. [PMID: 31351160 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major antioxidant responses to increased levels of inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress (ONS) are detailed. In response to increasing levels of nitric oxide, S-nitrosylation of cysteine thiol groups leads to post-transcriptional modification of many cellular proteins and thereby regulates their activity and allows cellular adaptation to increased levels of ONS. S-nitrosylation inhibits the function of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, toll-like receptor-mediated signalling and the activity of several mitogen-activated protein kinases, while activating nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2 or NFE2L2); in turn, the redox-regulated activation of Nrf2 leads to increased levels and/or activity of key enzymes and transporter systems involved in the glutathione system. The Nrf2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 axis is associated with upregulation of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, which in turn has anti-inflammatory effects. Increased Nrf2 transcriptional activity also leads to activation of haem oxygenase-1, which is associated with upregulation of bilirubin, biliverdin and biliverdin reductase as well as increased carbon monoxide signalling, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Associated transcriptional responses, which may be mediated by retrograde signalling owing to elevated hydrogen peroxide, include the unfolded protein response (UPR), mitohormesis and the mitochondrial UPR; the UPR also results from increasing levels of mitochondrial and cytosolic reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species leading to nitrosylation, glutathionylation, oxidation and nitration of crucial cysteine and tyrosine causing protein misfolding and the development of endoplasmic reticulum stress. It is shown how these mechanisms co-operate in forming a co-ordinated rapid and prolonged compensatory antioxidant response system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Basant K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J Walker
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|