1
|
Horn V, Sonnenberg GF. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells in intestinal health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:428-443. [PMID: 38467885 PMCID: PMC11144103 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is an immunologically rich organ, containing complex cell networks and dense lymphoid structures that safeguard this large absorptive barrier from pathogens, contribute to tissue physiology and support mucosal healing. Simultaneously, the immune system must remain tolerant to innocuous dietary antigens and trillions of normally beneficial microorganisms colonizing the intestine. Indeed, a dysfunctional immune response in the intestine underlies the pathogenesis of numerous local and systemic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, food allergy, chronic enteric infections or cancers. Here, we discuss group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), which have emerged as orchestrators of tissue physiology, immunity, inflammation, tolerance and malignancy in the gastrointestinal tract. ILC3s are abundant in the developing and healthy intestine but their numbers or function are altered during chronic disease and cancer. The latest studies provide new insights into the mechanisms by which ILC3s fundamentally shape intestinal homeostasis or disease pathophysiology, and often this functional dichotomy depends on context and complex interactions with other cell types or microorganisms. Finally, we consider how this knowledge could be harnessed to improve current treatments or provoke new opportunities for therapeutic intervention to promote gut health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Horn
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory F Sonnenberg
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Q, Tabrez S, Niekamp P, Kim CH. Circadian-clock-controlled endocrine and cytokine signals regulate multipotential innate lymphoid cell progenitors in the bone marrow. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114200. [PMID: 38717905 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), strategically positioned throughout the body, undergo population declines over time. A solution to counteract this problem is timely mobilization of multipotential progenitors from the bone marrow. It remains unknown what triggers the mobilization of bone marrow ILC progenitors (ILCPs). We report that ILCPs are regulated by the circadian clock to emigrate and generate mature ILCs in the periphery. We found that circadian-clock-defective ILCPs fail to normally emigrate and generate ILCs. We identified circadian-clock-controlled endocrine and cytokine cues that, respectively, regulate the retention and emigration of ILCPs at distinct times of each day. Activation of the stress-hormone-sensing glucocorticoid receptor upregulates CXCR4 on ILCPs for their retention in the bone marrow, while the interleukin-18 (IL-18) and RORα signals upregulate S1PR1 on ILCPs for their mobilization to the periphery. Our findings establish important roles of circadian signals for the homeostatic efflux of bone marrow ILCPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shams Tabrez
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Patrick Niekamp
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chang H Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Serafini N, Di Santo JP. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells: A trained Gutkeeper. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:126-137. [PMID: 38491842 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are tissue-resident immune lymphocytes that critically regulate intestinal homeostasis, organogenesis, and immunity. ILC3s possess the capacity to "sense" the inflammatory environment within tissues, especially in the context of pathogen challenges that imprints durable non-antigen-specific changes in ILC3 function. As such, ILC3s become a new actor in the emerging field of trained innate immunity. Here, we summarize recent discoveries regarding ILC3 responses to bacterial challenges and the role these encounters play in triggering trained innate immunity. We further discuss how signaling events throughout ILC3 ontogeny potentially control the development and function of trained ILC3s. Finally, we highlight the open questions surrounding ILC3 "training" the answers to which may reveal new insights into innate immunity. Understanding the fundamental concepts behind trained innate immunity could potentially lead to the development of new strategies for improving immunity-based modulation therapies for inflammation, infectious diseases, and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Serafini
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - James P Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Hu L, Ren G, Zeng Y, Zhao X, Zhong C. Distinct regulatory machineries underlying divergent chromatin landscapes distinguish innate lymphoid cells from T helper cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1271879. [PMID: 38106414 PMCID: PMC10722145 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1271879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), as the innate counterpart of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, play crucial roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis. While the ILC subsets and their corresponding Th subsets demonstrate significant similarities in core programming related to effector function and regulatory mechanisms, their principal distinctions, given their innate and adaptive lymphocyte nature, remain largely unknown. In this study, we have employed an integrative analysis of 294 bulk RNA-sequencing results across all ILC and Th subsets, using scRNA-seq algorithms. Consequently, we identify two genesets that predominantly differentiate ILCs from Th cells, as well as three genesets that distinguish various immune responses. Furthermore, through chromatin accessibility analysis, we find that the ILC geneset tends to rely on specific transcriptional regulation at promoter regions compared with the Th geneset. Additionally, we observe that ILCs and Th cells are under differential transcriptional regulation. For example, ILCs are under stronger regulation by multiple transcription factors, including RORα, GATA3, and NF-κB. Otherwise, Th cells are under stronger regulation by AP-1. Thus, our findings suggest that, despite the acknowledged similarities in effector functions between ILC subsets and corresponding Th subsets, the underlying regulatory machineries still exhibit substantial distinctions. These insights provide a comprehensive understanding of the unique roles played by each cell type during immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yime Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key National Health Commission Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Luni Hu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanqun Ren
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyu Zeng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key National Health Commission Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyu Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key National Health Commission Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Key National Health Commission Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Koprivica I, Stanisavljević S, Mićanović D, Jevtić B, Stojanović I, Miljković Đ. ILC3: a case of conflicted identity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1271699. [PMID: 37915588 PMCID: PMC10616800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1271699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells type 3 (ILC3s) are the first line sentinels at the mucous tissues, where they contribute to the homeostatic immune response in a major way. Also, they have been increasingly appreciated as important modulators of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune responses, both locally and systemically. The proper identification of ILC3 is of utmost importance for meaningful studies on their role in immunity. Flow cytometry is the method of choice for the detection and characterization of ILC3. However, the analysis of ILC3-related papers shows inconsistency in ILC3 phenotypic definition, as different inclusion and exclusion markers are used for their identification. Here, we present these discrepancies in the phenotypic characterization of human and mouse ILC3s. We discuss the pros and cons of using various markers for ILC3 identification. Furthermore, we consider the possibilities for the efficient isolation and propagation of ILC3 from different organs and tissues for in-vitro and in-vivo studies. This paper calls upon uniformity in ILC3 definition, isolation, and propagation for the increased possibility of confluent interpretation of ILC3's role in immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Đorđe Miljković
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tsymala
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Kuchler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Korchagina AA, Shein SA, Koroleva E, Tumanov AV. Transcriptional control of ILC identity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146077. [PMID: 36969171 PMCID: PMC10033543 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are heterogeneous innate immune cells which participate in host defense, mucosal repair and immunopathology by producing effector cytokines similarly to their adaptive immune cell counterparts. The development of ILC1, 2, and 3 subsets is controlled by core transcription factors: T-bet, GATA3, and RORγt, respectively. ILCs can undergo plasticity and transdifferentiate to other ILC subsets in response to invading pathogens and changes in local tissue environment. Accumulating evidence suggests that the plasticity and the maintenance of ILC identity is controlled by a balance between these and additional transcription factors such as STATs, Batf, Ikaros, Runx3, c-Maf, Bcl11b, and Zbtb46, activated in response to lineage-guiding cytokines. However, how interplay between these transcription factors leads to ILC plasticity and the maintenance of ILC identity remains hypothetical. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding transcriptional regulation of ILCs in homeostatic and inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
|
8
|
Li M, Wang Z, Jiang W, Lu Y, Zhang J. The role of group 3 innate lymphoid cell in intestinal disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1171826. [PMID: 37122757 PMCID: PMC10140532 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1171826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), a novel subpopulation of lymphocytes enriched in the intestinal mucosa, are currently considered as key sentinels in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis. ILC3s can secrete a series of cytokines such as IL-22 to eliminate intestinal luminal antigens, promote epithelial tissue repair and mucosal barrier integrity, and regulate intestinal immunity by integrating multiple signals from the environment and the host. However, ILC3 dysfunction may be associated with the development and progression of various diseases in the gut. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss the role of ILC3 in intestinal diseases such as enteric infectious diseases, intestinal inflammation, and tumors, with a focus on recent research advances and discoveries to explore potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kabil A, Shin SB, Hughes MR, McNagny KM. “Just one word, plastic!”: Controversies and caveats in innate lymphoid cell plasticity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:946905. [PMID: 36052086 PMCID: PMC9427196 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.946905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are frontline immune effectors involved in the early stages of host defense and maintenance of tissue homeostasis, particularly at mucosal surfaces such as the intestine, lung, and skin. Canonical ILCs are described as tissue-resident cells that populate peripheral tissues early in life and respond appropriately based on environmental exposure and their anatomical niche and tissue microenvironment. Intriguingly, there are accumulating reports of ILC “plasticity” that note the existence of non-canonical ILCs that exhibit distinct patterns of master transcription factor expression and cytokine production profiles in response to tissue inflammation. Yet this concept of ILC-plasticity is controversial due to several confounding caveats that include, among others, the independent large-scale recruitment of new ILC subsets from distal sites and the local, in situ, differentiation of uncommitted resident precursors. Nevertheless, the ability of ILCs to acquire unique characteristics and adapt to local environmental cues is an attractive paradigm because it would enable the rapid adaptation of innate responses to a wider array of pathogens even in the absence of pre-existing ‘prototypical’ ILC responder subsets. Despite the impressive recent progress in understanding ILC biology, the true contribution of ILC plasticity to tissue homeostasis and disease and how it is regulated remains obscure. Here, we detail current methodologies used to study ILC plasticity in mice and review the mechanisms that drive and regulate functional ILC plasticity in response to polarizing signals in their microenvironment and different cytokine milieus. Finally, we discuss the physiological relevance of ILC plasticity and its implications for potential therapeutics and treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kabil
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Samuel B. Shin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R. Hughes
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M. McNagny
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation (HLI), St Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Kelly M. McNagny,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shichkin VP, Antica M. Key Factors for Thymic Function and Development. Front Immunol 2022; 13:926516. [PMID: 35844535 PMCID: PMC9280625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.926516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymus is the organ responsible for T cell development and the formation of the adaptive immunity function. Its multicellular environment consists mainly of the different stromal cells and maturing T lymphocytes. Thymus-specific progenitors of epithelial, mesenchymal, and lymphoid cells with stem cell properties represent only minor populations. The thymic stromal structure predominantly determines the function of the thymus. The stromal components, mostly epithelial and mesenchymal cells, form this specialized area. They support the consistent developmental program of functionally distinct conventional T cell subpopulations. These include the MHC restricted single positive CD4+ CD8- and CD4- CD8+ cells, regulatory T lymphocytes (Foxp3+), innate natural killer T cells (iNKT), and γδT cells. Several physiological causes comprising stress and aging and medical treatments such as thymectomy and chemo/radiotherapy can harm the thymus function. The present review summarizes our knowledge of the development and function of the thymus with a focus on thymic epithelial cells as well as other stromal components and the signaling and transcriptional pathways underlying the thymic cell interaction. These critical thymus components are significant for T cell differentiation and restoring the thymic function after damage to reach the therapeutic benefits.
Collapse
|
11
|
Crosstalk between macrophages and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108937. [PMID: 35779490 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and macrophages are tissue-resident cells that play important roles in tissue-immune homeostasis and immune regulation. ILCs are mainly distributed on the barrier surfaces of mammals to ensure immunity or tissue homeostasis following host, microbial, or environmental stimulation. Their complex relationships with different organs enable them to respond quickly to disturbances in environmental conditions and organ homeostasis, such as during infections and tissue damage. Gradually emerging evidence suggests that ILCs also play complex and diverse roles in macrophage development, homeostasis, polarization, inflammation, and viral infection. In turn, macrophages also determine the fate of ILCs to some extent, which indicates that network crossover between these interactions is a key determinant of the immune response. More work is needed to better define the crosstalk of ILCs with macrophages in different tissues and demonstrate how it is affected during inflammation and other diseases. Here, we summarize current research on the functional interactions between ILCs and macrophages and consider the potential therapeutic utility of these interactions for the benefit of human health.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang C, Cheng M, Dong N, Sun D, Ma H. General Transcription Factor IIF Polypeptide 2: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Depression Identified Using an Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:918217. [PMID: 35711908 PMCID: PMC9197343 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.918217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression currently affects 4% of the world’s population; it is associated with disability in 11% of the global population. Moreover, there are limited resources to treat depression effectively. Therefore, we aimed to identify a promising novel therapeutic target for depression using bioinformatic analysis. The GSE54568, GSE54570, GSE87610, and GSE92538 gene expression data profiles were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We prepared the four GEO profiles for differential analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Gene Ontology functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes metabolic pathway analyses were conducted to determine the key functions of the corresponding genes. Additionally, we performed correlation analyses of the hub genes with transcription factors, immune genes, and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) genes to reveal the functional landscape of the core genes associated with depression. Compared with the control samples, the depression samples contained 110 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which comprised 56 downregulated and 54 upregulated DEGs. Moreover, using the WGCNA and PPI clustering analysis, the blue module and cluster 1 were found to be significantly correlated with depression. GTF2F2 was the only common gene identified using the differential analysis and WGCNA; thus, it was used as the hub gene. According to the enrichment analyses, GTF2F2 was predominantly involved in the cell cycle and JAK-STAT, PI3K-Akt, and p53 signaling pathways. Furthermore, differential and correlation analyses revealed that 9 transcription factors, 12 immune genes, and 2 m6A genes were associated with GTF2F2 in depression samples. GTF2F2 may serve as a promising diagnostic biomarker and treatment target of depression, and this study provides a novel perspective and valuable information to explore the molecular mechanism of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Naifu Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongjie Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Dongjie Sun,
| | - Haichun Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Haichun Ma,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Song J, Song H, Wei H, Sun R, Tian Z, Peng H. Requirement of RORα for maintenance and antitumor immunity of liver-resident natural killer cells/ILC1s. Hepatology 2022; 75:1181-1193. [PMID: 34510508 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD AND AIMS Liver type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s), also known as liver-resident natural killer (LrNK) cells, comprise a high proportion of total hepatic ILCs. However, factors regulating their maintenance and function remain unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS In this study, we found high expression of retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor alpha (RORα) in LrNK cells/ILC1s. Mice with conditional ablation of retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor alpha (Rorα) in LrNK cells/ILC1s and conventional natural killer (cNK) cells had decreased LrNK cells/ILC1s but normal numbers of cNK cells. RORα-deficient LrNK cells/ILC1s displayed increased apoptosis and significantly altered transcriptional profile. Using a murine model of colorectal cancer liver metastasis, we found that RORα conditional deficiency resulted in more aggressive liver tumor progression and impaired effector molecule expression in LrNK cells/ILC1s. Consequently, treatment with the RORα agonist efficiently limited liver metastases and promoted effector molecule expression of LrNK cells/ILC1s. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a role of RORα in LrNK cell/ILC1 maintenance and function, providing insights into the harnessing of LrNK cell/ILC1 activity in the treatment of liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Song
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina.,Institute of ImmunologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Hao Song
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina.,Institute of ImmunologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Haiming Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina.,Institute of ImmunologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Rui Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina.,Institute of ImmunologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina.,Institute of ImmunologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina.,Research Unit of NK Cell StudyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Hui Peng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina.,Institute of ImmunologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schroeder JH, Howard JK, Lord GM. Transcription factor-driven regulation of ILC1 and ILC3. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:564-579. [PMID: 35618586 PMCID: PMC10166716 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have functional relevance under both homeostatic and disease settings, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly in the context of maintaining the integrity of mucosal surfaces. Early reports highlighted group 1 and 3 ILC regulatory transcription factors (TFs), T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet; Tbx21) and RAR-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt; Rorc), as key regulators of ILC biology. Since then, other canonical TFs have been shown to have a role in the development and function of ILC subsets. In this review, we focus on recent insights into the balance between mature ILC1 and ILC3 based on these TFs and how they interact with other key cell-intrinsic molecular pathways. We outline how this TF interplay might be explored to identify novel candidate therapeutic avenues for human diseases.
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen Y, Zhao A, Lyu J, Hu Y, Yin Y, Qu J, Tong S, Li S. Association of delayed chronotype with allergic diseases in primary school children. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:836-847. [PMID: 35282724 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2040527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the associations of sleep midpoint for both weekdays and weekends, and chronotype, with allergic diseases, specifically asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema in primary school children. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 10409 children between 7 and 12 years of age (mean 9.21 ± 1.51 years; male 52.2%). Each allergic disease was defined as children with both diagnosed disease and current symptoms, and the reference group was described as children without any allergic symptoms. Sleep durations and mid-sleep times were calculated by reported sleep timing. Chronotype was determined by mid-sleep time on free days corrected for oversleeping. Children with allergies have shorter sleep duration and later sleep preferences. Late weekly sleep midpoints were associated with higher odds of allergies, and the odds were even higher for later weekday midpoints than their weekend counterparts. Regarding chronotype, the more evening chronotype, the higher the odds of allergic rhinitis and eczema. Additionally, effect of weekday late sleep midpoint on allergies was stronger as the participants who slept less (asthma: aOR,1.62, 95 CI%,1.25-2.10, p < .001; allergic rhinitis: aOR,2.12, 95 CI%,1.68-2.67, p < .001; eczema: aOR, 1.94, 95 CI%,1.52-2.48, p < .001). Further, the associations of chronotype with allergic rhinitis were confounded by second-hand smoking exposure. Our study, which finds an association between chronotype and the odds of three allergic diseases, hopes to improve sleep health awareness, especially in the particular population with allergic diseases, and describes the importance of evaluating modifiable behavioral factors, such as sleep habits, as a plausible factor for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anda Zhao
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Lyu
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yabin Hu
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Yin
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajie Qu
- Childcare Department, Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Shanghai, China
| | - Shilu Tong
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Population Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shenghui Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lv X, Zhu S, Wu J, Chen J. Transcriptional control of mature ILC3 function and plasticity: not just RORγt. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:142-144. [PMID: 34992276 PMCID: PMC8803961 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Lv
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Wu
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingtao Chen
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Valle-Noguera A, Ochoa-Ramos A, Gomez-Sánchez MJ, Cruz-Adalia A. Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells as Regulators of the Host-Pathogen Interaction. Front Immunol 2021; 12:748851. [PMID: 34659248 PMCID: PMC8511434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.748851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 3 Innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have been described as tissue-resident cells and characterized throughout the body, especially in mucosal sites and classical first barrier organs such as skin, gut and lungs, among others. A significant part of the research has focused on their role in combating pathogens, mainly extracellular pathogens, with the gut as the principal organ. However, some recent discoveries in the field have unveiled their activity in other organs, combating intracellular pathogens and as part of the response to viruses. In this review we have compiled the latest studies on the role of ILC3s and the molecular mechanisms involved in defending against different microbes at the mucosal surface, most of these studies have made use of conditional transgenic mice. The present review therefore attempts to provide an overview of the function of ILC3s in infections throughout the body, focusing on their specific activity in different organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valle-Noguera
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne Ochoa-Ramos
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria José Gomez-Sánchez
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Cruz-Adalia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Roma S, Carpen L, Raveane A, Bertolini F. The Dual Role of Innate Lymphoid and Natural Killer Cells in Cancer. from Phenotype to Single-Cell Transcriptomics, Functions and Clinical Uses. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205042. [PMID: 34680190 PMCID: PMC8533946 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), a family of innate immune cells including natural killers (NKs), play a multitude of roles in first-line cancer control, in escape from immunity and in cancer progression. In this review, we summarize preclinical and clinical data on ILCs and NK cells concerning their phenotype, function and clinical applications in cellular therapy trials. We also describe how single-cell transcriptome sequencing has been used and forecast how it will be used to better understand ILC and NK involvement in cancer control and progression as well as their therapeutic potential. Abstract The role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including natural killer (NK) cells, is pivotal in inflammatory modulation and cancer. Natural killer cell activity and count have been demonstrated to be regulated by the expression of activating and inhibitory receptors together with and as a consequence of different stimuli. The great majority of NK cell populations have an anti-tumor activity due to their cytotoxicity, and for this reason have been used for cellular therapies in cancer patients. On the other hand, the recently classified helper ILCs are fundamentally involved in inflammation and they can be either helpful or harmful in cancer development and progression. Tissue niche seems to play an important role in modulating ILC function and conversion, as observed at the transcriptional level. In the past, these cell populations have been classified by the presence of specific cellular receptor markers; more recently, due to the advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), it has been possible to also explore them at the transcriptomic level. In this article we review studies on ILC (and NK cell) classification, function and their involvement in cancer. We also summarize the potential application of NK cells in cancer therapy and give an overview of the most recent studies involving ILCs and NKs at scRNA-seq, focusing on cancer. Finally, we provide a resource for those who wish to start single-cell transcriptomic analysis on the context of these innate lymphoid cell populations.
Collapse
|
19
|
Fiancette R, Finlay CM, Willis C, Bevington SL, Soley J, Ng STH, Baker SM, Andrews S, Hepworth MR, Withers DR. Reciprocal transcription factor networks govern tissue-resident ILC3 subset function and identity. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1245-1255. [PMID: 34556884 PMCID: PMC7611981 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are guardians of mucosal immunity, yet the transcriptional networks that support their function remain poorly understood. We used inducible combinatorial deletion of key transcription factors (TFs) required for ILC development (RORγt, RORα and T-bet) to determine their necessity in maintaining ILC3 identity and function. Both RORγt and RORα were required to preserve optimum effector functions; however, RORα was sufficient to support robust interleukin-22 production among the lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi)-like ILC3 subset, but not natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR)+ ILC3s. Lymphoid tissue inducer-like ILC3s persisted with only selective loss of phenotype and effector functions even after the loss of both TFs. In contrast, continued RORγt expression was essential to restrain transcriptional networks associated with type 1 immunity within NCR+ ILC3s, which coexpress T-bet. Full differentiation to an ILC1-like population required the additional loss of RORα. Together, these data demonstrate how TF networks integrate within mature ILCs after development to sustain effector functions, imprint phenotype and restrict alternative differentiation programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Fiancette
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Conor M Finlay
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire Willis
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah L Bevington
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jake Soley
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sky T H Ng
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Syed Murtuza Baker
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon Andrews
- Bioinformatics Group, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew R Hepworth
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - David R Withers
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sun L, Ko J, Vidimos A, Koyfman S, Gastman B. A Distinctive Lineage-Negative Cell Population Produces IL-17A in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2021; 40:418-424. [PMID: 32813604 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2020.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17A is a key proinflammatory cytokine indicated in multiple pathologies, including skin tumorigenesis. While IL-17A is a signature cytokine of Th17 cells, IL-17A is also produced by other cell types, including type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) in the skin, particularly in patients with psoriasis. Interestingly, we detect CD45+Lin-(CD3-CD14-CD19-CD20-) IL-17A+ cells in the cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) by flow cytometry of the cell suspensions prepared from tumor tissues. Consistently, we found CD3-IL-17+ cells in tumor tissue of skin cSCCs by immunohistochemistry staining of serial sections of SCCs from both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients (e.g., transplant patients on iatrogenic long-term immunosuppressive therapy). In several immunocompromised patients, the CD3-IL-17+ cells consist of over 90% of the total IL-17+ cells in the tumor tissue. Furthermore, these CD3-IL-17+ cells are negatively stained for SMA, CD11b, and CD19, suggesting that they are unlikely to be fibroblast, myeloid cells, or B cells. Taken together, we found a population of lineage-negative IL-17A-producing cells present in the cSCCs, which share the "CD45+Lin-" features with ILCs. This study suggests that IL-17A can be produced by immune cell populations other than T cells in skin SCCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Sun
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer Ko
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Allison Vidimos
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shlomo Koyfman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Gastman
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abortive γδTCR rearrangements suggest ILC2s are derived from T-cell precursors. Blood Adv 2021; 4:5362-5372. [PMID: 33137203 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently identified subset of leukocytes that play a central role in pathogen surveillance and resistance, modulation of immune response, and tissue repair. They are remarkably similar to CD4+ T-helper subsets in terms of function and transcription factors required for their development but are distinguished by their lack of antigen-specific receptors. Despite their similarities, the absence of a surface T-cell receptor (TCR) and presence of ILCs and precursors in adult bone marrow has led to speculation that ILCs and T cells develop separately from lineages that branch at the point of precursors within the bone marrow. Considering the common lineage markers and effector cytokine profiles shared between ILCs and T cells, it is surprising that the status of the TCR loci in ILCs was not fully explored at the time of their discovery. Here, we demonstrate that a high proportion of peripheral tissue ILC2s have TCRγ chain gene rearrangements and TCRδ locus deletions. Detailed analyses of these loci show abundant frameshifts and premature stop codons that would encode nonfunctional TCR proteins. Collectively, these data argue that ILC2 can develop from T cells that fail to appropriately rearrange TCR genes, potentially within the thymus.
Collapse
|
22
|
Shin SB, McNagny KM. ILC-You in the Thymus: A Fresh Look at Innate Lymphoid Cell Development. Front Immunol 2021; 12:681110. [PMID: 34025680 PMCID: PMC8136430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.681110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has revolutionized our understanding of innate immunity and immune cell interactions at epithelial barrier sites. Their presence and maintenance are critical for modulating immune homeostasis, responding to injury or infection, and repairing damaged tissues. To date, ILCs have been defined by a set of transcription factors, surface antigens and cytokines, and their functions resemble those of three major classes of helper T cell subsets, Th1, Th2 and Th17. Despite this, the lack of antigen-specific surface receptors and the notion that ILCs can develop in the absence of the thymic niche have clearly set them apart from the T-cell lineage and promulgated a dogma that ILCs develop directly from progenitors in the bone marrow. Interestingly however, emerging studies have challenged the BM-centric view of adult ILC development and suggest that ILCs could arise neonatally from developing T cell progenitors. In this review, we discuss ILC development in parallel to T-cell development and summarize key findings that support a T-cell-centric view of ILC ontogeny.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B Shin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang R, Campbell S, Amir M, Mosure SA, Bassette MA, Eliason A, Sundrud MS, Kamenecka TM, Solt LA. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the nuclear receptor RORα regulates T H17 driven inflammatory disorders. Nat Commun 2021; 12:76. [PMID: 33397953 PMCID: PMC7782731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20385-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Full development of IL-17 producing CD4+ T helper cells (TH17 cells) requires the transcriptional activity of both orphan nuclear receptors RORα and RORγt. However, RORα is considered functionally redundant to RORγt; therefore, the function and therapeutic value of RORα in TH17 cells is unclear. Here, using mouse models of autoimmune and chronic inflammation, we show that expression of RORα is required for TH17 cell pathogenicity. T-cell-specific deletion of RORα reduces the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and colitis. Reduced inflammation is associated with decreased TH17 cell development, lower expression of tissue-homing chemokine receptors and integrins, and increased frequencies of Foxp3+ T regulatory cells. Importantly, inhibition of RORα with a selective small molecule antagonist mostly phenocopies our genetic data, showing potent suppression of the in vivo development of both chronic/progressive and relapsing/remitting EAE, but with no effect on overall thymic cellularity. Furthermore, use of the RORα antagonist effectively inhibits human TH17 cell differentiation and memory cytokine secretion. Together, these data suggest that RORα functions independent of RORγt in programming TH17 pathogenicity and identifies RORα as a safer and more selective therapeutic target for the treatment of TH17-mediated autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Sean Campbell
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Mohammed Amir
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Sarah A Mosure
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Molly A Bassette
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Amber Eliason
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Mark S Sundrud
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Theodore M Kamenecka
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Laura A Solt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Crosstalk Among Circadian Rhythm, Obesity and Allergy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051884. [PMID: 32164209 PMCID: PMC7084300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock system works not only as a cellular time-keeper but also as a coordinator for almost all physiological functions essential to maintaining human health. Therefore, disruptions or malfunctions of this system can cause many diseases and pre-symptomatic conditions. Indeed, previous studies have indicated that disrupted clock gene expression rhythm is closely related to obesity, and that allergic diseases can be regulated by controlling peripheral clocks in organs and tissues. Moreover, recent studies have found that obesity can lead to immune disorders. Accordingly, in this review, we assess the connection between obesity and allergy from the point of view of the circadian clock system anew and summarize the relationships among the circadian clock system, obesity, and allergy.
Collapse
|