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Wang J, Liu N, Chen Y, You J, Yang Y, Jin Y, Sun G, Zhou J. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of Chinese parents with infants (aged 0-3 years) toward immunity, gut microbiota and biotics: a comprehensive study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1396087. [PMID: 39076968 PMCID: PMC11284022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1396087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increasing focus towards infant immunity. The development and maintenance of the immune system are significantly influenced from birth, and is shaped by early-life infant feeding behavior. Hence, the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of parents play a crucial role in shaping the immune system of infants. A total of 2369 parents across 19 cities in China were surveyed using a self-designed online questionnaire. The KAP questionnaire assessed three domains: immunity, gut microbiota, and biotics (prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics). The questionnaire also included questions on infant health. An overwhelming majority of parents (97.90%) placed high value on their children's immunity, and 40.40% of them reported an increased level of concern following the COVID-19 pandemic. Diarrhea (78.80%), colds (75.70%), nighttime crying (73.80%), regurgitation (71.70%) and food retention (66.50%) were the major health issues reported. Knowledge scores toward immunity and gut microbiota were positively correlated to attitude and practice scores, respectively. Attitude scores toward immunity, gut microbiota and biotics were positively correlated to their respective practice scores. Parental knowledge score on immunity was negatively correlated with diarrhea, colds, regurgitation and food retention. On the other hand, parental practice scores toward immunity were negatively correlated with food retention. In regards to gut microbiota, parental knowledge score was negatively correlated with diarrhea, regurgitation and food retention; parental attitude score was negatively correlated with nighttime crying whereas practice score was negatively correlated with diarrhea, regurgitation, food retention and nighttime crying. Attitude score toward biotics was negatively correlated with nighttime crying and practice scores toward biotics was negatively correlated with colds, food retention and nighttime crying. This study demonstrated that significant gaps and misunderstandings exist among parents regarding immunity, gut microbiota health, and biotics. Both public education and interventions are crucial to enhance parental knowledge and practices, thereby improving infant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongnan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education/Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Chinese Nutrition Center for Education, Education and Training Center of Chinese Nutrition Society, Beijing, China
| | - Yufan Chen
- Danone Open Science Research Center for Life-Transforming Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialu You
- Danone Open Science Research Center for Life-Transforming Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunqing Yang
- Danone Open Science Research Center for Life-Transforming Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Danone Open Science Research Center for Life-Transforming Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education/Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Chinese Nutrition Center for Education, Education and Training Center of Chinese Nutrition Society, Beijing, China
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Bello F, Koukou E, Bodjrenou S, Termote C, Azokpota P, Hounkpatin WA. Food and nutrition knowledge, attitudes and practices among children in public primary school with canteens in southern Benin: a case study. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:40. [PMID: 38438938 PMCID: PMC10910792 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00857-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food and nutrition notion among schoolchildren in Benin is still less documented. Few studies have examined the determinants of food and nutrition among schoolchildren while others have attempted to link knowledge, attitudes and practices to diet. The present study aims to evaluate food and nutrition knowledge, attitudes and practices among schoolchildren enrolled in public primary schools canteens in Cotonou and its surroundings. METHODS A diagnostic study was conducted in twelve public primary schools with canteens. A structured interview questionnaire was used to collect data from 861 schoolchildren aged 7 to 14 years. Three scores were used to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice. The overall score was the total of correct responses. The maximum score for all the three parameters was 15, 6 and 4 respectively for knowledge, attitude and practices. Data were analyzed using STATA 16. Logistic regression was performed to identify the relationship between food and nutrition practices and knowledge and attitude. Pearson goodness of fit test was performed to verify the adequacy of the model. A P-value of less than 0.05 (P < 0.05) was considered significant at 95% confidence interval. RESULTS schoolchildren's nutrition knowledge was low (mean score 2.52 ± 1.33) while attitude and practices were acceptable (mean score 4.08 ± 1.39 and 2.84 ± 0.77). Only 18.2% of schoolchildren knew the different food groups and 3.4% knew that they should eat at least five fruits and vegetables a day. Most of the schoolchildren (93.6%) were favorable to eat at least five fruits and vegetables and 86.8% were willing to eat more than 3 times a day. Among all practices, snacking between meals and eating breakfast were poorly observed by the schoolchildren. Nutrition knowledge was associated with practices observed among schoolchildren but not with attitudes. However, a significant positive association was observed (p < 0.05) between attitudes and practices. CONCLUSION Knowledge on food and nutrition among schoolchildren from public primary schools with canteen was low. This study suggests implementation of nutritional education to improve schoolchildren's knowledge and attitudes towards healthy diets and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faïck Bello
- School of Nutrition and Food Technology and Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, Benin.
| | - Elie Koukou
- School of Nutrition and Food Technology and Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, Benin
- Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, Benin
| | - Sam Bodjrenou
- School of Nutrition and Food Technology and Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, Benin
- Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, Benin
| | - Céline Termote
- Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Duduville Campus, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paulin Azokpota
- School of Nutrition and Food Technology and Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, Benin
| | - Waliou Amoussa Hounkpatin
- School of Nutrition and Food Technology and Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, Benin
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Lafave LMZ, Hayek J, Lafave MR. Update and validation of the Canadian Behavior, Attitude and Nutrition Knowledge Survey (C-BANKS 2.0). Front Public Health 2023; 11:1261146. [PMID: 37860797 PMCID: PMC10584322 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1261146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Understanding knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to nutrition is crucial in developing effective intervention strategies to promote healthy eating habits. This study revised and updated the Canadian Behavior, Attitude and Nutrition Knowledge Survey (C-BANKS) to align with the current Canada's Food Guide and dietary guidance and report on its reliability and validity with a new population. Method Data from 167 early childhood educators were recruited to test the revised C-BANKS' reliability and validity. Reliability, as measured by internal consistency, was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, while concurrent validity was determined by correlating the C-BANKS 2.0 scores with the CHEERS (Creating Healthy Eating and Active Environments Survey) and Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ). Responsiveness was assessed by comparing a baseline C-BANKS 2.0 score to a post-test score after completing an online healthy eating and physical activity educational intervention. Results The adapted C-BANKS 2.0 questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha >0.70) and construct validity with related measures CHEERS and MEQ (p < 0.05). The C-BANKS 2.0 demonstrated strong responsiveness. Specifically, C-BANKS 2.0 scores increased after the nutrition education intervention (p < 0.001). Additionally, there were no signs of floor or ceiling effects. Conclusion The adapted C-BANKS 2.0 demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency, construct validity, and responsiveness to measure of nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in an early childhood educator population. The revised C-BANKS 2.0 provides insight into the key factors that influence dietary habits thereby informing the design and evaluation of effective nutrition community intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne M. Z. Lafave
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Imran K, Raza Q, Saleem H, Batool R. Sources and Level of Nutrition Knowledge Among Adults in Lahore: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e44186. [PMID: 37767240 PMCID: PMC10520746 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed at identifying the sources and basic nutrition knowledge among the citizens of Lahore. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in the metropolis city of Lahore, Pakistan. Four hundred and seventy-six adult citizens of Lahore participated. A random sampling method was used to collect data through a food frequency questionnaire consisting of 23 questions. The questionnaire designed for this study contained questions about demographics, sources of nutrition information, the reliability of these sources of nutrition information, and basic nutrition knowledge. The highest possible score of the questionnaire was marked as 15, and a mean value of 7.5 was used to categorize the low and high values for variables like nutrition knowledge. RESULTS The majority of participants (34.2%) took nutrition information from their families, healthcare professionals (23.9%), and online resources (23.5%). The most reliable source for nutrition information was healthcare professionals (78.6%). Many participants (65.30%) had high nutrition-related basic knowledge, and 34.70% had low knowledge. Although more than 50% of participants reported having high nutrition knowledge, but they were not aware of how to read food labels. Those citizens who referred to online resources for information about nutrition knowledge usually got better results regarding nutrition knowledge. CONCLUSION There is a need for more extensive research to identify the quality of sources for nutrition information to form better policies and plans that can be integrated and adopted at the community and national levels to increase the overall nutrition knowledge of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinza Imran
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, PAK
| | - Qaisar Raza
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, PAK
| | - Hinza Saleem
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, PAK
| | - Rakhshanda Batool
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, PAK
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Quaidoo E, Ohemeng A, Kushitor MK, Antwi J. Nutrition education incorporation into mainstream primary school curriculum in Ghana: Stakeholders' sources of nutrition information and perceived barriers. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262359. [PMID: 34990476 PMCID: PMC8735612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nutrition literacy has been cited as a crucial life skill. Nutrition education as a primary school subject has been treated inconsequentially when compared to other subjects. We investigated an aspect of the current state of nutrition education in Ghana by engaging stakeholders about their sources of nutrition information and the perceived barriers in implementing nutrition education in mainstream primary schools. Methods Three hundred and fifty one (351) primary school children, 121 homebased caregivers, six schoolteachers, two headteachers, two Ghana Education Service (GES) officials, and six school cooks were involved in the study. Surveys were used to collect data on nutrition information acquisition behaviors and to record perceived barriers. Key Informant Interviews were conducted among GES officials, headteachers, schoolteachers and school cooks, while Focus Group Discussions were used among homebased caregivers and children to gather qualitative information. Results Only 36.3% of the primary school children had heard about nutrition, and 71% of those got nutrition information from their family members. About 70% of homebased caregivers had heard or seen nutrition messages, and their source of nutrition information was predominantly traditional media. Schoolteachers mostly received their nutrition information from non-governmental organizations and the Internet, while most of the school cooks stated their main source of nutrition information was hospital visits. Perceived barriers included schoolteachers’ knowledge insufficiency, and lack of resources to adequately deliver nutrition education. Lack of a clear policy appeared to be an additional barrier. Conclusion The barriers to the implementation of nutrition education in the mainstream curriculum at the primary school level that were identified in this study can be resolved by: providing schoolteachers with learning opportunities and adequate nutrition education resources for practical delivery, having specific national policy framework, and including family members and school cooks in the nutrition education knowledge and information dissemination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esi Quaidoo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Agartha Ohemeng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Mawuli K. Kushitor
- Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana
| | - Janet Antwi
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Human Ecology, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Moitra P, Verma P, Madan J. Development and validation of a questionnaire measuring knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) to healthy eating and activity patterns in school children (HEAPS). Nutr Health 2021; 27:199-209. [PMID: 33522877 DOI: 10.1177/0260106020982356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of culturally appropriate and psychometrically sound instruments that measure knowledge and health behaviors of children will help to inform appropriate interventions. AIM To develop and test the validity and reliability of a questionnaire measuring knowledge, attitudes, and practices to healthy eating and activity patterns in school children in India. METHODS Review of literature, focus-group discussions, and theoretical constructs of the Health Belief Model guided the development of an item pool. Face and content validity were assessed by children and a panel of experts and the item content validity, item difficulty, and discrimination indices were calculated. Construct validity was determined using the principal axis method of exploratory factor analysis among a cross-sectional sample of children (n=252). Internal consistency (Cronbach α values >0.7) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient values >0.75) were estimated. RESULTS Item content validity index for clarity and relevance were satisfactory (>0.80) and internal consistency for knowledge (Kuder-Richardson 20 = 0.832), attitude (Cronbach's α = 0.912), and practice items (Cronbach's α = 0.769) were good. Four factors (children's eating habits, family dietary practices, and consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods) and two factors (moderate to vigorous activities and sedentary activities) explained 67.7% and 48.2% of the total variance in practice items. Intraclass correlation coefficient estimates ranged from good to excellent (0.72-0.99). CONCLUSIONS The results of the validity and reliability of the 84-item knowledge, attitudes, and practices to healthy eating and activity patterns in schoolchildren questionnaire were promising. The detailed description of the methodology employed may prove useful to researchers conducting similar studies in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchali Moitra
- Department of Food, Nutrition & Dietetics, 210967Sir Vithaldas Thackersey College of Home Science (Autonomous), Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women's University, Mumbai, India
| | - Preeti Verma
- Department of Special Education, Associate Dean, Interdisciplinary Studies, 29551Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women's University, Mumbai, India
| | - Jagmeet Madan
- Department of Food, Nutrition & Dietetics, 210967Sir Vithaldas Thackersey College of Home Science (Autonomous), Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women's University, Mumbai, India
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