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Dores AR, Peixoto M, Castro M, Sá C, Carvalho IP, Martins A, Maia E, Praça I, Marques A. Knowledge and Beliefs about Herb/Supplement Consumption and Herb/Supplement-Drug Interactions among the General Population, including Healthcare Professionals and Pharmacists: A Systematic Review and Guidelines for a Smart Decision System. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102298. [PMID: 37242184 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased consumption of a variety of herbs/supplements has been raising serious health concerns. Owing to an inadequate understanding of herb/supplement-drug interactions, the simultaneous consumption of these products may result in deleterious effects and, in extreme cases, even fatal outcomes. This systematic review is aimed at understanding the knowledge and beliefs about the consumption of herbs/supplements and herb/drug-supplement interactions (HDIs). The study follows the PRISMA guidelines. Four online databases (Web of Science; PubMed; Cochrane; and EBSCOhost) were searched, and a total of 44 studies were included, encompassing 16,929 participants. Herb and supplement consumption is explained mostly by the reported benefits across multiple conditions and ease of use. Regarding HDIs, most people take both herbs/supplements and prescription drugs simultaneously. Only a small percentage of participants have knowledge about their interaction effects, and many reported adverse interactions or side effects. Nevertheless, the main reason for stopping the prescribed drug intake is the perceived lack of its effect, and not due to interactions. Therefore, it is important to increase the knowledge about supplement use so that further strategies can be elaborated to better detect or be alert for whenever a potentially dangerous reaction and/or interaction may occur. This paper raises awareness regarding the need for developing a decision support system and ends with some considerations about the development of a technological solution capable of detecting HDIs and, thereby, aiding in the improvement of pharmacy services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemisa R Dores
- Laboratório de Reabilitação Psicossocial, Centro de Investigação em Reabilitação (CIR), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto (ESS-IPP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Peixoto
- Laboratório de Reabilitação Psicossocial, Centro de Investigação em Reabilitação (CIR), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto (ESS-IPP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Castro
- Laboratório de Reabilitação Psicossocial, Centro de Investigação em Reabilitação (CIR), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto (ESS-IPP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Sá
- Laboratório de Reabilitação Psicossocial, Centro de Investigação em Reabilitação (CIR), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto (ESS-IPP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Irene P Carvalho
- Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Martins
- Research Group on Intelligent Engineering and Computing for Advanced Innovation and Development (GECAD), School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto (ISEP/IPP), 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eva Maia
- Research Group on Intelligent Engineering and Computing for Advanced Innovation and Development (GECAD), School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto (ISEP/IPP), 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Praça
- Research Group on Intelligent Engineering and Computing for Advanced Innovation and Development (GECAD), School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto (ISEP/IPP), 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Marques
- Laboratório de Reabilitação Psicossocial, Centro de Investigação em Reabilitação (CIR), Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto (ESS-IPP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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Roma K, Mohammed S, Sieck B, Naik K, Wahid S. Kratom Induced Acute Liver Injury: A Case Study and the Importance of Herbal Supplement Regulation. J Hepatol 2023:S0168-8278(23)00311-2. [PMID: 37121435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Roma
- Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada.
| | - Salman Mohammed
- Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Blake Sieck
- Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Katrina Naik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Shahid Wahid
- Division of Gastroenterology, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, Nevada
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A Status Review on Health-Promoting Properties and Global Regulation of Essential Oils. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041809. [PMID: 36838797 PMCID: PMC9968027 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, essential oils (EOs) have been known for their therapeutic potential against many health issues. Recent studies suggest that EOs may contribute to the regulation and modulation of various biomarkers and cellular pathways responsible for metabolic health as well as the development of many diseases, including cancer, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and bacterial infections. During metabolic dysfunction and even infections, the immune system becomes compromised and releases pro-inflammatory cytokines that lead to serious health consequences. The bioactive compounds present in EOs (especially terpenoids and phenylpropanoids) with different chemical compositions from fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants confer protection against these metabolic and infectious diseases through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial properties. In this review, we have highlighted some targeted physiological and cellular actions through which EOs may exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial properties. In addition, it has been observed that EOs from specific plant sources may play a significant role in the prevention of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, microbial infections, and increasing breast milk production, along with improvements in heart, liver, and brain health. The current status of the bioactive activities of EOs and their therapeutic effects are covered in this review. However, with respect to the health benefits of EOs, it is very important to regulate the dose and usage of EOs to reduce their adverse health effects. Therefore, we specified that some countries have their own regulatory bodies while others follow WHO and FAO standards and legislation for the use of EOs.
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Saleem U, Chauhdary Z, Islam S, Zafar A, Khayat RO, Althobaiti NA, Shah GM, Alqarni M, Shah MA. Sarcococca saligna ameliorated D-galactose induced neurodegeneration through repression of neurodegenerative and oxidative stress biomarkers. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:717-734. [PMID: 35881299 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01046-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Sarcococca saligna is a valuable source of bioactive secondary metabolites exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. The study was intended to explore the therapeutic pursuits of S. saligna in amelioration of cognitive and motor dysfunctions induced by D-galactose and linked mechanistic pathways. Alzheimer's disease model was prepared by administration of D-galactose subcutaneous injection100 mg/kg and it was treated with rivastigmine (100 mg/kg, orally) and plant extract for 42 days. Cognitive and motor functions were evaluated by behavioral tasks and oxidative stress biomarkers. Level of acetylcholinesterase, reduced level of glutathione, protein and nitrite level, and brain neurotransmitters were analyzed in brain homogenate. The level of apoptosis regulator Bcl-2, Caspases 3 and heat shock protein HSP-70 in brain homogenates were analyzed by ELISA and colorimetric method, respectively. AChE, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-1α and β secretase expressions were analyzed by RT-PCR. S. saligna dose dependently suppressed the neurodegenerative effects of D-galactose induced behavioral and biochemical impairments through modulation of antioxidant enzymes and acetylcholinesterase inhibition. S. saligna markedly (P < 0.05) ameliorated the level of brain neurotransmitters, Bcl-2, HSP-70 and Caspases-3 level. S. saligna at 500-1000 mg/kg considerably recovered the mRNA expression of neurodegenerative and neuro-inflammatory biomarkers, also evident from histopathological analysis. These findings suggest that S. saligna could be applicable in cure of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Zunera Chauhdary
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Islam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aimen Zafar
- University Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rana O Khayat
- Department of Biology, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A Althobaiti
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Al-Quwaiiyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Mujtaba Shah
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Alqarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Govindaram LK, Bratty MA, Alhazmi HA, Kandasamy R, Thangavel N, Ibrahim AM, Mariya GA, Ponnuchamy K. Formulation, biopharmaceutical evaluation and in-vitro screening of polyherbal phytosomes for breast cancer therapy. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 48:552-565. [PMID: 36269296 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2138911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Saudi Arabia has a rich culture of folk medicines and three such common herbs used by Saudi people for therapy of breast cancer are Turmeric (Kurkum) Curcuma longa, Chamomile (Babunaj) Matricaria chamomilla, and Aswaghantha (Aswaghadh) Withania somnifera. Hence, the present study aims to develop a polyherbal phytosome formulation by thin film hydration technique with a synergistic anti-cancer effect for the treatment of breast cancer. The phytosomes were standardized for their phytoconstituents by HPTLC and showed the best optimal properties with a mean vesicle diameter of less than 200 nm, zeta potential in the range of -24.43 to -35.70 mV, and relatively integrated structure with fairly uniform size on TEM. The in vitro MTT assay on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and MDA MB 231 breast adenocarcinoma cell lines was carried out. MTT assay on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines indicated that plant extract-loaded phytosomes exhibited enhanced cytotoxic effects at IC50 values. of 55, 50, 45, 52, 42, 44, and 20µg/mL compared to the extracts of C. longa, M. chamomilla, W. somnifera, and their combined extracts (80, 82, 74, 60, 70, 60, and 35 µg/mL respectively). Moreover, intracellular reactive oxygen species production was found to be higher for phytosomes treated cells at respective IC50 concentrations when compared to extracts. Overall, the developed polyherbal phytosomes were found to be effective and afford synergistic effects for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha K Govindaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Bratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruckmani Kandasamy
- Deaprtment of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, Tiruchirapalli, India
| | - Neelaveni Thangavel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Angum M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gover Antoniraj Mariya
- Deaprtment of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering, Anna University, Tiruchirapalli, India
| | - Kumar Ponnuchamy
- Food Chemistry and Molecular Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India
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Alves ALV, da Silva LS, Faleiros CA, Silva VAO, Reis RM. The Role of Ingenane Diterpenes in Cancer Therapy: From Bioactive Secondary Compounds to Small Molecules. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221105691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diterpenes are a class of critical taxonomic markers of the Euphorbiaceae family, representing small compounds (eg, molecules) with a wide range of biological activities and multi-target therapeutic potential. Diterpenes can exert different activities, including antitumor and multi-drug resistance-reversing activities, and antiviral, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects, mainly due to their great structural diversity. In particular, one polycyclic skeleton has been highlighted: ingenane. Besides this natural diterpene, promising polycyclic skeletons may be submitted to chemical modification—by in silico approaches, chemical reactions, or biotransformation—putatively providing more active analogs (eg, ingenol derivatives), which are currently under pre-clinical investigation. This review outlines the current mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic implications of ingenol diterpenes as small cancer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Laura V. Alves
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Luciane S. da Silva
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Camila A. Faleiros
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Viviane A. O. Silva
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Rui M. Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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Jeong SH, Choi EY, Kim J, Lee C, Kang J, Cho S, Ko KY. LC-ESI-MS/MS Simultaneous Analysis Method Coupled with Cation-Exchange Solid-Phase Extraction for Determination of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids on Five Kinds of Herbal Medicines. J AOAC Int 2021; 104:1514-1525. [PMID: 34297098 PMCID: PMC8665765 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are naturally occurring plant toxins associated with potential hepatic and carcinogenic diseases in humans and animals. The concern over PAs has increased as the consumption of herbal medicines has increased. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop and validate a sensitive analytical method to determine 28 PAs in five herbal medicines using liquid chromatography (LC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Additionally, this study identified and quantified the amount of PAs in 10 samples of each herbal medicine. METHODS The pretreatment in the proposed LC-MS/MS analysis comprised solvent extraction using 0.05M H2SO4 in 50% methanol and clean-up step using an mixed-mode cationic exchange (MCX)-solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. The PA contents in herbal medicines were measured by using the developed method. RESULTS The proposed method had recoveries ranging from 72.5-123.7% for the Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, 70.6-151.7% for Alba Chrysanthmi Flos, 80.6-130.9% for Leonuri Herba, 70.3-122.9% for Gastrodiae Rhizoma, and 67.1-106.9% for Glycyrrhizae Radix. Even though a few samples showed recoveries in unsatisfactory values, the proposed method indicated entirely sufficient recoveries and precision in most samples. In monitoring results, only Leonuri Herba contained two PAs, which indicated Retrorsine (4/10) of 84.7-120.9 μg/kg and Senkirkine (10/10) of 60.9-170.7 μg/kg. CONCLUSION The results obtained from this study demonstrate that the proposed method is fit for purpose to determine 28 PAs in herbal medicines. Therefore it could serve as a regulatory method capable of being used for controlling the risks of PAs in certain medicinal plants and dietary supplements. HIGHLIGHTS An LC-MS/MS method for the determination of 28 pyrrolizidine alkaloids in herbal medicines was developed and validated through this study. The proposed method is considered as an useful method for monitoring pyroolizidine alkaloids in herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hee Jeong
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Choi
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhyun Lee
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhye Kang
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeul Cho
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Yuk Ko
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Osong-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk 28159, Republic of Korea
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Mitchell CA, Dever JT, Gafner S, Griffiths JC, Marsman DS, Rider C, Welch C, Embry MR. The Botanical Safety Consortium: A public-private partnership to enhance the botanical safety toolkit. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 128:105090. [PMID: 34863907 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Botanical dietary supplement use is widespread and growing, therefore, ensuring the safety of botanical products is a public health priority. This commentary describes the mission and objectives of the Botanical Safety Consortium (BSC) - a public-private partnership aimed at enhancing the toolkit for conducting the safety evaluation of botanicals. This partnership is the result of a Memorandum of Understanding between the US FDA, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute. The BSC serves as a global forum for scientists from government, academia, consumer health groups, industry, and non-profit organizations to work collaboratively on adapting and integrating new approach methodologies (NAMs) into routine botanical safety assessments. The objectives of the BSC are to: 1) engage with a group of global stakeholders to leverage scientific safety approaches; 2) establish appropriate levels of chemical characterization for botanicals as complex mixtures; 3) identify pragmatic, fit-for-purpose NAMs to evaluate botanical safety; 4) evaluate the application of these tools via comparison to the currently available safety information on selected botanicals; 5) and integrate these tools into a framework that can facilitate the evaluation of botanicals. Initially, the BSC is focused on oral exposure from dietary supplements, but this scope could be expanded in future phases of work. This commentary provides an overview of the structure, goals, and strategies of this initiative and insights regarding our first objectives, namely the selection and prioritization of botanicals based on putative toxicological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cynthia Rider
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Cara Welch
- US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Michelle R Embry
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA
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Discovery of Natural Veterinary Herbal Medicine Products in Commercial Cow Milk by Using Nontargeted Profiling on LC–ESI–TOF Platform. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Javed A, Naeem I, Benkerroum N, Riaz M, Akhtar S, Ismail A, Sajid M, Tayyab Khan M, Ismail Z. Occurrence and Health Risk Assessment of Aflatoxins through Intake of Eastern Herbal Medicines Collected from Four Districts of Southern Punjab-Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9531. [PMID: 34574455 PMCID: PMC8466447 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Eastern herbal medicines (HMs) are plant-derived naturally occurring substances with minimum or no industrial processing that have long been used in traditional medicine. Aflatoxins are frequent contaminants of plants. Therefore, these mycotoxins are likely to contaminate HMs and pose a health risk to individuals using them on a regular basis as preventive or curative treatments of various diseases. The present study aimed to determine aflatoxin levels in the most popular Pakistani HM formulations and to assess the health risk associated with the intake of aflatoxins. A total of 400 samples of HM formulations collected from four districts of Punjab were analyzed for the quantification of aflatoxins, out of which 52.5% were found to be contaminated. The average daily dose (ADD) of AFB1 and AFs through the intake of HM formulations ranged between 0.00483 and 0.118 ng/kg bw/day and between 0.00579 and 1.714 ng/kg bw/day, respectively. The margin of exposure (MOE) and population cancer risk ranged from 99.49 to 29378.8 and from 0.00011 to 0.0325 liver cancer cases/105 individuals/year (0.0075-2.455 liver cancer cases/105 individuals/75 years), respectively. Despite the low exposure to aflatoxins from HM formulations in the four studied Punjab (Pakistan) districts, the frequent contamination of the analyzed samples suggests that official measures should be considered to manage the associated risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqib Javed
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (A.J.); (I.N.); (M.R.); (S.A.); (M.T.K.); (Z.I.)
| | - Iqra Naeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (A.J.); (I.N.); (M.R.); (S.A.); (M.T.K.); (Z.I.)
| | - Noreddine Benkerroum
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 93 Mount Edward Rd Charlottetown, Charlottetown, PE C1A 5T1, Canada
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (A.J.); (I.N.); (M.R.); (S.A.); (M.T.K.); (Z.I.)
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (A.J.); (I.N.); (M.R.); (S.A.); (M.T.K.); (Z.I.)
| | - Amir Ismail
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (A.J.); (I.N.); (M.R.); (S.A.); (M.T.K.); (Z.I.)
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Tayyab Khan
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (A.J.); (I.N.); (M.R.); (S.A.); (M.T.K.); (Z.I.)
- Nishter Medical Hospital, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Ismail
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (A.J.); (I.N.); (M.R.); (S.A.); (M.T.K.); (Z.I.)
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Nadareishvili I, Pkhakadze G, Japiashvili N, Lunze K. Regulatory environment for complementary and alternative medicine in Georgia-a health policy analysis. Int J Health Plann Manage 2021; 36:1038-1051. [PMID: 33735447 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
International bodies such as the WHO call on member states to regulate and, where possible, integrate Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) into health systems, to the benefit and safety of patients. Research on CAM regulations in the Republic of Georgia has been limited. The aim of this study was to identify key actors and analyse the regulatory environment for CAM in Georgia in its local and international contexts. We conducted a health policy analysis using a triangle framework of content, context and processes. We used data from national government, professional associations and academia; and drew from primary qualitative data of stakeholders' perspectives and needs regarding CAM in Georgia. The several CAM associations we identified have limited capacities for self-regulation. CAM practices are currently not effectively regulated in Georgia, while the government has no expressed intention to develop regulatory frameworks. Georgia's CAM health policy is currently not compliant with WHO and European directives and recommendations. Government, lawmakers, public administration, academia, physicians, non-physician CAM practitioners and other actors should constitute a national working group dedicated to CAM regulations in Georgia to identify, classify CAM practices; and develop core principles for policy making for safe and effective CAM practiced in Georgia's health system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karsten Lunze
- Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kwedi Nolna S, Ntonè R, Fouda Mbarga N, Mbainda S, Mutangala W, Boua B, Niba M, Okoko A. Integration of Traditional Healers in Human African Trypanosomiasis Case Finding in Central Africa: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Trop Med Infect Dis 2020; 5:E172. [PMID: 33212918 PMCID: PMC7709689 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5040172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the premise that Africans in rural areas seek health care from traditional healers, this study investigated a collaborative model between traditional healers and the national Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) programs across seven endemic foci in seven central African countries by measuring the model's contribution to HAT case finding. METHOD Traditional healers were recruited and trained by health professionals to identify HAT suspects based on its basics signs and symptoms and to refer them to the National Sleeping Sickness Control Program (NSSCP) for testing and confirmatory diagnosis. RESULTS 35 traditional healers were recruited and trained, 28 finally participated in this study (80%) and referred 278 HAT suspects, of which 20 (7.19%) were CATT positive for the disease. Most cases originated from Bandundu (45%) in the Democratic Republic of Congo and from Ngabe (35%) in Congo. Twelve (4.32%) patients had confirmatory diagnosis. Although a statistically significant difference was not shown in terms of case finding (p = 0.56), traditional healers were able to refer confirmed HAT cases that were ultimately cared for by NCSSPs. CONCLUSION Integrating traditional healers in the control program of HAT will likely enhance the detection of cases, thereby, eventually contributing to the elimination of HAT in the most affected communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Kwedi Nolna
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Capacity for Leadership Excellence and Research (CLEAR), Yaoundé, Cameroon;
| | - Rodrigue Ntonè
- Epicentre, Medecins Sans Frontières, Yaoundé, Cameroon; (R.N.); (N.F.M.)
| | | | | | - Willy Mutangala
- Ministry of Health, National HAT Program, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo;
| | - Bernard Boua
- Ministry of Health, National HAT Program, Bangui, Central African Republic;
| | - Miriam Niba
- Capacity for Leadership Excellence and Research (CLEAR), Yaoundé, Cameroon;
| | - Aline Okoko
- Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endemies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), Yaoundé, Cameroon;
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Ćwieląg‐Drabek M, Piekut A, Szymala I, Oleksiuk K, Razzaghi M, Osmala W, Jabłońska K, Dziubanek G. Health risks from consumption of medicinal plant dietary supplements. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:3535-3544. [PMID: 32724616 PMCID: PMC7382111 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the heavy metal contents of dietary supplements manufactured from medicinal plants and assess the potential daily burden on their consumers. The study consisted of 41 dietary supplements produced from terrestrial plants or microalgae. The analysis of cadmium, lead, and mercury content was performed using analytical methods. The content of Cd and Pb was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The mercury content was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry with the generation of cold mercury vapor (CVAAS). The presence of at least one of the three analyzed heavy metals was found in 79.2% samples of supplements produced from terrestrial plants and in 88.2% supplement samples produced from microalgae. Hazard quotient was used to calculate noncarcinogenic risk for humans by ingestion of dietary supplements containing heavy metals. From among all supplements, 68.3% of samples were contaminated with Cd and Pb (this does not always apply to the same samples) and 29.3% of samples were contaminated with Hg. The health risk assessment of consumers of dietary supplements showed, in an extreme case, that taking this supplement for only one week poses a health risk associated with exposure to Pb. The health risk associated with the intake of dietary supplements primarily depends on the duration of consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Ćwieląg‐Drabek
- Department of Environmental HealthFaculty of Health Sciences in BytomMedical University of SilesiaKatowicePoland
| | - Agata Piekut
- Department of Environmental HealthFaculty of Health Sciences in BytomMedical University of SilesiaKatowicePoland
| | - Iwona Szymala
- Provincial Sanitary and Epidemiological StationKatowicePoland
| | - Klaudia Oleksiuk
- Department of EpidemiologyFaculty of Health Sciences in BytomMedical University of SilesiaKatowicePoland
| | - Mehdi Razzaghi
- Department of Mathematical and Digital SciencesBloomsburg UniversityBloomsburgPAUSA
| | - Weronika Osmala
- Department of Environmental HealthFaculty of Health Sciences in BytomMedical University of SilesiaKatowicePoland
| | - Konstancja Jabłońska
- Department of Environmental HealthFaculty of Health Sciences in BytomMedical University of SilesiaKatowicePoland
| | - Grzegorz Dziubanek
- Department of Environmental HealthFaculty of Health Sciences in BytomMedical University of SilesiaKatowicePoland
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Oyenihi AB, Smith C. Are polyphenol antioxidants at the root of medicinal plant anti-cancer success? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 229:54-72. [PMID: 30287197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Given the severe side effects associated with most of the conventional cancer medications, as well as the expanding body of evidence indicating secondary toxicity of these drugs, individuals with cancer are increasingly turning to natural alternatives. Similarly, the pharmaceutical industry is in search of natural products to treat cancer. An understanding of the specific active components in plant products with which anti-cancer efficacy is achieved is required for this research to move forward. AIM OF THE STUDY To integrate data from cancer-relatestudies on plant-derived products or extracts, to elucidate whether these products may have similar active ingredients and/or mechanisms of action, that can explain their efficacy. This review also includes a discussion of the methodological complexities and important considerations involved in accurate isolation and characterisation of active substances from plant material. CONCLUSIONS From the literature reviewed, most plant products with consistently reported anti-cancer efficacy contains high levels of polyphenols or other potent antioxidants and their mechanisms of action correlate to that reported for isolated antioxidants in the context of cancer. This suggests that natural products may indeed become the panacea against this chronic disease - either as therapeutic medicine strategy or to serve as templates for the design of novel synthetic drugs. The recommendation is made that antioxidant activity of plant actives and especially polyphenols, should be the focus of anti-cancer drug discovery initiatives. Lastly, researchers are advised to exploit current techniques of chemical compound characterisation when investigating polyphenol-rich plants to enable the easy consolidation of research findings from different laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Oyenihi
- Dept Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - C Smith
- Dept Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa.
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15
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Masarkar N, Mukherjee S, Goel SK, Nema R. Naturally Derived Formulations and Prospects towards Cancer. Health (London) 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2019.117078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Li J, Zhu J, Hu H, Harnett JE, Lei CI, Chau KY, Chan G, Ung COL. Internationalization of Traditional/Complementary Medicine products: market entry as medicine. Chin Med 2018; 13:50. [PMID: 30337951 PMCID: PMC6182808 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Internationalization of Traditional/Complementary Medicine (T&CM) products is important for initiating and sustaining developments in this field. Particularly for traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), the global market continues to expand due to an interest in the potential clinical benefits of traditional approaches that are largely considered lower risk and lower cost than many conventional treatments. While the benefits of internationalization hold clear advantages for the business of T&CM products, keeping abreast of regulatory processes in different countries and regions that regularly revise market entry requirements is challenging. At present, the regulations of T&CM products are country specific and largely based on a risk-based assessment with a focus on protecting the consumer. To date, systematic analysis of these regulatory differences between countries and regions is limited. Publically available information about the legal requirements for the market entry of T&CM products were obtained from the relevant regulatory authority’s websites for selected countries and regions (Macau-China, Hong Kong-China, Singapore, Australia, Canada, the European countries and the US). The market entry requirements in terms of quality, safety and efficacy of T&CM products for each country were analyzed and compared. Major differences were identified in the classification of T&CM products, market entry pathways, requirements of compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices; and level of evidence to demonstrate safety and efficacy based on historical use, non-clinical and clinical studies. Variations in the evaluation standards adopted by regulatory authorities pose a number of barriers and opportunities for the internationalization of T&CM products and have great implications for internationalization of TCMs from the sponsors’ and the regulators’ perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatong Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao
| | - Jianfan Zhu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao
| | - Hao Hu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao
| | - Joanna E Harnett
- 2The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Ging Chan
- 1State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao
| | - Carolina Oi Lam Ung
- 1State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao.,2The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Pharmaceutical Society of Macau, Taipa, Macau
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Grundmann O, Brown PN, Henningfield J, Swogger M, Walsh Z. The therapeutic potential of kratom. Addiction 2018; 113:1951-1953. [PMID: 29949213 DOI: 10.1111/add.14371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Grundmann
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Paula N Brown
- Natural Health and Food Products Research Group, BC Institute of Technology, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Jack Henningfield
- Pinney Associates, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marc Swogger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Zach Walsh
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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18
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International Comparison of Five Herbal Medicine Registration Systems to Inform Regulation Development: United Kingdom, Germany, United States of America, United Arab Emirates and Kingdom of Bahrain. Pharmaceut Med 2018; 32:39-49. [PMID: 29456449 PMCID: PMC5801395 DOI: 10.1007/s40290-018-0223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Herbal medicine (HM) regulation is less developed than that of allopathic medicines, with some countries lacking specific regulations. Objective For the purpose of informing a registration system for HMs in Kuwait, which does not manufacture but imports all HMs, this study compared the similarities and differences between the current HM registration systems of five countries. Methods The five countries were selected as major source countries of HM in Kuwait (United Kingdom (UK), Germany and United States of America (USA)) or because of geographical proximity or size and approach (United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Kingdom of Bahrain). Documentary analysis of HM classification systems was performed by reviewing the regulatory and law documentation of these countries’ drug regulatory authority websites. Data on HM definition, classification and the main requirements for registration were extracted and analysed for similarities and differences. Results There was diversity in the classification of HMs across all five countries including terms used, definitions, type of law, requirements, restrictions and preparation type. The regulatory authorities of the UK, Germany, UAE and Kingdom of Bahrain offer simplified registration for HMs, where plausible efficacy as a result of established traditional use is sufficient. In USA, the concept of traditional use does not exist, instead, the product can be categorised as a dietary supplement where no assessment or evaluation is required prior to marketing. Conclusions Owing to the inconsistencies in how drug regulatory authorities define HMs, it will be important to design a clear definition of what constitutes a HM in Kuwait, which is a country that does not produce and register its own products but assesses products registered elsewhere.
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Lira SM, Canabrava NV, Benjamin SR, Silva JYG, Viana DA, Lima CLS, Paredes PFM, Marques MMM, Pereira EO, Queiroz EAM, Guedes MIF. Evaluation of the toxicity and hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous extracts of Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e6361. [PMID: 28876366 PMCID: PMC5579966 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic degenerative diseases, and it is estimated to increase worldwide to around 415 million and to impact 642 million in 2040. Research shows that some plants are sources of bioactive compounds against diabetes. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the oral toxicity and the hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl. Diabetes was induced in Swiss mice with streptozotocin and the mice were treated with an aqueous extract of C. quercifolius leaves for a period of 30 days. Phytochemical analysis showed that the extract was rich in flavonoids, catechins and triterpenoid, which did not show any mortality and behavioral alterations in mice treated with 200, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight of the extract for 14 days. Histopathological analysis of organs (kidney, pancreas, liver) from mice treated with the 2000 mg/kg extract revealed no architectural change. In the present study, we found a 29% reduction in glucose levels in animals receiving 200 mg/kg body weight. These results are very promising because they showed that C. quercifolius had a hypoglycemic effect and did not present oral toxicity, thus being a new source of compounds for the control of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Lira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - N V Canabrava
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - S R Benjamin
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J Y G Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - D A Viana
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Pathovet, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - C L S Lima
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - P F M Paredes
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - M M M Marques
- Laboratório de Parasitologia e Ecologia de Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Picos, PI, Brasil
| | - E O Pereira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - E A M Queiroz
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - M I F Guedes
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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20
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Kundap UP, Bhuvanendran S, Kumari Y, Othman I, Shaikh MF. Plant Derived Phytocompound, Embelin in CNS Disorders: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:76. [PMID: 28289385 PMCID: PMC5326771 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A Central nervous system (CNS) disease is the one which affects either the spinal cord or brain and causing neurological or psychiatric complications. During the nineteenth century, modern medicines have occupied the therapy for many ailments and are widely used these days. Herbal medicines have often maintained popularity for historical and cultural reasons and also considered safer as they originate from natural sources. Embelin is a plant-based benzoquinone which is the major active constituent of the fruits of Embelia ribes Burm. It is an Indo-Malaysian species, extensively used in various traditional medicine systems for treating various diseases. Several natural products including quinone derivatives, which are considered to possess better safety and efficacy profile, are known for their CNS related activity. The bright orange hydroxybenzoquinone embelin-rich fruits of E. ribes have become popular in ethnomedicine. The present systematic review summarizes the effects of embelin on central nervous system and related diseases. A PRISMA model for systematic review was utilized for search. Various electronic databases such as Pubmed, Springer, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched between January 2000 and February 2016. Based on the search criteria for the literature, 13 qualified articles were selected and discussed in this review. The results of the report showed that there is a lack of translational research and not a single study was found in human. This report gives embelin a further way to be explored in clinical trials for its safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday P Kundap
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saatheeyavaane Bhuvanendran
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yatinesh Kumari
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia Selangor, Malaysia
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21
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Kang YM, Komakech R, Karigar CS, Saqib A. Traditional Indian medicine (TIM) and traditional Korean medicine (TKM): aconstitutional-based concept and comparison. Integr Med Res 2017; 6:105-113. [PMID: 28664134 PMCID: PMC5478252 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) plays an integral role in providing health care worldwide. It is based on sound fundamental principles and centuries of practices. This study compared traditional Indian medicine (TIM) and traditional Korean medicine (TKM) basing on data obtained from peer reviewed articles, respective government institutional reports and World Health Organization reports. Despite the fact that TIM and TKM have individual qualities that are unique from each other including different histories of origin, they share a lot in common. Apart from Homeopathy in TIM, both systems are hinged on similar principle of body constitutional-based concept and similar disease diagnosis methods of mainly auscultation, palpation, visual inspection, and interrogation. Similarly, the treatment methods of TIM and TKM follow similar patterns involving use of medicinal herbs, moxibustion, acupuncture, cupping, and manual therapy. Both T&CM are majorly practiced in well-established hospitals by T&CM doctors who have undergone an average of 6–7 years of specialized trainings. However, unlike TIM which has less insurance coverage, the popularity of TKM is majorly due to its wide national insurance coverage. These two medical traditions occupy increasingly greater portion of the global market. However, TIM especially Ayurveda has gained more global recognition than TKM although the emergence of Sasang Constitutional Medicine in TKM is beginning to become more popular. This comparative analysis between TIM and TKM may provide vital and insightful contribution towards constitutional-based concept for further development and future studies in T&CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Kang
- K-Herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.,Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard Komakech
- Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Asma Saqib
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharani's Science College for Women, Bangalore, India
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22
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Avigan MI, Mozersky RP, Seeff LB. Scientific and Regulatory Perspectives in Herbal and Dietary Supplement Associated Hepatotoxicity in the United States. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:331. [PMID: 26950122 PMCID: PMC4813193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the United States (US), the risk of hepatotoxicity linked to the widespread use of certain herbal products has gained increased attention among regulatory scientists. Based on current US law, all dietary supplements sold domestically, including botanical supplements, are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a special category of foods. Under this designation, regulatory scientists do not routinely evaluate the efficacy of these products prior to their marketing, despite the content variability and phytochemical complexity that often characterizes them. Nonetheless, there has been notable progress in the development of advanced scientific methods to qualitatively and quantitatively measure ingredients and screen for contaminants and adulterants in botanical products when hepatotoxicity is recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark I Avigan
- Office of Pharmacovigilance and Epidemiology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
| | - Robert P Mozersky
- Office of Dietary Supplement Products, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
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Abstract
Regulated differently than drugs or foods, the market for botanical dietary supplements continues to grow worldwide. The recently implemented U.S. FDA regulation that all botanical dietary supplements must be produced using good manufacturing practice is an important step toward enhancing the safety of these products, but additional safeguards could be implemented, and unlike drugs, there are currently no efficacy requirements. To ensure a safe and effective product, botanical dietary supplements should be developed in a manner analogous to pharmaceuticals that involves identification of mechanisms of action and active constituents, chemical standardization based on the active compounds, biological standardization based on pharmacological activity, preclinical evaluation of toxicity and potential for drug-botanical interactions, metabolism of active compounds, and finally, clinical studies of safety and efficacy. Completing these steps will enable the translation of botanicals from the field to safe human use as dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. van Breemen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research,
Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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Toma W, Guimarães LL, Brito AR, Santos AR, Cortez FS, Pusceddu FH, Cesar A, Júnior LS, Pacheco MT, Pereira CD. Safflower oil: an integrated assessment of phytochemistry, antiulcerogenic activity, and rodent and environmental toxicity. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Stussman BJ, Bethell CD, Gray C, Nahin RL. Development of the adult and child complementary medicine questionnaires fielded on the National Health Interview Survey. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:328. [PMID: 24267412 PMCID: PMC3882880 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The 2002, 2007, and 2012 complementary medicine questionnaires fielded on the National Health Interview Survey provide the most comprehensive data on complementary medicine available for the United States. They filled the void for large-scale, nationally representative, publicly available datasets on the out-of-pocket costs, prevalence, and reasons for use of complementary medicine in the U.S. Despite their wide use, this is the first article describing the multi-faceted and largely qualitative processes undertaken to develop the surveys. We hope this in-depth description enables policy makers and researchers to better judge the content validity and utility of the questionnaires and their resultant publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Stussman
- National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christina D Bethell
- School of Medicine, Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Caroline Gray
- Palo Alto Medical Center, Health Policy Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Richard L Nahin
- National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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26
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Research and development for botanical products in medicinals and food supplements market. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:649720. [PMID: 23606886 PMCID: PMC3625613 DOI: 10.1155/2013/649720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Botanical products sold in the health area are generally intended as drugs, medicinal products, food supplements or substances for therapeutic use. Use of botanicals for improving or to care human health has evolved independently in different countries worldwide. Regulatory issues regarding botanical products designed for the food supplements or medicinal market and their influence on research and development are discussed. European Union (EU) and United States (US) policies regulating these products are focused with comments on the legislations delivered during the last ten years and differences existing in rules between these countries are emphasized. Research and development on botanical products nowdays strongly influenced by the product destination in the market. Addressed and differentiated research for either food supplements or medicinal markets is necessary to purchase data really useful for assessment of safe and effective use for both the categories. The main objective is to catalyze interest of academic and companies' researchers on crucial aspects to be taken into account in the research for the development of botanical products.
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