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Sikder MM. Ayurvedic Medicine: A Traditional Medical System and Its Heavy Metal Poisoning. Chonnam Med J 2024; 60:97-104. [PMID: 38841605 PMCID: PMC11148304 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2024.60.2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ayurveda is one of the oldest and most widely practiced traditional medical systems in the world. The ancient knowledge in this traditional medical system has yet to be fully explored. The interaction of rich knowledge from various traditional systems of medicine can open new pathways in the herbal drug discovery process. Apart from other hurdles in discovering plant-based medicines, the lack of knowledge of the differences and similarities between the theoretical doctrines of these systems is the greatest impediment to their convergence. Rasashastra is an Ayurvedic medicine section that deals with formulations that include minerals/metals, particularly Parad (mercury). According to the Ayurvedic Formulary of India, the most widely used heavy metals are mercury, arsenic, and lead. However, contemporary scientists are concerned about the use of heavy metals in Ayurvedic preparation. In this review article, we will discuss Ayurvedic medicine and the toxic effects of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mamun Sikder
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Khan MRUZ, Trivedi V. Molecular modelling, docking and network analysis of phytochemicals from Haritaki churna: role of protein cross-talks for their action. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:4297-4312. [PMID: 37288779 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2220036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals are bioactive agents present in medicinal plants with therapeutic values. Phytochemicals isolated from plants target multiple cellular processes. In the current work, we have used fractionation techniques to identify 13 bioactive polyphenols in ayurvedic medicine Haritaki Churna. Employing the advanced spectroscopic and fractionation, structure of bioactive polyphenols was determined. Blasting the phytochemical structure allow us to identify a total of 469 protein targets from Drug bank and Binding DB. Phytochemicals with their protein targets from Drug bank was used to create a phytochemical-protein network comprising of 394 nodes and 1023 edges. It highlights the extensive cross-talk between protein target corresponding to different phytochemicals. Analysis of protein targets from Binding data bank gives a network comprised of 143 nodes and 275 edges. Taking the data together from Drug bank and binding data, seven most prominent drug targets (HSP90AA1, c-Src kinase, EGFR, Akt1, EGFR, AR, and ESR-α) were found to be target of the phytochemicals. Molecular modelling and docking experiment indicate that phytochemicals are fitting nicely into active site of the target proteins. The binding energy of the phytochemicals were better than the inhibitors of these protein targets. The strength and stability of the protein ligand complexes were further confirmed using molecular dynamic simulation studies. Further, the ADMET profiles of phytochemicals extracted from HCAE suggests that they can be potential drug targets. The phytochemical cross-talk was further proven by choosing c-Src as a model. HCAE down regulated c-Src and its downstream protein targets such as Akt1, cyclin D1 and vimentin. Hence, network analysis followed by molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and in-vitro studies clearly highlight the role of protein network and subsequent selection of drug candidate based on network pharmacology.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rafi Uz Zama Khan
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Vishal Trivedi
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Prakash VB, Sati ST, Rao YK, Prakash S, Negi N. Immunomodulatory Effects of a Herbo-Mineral Ayurvedic Formulation in Experimental Models. Cureus 2024; 16:e58913. [PMID: 38800281 PMCID: PMC11120017 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ayurveda, an ancient Indian system of medicine, encapsulates comprehensive principles and formulations for disease prevention and treatment. A herbo-mineral Ayurvedic formulation, IMMBO, comprising Mandoor Bhasma and 18 herbs has shown promising results in treating allergic rhinitis in clinical studies. OBJECTIVE This discussed series of experimental studies were conducted to explore the immuno-modulatory potential of IMMBO. METHODOLOGY A series of experimental studies were carried out in immunosuppressed rats to explore the immune-modulatory effects of IMMBO. RESULTS IMMBO was effective in reinstating neutrophil activation, stimulating cellular and humoral immunity, and counteracting immunosuppression at the molecular level. The modulation of key signalling molecules, including tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κb), showcased the formulation's multifaceted impact. Additionally, its ability to block histamine release suggests potential in controlling allergic states, positioning it as a promising therapeutic candidate for immune-related disorders. However, the precise mode of action remains elusive, warranting further in-depth pharmacological studies. CONCLUSION This research substantiates the ancient Ayurvedic wisdom using modern scientific parameters, endorsing IMMBO's potential as an immune-modulatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidya B Prakash
- Immunology, Vaidya Chandra Prakash Cancer (VCPC) Research Foundation, Rudrapur, IND
| | - Sneha T Sati
- Clinical Research, Vaidya Chandra Prakash Cancer (VCPC) Research Foundation, Rudrapur, IND
| | - Yashwant K Rao
- Pediatrics, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, IND
| | - Shikha Prakash
- Medicine, Padaav - Specialty Ayurvedic Treatment Centre, Rudrapur, IND
| | - Neha Negi
- Clinical Research, Padaav - Specialty Ayurvedic Treatment Centre, Rudrapur, IND
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Hemavathi KN, Skariyachan S, Raju R, Keshava Prasad TS, Abhinand CS. Computational screening of potential anti-inflammatory leads from Jeevaneeya Rasayana plants targeting COX-2 and 5- LOX by molecular docking and dynamic simulation approaches. Comput Biol Med 2024; 171:108164. [PMID: 38412690 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a pivotal role in various pathological processes, ranging from routine injuries and infections to cancer. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) are two major enzymes involved in the formation of lipid mediators of inflammation, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, through the arachidonic acid pathway. Despite the frequent use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for managing inflammatory disorders by inhibiting these enzymes, there is a wide spectrum of adverse effects linked to their usage. Jeevaneeya Rasayana (JR), a polyherbal formulation traditionally used in India, is renowned for its anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to identify the potential phytocompounds in JR plants against COX-2 and 5-LOX, utilizing molecular docking and dynamic simulations. Among the 429 identified phytocompounds retrieved from publicly available data sources, Terrestribisamide and 1-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine have shown potential binding affinity and favorable interactions with COX-2 and 5-LOX arachidonic acid binding sites. The physicochemical properties and ADMET profiles of these compounds determined their drug-likeness and pharmacokinetics features. Additional validation using molecular dynamics simulations, SASA, Rg, and MM-PBSA binding energy calculations affirmed the stability of the complex formed between those compounds with target proteins. Together, the study identified the effectual binding potential of those bioactive compounds against COX-2 and 5-LOX, providing a viable approach for the development of effective anti-inflammatory medications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sinosh Skariyachan
- Department of Microbiology, St. Pius X College, Rajapuram, Kasaragod, India
| | - Rajesh Raju
- Center for Integrative Omics Data Science, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | | | - Chandran S Abhinand
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India.
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Chen RP, Soren AD, Yadav AK. Anthelmintic evaluation of three ayurvedic formulations: a transmission electron microscopy study in Raillietina sp. (Cestoda). J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:837-842. [PMID: 38009143 PMCID: PMC10667176 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01630-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ayurveda is one of the ancient traditional medicine systems in India. However, several Ayurvedic medicines lack scientific evidence about their efficacy. This study reports the in vitro anthelmintic effects of three common Ayurvedic formulations, Krimimudgar Ras, Kriminol, and Birangasav on a poultry cestode Raillietina sp., using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Adult cestodes were exposed to different concentrations of Ayurvedic formulations and the paralyzed parasites from the highest concentration (50 mg/mL) of Ayurvedic formulations, the reference anthelmintic praziquantel (PZQ) together with control were picked up and processed for TEM. The TEM studies of control cestode parasites revealed a normal arrangement of microthrix layer, basal lamina, longitudinal muscle layer, and a normal nucleus and mitochondria. Importantly, the cestodes that were exposed to 50 mg/mL concentration of Krimimudgar Ras revealed the most prominent ultrastructural alterations in the body of parasites in the form of a disrupted microthrix layer, basal lamina, muscle layer and mitochondria. The nucleus also appeared dense and irregular in shape with scattered chromatin and disrupted nuclear membrane. Kriminol-treated worms revealed considerably less damage, whereas Birangasav-treated worms revealed destructive effects in microthrix layer, nucleus and mitochondria. Through the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that of the three common Ayurvedic formulations studied, Krimimudgar Ras causes maximum degree of internal alterations in cestode parasites and thus may be considered as a good anthelmintic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Parkordor Chen
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022 India
| | - Amar Deep Soren
- Department of Zoology, B. Borooah College, Guwahati, 781007 India
| | - Arun K. Yadav
- Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022 India
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Tiwari R, Mishra S, Danaboina G, Pratap Singh Jadaun G, Kalaivani M, Kalaiselvan V, Dhobi M, Raghuvanshi RS. Comprehensive chemo-profiling of coumarins enriched extract derived from Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa fruit pulp, as an anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory agent. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101708. [PMID: 37564748 PMCID: PMC10410585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa is an Indian medicinal plant known for its vast therapeutic activities. In Ayurveda, the plant is known to balance "vata," "pitta," and "kapha" dosh. Recent studies suggest anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-diabetic potential but lack in defining the dosage over the therapeutic activities. This study aims to determine the chemical profile of Aegle marmelos fruit extract; identification, enrichment, and characterization of the principal active component(s) having anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic potential. Targeted enrichment of total coumarins, focusing on marmelosin, marmesin, aegeline, psoralen, scopoletin, and umbelliferone, was done from Aegle marmelos fruit pulp, and characterized using advanced high-throughput techniques. In vitro and in silico anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities were assessed to confirm their efficacy and affinity as anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory agents. The target compounds were also analysed for toxicity by in silico ADMET study and in vitro MTT assay on THP-1 and A549 cell lines. The coumarins enrichment process designed, was found specific for coumarins isolation as it resulted into 48.61% of total coumarins enrichment, which includes 31.2% marmelosin, 8.9% marmesin, 4% psoralen, 2% scopoletin, 1.7% umbelliferone, and 0.72% aegeline. The quantification with HPTLC and qNMR was found to be correlated with the HPLC assay results. The present study validates the potential use of Aegle marmelos as an anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic agent. Coumarins enriched from the plant fruit have good therapeutic activity and can be used for Phytopharmaceutical ingredient development. The study is novel, in which coumarins were enriched and characterized by a simple and sophisticated methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Tiwari
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Smita Mishra
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gnanabhaskar Danaboina
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Gaurav Pratap Singh Jadaun
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - M. Kalaivani
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vivekanandan Kalaiselvan
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mahaveer Dhobi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Rajeev S Raghuvanshi
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Drugs Controller General of India, Central Drugs Standard Control Organization, FDA Bhawan, Kotla Road, New Delhi 110002, India
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Halayal RY, Bagewadi ZK, Maliger RB, Al Jadidi S, Deshpande SH. Network pharmacology based anti-diabetic attributes of bioactive compounds from Ocimum gratissimum L . through computational approach. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103766. [PMID: 37588570 PMCID: PMC10425415 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present research was framed to determine the key compounds present in the plant Ocimum gratissimum L. targeting protein molecules of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) by employing In-silico approaches. Phytochemicals previously reported to be present in this herb were collated through literature survey and public phytochemical databases, and their probable targets were anticipated using BindingDB (p ≥ 0.7). STRING and KEGG pathway databases were employed for pathway enrichment analysis. Homology modelling was executed to elucidate the structures of therapeutic targets. Further, Phytocompounds from O. gratissimum were subjected for docking with four therapeutic targets of DM by using AutoDock vina through POAP pipeline implementation. 30 compounds were predicted to target 136 protein molecules including aldose reductase, DPP4, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase. Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, MAPK, PI3K-Akt, starch and insulin resistance were predicted to have potentially modulation by phytocompounds. Based on the phytocompound's binding score with the four targets of DM, Rutin scored the lowest binding energy (-11 kcal/mol) with Aldose reductase by forming 17 intermolecular interactions. In conclusion, based on the network and binding score, phytocompounds from O. gratissimum have a synergistic and considerable effect in the management of DM via multi-compound, multi-target, and multi-pathway mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Y. Halayal
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka 580031, India
| | - Zabin K. Bagewadi
- Department of Biotechnology, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka 580031, India
| | - Raju B. Maliger
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (MIE), University of Technology & Applied Sciences, Muscat, Oman
| | - Salim Al Jadidi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (MIE), University of Technology & Applied Sciences, Muscat, Oman
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Afzal M, Khan AS, Zeshan B, Riaz M, Ejaz U, Saleem A, Zaineb R, Sindhu HA, Yean CY, Ahmed N. Characterization of Bioactive Compounds and Novel Proteins Derived from Promising Source Citrullus colocynthis along with In-Vitro and In-Vivo Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041743. [PMID: 36838731 PMCID: PMC9960351 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal products are preferable to synthetic medicines, and the use of traditional medicines is increasing day-by-day. The current study was designed to evaluate the potentials of bioactive compounds from Citrullus colocynthis by performing FTIR, HPLC, and GC-MS analyses, which explore the good concentration of the secondary metabolites, such as gallic acid (74.854 ppm), vanillic acid (122.616 ppm), and ferulic acid (101.045 ppm) with considerable bioactivities. Antimicrobial protein was estimated by performing SDS-PAGE, ranging from 15 to 70 kDa in all protein fractions. The current study also checked the cytotoxicity of the bioactive compounds in the active fraction of C. colocynthis, and to perform this activity, the groups of rats were arranged with 16 rats randomly divided into four groups (three experimental and one control) by administering various dosage of methanolic fractions in dose-dependent manner. Histopathology was conducted on the livers of the rats after 15 days of sacrifice under deep anesthesia. In liver cell slides examined at the maximum dose of 600 mg/kg, minimal morphological changes, such as slight ballooning, nuclear variation, vacuolar degeneration, and hydropic degeneration, were observed. Furthermore, the in silico analysis identified bioactive compounds as potential drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Anis Shahzad Khan
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Basit Zeshan
- Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Sandakan 90509, Sabah, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Umer Ejaz
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Saleem
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rida Zaineb
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Akram Sindhu
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Chan Yean Yean
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Waghmare CS, Bidve SR, Gudi RV, Nalawade ML, Chawda MB. Assessment of Chronic Toxicity of an Ayurvedic Herbo-Metallic Formulation Rasaraj Rasa in Wistar Rats. J Pharmacopuncture 2022; 25:354-363. [PMID: 36628344 PMCID: PMC9806152 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2022.25.4.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to assess the adverse effects of Rasaraj Rasa tablets after repeated oral administration for 180 days in Wistar rats. Methods Wistar rats were divided into five groups, of which three were treated with 54, 162, and 270 mg/kg body weight of Rasaraj Rasa, respectively, which correspond to one, three, and five times the proposed human therapeutic dose, for 180 days consecutively. The fifth group (satellite) also received 270 mg/kg body weight of Rasaraj Rasa for 180 days. Body weight and food intake were measured weekly. At the end of the study, all rats were sacrificed, and their blood, serum, and organs were collected and examined using hematology, serum biochemistry, gross pathology, and histopathology tests. In contrast, the satellite group was kept for 4 weeks after treatment. Results No significant treatment-related toxicological findings were observed in the clinical features, body weight, laboratory findings, and pathological findings of the high-dose treated groups, when compared to those of the control group. Conclusion The no-observed-adverse-effect-level for Rasaraj Rasa in Wistar rats is set at 270 mg/kg body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitali S. Waghmare
- Shree Dhootapapeshwar Ayurvedic Research Foundation, Veer Savarkar Chowk, Panvel, Maharashtra, India,Corresponding Author Chaitali S. Waghmare, Shree Dhootapapeshwar Ayurvedic Research Foundation, Veer Savarkar Chowk, near Ballaleshwar temple, Panvel, Maharashtra 410206, India, Tel: +91-226-234-6474, E-mail:,
| | - Shivcharan R. Bidve
- Shree Dhootapapeshwar Ayurvedic Research Foundation, Veer Savarkar Chowk, Panvel, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ramacharya V. Gudi
- Shree Dhootapapeshwar Limited, Veer Savarkar Chowk, Panvel, Maharashtra, India
| | - Megha L. Nalawade
- Shree Dhootapapeshwar Limited, Veer Savarkar Chowk, Panvel, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mukesh B. Chawda
- Solumiks Herbaceutical Limited, Fort, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Arnold JT. Integrating ayurvedic medicine into cancer research programs part 2: Ayurvedic herbs and research opportunities. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2022:100677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2022.100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Sahu R, Gupta PK, Mishra A, Kumar A. Ayurveda and in silico Approach: A Challenging Proficient Confluence for Better Development of Effective Traditional Medicine Spotlighting Network Pharmacology. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 29:470-480. [PMID: 36094769 PMCID: PMC9465656 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Coalescence of traditional medicine Ayurveda and in silico technology is a rigor for supplementary development of future-ready effective traditional medicine. Ayurveda is a popular traditional medicine in South Asia, emanating worldwide for the treatment of metabolic disorders and chronic illness. Techniques of in silico biology are not much explored for the investigation of a variety of bioactive phytochemicals of Ayurvedic herbs. Drug repurposing, reverse pharmacology, and polypharmacology in Ayurveda are areas in silico explorations that are needed to understand the rich repertoire of herbs, minerals, herbo-minerals, and assorted Ayurvedic formulations. This review emphasizes exploring the concept of Ayurveda with in silico approaches and the need for Ayurinformatics studies. It also provides an overview of in silico studies done on phytoconstituents of some important Ayurvedic plants, the utility of in silico studies in Ayurvedic phytoconstituents/formulations, limitations/challenges, and prospects of in silico studies in Ayurveda. This article discusses the convergence of in silico work, especially in the least explored field of Ayurveda. The focused coalesce of these two domains could present a predictive combinatorial platform to enhance translational research magnitude. In nutshell, it could provide new insight into an Ayurvedic drug discovery involving an in silico approach that could not only alleviate the process of traditional medicine research but also enhance its effectiveness in addressing health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Sahu
- Department of Balroga, Shri NPA Govt. Ayurveda College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Gupta
- Department of Balroga, Shri NPA Govt. Ayurveda College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India.,Ayurinformatics Lab, Department of Kaumarabhritya, All India Institute of Ayurveda, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, 110076, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342037, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India.
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Chavda VP, Patel AB, Mistry KJ, Suthar SF, Wu ZX, Chen ZS, Hou K. Nano-Drug Delivery Systems Entrapping Natural Bioactive Compounds for Cancer: Recent Progress and Future Challenges. Front Oncol 2022; 12:867655. [PMID: 35425710 PMCID: PMC9004605 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.867655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a prominent cause of mortality globally, and it becomes fatal and incurable if it is delayed in diagnosis. Chemotherapy is a type of treatment that is used to eliminate, diminish, or restrict tumor progression. Chemotherapeutic medicines are available in various formulations. Some tumors require just one type of chemotherapy medication, while others may require a combination of surgery and/or radiotherapy. Treatments might last from a few minutes to many hours to several days. Each medication has potential adverse effects associated with it. Researchers have recently become interested in the use of natural bioactive compounds in anticancer therapy. Some phytochemicals have effects on cellular processes and signaling pathways with potential antitumor properties. Beneficial anticancer effects of phytochemicals were observed in both in vivo and in vitro investigations. Encapsulating natural bioactive compounds in different drug delivery methods may improve their anticancer efficacy. Greater in vivo stability and bioavailability, as well as a reduction in undesirable effects and an enhancement in target-specific activity, will increase the effectiveness of bioactive compounds. This review work focuses on a novel drug delivery system that entraps natural bioactive substances. It also provides an idea of the bioavailability of phytochemicals, challenges and limitations of standard cancer therapy. It also encompasses recent patents on nanoparticle formulations containing a natural anti-cancer molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Kavya J. Mistry
- Pharmacy Section, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kaijian Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine,Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Longhu Hospital, The First Afliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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13
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Rao N, Kini R, Maniyar D, Amin R. Journey from Serendipity to Biologics. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02579-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Balkrishna A, Tomer M, Joshi M, Gujral S, Mishra R, Srivastava J, Varshney A. Standardization and validation of phyto‐metabolites by Ultra‐HPLC and high‐performance thin layer chromatography for rapid quality assessment of ancient ayurvedic medicine, Mahayograj Guggul. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1616-1635. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Acharya Balkrishna
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences University of Patanjali Patanjali Yogpeeth Roorkee‐Haridwar Road Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Meenu Tomer
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Monali Joshi
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Seema Gujral
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Rajesh Mishra
- Department of Dravya‐Guna Patanjali Bhartiya Ayurvigyan avam Anusandhan Sansthan Patanjali Yogpeeth Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Jyotish Srivastava
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
| | - Anurag Varshney
- Drug Discovery and Development Division Patanjali Research Institute NH‐58 Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
- Department of Allied and Applied Sciences University of Patanjali Patanjali Yogpeeth Roorkee‐Haridwar Road Haridwar Uttarakhand 249 405 India
- Special Centre for Systems Medicine Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110 067 India
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15
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Investigation of the Mechanical and Liquid Absorption Properties of a Rice Straw-Based Composite for Ayurvedic Treatment Tables. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020606. [PMID: 35057325 PMCID: PMC8779928 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Managing rice crop stubble is one of the major challenges witnessed in the agricultural sector. This work attempts to investigate the physical, mechanical, and liquid absorption properties of rice straw (RS)-reinforced polymer composite for assessing its suitability to use as an ayurvedic treatment table. This material is expected to be an alternative for wooden-based ayurvedic treatment tables. The results showed that the addition of rice straw particles (RSp) up to 60% volume in epoxy reduced the density of the composite material by 46.20% and the hardness by 15.69%. The maximum tensile and flexural strength of the RSp composite was 17.53 MPa and 43.23 MPa, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed deposits of silica in the form of phytoliths in various size and shapes on the outer surface of RS. The study also revealed that the water absorption rate (WA) was less than 7.8% for the test samples with 45% volume of RSp. Interestingly the test samples showed greater resistance to the absorption of Kottakal Dhanvantaram Thailam (<2%). In addition, the developed samples showed resistance towards bacterial and fungal growth under the exposure of treatment oils and water.
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Patel S, Baghel GS, Chauhan NS, Rathiya S, Sahu U, Parihar AS, Kumar A, Gupta PK. High-performance thin-layer chromatographic standardization and quantification of marker compounds in an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation: Krishnadi Churna. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00764-021-00144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Chigurupati S, Abdul Rahman Alharbi N, Sharma AK, Alhowail A, Vardharajula VR, Vijayabalan S, Das S, Kauser F, Amin E. Pharmacological and pharmacognostical valuation of Canna indica leaves extract by quantifying safety profile and neuroprotective potential. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5579-5584. [PMID: 34588868 PMCID: PMC8459113 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study primarily focused on the pharmacognostical and phytochemical screening of Canna indica and further analyzing the leaves extract for toxicological profile and neuroprotective potential. The microscopic, dry powder properties of the leaf material and phytochemical, physicochemical analysis was evaluated for pharmacognostical assessment. Dry leaves of C. indica were extracted using methanol and then further studied for both in vitro and in vivo toxicological study. The acute toxicity was measured by estimating the antioxidant defense system and anatomical impairment in the rat's organs. Also, the neuroprotective activity of the plant extract was assessed using anticholinesterase enzymatic inhibitory assay. The extract was found to be hemocompatible and showed absences of induction of behavioural changes. Likewise, no changes were seen on the anatomical structure of the rat's organs. The methanolic extract portrayed a significant upsurge in the reduced glutathione level and showed a comparable acetylcholinesterase inhibition in a dosedependent manner with an IC50 value of 14.53 μg/mL compared to the standard Donepezil with an IC50 value of 13.31 μg/mL. C. indica has compelling pharmacognostical characteristics, good safety reports, and significant antioxidant as well as the neuroprotective potential that shows great potential for its further in-depth research for pharmacological use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Abdul Rahman Alharbi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram-122413, India
| | - Ahmad Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Venkata Ramaiah Vardharajula
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Applied Health Sciences in Alrass, Qassim University, Alrass region 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shantini Vijayabalan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Kuala Lumpur 47500, Malaysia
| | - Suprava Das
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Semeling 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Fatema Kauser
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Buraydah College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham Amin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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18
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Sreedharan A, Suryawanshi N, Bhapkar V. Manangement Of Certain Respiratory Disorders Through Ayurveda: A Systematic Review Of Clinical Studies Published In Ayurveda Journal. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083807666210924161506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Respiratory diseases like Asthma, Tuberculosis, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases) in the developing world are a major health burden in terms of morbidity and mortality in both adults and children. A number of studies on treating respiratory disorders using Ayurveda formulations and its managements have been found in Ayurveda Journals with promising results, but an evidence based systematic review of them is not available.
Objective:
To conduct systematic review on the management of certain respiratory disorders through Ayurveda.
Methods:
To conduct this study, Ayurveda research articles were obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar. Total 51 Clinical studies were yielded which underwent further screening process to achieve the quality of inclusion criteria.
Result:
24 articles were selected from six different publications for the review. In general, the quality of few selected articles was low. Of the 24 articles identified, 3 studies (n = 24) exclusively focused on Shodhana Karma (Vamana Virechana), 3 studies (n = 24) focused on the concept of Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa, 4 studies (n = 24) focused on Ayurvedic formulations as adjuvants, 1 study (n = 24) focused on Shamana Chikitsa along with Pranayama, 13 studies (n = 24) focused only on Shamana Chikitsa. All the above treatment modalities showed significant results on major symptoms of respiratory disorders.
Conclusion:
This systematic review on different types of Ayurvedic management for treating respiratory disorders proves to be beneficial to understand the importance of Virechana Karma in Tamaka Swasa, effectiveness of Shamana Chikitsa after Shodhana Karma in Pratishaya and Tamaka Swasa .This review also throws light on the importance of Pranayama along with Shamana Chikitsa, efficacy of Ayurvedic formulations as adjuvant along with allopathic treatments and potency of different Ayurvedic dosage forms for treating certain respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Sreedharan
- Department Of Ras Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, D.Y. Patil Deemed To Be University, School Of Ayurveda, Nerul Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Nilesh Suryawanshi
- Department Of Ras Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, D.Y. Patil Deemed To Be University, School Of Ayurveda, Nerul Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Vedvati Bhapkar
- Department Of Ras Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, D.Y. Patil Deemed To Be University, School Of Ayurveda, Nerul Navi Mumbai, India
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19
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Gayathri S, Chandrashekar H R, Fayaz S M. Phytotherapeutics Against Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanism, Molecular Targets and Challenges for Drug Development. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:409-426. [PMID: 34544351 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210920120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is inflating worldwide and is combatted by only a few approved drugs. At best, these drugs treat symptomatic conditions by targeting cholinesterase and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Most of the clinical trials in progress are focused to develop disease-modifying agents that aim single targets. The 'one drug-one target' approach is failing in the case of Alzheimer's disease due to its labyrinth etiopathogenesis. Traditional medicinal systems like ayurveda uses a holistic approach encompassing legion of medicinal plants exhibiting multimodal activity. Recent advances in high-throughput technologies have catapulted the research in the arena of ayurveda, specifically in identifying plants with potent anti-Alzheimer's disease properties and their phytochemical characterization. Nonetheless, clinical trials of very few herbal medicines are in progress. This review is a compendium of Indian plants and ayurvedic medicines against Alzheimer's disease and their paraphernalia. A record of 230 plants that are found in India with anti-Alzheimer's disease potential and about 500 phytochemicals from medicinal plants has been solicited with the hope of exploring the unexplored. Further, the molecular targets of phytochemicals isolated from commonly used medicinal plants such as Acorus calamus, Bacopa monnieri, Convolvulus pluricaulis, Tinospora cordifolia and Withania somnifera have been reviewed with respect to their multidimensional property such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-aggregation, synaptic plasticity modulation, cognition and memory enhancing activity. In addition, the strengths, and challenges in ayurvedic medicine that limit its use as mainstream therapy is discussed and a framework for the development of herbal medicine has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri S
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka - 576104. India
| | - Raghu Chandrashekar H
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka - 576104. India
| | - Fayaz S M
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka - 576104. India
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20
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Kataria S, Sharma P, Ram JP, Deswal V, Singh M, Rana R, Singhal R, Tripathi A, Kumar K, Trehan N. A Pilot Clinical study of an add on Ayurvedic formulation containing Guduchi and Pippali in mild to moderate Covid - 19. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2021; 13:100454. [PMID: 34127896 PMCID: PMC8189796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After declaration of COVID- 19 as pandemic by WHO, countries adopted several measures to contain the spread as well as test and treat the patients. Further, as no effective management protocols to address this pandemic were available, a need was felt to explore the integration of modern and traditional medicines to treat COVID- 19 cases. Objective To undertake a study with Ayurveda formulation as add on to existing standard of care (SOC) and to compare the outcomes in terms of patient acceptability, the time to clinical recovery, hospital stay as well as any signs of drug-herb interaction between the Ayurveda formulation and the SOC. Material and methods An exploratory nonrandomized prospective study has been undertaken for comparing the outcomes of traditional Ayurvedic classical formulation of Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi) and Piper longum (Pippali) as an add on to standard of care (SOC) using modern medicine with SOC alone. This has been done in mild and moderate COVID- 19 cases, at a tertiary care integrative Medicine hospital in the National Capital Region, Gurgaon, India. The outcomes have been evaluated in terms of the duration of hospital stay, the time to clinical recovery, safety and non- interference/interaction of Ayurvedic and Further, long term impact of COVID- 19 treatment has been evaluated using quality of life questionnaire after 3 months of discharge. Results Findings of present study reveals that the Ayurveda add-on formulation of T. cordifolia (Guduchi) and P. longum (Pippali) has reduced the length of hospital stay and improve the recovery time. General feeling of wellbeing and activity levels were better in the 3 month follow-up post discharge in the Ayurveda add-on group. Conclusion Addition of Ayurveda formulation has reduced the time of recovery and duration of hospital stay. However, this formulation needs further investigated to provide more information on effective and safe herbal add-on to SOC for better outcomes to treatment of COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Medanta Institute of Education and Research (MIER), Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Jai Prakash Ram
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Studies, Ministry of AYUSH
| | | | - Manish Singh
- Medanta Institute of Education and Research (MIER), Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Rakesh Rana
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Studies, Ministry of AYUSH
| | - Richa Singhal
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Studies, Ministry of AYUSH
| | - Arunabh Tripathi
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Studies, Ministry of AYUSH
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Medanta Institute of Education and Research (MIER), Gurgaon, Haryana, India
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21
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Hasan MK, Ara I, Mondal MSA, Kabir Y. Phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, and potential health benefits of Gly cyrrhiza glabra. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07240. [PMID: 34189299 PMCID: PMC8220166 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature has always been an excellent source for many therapeutic compounds providing us with many medicinal plants and microorganisms producing beneficial chemicals. Therefore, the demand for medicinal plants, cosmetics, and health products is always on the rise. One such plant from the Leguminosae family is licorice and the scientific name is Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. It is an herb-type plant with medicinal value. In the following article, we shall elaborately look at the plants' phytochemical constituents and the pharmacological impact of those substances. Several compounds such as glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhizinic acid, isoliquiritin, and glycyrrhizic acid have been found in this plant, which can provide pharmacological benefit to us with its anti-cancer, anti-atherogenic, anti-diabetic, anti-asthmatic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and antispasmodic activity. Alongside, these products have a different role in hepatoprotective, immunologic, memory-enhancing activity. They can stimulate hair growth, control obesity, and have anti-depressants, sedatives, and anticoagulant activity. This review examines recent studies on the phytochemical and pharmacological data and describes some side effects and toxicity of licorice and its bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tejgaon College, National University, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | - Iffat Ara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tejgaon College, National University, Gazipur, 1704, Bangladesh
| | | | - Yearul Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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22
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Devarbhavi H, Aithal G, Treeprasertsuk S, Takikawa H, Mao Y, Shasthry SM, Hamid S, Tan SS, Philips CA, George J, Jafri W, Sarin SK. Drug-induced liver injury: Asia Pacific Association of Study of Liver consensus guidelines. Hepatol Int 2021; 15:258-282. [PMID: 33641080 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-021-10144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury mimics acute and chronic liver disease. It is under recognized and underrecognised because of the lack of pathognomonic diagnostic serological markers. Its consequences may vary from being asymptomatic to self-limiting illness to severe liver injury leading to acute liver failure. Its incidence is likely to be more common in Asia than other parts of the world, mainly because of hepatotoxicity resulting from the treatment of tuberculosis disease and the ubiquitous use of traditional and complimentary medicines in Asian countries. This APASL consensus guidelines on DILI is a concise account of the various aspects including current evidence-based information on DILI with special emphasis on DILI due to antituberculosis agents and traditional and complementary medicine use in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshad Devarbhavi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India.
| | - Guruprasad Aithal
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Hajime Takikawa
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Emeritus Professor, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yimin Mao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Saggere M Shasthry
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saeed Hamid
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Soek Siam Tan
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Selayang, Bata Caves, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Cyriac Abby Philips
- The Liver Institute, Center of Excellence in GI Sciences, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, Kerala, India
| | - Jacob George
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Westmead Hospital and Sydney West Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wasim Jafri
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shiv K Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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23
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Mapping drug-target interactions and synergy in multi-molecular therapeutics for pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2021; 7:11. [PMID: 33589646 PMCID: PMC7884732 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-021-00171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in systems biology have resulted in the development of network pharmacology, leading to a paradigm shift from "one-target, one-drug" to "target-network, multi-component therapeutics". We employ a chimeric approach involving in-vivo assays, gene expression analysis, cheminformatics, and network biology to deduce the regulatory actions of a multi-constituent Ayurvedic concoction, Amalaki Rasayana (AR) in animal models for its effect in pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy. The proteomics analysis of in-vivo assays for Aorta Constricted and Biologically Aged rat models identify proteins expressed under each condition. Network analysis mapping protein-protein interactions and synergistic actions of AR using multi-component networks reveal drug targets such as ACADM, COX4I1, COX6B1, HBB, MYH14, and SLC25A4, as potential pharmacological co-targets for cardiac hypertrophy. Further, five out of eighteen AR constituents potentially target these proteins. We propose a distinct prospective strategy for the discovery of network pharmacological therapies and repositioning of existing drug molecules for treating pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy.
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24
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Rayapu L, Chakraborty K, Valluru L. Marine Algae as a Potential Source for Anti-diabetic Compounds - A Brief Review. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:789-801. [PMID: 32912118 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200909124526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia that leads to several complications such as retinopathy, atherosclerosis, nephropathy, etc. In 2019, it was estimated that about 463 million people had diabetes, and it may increase up to 700 million in 2045. Marine macroalgae are the rich source of bioactive compounds for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE This review summarizes the recent epidemiology and possible use of marine macroalgae-derived bioactive compounds for the protection against chronic metabolic disease, diabetes mellitus and marine macroalgae as a nutraceutical supplement. CONCLUSION The present therapies available for diabetes treatment are oral medicines and insulin injections. But continuous use of synthetic medicines provides low therapeutic with many side effects. In continuing search of anti-diabetic drugs, marine macroalgae remain as a promising source with potent bioactivity. Among existing marine algae, red and brown algae are reported to show anti-diabetic activity. Hence, the present review focuses on the epidemiology, diabetes biomarkers and different secondary bioactive compounds present in marine macroalgae to treat diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Rayapu
- Department of Biotechnology, Dravidian University, Kuppam-517426, A.P, India
| | - Kajal Chakraborty
- Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Ernakulum, Cochin-682001, Kerala, India
| | - Lokanatha Valluru
- Department of Biotechnology, Dravidian University, Kuppam-517426, A.P, India
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25
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Dash S, Kanungo SK, Mishra B, Sahoo AC, Senapati AK, Pattnaik S. Evaluation of classical ayurvedic medicine “Sukumaram Kasayam” in a rat model of letrozole induced polycystic ovaries. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Patient Assessment and Chronic Pain Self-Management in Ethnomedicine: Seasonal and Ecosystemic Embodiment in Ayurvedic Patient-Centered Care. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082842. [PMID: 32326150 PMCID: PMC7216187 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: Ayurveda’s preventive focus complements its strength with the interventionist approach of the biomedical in chronic pain self-management. Patient-centered care (PCC) using ethnomedicine promises greater patient self-management; however, few studies have examined environmental relationships and PCC in self-management of chronic pain through Ayurveda. Objective: To examine how Ayurveda’s philosophical focus on whole system frameworks describes the integration of the individual and the ecological in tailoring an integrative patient-centered diagnostic and prognostic approach to chronic pain management. Methods: This qualitative case study conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews of Ayurvedic physicians from India (N = 10) and a qualitative inductive content analytic approach. Findings: The diagnostic and interpretational framework of the doshas supports the integration of the individual and the ecological through (a) the circadian and seasonal cycles relating mind-body awareness with diet, lifestyle (e.g., yoga), and breath (e.g., pranayama), and (b) biogeographical and ecosystemic regions relating the biogeographical and the ecological (e.g., desh) with the regulatory principle of pain and its physiological and anatomical perception (vata) in an approach that goes beyond treating pain etiology to a whole person PCC approach. Conclusions: The study highlights how circadian and seasonal cycles and evolutionary spatial-temporal factors of biogeographical and ecological regions are employed in patient assessment and self-management to support patient involvement. Recommendations for PCC in integrative chronic pain management include supporting patient ownership of their care through the dosha framework that relates the individual and the ecological in the patient’s own life-context and supports co-creation of a collaborative plan of care using an ethnomedical framework.
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27
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Therapeutic Efficacy of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Flowers to Inhibit Proliferation of Acute and Chronic Primary Human Leukemia Cells, with Adipocyte Differentiation and in Silico Analysis of Interactions between Survivin Protein and Selected Secondary Metabolites. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020165. [PMID: 31973079 PMCID: PMC7072598 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the antidiabetic efficacy of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis flowers has been reported, antiproliferative and anti-obesity activities are yet to be explored. We examined the anti-obesity and antiproliferative potentials of different fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol) of N. abor-tristis flower extract for the first time using 3T3-L1 cells, primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from healthy and adult acute myeloid (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients, recombinant Jurkat T cells, and MCF7 cell lines. The in vitro hypoglycemic activity was evaluated using the inhibition of α-amylase enzyme and glucose uptake by yeast cells. The percentage glucose uptake and α-amylase inhibitory activity increased in a dose-dependent manner in the crude and the tested fractions (hexane and ethyl acetate). Inhibition of the 3T3-L1 cells’ differentiation was observed in the ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions, followed by the hexane fraction. Antiproliferative analyses revealed that Nyctanthes exerted a high specific activity against anti-AML and anti-CLL PBMC cells, especially by the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions. The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis indicated the presence of 1-heptacosanol (hexane fraction), 1-octadecene (hexane and chloroform fractions), and other organic compounds. Molecular docking demonstrated that phenol,2,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) and 4-hydroxypyridine 1-oxide compounds showed specificity toward survivin protein, indicating the feasibility of N. abor-tristis in developing new drug leads against leukemia.
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Kumar V, Sharma AK, Rajput SK, Pal M, Dhiman N. Pharmacognostic and pharmacological evaluation of Eulaliopsis binata plant extracts by measuring in vitro/ in vivo safety profile and anti-microbial potential. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:454-464. [PMID: 30090595 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00017d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation emphasizes the pharmacognostic and phytochemical screening of Eulaliopsis binata and further evaluates the extracts of this plant for toxicological profile and anti-bacterial potential based on in vivo/in vitro assays. Microscopy, powder characteristics of the leaf material, and physicochemical and phytochemical screening were assessed for pharmacognostic evaluation. Dry leaves of Eulaliopsis binata were extracted using different solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane), and the extracts obtained were further investigated for in vitro/in vivo toxicological study. Moreover, acute toxicity was assessed by evaluating the anti-oxidant defense system and anatomical damage in vital organs. In addition, anti-bacterial activity of all the extracts was assessed by the Kirby-Bauer method. Physicochemical and microscopic observations showed the unique identification mark for leaf powder and leaf transverse section. Phytochemical investigation evidenced the presence of flavonoids and phenolic contents in the methanolic extract. All extracts were found to be hemocompatible and exhibited no induction of behavioral alteration and no alteration in the anti-oxidant potential and anatomical structure of the vital organs. On the other hand, the methanolic extract showed a significant upsurge in the reduced glutathione level, whereas all extracts showed significant anti-bacterial potential in a dose-dependent manner. Eulaliopsis binata has inimitable pharmacognostical characteristics, good safety profile and significant anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial potential that show immense possibility for its further investigation for pharmacological use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Amity University , Noida , Uttar Pradesh-201303 , India . ; Tel: +91 120 4392498, ext: 5557
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology , Amity University , Noida , Uttar Pradesh-201303 , India
| | - Satyendra K Rajput
- Department of Pharmacology , Amity University , Noida , Uttar Pradesh-201303 , India
| | - Mahesh Pal
- Phytochemistry Division , CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute , Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh-226001 , India
| | - Neerupma Dhiman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Amity University , Noida , Uttar Pradesh-201303 , India . ; Tel: +91 120 4392498, ext: 5557
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Srivastava S, Shree P, Tripathi YB. Active phytochemicals of Pueraria tuberosa for DPP-IV inhibition: in silico and experimental approach. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2017; 16:46. [PMID: 29201861 PMCID: PMC5697100 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-017-0328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background We had earlier reported that the extract of Pueraria tuberosa significantly inhibits DPP-IV enzyme, resulting in glucose tolerance response in rats. In this study, we have explored the active phytochemicals responsible for this potential. The results have been validated in both fasting and postprandial states in the plasma of normal rats and also in fasting blood and intestinal homogenates of diabetic models. Methods Pueraria tuberosa water extract (PTWE) was administered to normal Charles Foster rats for 35 days and to diabetic model (65 mg/kg bw) for 10 days. After treatments, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin was done for 90 min, and the changes in the levels of GLP-1, GIP, and DPP-IV activities were monitored in fasting and postprandial states. In the case of the diabetic model, DPP-IV activity was measured in intestinal homogenate and basal insulin in plasma. The components of PTWE were analyzed via HPLC-MS based on their chemical formula, molecular mass, and retention time. Using the molecular docking study, we have selected the top five components having strong binding energy with DPP-IV. Results The increase in secretion of GLP-1 and GIP was significantly higher in the postprandial state when compared to fasting condition. GLP-1 plasma concentration increased by 5.8 and 2.9 folds and GIP increased by 8.7 and 2.4 folds in PTWE and control rats, respectively. In contrast, the postprandial decrease in DPP-IV specific activities was recorded at 2.3 and 1.4 folds. The response in OGTT and insulin was also consistent with these changes. In comparison to diabetic controls, PTWE-administered rats showed decreased DPP-IV activity in the intestine, leading to enhanced basal insulin concentration. Through molecular docking, we found Puerarone and Robinin to be the most potential phytochemicals of PTWE for DPP-IV inhibition. Binding energy (kcal/mol) and dissociation constant (pM) of Robinin with DPP-IV protein were found to be 7.543 and 2,957,383.75, respectively. For Puerarone, it was 7.376 and 3,920,309, respectively. Conclusions Thus, this study provides the novel active components that contribute to the DPP-IV inhibitory property of PTWE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Srivastava
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P India
| | - Priya Shree
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P India
| | - Yamini Bhusan Tripathi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P India
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