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Cabrera-Aguas M, Watson SL. Updates in Diagnostic Imaging for Infectious Keratitis: A Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3358. [PMID: 37958254 PMCID: PMC10647798 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious keratitis (IK) is among the top five leading causes of blindness globally. Early diagnosis is needed to guide appropriate therapy to avoid complications such as vision impairment and blindness. Slit lamp microscopy and culture of corneal scrapes are key to diagnosing IK. Slit lamp photography was transformed when digital cameras and smartphones were invented. The digital camera or smartphone camera sensor's resolution, the resolution of the slit lamp and the focal length of the smartphone camera system are key to a high-quality slit lamp image. Alternative diagnostic tools include imaging, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). OCT's advantage is its ability to accurately determine the depth and extent of the corneal ulceration, infiltrates and haze, therefore characterizing the severity and progression of the infection. However, OCT is not a preferred choice in the diagnostic tool package for infectious keratitis. Rather, IVCM is a great aid in the diagnosis of fungal and Acanthamoeba keratitis with overall sensitivities of 66-74% and 80-100% and specificity of 78-100% and 84-100%, respectively. Recently, deep learning (DL) models have been shown to be promising aids for the diagnosis of IK via image recognition. Most of the studies that have developed DL models to diagnose the different types of IK have utilised slit lamp photographs. Some studies have used extremely efficient single convolutional neural network algorithms to train their models, and others used ensemble approaches with variable results. Limitations of DL models include the need for large image datasets to train the models, the difficulty in finding special features of the different types of IK, the imbalance of training models, the lack of image protocols and misclassification bias, which need to be overcome to apply these models into real-world settings. Newer artificial intelligence technology that generates synthetic data, such as generative adversarial networks, may assist in overcoming some of these limitations of CNN models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cabrera-Aguas
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia;
- Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Stephanie L Watson
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia;
- Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
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2
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Malone JD, Hussain I, Bowden AK. SmartOCT: smartphone-integrated optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:3138-3151. [PMID: 37497502 PMCID: PMC10368059 DOI: 10.1364/boe.492439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Smartphone devices have seen unprecedented technical innovation in computational power and optical imaging capabilities, making them potentially invaluable tools in scientific imaging applications. The smartphone's compact form-factor and broad accessibility has motivated researchers to develop smartphone-integrated imaging systems for a wide array of applications. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is one such technique that could benefit from smartphone-integration. Here, we demonstrate smartOCT, a smartphone-integrated OCT system that leverages built-in components of a smartphone for detection, processing and display of OCT data. SmartOCT uses a broadband visible-light source and line-field OCT design that enables snapshot 2D cross-sectional imaging. Furthermore, we describe methods for processing smartphone data acquired in a RAW data format for scientific applications that improves the quality of OCT images. The results presented here demonstrate the potential of smartphone-integrated OCT systems for low-resource environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Malone
- Vanderbilt University, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, TN
37235, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Nashville, TN
37235, USA
| | - Iftak Hussain
- Vanderbilt University, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, TN
37235, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Nashville, TN
37235, USA
| | - Audrey K. Bowden
- Vanderbilt University, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, TN
37235, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Nashville, TN
37235, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt Institute of Global Health, Nashville,
TN 37235, USA
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3
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Muth DR, Blaser F, Foa N, Scherm P, Mayer WJ, Barthelmes D, Zweifel SA. Smartphone Slit Lamp Imaging-Usability and Quality Assessment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030423. [PMID: 36766528 PMCID: PMC9913954 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the usability and image quality of a smartphone adapter for direct slit lamp imaging. METHODS A single-center, prospective, clinical study conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology at the University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. The smartphone group consisted of 26 medical staff (consultants, residents, and students). The control group consisted of one ophthalmic photographer. Both groups took images of the anterior and the posterior eye segment of the same proband. The control group used professional photography equipment. The participant group used an Apple iPhone 11 mounted on a slit lamp via a removable SlitREC smartphone adapter (Custom Surgical GmbH, Munich, Germany). The image quality was graded independently by two blinded ophthalmologists on a scale from 0 (low) to 10 (high quality). Images with a score ≥ 7.0/10 were considered as good as the reference images. The acquisition time was measured. A questionnaire on usability and experience in smartphone and slit lamp use was taken by all of the participants. RESULTS Each participant had three attempts at the same task. The overall smartphone quality was 7.2/10 for the anterior and 6.4/10 for the posterior segment. The subjectively perceived difficulty decreased significantly over the course of three attempts (Kendall's W). Image quality increased as well but did not improve significantly from take 1 to take 3. However, the image quality of the posterior segment was significantly, positively correlated (Spearman's Rho) with work experience. The mean acquisition time for anterior segment imaging was faster in the smartphone group compared to the control group (156 vs. 206 s). It was vice versa for the posterior segment (180 vs. 151 s). CONCLUSION Slit lamp imaging with the presented smartphone adapter provides high-quality imaging of the anterior segment. Posterior segment imaging remains challenging in terms of image quality. The adapter constitutes a cost-effective, portable, easy-to-use solution for recording ophthalmic photos and videos. It can facilitate clinical documentation and communication among colleagues and with the patient especially outside normal consultation hours. Direct slit lamp imaging allows for time to be saved and increases the independence of ophthalmologists in terms of patient mobility and the availability of photographic staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rudolf Muth
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-255-87-94; Fax: +41-44-255-44-72
| | - Frank Blaser
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nastasia Foa
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Scherm
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Johann Mayer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Mathildenstrasse 8, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Barthelmes
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Anne Zweifel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Kim KS, Kim JH, Roh JH, Kim D, Kim HM, Jo JK. Ability and accuracy of the smartphone-based O`VIEW-M® sperm test: Useful tool in the era of Covid-19. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269894. [PMID: 35709172 PMCID: PMC9202868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Male infertility affects up to 12% of men. Although manual testing using microscope examination and computer-assisted semen analysis are standard methods of measuring sperm count and motility, these methods are limited by being laboratory based. To investigate the usefulness of a novel semen analysis device using a smartphone camera. This prospective multicenter randomized parallel design trial enrolled 200 men aged ≥19 years of age between August and December 2018. Each subject was advised to use the Smart Sperm Test for OVIEW-M at home after 5 days of abstinence. The accuracy of the OVIEW-M test relative to the in-hospital test was determined. A questionnaire was administered to assess subject likelihood of using the OVIEW-M. Measurements using standard methods and the OVIEW-M showed similar sperm counts and similar motile sperm counts. Correlation analysis showed significant correlations between sperm count and sperm motility when measured by OVIEW-M tests (r = 0.893, p < 0.01) and standard microscope examination (r = 0.883, p < 0.01). Of the subjects who responded to questionnaires, 43% regarded the results of the OVIEW-M tests as reliable and 18% as unreliable. Semen analysis with the smartphone-based application and accessories yielded results not inferior to those of laboratory tests. Men who visit the hospital for evaluation of infertility can easily perform OVIEW-M semen tests at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Shik Kim
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Kim
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyoung Roh
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeonbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea
| | - Daegwan Kim
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeonbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea
| | | | - Jung Ki Jo
- Department of Urology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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5
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Hanna MG, Ardon O, Reuter VE, Sirintrapun SJ, England C, Klimstra DS, Hameed MR. Integrating digital pathology into clinical practice. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:152-164. [PMID: 34599281 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00929-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The field of anatomic pathology has been evolving in the last few decades and the advancements have been largely fostered by innovative technology. Immunohistochemistry enabled a paradigm shift in discovery and diagnostic evaluation, followed by booming genomic advancements which allowed for submicroscopic pathologic characterization, and now the field of digital pathology coupled with machine learning and big data acquisition is paving the way to revolutionize the pathology medical domain. Whole slide imaging (WSI) is a disruptive technology where glass slides are digitized to produce on-screen whole slide images. Specifically, in the past decade, there have been significant advances in digital pathology systems that have allowed this technology to promote integration into clinical practice. Whole slide images (WSI), or digital slides, can be viewed and navigated comparable to glass slides on a microscope, as digital files. Whole slide imaging has increased in adoption among pathologists, pathology departments, and scientists for clinical, educational, and research initiatives. Integration of digital pathology systems requires a coordinated effort with numerous stakeholders, not only within the pathology department, but across the entire enterprise. Each pathology department has distinct needs, use cases and blueprints, however the framework components and variables for successful clinical integration can be generalized across any organization seeking to undergo a digital transformation at any scale. This article will review those components and considerations for integrating digital pathology systems into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Hanna
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Orly Ardon
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victor E Reuter
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Christine England
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David S Klimstra
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meera R Hameed
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Kouzehkanan ZM, Saghari S, Tavakoli S, Rostami P, Abaszadeh M, Mirzadeh F, Satlsar ES, Gheidishahran M, Gorgi F, Mohammadi S, Hosseini R. A large dataset of white blood cells containing cell locations and types, along with segmented nuclei and cytoplasm. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1123. [PMID: 35064165 PMCID: PMC8782871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate and early detection of anomalies in peripheral white blood cells plays a crucial role in the evaluation of well-being in individuals and the diagnosis and prognosis of hematologic diseases. For example, some blood disorders and immune system-related diseases are diagnosed by the differential count of white blood cells, which is one of the common laboratory tests. Data is one of the most important ingredients in the development and testing of many commercial and successful automatic or semi-automatic systems. To this end, this study introduces a free access dataset of normal peripheral white blood cells called Raabin-WBC containing about 40,000 images of white blood cells and color spots. For ensuring the validity of the data, a significant number of cells were labeled by two experts. Also, the ground truths of the nuclei and cytoplasm are extracted for 1145 selected cells. To provide the necessary diversity, various smears have been imaged, and two different cameras and two different microscopes were used. We did some preliminary deep learning experiments on Raabin-WBC to demonstrate how the generalization power of machine learning methods, especially deep neural networks, can be affected by the mentioned diversity. Raabin-WBC as a public data in the field of health can be used for the model development and testing in different machine learning tasks including classification, detection, segmentation, and localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mousavi Kouzehkanan
- School of ECE, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Nimaad Health Equipment Development Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Saghari
- Nimaad Health Equipment Development Company, Tehran, Iran.,Graduated Bachelor of Laboratory of Sciences, Paramedical Faculty of Guilan, University of Medical of Sciences, Langarud, Gilan, Iran
| | - Sajad Tavakoli
- Nimaad Health Equipment Development Company, Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Rostami
- Nimaad Health Equipment Development Company, Tehran, Iran.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farzaneh Mirzadeh
- Nimaad Health Equipment Development Company, Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Shahabi Satlsar
- Nimaad Health Equipment Development Company, Tehran, Iran.,Flow Cytometry Department, Takhte Tavous Patobiology Lab, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Gheidishahran
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Gorgi
- Bachelor of Laboratory of Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reshad Hosseini
- School of ECE, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Park MJ, Lim MY, Park HJ, Park NC. Accuracy comparison study of new smartphone-based semen analyzer versus laboratory sperm quality analyzer. Investig Clin Urol 2021; 62:672-680. [PMID: 34729967 PMCID: PMC8566791 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20210266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to test the clinical efficacy of a portable smartphone-based App assisted semen analysis (SA) system, O'VIEW-M PRO® to clinically accurate in comparison with results of laboratory-based conventional semen analyses including manual microscopic and computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) for self-evaluation of seminal parameters. Materials and Methods From January to May 2021, a total of 39 semen samples were analyzed for the sperm concentration and motility with new smartphone-based App assisted semen analyzer, O'VIEW-M PRO®, and results compared with those from laboratory-based manual microscopic SA with Makler Counting Chamber and CASA. Results The coefficient factors among the results of the measurement with Makler chamber and laboratory-based CASA comparing to O'VIEW-M PRO® were 0.666 and 0.655 for sperm density, 0.662 and 0.658 for sperm motility, respectively. There were no particular problems with clinical use of the O'VIEW-M PRO®. Device performance in classifying samples is positive (<15×106 sperm/mL) and negative (>15×106 sperm/mL) for sperm concentration criteria, and positive (<40%) and negative (>40%) for sperm motility criteria. The smartphone-based App assisted SA O'VIEW-M PRO® showed a sensitivity of 92.6%, a specificity of 66.7%, and overall accuracy rate of 84.6%. Conclusions This study shows a novel smartphone-based App assisted SA system. O'VIEW-M PRO® can easily obtain semen parameter information through self-diagnosis at home and induce infertile men's treatment and help patients after receiving infertile men's treatment before receiving treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Park
- The Korea Institute for Public Sperm Bank, Busan, Korea
| | - Mi Young Lim
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Park
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Nam Cheol Park
- The Korea Institute for Public Sperm Bank, Busan, Korea.,Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
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8
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Santonicco N, Marletta S, Pantanowitz L, Fadda G, Troncone G, Brunelli M, Ghimenton C, Antonini P, Paolino G, Girolami I, Eccher A. Impact of mobile devices on cancer diagnosis in cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 2021; 50:34-45. [PMID: 34677909 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital pathology has widened pathologists' opportunities to examine both surgical and cytological samples. Recently, portable mobile devices like tablets and smartphones have been tested for application with digital technologies including static, dynamic, and more recently whole slide imaging. This study aimed to review the published literature on the impact of mobile devices on cancer diagnoses in cytology. This analysis focused on their diagnostic potential, technical details, critical issues and pitfalls, and economical aspects. METHODS A systematic search was carried out in the electronic databases Embase and PubMed. Studies dealing with the application of mobile devices for diagnosing cancer on cytological specimens were included. The quality of studies was assessed with the QUADAS-2 tool. The main themes addressed were the comparison of manual examination with light microscopy and the use of mobile tools for primary diagnosis. The technical features of different models of smartphones and tablets, software, and adapters were also studied in terms of feasibility and costs-analysis. RESULTS Of 2458 retrieved articles, 18 were included. Concordance with light microscopy was good and diagnostic performance comparable with an expert pathologist's diagnosis. The mobile devices studied differed, sometimes significantly, in terms of speed and cost. The utility was improved by employing specifically designed adapters. Image acquisition and transmission represent the main critical points in almost all studies. CONCLUSION The use of mobile devices demonstrated promising results regarding the digital evaluation of cytological samples. Widespread adoption even in underserved areas is anticipated following validation studies, technology improvements, and reduction in the costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Santonicco
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Marletta
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Liron Pantanowitz
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Labs, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guido Fadda
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adulthood and of the Developing Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Messina, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Troncone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Ghimenton
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pietro Antonini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gaetano Paolino
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Girolami
- Division of Pathology, Central Hospital Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Albino Eccher
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
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9
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Gonzalez D, Narasimman M, Best JC, Ory J, Ramasamy R. Clinical Update on Home Testing for Male Fertility. World J Mens Health 2021; 39:615-625. [PMID: 33474845 PMCID: PMC8443999 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.200130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Male factor infertility accounts for about 50% of the incidence of infertility in couples. In current practice, the men must attend a clinic or hospital facility to provide a semen analysis, which is key to the diagnosis of the male reproductive potential. However, many men are often embarrassed with the process and conventional semen analysis requires complex, labor intensive inspection with a microscope. To mitigate these problems, one of the solutions can be at-home semen analysis. In this review we examine the literature of currently available at home semen analysis test kits, describe their limitations, and compare them to the conventional lab-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gonzalez
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Manish Narasimman
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jordan C Best
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jesse Ory
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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10
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DaCunha M, Buntinx T, Hinds B. Smartphone adapter time trial analysis: A low-cost, time-efficient method to disseminate quality photomicrographs at the microscope. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 49:215-219. [PMID: 34427943 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within the field of pathology there is a need for a uniform low-cost option for securing high-quality photomicrographs. Advances in smartphone photography and 3D-printing technology allow for custom adapters to be designed for the purpose of photomicrograph capture. METHODS Photomicrograph acquisition was performed using four core modalities: a novel 3D-printed smartphone-to-microscope adapter, freehand smartphone-to-microscope technique, a commercial adaptor (LabCam Pro), and a microscope-mounted digital camera. Eight skin diagnoses were photographed using each of the modalities and time to image capture was measured. The photomicrographs were blindly reviewed by two academic dermatopathologists and one pathologist using a side-by-side comparison technique to determine the image quality. Cost assessments were evaluated by obtaining free pricing information on manufacturer websites. RESULTS The 3D-printed adapter was the most efficient method of capturing a high-quality photomicrograph in addition to being budget neutral. The microscope-mounted camera produced the highest quality photomicrographs followed by the 3D-printed adapter. CONCLUSIONS The 3D-printed smartphone-to-microscope adapter offers a low-cost, time-efficient method of capturing high-quality photomicrographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew DaCunha
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Tal Buntinx
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Brian Hinds
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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11
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Hwang KE, Claus JR. Characterization of Carcass Color Differences Between Hens (Small Birds) and Meat-Type Male Pheasants (Large Birds). MEAT AND MUSCLE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22175/mmb.11589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying changes in hen carcass color upon freezing were compared with the color of meat-type male pheasants upon freezing. Chemical and physical assessments of these two pheasant types (n=5) and the effects of different chilling methods on hen carcasses (n=10) were evaluated. The results showed that hen carcasses exhibited more red pigmentation (myoglobin, hemoglobin), as well as significantly higher pH values and redness, than the carcasses from meat-type pheasants. The moisture content was higher in hens than in meat-type pheasants, especially in the skin. The intermediate fiber (IIA) type was the only type found in the pectoralis major muscle, regardless of pheasant type. Chilling method significantly changed the color attributes of the hen carcass. Immersion chilling decreased skin redness (less pigmentation and Commission Internationale de l ́Eclairage [CIE] a*); the breast meat was less red than that from the chilling-in-a-bag condition. The skin had substantially higher levels of red pigmentation than the breast muscles, irrespective of the pheasant type and chilling method (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that the more intense red appearance may be related to a combination of greater residual hemoglobin levels and higher pH within the skin. The greater moisture content of the skin may have facilitated the development of greater transparency to the darker, more red breast muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Eun Hwang
- University of Wisconsin–Madison Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences
| | - James R. Claus
- University of Wisconsin–Madison Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences
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12
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Mobadersany P, Cooper LAD, Goldstein JA. GestAltNet: aggregation and attention to improve deep learning of gestational age from placental whole-slide images. J Transl Med 2021; 101:942-951. [PMID: 33674784 PMCID: PMC7933605 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is the first organ to form and performs the functions of the lung, gut, kidney, and endocrine systems. Abnormalities in the placenta cause or reflect most abnormalities in gestation and can have life-long consequences for the mother and infant. Placental villi undergo a complex but reproducible sequence of maturation across the third-trimester. Abnormalities of villous maturation are a feature of gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, among others, but there is significant interobserver variability in their diagnosis. Machine learning has emerged as a powerful tool for research in pathology. To capture the volume of data and manage heterogeneity within the placenta, we developed GestaltNet, which emulates human attention to high-yield areas and aggregation across regions. We used this network to estimate the gestational age (GA) of scanned placental slides and compared it to a baseline model lacking the attention and aggregation functions. In the test set, GestaltNet showed a higher r2 (0.9444 vs. 0.9220) than the baseline model. The mean absolute error (MAE) between the estimated and actual GA was also better in the GestaltNet (1.0847 weeks vs. 1.4505 weeks). On whole-slide images, we found the attention sub-network discriminates areas of terminal villi from other placental structures. Using this behavior, we estimated GA for 36 whole slides not previously seen by the model. In this task, similar to that faced by human pathologists, the model showed an r2 of 0.8859 with an MAE of 1.3671 weeks. We show that villous maturation is machine-recognizable. Machine-estimated GA could be useful when GA is unknown or to study abnormalities of villous maturation, including those in gestational diabetes or preeclampsia. GestaltNet points toward a future of genuinely whole-slide digital pathology by incorporating human-like behaviors of attention and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Mobadersany
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lee A D Cooper
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jeffery A Goldstein
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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13
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Liu Y, Rollins AM, Levenson RM, Fereidouni F, Jenkins MW. Pocket MUSE: an affordable, versatile and high-performance fluorescence microscope using a smartphone. Commun Biol 2021; 4:334. [PMID: 33712728 PMCID: PMC7955119 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Smartphone microscopes can be useful tools for a broad range of imaging applications. This manuscript demonstrates the first practical implementation of Microscopy with Ultraviolet Surface Excitation (MUSE) in a compact smartphone microscope called Pocket MUSE, resulting in a remarkably effective design. Fabricated with parts from consumer electronics that are readily available at low cost, the small optical module attaches directly over the rear lens in a smartphone. It enables high-quality multichannel fluorescence microscopy with submicron resolution over a 10× equivalent field of view. In addition to the novel optical configuration, Pocket MUSE is compatible with a series of simple, portable, and user-friendly sample preparation strategies that can be directly implemented for various microscopy applications for point-of-care diagnostics, at-home health monitoring, plant biology, STEM education, environmental studies, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehe Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrew M Rollins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Richard M Levenson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Farzad Fereidouni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Michael W Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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14
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Cesaretti M, Gal J, Bouveyron C, Diaspro A, Fontas E, Antonini A, Anty R, Iannelli A, Patouraux S. Accurate assessment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease lesions in liver allograft biopsies by a smartphone platform: A proof of concept. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:1025-1031. [PMID: 32608555 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrovesicular steatosis (MS) is a major risk factor for liver graft failure after transplantation and pathological microscopic examination of a frozen tissue section remains the gold standard for its assessment. However, the latter requires an experienced in-house pathologist for correct and rapid diagnosis as well as specific equipment that is not always available. Smartphones, which are must-have tools for everyone, are very suitable for incorporation into promising technology to generate moveable diagnostic tools as for telepathology. The study aims to compare the microscopic assessment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) spectrum in liver allograft biopsies by a smartphone microscopy platform (DIPLE device) to standard light microscopy. Forty-two liver graft biopsies were evaluated in transmitted light, using an iPhone X and the microscopy platform. A significant correlation was reported between the two different approaches for graft MS assessment (Spearman's correlation coefficient: r = .93; p < .001) and for steatohepatitis feature (r = .56; p < .001; r = .45; p < .001). Based on these findings, a smartphone integrated with a cheap microscopy platform can achieve adequate accuracy in the assessment of NAFLD in liver graft and could be used as an alternative to standard light microscopy when the latter is unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cesaretti
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice - Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Archet Hospital, Nice, France.,Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jocelyn Gal
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Charles Bouveyron
- Laboratoire Jean-Alexandre Dieudonné, UMR 7351, Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | | | - Eric Fontas
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France.,Laboratoire Jean-Alexandre Dieudonné, UMR 7351, Université Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Andrea Antonini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.,SmartMicroOptics Srl, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rodolphe Anty
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice - Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Archet Hospital, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Inserm, U1065, Team 8 "Hepatic Complications of Obesity and Alcohol", Nice, France
| | - Antonio Iannelli
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice - Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Archet Hospital, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Inserm, U1065, Team 8 "Hepatic Complications of Obesity and Alcohol", Nice, France
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15
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Zhu W, Pirovano G, O’Neal PK, Gong C, Kulkarni N, Nguyen CD, Brand C, Reiner T, Kang D. Smartphone epifluorescence microscopy for cellular imaging of fresh tissue in low-resource settings. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:89-98. [PMID: 32010502 PMCID: PMC6968742 DOI: 10.1364/boe.11.000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Disease diagnosis in low-resource settings can be challenging due to the lack of equipment and trained personnel required for histologic analysis. In this paper, we have developed a smartphone-based epifluorescence microscope (SeFM) for imaging fresh tissues at sub-cellular resolution. SeFM provides similar resolution and field of view (FOV) as those used during histologic analysis. The SeFM device achieved the lateral resolution of 0.57 µm and provided microscopy images over a sample area larger than 500 µm. The material cost was low, approximately $3,000. Preliminary images of human pancreatic tumor specimens clearly visualized cellular details. Quantitative analysis showed that using an excess dose of a chemotherapy drug significantly reduced the tumor-specific fluorescence signal, confirming the specificity of the drug and the detection potential of SeFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zhu
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Giacomo Pirovano
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Patrick K. O’Neal
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Cheng Gong
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Nachiket Kulkarni
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY 10065, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dongkyun Kang
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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16
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Prakash BA, Toro CP. Modulating the Zebrafish Camouflage Response Pathway to Illustrate Neuroendocrine Control Over a Robust and Quantifiable Behavior. JOURNAL OF UNDERGRADUATE NEUROSCIENCE EDUCATION : JUNE : A PUBLICATION OF FUN, FACULTY FOR UNDERGRADUATE NEUROSCIENCE 2019; 18:A57-A64. [PMID: 31983901 PMCID: PMC6973300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish detect the light levels of their surroundings and adjust their coloration in response. By controlling the location of melanosome pigment granules within melanocytes in their dermis, fish can lighten or darken their appearance to blend in with their environment. This camouflage response pathway, which begins in the retina and ends in the melanocyte, involves both neuronal and endocrine signaling. Ultimately, two hormones, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone and melanin concentrating hormone, converge on the melanocyte and cause dispersion or aggregation of melanosomes, respectively; the camouflage behavior can therefore be modulated both environmentally and pharmacologically. Here, we describe a two-part protocol designed for use in an undergraduate laboratory. Students induce the camouflage response by exposing zebrafish larvae to darkness or bright light, in conjunction with pharmacological treatments that alter the ability of the larvae to properly respond to these environmental cues. Students then fix the larvae, take photographs of their samples using their smartphones and dissecting microscopes, and directly measure the camouflage response by quantifying the size of melanocytes using ImageJ software. Finally, students present their data in a single professional-quality figure with an accompanying detailed figure legend. This protocol enables students to gain unique laboratory experiences in which they modulate and quantify a hormone-driven behavior, observable on a cellular level. It can therefore complement course topics in neurobiology, endocrinology, animal physiology, animal behavior, and cell biology classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A Prakash
- Biology Department, Sarah Lawrence College, Bronxville, NY 10708
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17
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Cheon WH, Park HJ, Park MJ, Lim MY, Park JH, Kang BJ, Park NC. Validation of a smartphone-based, computer-assisted sperm analysis system compared with laboratory-based manual microscopic semen analysis and computer-assisted semen analysis. Investig Clin Urol 2019; 60:380-387. [PMID: 31501801 PMCID: PMC6722405 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2019.60.5.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a portable smartphone-based system for computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) compared with the results of manual microscopic semen analysis (SA) and laboratory-based CASA for self-evaluation of semen parameters by a male partner. Materials and Methods From July 2017 to February 2018, a total of 28 samples were analyzed for concentration and motility with a smartphone-based CASA system and the results compared with those from laboratory-based CASA and manual microscopic SA with a Makler Counting Chamber (SEFI Medical Instruments, Israel). Results Sperm concentration and motility measured with the smartphone-based CASA system were positively correlated with the microscopic-based results. Likewise, sperm motility calculated with smartphone-based CASA was positively correlated with the laboratory-based CASA results. These results suggest that the smartphone-based CASA system can be used for clinical semen diagnosis. Conclusions A portable smartphone-based CASA system can play a role in motivating infertile males to visit clinics, thus resulting in early diagnosis and treatment with cost-effectiveness. The device can be used for easy follow-up on a screening basis by the male partner before visiting a clinic for fertility evaluation or by infertile males after receiving medical management. Additionally, future software advancements and post-marketing consumer surveys will make possible wider applications, including assessment of sperm morphology, in the coming future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Hee Cheon
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Park
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Jung Park
- The Korea Institute for Public Sperm Bank, Busan, Korea
| | - Mi Young Lim
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jih Hoon Park
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Byeong Jin Kang
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Nam Cheol Park
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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18
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Liddell C, Morini A, Mittler F, Boulagnon-Rombi C. [Pathologist versus social media: A survival guide]. Ann Pathol 2019; 39:100-112. [PMID: 30712984 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Social networks have changed the communication tools among healthcare professionals, enabling instantaneous and globalized sharing and monitoring of information. While more and more pathologists are taking advantage of these tools, some do not yet know them well, or have concerns about their use. These platforms have many advantages and the potential risks can be minimized by appropriate use. A pathologist community is very active, especially on Twitter and Facebook. They share and discuss interesting cases, communicate around our specialty or simply strengthen links between pathologists around the world. Professional organizations and pathology journals are also present. This article aims to present social networks, their pros and cons and to give some good practice tips and examples of uses of the 2 main social networks used in pathology: Facebook and Twitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charly Liddell
- Laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique, centre hospitalier de la Roche-sur-Yon, 85000 La Roche-sur-Yon, France
| | - Aurélien Morini
- Service d'anatomopathologie, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Faustine Mittler
- Laboratoire ouest pathologie, site de Lorient, 56100 Lorient, France
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19
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Hernández-Neuta I, Neumann F, Brightmeyer J, Ba Tis T, Madaboosi N, Wei Q, Ozcan A, Nilsson M. Smartphone-based clinical diagnostics: towards democratization of evidence-based health care. J Intern Med 2019; 285:19-39. [PMID: 30079527 PMCID: PMC6334517 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements in bioanalytical techniques have led to the development of novel and robust diagnostic approaches that hold promise for providing optimal patient treatment, guiding prevention programs and widening the scope of personalized medicine. However, these advanced diagnostic techniques are still complex, expensive and limited to centralized healthcare facilities or research laboratories. This significantly hinders the use of evidence-based diagnostics for resource-limited settings and the primary care, thus creating a gap between healthcare providers and patients, leaving these populations without access to precision and quality medicine. Smartphone-based imaging and sensing platforms are emerging as promising alternatives for bridging this gap and decentralizing diagnostic tests offering practical features such as portability, cost-effectiveness and connectivity. Moreover, towards simplifying and automating bioanalytical techniques, biosensors and lab-on-a-chip technologies have become essential to interface and integrate these assays, bringing together the high precision and sensitivity of diagnostic techniques with the connectivity and computational power of smartphones. Here, we provide an overview of the emerging field of clinical smartphone diagnostics and its contributing technologies, as well as their wide range of areas of application, which span from haematology to digital pathology and rapid infectious disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hernández-Neuta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, SE, Sweden
| | - F Neumann
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, SE, Sweden
| | - J Brightmeyer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - T Ba Tis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - N Madaboosi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, SE, Sweden
| | - Q Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - A Ozcan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Nilsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Solna, SE, Sweden
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20
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Williams V, Kovarik C. Long-Range Diagnosis of and Support for Skin Conditions in Field Settings. Trop Med Infect Dis 2018; 3:E84. [PMID: 30274480 PMCID: PMC6160944 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed3030084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin diseases are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide; however, access to dermatology services are critically limited, particularly in low- to middle-income countries (LMIC), where there is an overall shortage of physicians. Implementation of long-range technological support tools has been growing in an effort to provide quality dermatology care to even the most remote settings globally. eHealth strategies can provide realistic healthcare solutions if implemented in a feasible and sensitive way, customizing tools to address the unique needs and resource limitations of the local setting. This article summarizes the various types of telemedicine and mobile health (mHealth) tools and their practical applications and benefits for patient care. The challenges and barriers of teledermatology are discussed, as well as steps to consider when implementing a new teledermatology initiative. eHealth arguably offers one of the most flexible and realistic tools for providing critically needed access to dermatology skills in underserved LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Williams
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Carrie Kovarik
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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21
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Kiuchi K. Better detection of Demodex mites by Löffler's alkaline methylene blue staining in patients with blepharitis. Clin Ophthalmol 2018; 12:727-731. [PMID: 29713140 PMCID: PMC5907897 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s157910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether the Löffler’s alkaline methylene blue staining method is better than no staining in detecting Demodex mites in the eyelashes of patients with blepharitis. Materials and methods Eyelashes were collected from 22 patients with blepharitis. The mean age of the patients was 82.5±6.2 years (± SD) with a range from 71 to 93 years. Eyelashes were epilated by forceps and placed individually on microscope slides. The number of Demodex mites was determined by conventional optical microscopy before and immediately after the addition of the methylene blue staining solution. Results The mean Demodex count before the addition of the methylene blue solution was 2.9±2.9, and it was 4.4±3.9 after the addition of the methylene blue solution (P<0.01, Wilcoxon test). Conclusion The methylene blue staining method is a simple and useful method in detecting the presence and quantifying the number of Demodex mites. We recommend the methylene blue staining method not only for the diagnosis of the presence of Demodex mites but also to evaluate the therapeutic effects of medications to eliminate the mite infestation.
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22
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Effective use of Twitter and Facebook in pathology practice. Hum Pathol 2018; 73:128-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Enhanced Worldwide Dermatology–Pathology Interaction via Facebook, Twitter, and Other Social Media Platforms. Am J Dermatopathol 2018; 40:168-172. [DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vij SC, Agarwal A. Editorial on "An automated smartphone-based diagnostic assay for point-of-care semen analysis". ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:507. [PMID: 29299468 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.09.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Coleman Vij
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urologic and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urologic and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Sahin D, Hacisalihoglu UP, Kirimlioglu SH. Telecytology: Is it possible with smartphone images? Diagn Cytopathol 2017; 46:40-46. [PMID: 29115040 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to discuss smartphone usage in telecytology and determine intraobserver concordance between microscopic cytopathological diagnoses and diagnoses derived via static smartphone images. METHODS The study was conducted with 172 cytologic material. A pathologist captured static images of the cytology slides from the ocular lens of a microscope using a smartphone. The images were transferred via WhatsApp® to a cytopathologist working in another center who made all the microscopic cytopathological diagnoses 5-27 months ago. The cytopathologist diagnosed images on a smartphone without knowledge of their previous microscopic diagnoses. The Kappa agreement between microscopic cytopathological diagnoses and smartphone image diagnoses was determined. RESULTS The average image capturing, transfer, and remote cytopathological diagnostic time for one case was 6.20 minutes. The percentage of cases whose microscopic and smartphone image diagnoses were concordant was 84.30%, and the percentage of those whose diagnoses were discordant was 15.69%. The highest Kappa agreement was observed in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (1.000), and the lowest agreement was observed in urine cytology (0.665). Patient management changed with smart phone image diagnoses at 11.04%. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that easy, fast, and high-quality image capturing and transfer is possible from cytology slides using smartphones. The intraobserver Kappa agreement between the microscopic cytopathological diagnoses and remote smartphone image diagnoses was high. It was found that remote diagnosis due to difficulties in telecytology might change patient management. The developments in the smartphone camera technology and transfer software make them efficient telepathology and telecytology tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davut Sahin
- Department of Pathology, Acibadem Health Group, Istanbul, Turkey
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Cesaretti M, Poté N, Dondero F, Cauchy F, Schneck AS, Soubrane O, Paradis V, Diaspro A, Antonini A. Testing feasibility of an accurate microscopic assessment of macrovesicular steatosis in liver allograft biopsies by smartphone add-on lenses. Microsc Res Tech 2017; 81:58-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cesaretti
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation; Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP; Clichy France
- Department of Nanophysics; Instituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30; Genova 16163 Italy
| | - Nicolas Poté
- Department of Pathology; Hôpital Beaujon, DHU UNITY, AP-HP, Clichy, France and INSERM UMR1149; Paris France
| | - Federica Dondero
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation; Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP; Clichy France
| | - François Cauchy
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation; Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP; Clichy France
| | - Anne Sophie Schneck
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation; Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP; Clichy France
| | - Olivier Soubrane
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation; Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP; Clichy France
| | - Valerie Paradis
- Department of Pathology; Hôpital Beaujon, DHU UNITY, AP-HP, Clichy, France and INSERM UMR1149; Paris France
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Department of Nanophysics; Instituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30; Genova 16163 Italy
| | - Andrea Antonini
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30; Genova 16163 Italy
- Department of R&D; SmartMicroOptics Srl, via G. di Cornigliano 6r; Genova 16152 Italy
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Yu H, Gao F, Jiang L, Ma S. Development of a Whole Slide Imaging System on Smartphones and Evaluation With Frozen Section Samples. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2017; 5:e132. [PMID: 28916508 PMCID: PMC5622289 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.8242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to develop scalable Whole Slide Imaging (sWSI), a WSI system based on mainstream smartphones coupled with regular optical microscopes. This ultra-low-cost solution should offer diagnostic-ready imaging quality on par with standalone scanners, supporting both oil and dry objective lenses of different magnifications, and reasonably high throughput. These performance metrics should be evaluated by expert pathologists and match those of high-end scanners. OBJECTIVE The aim was to develop scalable Whole Slide Imaging (sWSI), a whole slide imaging system based on smartphones coupled with optical microscopes. This ultra-low-cost solution should offer diagnostic-ready imaging quality on par with standalone scanners, supporting both oil and dry object lens of different magnification. All performance metrics should be evaluated by expert pathologists and match those of high-end scanners. METHODS In the sWSI design, the digitization process is split asynchronously between light-weight clients on smartphones and powerful cloud servers. The client apps automatically capture FoVs at up to 12-megapixel resolution and process them in real-time to track the operation of users, then give instant feedback of guidance. The servers first restitch each pair of FoVs, then automatically correct the unknown nonlinear distortion introduced by the lens of the smartphone on the fly, based on pair-wise stitching, before finally combining all FoVs into one gigapixel VS for each scan. These VSs can be viewed using Internet browsers anywhere. In the evaluation experiment, 100 frozen section slides from patients randomly selected among in-patients of the participating hospital were scanned by both a high-end Leica scanner and sWSI. All VSs were examined by senior pathologists whose diagnoses were compared against those made using optical microscopy as ground truth to evaluate the image quality. RESULTS The sWSI system is developed for both Android and iPhone smartphones and is currently being offered to the public. The image quality is reliable and throughput is approximately 1 FoV per second, yielding a 15-by-15 mm slide under 20X object lens in approximately 30-35 minutes, with little training required for the operator. The expected cost for setup is approximately US $100 and scanning each slide costs between US $1 and $10, making sWSI highly cost-effective for infrequent or low-throughput usage. In the clinical evaluation of sample-wise diagnostic reliability, average accuracy scores achieved by sWSI-scan-based diagnoses were as follows: 0.78 for breast, 0.88 for uterine corpus, 0.68 for thyroid, and 0.50 for lung samples. The respective low-sensitivity rates were 0.05, 0.05, 0.13, and 0.25 while the respective low-specificity rates were 0.18, 0.08, 0.20, and 0.25. The participating pathologists agreed that the overall quality of sWSI was generally on par with that produced by high-end scanners, and did not affect diagnosis in most cases. Pathologists confirmed that sWSI is reliable enough for standard diagnoses of most tissue categories, while it can be used for quick screening of difficult cases. CONCLUSIONS As an ultra-low-cost alternative to whole slide scanners, diagnosis-ready VS quality and robustness for commercial usage is achieved in the sWSI solution. Operated on main-stream smartphones installed on normal optical microscopes, sWSI readily offers affordable and reliable WSI to resource-limited or infrequent clinical users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- Department of Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (originally named "Shanghai First People's Hospital"), Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (originally named "Shanghai First People's Hospital"), Shanghai, China
| | - Liren Jiang
- Department of Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (originally named "Shanghai First People's Hospital"), Shanghai, China
| | - Shuoxin Ma
- TerryDr Info Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Smartphone-based multi-contrast microscope using color-multiplexed illumination. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7564. [PMID: 28790342 PMCID: PMC5548908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07703-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a portable multi-contrast microscope capable of producing bright-field, dark-field, and differential phase contrast images of thin biological specimens on a smartphone platform. The microscopy method is based on an imaging scheme termed “color-coded light-emitting-diode (LED) microscopy (cLEDscope),” in which a specimen is illuminated with a color-coded LED array and light transmitted through the specimen is recorded by a color image sensor. Decomposition of the image into red, green, and blue colors and subsequent computation enable multi-contrast imaging in a single shot. In order to transform a smartphone into a multi-contrast imaging device, we developed an add-on module composed of a patterned color micro-LED array, specimen stage, and miniature objective. Simple installation of this module onto a smartphone enables multi-contrast imaging of transparent specimens. In addition, an Android-based app was implemented to acquire an image, perform the associated computation, and display the multi-contrast images in real time. Herein, the details of our smartphone module and experimental demonstrations with various biological specimens are presented.
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Shahriari N, Grant-Kels J, Murphy MJ. Dermatopathology education in the era of modern technology. J Cutan Pathol 2017; 44:763-771. [PMID: 28612388 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Continuing technological advances are inevitably impacting the study and practice of dermatopathology (DP). We are seeing the transition from glass slide microscopy to virtual microscopy, which is serving both as an accessible educational medium for medical students, residents and fellows in the form of online databases and atlases, as well as a research tool to better inform us regarding the development of visual diagnostic expertise. Expansion in mobile technology is simplifying slide image attainment and providing greater opportunities for phone- and tablet-based microscopy, including teledermatopathology instruction and consultation in resource-poor areas with lack of specialists. Easily accessible mobile and computer-based applications ("apps"), including myDermPath and Clearpath, are providing an interactive medium for DP instruction. The Internet and social networking sites are enabling rapid global communication of DP information and image-sharing, promoting collaborative diagnostic research and scholastic endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Shahriari
- Department of Dermatology, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Jane Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Michael J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
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Carlquist E, Lee NE, Shalin SC, Goodman M, Gardner JM. Dermatopathology and Social Media: A Survey of 131 Medical Professionals From 29 Countries. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 142:184-190. [PMID: 28657771 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0064-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT - Use of social media in the medical profession is an increasingly prevalent and sometimes controversial practice. Many doctors believe social media is the future and embrace it as an educational and collaborative tool. Others maintain reservations concerning issues such as patient confidentiality, and legal and ethical risks. OBJECTIVE - To explore the utility of social media as an educational and collaborative tool in dermatopathology. DESIGN - We constructed 2 identical surveys containing questions pertaining to the responders' demographics and opinions regarding the use of social media for dermatopathology. The surveys were available on Twitter and Facebook for a period of 10 days. RESULTS - The survey was completed by 131 medical professionals from 29 different countries: the majority (81%, 106 of 131) were 25 to 45 years of age. Most replied that they access Facebook or Twitter several times a day (68%, 89 of 131) for both professional and social purposes (77%, 101 of 131). The majority agreed that social media provides useful and relevant information, but stated limitations they would like addressed. CONCLUSIONS - Social media is a powerful tool with the ability to instantaneously share dermatopathology with medical professionals across the world. This study reveals the opinions and characteristics of the population of medical professionals currently using social media for education and collaboration in dermatopathology.
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Fogazzi GB, Garigali G. The different ways to obtain digital images of urine microscopy findings: Their advantages and limitations. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 466:160-161. [PMID: 28122200 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe three ways to take digital images of urine sediment findings. Way 1 encompasses a digital camera permanently mounted on the microscope and connected with a computer equipped with a proprietary software to acquire, process and store the images. Way 2 is based on the use of inexpensive compact digital cameras, held by hands - or mounted on a tripod - close to one eyepiece of the microscope. Way 3 is based on the use of smartphones, held by hands close to one eyepiece of the microscope or connected to the microscope by an adapter. The procedures, advantages and limitations of each way are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Fogazzi
- Clinical and Research Laboratory on Urinary Sediment, U.O. di Nefrologia, Dialisi e Trapianto di rene, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
| | - G Garigali
- Clinical and Research Laboratory on Urinary Sediment, U.O. di Nefrologia, Dialisi e Trapianto di rene, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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Roda A, Calabretta MM, Calabria D, Caliceti C, Cevenini L, Lopreside A, Zangheri M. Smartphone-Based Biosensors for Bioanalytics. PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE CHALLENGES OF BIOSENSORS AND BIOANALYTICAL TOOLS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY: A TRIBUTE TO PROFESSOR MARCO MASCINI 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Mondal H, Mondal S, Das D. Development of a Simple Smartphone Adapter for Digital Photomicrography. Indian Dermatol Online J 2017; 8:485-486. [PMID: 29204396 PMCID: PMC5707845 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_33_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Himel Mondal
- Department of Physiology, MKCG Medical College, Ganjam, Odisha, India
| | - Shaikat Mondal
- Department of Physiology, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Debasish Das
- Department of Physiology, MKCG Medical College, Ganjam, Odisha, India
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Kiuchi K. Rapid alkaline methylene blue supravital staining for assessment of anterior segment infections. Clin Ophthalmol 2016; 10:1971-1975. [PMID: 27784986 PMCID: PMC5067012 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s116616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To present the Löffler’s alkaline methylene blue technique of staining eye discharges in eyes with anterior segment infections. Method The Löffler’s alkaline methylene blue staining method is a simple staining technique that can be used to differentiate bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. It is a cationic dye that stains cells blue because the positively charged dye is attracted to negatively charged particles such as polyphosphates, DNAs, and RNAs. Specimens collected from patients by swabbing are smeared onto microscope slides and the methylene blue solution is dropped on the slide. The slide is covered with a glass cover slip and examined under a microscope. The entire time from the collection to the viewing is about 30 seconds. Results Histopathological images of the conjunctival epithelial cells and neutrophils in eye discharges were dyed blue and the nuclei were stained more intensely blue. Bacterial infections consisted mainly of neutrophils, and viral infections consisted mainly of lymphocytes. Conclusions Löffler’s alkaline methylene blue staining can be done in about 30 seconds for diagnosis. Even though this is a one color stain, it is possible to infer the cause of the infection by detection of the absence of bacteria and/or fungi in context of the differential distribution of neutrophils and lymphocytes.
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Singaravel S, Aleem MA. Hands-free: A Low-Cost Adapter for Smartphone Microscopic Photography Using a Cardboard Toilet-Paper Roll. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2016; 140:741-3. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0081-le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Singaravel
- Department of Pathology, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohammed Abdul Aleem
- Department of Pathology, Osmania Medical College, Koti, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
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Fuller MY, Mukhopadhyay S, Gardner JM. Using the Periscope Live Video-Streaming Application for Global Pathology Education: A Brief Introduction. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2016; 140:1273-1280. [PMID: 27441785 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0268-sa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Periscope is a live video-streaming smartphone application (app) that allows any individual with a smartphone to broadcast live video simultaneously to multiple smartphone users around the world. The aim of this review is to describe the potential of this emerging technology for global pathology education. To our knowledge, since the launch of the Periscope app (2015), only a handful of educational presentations by pathologists have been streamed as live video via Periscope. This review includes links to these initial attempts, a step-by-step guide for those interested in using the app for pathology education, and a summary of the pros and cons, including ethical/legal issues. We hope that pathologists will appreciate the potential of Periscope for sharing their knowledge, expertise, and research with a live (and potentially large) audience without the barriers associated with traditional video equipment and standard classroom/conference settings.
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Kobori Y, Pfanner P, Prins GS, Niederberger C. Novel device for male infertility screening with single-ball lens microscope and smartphone. Fertil Steril 2016; 106:574-8. [PMID: 27336208 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the usefulness of a novel semen analysis device consisting of a single-ball lens microscope paired with a state-of-the-art smartphone equipped with a camera. DESIGN Laboratory investigation. SETTING University research laboratory. PATIENT(S) A total of 50 semen samples obtained from volunteers were analyzed for count, concentration, and motility with an 0.8-mm ball lens and three types of smartphone. Comparisons were made with results obtained with a laboratory-based computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Sperm concentration; sperm motility. RESULT(S) Sperm concentration counted with a ball lens and each smartphone showed a very strong correlation with the CASA results. Likewise, sperm motility calculated with our device showed significant correlations to CASA. If eight spermatozoa or fewer were found on the field of view of an iPhone 6s, the semen specimens were considered to be below the lower reference limit for sperm concentration of World Health Organization 2010 guidelines (15 × 10(6) spermatozoa/mL). The sensitivity was 87.5%, and specificity was 90.9%. CONCLUSION(S) Smartphones have great potential to analyze semen because they are portable, contain excellent digital cameras, and can be easily attached to a microscope. A single-ball lens microscope is inexpensive and easy to use for acquiring digital microscopic movies. Given its small size and weight, the device can support testing for male fertility at home or in the field, making it much more convenient and economical than current practice. This single-ball lens microscope provides an easy solution for global users to rapidly screen for male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitomo Kobori
- Department of Urology, Dokkyo Medical University Koshigaya Hospital, Koshigaya, Japan; Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Peter Pfanner
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gail S Prins
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Craig Niederberger
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Saco A, Ramírez J, Rakislova N, Mira A, Ordi J. Validation of Whole-Slide Imaging for Histolopathogical Diagnosis: Current State. Pathobiology 2016; 83:89-98. [PMID: 27099935 DOI: 10.1159/000442823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid advances in informatics and technological improvements have led to the development of high-throughput whole-slide imaging (WSI) scanners able to produce high-quality digital images, which allow achieving a correct diagnosis of the biopsies using virtual viewers. This technology is currently prepared to be introduced in the departments of pathology for routine diagnosis. The aim of this review is to analyze the current evidence regarding the use of WSI in primary or routine diagnosis in the different subspecialties of pathology. An increasing number of studies have shown almost perfect inter- and intraobserver agreement between the diagnoses obtained with WSI and the classical diagnoses based on conventional light microscopy. The only exception seems to be cytology, which still requires some technological development. Although validation studies are needed in some areas of pathology, growing evidence indicates that WSI is a reliable tool for routine diagnosis. Pathologists have a positive perception of the ergonomics of the workstations, the low magnification of WSI and the possibility of making annotations and measurements. WSI can be used from any device and anywhere, thereby providing great opportunities for teleconsultation. New technologies such as the recognition of histopathology patterns using image analysis may facilitate diagnosis and improve the reproducibility among pathologists in the future.
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Chen JJ, Lemieux BT, Wong BJF. A Low-Cost Method of Ciliary Beat Frequency Measurement Using iPhone and MATLAB: Rabbit Study. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 155:252-6. [PMID: 27048675 DOI: 10.1177/0194599816640219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To determine ciliary beat frequency (CBF) using a consumer-grade cellphone camera and MATLAB and (2) to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method. STUDY DESIGN Prospective animal study. SETTING Academic otolaryngology department research laboratory. METHODS Five ex vivo tracheal samples were extracted from 3 freshly euthanized (<3 hours postmortem) New Zealand white rabbits and incubated for 30 minutes in buffer at 23°C, buffer at 37°C, or 10% formalin at 23°C. Samples were sectioned transversely and observed under a phase-contrast microscope. Cilia movement was recorded through the eyepiece using an iPhone 6 at 240 frames per second (fps). Through MATLAB programming, the video of the 23°C sample was downsampled to 120, 60, and 30 fps, and Fourier analysis was performed on videos of all frame rates and conditions to determine CBF. CBF of the 23°C sample was also calculated manually frame by frame for verification. RESULTS Recorded at 240 fps, the CBF at 23°C was 5.03 ± 0.4 Hz, and the CBF at 37°C was 9.08 ± 0.49 Hz (P < .001). The sample with 10% formalin did not display any data beyond DC noise. Compared with 240 fps, the means of other frame rates/methods (120, 60, 30 fps; manual counting) at 23°C all showed no statistical difference (P > .05). CONCLUSION There is no significant difference between CBF measured via visual inspection and that analyzed by the developed program. Furthermore, all tested acquisition rates are shown to be effective, providing a fast and inexpensive alternative to current CBF measurement protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Bryan T Lemieux
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Brian J F Wong
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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Abstract
Recently, several technological advances have been introduced to mobile phones leading some people to refer to them as "smartphones." These changes have led to widespread consumer adoption. A similar adoption has occurred within the medical field and this revolution is changing the practice of medicine, including pathology. Several mobile applications have been published for dermatology, orthopedics, ophthalmology, neurosurgery, and clinical pathology. The applications are wide ranging, including mobile technology to increase patient engagement, self-monitoring by patients, clinical algorithm calculation, facilitation between experts to resource-poor environments. These advances have been received with mixed reviews. For anatomic pathology, mobile technology applications can be broken into 4 broad categories: (a) educational uses, (b) microscope with mobile phone, (c) mobile phone as microscope/acquisition device, and (d) miscellaneous. Using a mobile phone as an acquisition device paired with a microscope seems to be the most interesting current application because of the need for expert consultation with resource-poor environments. However, several emerging uses for mobile technology may become more prominent as the technology matures including image analysis, alternative light sources, and increased opportunities for clinician and patient engagement. The flexibility represented by mobile technology represents a burgeoning field in pathology informatics.
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Morrison AO, Gardner JM. The Morrison technique: a free-hand method for capturing photomicrographs using a smartphone. J Cutan Pathol 2015; 43:472-4. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annie O. Morrison
- University of Texas Southwestern Department of Dermatology and Dermatopathology; Cockerell Dermatopathology; 2110 Research Row, Suite 100 Dallas TX 75235 USA
| | - Jerad M. Gardner
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Department of Pathology and Dermatology; 4301 West Markham, #517 Little Rock AR 72205 USA
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Indu M, Sunil S, Rathy R, Binu MP. Imaging and image management: A survey on current outlook and awareness in pathology practice. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2015; 19:153-7. [PMID: 26604489 PMCID: PMC4611921 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.164525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flexibility of digital photography enables it to be an integral part of pathology practice. An assessment of guidelines of imaging is essential for proper usage of photographs. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to assess awareness of oral pathologists about various aspects of medical photography. METHODS Questionnaire based on the availability of facilities, usage, technical details and ethical issues of medical photography was sent to postgraduate students and teaching faculties of Oral Pathology in various localities in India. RESULTS Photographs were taken mostly for the purposes of publication, medical documentation and education. Significant number of postgraduate students and faculties of Oral Pathology didn't receive any training or hadn't gone through any publications/books (P = 0.000) about medical photography. Consent for patient photography was taken by significant number of respondents (P = 0.000) but in a verbal form. Majority of people used image editing software, but 19.0% of faculties and 21.1% of postgraduate students were unaware of deleterious effect of image editing. Firm and sensible instructions concerning image storage, sharing and accessibility were not yet created. CONCLUSION This survey drew attention towards lack of proper understanding about the technical details, medical protocols and ethical issues related to medical photography. These findings recommend implementation of basic training for medical photography and policy for image management for students and faculties in every health care institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Indu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Azeezia College of Dental Sciences and Research, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - S Sunil
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences and Research, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - R Rathy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Azeezia College of Dental Sciences and Research, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - M P Binu
- Private Practitioner, Consultant Dental Surgeon, Vayalar (P.O), Cherthala, Alappuzha, Kerala, India
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Agarwal S, Zhao L, Zhang R, Hassell L. FaceTime validation study: Low-cost streaming video for cytology adequacy assessment. Cancer Cytopathol 2015; 124:213-20. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Agarwal
- Department of Pathology; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Oklahoma City Oklahoma
| | - Lichao Zhao
- Department of Pathology; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Oklahoma City Oklahoma
| | - Roy Zhang
- Department of Pathology; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Oklahoma City Oklahoma
| | - Lewis Hassell
- Department of Pathology; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Oklahoma City Oklahoma
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Zhou C, Yu Y, Xue R, Elston DM. High-quality digital photomicrography utilizing a smartphone without adapter. J Cutan Pathol 2015; 43:82-4. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- Ackerman Academy of Dermatopathology; New York NY USA
- Department of Dermatology; Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Yan Yu
- Ackerman Academy of Dermatopathology; New York NY USA
- Department of Dermatology; First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Ruzeng Xue
- Ackerman Academy of Dermatopathology; New York NY USA
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Abstract
Recent advances in hardware and computing power contained within mobile devices have made it possible to use these devices to improve and enhance pathologist workflow. This article discusses the possible uses ranging from basic functions to intermediate functions to advanced functions. Barriers to implementation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Hartman
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, A-607, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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