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Biswas J, Jadhav S, Eswaran BV. Evolution of research in diagnosis and management of uveitis over four decades in India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2024; 72:809-815. [PMID: 38454865 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1577_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Uveitis and its complications are more common in the developing world, in which the condition occurs in up to 714 per 100,000 in the population and accounts for up to 25% of all blindness. In India, the ophthalmic sub speciality of uveitis greatly evolved in the last four decades. In the early decades most of the studies were epidemiological studies. In recent years, more research has been published due to tremendous advancements in clinical diagnosis, laboratory investigations and ancillary test and treatment modalities. In this review article, we did a medline search with key words 'uveitis' and 'India', and selectively incorporated articles showing the evolution of this sub-speciality in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmay Biswas
- Department of Uveitis and Ocular Pathology, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sourabh Jadhav
- Department of Vitreo Retina, Shri Bhagvan Mahavir, Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Tilak R, Karade S, Yadav AK, Singh P, Shahbabu B, Gupte M, Bajaj S, Kaushik S. Lyme Borreliosis, a public health concern in India: Findings of Borrelia burgdorferi serosurvey from two states. Med J Armed Forces India 2024; 80:294-300. [PMID: 38799997 PMCID: PMC11117054 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lyme borreliosis is a public health concern in India. The prevalence of the disease is still undetermined with major entomological and epidemiological gaps. The present study was conducted to determine the seropositivity of Borrelia burgdorferi in Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh, India. Methods A cross-sectional serosurvey was conducted in Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. Data collection tools were developed and standardized for the collection of clinico-socio-demographic data. Sample size for each site was calculated using the formula for the estimation of a single proportion. Qualitative detection of IgG antibodies in serum samples was done using NovaLisa™ Lyme Borrelia IgG ELISA kit. Results A total of 793 participants were enrolled, 484 (61%) from Arunachal Pradesh and 309 (39%) from Sikkim. Out of 793 participants, 21 (2.7%), 22 (2.8%), 6 (0.8%), 29 (3.7%), 44 (5.5%), and 16 (2.1%) gave history of tick bite, rash, erythema migrans, migratory muscle pain, migratory joint pain, and numbness, respectively, in the past one year. The adjusted seroprevalence (for sensitivity and specificity of kit) for the study is 3.7 (2.4-5.2). No signs or symptoms were found to be associated with IgG ELISA positivity. The state-wise distribution of seropositivity for Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim was 4.1 (95% CI: 2.5-6.3) and 2.3 (95% CI: 0.9-4.6), respectively. Conclusion This study establishes the state of Sikkim as a new endemic area in India of Lyme disease besides its already reported endemicity in Arunachal Pradesh. No association was conclusively established between symptoms of Lyme and IgG seropositivity emphasizing the need for detailed history taking and clinical suspicion in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Tilak
- Scientist ‘G’, Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Santosh Karade
- Commanding Officer, 4014 Field Hospital, C/o 56 APO, India
| | - Arun Kumar Yadav
- Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - P.M.P. Singh
- Classified Specialist (Community Medicine), Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune, India
| | | | - M.D. Gupte
- Former Director, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swati Bajaj
- Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - S.K. Kaushik
- Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
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Shah JS, Burrascano JJ, Ramasamy R. Recombinant protein immunoblots for differential diagnosis of tick-borne relapsing fever and Lyme disease. J Vector Borne Dis 2023; 60:353-364. [PMID: 38174512 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.383641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease (LD) is caused by a group of tick-borne bacteria of the genus Borrelia termed Lyme disease Borreliae (LDB). The detection of serum antibodies to specific LDB antigens is widely used to support diagnosis of LD. Recent findings highlight a need for serological tests that can differentiate LD from tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) caused by a separate group of Borrelia species termed relapsing fever Borreliae. This is because LD and TBRF share some clinical symptoms and can occur in overlapping locations. The development of serological tests for TBRF is at an early stage compared with LD. This article reviews the application of line immunoblots (IBs), where recombinant proteins applied as lines on nitrocellulose membrane strips are used to detect antibodies in patient sera, for the diagnosis and differentiation of LD and TBRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna S Shah
- IGeneX Inc. Milpitas; ID-FISH Technology Inc., California, USA
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Aparna S, George S. Alternating Facial Palsy- Decoding the Enigma. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:2298-2301. [PMID: 37636694 PMCID: PMC10447636 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Facial palsy is a neurological emergency with a wide spectrum of aetiologies. The term 'alternating facial palsy', a very rare presentation, refers to facial paralysis, the onset of which occurs at different points in time on both sides of the face. It can occur in systemic vasculitis, trauma, tumours and infectious diseases. We report the case of a middle-aged female who presented with complaints of alternating facial palsy and the diligent journey that we took to finally reach a diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aparna
- Department of ENT & Head and Neck Surgery, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala India
| | - Shibu George
- Department of ENT & Head and Neck Surgery, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala India
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Dong Y, Zhou G, Cao W, Xu X, Zhang Y, Ji Z, Yang J, Chen J, Liu M, Fan Y, Kong J, Wen S, Li B, Yue P, Liu A, Bao F. Global seroprevalence and sociodemographic characteristics of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in human populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2021-007744. [PMID: 35697507 PMCID: PMC9185477 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bb) infection, the most frequent tick-transmitted disease, is distributed worldwide. This study aimed to describe the global seroprevalence and sociodemographic characteristics of Bb in human populations. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and other sources for relevant studies of all study designs through 30 December 2021 with the following keywords: ‘Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato’ AND ‘infection rate’; and observational studies were included if the results of human Bb antibody seroprevalence surveys were reported, the laboratory serological detection method reported and be published in a peer-reviewed journal. We screened titles/abstracts and full texts of papers and appraised the risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration-endorsed Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Data were synthesised narratively, stratified by different types of outcomes. We also conducted random effects meta-analysis where we had a minimum of two studies with 95% CIs reported. The study protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021261362). Results Of 4196 studies, 137 were eligible for full-text screening, and 89 (158 287 individuals) were included in meta-analyses. The reported estimated global Bb seroprevalence was 14.5% (95% CI 12.8% to 16.3%), and the top three regions of Bb seroprevalence were Central Europe (20.7%, 95% CI 13.8% to 28.6%), Eastern Asia (15.9%, 95% CI 6.6% to 28.3%) and Western Europe (13.5%, 95% CI 9.5% to 18.0%). Meta-regression analysis showed that after eliminating confounding risk factors, the methods lacked western blotting (WB) confirmation and increased the risk of false-positive Bb antibody detection compared with the methods using WB confirmation (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.2). Other factors associated with Bb seropositivity include age ≥50 years (12.6%, 95% CI 8.0% to 18.1%), men (7.8%, 95% CI 4.6% to 11.9%), residence of rural area (8.4%, 95% CI 5.0% to 12.6%) and suffering tick bites (18.8%, 95% CI 10.1% to 29.4%). Conclusion The reported estimated global Bb seropositivity is relatively high, with the top three regions as Central Europe, Western Europe and Eastern Asia. Using the WB to confirm Bb serological results could significantly improve the accuracy. More studies are needed to improve the accuracy of global Lyme borreliosis burden estimates. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021261362.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Guozhong Zhou
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenjing Cao
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Xu
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenhua Ji
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiaru Yang
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Meixiao Liu
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuxin Fan
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Kong
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shiyuan Wen
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bingxue Li
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Yunnan Province Key Laboratory for Tropical Infectious Diseases in Universities, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Peng Yue
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Aihua Liu
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China .,Yunnan Province Key Laboratory for Tropical Infectious Diseases in Universities, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fukai Bao
- The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China .,Yunnan Province Key Laboratory for Tropical Infectious Diseases in Universities, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Magnavita N, Capitanelli I, Ilesanmi O, Chirico F. Occupational Lyme Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020296. [PMID: 35204387 PMCID: PMC8870942 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease (LD) can have significant consequences for the health of workers. The frequency of infection can be estimated by using prevalence and incidence data on antibodies against Borrelia Burgdoferi (BB). A systematic search of studies published in English between 2002 and 2021 and a meta-analysis were conducted in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Out of a total of 1125 studies retrieved, 35 articles were included in the systematic review. Overall, in these studies, outdoor workers showed a 20.5% BB seroprevalence rate. Meta-analysis, performed on 15 studies (3932 subjects), revealed a significantly increased risk in outdoor activities (OR 1.93 95%CI 1.15–3.23), with medium-level heterogeneity (I2 = 69.2%), and non-significant publication bias. The estimated OR in forestry and agricultural workers was 2.36 (CI95% 1.28; 4.34) in comparison with the controls, while a non-significant increase in risk (OR = 1.05, CI95% 0.28; 3.88) was found in the remaining categories of workers (veterinarians, animal breeders, soldiers). The estimated pooled risk was significantly higher in the studies published until 2010 (OR 3.03 95%CI 1.39–6.61), while in more recent studies the odds became non-significant (OR 1.08 95% CI 0.63–1.85). The promotion of awareness campaigns targeting outdoor workers in endemic areas, and the implementation of local programs aimed at controlling range expansion of vectors, are key strategies for protecting workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- Post-Graduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Science of Woman, Child & Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-34-7330-0367
| | - Ilaria Capitanelli
- Prevention Service in the Workplace (SPRESAL), Local Health Unit Roma 4, 00053 Civitavecchia, Italy;
| | - Olayinka Ilesanmi
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200281, Nigeria;
| | - Francesco Chirico
- Post-Graduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Health Service Department, Italian State Police, Ministry of the Interior, 20123 Milan, Italy
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Sandhu S, Pathania V, Vashisht D, Sengupta P. Disseminated secondary erythema migrans: Typical and atypical presentation of a rare disease in India. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF DR. D.Y. PATIL VIDYAPEETH 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_484_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Kayal N, Ghosh R, Mazumdar PS, Das S, Ghosh S, Pandit A, Benito-Leon J. Bilateral Facial Nerve Palsy in a Young Woman From West Bengal: Do Not Forget Lyme Neuroborreliosis. Neurol India 2021; 69:997-1001. [PMID: 34507428 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.325335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi can affect the nervous system in various ways, which can generate significant confusion and dilemma regarding diagnosis. From India, a country until recently known to be a nonendemic zone for Lyme disease, several cases and one study of Lyme neuroborreliosis have been published. The aim of this study was to describe a young woman with bilateral facial nerve palsy as the presenting manifestation of Lyme neuroborreliosis. We herein report a case of a lactating woman with acute onset progressive ascending flaccid tetraparesis that was preceded by a misdiagnosed bilateral facial nerve palsy. She was finally diagnosed to be a case of acute Lyme neuroborreliosis, which responded favorably to intravenous and orally administered antibiotics. The possibility of Lyme neuroborreliosis should be considered more often from now on because in the last year four cases with the kindred clinical syndrome have been described from a so-called "nonendemic zone."
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Affiliation(s)
- Niladri Kayal
- Department of General Medicine, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Ritwik Ghosh
- Department of General Medicine, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mazumdar
- Department of General Medicine, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Shambaditya Das
- Department of Neuromedicine, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Saumyajit Ghosh
- Department of General Medicine, Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Alak Pandit
- Department of Neuromedicine, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Julián Benito-Leon
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital "12 de Octubre"; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas; Department of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Vinayaraj EV, Gupta N, Sreenath K, Thakur CK, Gulati S, Anand V, Tripathi M, Bhatia R, Vibha D, Dash D, Soneja M, Kumar U, Padma MV, Chaudhry R. Clinical and laboratory evidence of Lyme disease in North India, 2016-2019. Travel Med Infect Dis 2021; 43:102134. [PMID: 34216802 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lyme disease is endemic to parts of the Americas, Europe and Asia. However, only a handful of sporadic cases have been reported from India. In this study, we systematically evaluated the clinical and epidemiological features of Lyme disease in North India. METHOD All samples were tested by using the standard two-tiered testing algorithm (STTA). Paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were used for demonstrating Borrelia burgdorferi specific intrathecal IgG antibody synthesis (AI). In addition, a commercial tick-borne bacterial flow chip (TBFC) system and a real-time PCR were also used to detect Borrelia species and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in patients who were positive by STTA. RESULTS The diagnosis of Lyme disease was confirmed in 18 (7.14%) of the 252 clinically suspected cases by STTA. Neurological involvement was reported in 14 (77.78%) patients, whereas joint and heart involvement was reported in five (27.78%) and three (16.67%) patients, respectively. Lymphocytic pleocytosis (median 37.5 cells/mm3; range 12-175 cells/mm3) in the CSF was seen in 11 of 14 Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) patients. Intrathecal production of Borrelia specific IgG antibodies was demonstrated in 9 (64.28%, n = 14) patients, a highly specific finding for neuroborreliosis. Two patients (11.11%) were also found to be co-infected with human granulocytic anaplasmosis. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show clinical and laboratory evidence of endemic Lyme disease in North India and thus, highlight the importance for travel medicine practitioners and physicians to evaluate for Lyme disease in patients with compatible symptoms and a history of travel to tick risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Vinayaraj
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitin Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - K Sreenath
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandan Kumar Thakur
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheffali Gulati
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaishakh Anand
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Vibha
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepa Dash
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Soneja
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Kumar
- Department of Rheumatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M V Padma
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rama Chaudhry
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Burthe SJ, Schäfer SM, Asaaga FA, Balakrishnan N, Chanda MM, Darshan N, Hoti SL, Kiran SK, Seshadri T, Srinivas PN, Vanak AT, Purse BV. Reviewing the ecological evidence base for management of emerging tropical zoonoses: Kyasanur Forest Disease in India as a case study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009243. [PMID: 33793560 PMCID: PMC8016103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Zoonoses disproportionately affect tropical communities and are associated with human modification and use of ecosystems. Effective management is hampered by poor ecological understanding of disease transmission and often focuses on human vaccination or treatment. Better ecological understanding of multi-vector and multi-host transmission, social and environmental factors altering human exposure, might enable a broader suite of management options. Options may include "ecological interventions" that target vectors or hosts and require good knowledge of underlying transmission processes, which may be more effective, economical, and long lasting than conventional approaches. New frameworks identify the hierarchical series of barriers that a pathogen needs to overcome before human spillover occurs and demonstrate how ecological interventions may strengthen these barriers and complement human-focused disease control. We extend these frameworks for vector-borne zoonoses, focusing on Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus (KFDV), a tick-borne, neglected zoonosis affecting poor forest communities in India, involving complex communities of tick and host species. We identify the hierarchical barriers to pathogen transmission targeted by existing management. We show that existing interventions mainly focus on human barriers (via personal protection and vaccination) or at barriers relating to Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) vectors (tick control on cattle and at the sites of host (monkey) deaths). We review the validity of existing management guidance for KFD through literature review and interviews with disease managers. Efficacy of interventions was difficult to quantify due to poor empirical understanding of KFDV-vector-host ecology, particularly the role of cattle and monkeys in the disease transmission cycle. Cattle are hypothesised to amplify tick populations. Monkeys may act as sentinels of human infection or are hypothesised to act as amplifying hosts for KFDV, but the spatial scale of risk arising from ticks infected via monkeys versus small mammal reservoirs is unclear. We identified 19 urgent research priorities for refinement of current management strategies or development of ecological interventions targeting vectors and host barriers to prevent disease spillover in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Burthe
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Natrajan Balakrishnan
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Narayanaswamy Darshan
- Department of Health and Family Welfare Services, Government of Karnataka, Shivamogga, India
- ICMR-National Institute for Traditional Medicine, Belgavi, India
| | - Subhash L. Hoti
- ICMR-National Institute for Traditional Medicine, Belgavi, India
| | - Shivani K. Kiran
- Department of Health and Family Welfare Services, Government of Karnataka, Shivamogga, India
| | - Tanya Seshadri
- Vivekananda Gorukana Kalyana Kendra (VGKK), Chamarajanagar, India
| | - Prashanth N. Srinivas
- Ashoka Trust for Ecology and the Environment, Bengaluru, India
- DBT/Wellcome Trust India Alliance Fellow, Hyderabad, India
- Institute of Public Health, Bangalore, India
| | - Abi T. Vanak
- Ashoka Trust for Ecology and the Environment, Bengaluru, India
- DBT/Wellcome Trust India Alliance Fellow, Hyderabad, India
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bethan V. Purse
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom
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Pandit A, Das S, Dutta A, Sarkar P, Dubey S, Lahiri D, Gangopadhyay G, Ray B. Bilateral facial palsy in neuroborreliosis. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2021; 24:990-991. [PMID: 35359539 PMCID: PMC8965962 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_698_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Dutta Majumder P. Commentary: Tick talk: A glimpse into the literature. Indian J Ophthalmol 2019; 68:104-105. [PMID: 31856482 PMCID: PMC6951136 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1539_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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