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Chu WM, Nishita Y, Tange C, Zhang S, Furuya K, Shimokata H, Lee MC, Arai H, Otsuka R. Effects of cigarette smoking and secondhand smoke exposure on physical frailty development among community-dwelling older adults in Japan: Evidence from a 10-year population-based cohort study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24 Suppl 1:142-149. [PMID: 37885346 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study explored longitudinally the relationship between smoking and secondhand smoke and the incidence of physical frailty in community-dwelling Japanese older people. METHODS Data collected from the National Institute for Longevity Sciences-Longitudinal Study of Aging database from 2002 to 2012 (third to seventh wave) among older adults aged ≥65 years were analyzed. Participants with physical frailty at baseline, as determined by the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria, missing data or who failed to attend follow ups were excluded. Data on current cigarette smoking and secondhand smoke exposure were collected from the third wave results. The generalized estimating equation model was used to examine the longitudinal relationships between smoking, secondhand smoke and subsequent frailty. RESULTS The final analysis included 540 participants with a mean age of 71.4 years (standard deviation 4.6). The generalized estimating equation analysis showed that, compared with non-smokers, smokers were at significant risk of physical frailty (odds ratio [OR] 2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-4.74) after adjustment for multiple covariates; especially men (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.76-8.00) and older adults aged ≥75 years (OR 4.12, 95% CI 1.43-11.87). Participants exposed to both smoking and secondhand smoke had a higher risk of physical frailty (OR 3.47, 95% CI 1.56-7.73) than non-smokers without secondhand smoke exposure. Smokers exposed to secondhand smoke were associated with more risk of physical frailty (OR 9.03, 95% CI 2.42-33.77) compared with smokers without secondhand smoke exposure. CONCLUSIONS Smoking, especially when combined with secondhand smoke exposure, is associated with future physical frailty among older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 142-149.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Chu
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Tobacco Treatment and Management, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishita
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Chikako Tange
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Kanae Furuya
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimokata
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, AIchi, Japan
| | - Meng-Chih Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Population Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- College of Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Rei Otsuka
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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Jinyi W, Zhang Y, Wang K, Peng P. Global, regional, and national mortality of tuberculosis attributable to alcohol and tobacco from 1990 to 2019: A modelling study based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04023. [PMID: 38175959 PMCID: PMC10767425 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is expected to become the second leading single cause of death with several risk factors, but the related disease burden is currently unknown. We aimed to analyse the pre-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) changes in mortality of TB attributable to alcohol and tobacco worldwide from 1990 to 2019. Methods We obtained data of TB deaths and age-standardised death rates attributed to alcohol and cigarette in 204 countries and territories from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 public database. We performed a spatial-temporal analysis of age-standardised death rate and the average annual per cent change (AAPC), after which we analysed the effects of gender and socio-demographic index on age-standardised death rate using an age-period-cohort model. Finally, we built machine learning models to predict the TB age-standardised death rate in 2035. Results We found that the global age-standardised death rate of TB attributable to alcohol consumption declined from 5.35 (95% uncertainty interval (UI) = 3.51, 7.00) in 1990 to 2.54 (95% UI = 1.65, 3.33) in 2019, with significant declines in Andean Latin America (AAPC = -7.59; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -8, -7.16, P < 0.05), East Asia (AAPC = -7.32; 95% CI = -8.00, -6.62, P < 0.05), and Central Latin America (AAPC = -7.31; 95% CI = -7.63, -6.99, P < 0.05). However, there was an increase in a few regions, especially in parts of Central Asia. The age-standardised death rate for TB attributable to cigarette smoking declined more rapidly than that for TB attributable to alcohol, from 7.45 (95% UI = 6.17, 8.72) to 2.21 (95% UI = 1.78, 2.64), especially in East Asia (AAPC = -6.64; 95% CI = -7.07, -6.2, P < 0.05), North Africa and Middle East (AAPC = -6.47; 95% CI = -6.67, -6.28, P < 0.05), and Andean Latin America (AAPC = -6.31; 95% CI = -6.87, -5.75, P < 0.05). However, TB attributable to cigarette smoking increased in parts of Eastern Europe. In both TB attributable to alcohol consumption and to cigarette smoking, the age-standardised death rate was much higher in men than in women. The age-period-cohort model results showed that TB attributable to alcohol consumption was the highest in older adults aged 60-80 years, while TB attributable to cigarette smoking was the highest in adults aged 40-60 years. Machine learning models projected that by 2035, the age-standardised death rate for TB attributable to alcohol consumption would be 1.29 (per 100 000 population), while the age-standardised death rate for TB attributable to cigarette consumption would be 0.37 (per 100 000 population), which might not achieve the 2035 global target for eliminating TB. Conclusions Globally, the age-standardised death rate for TB attributable to alcohol consumption declined slower than that attributable to cigarette smoking. Controlling these two factors would help achieve the global goal of TB elimination, especially for the elderly who are at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Jinyi
- Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection among 1,659 Silicosis Patients in Zhejiang Province, China. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0145122. [PMID: 36453892 PMCID: PMC9784764 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01451-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is a well-established risk factor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. This study aimed to estimate the burden and risk factors of M. tuberculosis infection. Silicosis patients from Zhejiang Province were screened for M. tuberculosis by sputum culture, chest radiographs, whole-blood gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release assay (QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube [QFT-GIT]), and tuberculin skin test (TST). Potential risk factors for M. tuberculosis were identified. Data for 1,659 patients were obtained from 1,684 participants. Of these, 1,656 (99.8%) were men, and the average age was 58 (54 to 63) years. The prevalence of active tuberculosis (ATB) was 6,340/100,000 (6.34%) people; the proportion of patients with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) was 50.6%. Age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.059, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.020 to 1.099, P = 0.003), being underweight (OR = 2.320, 95% CI = 1.057 to 5.089, P = 0.036), and having a history of exposure to TB patients (OR = 4.329, 95% CI = 1.992 to 9.434, P < 0.001) were associated with ATB; BCG vaccination could reduce ATB risk in silicosis patients (OR = 0.541, 95% CI = 0.307 to 0.954, P = 0.034). Among patients without ATB, the QFT-GIT positivity rate was 40.5%, which was affected by silicosis severity, while that of TST was 57.2%. BCG vaccination was an independent factor for LTBI risk reduction (OR = 0.612, 95% CI = 0.468 to 0.801, P < 0.001). The quantitative results of QFT-GIT decreased with silicosis stage (H = 6.037; P = 0.048). In conclusion, M. tuberculosis prevalence was high in silicosis patients. BCG vaccination reduced the risk of both ATB and LTBI in silicosis patients. IMPORTANCE This study evaluated the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in silicosis patients in mainland China and identified the potential risk factors for both active tuberculosis (ATB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because we demonstrated that M. tuberculosis prevalence was high among silicosis patients. BCG vaccination was an independent factor that reduced the risk of M. tuberculosis infection in patients with silicosis. Furthermore, we show that the prevalence of LTBI in patients with silicosis may have been underestimated by immunological detection methods. This study can help to identify targeted subgroups prioritized for M. tuberculosis control and to reduce the risk of disease development.
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Wada PY, Costa AG, Araújo-Pereira M, Barreto-Duarte B, Souza AB, Rocha MS, Figueiredo MC, Turner MM, Rolla VC, Kritski AL, Cordeiro-Santos M, Andrade BB, Sterling TR, Rebeiro PF. Possible sex difference in latent tuberculosis infection risk among close tuberculosis contacts. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 122:685-692. [PMID: 35843494 PMCID: PMC10041676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES More men than women develop and die of tuberculosis (TB). Fewer data exist on sex differences in latent TB infection (LTBI). We assessed for potential sex differences in LTBI acquisition among close TB contacts. METHODS Regional Prospective Observational Research for TB-Brazil is an observational multi-center cohort of individuals with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB and their close contacts. Participants were enrolled from five sites in Brazil from June 2015 - June 2019. Close contacts were followed for 24 months after enrollment, with LTBI defined as a positive interferon-γ release assay (IGRA; QuantiFERON 3rd or 4th generation) at baseline or 6 months. We performed univariate, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression and propensity-score weighted models to assess odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for LTBI acquisition by birth sex among close contacts. RESULTS Of 1093, 504 (46%) female close contacts were IGRA positive compared to 295 of 745 (40%) men. The unadjusted OR for IGRA positivity among women vs men was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.08-1.58). Bivariate adjustments yielded ORs in women vs men ranging from 1.19 to 1.33 (P-value range: <0.01-0.07). Multivariable regression and weighted models yielded similar ORs in women vs men, of 1.14 (95% CI: 0.92-1.41) and 1.15 (95% CI: 0.94-1.40), respectively. CONCLUSION The point estimate for LTBI among close TB contacts in Brazil was higher in women, though less pronounced in multivariable models. If the sex difference in LTBI is confirmed in additional settings, studies of possible underlying differences in socio-behavioral factors or TB pathogenesis are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Y Wada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA.
| | - Allyson G Costa
- Fundação Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Mariana Araújo-Pereira
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Barreto-Duarte
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Alexandra B Souza
- Fundação Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Michael S Rocha
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Instituto Brasileiro para Investigação da Tuberculose, Fundação José Silveira, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Marina C Figueiredo
- Vanderbilt Tuberculosis Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Megan M Turner
- Vanderbilt Tuberculosis Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Valeria C Rolla
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Micobacteriose, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Afrânio L Kritski
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Cordeiro-Santos
- Fundação Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Andrade
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil; Vanderbilt Tuberculosis Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA; Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Micobacteriose, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Laureate Universities, Salvador, Brazil; Curso de Medicina, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador, Brazil; Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (FTC), Salvador, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Timothy R Sterling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA; Vanderbilt Tuberculosis Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA.
| | - Peter F Rebeiro
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
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Altet N, Latorre I, Jiménez-Fuentes MÁ, Soriano-Arandes A, Villar-Hernández R, Milà C, Rodríguez-Fernández P, Muriel-Moreno B, Comella-del-Barrio P, Godoy P, Millet JP, de Souza-Galvão ML, Jiménez-Ruiz CA, Domínguez J. Tobacco Smoking and Second-Hand Smoke Exposure Impact on Tuberculosis in Children. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11072000. [PMID: 35407608 PMCID: PMC8999260 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11072000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about whether second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure affects tuberculosis (TB). Here, we investigate the association of cigarette smoke exposure with active TB and latent TB infection (LTBI) in children, analyzing Interferon-Gamma Release Assays’ (IGRAs) performance and cytokine immune responses. A total of 616 children from contact-tracing studies were included and classified regarding their smoking habits [unexposed, SHS, or smokers]. Risk factors for positive IGRAs, LTBI, and active TB were defined. GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-22, IL-17, TNF-α, IL-1RA and IP-10 cytokines were detected in a subgroup of patients. Being SHS exposed was associated with a positive IGRA [aOR (95% CI): 8.7 (5.9–12.8)] and was a main factor related with LTBI [aOR (95% CI): 7.57 (4.79–11.94)] and active TB [aOR (95% CI): 3.40 (1.45–7.98)]. Moreover, IGRAs’ sensitivity was reduced in active TB patients exposed to tobacco. IL-22, GM-CSF, IL-5, TNF-α, IP-10, and IL-13 were less secreted in LTBI children exposed to SHS. In conclusion, SHS is associated with LTBI and active TB in children. In addition, false-negative IGRAs obtained on active TB patients exposed to SHS, together with the decrease of specific cytokines released, suggest that tobacco may alter the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Altet
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Vall d’Hebron-Drassanes, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08001 Barcelona, Spain; (N.A.); (M.Á.J.-F.); (A.S.-A.); (C.M.); (M.L.d.S.-G.)
- Serveis Clínics, Unitat Clínica de Tractament Directament Observat de la Tuberculosi, 08022 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Irene Latorre
- Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (R.V.-H.); (P.R.-F.); (B.M.-M.); (P.C.-d.-B.); (J.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-033-0537
| | - María Ángeles Jiménez-Fuentes
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Vall d’Hebron-Drassanes, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08001 Barcelona, Spain; (N.A.); (M.Á.J.-F.); (A.S.-A.); (C.M.); (M.L.d.S.-G.)
| | - Antoni Soriano-Arandes
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Vall d’Hebron-Drassanes, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08001 Barcelona, Spain; (N.A.); (M.Á.J.-F.); (A.S.-A.); (C.M.); (M.L.d.S.-G.)
| | - Raquel Villar-Hernández
- Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (R.V.-H.); (P.R.-F.); (B.M.-M.); (P.C.-d.-B.); (J.D.)
| | - Celia Milà
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Vall d’Hebron-Drassanes, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08001 Barcelona, Spain; (N.A.); (M.Á.J.-F.); (A.S.-A.); (C.M.); (M.L.d.S.-G.)
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-Fernández
- Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (R.V.-H.); (P.R.-F.); (B.M.-M.); (P.C.-d.-B.); (J.D.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Beatriz Muriel-Moreno
- Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (R.V.-H.); (P.R.-F.); (B.M.-M.); (P.C.-d.-B.); (J.D.)
| | - Patricia Comella-del-Barrio
- Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (R.V.-H.); (P.R.-F.); (B.M.-M.); (P.C.-d.-B.); (J.D.)
| | - Pere Godoy
- Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IRB-Lleida, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Joan-Pau Millet
- Serveis Clínics, Unitat Clínica de Tractament Directament Observat de la Tuberculosi, 08022 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Luiza de Souza-Galvão
- Unitat de Tuberculosi Vall d’Hebron-Drassanes, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08001 Barcelona, Spain; (N.A.); (M.Á.J.-F.); (A.S.-A.); (C.M.); (M.L.d.S.-G.)
| | | | - Jose Domínguez
- Institut d’Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (R.V.-H.); (P.R.-F.); (B.M.-M.); (P.C.-d.-B.); (J.D.)
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Blount RJ, Phan H, Trinh T, Dang H, Merrifield C, Zavala M, Zabner J, Comellas AP, Stapleton EM, Segal MR, Balmes J, Nhung NV, Nahid P. Indoor Air Pollution and Susceptibility to Tuberculosis Infection in Urban Vietnamese Children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:1211-1221. [PMID: 34343025 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202101-0136oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The Southeast Asian tuberculosis burden is high, and it remains unclear if urban indoor air pollution in this setting is exacerbating the epidemic. OBJECTIVES To determine the associations of latent tuberculosis with common urban indoor air pollution sources (secondhand smoke, indoor motorcycle emissions, and cooking) in Southeast Asia. METHODS We enrolled child household contacts of patients with microbiologically confirmed active tuberculosis in Vietnam, July 2017-December 2019. We tested children for latent tuberculosis and evaluated air pollution exposures with questionnaires and personal aerosol sampling. We tested hypotheses using generalized estimating equations. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We enrolled 72 tuberculosis patients (27% with cavitary disease) and 109 of their child household contacts. Of household contacts, 58 (53%) were diagnosed with latent tuberculosis at baseline visit. Children experienced a 2.56-fold increased odds of latent tuberculosis for each additional household member who smoked (95%CI 1.27-5.16). Odds were highest among children exposed to indoor smokers and children under five years old exposed to household smokers. Each residential floor above street-level pollution decreased the odds of latent tuberculosis by 36% (aOR 0.64, 95%CI 0.42-0.96). Motorcycles parked inside children's homes and cooking with liquid petroleum gas compared to electricity increased the odds of latent tuberculosis while kitchen ventilation decreased the effect, but these findings were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Common urban indoor air pollution sources were associated with increased odds of latent tuberculosis infection in child household contacts of active tuberculosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Blount
- UI Carver College of Medicine, 12243, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States;
| | - Ha Phan
- Vietnam National Tuberculosis Program - University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration Unit, Hanoi, Viet Nam.,Center for Promotion of Advancement of Society, Vietnam, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Trang Trinh
- Vietnam National Tuberculosis Program - University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration Unit, Hanoi, Viet Nam.,Center for Promotion of Advancement of Society, Vietnam, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hai Dang
- Vietnam National Tuberculosis Program - University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration Unit, Hanoi, Viet Nam.,Center for Promotion of Advancement of Society, Vietnam, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Cindy Merrifield
- University of California San Francisco, 8785, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States.,University of California San Francisco, 8785, Center for Tuberculosis, San Francisco, California, United States.,Vietnam National Tuberculosis Program - University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration Unit, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Michael Zavala
- UI Carver College of Medicine, 12243, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Joseph Zabner
- UI Carver College of Medicine, 12243, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Alejandro P Comellas
- University of Iowa, 4083, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Emma M Stapleton
- UI Carver College of Medicine, 12243, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Mark R Segal
- University of California San Francisco, 8785, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - John Balmes
- University of California, Berkeley, Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Berkeley, California, United States.,University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Nguyen Viet Nhung
- Vietnam National Tuberculosis Program - University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration Unit, Hanoi, Viet Nam.,Vietnam National Tuberculosis Program, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Payam Nahid
- University of California San Francisco, 8785, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco, California, United States.,University of California San Francisco, 8785, Center for Turberculosis, San Francisco, California, United States.,Vietnam National Tuberculosis Program - University of California San Francisco Research Collaboration Unit, San Francisco, United States
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7
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Rodríguez-Fernández P, Gómez AC, Gibert I, Prat-Aymerich C, Domínguez J. Effects of cigarette smoke on the administration of isoniazid and rifampicin to macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Exp Lung Res 2020; 47:87-97. [PMID: 33305652 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2020.1854371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a cause behind many diseases, including tuberculosis, and it is a risk factor for tuberculosis infection and mortality. Moreover, smoking is associated with a poor tuberculosis treatment outcome. OBJECTIVES In this study, we focus on the effects of cigarette smoke on an infected cell culture treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity on THP-1, J774A.1 and MH-S cell lines and growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposed to a reference or a commercial cigarette was evaluated. THP-1 cell line was exposed to cigarette smoke, infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs. Apoptosis and death cell were also tested on M. bovis BCG infected cells. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of anti-tuberculosis drugs were analyzed. RESULTS All cells lines showed viability values higher than 80% when exposed to cigarette smoke extract. However, THP-1 cell line infected with M. bovis BCG and exposed to Marlboro cigarette smoke showed up to a 54% reduction of apoptotic cells than cells unexposed to smoke. M. tuberculosis exposed to Marlboro cigarette smoke for 11 days had an optical density 16% lower than unexposed bacteria. When cells were infected with M. tuberculosis, the intracellular recovery of CFUs showed up to a 0.66 log reduction in cells exposed to cigarette smoke extract because of a potential impairment in the phagocytosis. Macrophages treated with drugs showed up to a 2.55 log reduction in the intracellular load burden compared with non-treated ones. Despite poor treatment outcome on TB smoker patients, minimal inhibitory concentration of rifampicin increased only 2-fold in M. tuberculosis exposed to cigarette smoke. CONCLUSION Smoking interferes with tuberculosis treatment impairing the immunity of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rodríguez-Fernández
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andromeda-Celeste Gómez
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidre Gibert
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Prat-Aymerich
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Domínguez
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Abstract
This manuscript describes the infection of mice and guinea pigs with mycobacteria via various routes, as well as necropsy methods for the determination of mycobacterial loads within target organs. Additionally, methods for cultivating mycobacteria and preparing stocks are described. The protocols outlined are primarily used for M. tuberculosis, but can also be used for the study of other non-tuberculosis mycobacterial species. A wide variety of animal models have been used to test new vaccines, drugs, and the impact of cigarette exposure. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Aerosol infection of mice with mycobacteria Basic Protocol 2: Aerosol infection of guinea pig with mycobacteria using a Madison chamber Alternate Protocol 1: Cigarette exposure prior to infection of mice with mycobacteria Alternate Protocol 2: Intravenous infection of mice with mycobacteria Basic Protocol 3: Necropsy methods for animals experimentally infected with mycobacteria Basic Protocol 4: Following the course of infection Basic Protocol 5: Measuring the animal immune response to infection Support Protocol: Cultivation of mycobacteria for use in animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Chan
- Department of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Departments of Medicine and Academic Affairs, National Jewish Health, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Deepshikha Verma
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Diane J Ordway
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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9
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Cholo MC, Rasehlo SSM, Venter E, Venter C, Anderson R. Effects of Cigarette Smoke Condensate on Growth and Biofilm Formation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8237402. [PMID: 32923486 PMCID: PMC7453263 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8237402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
MATERIALS AND METHODS The planktonic and biofilm-forming cultures were prepared in Middlebrook 7H9 and Sauton broth media, respectively, using Mtb strain, H37Rv. The effects of CSC at concentrations of 0.05-3.12 mg/L on growth, biofilm formation and structure were evaluated using microplate Alamar Blue assay, spectrophotometric procedure and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Involvement of reactive oxygen species in CSC-mediated biofilm formation was investigated by including catalase in biofilm-forming cultures. RESULTS CSC did not affect the growth of planktonic bacteria, but rather led to a statistically significant increase in biofilm formation at concentrations of 0.4-3.12 mg/L, as well as in the viability of biofilm-forming bacteria at CSC concentrations of 0.2-1.56 mg/L. SEM confirmed an agglomerated biofilm matrix and irregular bacterial morphology in CSC-treated biofilms. Inclusion of catalase caused significant attenuation of CSC-mediated augmentation of biofilm formation by Mtb, implying involvement of oxidative stress. These findings demonstrate that exposure of Mtb to CSC resulted in increased biofilm formation that appeared to be mediated, at least in part, by oxidative stress, while no effect on planktonic cultures was observed. CONCLUSION Smoking-related augmentation of biofilm formation by Mtb may contribute to persistence of the pathogen, predisposing to disease reactivation and counteracting the efficacy of antimicrobial chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moloko C. Cholo
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sipho S. M. Rasehlo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Eudri Venter
- Laboratory for Microscopy and Microanalysis, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Chantelle Venter
- Laboratory for Microscopy and Microanalysis, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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10
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Lampalo M, Jukić I, Bingulac-Popović J, Stanić HS, Barišić B, Popović-Grle S. THE ROLE OF CIGARETTE SMOKING AND ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS DEVELOPMENT AND RECURRENCE. Acta Clin Croat 2019; 58:590-594. [PMID: 32595242 PMCID: PMC7314290 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2019.58.04.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During a two-year period (2001-2003), 464 patients were treated for tuberculosis at Jordanovac Department for Lung Diseases in Croatia. Besides pulmonary tuberculosis in 97.7% of patients, patients were also treated for tuberculous pleurisy (0.9%), tuberculous laryngitis (0.6%), tuberculous meningitis (0.2%), tuberculous pericarditis (0.2%) and urogenital tuberculosis (0.4%). Out of the total number of patients, 57.3% declared themselves to be active smokers (men were predominant and made up to 80.8%) and 20.9% to be active alcohol consumers. Both risk factors, i.e. smoking and alcohol consumption, were present in 15.1% of all patients. The most common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (30.4%), cardiac diseases (11.2%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (8.0%). Lung carcinoma was the most common malignant disease (n=51), with Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in 33% of them. Seventy-two of 464 (15.5%) patients had recurrences of tuberculosis. Of these, 30.5% had one of the risk factors (20.8% were smokers and 9.7% consumed alcohol), while 32.5% of patients had both risk factors. In conclusion, cigarette smoking was proved to be the most significant risk factor for development of pulmonary tuberculosis and its recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irena Jukić
- 1Jordanovac University Department for Lung Diseases, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Bingulac-Popović
- 1Jordanovac University Department for Lung Diseases, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hana Safić Stanić
- 1Jordanovac University Department for Lung Diseases, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blaženka Barišić
- 1Jordanovac University Department for Lung Diseases, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Popović-Grle
- 1Jordanovac University Department for Lung Diseases, Zagreb University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia; 2Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; 3Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Croatian Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Kootbodien T, Iyaloo S, Wilson K, Naicker N, Kgalamono S, Haman T, Mathee A, Rees D. Environmental Silica Dust Exposure and Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Johannesburg, South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16101867. [PMID: 31137851 PMCID: PMC6571666 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Occupational crystalline silica dust exposure is associated with an elevated risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). However, there is less evidence for an association with environmental silica dust exposure. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 310 participants was conducted in an exposed community living within 2 km of gold mine tailings and an unexposed population residing more than 10 km from the nearest gold mine tailing. Chest radiographs (n = 178) were read for PTB, past or current, by three readers. Results: Past or current PTB was radiologically identified in 14.4% (95%CI 9.2–21.8) in the exposed and 7.5% (95%CI 2.8–18.7) in the unexposed groups. Multivariate logistic regression models suggested that PTB prevalence was independently associated with exposure to second-hand smoke (OR = 8.13, 95%CI 1.16–57.22), a lower body mass index (OR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.80–0.98), previous diagnosis and treatment of PTB (OR = 8.98, 95%CI 1.98–40.34), and exposure to dust in the workplace from sand, construction, and/or mining industries (OR = 10.2, 95%CI 2.10–50.11). Conclusion: We found no association between PTB and environmental exposure to gold mine tailing dust. However, workplace silica dust exposure is a significant risk factor for PTB in South Africa, and PTB patients of working age should be screened for silica exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Kootbodien
- National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa.
| | - Samantha Iyaloo
- National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa.
| | - Kerry Wilson
- National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa.
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
| | - Nisha Naicker
- National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa.
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
- Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa.
| | - Spo Kgalamono
- National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa.
| | - Tanya Haman
- Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa.
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa.
| | - Angela Mathee
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
- Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa.
- Environment and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa.
| | - David Rees
- National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Constitution Hill, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa.
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
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12
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Sohn DH, Nguyen TT, Kim S, Shim S, Lee S, Lee Y, Jhun H, Azam T, Kim J, Kim S. Structural Characteristics of Seven IL-32 Variants. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e8. [PMID: 31089435 PMCID: PMC6494766 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-32 exists as seven mRNA transcripts that can translate into distinct individual IL-32 variants with specific protein domains. These translated protein domains of IL-32 variants code for specific functions that allow for interaction with different molecules intracellularly or extracellularly. The longest variant is IL-32γ possessing 234 amino acid residues with all 11 protein domains, while the shortest variant is IL-32α possessing 131 amino acid residues with three of the protein domains. The first domain exists in 6 variants except IL-32δ variant, which has a distinct translation initiation codon due to mRNA splicing. The last eleventh domain is common domain for all seven IL-32 variants. Numerous studies in different fields, such as inflammation, autoimmunity, pathogen infection, and cancer biology, have claimed the specific biological activity of individual IL-32 variant despite the absence of sufficient data. There are 4 additional IL-32 variants without proper transcripts. In this review, the structural characteristics of seven IL-32 transcripts are described based on the specific protein domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Sohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Tam T Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sinae Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Saerok Shim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Siyoung Lee
- YbdYbiotech Research Center, Seoul 08589, Korea
| | - Youngmin Lee
- Department of Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, Collage of Medicine, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Hyunjhung Jhun
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,Technical Assistance Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Tania Azam
- YbdYbiotech Research Center, Seoul 08589, Korea
| | - Joohee Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Kyungdong University Medical Campus, Wonju 24695, Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,Veterinary Science Research Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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