1
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Heaton AR, Lechuga LM, Tangsangasaksri M, Ludwig KD, Fain SB, Mecozzi S. A stable, highly concentrated fluorous nanoemulsion formulation for in vivo cancer imaging via 19F-MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5100. [PMID: 38230415 PMCID: PMC10987282 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a routine diagnostic modality in oncology that produces excellent imaging resolution and tumor contrast without the use of ionizing radiation. However, improved contrast agents are still needed to further increase detection sensitivity and avoid toxicity/allergic reactions associated with paramagnetic metal contrast agents, which may be seen in a small percentage of the human population. Fluorine-19 (19F)-MRI is at the forefront of the developing MRI methodologies due to near-zero background signal, high natural abundance of 100%, and unambiguous signal specificity. In this study, we have developed a colloidal nanoemulsion (NE) formulation that can encapsulate high volumes of the fluorous MRI tracer, perfluoro-[15-crown-5]-ether (PFCE) (35% v/v). These nanoparticles exhibit long-term (at least 100 days) stability and high PFCE loading capacity in formulation with our semifluorinated triblock copolymer, M2F8H18. With sizes of approximately 200 nm, these NEs enable in vivo delivery and passive targeting to tumors. Our diagnostic formulation, M2F8H18/PFCE NE, yielded in vivo 19F-MR images with a high signal-to-noise ratio up to 100 in a tumor-bearing mouse model at clinically relevant scan times. M2F8H18/PFCE NE circulated stably in the vasculature, accumulated in high concentration of an estimated 4-9 × 1017 19F spins/voxel at the tumor site, and cleared from most organs over the span of 2 weeks. Uptake by the mononuclear phagocyte system to the liver and spleen was also observed, most likely due to particle size. These promising results suggest that M2F8H18/PFCE NE is a favorable 19F-MR diagnostic tracer for further development in oncological studies and potential clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa R. Heaton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave Madison WI 53706, USA
| | - Lawrence M. Lechuga
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave Madison WI 53705, USA
| | | | - Kai D. Ludwig
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave Madison WI 53705, USA
| | - Sean B. Fain
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave Madison WI 53705, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive Iowa City IA 52242, USA
| | - Sandro Mecozzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave Madison WI 53706, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave Madison WI 53705, USA
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2
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Cheng HLM. A primer on in vivo cell tracking using MRI. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1193459. [PMID: 37324153 PMCID: PMC10264782 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1193459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell tracking by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a collection of multiple advantages over other imaging modalities, including high spatial resolution, unlimited depth penetration, 3D visualization, lack of ionizing radiation, and the potential for long-term cell monitoring. Three decades of innovation in both contrast agent chemistry and imaging physics have built an expansive array of probes and methods to track cells non-invasively across a diverse range of applications. In this review, we describe both established and emerging MRI cell tracking approaches and the variety of mechanisms available for contrast generation. Emphasis is given to the advantages, practical limitations, and persistent challenges of each approach, incorporating quantitative comparisons where possible. Toward the end of this review, we take a deeper dive into three key application areas - tracking cancer metastasis, immunotherapy for cancer, and stem cell regeneration - and discuss the cell tracking techniques most suitable to each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ling Margaret Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
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3
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Man F, Tang J, Swedrowska M, Forbes B, T M de Rosales R. Imaging drug delivery to the lungs: Methods and applications in oncology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 192:114641. [PMID: 36509173 PMCID: PMC10227194 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Direct delivery to the lung via inhalation is arguably one of the most logical approaches to treat lung cancer using drugs. However, despite significant efforts and investment in this area, this strategy has not progressed in clinical trials. Imaging drug delivery is a powerful tool to understand and develop novel drug delivery strategies. In this review we focus on imaging studies of drug delivery by the inhalation route, to provide a broad overview of the field to date and attempt to better understand the complexities of this route of administration and the significant barriers that it faces, as well as its advantages. We start with a discussion of the specific challenges for drug delivery to the lung via inhalation. We focus on the barriers that have prevented progress of this approach in oncology, as well as the most recent developments in this area. This is followed by a comprehensive overview of the different imaging modalities that are relevant to lung drug delivery, including nuclear imaging, X-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, optical imaging and mass spectrometry imaging. For each of these modalities, examples from the literature where these techniques have been explored are provided. Finally the different applications of these technologies in oncology are discussed, focusing separately on small molecules and nanomedicines. We hope that this comprehensive review will be informative to the field and will guide the future preclinical and clinical development of this promising drug delivery strategy to maximise its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Man
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Magda Swedrowska
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Forbes
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael T M de Rosales
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
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4
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Fluorinated Protein and Peptide Materials for Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101201. [PMID: 36297312 PMCID: PMC9609677 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorination represents one of the most powerful modern design strategies to impart biomacromolecules with unique functionality, empowering them for widespread application in the biomedical realm. However, the properties of fluorinated protein materials remain unpredictable due to the heavy context-dependency of the surrounding atoms influenced by fluorine’s strong electron-withdrawing tendencies. This review aims to discern patterns and elucidate design principles governing the biochemical synthesis and rational installation of fluorine into protein and peptide sequences for diverse biomedical applications. Several case studies are presented to deconvolute the overgeneralized fluorous stabilization effect and critically examine the duplicitous nature of the resultant enhanced chemical and thermostability as it applies to use as biomimetic therapeutics, drug delivery vehicles, and bioimaging modalities.
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5
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Chen J, Pal P, Ahrens ET. Enhanced detection of paramagnetic fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging agents using zero echo time sequence and compressed sensing. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4725. [PMID: 35262991 PMCID: PMC10655826 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine-19 (19 F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an emerging technique offering specific detection of labeled cells in vivo. Lengthy acquisition times and modest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) makes three-dimensional spin-density-weighted 19 F imaging challenging. Recent advances in tracer paramagnetic metallo-perfluorocarbon (MPFC) nanoemulsion probes have shown multifold SNR improvements due to an accelerated 19 F T1 relaxation rate and a commensurate gain in imaging speed and averages. However, 19 F T2 -reduction and increased linewidth limit the amount of metal additive in MPFC probes, thus constraining the ultimate SNR. To overcome these barriers, we describe a compressed sampling (CS) scheme, implemented using a "zero" echo time (ZTE) sequence, with data reconstructed via a sparsity-promoting algorithm. Our CS-ZTE scheme acquires k-space data using an undersampled spherical radial pattern and signal averaging. Image reconstruction employs off-the-shelf sparse solvers to solve a joint total variation and l 1 -norm regularized least square problem. To evaluate CS-ZTE, we performed simulations and acquired 19 F MRI data at 11.7 T in phantoms and mice receiving MPFC-labeled dendritic cells. For MPFC-labeled cells in vivo, we show SNR gains of ~6.3 × with 8-fold undersampling. We show that this enhancement is due to three mechanisms including undersampling and commensurate increase in signal averaging in a fixed scan time, denoising attributes from the CS algorithm, and paramagnetic reduction of T1 . Importantly, 19 F image intensity analyses yield accurate estimates of absolute quantification of 19 F spins. Overall, the CS-ZTE method using MPFC probes achieves ultrafast imaging, a substantial boost in detection sensitivity, accurate 19 F spin quantification, and minimal image artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Piya Pal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eric T. Ahrens
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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6
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Nanotechnology as a Versatile Tool for 19F-MRI Agent’s Formulation: A Glimpse into the Use of Perfluorinated and Fluorinated Compounds in Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020382. [PMID: 35214114 PMCID: PMC8874484 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneously being a non-radiative and non-invasive technique makes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) one of the highly sought imaging techniques for the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Despite more than four decades of research on finding a suitable imaging agent from fluorine for clinical applications, it still lingers as a challenge to get the regulatory approval compared to its hydrogen counterpart. The pertinent hurdle is the simultaneous intrinsic hydrophobicity and lipophobicity of fluorine and its derivatives that make them insoluble in any liquids, strongly limiting their application in areas such as targeted delivery. A blossoming technique to circumvent the unfavorable physicochemical characteristics of perfluorocarbon compounds (PFCs) and guarantee a high local concentration of fluorine in the desired body part is to encapsulate them in nanosystems. In this review, we will be emphasizing different types of nanocarrier systems studied to encapsulate various PFCs and fluorinated compounds, headway to be applied as a contrast agent (CA) in fluorine-19 MRI (19F MRI). We would also scrutinize, especially from studies over the last decade, the different types of PFCs and their specific applications and limitations concerning the nanoparticle (NP) system used to encapsulate them. A critical evaluation for future opportunities would be speculated.
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7
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Iron-doped calcium phytate nanoparticles as a bio-responsive contrast agent in 1H/ 31P magnetic resonance imaging. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2118. [PMID: 35136162 PMCID: PMC8826874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the MR properties of a novel bio-responsive phosphorus probe doped with iron for dual proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance imaging (1H/31P-MRI), which provide simultaneously complementary information. The probes consist of non-toxic biodegradable calcium phytate (CaIP6) nanoparticles doped with different amounts of cleavable paramagnetic Fe3+ ions. Phosphorus atoms in the phytate structure delivered an efficient 31P-MR signal, with iron ions altering MR contrast for both 1H and 31P-MR. The coordinated paramagnetic Fe3+ ions broadened the 31P-MR signal spectral line due to the short T2 relaxation time, resulting in more hypointense signal. However, when Fe3+ was decomplexed from the probe, relaxation times were prolonged. As a result of iron release, intensity of 1H-MR, as well as the 31P-MR signal increase. These 1H and 31P-MR dual signals triggered by iron decomplexation may have been attributable to biochemical changes in the environment with strong iron chelators, such as bacterial siderophore (deferoxamine). Analysing MR signal alternations as a proof-of-principle on a phantom at a 4.7 T magnetic field, we found that iron presence influenced 1H and 31P signals and signal recovery via iron chelation using deferoxamine.
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8
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Balasch A, Metze P, Li H, Rottbauer W, Abaei A, Rasche V. Tiny golden angle ultrashort echo-time lung imaging in mice. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4591. [PMID: 34322941 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Imaging the lung parenchyma with MRI is particularly difficult in small animals due to the high respiratory and heart rates, and ultrashort T2* at high magnetic field strength caused by the high susceptibilities induced by the air-tissue interfaces. In this study, a 2D ultrashort echo-time (UTE) technique was combined with tiny golden angle (tyGA) ordering. Data were acquired continuously at 11.7 T and retrospective center-of-k-space gating was applied to reconstruct respiratory multistage images. Lung (proton) density (fP ), T2*, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), fractional ventilation (FV) and perfusion (f) were quantified, and the application to dynamic contrast agent (CA)-enhanced (DCE) qualitative perfusion assessment tested. The interobserver and intraobserver and interstudy reproducibility of the quantitative parameters were investigated. High-quality images of the lung parenchyma could be acquired in all animals. Over all lung regions a mean T2* of 0.20 ± 0.05 ms was observed. FV resulted as 0.31 ± 0.13, and a trend towards lower SNR values during inspiration (EX: SNR = 12.48 ± 6.68, IN: SNR = 11.79 ± 5.86) and a significant (P < 0.001) decrease in lung density (EX: fP = 0.69 ± 0.13, IN: fP = 0.62 ± 0.13) were observed. Quantitative perfusion results as 34.63 ± 9.05 mL/cm3 /min (systole) and 32.77 ± 8.55 mL/cm3 /min (diastole) on average. The CA dynamics could be assessed and, because of the continuous nature of the data acquisition, reconstructed at different temporal resolutions. Where a good to excellent interobserver reproducibility and an excellent intraobserver reproducibility resulted, the interstudy reproducibility was only fair to good. In conclusion, the combination of tiny golden angles with UTE (2D tyGA UTE) resulted in a reliable imaging technique for lung morphology and function in mice, providing uniform k-space coverage and thus low-artefact images of the lung parenchyma after gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Balasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick Metze
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, People's Republic of China
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging (CF-SANI), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rottbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alireza Abaei
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging (CF-SANI), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Volker Rasche
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging (CF-SANI), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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9
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Somasundram K, Agbontaen K, Singh S. Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19: Merely a Matter of Lung Frailty? Respiration 2021; 100:1251-1255. [PMID: 34515225 PMCID: PMC8450820 DOI: 10.1159/000518367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suveer Singh
- Intensive care unit, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
- Intensive care unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
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10
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Kiraga Ł, Kucharzewska P, Strzemecki D, Rygiel TP, Król M. Non-radioactive imaging strategies for in vivo immune cell tracking. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021; 8:385-403. [PMID: 36975764 PMCID: PMC10037928 DOI: 10.1515/psr-2020-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In vivo tracking of administered cells chosen for specific disease treatment may be conducted by diagnostic imaging techniques preceded by cell labeling with special contrast agents. The most commonly used agents are those with radioactive properties, however their use in research is often impossible. This review paper focuses on the essential aspect of cell tracking with the exclusion of radioisotope tracers, therefore we compare application of different types of non-radioactive contrast agents (cell tracers), methods of cell labeling and application of various techniques for cell tracking, which are commonly used in preclinical or clinical studies. We discuss diagnostic imaging methods belonging to three groups: (1) Contrast-enhanced X-ray imaging, (2) Magnetic resonance imaging, and (3) Optical imaging. In addition, we present some interesting data from our own research on tracking immune cell with the use of discussed methods. Finally, we introduce an algorithm which may be useful for researchers planning leukocyte targeting studies, which may help to choose the appropriate cell type, contrast agent and diagnostic technique for particular disease study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kiraga
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
- Cellis AG, 80002 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Kucharzewska
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
- Cellis AG, 80002 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Tomasz P. Rygiel
- Cellis AG, 80002 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Król
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
- Cellis AG, 80002 Zurich, Switzerland
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Internal Structure of Thermoresponsive Physically Crosslinked Nanogel of Poly[ N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]- Block-Poly[ N-(2,2-difluoroethyl)acrylamide], Prominent 19F MRI Tracer. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112231. [PMID: 33182714 PMCID: PMC7698257 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-19 MRI is a promising noninvasive diagnostic method. However, the absence of a nontoxic fluorine-19 MRI tracer that does not suffer from poor biodistribution as a result of its strong fluorophilicity is a constant hurdle in the widespread applicability of this otherwise versatile diagnostic technique. The poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-block-poly[N-(2,2-difluoroethyl)acrylamide] thermoresponsive copolymer was proposed as an alternative fluorine-19 MRI tracer capable of overcoming such shortcomings. In this paper, the internal structure of self-assembled particles of this copolymer was investigated by various methods including 1D and 2D NMR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The elucidated structure appears to be that of a nanogel with greatly swollen hydrophilic chains and tightly packed thermoresponsive chains forming a network within the nanogel particles, which become more hydrophobic with increasing temperature. Its capacity to provide a measurable fluorine-19 NMR signal in its aggregated state at human body temperature was also investigated and confirmed. This capacity stems from the different fluorine-19 nuclei relaxation properties compared to those of hydrogen-1 nuclei.
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12
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Bassanini I, Galli C, Ferrandi EE, Vallone F, Andolfo A, Romeo S. Perfluorinated Probes for Noncovalent Protein Recognition and Isolation. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:513-519. [PMID: 31927891 PMCID: PMC7993633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorinated organic compounds (PFCs) are nontoxic, biocompatible, bioavailable, and bioorthogonal species which possess the unique ability to segregate away from both polar and nonpolar solvents producing a compact fluorophilic phase. Traditional techniques of fluorous chemical proteomics are generally applied to enrich biological samples in target protein(s) exploiting this property of PFCs to build fluorinated probes able to covalently bind to protein ensembles and being selectively extracted by fluorophilic solvents. Aiming at building a strategy able to avoid irreversible modification of the analyzed biosystem, a novel fully noncovalent probe is presented as an enabling tool for the recognition and isolation of biological protein(s). In our strategy, both the fluorophilic extraction and the biorecognition of a selected protein successfully occur via the establishment of reversible but selective interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bassanini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Corinna Galli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Erica E Ferrandi
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabiana Vallone
- ProMiFa, Protein Microsequencing Facility, Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Annapaola Andolfo
- ProMiFa, Protein Microsequencing Facility, Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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13
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Darçot E, Colotti R, Pellegrin M, Wilson A, Siegert S, Bouzourene K, Yerly J, Mazzolai L, Stuber M, van Heeswijk RB. Towards Quantification of Inflammation in Atherosclerotic Plaque in the Clinic - Characterization and Optimization of Fluorine-19 MRI in Mice at 3 T. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17488. [PMID: 31767900 PMCID: PMC6877590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorine-19 (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of injected perfluorocarbons (PFCs) can be used for the quantification and monitoring of inflammation in diseases such as atherosclerosis. To advance the translation of this technique to the clinical setting, we aimed to 1) demonstrate the feasibility of quantitative 19F MRI in small inflammation foci on a clinical scanner, and 2) to characterize the PFC-incorporating leukocyte populations and plaques. To this end, thirteen atherosclerotic apolipoprotein-E-knockout mice received 2 × 200 µL PFC, and were scanned on a 3 T clinical MR system. 19F MR signal was detected in the aortic arch and its branches in all mice, with a signal-to-noise ratio of 11.1 (interquartile range IQR = 9.5–13.1) and a PFC concentration of 1.15 mM (IQR = 0.79–1.28). Imaging flow cytometry was used on another ten animals and indicated that PFC-labeled leukocytes in the aortic arch and it branches were mainly dendritic cells, macrophages and neutrophils (ratio 9:1:1). Finally, immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed the presence of those cells in the plaques. We thus successfully used 19F MRI for the noninvasive quantification of PFC in atherosclerotic plaque in mice on a clinical scanner, demonstrating the feasibility of detecting very small inflammation foci at 3 T, and advancing the translation of 19F MRI to the human setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Darçot
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Colotti
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Pellegrin
- Division of Angiology, Heart and Vessel Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne Wilson
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Department of Formation and Research, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Siegert
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Department of Formation and Research, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Karima Bouzourene
- Division of Angiology, Heart and Vessel Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Yerly
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Mazzolai
- Division of Angiology, Heart and Vessel Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Stuber
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ruud B van Heeswijk
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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14
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Cho MH, Shin SH, Park SH, Kadayakkara DK, Kim D, Choi Y. Targeted, Stimuli-Responsive, and Theranostic 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging Probes. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2502-2518. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hyeon Cho
- National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Shin
- National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Deepak Kana Kadayakkara
- Department of Medicine, Bridgeport Hospital−Yale New Haven Health, Bridgeport, Connecticut 06610, United States
| | - Daehong Kim
- National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongdoo Choi
- National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Republic of Korea
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15
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Jirak D, Galisova A, Kolouchova K, Babuka D, Hruby M. Fluorine polymer probes for magnetic resonance imaging: quo vadis? MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 32:173-185. [PMID: 30498886 PMCID: PMC6514090 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-018-0724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, the development and relevance of 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for use in clinical practice has emerged. MRI using fluorinated probes enables the achievement of a specific signal with high contrast in MRI images. However, to ensure sufficient sensitivity of 19F MRI, fluorine probes with a high content of chemically equivalent fluorine atoms are required. The majority of 19F MRI agents are perfluorocarbon emulsions, which have a broad range of applications in molecular imaging, although the content of fluorine atoms in these molecules is limited. In this review, we focus mainly on polymer probes that allow higher fluorine content and represent versatile platforms with properties tailorable to a plethora of biomedical in vivo applications. We discuss the chemical development, up to the first imaging applications, of these promising fluorine probes, including injectable polymers that form depots that are intended for possible use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jirak
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 9, 140 21, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, 1st Medicine Faculty, Charles University, Salmovská 1, 120 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Health Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrea Galisova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 9, 140 21, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Kolouchova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - David Babuka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hruby
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského sq. 2, 162 06, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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16
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A Hyperfluorinated Hydrophilic Molecule for Aqueous 19F MRI Contrast Media. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:1693513. [PMID: 30538612 PMCID: PMC6260405 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1693513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-19 (19F) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential for a wide range of in vivo applications but is limited by lack of flexibility in exogenous probe formulation. Most 19F MRI probes are composed of perfluorocarbons (PFCs) or perfluoropolyethers (PFPEs) with intrinsic properties which limit formulation options. Hydrophilic organofluorine molecules can provide more flexibility in formulation options. We report herein a hyperfluorinated hydrophilic organoflourine, ET1084, with ∼24 wt. % 19F content. It dissolves in water and aqueous buffers to give solutions with ≥8 M 19F. 19F MRI phantom studies at 9.4T employing a 10-minute multislice multiecho (MSME) scan sequence show a linear increase in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with increasing concentrations of the molecule and a detection limit of 5 mM. Preliminary cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assessments suggest it is safe at concentrations of up to 20 mM.
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17
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Chukanov NV, Salnikov OG, Shchepin RV, Svyatova A, Kovtunov KV, Koptyug IV, Chekmenev EY. 19F Hyperpolarization of 15N-3- 19F-Pyridine Via Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2018; 122:23002-23010. [PMID: 31435456 PMCID: PMC6703844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b06654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We report synthesis of 15N-3-19F-pyridine via Zincke salt formation with the overall 35% yield and 84% 15N isotopic purity. Hyperpolarization studies of Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) and SABRE in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei (SABRE-SHEATH) were performed to investigate the mechanism of polarization transfer from parahydrogen-derived hydride protons to 19F nucleus in milli-Tesla and micro-Tesla magnetic field regimes in 15N-3-19F-pyridine and 14N-3-19F-pyridine. We found the mismatch between 15N and 19F magnetic field hyperpolarization profiles in the micro-Tesla regime indicating that the spontaneous hyperpolarization process likely happens directly from parahydrogen-derived hydride protons to 19F nucleus without spin-relaying via 15N site. In case of SABRE magnetic field regime (milli-Tesla magnetic field range), we found that magnetic field profiles for 1H and 19F hyperpolarization are very similar, and 19F polarization levels are significantly lower than 1H SABRE polarization levels and lower than 19F SABRE-SHEATH (i.e. obtained at micro-Tesla magnetic field) polarization levels. Our findings support the hypothesis that in milli-Tesla magnetic field regime, the process of 19F nuclei hyperpolarization is relayed via protons of substrate, and therefore is very inefficient. These findings are important in the context of improvement of the hyperpolarization hardware and rational design of the hyperpolarized molecular probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V. Chukanov
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Oleg G. Salnikov
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
| | - Alexandra Svyatova
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova St., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2310, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Corresponding Author
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18
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Kolouchova K, Sedlacek O, Jirak D, Babuka D, Blahut J, Kotek J, Vit M, Trousil J, Konefał R, Janouskova O, Podhorska B, Slouf M, Hruby M. Self-Assembled Thermoresponsive Polymeric Nanogels for 19F MR Imaging. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3515-3524. [PMID: 30011367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging using fluorinated contrast agents (19F MRI) enables to achive highcontrast in images due to the negligible fluorine background in living tissues. In this pilot study, we developed new biocompatible, temperature-responsive, and easily synthesized polymeric nanogels containing a sufficient concentration of magnetically equivalent fluorine atoms for 19F MRI purposes. The structure of the nanogels is based on amphiphilic copolymers containing two blocks, a hydrophilic poly[ N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] (PHPMA) or poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMeOx) block, and a thermoresponsive poly[ N(2,2difluoroethyl)acrylamide] (PDFEA) block. The thermoresponsive properties of the PDFEA block allow us to control the process of nanogel self-assembly upon its heating in an aqueous solution. Particle size depends on the copolymer composition, and the most promising copolymers with longer thermoresponsive blocks form nanogels of suitable size for angiogenesis imaging or the labeling of cells (approximately 120 nm). The in vitro 19F MRI experiments reveal good sensitivity of the copolymer contrast agents, while the nanogels were proven to be noncytotoxic for several cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Kolouchova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR , v.v.i., Heyrovského sq. 2 , Prague 6 162 06 , Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Sedlacek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR , v.v.i., Heyrovského sq. 2 , Prague 6 162 06 , Czech Republic.,Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281-S4 , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Daniel Jirak
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Vídeňská 9 , Prague 4 140 21 , Czech Republic.,Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Medicine Faculty , Charles University , Salmovská 1 , Prague 120 00 , Czech Republic
| | - David Babuka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR , v.v.i., Heyrovského sq. 2 , Prague 6 162 06 , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Blahut
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Hlavova 8 , Prague 2 128 00 , Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kotek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Hlavova 8 , Prague 2 128 00 , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vit
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine , Vídeňská 9 , Prague 4 140 21 , Czech Republic.,TU Liberec, Faculty of mechatronics, informatics and interdisciplinary studies , Studentská 1402/2 , Liberec 1 461 17 , Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Trousil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR , v.v.i., Heyrovského sq. 2 , Prague 6 162 06 , Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Hlavova 8 , Prague 2 128 43 , Czech Republic
| | - Rafał Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR , v.v.i., Heyrovského sq. 2 , Prague 6 162 06 , Czech Republic
| | - Olga Janouskova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR , v.v.i., Heyrovského sq. 2 , Prague 6 162 06 , Czech Republic
| | - Bohumila Podhorska
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR , v.v.i., Heyrovského sq. 2 , Prague 6 162 06 , Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Slouf
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR , v.v.i., Heyrovského sq. 2 , Prague 6 162 06 , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hruby
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR , v.v.i., Heyrovského sq. 2 , Prague 6 162 06 , Czech Republic
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19
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Bernarding J, Euchner F, Bruns C, Ringleb R, Müller D, Trantzschel T, Bargon J, Bommerich U, Plaumann M. Low-cost LED-based Photo-CIDNP Enables Biocompatible Hyperpolarization of 19 F for NMR and MRI at 7 T and 4.7 T. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2453-2456. [PMID: 29944199 PMCID: PMC6220778 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Substrates containing 19 F can serve as background-free reporter molecules for NMR and MRI. However, in vivo applications are still limited due to the lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when compared with 1 H NMR. Although hyperpolarization can increase the SNR, to date, only photo-chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) allows for hyperpolarization without harmful metal catalysts. Photo-CIDNP was shown to significantly enhance 19 F NMR signals of 3-fluoro-DL-tyrosine in aqueous solution using flavins as photosensitizers. However, lasers were used for photoexcitation, which is expensive and requires appropriate protection procedures in a medical or lab environment. Herein, we report 19 F MR hyperpolarization at 4.7 T and 7 T with a biocompatible system using a low-cost and easy-to-handle LED-based set-up. First hyperpolarized 19 F MR images could be acquired, because photo-CIDNP enabled repetitive hyperpolarization without adding new substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Bernarding
- Institute for Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Euchner
- Institute for Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bruns
- Institute for Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Ringleb
- Institute for Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Darius Müller
- Institute for Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Trantzschel
- Institute for Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Bargon
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ute Bommerich
- Institute for Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Institute for Biometrics and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
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20
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Ludwig KD, Hernando D, Roberts NT, van Heeswijk RB, Fain SB. A chemical shift encoding (CSE) approach for spectral selection in fluorine-19 MRI. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:2183-2189. [PMID: 28833448 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a chemical shift encoding (CSE) approach for fluorine-19 MRI of perfluorocarbons in the presence of multiple known fluorinated chemical species. THEORY AND METHODS A multi-echo CSE technique is applied for spectral separation of the perfluorocarbon perfluoro-15-crown-5-ether (PFCE) and isoflurane (ISO) based on their chemical shifts at 4.7 T. Cramér-Rao lower bound analysis is used to identify echo combinations with optimal signal-to-noise performance. Signal contributions are fit with a multispectral fluorine signal model using a non-linear least squares estimation reconstruction directly from k-space data. This CSE approach is tested in fluorine-19 phantoms and in a mouse with a 2D and 3D spoiled gradient-echo acquisition using multiple echo times determined from Cramér-Rao lower bound analysis. RESULTS Cramér-Rao lower bound analysis for PFCE and ISO separation shows signal-to-noise performance is maximized with a 0.33 ms echo separation. A linear behavior (R2 = 0.987) between PFCE signal and known relative PFCE volume is observed in CSE reconstructed images using a mixed PFCE/ISO phantom. Effective spatial and spectral separation of PFCE and ISO is shown in phantoms and in vivo. CONCLUSION Feasibility of a gradient-echo CSE acquisition and image reconstruction approach with optimized noise performance is demonstrated through fluorine-19 MRI of PFCE with effective removal of ISO signal contributions. Magn Reson Med 79:2183-2189, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai D Ludwig
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Diego Hernando
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nathan T Roberts
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ruud B van Heeswijk
- Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sean B Fain
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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21
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Quantifying tumor associated macrophages in breast cancer: a comparison of iron and fluorine-based MRI cell tracking. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42109. [PMID: 28176853 PMCID: PMC5296729 DOI: 10.1038/srep42109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are associated with tumor growth and metastasis. MRI can detect TAMs labeled with iron oxide (USPIO) or perfluorocarbon (PFC) agents. This study compared these two cell tracking approaches for imaging TAMs in vivo. 4T1 tumors were imaged with MRI at 4 days or 3 weeks post cell implantation after intravenous (i.v.) administration of either USPIO or PFC. Signal loss was detected within tumors at both time points post USPIO. Images acquired at 4 days demonstrated signal loss encompassing the entire tumor and around the periphery at 3 weeks. Number of black voxels suggested higher numbers of TAMs in the tumor at the later time point. After PFC administration, Fluorine-19 (19F) signal was detected in a similar spatial distribution as signal loss post USPIO. 19F signal quantification revealed that the number of 19F spins was not significantly different at the two time points, suggesting a similar number of TAMs were present in tumors but accumulated in different regions. 19F signal was higher centrally in tumors at 4 days and heterogenous around the periphery at 3 weeks. This study revealed that 19F-based cell tracking methods better represent TAM density and provides additional information not achievable with iron-based methods.
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22
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Huang H, Lovell JF. Advanced Functional Nanomaterials for Theranostics. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2017; 27:1603524. [PMID: 28824357 PMCID: PMC5560626 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201603524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale materials have been explored extensively as agents for therapeutic and diagnostic (i.e. theranostic) applications. Research efforts have shifted from exploring new materials in vitro to designing materials that function in more relevant animal disease models, thereby increasing potential for clinical translation. Current interests include non-invasive imaging of diseases, biomarkers and targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs. Here, we discuss some general design considerations of advanced theranostic materials and challenges of their use, from both diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. Common classes of nanoscale biomaterials, including magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots, upconversion nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles and organic dye-based nanoparticles, have demonstrated potential for both diagnosis and therapy. Variations such as size control and surface modifications can modulate biocompatibility and interactions with target tissues. The needs for improved disease detection and enhanced chemotherapeutic treatments, together with realistic considerations for clinically translatable nanomaterials will be key driving factors for theranostic agent research in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, United States
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, United States
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23
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Constantinides C, Maguire ML, Stork L, Swider E, Srinivas M, Carr CA, Schneider JE. Temporal accumulation and localization of isoflurane in the C57BL/6 mouse and assessment of its potential contamination in 19 F MRI with perfluoro-crown-ether-labeled cardiac progenitor cells at 9.4 Tesla. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 45:1659-1667. [PMID: 27990708 PMCID: PMC5484368 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the uptake, accumulation, temporal stability, and spatial localization of isoflurane (ISO) in the C57BL/6 mouse, and to identify its potential interference with the detection of labeled cardiac progenitor cells using 19F MRI/MR spectroscopy (MRS). Materials and Methods Objectives are demonstrated using (a) in vitro ISO tests, (b) in vivo temporal accumulation/spatial localization C57BL/6 studies (n = 3), and (c) through injections of perfluoro‐crown‐ether (PFCE) labeled cardiac progenitor cells into femoral muscle areas of the murine hindlimb post‐mortem (n = 1) using 1H/19F MRI/MRS at 9.4 Tesla. Data were acquired using double‐gated spoiled gradient echo images and pulse‐acquire spectra. For the in vivo study, the temporal stability of ISO resonances was quantified using coefficient of variability (CV) (5 min) estimates. Results Two ISO resonances were observed in vivo that correspond to the ‐CF3 and ‐OCHF2 moieties. CV values ranged between 3.2 and 6.4% (‐CF3) and 6.4 and 11.2% (‐OCHF2). Reductions of the ISO dose (2.0 to 1.7%) at 80 min postinduction had insignificant effects on ISO signals (P = 0.23; P = 0.71). PFCE‐labeled cells exhibited a resonance at −16.25 ppm in vitro that did not overlap with the ISO resonances, a finding that is confirmed with MRS post‐mortem using injected, labeled cells. Based on 19F MRI, similar in vivo/post‐mortem ISO compartmentalization was also confirmed in peripheral and thoracic skeletal muscles. Conclusion Significant ISO accumulation was observed by 19F MRS in vivo with temporally stable signals over 90 min postinduction. ISO effects on PFCE labels are anticipated to be minimal but may be more prominent for perfluoropolyether or perfluorooctyl bromide labels. Level of Evidence: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1659–1667
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Affiliation(s)
- Christakis Constantinides
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical CenterRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Mahon L. Maguire
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical CenterRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Leeanne Stork
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical CenterRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Edyta Swider
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Mangala Srinivas
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Carolyn A. Carr
- Department of Tumor ImmunologyRadboud University Medical Center, Radboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jurgen E. Schneider
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical CenterRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
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24
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Gaudet JM, Hamilton AM, Chen Y, Fox MS, Foster PJ. Application of dual19F and iron cellular MRI agents to track the infiltration of immune cells to the site of a rejected stem cell transplant. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:713-720. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. Gaudet
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Amanda M. Hamilton
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
| | - Yuanxin Chen
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
| | - Matthew S. Fox
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Paula J. Foster
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
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