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Zargarani S, Tavaf MJ, Soltanmohammadi A, Yazdanpanah E, Baharlou R, Yousefi B, Sadighimoghaddam B, Esmaeili SA, Haghmorad D. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via modulation of Th1/Th17 and expansion of Th2/Treg responses. Cell Biol Int 2024. [PMID: 38741520 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The most common central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disease is multiple sclerosis (MS), modeled using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit potent immunomodulatory capabilities, including the suppression of immune cell functions and anti-inflammatory cytokine production. Female C57BL/6 mice (8-10 weeks old) were divided into three groups: 1. Control, 2. Allogeneic MSCs (ALO) treatment, and 3. Syngeneic MSCs (SYN) treatment. To induce EAE, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein was injected subcutaneously with complete Freund's adjuvant, followed by intraperitoneal pertussis toxin. On Days 6 and 12 postimmunization, the treatment groups received intraperitoneal injections of 2 × 106 MSCs. Daily clinical and weight assessments were performed, and on Day 25, the mice were euthanized. At the end of the period, brain histological analysis was conducted to quantify lymphocyte infiltration. T-cell characteristics were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The assessment of transcription factor expression levels in the CNS was also performed using RT-PCR. Compared to the control group, both the allogeneic (ALO) and syngeneic (SYN) groups demonstrated significantly reduced disease progression. The maximum clinical scores for the control, ALO, and SYN groups were 4.4 ± 0.1, 2.4 ± 0.2, and 2.1 ± 0.2, respectively (ALO and SYN vs. Control: p < .001). In comparison to the control group, histological studies demonstrated that the allogeneic and syngeneic groups had less lymphocytic infiltration (ALO: 1.4 ± 0.1, SYN: 1.2 ± 0.2, and control: 2.8 ± 0.15; p < .001) and demyelination (ALO: 1.2 ± 0.15, SYN: 1.1 ± 0.1 and control: 2.9 ± 0.1, p < .001). ALO and SYN groups had lower expression of Th1 and Th17 cytokines and transcription factors (IFN-γ: 0.067, 0.051; STAT4: 0.189, 0.162; T-bet: 0.175, 0.163; IL-17: 0.074, 0.061; STAT3: 0.271, 0.253; ROR-γt: 0.163, 0.149, respectively) compared to the control group on Day 25 following EAE induction. Additionally, ALO and SYN groups compared to the control group, expressed more Th2 and Treg cytokines and transcription factors (IL-4: 4.25, 4.63; STAT6: 2.78, 2.96; GATA3: 2.91, 3.08; IL-27: 2.32, 2.46, IL-33: 2.71, 2.85; TGF-β: 4.8, 5.05; IL-10: 4.71, 4.93; CTLA-4: 7.72, 7.95; PD1: 4.12,4.35; Foxp3: 3.82,4.08, respectively). This research demonstrated that MSCs possess the potential to be a therapeutic option for MS and related CNS inflammatory disorders. Their immunomodulatory properties, coupled with the observed reductions in disease severity, lymphocytic infiltration, and demyelination, indicate that MSCs could play a crucial role in altering the course of MS by mitigating inflammatory immune responses and promoting regulatory immune processes. These findings open up new possibilities for the development of MSC-based therapies for MS, and further investigation and clinical trials may be warranted to explore their efficacy and safety in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Zargarani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maryam J Tavaf
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Azita Soltanmohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rasoul Baharlou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bizhan Sadighimoghaddam
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Dariush Haghmorad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Zaid A, Ariel A. Harnessing anti-inflammatory pathways and macrophage nano delivery to treat inflammatory and fibrotic disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115204. [PMID: 38342241 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Targeting specific organs and cell types using nanotechnology and sophisticated delivery methods has been at the forefront of applicative biomedical sciences lately. Macrophages are an appealing target for immunomodulation by nanodelivery as they are heavily involved in various aspects of many diseases and are highly plastic in their nature. Their continuum of functional "polarization" states has been a research focus for many years yielding a profound understanding of various aspects of these cells. The ability of monocyte-derived macrophages to metamorphose from pro-inflammatory to reparative and consequently to pro-resolving effectors has raised significant interest in its therapeutic potential. Here, we briefly survey macrophages' ontogeny and various polarization phenotypes, highlighting their function in the inflammation-resolution shift. We review their inducing mediators, signaling pathways, and biological programs with emphasis on the nucleic acid sensing-IFN-I axis. We also portray the polarization spectrum of macrophages and the characteristics of their transition between different subtypes. Finally, we highlighted different current drug delivery methods for targeting macrophages with emphasis on nanotargeting that might lead to breakthroughs in the treatment of wound healing, bone regeneration, autoimmune, and fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Zaid
- Department of Biology and Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838 Israel
| | - Amiram Ariel
- Department of Biology and Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838 Israel.
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Kazemi R, Yazdanpanah E, Esmaeili SA, Yousefi B, Baharlou R, Haghmorad D. Thymoquinone improves experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by regulating both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:256. [PMID: 38302802 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune condition marked by inflammation and the loss of myelin in the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of this research was to understand how Thymoquinone regulate the molecular and cellular processes involved in controlling experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is an animal model often used to study MS. Methods Female C57BL/6 mice were split into different groups receiving different doses (low, medium, and high) of Thymoquinone simultaneously with EAE induction. Clinical scores and other measurements were observed daily throughout the 25-day post immunization. We assessed lymphocyte infiltration and demyelination in the spinal cord through histological staining, analyzed T-cell profiles using ELISA, and quantified the expression levels of transcription factors in the CNS using Real-time PCR. Results Thymoquinone prevented the development of EAE. Histological experiments revealed only a small degree of leukocyte infiltration into the CNS. Thymoquinone resulted in a notable reduction in the generation of IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-6, while simultaneously increasing the production of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β in Th2 and Treg cells. Results from Real-time PCR suggested Treatment with Thymoquinone decreased the expression of T-bet and ROR-γt while increasing the expression of Foxp3 and GATA3. Conclusion These findings showed that Thymoquinone could decrease both disease incidence and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kazemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Baharlou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Dariush Haghmorad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Mahmoud M, Abdel-Rasheed M, Galal ER, El-Awady RR. Factors Defining Human Adipose Stem/Stromal Cell Immunomodulation in Vitro. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:175-205. [PMID: 37962697 PMCID: PMC10799834 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Human adipose tissue-derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs) are adult multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells with immunomodulatory capacities. Here, we present up-to-date knowledge on the impact of different experimental and donor-related factors on hASC immunoregulatory functions in vitro. The experimental determinants include the immunological status of hASCs relative to target immune cells, contact vs. contactless interaction, and oxygen tension. Factors such as the ratio of hASCs to immune cells, the cellular context, the immune cell activation status, and coculture duration are also discussed. Conditioning of hASCs with different approaches before interaction with immune cells, hASC culture in xenogenic or xenofree culture medium, hASC culture in two-dimension vs. three-dimension with biomaterials, and the hASC passage number are among the experimental parameters that greatly may impact the hASC immunosuppressive potential in vitro, thus, they are also considered. Moreover, the influence of donor-related characteristics such as age, sex, and health status on hASC immunomodulation in vitro is reviewed. By analysis of the literature studies, most of the indicated determinants have been investigated in broad non-standardized ranges, so the results are not univocal. Clear conclusions cannot be drawn for the fine-tuned scenarios of many important factors to set a standard hASC immunopotency assay. Such variability needs to be carefully considered in further standardized research. Importantly, field experts' opinions may help to make it clearer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mahmoud
- Stem Cell Research Group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Ad Doqi, Dokki, 12622, Cairo Governorate, Egypt.
- Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mazen Abdel-Rasheed
- Stem Cell Research Group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Ad Doqi, Dokki, 12622, Cairo Governorate, Egypt
- Department of Reproductive Health Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Reda Galal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab R El-Awady
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Taeb S, Rostamzadeh D, Mafi S, Mofatteh M, Zarrabi A, Hushmandi K, Safari A, Khodamoradi E, Najafi M. Update on Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Crucial Player in Cancer Immunotherapy. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:98-113. [PMID: 36573062 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666221226143814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The idea of cancer immunotherapy has spread, and it has made tremendous progress with the advancement of new technology. Immunotherapy, which serves to assist the natural defenses of the body in eradicating cancerous cells, is a remarkable achievement that has revolutionized both cancer research and cancer treatments. Currently, the use of stem cells in immunotherapy is widespread and shares a special characteristic, including cancer cell migration, bioactive component release, and immunosuppressive activity. In the context of cancer, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are rapidly being identified as vital stromal regulators of tumor progression. MSCs therapy has been implicated in treating a wide range of diseases, including bone damage, autoimmune diseases, and particularly hematopoietic abnormalities, providing stem cell-based therapy with an extra dimension. Moreover, the implication of MSCs does not have ethical concerns, and the complications known in pluripotent and totipotent stem cells are less common in MSCs. MSCs have a lot of distinctive characteristics that, when coupled, make them excellent for cellular-based immunotherapy and as vehicles for gene and drug delivery in a variety of inflammations and malignancies. MSCs can migrate to the inflammatory site and exert immunomodulatory responses via cell-to-cell contacts with lymphocytes by generating soluble substances. In the current review, we discuss the most recent research on the immunological characteristics of MSCs, their use as immunomodulatory carriers, techniques for approving MSCs to adjust their immunological contour, and their usages as vehicles for delivering therapeutic as well as drugs and genes engineered to destroy tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Taeb
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Davoud Rostamzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Sahar Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mofatteh
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
- Lincoln College, University of Oxford, Turl Street, Oxford OX1 3DR, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Safari
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Khodamoradi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Wu H, Fan Y, Zhang M. Advanced Progress in the Role of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells in the Application of Central Nervous System Disorders. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2637. [PMID: 38004615 PMCID: PMC10674952 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ADMSCs) are recognized as a highly promising material for stem cell therapy due to their accessibility and safety. Given the frequently irreversible damage to neural cells associated with CNS disorders, ADMSC-related therapy, which primarily encompasses ADMSC transplantation and injection with exosomes derived from ADMSCs or secretome, has the capability to inhibit inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis, promote neural regeneration, as well as modulate immune responses, holding potential as a comprehensive approach to treat CNS disorders and improve prognosis. Empirical evidence from both experiments and clinical trials convincingly demonstrates the satisfactory safety and efficacy of ADMSC-related therapies. This review provides a systematic summary of the role of ADMSCs in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders and explores their therapeutic potential for clinical application. ADMSC-related therapy offers a promising avenue to mitigate damage and enhance neurological function in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, further research is necessary to establish the safety and efficacy of clinical ADMSC-based therapy, optimize targeting accuracy, and refine delivery approaches for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (H.W.); (Y.F.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yishu Fan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (H.W.); (Y.F.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (H.W.); (Y.F.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Tian CM, Zhang Y, Yang MF, Xu HM, Zhu MZ, Yao J, Wang LS, Liang YJ, Li DF. Stem Cell Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review of Achievements and Challenges. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2089-2119. [PMID: 37215379 PMCID: PMC10199681 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s400447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a group of chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Repeated inflammation can lead to complications, such as intestinal fistula, obstruction, perforation, and bleeding. Unfortunately, achieving durable remission and mucosal healing (MH) with current treatments is difficult. Stem cells (SCs) have the potential to modulate immunity, suppress inflammation, and have anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic effects, making them an ideal therapeutic strategy to target chronic inflammation and intestinal damage in IBD. In recent years, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown efficacy in treating IBD. In addition, numerous clinical trials have evaluated the efficiency of MSCs in treating the disease. This review summarizes the current research progress on the safety and efficacy of SC-based therapy for IBD in both preclinical models and clinical trials. We discuss potential mechanisms of SC therapy, including tissue repair, paracrine effects, and the promotion of angiogenesis, immune regulation, and anti-inflammatory effects. We also summarize current SC engineering strategies aimed at enhancing the immunosuppressive and regenerative capabilities of SCs for treating intestinal diseases. Additionally, we highlight current limitations and future perspectives of SC-related therapy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Mei Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei-Feng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao-Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min-Zheng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Gärtner Y, Bitar L, Zipp F, Vogelaar CF. Interleukin-4 as a therapeutic target. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 242:108348. [PMID: 36657567 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic cytokine mainly known for its role in type 2 immunity. Therapies antagonizing or blocking IL-4 activity have been developed to counteract diseases such as atopic dermatitis and asthma. In contrast, other disorders experimentally benefit from IL-4-related effects and IL-4 recently demonstrated beneficial activity in experimental stroke, spinal cord injury and the animal model of multiple sclerosis. To exploit IL-4-related activity for therapeutic concepts, current experimental efforts include modifying the pathway without inducing type 2 immune response and targeting of the cytokine to specific tissues. Here, we review different activities of IL-4 as well as therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Gärtner
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lynn Bitar
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Francisca Vogelaar
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN) and Immunotherapy (FZI), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn(2)), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Torres R, Maita K, Garcia J, Serrano L, Ho O, Forte AJ. Modulation of Burn Hypermetabolism in Preclinical Models. Cureus 2023; 15:e33518. [PMID: 36779088 PMCID: PMC9904913 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe burns elicit a state of physiological stress and increased metabolism to help the body compensate for the changes associated with the traumatic injury. However, this hypermetabolic state is associated with increased insulin resistance, cardiovascular dysfunction, skeletal muscle catabolism, impaired wound healing, and delayed recovery. Several interventions were attempted to modulate burn hypermetabolism, including nutritional support, early excision and grafting, and growth hormone application. However, burn hypermetabolism still imposes significant morbidity and mortality in burn patients. Due to the limitations of in vitro models, animal models are indispensable in burn research. Animal models provide researchers with invaluable tools to test the safety and efficacy of novel treatments or advance our knowledge of previously utilized agents. Several animal studies evaluated novel therapies to modulate burn hypermetabolism in the last few years, including recombinant human growth hormone, erythropoietin, acipimox, apelin, anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody, and ghrelin therapies. Results from these studies are promising and may be effectively translated into human studies. In addition, other studies revisited drugs previously used in clinical practice, such as insulin and metformin, to further investigate their underlying mechanisms as modulators of burn hypermetabolism. This review aims to update burn experts with the novel therapies under investigation in burn hypermetabolism with a focus on applicability and translation. Furthermore, we aim to guide researchers in selecting the correct animal model for their experiments by providing a summary of the methodology and the rationale of the latest studies.
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Keshavarz Shahbaz S, Mansourabadi AH, Jafari D. Genetically engineered mesenchymal stromal cells as a new trend for treatment of severe acute graft-versus-host disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 208:12-24. [PMID: 35274673 PMCID: PMC9113247 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a population of non-hematopoietic and self-renewing cells characterized by the potential to differentiate into different cell subtypes. MSCs have interesting features which have attracted a lot of attention in various clinical investigations. Some basic features of MSCs are including the weak immunogenicity (absence of MHC-II and costimulatory ligands accompanied by the low expression of MHC-I) and the potential of plasticity and multi-organ homing via expressing related surface molecules. MSCs by immunomodulatory effects could also ameliorate several immune-pathological conditions like graft-versus-host diseases (GVHD). The efficacy and potency of MSCs are the main objections of MSCs therapeutic applications. It suggested that improving the MSC immunosuppressive characteristic via genetic engineering to produce therapeutic molecules consider as one of the best options for this purpose. In this review, we explain the functions, immunologic properties, and clinical applications of MSCs to discuss the beneficial application of genetically modified MSCs in GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Keshavarz Shahbaz
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mansourabadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunogenetics Research Network (IgReN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Jafari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Immunogenetics Research Network (IgReN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Zanjan, Iran
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Efficacy and Safety of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases (Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and Ankylosing Spondylitis): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:9463314. [PMID: 35371265 PMCID: PMC8970953 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9463314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Methods The Chinese and English databases were searched for clinical research on the treatment of autoimmune diseases with mesenchymal stem cells. The search time range is from a self-built database to October 1, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and evaluated the bias of the included studies. RevMan 5.3 analysis software was used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 18 RCTs involving 5 autoimmune diseases were included. The 5 autoimmune disease were rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory bowel disease, ankylosing spondylitis, and multiple sclerosis. For RA, the current randomized controlled trials (RCTs) still believe that stem cell transplantation may reduce disease activity, improve the clinical symptoms (such as DAS28), and the percentage of CD4+CD 25+Foxp3+Tregs in the response group increased and the percentage of CD4+IL-17A+Th17 cells decreased. The total clinical effective rate of RA is 54%. For SLE, the results showed that mesenchymal stem cell transplantation may improve SLEDAI [-2.18 (-3.62, -0.75), P = 0.003], urine protein [-0.93 (-1.04, -0.81), P < 0.00001], and complement C3 [0.31 (0.19, 0.42), P < 0.00001]. For inflammatory bowel disease, the results showed that mesenchymal stem cell transplantation may improve clinical efficacy [2.50 (1.07, 5.84), P = 0.03]. For ankylosing spondylitis, MSC treatment for 6 months may increase the total effective rate; reduce erythrocyte sedimentation rate, intercellular adhesion molecules, and serum TNF-α; and improve pain and activity. For multiple sclerosis, the current research results are still controversial, so more RCTs are needed to amend or confirm the conclusions. No obvious adverse events of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation were found in all RCTs. Conclusion MSCs have a certain effect on different autoimmune diseases, but more RCTs are needed to further modify or confirm the conclusion.
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Switching Roles: Beneficial Effects of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Microglia and Their Implication in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020219. [PMID: 35204722 PMCID: PMC8961583 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, are often characterized by neuroinflammation, which is largely driven by microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Under these conditions, microglia are able to secrete neurotoxic substances, provoking neuronal cell death. However, microglia in the healthy brain carry out CNS-supporting functions. This is due to the ability of microglia to acquire different phenotypes that can play a neuroprotective role under physiological conditions or a pro-inflammatory, damaging one during disease. Therefore, therapeutic strategies focus on the downregulation of these neuroinflammatory processes and try to re-activate the neuroprotective features of microglia. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) of different origins have been shown to exert such effects, due to their immunomodulatory properties. In recent years, MSC derived from adipose tissue have been made the center of attention because of their easy availability and extraction methods. These cells induce a neuroprotective phenotype in microglia and downregulate neuroinflammation, resulting in an improvement of clinical symptoms in a variety of animal models for neurological pathologies, e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic brain injury and ischemic stroke. In this review, we will discuss the application of adipose tissue-derived MSC and their conditioned medium, including extracellular vesicles, in neurological disorders, their beneficial effect on microglia and the signaling pathways involved.
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13
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Foo JB, Looi QH, Chong PP, Hassan NH, Yeo GEC, Ng CY, Koh B, How CW, Lee SH, Law JX. Comparing the Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells and their Secretory Products in Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:2616807. [PMID: 34422061 PMCID: PMC8378970 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2616807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy involves the transplantation of human cells to replace or repair the damaged tissues and modulate the mechanisms underlying disease initiation and progression in the body. Nowadays, many different types of cell-based therapy are developed and used to treat a variety of diseases. In the past decade, cell-free therapy has emerged as a novel approach in regenerative medicine after the discovery that the transplanted cells exerted their therapeutic effect mainly through the secretion of paracrine factors. More and more evidence showed that stem cell-derived secretome, i.e., growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles, can repair the injured tissues as effectively as the cells. This finding has spurred a new idea to employ secretome in regenerative medicine. Despite that, will cell-free therapy slowly replace cell therapy in the future? Or are these two modes of treatment still needed to address different diseases and conditions? This review provides an indepth discussion about the values of stem cells and secretome in regenerative medicine. In addition, the safety, efficacy, advantages, and disadvantages of using these two modes of treatment in regenerative medicine are also critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Qi Hao Looi
- My Cytohealth Sdn Bhd, Bandar Seri Petaling, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pan Pan Chong
- National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hidayah Hassan
- National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Genieve Ee Chia Yeo
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chiew Yong Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Benson Koh
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wun How
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sau Har Lee
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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14
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Strategies to Potentiate Paracrine Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073397. [PMID: 33806241 PMCID: PMC8037333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been developed as cell therapeutics for various immune disorders using their immunoregulatory properties mainly exerted by their paracrine functions. However, variation among cells from different donors, as well as rapid clearance after transplantation have impaired the uniform efficacy of MSCs and limited their application. Recently, several strategies to overcome this limitation have been suggested and proven in pre-clinical settings. Therefore, in this review article, we will update the knowledge on bioengineering strategies to improve the immunomodulatory functions of MSCs, including genetic modification and physical engineering.
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15
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Therapeutic Effects of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Mouse Model of Cerebellar Ataxia with Neuroinflammation. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113654. [PMID: 33202913 PMCID: PMC7698164 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxias (CAs) are neurological diseases characterized by loss of muscle coordination that is a result of damage and inflammation to the cerebellum. Despite considerable efforts in basic and clinical research, most CAs are currently incurable. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) against CAs associated with neuroinflammation. We observed that hMSC treatment significantly inhibited the symptoms of ataxia in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory CA (ICA) mice, which were recently reported as a potential animal model of ICA, through the anti-inflammatory effect of hMSC-derived TNFα-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6), the protection of Purkinje cells by inhibition of apoptosis, and the modulatory effect for microglial M2 polarization. Thus, our results suggest that hMSC treatment may be an effective therapeutic approach for preventing or improving ataxia symptoms.
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16
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Eslami A, Dehbashi M, Ashja-Arvan M, Salehi H, Azimzadeh M, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M. Assessment of ability of human adipose derived stem cells for long term overexpression of IL-11 and IL-13 as therapeutic cytokines. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:773-784. [PMID: 32935166 PMCID: PMC7547926 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a type of mesenchymal stem cells with the therapeutic effects that make them one of the best sources for cell therapy. In this study, we aimed to assess the ability of human ADSCs for constant expression of IL-11 and IL-13, simultaneously. In this study, the characterized hADSCs were transduced with a lentiviral vector (PCDH-513B) containing IL-11 and IL-13 genes, and the ability of long-term expression of the transgenes was evaluated by ELISA technique on days 15, 45 and 75 after transduction. Our results indicated a high rate of transduction (more than 90%) in the isolated hADSCs. Our data showed the highest rate of expression on days 75 after transduction which was 242.67 pg/ml for IL-11 and 303.6 pg/ml for IL-13 compared with 35.2 pg/ml and 35.6 pg/ml in untreated cells, respectively (p = 0.001). Besides, MTT assay showed transduction of hADSCs with lentiviral viruses containing IL-11 and IL-13 had no adverse effect on hADSCs proliferation (p-value = 0.89). Finally, we successfully constructed a hADSC population stably overexpressing IL-11 as the neurotrophic cytokine and IL-13 as the anti-inflammatory cytokine and this transduced cells can be used for further studies in EAE mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Eslami
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Moein Dehbashi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehnoosh Ashja-Arvan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Azimzadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Damasceno PKF, de Santana TA, Santos GC, Orge ID, Silva DN, Albuquerque JF, Golinelli G, Grisendi G, Pinelli M, Ribeiro Dos Santos R, Dominici M, Soares MBP. Genetic Engineering as a Strategy to Improve the Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Regenerative Medicine. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:737. [PMID: 32974331 PMCID: PMC7471932 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been widely studied in the field of regenerative medicine for applications in the treatment of several disease settings. The therapeutic potential of MSCs has been evaluated in studies in vitro and in vivo, especially based on their anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative action, through the secretion of soluble mediators. In many cases, however, insufficient engraftment and limited beneficial effects of MSCs indicate the need of approaches to enhance their survival, migration and therapeutic potential. Genetic engineering emerges as a means to induce the expression of different proteins and soluble factors with a wide range of applications, such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, transcription factors, enzymes and microRNAs. Distinct strategies have been applied to induce genetic modifications with the goal to enhance the potential of MCSs. This review aims to contribute to the update of the different genetically engineered tools employed for MSCs modification, as well as the factors investigated in different fields in which genetically engineered MSCs have been tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kauanna Fonseca Damasceno
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Health Institute of Technology, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Iasmim Diniz Orge
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Health Institute of Technology, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniela Nascimento Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Health Institute of Technology, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Giulia Golinelli
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Pinelli
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Health Institute of Technology, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine (INCT-REGENERA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Health Institute of Technology, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine (INCT-REGENERA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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18
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Enam SF, Kader SR, Bodkin N, Lyon JG, Calhoun M, Azrak C, Tiwari PM, Vanover D, Wang H, Santangelo PJ, Bellamkonda RV. Evaluation of M2-like macrophage enrichment after diffuse traumatic brain injury through transient interleukin-4 expression from engineered mesenchymal stromal cells. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:197. [PMID: 32563258 PMCID: PMC7306141 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01860-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriately modulating inflammation after traumatic brain injury (TBI) may prevent disabilities for the millions of those inflicted annually. In TBI, cellular mediators of inflammation, including macrophages and microglia, possess a range of phenotypes relevant for an immunomodulatory therapeutic approach. It is thought that early phenotypic modulation of these cells will have a cascading healing effect. In fact, an anti-inflammatory, "M2-like" macrophage phenotype after TBI has been associated with neurogenesis, axonal regeneration, and improved white matter integrity (WMI). There already exist clinical trials seeking an M2-like bias through mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). However, MSCs do not endogenously synthesize key signals that induce robust M2-like phenotypes such as interleukin-4 (IL-4). METHODS To enrich M2-like macrophages in a clinically relevant manner, we augmented MSCs with synthetic IL-4 mRNA to transiently express IL-4. These IL-4 expressing MSCs (IL-4 MSCs) were characterized for expression and functionality and then delivered in a modified mouse TBI model of closed head injury. Groups were assessed for functional deficits and MR imaging. Brain tissue was analyzed through flow cytometry, multi-plex ELISA, qPCR, histology, and RNA sequencing. RESULTS We observed that IL-4 MSCs indeed induce a robust M2-like macrophage phenotype and promote anti-inflammatory gene expression after TBI. However, here we demonstrate that acute enrichment of M2-like macrophages did not translate to improved functional or histological outcomes, or improvements in WMI on MR imaging. To further understand whether dysfunctional pathways underlie the lack of therapeutic effect, we report transcriptomic analysis of injured and treated brains. Through this, we discovered that inflammation persists despite acute enrichment of M2-like macrophages in the brain. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that MSCs can be engineered to induce a stronger M2-like macrophage response in vivo. However, they also suggest that acute enrichment of only M2-like macrophages after diffuse TBI cannot orchestrate neurogenesis, axonal regeneration, or improve WMI. Here, we also discuss our modified TBI model and methods to assess severity, behavioral studies, and propose that IL-4 expressing MSCs may also have relevance in other cavitary diseases or in improving biomaterial integration into tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faaiz Enam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Bodkin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Johnathan G Lyon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mark Calhoun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cesar Azrak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pooja Munnilal Tiwari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daryll Vanover
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haichen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Philip J Santangelo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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19
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Ceccarelli S, Pontecorvi P, Anastasiadou E, Napoli C, Marchese C. Immunomodulatory Effect of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: The Cutting Edge of Clinical Application. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:236. [PMID: 32363193 PMCID: PMC7180192 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) represent a promising tool for soft tissue engineering as well as for clinical treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies. The well-characterized multi-differentiation potential and self-renewal properties of ASCs are coupled with their immunomodulatory ability in providing therapeutic efficacy. Yet, their impact in immune or inflammatory disorders might rely both on cell contact-dependent mechanisms and paracrine effects, resulting in the release of various soluble factors that regulate immune cells functions. Despite the widespread use of ASCs in clinical trials addressing several pathologies, the pathophysiological mechanisms at the basis of their clinical use have been not yet fully investigated. In particular, a thorough analysis of ASC immunomodulatory potential is mandatory. Here we explore such molecular mechanisms involved in ASC immunomodulatory properties, emphasizing the relevance of the milieu composition. We review the potential clinical use of ASC secretome as a mediator for immunomodulation, with a focus on in vitro and in vivo environmental conditions affecting clinical outcome. We describe some potential strategies for optimization of ASCs immunomodulatory capacity in clinical settings, which act either on adult stem cells gene expression and local microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the limitations of both allogeneic and autologous ASC use, highlighting the issues to be fixed in order to significantly improve the efficacy of ASC-based cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Pontecorvi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleni Anastasiadou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Clinical and Surgical Sciences, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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20
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Polcyn R, Capone M, Matzelle D, Lueking B, Walker A, Kau E, Haque A, Banik N. Cytokine/chemokine dysregulation in progressive MS patient is apparent and can be modulated by calpain inhibition. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:255-261. [PMID: 31853829 PMCID: PMC9773329 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the cytokine/chemokine profile of a 62-year-old African American male with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). MRI images of the MS patient demonstrated generalized white matter involvement with multiple lesions in the periventricular area. A 42-plex Discovery Assay® (Eve Technologies) of the patient's plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) supernatant or PBMC-derived T cell supernatant samples from two separate clinic visits revealed vastly differing cytokine/chemokine levels. In addition, certain cytokine/chemokine profiles had notable differences when compared to the larger patient group or patients' PBMCs treated with a calpain inhibitor in vitro. Interestingly, large numbers of cytokines/chemokines and growth factors in MS PBMCs are modulated by calpain inhibition, suggesting the clinical significance of these findings in designing better therapeutics against progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Polcyn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mollie Capone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St, MSC606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Denise Matzelle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St, MSC606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Brittany Lueking
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Aljoeson Walker
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kau
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Naren Banik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St, MSC606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
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21
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Seo Y, Shin TH, Kim HS. Current Strategies to Enhance Adipose Stem Cell Function: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153827. [PMID: 31387282 PMCID: PMC6696067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) emerged as a promising therapeutic tool targeting a variety of inflammatory disorders due to their multiple remarkable properties, such as superior immunomodulatory function and tissue-regenerative capacity. Although bone marrow (BM) is a dominant source for adult MSCs, increasing evidence suggests that adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs), which can be easily obtained at a relatively high yield, have potent therapeutic advantages comparable with BM-MSCs. Despite its outstanding benefits in pre-clinical settings, the practical efficacy of ASCs remains controversial since clinical trials with ASC application often resulted in unsatisfactory outcomes. To overcome this challenge, scientists established several strategies to generate highly functional ASCs beyond the naïve cells, including (1) pre-conditioning of ASCs with various stimulants such as inflammatory agents, (2) genetic manipulation of ASCs and (3) modification of culture conditions with three-dimensional (3D) aggregate formation and hypoxic culture. Also, exosomes and other extracellular vesicles secreted from ASCs can be applied directly to recapitulate the beneficial performance of ASCs. This review summarizes the current strategies to improve the therapeutic features of ASCs for successful clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Seo
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Shin
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Department of Life Science in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
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22
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Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 Exacerbate Neurotoxicity of Prothrombin Kringle-2 in Cortex In Vivo via Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081927. [PMID: 31010119 PMCID: PMC6515094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of activated microglia-derived interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 on neurodegeneration in prothrombin kringle-2 (pKr-2)-treated rat cortex. pKr-2 was unilaterally injected into the Sprague–Dawley rat cerebral cortex and IL-4 and IL-13 neutralizing antibody was used to block the function of IL-4 and IL-13. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a significant loss of NeuN+ and Nissl+ cells and an increase of OX-42+ cells in the cortex at seven days post pKr-2. The levels of IL-4 and IL-13 expression were upregulated in the activated microglia as early as 12 hours post pKr-2 and sustained up to seven days post pKr-2. Neutralization by IL-4 or IL-13 antibodies (NA) significantly increased neuronal survival in pKr-2-treated rat cortex in vivo by suppressing microglial activation and the production of reactive oxygen species, as analyzed by immunohisotochemistry and hydroethidine histochemistry. These results suggest that IL-4 and IL-13 that were endogenously expressed from reactive microglia may play a critical role on neuronal death by regulating oxidative stress during the neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.
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23
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Safizadeh B, Hoshyar R, Mehrpour M, Eftekhar M, Salimi V, Yazdani S, Bijari B, Khodakhah F, Tavakoli-Yaraki M. The role of expression and activity of 15-Lipoxygenase isoforms and related cytokines in patients with Multiple Sclerosis and healthy controls. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 325:32-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Wei W, Huang Y, Li D, Gou HF, Wang W. Improved therapeutic potential of MSCs by genetic modification. Gene Ther 2018; 25:538-547. [PMID: 30254305 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-018-0041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), well-studied adult stem cells in various tissues, possess multi-lineage differentiation potential and anti-inflammatory properties. MSCs have been approved to regenerate lineage-specific cells to replace injured cells in tissues. MSCs are approved to treat inflammatory diseases. With the discovery of genes important for the repair of damaged tissues, MSCs genetically modified by such genes hold improved therapeutic potential. In this review, we summarised the uses of genetically modified MSCs to treat different diseases, including bone diseases, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, central nervous system disorders, and cancer. To better understand the exact role of genetically modified MSCs, key mechanisms determining, which genes are selected to be used for modifying MSCs and improvements in post-genetic modification are discussed. Therapeutic benefits enhanced by genetic modifications are to be documented by further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Feng Gou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
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25
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Leyendecker A, Pinheiro CCG, Amano MT, Bueno DF. The Use of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Therapeutic Agents for the in vivo Treatment of Immune-Related Diseases: A Systematic Review. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2056. [PMID: 30254638 PMCID: PMC6141714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: One of the greatest challenges for medicine is to find a safe and effective treatment for immune-related diseases. However, due to the low efficacy of the treatment available and the occurrence of serious adverse effects, many groups are currently searching for alternatives to the traditional therapy. In this regard, the use of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) represents a great promise for the treatment of a variety of immune-related diseases due to their potent immunomodulatory properties. The main objective of this study is, therefore, to present and summarize, through a systematic review of the literature, in vivo studies in which the efficacy of the administration of hMSCs for the treatment of immune-related diseases was evaluated. Methods: The article search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Original research articles assessing the therapeutic potential of hMSCs administration for the in vivo treatment immune-related diseases, published from 1984 to December 2017, were selected and evaluated. Results: A total of 132 manuscripts formed the basis of this systematic review. Most of the studies analyzed reported positive results after hMSCs administration. Clinical effects commonly observed include an increase in the survival rates and a reduction in the severity and incidence of the immune-related diseases studied. In addition, hMSCs administration resulted in an inhibition in the proliferation and activation of CD19+ B cells, CD4+ Th1 and Th17 cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils. The clonal expansion of both Bregs and Tregs cells, however, was stimulated. Administration of hMSCs also resulted in a reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-2, IL-12, and IL-17 and in an increase in the levels of immunoregulatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study open new avenues for the treatment of immune-related diseases through the administration of hMSCs and emphasize the importance of the conduction of further studies in this area.
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26
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Wang S, Zhu R, Li H, Li J, Han Q, Zhao RC. Mesenchymal stem cells and immune disorders: from basic science to clinical transition. Front Med 2018; 13:138-151. [PMID: 30062557 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
As a promising candidate seed cell type in regenerative medicine, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted considerable attention. The unique capacity of MSCs to exert a regulatory effect on immunity in an autologous/allergenic manner makes them an attractive therapeutic cell type for immune disorders. In this review, we discussed the current knowledge of and advances in MSCs, including its basic biological properties, i.e., multilineage differentiation, secretome, and immunomodulation. Specifically, on the basis of our previous work, we proposed three new concepts of MSCs, i.e., "subtotipotent stem cell" hypothesis, MSC system, and "Yin and Yang" balance of MSC regulation, which may bring new insights into our understanding of MSCs. Furthermore, we analyzed data from the Clinical Trials database ( http://clinicaltrials.gov ) on registered clinical trials using MSCs to treat a variety of immune diseases, such as graft-versus-host disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis. In addition, we highlighted MSC clinical trials in China and discussed the challenges and future directions in the field of MSC clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.,Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100005, China.,Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Rongjia Zhu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.,Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100005, China.,Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Hongling Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.,Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100005, China.,Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.,Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100005, China.,Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Qin Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.,Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100005, China.,Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China. .,School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China. .,Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100005, China. .,Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.
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27
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Stem Cells as Potential Targets of Polyphenols in Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1483791. [PMID: 30112360 PMCID: PMC6077677 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1483791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis are major neurodegenerative diseases, which are characterized by the accumulation of abnormal pathogenic proteins due to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired autophagy, and pathogens, leading to neurodegeneration and behavioral deficits. Herein, we reviewed the utility of plant polyphenols in regulating proliferation and differentiation of stem cells for inducing brain self-repair in AD and multiple sclerosis. Firstly, we discussed the genetic, physiological, and environmental factors involved in the pathophysiology of both the disorders. Next, we reviewed various stem cell therapies available and how they have proved useful in animal models of AD and multiple sclerosis. Lastly, we discussed how polyphenols utilize the potential of stem cells, either complementing their therapeutic effects or stimulating endogenous and exogenous neurogenesis, against these diseases. We suggest that polyphenols could be a potential candidate for stem cell therapy against neurodegenerative disorders.
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28
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Kim HJ, Kim KW, Kwon YR, Kim BM, Kim YJ. Forced expression of CD200 improves the differentiation capability and immunoregulatory functions of mesenchymal stromal cells. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 40:1425-1433. [PMID: 29740779 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In order to identify specific mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) populations with enhanced therapeutic efficacy, we evaluated the functional changes associated with the stable expression of CD200, which is associated with immune regulatory function and osteogenic differentiation, in human bone marrow-derived MSCs (CD200/MSCs). RESULTS We detected significantly greater osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in CD200/MSCs than in mock-transfected MSCs. In addition, the immune regulatory function of MSCs in mixed lymphocyte reactions was enhanced by CD200 gene transfection. In CD200/MSCs, the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, i.e., IL-6 and IL-8, was reduced, and levels of the anti-inflammatory factors IL-10, FOXP3, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 were elevated. Finally, CD200 transfection increased the stemness of MSCs, as evidenced by greater colony numbers in colony-forming unit fibroblast assays and analyses of NANOG and OCT-4 expression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CD200/MSCs have therapeutic applications, and further in-depth research should focus on the development of a clinically applicable cell-based therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Joung Kim
- Laboratory of Hematological Disease and Transplant Immunology, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Hematology, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Woon Kim
- Department of Hematology, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Rim Kwon
- Laboratory of Hematological Disease and Transplant Immunology, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Hematology, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Mi Kim
- Department of Hematology, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Hematological Disease and Transplant Immunology, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Hematology, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, Korea. .,Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 06591, Korea. .,Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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29
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Tian KW, Zhang YY, Jiang H, Han S. Intravenous C16 and angiopoietin-1 improve the efficacy of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for EAE. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4649. [PMID: 29545630 PMCID: PMC5854598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta has emerged as an attractive source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) because of the absence of ethical issues, non-invasive access, and abundant yield. However, inflammatory cell invasion into grafts negatively impacts the survival and efficacy of transplanted cells. Previous studies have shown that synthetic C16 peptide can competitively block the transmigration of leukocytes into the central nerve system, while angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) can inhibit inflammation-induced blood vessel leakage and inflammatory cell infiltration in rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this study, we investigated the effects of intravenous administration of C16 and Ang-1 on the efficacy of placenta-derived MSC (PMSC) transplantation in a rat model of EAE. We found that, compared with PMSCs alone, treatment with PMSCs along with intravenously administered C16 and Ang-1 was more effective at ameliorating demyelination/neuronal loss and neurological dysfunction, reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, perivascular edema, and reactive astrogliosis (p < 0.05). Mechanistic studies revealed that intravenous C16 and Ang-1 increased PMSC engraftment in the central nervous system and promoted expression of the neurotropic proteins brain-derived neurotrophic factor, growth-associated protein 43, and p75 neurotrophin receptor as well as the neuronal-glial lineage markers neurofilament protein 200 and myelin basic protein in the engrafted PMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Wei Tian
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Electrophysiology, SirRunRunShaw Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, 310016, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shu Han
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
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30
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Vogelaar CF, Mandal S, Lerch S, Birkner K, Birkenstock J, Bühler U, Schnatz A, Raine CS, Bittner S, Vogt J, Kipnis J, Nitsch R, Zipp F. Fast direct neuronal signaling via the IL-4 receptor as therapeutic target in neuroinflammation. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:10/430/eaao2304. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao2304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Wang YL, Xue P, Xu CY, Wang Z, Liu XS, Hua LL, Bai HY, Zeng ZL, Duan HF, Li JF. SPK1-transfected UCMSC has better therapeutic activity than UCMSC in the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of Multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1756. [PMID: 29379030 PMCID: PMC5788935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS), is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system that leads to chronic demyelination with axonal damage and neuronal loss. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising therapeutic approach for MS. In the current study, we investigated the effects of MSCs derived from the human umbilical cord (UCMSC) transfected by sphingosine kinase 1 (SPK1) gene. All the results showed that transplantation of UCMSCs gene modified by SPK1 (UCMSC-SPK1) dramatically reduce the severity of neurological deficits of the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice, paralleling by reductions in demyelination, axonal loss, and astrogliosis. UCMSC-SPK1 transplantation also could inhibit the development of natural killer (NK) responses in the spleen of EAE mice, and increase the ratio of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ (Treg) T cells. Furthermore, we described that a shift in the cytokine response from Th1/Th17 to Th2 was an underlying mechanism that suppressed CNS autoimmunity. UCMSCs transfected by SPK1 gene potentially offer a novel mode for the treatment of MS, and the specific mechanism of SPK1 in treating MS/EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Liang Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 32 Nanyang Road, Zhengzhou, 450014, China.,Department of Neurology, the 148th Hospital of Chinese PLA, No. 20 North Road Zhoucun District, Zibo, 255300, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 32 Nanyang Road, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Chun-Yang Xu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 32 Nanyang Road, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Neurology, the 148th Hospital of Chinese PLA, No. 20 North Road Zhoucun District, Zibo, 255300, China
| | - Xin-Shan Liu
- Electroencephalogram Room of Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 50 Xiangshanyikesong Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Lin-Lin Hua
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 32 Nanyang Road, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Hong-Ying Bai
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 32 Nanyang Road, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Zhi-Lei Zeng
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 32 Nanyang Road, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Hai-Feng Duan
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Jin-Feng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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32
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Abstract
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases aim at halting clinical deterioration by regeneration and by providing local support for damaged tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great potential for cell therapy as they can be efficiently derived from adult tissue, ex vivo expanded in culture and safely transplanted autologously. MSCs were also shown to be able to differentiate toward neural fates and to secrete a broad range of factors able to promote nervous tissue maintenance and repair. Moreover, upon transplantation, MSCs were shown capable of homing toward lesioned areas, implying their potential use as vehicles for therapeutic agents administration. Indeed, various advantageous effects were reported following human MSCs transplantation into rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as neurotrophic factor-mediated protection, enhanced neurogenesis, modulation of inflammation, and abnormal protein aggregate clearance. Recent studies have also used ex vivo manipulation for enhanced expression of potentially favorable factors, by so exploiting the homing capacity of MSCs for effective expression at the lesion site. Here, we will summarize current advancements in MSCs-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. We will examine the roles of central mechanisms suggested to mediate the beneficial effects of MSCs-based therapy and consider the augmentation of these mechanisms for superior clinical outcomes in rodent models of neurodegeneration as well as in clinical trials.
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33
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Volkman R, Offen D. Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Stem Cells 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2651 and extractvalue(5426,concat(0x5c,0x717a6a6b71,(select (elt(5426=5426,1))),0x71707a7a71))-- ncmy] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases aim at halting clinical deterioration by regeneration and by providing local support for damaged tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great potential for cell therapy as they can be efficiently derived from adult tissue, ex vivo expanded in culture and safely transplanted autologously. MSCs were also shown to be able to differentiate toward neural fates and to secrete a broad range of factors able to promote nervous tissue maintenance and repair. Moreover, upon transplantation, MSCs were shown capable of homing toward lesioned areas, implying their potential use as vehicles for therapeutic agents administration. Indeed, various advantageous effects were reported following human MSCs transplantation into rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as neurotrophic factor-mediated protection, enhanced neurogenesis, modulation of inflammation, and abnormal protein aggregate clearance. Recent studies have also used ex vivo manipulation for enhanced expression of potentially favorable factors, by so exploiting the homing capacity of MSCs for effective expression at the lesion site. Here, we will summarize current advancements in MSCs-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. We will examine the roles of central mechanisms suggested to mediate the beneficial effects of MSCs-based therapy and consider the augmentation of these mechanisms for superior clinical outcomes in rodent models of neurodegeneration as well as in clinical trials.
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34
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Abstract
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases aim at halting clinical deterioration by regeneration and by providing local support for damaged tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great potential for cell therapy as they can be efficiently derived from adult tissue, ex vivo expanded in culture and safely transplanted autologously. MSCs were also shown to be able to differentiate toward neural fates and to secrete a broad range of factors able to promote nervous tissue maintenance and repair. Moreover, upon transplantation, MSCs were shown capable of homing toward lesioned areas, implying their potential use as vehicles for therapeutic agents administration. Indeed, various advantageous effects were reported following human MSCs transplantation into rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as neurotrophic factor-mediated protection, enhanced neurogenesis, modulation of inflammation, and abnormal protein aggregate clearance. Recent studies have also used ex vivo manipulation for enhanced expression of potentially favorable factors, by so exploiting the homing capacity of MSCs for effective expression at the lesion site. Here, we will summarize current advancements in MSCs-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. We will examine the roles of central mechanisms suggested to mediate the beneficial effects of MSCs-based therapy and consider the augmentation of these mechanisms for superior clinical outcomes in rodent models of neurodegeneration as well as in clinical trials.
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35
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Abstract
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases aim at halting clinical deterioration by regeneration and by providing local support for damaged tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great potential for cell therapy as they can be efficiently derived from adult tissue, ex vivo expanded in culture and safely transplanted autologously. MSCs were also shown to be able to differentiate toward neural fates and to secrete a broad range of factors able to promote nervous tissue maintenance and repair. Moreover, upon transplantation, MSCs were shown capable of homing toward lesioned areas, implying their potential use as vehicles for therapeutic agents administration. Indeed, various advantageous effects were reported following human MSCs transplantation into rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as neurotrophic factor-mediated protection, enhanced neurogenesis, modulation of inflammation, and abnormal protein aggregate clearance. Recent studies have also used ex vivo manipulation for enhanced expression of potentially favorable factors, by so exploiting the homing capacity of MSCs for effective expression at the lesion site. Here, we will summarize current advancements in MSCs-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. We will examine the roles of central mechanisms suggested to mediate the beneficial effects of MSCs-based therapy and consider the augmentation of these mechanisms for superior clinical outcomes in rodent models of neurodegeneration as well as in clinical trials.
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36
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Volkman R, Offen D. Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Stem Cells 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2651 order by 1-- hpcc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases aim at halting clinical deterioration by regeneration and by providing local support for damaged tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great potential for cell therapy as they can be efficiently derived from adult tissue, ex vivo expanded in culture and safely transplanted autologously. MSCs were also shown to be able to differentiate toward neural fates and to secrete a broad range of factors able to promote nervous tissue maintenance and repair. Moreover, upon transplantation, MSCs were shown capable of homing toward lesioned areas, implying their potential use as vehicles for therapeutic agents administration. Indeed, various advantageous effects were reported following human MSCs transplantation into rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as neurotrophic factor-mediated protection, enhanced neurogenesis, modulation of inflammation, and abnormal protein aggregate clearance. Recent studies have also used ex vivo manipulation for enhanced expression of potentially favorable factors, by so exploiting the homing capacity of MSCs for effective expression at the lesion site. Here, we will summarize current advancements in MSCs-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. We will examine the roles of central mechanisms suggested to mediate the beneficial effects of MSCs-based therapy and consider the augmentation of these mechanisms for superior clinical outcomes in rodent models of neurodegeneration as well as in clinical trials.
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37
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Abstract
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases aim at halting clinical deterioration by regeneration and by providing local support for damaged tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great potential for cell therapy as they can be efficiently derived from adult tissue, ex vivo expanded in culture and safely transplanted autologously. MSCs were also shown to be able to differentiate toward neural fates and to secrete a broad range of factors able to promote nervous tissue maintenance and repair. Moreover, upon transplantation, MSCs were shown capable of homing toward lesioned areas, implying their potential use as vehicles for therapeutic agents administration. Indeed, various advantageous effects were reported following human MSCs transplantation into rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as neurotrophic factor-mediated protection, enhanced neurogenesis, modulation of inflammation, and abnormal protein aggregate clearance. Recent studies have also used ex vivo manipulation for enhanced expression of potentially favorable factors, by so exploiting the homing capacity of MSCs for effective expression at the lesion site. Here, we will summarize current advancements in MSCs-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. We will examine the roles of central mechanisms suggested to mediate the beneficial effects of MSCs-based therapy and consider the augmentation of these mechanisms for superior clinical outcomes in rodent models of neurodegeneration as well as in clinical trials.
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38
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Abstract
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases aim at halting clinical deterioration by regeneration and by providing local support for damaged tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great potential for cell therapy as they can be efficiently derived from adult tissue, ex vivo expanded in culture and safely transplanted autologously. MSCs were also shown to be able to differentiate toward neural fates and to secrete a broad range of factors able to promote nervous tissue maintenance and repair. Moreover, upon transplantation, MSCs were shown capable of homing toward lesioned areas, implying their potential use as vehicles for therapeutic agents administration. Indeed, various advantageous effects were reported following human MSCs transplantation into rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as neurotrophic factor-mediated protection, enhanced neurogenesis, modulation of inflammation, and abnormal protein aggregate clearance. Recent studies have also used ex vivo manipulation for enhanced expression of potentially favorable factors, by so exploiting the homing capacity of MSCs for effective expression at the lesion site. Here, we will summarize current advancements in MSCs-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. We will examine the roles of central mechanisms suggested to mediate the beneficial effects of MSCs-based therapy and consider the augmentation of these mechanisms for superior clinical outcomes in rodent models of neurodegeneration as well as in clinical trials.
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39
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Abstract
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases aim at halting clinical deterioration by regeneration and by providing local support for damaged tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great potential for cell therapy as they can be efficiently derived from adult tissue, ex vivo expanded in culture and safely transplanted autologously. MSCs were also shown to be able to differentiate toward neural fates and to secrete a broad range of factors able to promote nervous tissue maintenance and repair. Moreover, upon transplantation, MSCs were shown capable of homing toward lesioned areas, implying their potential use as vehicles for therapeutic agents administration. Indeed, various advantageous effects were reported following human MSCs transplantation into rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as neurotrophic factor-mediated protection, enhanced neurogenesis, modulation of inflammation, and abnormal protein aggregate clearance. Recent studies have also used ex vivo manipulation for enhanced expression of potentially favorable factors, by so exploiting the homing capacity of MSCs for effective expression at the lesion site. Here, we will summarize current advancements in MSCs-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. We will examine the roles of central mechanisms suggested to mediate the beneficial effects of MSCs-based therapy and consider the augmentation of these mechanisms for superior clinical outcomes in rodent models of neurodegeneration as well as in clinical trials.
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40
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Volkman R, Offen D. Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Stem Cells 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2651 order by 1-- asnk] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases aim at halting clinical deterioration by regeneration and by providing local support for damaged tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great potential for cell therapy as they can be efficiently derived from adult tissue, ex vivo expanded in culture and safely transplanted autologously. MSCs were also shown to be able to differentiate toward neural fates and to secrete a broad range of factors able to promote nervous tissue maintenance and repair. Moreover, upon transplantation, MSCs were shown capable of homing toward lesioned areas, implying their potential use as vehicles for therapeutic agents administration. Indeed, various advantageous effects were reported following human MSCs transplantation into rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as neurotrophic factor-mediated protection, enhanced neurogenesis, modulation of inflammation, and abnormal protein aggregate clearance. Recent studies have also used ex vivo manipulation for enhanced expression of potentially favorable factors, by so exploiting the homing capacity of MSCs for effective expression at the lesion site. Here, we will summarize current advancements in MSCs-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. We will examine the roles of central mechanisms suggested to mediate the beneficial effects of MSCs-based therapy and consider the augmentation of these mechanisms for superior clinical outcomes in rodent models of neurodegeneration as well as in clinical trials.
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41
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Abstract
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases aim at halting clinical deterioration by regeneration and by providing local support for damaged tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great potential for cell therapy as they can be efficiently derived from adult tissue, ex vivo expanded in culture and safely transplanted autologously. MSCs were also shown to be able to differentiate toward neural fates and to secrete a broad range of factors able to promote nervous tissue maintenance and repair. Moreover, upon transplantation, MSCs were shown capable of homing toward lesioned areas, implying their potential use as vehicles for therapeutic agents administration. Indeed, various advantageous effects were reported following human MSCs transplantation into rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as neurotrophic factor-mediated protection, enhanced neurogenesis, modulation of inflammation, and abnormal protein aggregate clearance. Recent studies have also used ex vivo manipulation for enhanced expression of potentially favorable factors, by so exploiting the homing capacity of MSCs for effective expression at the lesion site. Here, we will summarize current advancements in MSCs-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. We will examine the roles of central mechanisms suggested to mediate the beneficial effects of MSCs-based therapy and consider the augmentation of these mechanisms for superior clinical outcomes in rodent models of neurodegeneration as well as in clinical trials.
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Volkman R, Offen D. Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1867-1880. [PMID: 28589621 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases aim at halting clinical deterioration by regeneration and by providing local support for damaged tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great potential for cell therapy as they can be efficiently derived from adult tissue, ex vivo expanded in culture and safely transplanted autologously. MSCs were also shown to be able to differentiate toward neural fates and to secrete a broad range of factors able to promote nervous tissue maintenance and repair. Moreover, upon transplantation, MSCs were shown capable of homing toward lesioned areas, implying their potential use as vehicles for therapeutic agents administration. Indeed, various advantageous effects were reported following human MSCs transplantation into rodent models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as neurotrophic factor-mediated protection, enhanced neurogenesis, modulation of inflammation, and abnormal protein aggregate clearance. Per journal style, most nonstandard abbreviations must be used at least two times in the abstract to be retained; NTF was used once and thus has been deleted. Recent studies have also used ex vivo manipulation for enhanced expression of potentially favorable factors, by so exploiting the homing capacity of MSCs for effective expression at the lesion site. Here, we will summarize current advancements in MSCs-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. We will examine the roles of central mechanisms suggested to mediate the beneficial effects of MSCs-based therapy and consider the augmentation of these mechanisms for superior clinical outcomes in rodent models of neurodegeneration as well as in clinical trials. Stem Cells 2017;35:1867-1880.
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Yang H, Liu C, Jiang J, Wang Y, Zhang X. Celastrol Attenuates Multiple Sclerosis and Optic Neuritis in an Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:44. [PMID: 28239352 PMCID: PMC5301323 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of celastrol, a natural compound with multiple bioactivities, on multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis (ON) in rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE was induced in Sprague Dawley rats using myelin basic protein, and the animals received daily intraperitoneal injections of celastrol or vehicle for 13 days. The EAE rats showed abnormal neurobehavior and inflammatory infiltration and demyelination in the spinal cord. Significantly upregulated mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ and interleukin-17 and downregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-4 were found in the spinal cord of EAE rats. In the study of ON, severely inflammatory responses like in the spinal cord were also seen in the optic nerve, as well as obvious microgliosis. Furthermore, activation of nuclear factor kappa-B and upregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase was observed in the optic nerve. In addition, apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells and dysregulation of apoptotic-associated proteins in the optic nerve were found in EAE rats. Treatment of celastrol potently restored these changes. In most of the indexes, the effects of high dose of celastrol were better than the low dose. Our data conclude that administration of celastrol attenuates multiple sclerosis and ON in EAE via anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. These findings provide new pre-clinical evidence for the use of celastrol in treatment of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Harbin Fourth Hospital Harbin, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin, China
| | - Yuena Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin, China
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Amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through transplantation of placental derived mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41837. [PMID: 28186117 PMCID: PMC5301256 DOI: 10.1038/srep41837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) have been suggested as a possible source of cells to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) due to their immunomodulatory functions, lack of ethical concerns, and potential to differentiate into neurons and oligodendrocytes. To investigate whether PMSCs share similar characteristics with embryonic mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs), and if transplanted PMSCs have the ability to integrate and replace degenerated neural cells, we transplanted rat PMSCs and EMSCs into the central nervous system (CNS) of Lewis rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. Our findings demonstrated that transplanted PMSCs, similar to EMSCs, were effective in decreasing infiltrating inflammatory cells, preserving axons, and ameliorating demyelination, thereby improving the neurological functions of animals. Moreover, both PMSCs and EMSCs had the ability to migrate into inflamed tissues and express neural–glial lineage markers. These findings suggest that PMSCs may replace EMSCs as a source of cells in MS stem cell therapy.
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Stenger EO, Chinnadurai R, Yuan S, Garcia M, Arafat D, Gibson G, Krishnamurti L, Galipeau J. Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Patients with Sickle Cell Disease Display Intact Functionality. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 23:736-745. [PMID: 28132869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the only cure for sickle cell disease (SCD), but engraftment remains challenging in patients lacking matched donors. Infusion of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) at the time of HCT may promote hematopoiesis and ameliorate graft-versus-host disease. Experimental murine models suggest MSC major histocompatibility complex compatibility with recipient impacts their in vivo function, suggesting autologous MSCs could be superior to third-party MSCs for promoting HCT engraftment. Here we tested whether bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs from SCD subjects have comparable functionality compared with MSCs from healthy volunteers. SCD MSC doubling time and surface marker phenotype did not differ significantly from non-SCD. Third-party and autologous (SCD) T cell proliferation was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by all MSCs. SCD MSCs comparably expressed indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, which based on transwell and blocking experiments appeared to be the dominant immunomodulatory pathway. The expression of key genes involved in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-MSC interactions was minimally altered between SCD and non-SCD MSCs. Expression was, however, altered by IFN-γ stimulation, particularly CXCL14, CXCL26, CX3CL1, CKITL, and JAG1, indicating the potential to augment MSC expression by cytokine stimulation. These data demonstrate the feasibility of expanding BM-derived MSCs from SCD patients that phenotypically and functionally do not differ per International Society of Cell Therapy essential criteria from non-SCD MSCs, supporting initial evaluation (primarily for safety) of autologous MSCs to enhance haploidentical HSC engraftment in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth O Stenger
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shala Yuan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marco Garcia
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dalia Arafat
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Greg Gibson
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lakshmanan Krishnamurti
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Hossain MJ, Tanasescu R, Gran B. Innate immune regulation of autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis: Focus on the role of Toll-like receptor 2. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 304:11-20. [PMID: 28007303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity relies on a set of germline-encoded receptors including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that enable the host to discriminate between self and non-self. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Infections are thought to play an important role in disease susceptibility. The role of innate immunity in MS has been recently appreciated. TLR2, a member of the TLR family, forms heterodimers with either TLR1 or TLR6 and detects a wide range of microbial as well as self-derived molecular structures. It may thus be important both in fighting infection and in activating autoimmunity. In this review, we discuss innate regulation of autoimmunity in MS with a focus on the role of TLR2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jakir Hossain
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Radu Tanasescu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Colentina Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bruno Gran
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
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Quaranta P, Focosi D, Freer G, Pistello M. Tweaking Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cell Immunomodulatory Properties with Viral Vectors Delivering Cytokines. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1321-41. [PMID: 27476883 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) can be found in various body sites. Their main role is to differentiate into cartilage, bone, muscle, and fat cells to allow tissue maintenance and repair. During inflammation, MSCs exhibit important immunomodulatory properties that are not constitutive, but require activation, upon which they may exert immunosuppressive functions. MSCs are defined as "sensors of inflammation" since they modulate their ability of interfering with the immune system both in vitro and in vivo upon interaction with different factors. MSCs may influence immune responses through different mechanisms, such as direct cell-to-cell contact, release of soluble factors, and through the induction of anergy and apoptosis. Human MSCs are defined as plastic-adherent cells expressing specific surface molecules. Lack of MHC class II antigens makes them appealing as allogeneic tools for the therapy of both autoimmune diseases and cancer. MSC therapeutic potential could be highly enhanced by the expression of exogenous cytokines provided by transduction with viral vectors. In this review, we attempt to summarize the results of a great number of in vitro and in vivo studies aimed at improving the ability of MSCs as immunomodulators in the therapy of autoimmune, degenerative diseases and cancer. We will also compare results obtained with different vectors to deliver heterologous genes to these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Quaranta
- 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Virology Section and Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Focosi
- 2 North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital , Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Freer
- 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Virology Section and Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy .,3 Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital , Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pistello
- 1 Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Virology Section and Retrovirus Center, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy .,3 Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital , Pisa, Italy
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Nrf2–ARE pathway: An emerging target against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 157:84-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kim N, Cho SG. Overcoming immunoregulatory plasticity of mesenchymal stem cells for accelerated clinical applications. Int J Hematol 2015; 103:129-37. [PMID: 26662288 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-015-1918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells with the potential to differentiate into different tissue lineages. In addition to their differentiation potential, MSCs possess immunomodulatory properties that have created growing interest in both pre-clinical and clinical research. Over the years, MSCs have been applied rapidly in the clinic in a wide variety of immune-mediated disorders; however, MSC therapy has shown contradictory results, often with poor clinical outcomes. Recently, studies on MSC-based immune modulation have provided possible explanations for the conflicting clinical reports. It is now generally recognized that the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs are not constitutive but are induced by various mediators present in the inflammatory microenvironment. Different inflammatory stimuli are able to polarize MSCs to elicit distinct immunomodulatory phenotypes. Thus, the concepts of plasticity and polarization of MSC-based immune modulation may have important therapeutic implications in the clinic. In this review, we focus on the underlying mechanisms of MSC-mediated immune regulation that contribute to their therapeutic potential. Importantly, we discuss novel strategic approaches that enhance the therapeutic potential of MSCs through a consideration of MSC plasticity in immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoun Kim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, #505, Banpo-Dong, Seocho-Ku, Seoul, 137-040, Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease (CRCID), Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, #505, Banpo-Dong, Seocho-Ku, Seoul, 137-040, Korea. .,Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease (CRCID), Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Hematology, Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Kim N, Cho SG. New strategies for overcoming limitations of mesenchymal stem cell-based immune modulation. Int J Stem Cells 2015; 8:54-68. [PMID: 26019755 PMCID: PMC4445710 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2015.8.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have rapidly been applied in a broad field of immune-mediated disorders since the first successful clinical use of MSCs for treatment of graft-versus-host disease. Despite the lack of supporting data, expectations that MSCs could potentially treat most inflammatory conditions led to rushed application and development of commercialized products. Today, both pre-clinical and clinical studies present mixed results for MSC therapy and the discrepancy between expected and actual efficacy of MSCs in various diseases has evoked a sense of discouragement. Therefore, we believe that MSC therapy may now be at a critical milestone for re-evaluation and re-consideration. In this review, we summarize the current status of MSC-based clinical trials and focus on the discrepancy between expected and actual outcome of MSC therapy from bench to bedside. Importantly, we discuss the underlying limitations of MSCs and suggest a new guideline for MSC therapy in hopes of improving their therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoun Kim
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Institute for Translational Research and Molecular Imaging, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul, Korea ; Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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