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Izadpanah A, Mohammadkhani N, Masoudnia M, Ghasemzad M, Saeedian A, Mehdizadeh H, Poorebrahim M, Ebrahimi M. Update on immune-based therapy strategies targeting cancer stem cells. Cancer Med 2023; 12:18960-18980. [PMID: 37698048 PMCID: PMC10557910 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data reveals that tumors possess a specialized subset of cancer cells named cancer stem cells (CSCs), responsible for metastasis and recurrence of malignancies, with various properties such as self-renewal, heterogenicity, and capacity for drug resistance. Some signaling pathways or processes like Notch, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), Hedgehog (Hh), and Wnt, as well as CSCs' surface markers such as CD44, CD123, CD133, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) have pivotal roles in acquiring CSCs properties. Therefore, targeting CSC-related signaling pathways and surface markers might effectively eradicate tumors and pave the way for cancer survival. Since current treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy cannot eradicate all of the CSCs and tumor relapse may happen following temporary recovery, improving novel and more efficient therapeutic options to combine with current treatments is required. Immunotherapy strategies are the new therapeutic modalities with promising results in targeting CSCs. Here, we review the targeting of CSCs by immunotherapy strategies such as dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)-engineered immune cells, natural killer-cell (NK-cell) therapy, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), checkpoint inhibitors, and the use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) in pre-clinical and clinical studies. This review will mainly focus on blood malignancies but also describe solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Izadpanah
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Niloufar Mohammadkhani
- Department of Clinical BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mina Masoudnia
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mahsa Ghasemzad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology‐Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in BiologyUniversity of Science and CultureTehranIran
| | - Arefeh Saeedian
- Radiation Oncology Research CenterCancer Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Radiation OncologyCancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hamid Mehdizadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Mansour Poorebrahim
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, University of CalgaryAlbertaCalgaryCanada
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Department of regenerative medicineCell Science research Center, Royan Institute for stem cell biology and technology, ACECRTehranIran
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Eid RA, Alaa Edeen M, Shedid EM, Kamal ASS, Warda MM, Mamdouh F, Khedr SA, Soltan MA, Jeon HW, Zaki MSA, Kim B. Targeting Cancer Stem Cells as the Key Driver of Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021786. [PMID: 36675306 PMCID: PMC9861138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging concept of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as the key driver behind carcinogenesis, progression, and diversity has displaced the prior model of a tumor composed of cells with similar subsequently acquired mutations and an equivalent capacity for renewal, invasion, and metastasis. This significant change has shifted the research focus toward targeting CSCs to eradicate cancer. CSCs may be characterized using cell surface markers. They are defined by their capacity to self-renew and differentiate, resist conventional therapies, and generate new tumors following repeated transplantation in xenografted mice. CSCs' functional capabilities are governed by various intracellular and extracellular variables such as pluripotency-related transcription factors, internal signaling pathways, and external stimuli. Numerous natural compounds and synthetic chemicals have been investigated for their ability to disrupt these regulatory components and inhibit stemness and terminal differentiation in CSCs, hence achieving clinical implications. However, no cancer treatment focuses on the biological consequences of these drugs on CSCs, and their functions have been established. This article provides a biomedical discussion of cancer at the time along with an overview of CSCs and their origin, features, characterization, isolation techniques, signaling pathways, and novel targeted therapeutic approaches. Additionally, we highlighted the factors endorsed as controlling or helping to promote stemness in CSCs. Our objective was to encourage future studies on these prospective treatments to develop a framework for their application as single or combined therapeutics to eradicate various forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A. Eid
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Alaa Edeen
- Cell Biology, Histology & Genetics Division, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.A.E.); (B.K.)
| | - Eslam M. Shedid
- Biotechnology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Al Qalyubia Governorate, Banha 13511, Egypt
| | - Al Shaimaa S. Kamal
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Al Qalyubia Governorate, Banha 13511, Egypt
| | - Mona M. Warda
- Biotechnology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Al Qalyubia Governorate, Banha 13511, Egypt
| | - Farag Mamdouh
- Biotechnology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Al Qalyubia Governorate, Banha 13511, Egypt
| | - Sohila A. Khedr
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31733, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Soltan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Ismailia 41611, Egypt
| | - Hee Won Jeon
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed Samir A. Zaki
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 31527, Egypt
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.A.E.); (B.K.)
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3
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Castven D, Czauderna C, Becker D, Pereira S, Schmitt J, Weinmann A, Shah V, Hajduk J, Keggenhoff F, Binder H, Keck T, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Wörns MA, Thorgeirsson SS, Breuhahn K, Galle PR, Marquardt JU. Acquired Resistance to Antiangiogenic Therapies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Is Mediated by Yes-Associated Protein 1 Activation and Transient Expansion of Stem-Like Cancer Cells. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:1140-1156. [PMID: 34817932 PMCID: PMC9035566 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of neoangiogenesis is a hallmark feature during disease progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Antiangiogenetic compounds represent a mainstay of therapeutic approaches; however, development of chemoresistance is observed in the majority of patients. Recent findings suggest that tumor-initiating cells (TICs) may play a key role in acquisition of resistance, but the exact relevance for HCC in this process remains to be defined. Primary and established hepatoma cell lines were exposed to long-term sorafenib treatment to model acquisition of resistance. Treatment effects on TICs were estimated by sphere-forming capacity in vitro, tumorigenicity in vivo, and flow cytometry. Adaptive molecular changes were assessed by whole transcriptome analyses. Compensatory mechanisms of resistance were identified and directly evaluated. Sustained antiproliferative effect following sorafenib treatment was observed in three of six HCC cell lines and was followed by rapid regrowth, thereby mimicking responses observed in patients. Resistant cells showed induction in sphere forming in vitro and tumor-initiating capacity in vivo as well as increased number of side population and epithelial cell adhesion molecule-positive cells. Conversely, sensitive cell lines showed consistent reduction of TIC properties. Gene sets associated with resistance and poor prognosis, including Hippo/yes-associated protein (YAP), were identified. Western blot and immunohistochemistry confirmed increased levels of YAP. Combined treatment of sorafenib and specific YAP inhibitor consistently revealed synergistic antioncogenic effects in resistant cell lines. Conclusion: Resistance to antiangiogenic therapy might be driven by transient expansion of TICs and activation of compensatory pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, including YAP. Specific targeting of TICs might be an effective therapeutic strategy to overcome resistance in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Castven
- Department of Medicine ILichtenberg Research Group for Molecular HepatocarcinogenesisUniversity Medical Center Schleswig HolsteinLuebeckGermany.,Department of Medicine IUniversity Medical CenterMainzGermany
| | - Carolin Czauderna
- Department of Medicine ILichtenberg Research Group for Molecular HepatocarcinogenesisUniversity Medical Center Schleswig HolsteinLuebeckGermany.,Department of Medicine IUniversity Medical CenterMainzGermany
| | - Diana Becker
- Department of Medicine IUniversity Medical CenterMainzGermany
| | - Sharon Pereira
- Department of Medicine IUniversity Medical CenterMainzGermany
| | - Jennifer Schmitt
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Arndt Weinmann
- Department of Medicine IUniversity Medical CenterMainzGermany
| | - Viral Shah
- Department of HematologyMedical Oncology, and PneumologyUniversity Medical CenterMainzGermany
| | - Jovana Hajduk
- Department of Medicine ILichtenberg Research Group for Molecular HepatocarcinogenesisUniversity Medical Center Schleswig HolsteinLuebeckGermany.,Department of Medicine IUniversity Medical CenterMainzGermany
| | | | - Harald Binder
- Institute for Medical Biometry and StatisticsFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Tobias Keck
- Clinic for SurgeryUniversity Medical Center Schleswig HolsteinLuebeckGermany
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity of Bonn School of MedicineUniversity of BonnBonnGermany.,Department of GenomicsLife and Brain CenterUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Marcus A Wörns
- Department of Medicine IUniversity Medical CenterMainzGermany
| | - Snorri S Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory of Human CarcinogenesisCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Peter R Galle
- Department of Medicine IUniversity Medical CenterMainzGermany
| | - Jens U Marquardt
- Department of Medicine ILichtenberg Research Group for Molecular HepatocarcinogenesisUniversity Medical Center Schleswig HolsteinLuebeckGermany.,Department of Medicine IUniversity Medical CenterMainzGermany
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High aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 activity is related to radiation resistance due to activation of AKT signaling after insulin stimulation in prostate cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 590:117-124. [PMID: 34974299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer is still under investigation, and the relationship between hyperinsulinemia and prostate cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) is elusive. Here, we investigated the function of insulin/AKT signaling in prostate CSCs. We isolated prostate CSCs as aldehyde dehydrogenase 1-high (ALDH1high) cells from the human prostate cancer 22Rv1 cell line using an ALDEFLUOR assay and established several ALDH1high and ALDH1low clones. ALDH1high clones showed high ALDH1 expression which is a putative CSC marker; however, they showed heterogeneity regarding tumorigenicity and resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. Interestingly, all ALDH1high clones showed lower phosphorylated AKT (Ser473) (pAKT) levels than the ALDH1low clones. PI3K/AKT signaling is a key cell survival pathway and we analyzed radiation resistance under AKT signaling activation by insulin. Insulin increased pAKT levels in ALDH1high and ALDH1low cells; the fold increase rate of pAKT was higher in ALDH1high cells than in ALDH1low cells. Insulin induced resistance to radiation and chemotherapy in ALDH1high cells, and the increased levels of pAKT induced by insulin were significantly related to radiation resistance. These results suggest that ALDH1 suppresses baseline pAKT levels, but AKT can be activated by insulin, leading to treatment resistance.
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Darband SG, Sadighparvar S, Ghaderi Pakdel F, Naderi S, Majidinia M. Involvement of IGF/IGFBP/Erk axis in the exercise-mediated preventive effects on colorectal cancer in rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2021; 14:608-617. [PMID: 34093946 PMCID: PMC8167496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that downregulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and its downstream targets are the main mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer impact of exercise. Therefore, we examined the impact of exercise on chemically induced-aberrant crypt foci (ACF), the earliest step of colorectal carcinogenesis, in rats and involvement of the IGF-1/IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3/Erk axis. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were assigned into two groups (n=12): the control and exercise group. After eight weeks of training intervention, 6 rats were randomly selected from each group and received four injections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH; 40 mg/kg), for two weeks. 0.2% methylene blue staining was used to evaluate the number of ACF in the colon. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 protein levels in the serum were measured using commercially available ELISA kits for rat. The expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Erk1/2 and p-Erk1/2 were evaluated in colon tissue. Histological assessments were also performed in all groups. We found that the total number of ACF was significantly lowered after eight-week exercise (P<0.05). Moreover, the exercise program downregulated the IGF-1, PCNA, and p-Erk1/2 expressions and upregulated IGFBP-3 expression. Exercise was also found to increase the goblet cell number and improved colon architecture. Our finding demonstrated reduced ACF number in rat colons following exercise training, and this function may be associated with the inhibition of IGF-1/IGFBP-3/Erk1/2 signaling. Therefore, exercise appears to result in a lower number of ACF for preventing colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Ghazizadeh Darband
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical SciencesUrmia, Iran
- Danesh Pey Hadi Co., Health Technology Development Center, Urmia University of Medical SciencesUrmia, Iran
| | - Shirin Sadighparvar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical SciencesUrmia, Iran
| | | | - Somayeh Naderi
- Danesh Pey Hadi Co., Health Technology Development Center, Urmia University of Medical SciencesUrmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical SciencesUrmia, Iran
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Chen PC, Kuo YC, Chuong CM, Huang YH. Niche Modulation of IGF-1R Signaling: Its Role in Stem Cell Pluripotency, Cancer Reprogramming, and Therapeutic Applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:625943. [PMID: 33511137 PMCID: PMC7835526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.625943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells work with their niches harmoniously during development. This concept has been extended to cancer pathology for cancer stem cells (CSCs) or cancer reprogramming. IGF-1R, a classical survival signaling, has been shown to regulate stem cell pluripotency, CSCs, or cancer reprogramming. The mechanism underlying such cell fate determination is unclear. We propose the determination is due to different niches in embryo development and tumor malignancy which modulate the consequences of IGF-1R signaling. Here we highlight the modulations of these niche parameters (hypoxia, inflammation, extracellular matrix), and the targeted stem cells (embryonic stem cells, germline stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells) and CSCs, with relevance to cancer reprogramming. We organize known interaction between IGF-1R signaling and distinct niches in the double-sided cell fate with emerging trends highlighted. Based on these new insights, we propose that, through targeting IGF-1R signaling modulation, stem cell therapy and cancer stemness treatment can be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chin Chen
- Department of Education, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Che Kuo
- TMU Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Ramakrishnan V, Xu B, Akers J, Nguyen T, Ma J, Dhawan S, Ning J, Mao Y, Hua W, Kokkoli E, Furnari F, Carter BS, Chen CC. Radiation-induced extracellular vesicle (EV) release of miR-603 promotes IGF1-mediated stem cell state in glioblastomas. EBioMedicine 2020; 55:102736. [PMID: 32361246 PMCID: PMC7195524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrence after radiation therapy is nearly universal for glioblastomas, the most common form of adult brain cancer. The study aims to define clinically pertinent mechanisms underlying this recurrence. Methods microRNA (miRNA) profiling was performed using matched pre- and post-radiation treatment glioblastoma specimens from the same patients. All specimens harbored unmethylated O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoters (umMGMT) and wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase (wtIDH). The most altered miRNA, miR-603, was characterized. Findings While nearly all miRNAs remained unchanged after treatment, decreased levels of few, select miRNAs in the post-treatment specimens were observed, the most notable of which involved miR-603. Unbiased profiling of miR-603 targets revealed insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and IGF1 receptor (IGF1R). Ionizing radiation (IR) induced cellular export of miR-603 through extracellular vesicle (EV) release, thereby de-repressing IGF1 and IGF1R. This de-repression, in turn, promoted cancer stem-cell (CSC) state and acquired radiation resistance in glioblastomas. Export of miR-603 additionally de-repressed MGMT, a DNA repair protein responsible for detoxifying DNA alkylating agents, to promote cross-resistance to these agents. Ectopic miR-603 expression overwhelmed cellular capacity for miR-603 export and synergized with the tumoricidal effects of IR and DNA alkylating agents. Interpretation Profiling of matched pre- and post-treatment glioblastoma specimens revealed altered homeostasis of select miRNAs in response to radiation. Radiation-induced EV export of miR-603 simultaneously promoted the CSC state and up-regulated DNA repair to promote acquired resistance. These effects were abolished by exogenous miR-603 expression, suggesting potential for clinical translation. Funding NIH 1R01NS097649-01, 9R44GM128223-02, 1R01CA240953-01, the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Clinical Scientist Development Award, The Sontag Foundation Distinguished Scientist Award, the Kimmel Scholar Award, and BWF 1006774.01 (C.C.C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valya Ramakrishnan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Beibei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Thien Nguyen
- School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sanjay Dhawan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jianfang Ning
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Efrosini Kokkoli
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Frank Furnari
- Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bob S Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Clark C Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Colorectal Cancer: Could miRNA Dysregulation Play A Role? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122922. [PMID: 31207998 PMCID: PMC6628223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation. Insulin resistance is a risk factor for cancer. A recent chapter in epigenetics is represented by microRNAs (miRNAs), which post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Dysregulated miRNA profiles have been associated with diseases including obesity and cancer. Herein we report dysregulated miRNAs in obesity both in animal models and in humans, and we also document dysregulated miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC), as example of an obesity-related cancer. Some of the described miRNAs are found to be similarly dysregulated both in obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and CRC. Thus, we present miRNAs as a potential molecular link between obesity and CRC onset and development, giving a new perspective on the role of miRNAs in obesity-associated cancers.
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9
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Chang WCL, Jackson C, Riel S, Cooper HS, Devarajan K, Hensley HH, Zhou Y, Vanderveer LA, Nguyen MT, Clapper ML. Differential preventive activity of sulindac and atorvastatin in Apc +/Min-FCCCmice with or without colorectal adenomas. Gut 2018; 67:1290-1298. [PMID: 29122850 PMCID: PMC6031273 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-313942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The response of subjects to preventive intervention is heterogeneous. The goal of this study was to determine if the efficacy of a chemopreventive agent differs in non-tumour-bearing animals versus those with colorectal tumours. Sulindac and/or atorvastatin was administered to Apc+/Min-FCCC mice with known tumour-bearing status at treatment initiation. DESIGN Male mice (6-8 weeks old) underwent colonoscopy and received control chow or chow with sulindac (300 ppm), atorvastatin (100 ppm) or sulindac/atorvastatin. Tissues were collected from mice treated for 14 weeks (histopathology) or 7 days (gene expression). Cell cycle analyses were performed on SW480 colon carcinoma cells treated with sulindac, atorvastatin or both. RESULTS The multiplicity of colorectal adenomas in untreated mice bearing tumours at baseline was 3.6-fold higher than that of mice that were tumour free at baseline (P=0.002). Atorvastatin completely inhibited the formation of microadenomas in mice that were tumour free at baseline (P=0.018) and altered the expression of genes associated with stem/progenitor cells. Treatment of tumour-bearing mice with sulindac/atorvastatin led to a 43% reduction in the multiplicity of colorectal adenomas versus untreated tumour-bearing mice (P=0.049). Sulindac/atorvastatin increased the expression of Hoxb13 and Rprm significantly, suggesting the importance of cell cycle regulation in tumour inhibition. Treatment of SW480 cells with sulindac/atorvastatin led to cell cycle arrest (G0/G1). CONCLUSIONS The tumour status of animals at treatment initiation dictates response to therapeutic intervention. Atorvastatin eliminated microadenomas in tumour-free mice. The tumour inhibition observed with Sul/Atorva in tumour-bearing mice was greater than that achieved with each agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi L Chang
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christina Jackson
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stacy Riel
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Harry S Cooper
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA,Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karthik Devarajan
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Harvey H Hensley
- Biological Imaging Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa A Vanderveer
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Minhhuyen T Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Margie L Clapper
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Emerging functional markers for cancer stem cell-based therapies: Understanding signaling networks for targeting metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:90-109. [PMID: 29966677 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is one of the most challenging issues in cancer patient management, and effective therapies to specifically target disease progression are missing, emphasizing the urgent need for developing novel anti-metastatic therapeutics. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) gained fast attention as a minor population of highly malignant cells within liquid and solid tumors that are responsible for tumor onset, self-renewal, resistance to radio- and chemotherapies, and evasion of immune surveillance accelerating recurrence and metastasis. Recent progress in the identification of their phenotypic and molecular characteristics and interactions with the tumor microenvironment provides great potential for the development of CSC-based targeted therapies and radical improvement in metastasis prevention and cancer patient prognosis. Here, we report on newly uncovered signaling mechanisms controlling CSC's aggressiveness and treatment resistance, and CSC-specific agents and molecular therapeutics, some of which are currently under investigation in clinical trials, gearing towards decisive functional CSC intrinsic or surface markers. One special research focus rests upon subverted regulatory pathways such as insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor signaling and its interactors in metastasis-initiating cell populations directly related to the gain of stem cell- and EMT-associated properties, as well as key components of the E2F transcription factor network regulating metastatic progression, microenvironmental changes, and chemoresistance. In addition, the study provides insight into systems biology tools to establish complex molecular relationships behind the emergence of aggressive phenotypes from high-throughput data that rely on network-based analysis and their use to investigate immune escape mechanisms or predict clinical outcome-relevant CSC receptor signaling signatures. We further propose that customized vector technologies could drastically enhance systemic drug delivery to target sites, and summarize recent progress and remaining challenges. This review integrates available knowledge on CSC biology, computational modeling approaches, molecular targeting strategies, and delivery techniques to envision future clinical therapies designed to conquer metastasis-initiating cells.
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11
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Yan C, Hu Y, Zhang B, Mu L, Huang K, Zhao H, Ma C, Li X, Tao D, Gong J, Qin J. The CEA-/lo colorectal cancer cell population harbors cancer stem cells and metastatic cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80700-80715. [PMID: 27813496 PMCID: PMC5348349 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is the most commonly used tumor marker in a variety of cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC) for tumor diagnosis and monitoring. Recent studies have shown that colonic crypt cells expressing little or no CEA may enrich for stem cells. Numerous studies have clearly shown that there exist CRC patients with normal serum CEA levels during tumor progression or even tumor relapse, although CEA itself is considered to promote metastasis and block cell differentiation. These seemingly contradictory observations prompted us to investigate, herein, the biological properties as well as tumorigenic and metastatic capacity of CRC cells that express high (CEA+) versus low CEA (CEA−/lo) levels of CEA. Our findings show that the abundance of CEA−/lo cells correlate with poor differentiation and poor prognosis, and moreover, CEA−/lo cells form more spheres in vitro, generate more tumors and exhibit a higher potential in developing liver and lung metastases than corresponding CEA+ cells. Applying RNAi-mediated approach, we found that IGF1R mediated tumorigenic and capacity of CEA−/lo cells but did not mediate those of CEA+ cells. Notably, our data demonstrated that CEA molecule was capable of protecting CEA−/lo cells from anoikis, implying that CEA+ cells, although themselves possessing less tumorigenic and metastatic capacity, may promote metastasis of CEA−/lo cells via secreting CEA molecule. Our observations suggest that, besides targeting CEA molecule, CEA−/lo cells may represent a critical source of tumor progression and metastasis, and should therefore be the target of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yan
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibing Hu
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Mu
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyu Huang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chensen Ma
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Deding Tao
- Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jichao Qin
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Molecular Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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12
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PDE5 inhibition eliminates cancer stem cells via induction of PKA signaling. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:192. [PMID: 29416006 PMCID: PMC5833477 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in metastasis and resistance development, thus affecting anticancer therapy efficacy. The underlying pathways required for CSC maintenance and survival are not fully understood and only a limited number of treatment strategies to specifically target CSCs have been identified. To identify novel CSC targeting compounds, we here set-up an aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-based phenotypic screening system that allows for an automated and standardized identification of CSCs. By staining cancer cells for ALDH activity and applying high-content-based single-cell population analysis, the proportion of a potential CSC subpopulation with significantly higher ALDH activity (ALDHhigh) can be quantified in a heterogeneous cell population. We confirmed high ALDH activity as surrogate marker for the CSC subpopulation in vitro and validated Wnt signaling as an essential factor for the maintenance of CSCs in SUM149 breast cancer cells. In a small molecule screen, we identified phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibition as potential strategy to target CSC maintenance and survival in multiple cancer cell lines. CSC elimination by PDE5 inhibition was not dependent on PKG signaling, and we suggest a novel mechanism in which PDE5 inhibition leads to elevated cGMP levels that stimulate cAMP/PKA signaling to eliminate CSCs.
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13
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Pützer BM, Solanki M, Herchenröder O. Advances in cancer stem cell targeting: How to strike the evil at its root. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 120:89-107. [PMID: 28736304 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progression to metastatic stages is still unmanageable and the promise of effective anti-metastatic therapy remains largely unmet, emphasizing the need to develop novel therapeutics. The special focus here is on cancer stem cells (CSC) as the seed of tumor initiation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, chemoresistance and, as a consequence, drivers of metastatic dissemination. We report on targeted therapies gearing towards the CSC's internal and membrane-anchored markers using agents such as antibody derivatives, nucleic therapeutics, small molecules and genetic payloads. Another emphasis lies on novel proceedings envisaged to deliver current and prospective therapies to the target sites using newest viral and non-viral vector technologies. In this review, we summarize recent progress and remaining challenges in therapeutic strategies to combat CSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte M Pützer
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Biomedical Research Center (BMFZ), Rostock University Medical School, Germany.
| | - Manish Solanki
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Biomedical Research Center (BMFZ), Rostock University Medical School, Germany
| | - Ottmar Herchenröder
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Biomedical Research Center (BMFZ), Rostock University Medical School, Germany
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14
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Liu P, Zhang R, Yu W, Ye Y, Cheng Y, Han L, Dong L, Chen Y, Wei X, Yu J. FGF1 and IGF1-conditioned 3D culture system promoted the amplification and cancer stemness of lung cancer cells. Biomaterials 2017; 149:63-76. [PMID: 29017078 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are considered as the cellular origins of metastasis and relapse of lung cancer. However, routine two-dimensional culture system (2D-culture) hardly mimics the growth and functions of LCSCs in vivo and therefore significantly decreases the stemness activity of LCSCs. In this study, we constructed a special BME-based three-dimensional culture system (3D-culture) to amplify LCSCs in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 cells and found 3D-culture promoted the enrichment and amplification of LCSCs in A549 cells displaying higher proliferation potential and invasion activity, but lower apoptosis. The expression and secretion levels of FGF1 and IGF1 were dramatically elevated in 3D-culture compared to 2D-culture. After growing in FGF1 and IGF1-conditioned 3D-culture, the proportion of LCSCs with specific stemness phenotypes in A549 cells significantly increased compared to that in conventional 3D suspension culture system. Further results indicated that FGF1 and IGF1 promoted the amplification and cancer stemness of LCSCs dependent on MAPK signaling pathway. Our data firstly established a growth factors-conditioned 3D-culture for LCSCs and demonstrated the effects of FGF1 and IGF1 in promoting the enrichment and amplification of LCSCs which might provide a feasible cell model in vitro for both mechanism study and translational research on lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Liu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yingnan Ye
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yanan Cheng
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lei Han
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Li Dong
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yongzi Chen
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiyin Wei
- Public Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China; Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin 300060, China.
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15
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Abstract
Advances in cancer research in the past have led to an evolving understanding of cancer pathogenesis and the development of novel drugs that significantly improve patient outcomes. However, many patients still encounter treatment resistance, recurrence, or metastasis and eventually die from progressing disease. Experimental evidence indicates that a subpopulation of cancer cells, called cancer stem cells (CSCs), possess "stemness" properties similar to normal stem cells, including self-renewal, differentiation, and proliferative potential. These stemness properties are lost during differentiation and are governed by pathways such as STAT3, NANOG, NOTCH, WNT, and HEDGEHOG, which are highly dysregulated in CSCs due to genetic and epigenetic changes. Promising results have been observed in preclinical models targeting these CSCs through the disruption of stemness pathways in combination with current treatment modalities. This has led to anti-CSC-based clinical trials in multiple stages of development. In this review, we discuss the role of CSCs and stemness pathways in cancer treatment and how they relate to clinical observations. Because CSCs and the stemness pathways governing them may explain the negative clinical outcomes observed during treatment, it is important for oncologists to understand how they contribute to cancer progression and how they may be targeted to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., NC10, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Huiping Liu
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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16
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Saetang J, Sangkhathat S. Diets link metabolic syndrome and colorectal cancer development (Review). Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1312-1320. [PMID: 28098913 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets have been believed to be an important factor in the development of metabolic syndrome and colorectal cancer (CRC). In recent years, many studies have shown an intimate relationship between mucosal immunity, metabolism and diets, which has led to a greater understanding of the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome and CRC development. Although the precise effects of diets on oncogenesis have not been compl-etely elucidated, microbiota changes and inflammation are believed to be important factors that influence the development of CRC. Moreover, increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and alteration of adipokine levels have been observed in patients with colorectal adenoma and/or CRC, and these all have been considered as the important mechanisms that link diets to the development of metabolic syndrome and CRC. Importantly, a high-fat, low-fiber diet is associated with dysbiosis, and as the gut signature becomes more important in metabolic syndrome and CRC, an increased understanding of diets on bacterial activity in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and CRC will lead to new preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirakrit Saetang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Surasak Sangkhathat
- Tumor Biology Research Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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17
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Le Coz V, Zhu C, Devocelle A, Vazquez A, Boucheix C, Azzi S, Gallerne C, Eid P, Lecourt S, Giron-Michel J. IGF-1 contributes to the expansion of melanoma-initiating cells through an epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Oncotarget 2016; 7:82511-82527. [PMID: 27764776 PMCID: PMC5347710 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a particularly virulent human cancer, due to its resistance to conventional treatments and high frequency of metastasis. Melanomas contain a fraction of cells, the melanoma-initiating cells (MICs), responsible for tumor propagation and relapse. Identification of the molecular pathways supporting MICs is, therefore, vital for the development of targeted treatments. One factor produced by melanoma cells and their microenvironment, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF- 1), is linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness features in several cancers.We evaluated the effect of IGF-1 on the phenotype and chemoresistance of B16-F10 cells. IGF-1 inhibition in these cells prevented malignant cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and lung colony formation in immunodeficient mice. IGF-1 downregulation also markedly inhibited EMT, with low levels of ZEB1 and mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, CD44, CD29, CD105) associated with high levels of E-cadherin and MITF, the major regulator of melanocyte differentiation. IGF-1 inhibition greatly reduced stemness features, including the expression of key stem markers (SOX2, Oct-3/4, CD24 and CD133), and the functional characteristics of MICs (melanosphere formation, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, side population). These features were associated with a high degree of sensitivity to mitoxantrone treatment.In this study, we deciphered new connections between IGF-1 and stemness features and identified IGF-1 as instrumental for maintaining the MIC phenotype. The IGF1/IGF1-R nexus could be targeted for the development of more efficient anti-melanoma treatments. Blocking the IGF-1 pathway would improve the immune response, decrease the metastatic potential of tumor cells and sensitize melanoma cells to conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Le Coz
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Chaobin Zhu
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Aurore Devocelle
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Aimé Vazquez
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Claude Boucheix
- INSERM UMRS 1193, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Sandy Azzi
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Cindy Gallerne
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Pierre Eid
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Séverine Lecourt
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
| | - Julien Giron-Michel
- INSERM UMRS 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190, France
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18
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miR-143 inhibits bladder cancer cell proliferation and enhances their sensitivity to gemcitabine by repressing IGF-1R signaling. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:435-440. [PMID: 28123579 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs that regulate gene expression. It has been demonstrated that aberrant miRNA expression is associated with cancer development and carcinogenesis. Altered miRNA expression has been suggested to occur in bladder cancer. In other cancer systems, studies have indicated that miR-143, as a tumor suppressor gene, plays essential roles in cancer progression. However, its role in bladder cancer has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, we observed that miR-143 expression was downregulated in human bladder cancer tissues and cells, and that its levels were negatively correlated with bladder cancer clinical stages. We further demonstrated that insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is a functional target of miR-143. Their expression levels were inversely correlated in bladder cancer samples. Overexpression of miR-143 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted chemosensitivity of bladder cancer 5637 cells to gemcitabine. Consistently, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of IGF-1R phenocopied miR-143 overexpression. Notably, the expression of IGF-1R is a predictor of patient prognosis. Collectively, our findings indicate that miR-143 is a valuable biomarker for bladder cancer. The miR-143/IGF-1R axis is associated with bladder cancer drug resistance and patient survival.
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19
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An active IGF-1R-AKT signaling imparts functional heterogeneity in ovarian CSC population. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36612. [PMID: 27819360 PMCID: PMC5098199 DOI: 10.1038/srep36612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated IGF-1R-AKT signaling influences multiple nodes of cancer cell physiology and assists in migration, metastasis and acquirement of radio/chemoresistance. Enrichment of cancer stem cells (CSC) positively correlates with radio/chemoresistance development in various malignancies. It is unclear though, how IGF-1R-AKT signalling shapes CSC functionality especially in ovarian cancer. Previously we showed that upregulated IGF-1R expression is essential to initiate platinum-taxol resistance at early stage which declines with elevated levels of activated AKT at late resistant stage in ovarian cancer cells. Here, we investigated the effect of this oscillatory IGF-1R-AKT signalling upon CSC functionality during generation of chemoresistance. While gradual increase in CSC properties from early (ER) to late (LR) resistant stages was observed in three different (cisplatin/paclitaxel/cisplatin-paclitaxel) cellular models created in two ovarian cancer cell lines, the stemness gene expressions (oct4/sox2/nanog) reached a plateau at early resistant stages. Inhibition of IGF-1R only at ER and AKT inhibition only at LR stages significantly abrogated the CSC phenotype. Interestingly, real time bioluminescence imaging showed CSCs of ER stages possessed faster tumorigenic potential than CSCs belonging to LR stages. Together, our data suggest that IGF-1R-AKT signalling imparts functional heterogeneity in CSCs during acquirement of chemoresistance in ovarian carcinoma.
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20
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Sharon C, Baranwal S, Patel NJ, Rodriguez-Agudo D, Pandak WM, Majumdar APN, Krystal G, Patel BB. Inhibition of insulin-like growth factor receptor/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin axis targets colorectal cancer stem cells by attenuating mevalonate-isoprenoid pathway in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15332-47. [PMID: 25895029 PMCID: PMC4558155 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We observed a co-upregulation of the insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) [InAT] axis and the mevalonate-isoprenoid biosynthesis (MIB) pathways in colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) in an unbiased approach. Hence, we hypothesized that the InAT axis might regulate the MIB pathway to govern colorectal CSCs growth. Stimulation (IGF-1) or inhibition (IGF-1R depletion and pharmacological inhibition of IGF-1R/mTOR) of the InAT axis produced induction or attenuation of CSC growth as well as expression of CSC markers and self-renewal factors respectively. Intriguingly, activation of the InAT axis (IGF-1) caused significant upregulation of the MIB pathway genes (both mRNA and protein); while its inhibition produced the opposite effects in colonospheres. More importantly, supplementation with dimethylallyl- and farnesyl-PP, MIB metabolites downstream of isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase (IDI), but not mevalonate and isopentenyl-pp that are upstream of IDI, resulted in a near-complete reversal of the suppressive effect of the InAT axis inhibitors on CSCs growth. The latter findings suggest a specific regulation of the MIB pathway by the InAT axis distal to the target of statins that inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR). Effects of IGF-1R inhibition on colonic CSCs proliferation and the MIB pathway were confirmed in an ‘in vivo’ HCT-116 xenograft model. These observations establish a novel mechanistic link between the InAT axis that is commonly deregulated in colorectal cancer and the MIB pathway in regulation of colonic CSCs growth. Hence, the InAT-MIB corridor is a novel target for developing paradigm shifting optimum anti-CSCs therapies for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Sharon
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Somesh Baranwal
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Daniel Rodriguez-Agudo
- Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - William M Pandak
- Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Geoffrey Krystal
- Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Bhaumik B Patel
- Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA.,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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21
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The Activation of ERK1/2 and JNK MAPK Signaling by Insulin/IGF-1 Is Responsible for the Development of Colon Cancer with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149822. [PMID: 26901856 PMCID: PMC4763097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked to increased risk of developing colon cancer. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are increased in patients with T2DM. The increased insulin and IGF-1 may be responsible for the developing of colon cancer. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of insulin and IGF-1 in colon cancer development in vitro and in vivo. Insulin and IGF-1 alone or together elevated proliferation and reduced apoptosis in colon cancer MC38 cells. Meanwhile, insulin and IGF-1 promoted the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Treatment with ERK1/2 or JNK inhibitor in the presence of insulin and IGF-1 significantly decreased B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and increased Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) expression and finally increased apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation. Accelerative colon tumor growth was found in a mouse model of T2DM with db/db mice which got high level of endogenous insulin and IGF-1. Furthermore, the inhibition of ERK1/2 or JNK suppressed the development of colon tumor in vivo. These results suggest that the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK signaling by insulin and IGF-1, at least in part, is responsible for the development of colon cancer with T2DM.
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22
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López-Lázaro M. Understanding why aspirin prevents cancer and why consuming very hot beverages and foods increases esophageal cancer risk. Controlling the division rates of stem cells is an important strategy to prevent cancer. Oncoscience 2015; 2:849-56. [PMID: 26682276 PMCID: PMC4671951 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is, in essence, a stem cell disease. The main biological cause of cancer is that stem cells acquire DNA alterations during cell division. The more stem cell divisions a tissue accumulates over a lifetime, the higher is the risk of cancer in that tissue. This explains why cancer is diagnosed millions of times more often in some tissues than in others, and why cancer incidence increases so dramatically with age. It may also explain why taking a daily low-dose aspirin for several years reduces the risk of developing and dying from cancer. Since aspirin use reduces PGE2 levels and PGE2 fuels stem cell proliferation, aspirin may prevent cancer by restricting the division rates of stem cells. The stem cell division model of cancer may also explain why regular consumption of very hot foods and beverages increases the risk of developing esophageal cancer. Given that tissue injury activates stem cell division for repair, the thermal injury associated with this dietary habit will increase esophageal cancer risk by inducing the accumulation of stem cell divisions in the esophagus. Using these two examples, here I propose that controlling the division rates of stem cells is an essential approach to preventing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López-Lázaro
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain
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23
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Persano L, Zagoura D, Louisse J, Pistollato F. Role of Environmental Chemicals, Processed Food Derivatives, and Nutrients in the Induction of Carcinogenesis. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2337-52. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Persano
- Istituto di Riceca Pediatrica Città della Speranza—IRP, Padova, Italy
- Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Dimitra Zagoura
- Laboratory of Biology, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Francesca Pistollato
- Center for Nutrition & Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico (UEA), Santander, Spain
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24
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Raman S, Grimberg A, Waguespack SG, Miller BS, Sklar CA, Meacham LR, Patterson BC. Risk of Neoplasia in Pediatric Patients Receiving Growth Hormone Therapy--A Report From the Pediatric Endocrine Society Drug and Therapeutics Committee. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:2192-203. [PMID: 25839904 PMCID: PMC5393518 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT GH and IGF-1 have been shown to affect tumor growth in vitro and in some animal models. This report summarizes the available evidence on whether GH therapy in childhood is associated with an increased risk of neoplasia during treatment or after treatment is completed. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A PubMed search conducted through February 2014 retrieved original articles written in English addressing GH therapy and neoplasia risk. Subsequent searches were done to include additional relevant publications. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS In children without prior cancer or known risk factors for developing cancer, the clinical evidence does not affirm an association between GH therapy during childhood and neoplasia. GH therapy has not been reported to increase the risk for neoplasia in this population, although most of these data are derived from postmarketing surveillance studies lacking rigorous controls. In patients who are at higher risk for developing cancer, current evidence is insufficient to conclude whether or not GH further increases cancer risk. GH treatment of pediatric cancer survivors does not appear to increase the risk of recurrence but may increase their risk for subsequent primary neoplasms. CONCLUSIONS In children without known risk factors for malignancy, GH therapy can be safely administered without concerns about an increased risk for neoplasia. GH use in children with medical diagnoses predisposing them to the development of malignancies should be critically analyzed on an individual basis, and if chosen, appropriate surveillance for malignancies should be undertaken. GH can be used to treat GH-deficient childhood cancer survivors who are in remission with the understanding that GH therapy may increase their risk for second neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sripriya Raman
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.R.), Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri 64111; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.R.), Kansas City, Kansas 66160; Department of Pediatrics (A.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders (S.G.W.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Division of Endocrinology (B.S.M.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (C.A.S.), New York, New York 10065; and Emory University/Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (L.R.M., B.C.P.), Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Adda Grimberg
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.R.), Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri 64111; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.R.), Kansas City, Kansas 66160; Department of Pediatrics (A.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders (S.G.W.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Division of Endocrinology (B.S.M.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (C.A.S.), New York, New York 10065; and Emory University/Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (L.R.M., B.C.P.), Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Steven G Waguespack
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.R.), Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri 64111; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.R.), Kansas City, Kansas 66160; Department of Pediatrics (A.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders (S.G.W.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Division of Endocrinology (B.S.M.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (C.A.S.), New York, New York 10065; and Emory University/Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (L.R.M., B.C.P.), Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Bradley S Miller
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.R.), Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri 64111; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.R.), Kansas City, Kansas 66160; Department of Pediatrics (A.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders (S.G.W.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Division of Endocrinology (B.S.M.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (C.A.S.), New York, New York 10065; and Emory University/Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (L.R.M., B.C.P.), Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Charles A Sklar
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.R.), Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri 64111; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.R.), Kansas City, Kansas 66160; Department of Pediatrics (A.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders (S.G.W.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Division of Endocrinology (B.S.M.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (C.A.S.), New York, New York 10065; and Emory University/Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (L.R.M., B.C.P.), Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Lillian R Meacham
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.R.), Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri 64111; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.R.), Kansas City, Kansas 66160; Department of Pediatrics (A.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders (S.G.W.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Division of Endocrinology (B.S.M.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (C.A.S.), New York, New York 10065; and Emory University/Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (L.R.M., B.C.P.), Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Briana C Patterson
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology (S.R.), Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri 64111; University of Kansas Medical Center (S.R.), Kansas City, Kansas 66160; Department of Pediatrics (A.G.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (A.G.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders (S.G.W.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; Division of Endocrinology (B.S.M.), Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (C.A.S.), New York, New York 10065; and Emory University/Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (L.R.M., B.C.P.), Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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25
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Chen J. Signaling pathways in HPV-associated cancers and therapeutic implications. Rev Med Virol 2015; 25 Suppl 1:24-53. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhong Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
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26
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Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that display self-renewal and tumor initiation capacity and the ability to give rise to the heterogenous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the tumor. CSCs exhibit intrinsic mechanisms of resistance to modern cancer therapeutics, allowing them to survive current cancer therapies and to initiate tumor recurrence and metastasis. Various cell surface and transmembrane proteins expressed by CSCs, including CD44, CD47, CD123, EpCAM (CD326), CD133, IGF receptor I, and proteins of the Notch and Wnt signaling pathways have been identified. Recently, monoclonal antibodies and antibody constructs raised against these CSC proteins have shown efficacy against CSCs in human cancer xenograft mice, and some of them have demonstrated antitumor activity in clinical studies. Since current cancer therapies fail to eliminate CSCs, leading to cancer recurrence and progression, selective targeting of CSCs with monoclonal antibodies and antibody constructs may represent a novel therapeutic strategy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cord Naujokat
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Garza-Treviño EN, Said-Fernández SL, Martínez-Rodríguez HG. Understanding the colon cancer stem cells and perspectives on treatment. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:2. [PMID: 25685060 PMCID: PMC4328053 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An area of research that has been recently gaining attention is the relationship between cancer stem cell (CSC) biology and chemo-resistance in colon cancer patients. It is well recognized that tumor initiation, growth, invasion and metastasis are promoted by CSCs. An important reason for the widespread interest in the CSC model is that it can comprehensibly explain essential and poorly understood clinical events, such as therapy resistance, minimal residual disease, and tumor recurrence. This review discusses the recent advances in colon cancer stem cell research, the genes responsible for CSC chemoresistance, and new therapies against CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa N Garza-Treviño
- Laboratorio de Terapia Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, León, Mexico
| | - Salvador L Said-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Terapia Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, León, Mexico
| | - Herminia G Martínez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Terapia Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, León, Mexico
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28
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Kwiatkowska-Borowczyk EP, Gąbka-Buszek A, Jankowski J, Mackiewicz A. Immunotargeting of cancer stem cells. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2015; 19:A52-9. [PMID: 25691822 PMCID: PMC4322523 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2014.47129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a distinctive population of tumour cells that control tumour initiation, progression, and maintenance. Their influence is great enough to risk the statement that successful therapeutic strategy must target CSCs in order to eradicate the disease. Because cancer stem cells are highly resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy, new tools to fight against cancer have to be developed. Expression of antigens such as ALDH, CD44, EpCAM, or CD133, which distinguish CSCs from normal cells, together with CSC immunogenicity and relatively low toxicity of immunotherapies, makes immune targeting of CSCs a promising approach for cancer treatment. This review will present immunotherapeutic approaches using dendritic cells, T cells, pluripotent stem cells, and monoclonal antibodies to target and eliminate CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza P. Kwiatkowska-Borowczyk
- Department of Cancer Immunology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Diagnostic and Immunology Department, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Jakub Jankowski
- Department of Cancer Immunology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Diagnostic and Immunology Department, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
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29
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Sahlberg SH, Spiegelberg D, Glimelius B, Stenerlöw B, Nestor M. Evaluation of cancer stem cell markers CD133, CD44, CD24: association with AKT isoforms and radiation resistance in colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94621. [PMID: 24760019 PMCID: PMC3997403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell surface proteins CD133, CD24 and CD44 are putative markers for cancer stem cell populations in colon cancer, associated with aggressive cancer types and poor prognosis. It is important to understand how these markers may predict treatment outcomes, determined by factors such as radioresistance. The scope of this study was to assess the connection between EGFR, CD133, CD24, and CD44 (including isoforms) expression levels and radiation sensitivity, and furthermore analyze the influence of AKT isoforms on the expression patterns of these markers, to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms in the cell. Three colon cancer cell-lines were used, HT-29, DLD-1, and HCT116, together with DLD-1 isogenic AKT knock-out cell-lines. All three cell-lines (HT-29, HCT116 and DLD-1) expressed varying amounts of CD133, CD24 and CD44 and the top ten percent of CD133 and CD44 expressing cells (CD133high/CD44high) were more resistant to gamma radiation than the ten percent with lowest expression (CD133low/CD44low). The AKT expression was lower in the fraction of cells with low CD133/CD44. Depletion of AKT1 or AKT2 using knock out cells showed for the first time that CD133 expression was associated with AKT1 but not AKT2, whereas the CD44 expression was influenced by the presence of either AKT1 or AKT2. There were several genes in the cell adhesion pathway which had significantly higher expression in the AKT2 KO cell-line compared to the AKT1 KO cell-line; however important genes in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition pathway (CDH1, VIM, TWIST1, SNAI1, SNAI2, ZEB1, ZEB2, FN1, FOXC2 and CDH2) did not differ. Our results demonstrate that CD133high/CD44high expressing colon cancer cells are associated with AKT and increased radiation resistance, and that different AKT isoforms have varying effects on the expression of cancer stem cell markers, which is an important consideration when targeting AKT in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Häggblad Sahlberg
- Section of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Diana Spiegelberg
- Section of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Glimelius
- Section of Oncology, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Stenerlöw
- Section of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marika Nestor
- Section of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Section of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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30
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Malaguarnera R, Belfiore A. The emerging role of insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling in cancer stem cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:10. [PMID: 24550888 PMCID: PMC3912738 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells frequently exploit the IGF signaling, a fundamental pathway mediating development, cell growth, and survival. As a consequence, several components of the IGF signaling are deregulated in cancer and sustain cancer progression. However, specific targeting of IGF-IR in humans has resulted efficacious only in small subsets of cancers, making researches wondering whether IGF system targeting is still worth pursuing in the clinical setting. Although no definite answer is yet available, it has become increasingly clear that other components of the IGF signaling pathway, such as IR-A, may substitute for the lack of IGF-IR, and induce cancer resistance and/or clonal selection. Moreover, accumulating evidence now indicates that IGF signaling is a central player in the induction/maintenance of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell stemness, two strictly related programs, which play a key role in metastatic spread and resistance to cancer treatments. Here we review the evidences indicating that IGF signaling enhances the expression of transcription factors implicated in the EMT program and has extensive cross-talk with specific pathways involved in cell pluripotency and stemness maintenance. In turn, EMT and cell stemness activate positive feed-back mechanisms causing up-regulation of various IGF signaling components. These findings may have novel translational implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Malaguarnera
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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31
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Alemán JO, Eusebi LH, Ricciardiello L, Patidar K, Sanyal AJ, Holt PR. Mechanisms of obesity-induced gastrointestinal neoplasia. Gastroenterology 2014; 146:357-373. [PMID: 24315827 PMCID: PMC3978703 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is among the fastest growing diseases worldwide; treatment is inadequate, and associated disorders, including gastrointestinal cancers, have high morbidity and mortality. An increased understanding of the mechanisms of obesity-induced carcinogenesis is required to develop methods to prevent or treat these cancers. In this report, we review the mechanisms of obesity-associated colorectal, esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers and potential treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo H. Eusebi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Ricciardiello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, and Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Kavish Patidar
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Arun J. Sanyal
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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Becerra CR, Salazar R, Garcia-Carbonero R, Thomas AL, Vázquez-Mazón FJ, Cassidy J, Maughan T, Castillo MG, Iveson T, Yin D, Green S, Bergsland EK. Figitumumab in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer previously treated with standard therapies: a nonrandomized, open-label, phase II trial. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 73:695-702. [PMID: 24488322 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Figitumumab (CP-751,871) is a human IgG2 monoclonal antibody that binds and down-regulates insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGF-1R) and inhibits activation of this receptor by IGF-1 and IGF-2. This nonrandomized, open-label, single-arm, phase II trial evaluated the antitumor activity and safety of figitumumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer that was refractory to ≥2 systemic therapies. METHODS Cohorts A and B received intravenous figitumumab 20 and 30 mg/kg in 3-week cycles, respectively. Both received loading doses (20 or 30 mg/kg) on days 1 and 2 of cycle 1. The primary endpoint was 6-month survival (null hypothesis for each cohort, H0: p6 mo surv = 0.45). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response, safety, and pharmacokinetics. RESULTS A total of 168 patients (Cohort A, n = 85; Cohort B, n = 83) received figitumumab. Estimated 6-month survival was 49.4 % (95 % CI 38.8-60.0) in Cohort A and 44.1 % (95 % CI 33.4-54.9) in Cohort B. Median OS was 5.8 and 5.6 months, respectively; median PFS was 1.4 months in both cohorts. No objective partial or complete responses occurred. The respective rates of treatment discontinuation due to treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were 5 and 7 %. The most common grade 3/4 nonhematologic AEs in both cohorts were hyperglycemia and asthenia. No grade 4 hematologic laboratory abnormalities occurred. Most deaths were reported as due to progressive disease; none were due to figitumumab. CONCLUSION Six-month survival data do not support further study of figitumumab 20 or 30 mg/kg in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Becerra
- Texas Oncology-Sammons Cancer Center at Baylor, 3410 Worth Street, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA,
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Calcein-effluxing human colon cancer cells are enriched for self-renewal capacity and depend on β-catenin. Oncotarget 2014; 4:184-91. [PMID: 23468473 PMCID: PMC3712565 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Putative cancer stem cells are a subpopulation of cancer cells that give rise to chemotherapy resistance and are therefore of prognostic and therapeutic interest, though their identification remains elusive in colon cancer due to lack of reliable and accurate markers. We previously identified a p53-dependent putative cancer stem cell population, the calcein low population (C(lo)P), based on their exclusive efflux of the fluorescent dye Calcein. This functional identification method enables comparative live cell studies of subpopulations without differential toxicity that occurs with traditional Hoechst methods, which has confounded conclusions and limited the utility of this cancer stem cell marker. In this study, we examined the cancer stem cell-like properties of the C(lo)P population in vivo in comparison with the parental and calcein-high population (C(hi)P) in human colon cancer xenografts. Serial dilution xenograft experiments in NOD/SCID mice revealed that the C(lo)P is only marginally more tumorigenic compared to the C(hi)P or parental cells. However, serial passage of these tumors revealed that the C(lo)P is uniquely enriched for self-renewal capacity in vivo compared to the other populations. Immunohistochemical analysis of these tumors revealed that the C(lo)P possesses increased levels of nuclear β-catenin and furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown of β-catenin significantly reduced the C(lo)P population. These findings highlight the C(lo)P as an important subpopulation of tumor cells that are exclusively endowed with the ability to self-renew and propagate tumors. The dependency of the C(lo)P on β-catenin provides a molecular explanation for this ability and suggests that this population can and should be therapeutically targeted by inhibition of Wnt signaling.
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Berman AE, Leontieva OV, Natarajan V, McCubrey JA, Demidenko ZN, Nikiforov MA. Recent progress in genetics of aging, senescence and longevity: focusing on cancer-related genes. Oncotarget 2013; 3:1522-32. [PMID: 23455653 PMCID: PMC3681491 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely believed that aging results from the accumulation of molecular damage, including damage of DNA and mitochondria and accumulation of molecular garbage both inside and outside of the cell. Recently, this paradigm is being replaced by the “hyperfunction theory”, which postulates that aging is caused by activation of signal transduction pathways such as TOR (Target of Rapamycin). These pathways consist of different enzymes, mostly kinases, but also phosphatases, deacetylases, GTPases, and some other molecules that cause overactivation of normal cellular functions. Overactivation of these sensory signal transduction pathways can cause cellular senescence, age-related diseases, including cancer, and shorten life span. Here we review some of the numerous very recent publications on the role of signal transduction molecules in aging and age-related diseases. As was emphasized by the author of the “hyperfunction model”, many (or actually all) of them also play roles in cancer. So these “participants” in pro-aging signaling pathways are actually very well acquainted to cancer researchers. A cancer-related journal such as Oncotarget is the perfect place for publication of such experimental studies, reviews and perspectives, as it can bridge the gap between cancer and aging researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert E Berman
- V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry RAMS, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow, Russia.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic cancer is a leading cancer type and its molecular pathology is poorly understood. The only potentially curative therapeutic option available is complete surgical resection; however, this is inadequate as most of the patients are diagnosed at an advanced or metastatic stage. Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) constitute a subpopulation of cells within a solid tumor that sustain tumor growth, metastasis, and chemo/radioresistance. Within pancreatic cancer, TICs have been identified based on the expression of specific cell surface markers. METHODS We use a sphere formation assay to enrich putative TICs and use human serum as a driver of differentiation. We demonstrate by using specific blocking reagents that we can inhibit the differentiation process and maintain TIC-associated markers and genes. RESULTS We can induce differentiation of pancreatospheres with the addition of human serum, and we identified vitronectin as an inducer of differentiation. We inhibit differentiation by human serum using an arginine-glycine-aspartate-specific peptide, which is Cilengitide; hence, demonstrating this differentiation is mediated via specific integrin receptors. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our studies further the definition of pancreatic TICs and provide further insight into both the maintenance and differentiation of this lethal population.
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Qian X, Yu J, Yin Y, He J, Wang L, Li Q, Zhang LQ, Li CY, Shi ZM, Xu Q, Li W, Lai LH, Liu LZ, Jiang BH. MicroRNA-143 inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis and sensitizes chemosensitivity to oxaliplatin in colorectal cancers. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:1385-94. [PMID: 23574723 DOI: 10.4161/cc.24477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cancer-related causes of death in the world. Recently, downregulation of microRNA-143 (miR-143) has been observed in CRC tissues. Here in this study, we found that miR-143 expression was downregulated both in CRC patients' blood samples and tumor specimens. MiR-143 expression levels were strongly correlated with clinical stages and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR), a known oncogene, was a novel direct target of miR-143, whose expression levels were inversely correlated with miR-143 expression in human CRC specimens. Overexpression of miR-143 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, tumor growth and angiogenesis and increased chemosensitivity to oxaliplatin treatment in an IGF-IR-dependent manner. Taken together, these results revealed that miR-143 levels in human blood and tumor tissues are associated with CRC cancer occurrence, metastasis and drug resistance, and miR-143 levels may be used as a new diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for CRC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Qian
- Department of Pathology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine and Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Jiang BJ, Wang J, Yu JW. Microenvironment for cancer stem cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:553-558. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i7.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells and their metastatic niche are one of hot topics for tumor study. This review introduces the definition of microenvironment (niche) for cancer stem cells, related cells and factors, characteristics and regulation of niche, premetastatic niche and tissue components. The research progress in this field can provide some clues to the metastatic mechanism of tumors and the development and improvement of chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Janku F, Huang HJ, Angelo LS, Kurzrock R. A kinase-independent biological activity for insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) : implications for inhibition of the IGF-1R signal. Oncotarget 2013; 4:463-73. [PMID: 23531874 PMCID: PMC3717308 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) can have kinase independent activity. EGFR kinase-independent function maintains intracellular glucose levels via sodium glucose transporter protein 1 (SGLT1) and supports cell survival. It is plausible that this phenomenon can apply to other receptor tyrosine kinases. We found that transfection of insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) siRNA into HEK293 (human embryonic kidney) and MCF7 (metastatic breast cancer) cells result in decreased intracellular glucose levels, whereas treatment with an IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitor OSI-906 did not affect intracellular glucose levels. In addition, IGF-1R interacted with SGLT1 in a manner similar to that previously reported with EGFR. The combination of IGF-1R siRNA and OSI-906 resulted in decreased viability of HEK293 and MCF7 cell lines compared to either agent alone. Collectively, these experiments suggest that IGF-1R, has kinase-independent biologic functions and provide a rationale for combining anti-IGF-1R antibodies or siRNA and IGF-1R small molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Janku
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Lin S, Fu S. The correlation of hematopoietic stem cells with cancer stem cells through the regulation of stromal cells in tumor microenvironment. Med Hypotheses 2013; 80:494-7. [PMID: 23317540 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Revised: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are a small population of tumor cells that have many malignant features such as chemotherapy resistance, radiotherapy resistance, tumorigenicity and are responsible for tumor progression, disease recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, insight into the regulation of the biology of cancer stem cells is important to eradicate cancer. Recently, studies suggested that hematopoietic stem cells could incorporate into tumor stroma and differentiated into stromal cells and the cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells play an important role on tumor progress. Moreover, cancer cells competed with hematopoietic stem cells for occupancy of the hematopoietic stem cell niches to regulate bone metastasis and most cancer cells in bone marrow metastasis were cancer stem cells. Therefore, we hypothesize that cancer stem cells could promote hematopoietic stem cells incorporating into tumor microenvironment and resulting into transformation of hematopoietic stem cells to stromal cells, which could impact the biological behavior of cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchen Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sixth People's Hospital of Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Leng Z, Tao K, Xia Q, Tan J, Yue Z, Chen J, Xi H, Li J, Zheng H. Krüppel-like factor 4 acts as an oncogene in colon cancer stem cell-enriched spheroid cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56082. [PMID: 23418515 PMCID: PMC3572033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a rare population in any type of cancers, including colon cancer, are tumorigenic. It has been thought that CSCs are responsible for cancer recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance. Isolating CSCs in colon cancers is challenging, and thus the molecular mechanism regulating the self-renewing and differentiation of CSCs remains unknown. We cultured DLD-1 cells, one of types of cells derived from colon cancers, in serum-free medium to obtain spheroid cells. These cells possessed the characteristics of CSCs, with the expression of CD133, CD166, Lgr5, and ALDH1, higher capacities of chemo-resistance, migration, invasion, and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo than the adherent DLD-1 cells. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is essential factor for maintaining self-renewal of adult and embryonic stem cells. It has been used to induce pluripotent stem cells (iPS) from somatic cells. Since KLF4 is expressed in colon cancer cells, we investigated its role in spheroid cells isolated from DLD-1 cells and found that KLF4 was overexpressed only in spheroid cells and reducing the expression of KLF4 by short-hairpin RNA significantly decreased the capacities of these cells to resist the chemicals, migrate, invade, and generate tumors in vitro and in vivo. The spheroid cells with reduced KLF4 expression also had decreased expression of CSCs markers and mesenchymal markers. Taken together, culturing DLD-1 cells in serum-free medium enriches CSCs and the expression of KLF4 is essential for the characteristics of CSCs in DLD-1; thus KLF4 can be a potential therapeutic target for treating colon cancer.
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MESH Headings
- AC133 Antigen
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Female
- Fetal Proteins/genetics
- Fetal Proteins/metabolism
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- HCT116 Cells
- HT29 Cells
- Humans
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Kruppel-Like Factor 4
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Peptides/genetics
- Peptides/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Retinal Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Retinal Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Leng
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Yue
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhuang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hailin Xi
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Seccareccia E, Brodt P. The role of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor in malignancy: an update. Growth Horm IGF Res 2012; 22:193-199. [PMID: 23098677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the past three decades, evidence has been accumulating that the IGF-I receptor/ligand system plays an important role in malignant disease. This has led to a search for specific inhibitors of the IGF receptor for cancer therapy, revealing some predictable, but also unexpected challenges. Here we review recent data that highlight the essential role of the IGF axis in several important steps in cancer cell progression and metastasis and highlight cellular processes that have been the focus of much interest and new insight in recent years. Strategies used to target the IGF axis clinically are summarized and the obstacles encountered are discussed.
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Liu WH, You N, Zhang N, Yan HT, Wang T, Huang Z, Liu HB, Tang LJ. Interpretation of interlocking key issues of cancer stem cells in malignant solid tumors. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2012. [PMID: 23179790 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-012-0110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this review, several interlinking issues related to cancer stem cells (CSCs) in malignant solid tumors are sequentially discussed. METHODS A literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane library, combining the words CSCs, solid tumor, isolation, identification, origination, therapy, target and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. RESULTS Because a primary problem is the isolation of CSCs, we first analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of recently used methods, which were mostly based on the physical or immunochemical characteristics of CSCs. Once CSCs are isolated, they should be identified by their stem cell properties. Here, we suggest how to establish a standard identification strategy. We also focused on the origination hypotheses of CSCs. The supporting molecular mechanisms for each theory were thoroughly analyzed and integrated. Especially, epithelial- mesenchymal transition is an increasingly recognized mechanism to generate CSCs that are endowed with a more invasive and metastatic phenotype. Finally, we discuss putative strategies of eliminating CSCs as effective cancer therapies. CONCLUSION After several interlocking issues of CSCs are thoroughly clarified, these CSCs in solid malignant tumors may specifically be targeted, which raises a new hope for eliminating these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hui Liu
- PLA Center of General Surgery, General Hospital of Chengdu Army Region, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Bertrand FE, Angus CW, Partis WJ, Sigounas G. Developmental pathways in colon cancer: crosstalk between WNT, BMP, Hedgehog and Notch. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:4344-51. [PMID: 23032367 DOI: 10.4161/cc.22134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of cancer is reactivation/alteration of pathways that control cellular differentiation during developmental processes. Evidence indicates that WNT, Notch, BMP and Hedgehog pathways have a role in normal epithelial cell differentiation, and that alterations in these pathways accompany establishment of the tumorigenic state. Interestingly, there is recent evidence that these pathways are intertwined at the molecular level, and these nodes of intersection may provide opportunities for effective targeted therapies. This review will highlight the role of the WNT, Notch, BMP and Hedgehog pathways in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred E Bertrand
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC USA.
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Shen K, Cui D, Sun L, Lu Y, Han M, Liu J. Inhibition of IGF-IR increases chemosensitivity in human colorectal cancer cells through MRP-2 promoter suppression. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2086-97. [PMID: 22275271 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells has made many of the currently available chemotherapeutic agents ineffective. However, the mechanism involved in mediating this effect is not yet fully understood. Here, we found the overexpression of type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) in established colorectal MDR cells. Specific siRNA of IGF-IR decreases cell proliferation, exert synergistic effect with anticancer drugs. The downstream signaling of IGF-IR, PI3K/AKT pathway, was altered upon IGF-IR silencing. The expression of multidrug-resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP-2) was suppressed due to the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2). Then the intracellular drug concentration was increased and the drug-resistant phenotype was reversed. Our findings improve current understanding of the biology of IGF-IR and MDR and have significant therapeutic implications on colorectal MDR cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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McCubrey JA, Steelman LS, Chappell WH, Abrams SL, Montalto G, Cervello M, Nicoletti F, Fagone P, Malaponte G, Mazzarino MC, Candido S, Libra M, Bäsecke J, Mijatovic S, Maksimovic-Ivanic D, Milella M, Tafuri A, Cocco L, Evangelisti C, Chiarini F, Martelli AM. Mutations and deregulation of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR cascades which alter therapy response. Oncotarget 2012; 3:954-87. [PMID: 23006971 PMCID: PMC3660063 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR cascades are often activated by genetic alterations in upstream signaling molecules such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). Certain components of these pathways, RAS, NF1, BRAF, MEK1, DUSP5, PP2A, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PIK3R4, PIK3R5, IRS4, AKT, NFKB1, MTOR, PTEN, TSC1, and TSC2 may also be activated/inactivated by mutations or epigenetic silencing. Upstream mutations in one signaling pathway or even in downstream components of the same pathway can alter the sensitivity of the cells to certain small molecule inhibitors. These pathways have profound effects on proliferative, apoptotic and differentiation pathways. Dysregulation of components of these cascades can contribute to: resistance to other pathway inhibitors, chemotherapeutic drug resistance, premature aging as well as other diseases. This review will first describe these pathways and discuss how genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations can result in resistance to various inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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46
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Guo ST, Jiang CC, Wang GP, Li YP, Wang CY, Guo XY, Yang RH, Feng Y, Wang FH, Tseng HY, Thorne RF, Jin L, Zhang XD. MicroRNA-497 targets insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and has a tumour suppressive role in human colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2012; 32:1910-20. [PMID: 22710713 PMCID: PMC3630484 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Past studies have shown that amplified insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)/IGF1 receptor (IGF1-R) signalling has an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development, progression and resistance to treatment. In this report, we demonstrate that downregulation of microRNA-497 (miR-497) as a result of DNA copy number reduction is involved in upregulation of IGF1-R in CRC cells. MiR-497 and miR-195 of the miR-15/16/195/424/497 family that share the same 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) binding seed sequence and are predicted to target IGF1-R were concurrently downregulated in the majority of CRC tissues relative to paired adjacent normal mucosa. However, only overexpression of miR-497 led to suppression of the IGF1-R 3′UTR activity and downregulation of the endogenous IGF1-R protein in CRC cells. This was associated with inhibition of cell survival, proliferation and invasion, and increased sensitivity to apoptosis induced by various stimuli including the chemotherapeutic drugs cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil, and the death ligand tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. The biological effect of miR-497 on CRC cells was largely mediated by inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signalling, as overexpression of an active form of Akt reversed its impact on cell survival and proliferation, recapitulating the effect of overexpression of IGF1-R. Downregulation of miR-497 and miR-195 appeared to associate with copy number loss of a segment of chromosome 17p13.1, where these miRs are located at proximity. Similarly to miR-195, the members of the same miR family, miR-424 that was upregulated, and miR-15a, miR-15b and miR-16 that were unaltered in expression in CRC tissues compared with paired adjacent normal mucosa, did not appear to have a role in regulating the expression of IGF1-R. Taken together, these results identify downregulation of miR-497 as an important mechanism of upregulation of IGF1-R in CRC cells that contributes to malignancy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Guo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital and Institute, Taiyuan, China
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Avruch J, Zhou D, Bardeesy N. YAP oncogene overexpression supercharges colon cancer proliferation. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:1090-6. [PMID: 22356765 DOI: 10.4161/cc.11.6.19453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional co-activator YAP is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of organ size and progenitor cell proliferation. YAP is overexpressed at high frequency in many common human cancers and can directly drive cancer development in mouse models. YAP abundance and nuclear localization are negatively regulated by the Hippo kinase cascade, which, in epithelia, is activated by physiological cell-cell contact. Recent work in intestinal epithelium has established that YAP is constitutively inhibited by the Hippo pathway and entirely dispensable for normal development and homeostasis. YAP serves only in a standby capacity; should cell-cell contact be abrogated, as after intestinal damage, the loss of Hippo input permits increased YAP abundance and nuclear residence. In turn, YAP cooperates with β-catenin to transactivate genes that promote stem cell expansion for epithelial repair. This interplay between overexpressed YAP and β-catenin also drives proliferation of colon cancer cells. The dispensability of YAP in normal intestine makes YAP's expression or outputs attractive targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Avruch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Otto WR, Wright NA. Mesenchymal stem cells: from experiment to clinic. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2011; 4:20. [PMID: 21902837 PMCID: PMC3182886 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-4-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is currently much interest in adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their ability to differentiate into other cell types, and to partake in the anatomy and physiology of remote organs. It is now clear these cells may be purified from several organs in the body besides bone marrow. MSCs take part in wound healing by contributing to myofibroblast and possibly fibroblast populations, and may be involved in epithelial tissue regeneration in certain organs, although this remains more controversial. In this review, we examine the ability of MSCs to modulate liver, kidney, heart and intestinal repair, and we update their opposing qualities of being less immunogenic and therefore tolerated in a transplant situation, yet being able to contribute to xenograft models of human tumour formation in other contexts. However, such observations have not been replicated in the clinic. Recent studies showing the clinical safety of MSC in several pathologies are discussed. The possible opposing powers of MSC need careful understanding and control if their clinical potential is to be realised with long-term safety for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Otto
- Histopathology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK.
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Vanamala J, Radhakrishnan S, Reddivari L, Bhat VB, Ptitsyn A. Resveratrol suppresses human colon cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis via targeting the pentose phosphate and the talin-FAK signaling pathways-A proteomic approach. Proteome Sci 2011; 9:49. [PMID: 21849056 PMCID: PMC3175442 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-9-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We and others have previously reported that resveratrol (RSV) suppresses colon cancer cell proliferation and elevates apoptosis in vitro and/or in vivo, however molecular mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Particularly, little information is available on RSV's effects on metabolic pathways and the cell-extra cellular matrix (ECM) communication that are critical for cancer cell growth. To identify important targets of RSV, we analyzed whole protein fractions from HT-29 advanced human colon cancer cell line treated with solvent control, IGF-1 (10 nM) and RSV (150 μM) using LC/MS/MS-Mud PIT (Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology). Results Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), a vital metabolic pathway for cell cycle progression, was elevated and suppressed by IGF-1 and RSV, respectively in the HT-29 cell line. Enzymatic assays confirmed RSV suppression of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (rate limiting) and transketolase, key enzymes of the PPP. RSV (150 μM) suppressed, whereas IGF-1 (10 nM) elevated focal adhesion complex (FAC) proteins, talin and pFAK, critical for the cell-ECM communication. Western blotting analyses confirmed the suppression or elevation of these proteins in HT-29 cancer cells treated with RSV or IGF-1, respectively. Conclusions Proteomic analysis enabled us to establish PPP and the talin-pFAK as targets of RSV which suppress cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in the colon cancer cell line HT-29. RSV (150 μM) suppressed these pathways in the presence and absence of IGF-1, suggesting its role as a chemo-preventive agent even in obese condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairam Vanamala
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sridhar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lavanya Reddivari
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Vadiraja B Bhat
- Department of Pathology, Scott & White Hospital, Temple, Texas, USA.,Agilent Technologies, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Andrey Ptitsyn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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