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Liu DY, Wu J, Zhou HY, Lv JX, Cai KZ, Tang CB. Phytic acid improves osteogenesis and inhibits the senescence of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under high-glucose conditions via the ERK pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 387:110818. [PMID: 38000455 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia causes impairment of osteogenic differentiation and accelerates stem cell senescence, resulting in weakened osteogenesis and disordered bone metabolism. Phytic acid (PA) is an antioxidant that is reportedly beneficial to bone homeostasis. The present study aims to clarify how PA affects the osteogenic capacity and cellular senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) exposed to high-glucose environments, as well as the potential molecular mechanisms. Our results indicate that osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs cultivated in high-glucose conditions is enhanced by PA, as evidenced by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and staining, Alizarin Red S staining, osteogenic marker in in vitro studies, and increased osteogenesis in animal experiments. PA also prevented high-glucose-induced senescence of BMSCs, as evidenced by the repression of reactive oxygen species production, senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, and P21 and P53 expression. Furthermore, it was found that PA rescued the high-glucose-inhibited expression of phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK). The inhibition of ERK pathway by the specific inhibitor PD98059 blocked the PA-enhanced osteogenesis of BMSCs and promoted cell senescence. Our results revealed that PA enhances osteogenic differentiation and inhibits BMSC senescence in a high-glucose environment. In addition, the activation of the ERK pathway seems to mediate the beneficial effects of PA. The findings provide novel insights that could facilitate bone regeneration in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, China; Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, China; Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - He-Yang Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, China; Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Xin Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, China; Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun-Zhan Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, China; Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Bo Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, China; Department of Dental Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Lee YC, Chiou JT, Wang LJ, Chen YJ, Chang LS. Amsacrine downregulates BCL2L1 expression and triggers apoptosis in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells through the SIDT2/NOX4/ERK/HuR pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 474:116625. [PMID: 37451322 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the anticancer activity of acridine derivatives is mediated through the regulation of anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic BCL2 protein expression. Therefore, we investigated whether the cytotoxicity of amsacrine with an acridine structural scaffold in human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) K562 cells was mediated by BCL2 family proteins. Amsacrine induced apoptosis, mitochondrial depolarization, and BCL2L1 (also known as BCL-XL) downregulation in K562 cells. BCL2L1 overexpression inhibited amsacrine-induced cell death and mitochondrial depolarization. Amsacrine treatment triggered SIDT2-mediated miR-25 downregulation, leading to increased NOX4-mediated ROS production. ROS-mediated inactivation of ERK triggered miR-22 expression, leading to increased HuR mRNA decay. As HuR is involved in stabilizing BCL2L1 mRNA, downregulation of BCL2L1 was noted in K562 cells after amsacrine treatment. In contrast, amsacrine-induced BCL2L1 downregulation was alleviated by restoring ERK phosphorylation and HuR expression. Altogether, the results of this study suggest that amsacrine triggers apoptosis in K562 cells by inhibiting BCL2L1 expression through the SIDT2/NOX4/ERK-mediated downregulation of HuR. Furthermore, a similar pathway also explains the cytotoxicity of amsacrine in CML MEG-01 and KU812 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chin Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ting Chiou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jun Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jung Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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3
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Zhou YJ, Tang Y, Liu SJ, Zeng PH, Qu L, Jing QC, Yin WJ. Radiation-induced liver disease: beyond DNA damage. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:506-526. [PMID: 36214587 PMCID: PMC9928481 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2131163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced liver disease (RILD), also known as radiation hepatitis, is a serious side effect of radiotherapy (RT) for hepatocellular carcinoma. The therapeutic dose of RT can damage normal liver tissue, and the toxicity that accumulates around the irradiated liver tissue is related to numerous physiological and pathological processes. RILD may restrict treatment use or eventually deteriorate into liver fibrosis. However, the research on the mechanism of radiation-induced liver injury has seen little progress compared with that on radiation injury in other tissues, and no targeted clinical pharmacological treatment for RILD exists. The DNA damage response caused by ionizing radiation plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of RILD. Therefore, in this review, we systematically summarize the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in RILD. Such an analysis is essential for preventing the occurrence and development of RILD and further exploring the potential treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jie Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Si Jian Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Hui Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Li Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Cheng Jing
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Jun Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Institution of microbiology and infectious diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changsha Central Hospital, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
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4
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Staudt DE, Murray HC, Skerrett-Byrne DA, Smith ND, Jamaluddin MFB, Kahl RGS, Duchatel RJ, Germon ZP, McLachlan T, Jackson ER, Findlay IJ, Kearney PS, Mannan A, McEwen HP, Douglas AM, Nixon B, Verrills NM, Dun MD. Phospho-heavy-labeled-spiketide FAIMS stepped-CV DDA (pHASED) provides real-time phosphoproteomics data to aid in cancer drug selection. Clin Proteomics 2022; 19:48. [PMID: 36536316 PMCID: PMC9762002 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-022-09385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Global high-throughput phosphoproteomic profiling is increasingly being applied to cancer specimens to identify the oncogenic signaling cascades responsible for promoting disease initiation and disease progression; pathways that are often invisible to genomics analysis. Hence, phosphoproteomic profiling has enormous potential to inform and improve individualized anti-cancer treatment strategies. However, to achieve the adequate phosphoproteomic depth and coverage necessary to identify the activated, and hence, targetable kinases responsible for driving oncogenic signaling pathways, affinity phosphopeptide enrichment techniques are required and often coupled with offline high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation prior to nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS). These complex and time-consuming procedures, limit the utility of phosphoproteomics for the analysis of individual cancer patient specimens in real-time, and restrict phosphoproteomics to specialized laboratories often outside of the clinical setting. To address these limitations, here we have optimized a new protocol, phospho-heavy-labeled-spiketide FAIMS Stepped-CV DDA (pHASED), that employs online phosphoproteome deconvolution using high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) and internal phosphopeptide standards to provide accurate label-free quantitation (LFQ) data in real-time. Compared with traditional single-shot LFQ phosphoproteomics workflows, pHASED provided increased phosphoproteomic depth and coverage (phosphopeptides = 4617 pHASED, 2789 LFQ), whilst eliminating the variability associated with offline prefractionation. pHASED was optimized using tyrosine kinase inhibitor (sorafenib) resistant isogenic FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line models. Bioinformatic analysis identified differential activation of the serine/threonine protein kinase ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) pathway, responsible for sensing and repairing DNA damage in sorafenib-resistant AML cell line models, thereby uncovering a potential therapeutic opportunity. Herein, we have optimized a rapid, reproducible, and flexible protocol for the characterization of complex cancer phosphoproteomes in real-time, a step towards the implementation of phosphoproteomics in the clinic to aid in the selection of anti-cancer therapies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilana E. Staudt
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Heather C. Murray
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - David A. Skerrett-Byrne
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cInfertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Nathan D. Smith
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XAnalytical and Biomolecular Research Facility (ABRF), Research Services, University of Newcastle, NSW, Callaghan, 2308 Australia
| | - M. Fairuz B. Jamaluddin
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Richard G. S. Kahl
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Ryan J. Duchatel
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Zacary P. Germon
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Tabitha McLachlan
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Evangeline R. Jackson
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Izac J. Findlay
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Padraic S. Kearney
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Abdul Mannan
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Holly P. McEwen
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Alicia M. Douglas
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cInfertility and Reproduction Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Nicole M. Verrills
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
| | - Matthew D. Dun
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia ,grid.413648.cPrecision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305 Australia
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Perez K, Ciotlos S, McGirr J, Limbad C, Doi R, Nederveen JP, Nilsson MI, Winer DA, Evans W, Tarnopolsky M, Campisi J, Melov S. Single nuclei profiling identifies cell specific markers of skeletal muscle aging, frailty, and senescence. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:9393-422. [PMID: 36516485 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a loss of muscle mass and function, termed sarcopenia, which causes numerous morbidities and economic burdens in human populations. Mechanisms implicated in age-related sarcopenia or frailty include inflammation, muscle stem cell depletion, mitochondrial dysfunction, and loss of motor neurons, but whether there are key drivers of sarcopenia are not yet known. To gain deeper insights into age-related muscle loss, we performed transcriptome profiling on lower limb muscle biopsies from 72 young, elderly, and frail human subjects using bulk RNA-seq (N = 72) and single-nuclei RNA-seq (N = 17). This combined approach revealed changes in gene expression that occur with age and frailty in multiple cell types comprising mature skeletal muscle. Notably, we found increased expression of the genes MYH8 and PDK4, and decreased expression of the gene IGFN1, in aged muscle. We validated several key genes changes in fixed human muscle tissue using digital spatial profiling. We also identified a small population of nuclei that express CDKN1A, present only in aged samples, consistent with p21cip1-driven senescence in this subpopulation. Overall, our findings identify unique cellular subpopulations in aged and sarcopenic skeletal muscle, which will facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies to combat age-related frailty.
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6
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Erichsen L, Adjaye J. Crosstalk between age accumulated DNA-damage and the SIRT1-AKT-GSK3ß axis in urine derived renal progenitor cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8179-8204. [PMID: 36170022 PMCID: PMC9648809 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The aging process is manifested by a multitude of inter-linked biological processes. These processes contribute to genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, de-regulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. The mammalian ortholog of the yeast silent information regulator (Sir2) SIRT1 is a NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylase and has been recognized to be involved in many of the forementioned processes. Furthermore, the physiological activity of several Sirtuin family members has been connected to the regulation of life span of lower organisms (Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster) as well as mammals. In the present study, we provide evidence that SIX2-positive urine derived renal progenitor cells-UdRPCs isolated directly from human urine show typical hallmarks of aging. This includes the subsequent transcriptional downregulation of SIRT1 and its downstream targets AKT and GSK3ß with increased donor age. This transcriptional downregulation is accompanied by an increase in DNA damage and transcriptional levels of several cell cycle inhibitors such as P16. We provide evidence that the renal progenitor transcription factor SIX2 binds to the coding sequence of SIRT1. Furthermore, we show that the SIRT1 promoter region is methylation sensitive and becomes methylated during aging, dividing them into SIRT1-high and -low expressing UdRPCs. Our results highlight the importance of SIRT1 in DNA damage repair recognition in UdRPCs and the control of differentiation by regulating the activation of GSK3β through AKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Erichsen
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine- University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - James Adjaye
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine- University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
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7
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Levi H, Bar E, Cohen-Adiv S, Sweitat S, Kanner S, Galron R, Mitiagin Y, Barzilai A. Dysfunction of cerebellar microglia in Ataxia-telangiectasia. Glia 2021; 70:536-557. [PMID: 34854502 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a multisystem autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the ATM gene and characterized by cerebellar atrophy, progressive ataxia, immunodeficiency, male and female sterility, radiosensitivity, cancer predisposition, growth retardation, insulin-resistant diabetes, and premature aging. ATM phosphorylates more than 1500 target proteins, which are involved in cell cycle control, DNA repair, apoptosis, modulation of chromatin structure, and other cytoplasmic as well as mitochondrial processes. In our quest to better understand the mechanisms by which ATM deficiency causes cerebellar degeneration, we hypothesized that specific vulnerabilities of cerebellar microglia underlie the etiology of A-T. Our hypothesis is based on the recent finding that dysfunction of glial cells affect a variety of process leading to impaired neuronal functionality (Song et al., 2019). Whereas astrocytes and neurons descend from the neural tube, microglia originate from the hematopoietic system, invade the brain at early embryonic stage, and become the innate immune cells of the central nervous system and important participants in development of synaptic plasticity. Here we demonstrate that microglia derived from Atm-/- mouse cerebellum display accelerated cell migration and are severely impaired in phagocytosis, secretion of neurotrophic factors, and mitochondrial activity, suggestive of apoptotic processes. Interestingly, no microglial impairment was detected in Atm-deficient cerebral cortex, and Atm deficiency had less impact on astroglia than microglia. Collectively, our findings validate the roles of glial cells in cerebellar attrition in A-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Levi
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ela Bar
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stav Cohen-Adiv
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Suzan Sweitat
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sivan Kanner
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronit Galron
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yulia Mitiagin
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ari Barzilai
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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8
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Klomp JE, Lee YS, Goodwin CM, Papke B, Klomp JA, Waters AM, Stalnecker CA, DeLiberty JM, Drizyte-Miller K, Yang R, Diehl JN, Yin HH, Pierobon M, Baldelli E, Ryan MB, Li S, Peterson J, Smith AR, Neal JT, McCormick AK, Kuo CJ, Counter CM, Petricoin EF, Cox AD, Bryant KL, Der CJ. CHK1 protects oncogenic KRAS-expressing cells from DNA damage and is a target for pancreatic cancer treatment. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110060. [PMID: 34852220 PMCID: PMC8665414 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We apply genetic screens to delineate modulators of KRAS mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) sensitivity to ERK inhibitor treatment, and we identify components of the ATR-CHK1 DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway. Pharmacologic inhibition of CHK1 alone causes apoptotic growth suppression of both PDAC cell lines and organoids, which correlates with loss of MYC expression. CHK1 inhibition also activates ERK and AMPK and increases autophagy, providing a mechanistic basis for increased efficacy of concurrent CHK1 and ERK inhibition and/or autophagy inhibition with chloroquine. To assess how CHK1 inhibition-induced ERK activation promotes PDAC survival, we perform a CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screen targeting direct/indirect ERK substrates and identify RIF1. A key component of non-homologous end joining repair, RIF1 suppression sensitizes PDAC cells to CHK1 inhibition-mediated apoptotic growth suppression. Furthermore, ERK inhibition alone decreases RIF1 expression and phenocopies RIF1 depletion. We conclude that concurrent DDR suppression enhances the efficacy of ERK and/or autophagy inhibitors in KRAS mutant PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Klomp
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ye S Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Craig M Goodwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Björn Papke
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeff A Klomp
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Andrew M Waters
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Clint A Stalnecker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan M DeLiberty
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kristina Drizyte-Miller
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Runying Yang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J Nathaniel Diehl
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hongwei H Yin
- Departments of Cancer and Cell Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mariaelena Pierobon
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Elisa Baldelli
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Meagan B Ryan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Jackson Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Amber R Smith
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - James T Neal
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aaron K McCormick
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christopher M Counter
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Adrienne D Cox
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kirsten L Bryant
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Channing J Der
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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9
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Nagane M, Yasui H, Kuppusamy P, Yamashita T, Inanami O. DNA damage response in vascular endothelial senescence: Implication for radiation-induced cardiovascular diseases. J Radiat Res 2021; 62:564-573. [PMID: 33912932 PMCID: PMC8273807 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A post-exposure cohort study in Hiroshima and Nagasaki reported that low-dose exposure to radiation heightened the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as stroke and myocardial infarction, by 14-18% per Gy. Moreover, the risk of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries reportedly increases with radiation therapy of the chest, including breast and lung cancer treatment. Cellular senescence of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) is believed to play an important role in radiation-induced CVDs. The molecular mechanism of age-related cellular senescence is believed to involve genomic instability and DNA damage response (DDR); the chronic inflammation associated with senescence causes cardiovascular damage. Therefore, vascular endothelial cell senescence is believed to induce the pathogenesis of CVDs after radiation exposure. The findings of several prior studies have revealed that ionizing radiation (IR) induces cellular senescence as well as cell death in ECs. We have previously reported that DDR activates endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase, and NO production promotes endothelial senescence. Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) is a major isoform expressed in ECs that maintains cardiovascular homeostasis. Therefore, radiation-induced NO production, a component of the DDR in ECs, may be involved in CVDs after radiation exposure. In this article, we describe the pathology of radiation-induced CVD and the unique radio-response to radiation exposure in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Nagane
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Hironobu Yasui
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Periannan Kuppusamy
- Department of Radiology, The Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, US
| | - Tadashi Yamashita
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Osamu Inanami
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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10
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Syafruddin SE, Ling S, Low TY, Mohtar MA. More Than Meets the Eye: Revisiting the Roles of Heat Shock Factor 4 in Health and Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:523. [PMID: 33807297 PMCID: PMC8066111 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells encounter a myriad of endogenous and exogenous stresses that could perturb cellular physiological processes. Therefore, cells are equipped with several adaptive and stress-response machinery to overcome and survive these insults. One such machinery is the heat shock response (HSR) program that is governed by the heat shock factors (HSFs) family in response towards elevated temperature, free radicals, oxidants, and heavy metals. HSF4 is a member of this HSFs family that could exist in two predominant isoforms, either the transcriptional repressor HSFa or transcriptional activator HSF4b. HSF4 is constitutively active due to the lack of oligomerization negative regulator domain. HSF4 has been demonstrated to play roles in several physiological processes and not only limited to regulating the classical heat shock- or stress-responsive transcriptional programs. In this review, we will revisit and delineate the recent updates on HSF4 molecular properties. We also comprehensively discuss the roles of HSF4 in health and diseases, particularly in lens cell development, cataract formation, and cancer pathogenesis. Finally, we will posit the potential direction of HSF4 future research that could enhance our knowledge on HSF4 molecular networks as well as physiological and pathophysiological functions.
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11
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Stringer-Reasor EM, May JE, Olariu E, Caterinicchia V, Li Y, Chen D, Della Manna DL, Rocque GB, Vaklavas C, Falkson CI, Nabell LM, Acosta EP, Forero-Torres A, Yang ES. An open-label, pilot study of veliparib and lapatinib in patients with metastatic, triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:30. [PMID: 33663560 PMCID: PMC7934554 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have been approved for cancer patients with germline BRCA1/2 (gBRCA1/2) mutations, and efforts to expand the utility of PARPi beyond BRCA1/2 are ongoing. In preclinical models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with intact DNA repair, we have previously shown an induced synthetic lethality with combined EGFR inhibition and PARPi. Here, we report the safety and clinical activity of lapatinib and veliparib in patients with metastatic TNBC. METHODS A first-in-human, pilot study of lapatinib and veliparib was conducted in metastatic TNBC (NCT02158507). The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoints were objective response rates and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Gene expression analysis of pre-treatment tumor biopsies was performed. Key eligibility included TNBC patients with measurable disease and prior anthracycline-based and taxane chemotherapy. Patients with gBRCA1/2 mutations were excluded. RESULTS Twenty patients were enrolled, of which 17 were evaluable for response. The median number of prior therapies in the metastatic setting was 1 (range 0-2). Fifty percent of patients were Caucasian, 45% African-American, and 5% Hispanic. Of evaluable patients, 4 demonstrated a partial response and 2 had stable disease. There were no dose-limiting toxicities. Most AEs were limited to grade 1 or 2 and no drug-drug interactions noted. Exploratory gene expression analysis suggested baseline DNA repair pathway score was lower and baseline immunogenicity was higher in the responders compared to non-responders. CONCLUSIONS Lapatinib plus veliparib therapy has a manageable safety profile and promising antitumor activity in advanced TNBC. Further investigation of dual therapy with EGFR inhibition and PARP inhibition is needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT02158507 . Registered on 12 September 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Stringer-Reasor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jori E May
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eva Olariu
- Department of Medicine, Brookwood Baptist Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Valerie Caterinicchia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Deborah L Della Manna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gabrielle B Rocque
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christos Vaklavas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Carla I Falkson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lisle M Nabell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Edward P Acosta
- Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andres Forero-Torres
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1700 6th Avenue South, HSROC Suite 2232 (176F), Birmingham, AL, 35249, USA.
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12
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Götting I, Jendrossek V, Matschke J. A New Twist in Protein Kinase B/Akt Signaling: Role of Altered Cancer Cell Metabolism in Akt-Mediated Therapy Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228563. [PMID: 33202866 PMCID: PMC7697684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and molecular-targeted agents is a major obstacle to successful cancer therapy. Herein, aberrant activation of the phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway is one of the most frequently deregulated pathways in cancer cells and has been associated with multiple aspects of therapy resistance. These include, for example, survival under stress conditions, apoptosis resistance, activation of the cellular response to DNA damage and repair of radiation-induced or chemotherapy-induced DNA damage, particularly DNA double strand breaks (DSB). One further important, yet not much investigated aspect of Akt-dependent signaling is the regulation of cell metabolism. In fact, many Akt target proteins are part of or involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways. Furthermore, recent studies revealed the importance of certain metabolites for protection against therapy-induced cell stress and the repair of therapy-induced DNA damage. Thus far, the likely interaction between deregulated activation of Akt, altered cancer metabolism and therapy resistance is not yet well understood. The present review describes the documented interactions between Akt, its target proteins and cancer cell metabolism, focusing on antioxidant defense and DSB repair. Furthermore, the review highlights potential connections between deregulated Akt, cancer cell metabolism and therapy resistance of cancer cells through altered DSB repair and discusses potential resulting therapeutic implications.
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13
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Zeng L, Boggs DH, Xing C, Zhang Z, Anderson JC, Wajapeyee N, Veale C, Bredel M, Shi LZ, Bonner JA, Willey CD, Yang ES. Combining PARP and DNA-PK Inhibitors With Irradiation Inhibits HPV-Negative Head and Neck Cancer Squamous Carcinoma Growth. Front Genet 2020; 11:1036. [PMID: 33133138 PMCID: PMC7511754 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel targeted agents to inhibit DNA repair pathways to sensitize tumors to irradiation (IR) are being investigated as an alternative to chemoradiation for locally advanced human papilloma virus negative (HPV-negative) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Two well-characterized targets that, when inhibited, exhibit potent IR sensitization are PARP1 and DNA-PKcs. However, their cooperation in sensitizing HPV-negative HNSCC to IR remains to be explored given that PARP1 and DNA-PkCS bind to unresected stalled DNA replication forks and cooperate to recruit XRCC1 to facilitate double-strand break repair. Here, we show that the combination of the DNA-PK inhibitor NU7441 and the PARP inhibitor olaparib significantly decrease proliferation (61–78%) compared to no reduction with either agent alone (p < 0.001) in both SCC1 and SCC6 cell lines. Adding IR to the combination further decreased cell proliferation (91–92%, p < 0.001) in SCC1 and SCC6. Similar results were observed using long-term colony formation assays [dose enhancement ratio (DER) 2.3–3.2 at 4Gy, p < 0.05]. Reduced cell survival was attributed to increased apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Kinomic analysis using tyrosine (PTK) and serine/threonine (STK) arrays reveals that combination treatment results in the most potent inhibition of kinases involved in the CDK and ERK pathways compared to either agent alone. In vivo, a significant delay of tumor growth was observed in UM-SCC1 xenografts receiving IR with olaparib and/or NU7441, which was similar to the cisplatin-IR group. Both regimens were less toxic than cisplatin-IR as assessed by loss of mouse body weight. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the combination of NU7441 and olaparib with IR enhances HPV-negative HNSCC inhibition in both cell culture and in mice, suggesting a potential innovative combination for effectively treating patients with HPV-negative HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Drexell Hunter Boggs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Chuan Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Joshua C Anderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Narendra Wajapeyee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Chris Veale
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Markus Bredel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Lewis Z Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - James A Bonner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christopher D Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
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14
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Abstract
A phenotype of indefinite growth arrest acquired in response to sublethal damage, cellular senescence affects normal aging and age-related disease. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are capable of sensing changes in cellular conditions, and in turn elicit adaptive responses including cell senescence. MAPKs modulate the levels and function of many proteins, including proinflammatory factors and factors in the p21/p53 and p16/RB pathways, the main senescence-regulatory axes. Through these actions, MAPKs implement key traits of senescence-growth arrest, cell survival, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this review, we summarize and discuss our current knowledge of the impact of MAPKs in senescence. In addition, given that eliminating or suppressing senescent cells can improve health span, we discuss the function and possible exploitation of MAPKs in the elimination (senolysis) or suppression (senostasis) of senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Anerillas
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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15
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Lochab S, Singh Y, Sengupta S, Nandicoori VK. Mycobacterium tuberculosis exploits host ATM kinase for survival advantage through SecA2 secretome. eLife 2020; 9:51466. [PMID: 32223892 PMCID: PMC7162654 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(Mtb) produces inflections in the host signaling networks to create a favorable milieu for survival. The virulent Mtb strain, Rv caused double strand breaks (DSBs), whereas the non-virulent Ra strain triggered single-stranded DNA generation. The effectors secreted by SecA2 pathway were essential and adequate for the genesis of DSBs. Accumulation of DSBs mediated through Rv activates ATM-Chk2 pathway of DNA damage response (DDR) signaling, resulting in altered cell cycle. Instead of the classical ATM-Chk2 DDR, Mtb gains survival advantage through ATM-Akt signaling cascade. Notably, in vivo infection with Mtb led to sustained DSBs and ATM activation during chronic phase of tuberculosis. Addition of ATM inhibitor enhances isoniazid mediated Mtb clearance in macrophages as well as in murine infection model, suggesting its utility for host directed adjunct therapy. Collectively, data suggests that DSBs inflicted by SecA2 secretome of Mtb provides survival niche through activation of ATM kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Lochab
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.,Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Yogendra Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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16
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Gonon G, Villagrasa C, Voisin P, Meylan S, Bueno M, Benadjaoud MA, Tang N, Langner F, Rabus H, Barquinero JF, Giesen U, Gruel G. From Energy Deposition of Ionizing Radiation to Cell Damage Signaling: Benchmarking Simulations by Measured Yields of Initial DNA Damage after Ion Microbeam Irradiation. Radiat Res 2019; 191:566-584. [PMID: 31021733 DOI: 10.1667/rr15312.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Advances in accelerator technology, which have enabled conforming radiotherapy with charged hadronic species, have brought benefits as well as potential new risks to patients. To better understand the effects of ionizing radiation on tumor and surrounding tissue, it is important to investigate and quantify the relationship between energy deposition at the nanometric scale and the initial biological events. Monte Carlo track structure simulation codes provide a powerful tool for investigating this relationship; however, their success and reliability are dependent on their improvement and development accordingly to the dedicated biological data to which they are challenged. For this aim, a microbeam facility that allows for fluence control, down to one ion per cell nucleus, was used to evaluate relative frequencies of DNA damage after interaction between the incoming ion and DNA according to radiation quality. Primary human cells were exposed to alpha particles of three different energies with respective linear energy transfers (LETs) of approximately 36, 85 or 170 keV·µm-1 at the cells' center position, or to protons (19 keV·µm-1). Statistical evaluation of nuclear foci formation (53BP1/γ-H2AX), observed using immunofluorescence and related to a particle traversal, was undertaken in a large population of cell nuclei. The biological results were adjusted to consider the factors that drive the experimental uncertainties, then challenged with results using Geant4-DNA code modeling of the ionizing particle interactions on a virtual phantom of the cell nucleus with the same mean geometry and DNA density as the cells used in our experiments. Both results showed an increase of relative frequencies of foci (or simulated DNA damage) in cell nuclei as a function of increasing LET of the traversing particles, reaching a quasi-plateau when the LET exceeded 80-90 keV·µm-1. For the LET of an alpha particle ranging from 80-90 to 170 keV·µm-1, 10-30% of the particle hits did not lead to DNA damage inducing 53BP1 or γ-H2AX foci formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mohamed Amine Benadjaoud
- c Radiobiology and Regenerative Medicine Research Service, Direction of Human Health, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Frank Langner
- d Department 6.5 Radiation Effects, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans Rabus
- d Department 6.5 Radiation Effects, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Giesen
- d Department 6.5 Radiation Effects, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gaëtan Gruel
- a Radiobiology of Accidental Exposure Laboratory
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17
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Lao JP, Ulrich KM, Johnson JR, Newton BW, Vashisht AA, Wohlschlegel JA, Krogan NJ, Toczyski DP. The Yeast DNA Damage Checkpoint Kinase Rad53 Targets the Exoribonuclease, Xrn1. G3 (Bethesda) 2018; 8:3931-3944. [PMID: 30377154 PMCID: PMC6288840 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The highly conserved DNA damage response (DDR) pathway monitors the genomic integrity of the cell and protects against genotoxic stresses. The apical kinases, Mec1 and Tel1 (ATR and ATM in human, respectively), initiate the DNA damage signaling cascade through the effector kinases, Rad53 and Chk1, to regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell cycle progression, DNA damage repair, chromatin remodeling, and transcription. The DDR also regulates other cellular pathways, but direct substrates and mechanisms are still lacking. Using a mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomic screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we identified novel targets of Rad53, many of which are proteins that are involved in RNA metabolism. Of the 33 novel substrates identified, we verified that 12 are directly phosphorylated by Rad53 in vitro: Xrn1, Gcd11, Rps7b, Ded1, Cho2, Pus1, Hst1, Srv2, Set3, Snu23, Alb1, and Scp160. We further characterized Xrn1, a highly conserved 5' exoribonuclease that functions in RNA degradation and the most enriched in our phosphoproteomics screen. Phosphorylation of Xrn1 by Rad53 does not appear to affect Xrn1's intrinsic nuclease activity in vitro, but may affect its activity or specificity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P Lao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Katie M Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Jeffrey R Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Billy W Newton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Ajay A Vashisht
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - James A Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - David P Toczyski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
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18
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Sun Y, Wang H, Zhang K, Liu J, Wang P, Wang X, Liu Q. Sonodynamic therapy induces oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in glioma cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:36245-36256. [PMID: 35558463 PMCID: PMC9088833 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07099g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma remains one of the most challenging diseases to treat because of the invasive growth of glioma cells and the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which blocks drug delivery to the brain. New strategies are urgently needed to overcome these shortcomings and improve the outcomes. Ultrasound represents a promising noninvasive and reversible BBB opening approach and the related sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is rapidly emerging. This study aims to explore the ultrasound parameters for BBB opening and the cell killing effect of SDT in human glioma U373 cells by using a recently reported sonosensitizer, sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS). The in vitro BBB model indicated that SDT caused a time-dependent permeability increase, which peaked at 2 h post treatment and then recovered gradually. The results of toxicology tests showed significant U373 cell viability loss and apoptosis increase after DVDMS-SDT, accompanied by enhanced cleaved-caspase-3 level and DNA fragmentation, in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) were a major triggering intermediate during DVDMS-SDT. Furthermore, DVDMS-SDT produced DNA damage and the underlying mechanisms were evaluated, in order to provide a fundamental basis for DVDMS-SDT application in glioma therapy. The findings indicated that the DNA molecules could be temporarily regulated by SDT and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which increased the difficulty of cellular self-repair, thus aggravating cell apoptosis and inhibiting glioma cell invasive growth. Therefore, this study supports the use of SDT as an alternative approach for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi 710119 People's Republic of China +86-029-85310275
| | - Haiping Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi 710119 People's Republic of China +86-029-85310275
| | - Kun Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi 710119 People's Republic of China +86-029-85310275
| | - Jingfei Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi 710119 People's Republic of China +86-029-85310275
| | - Pan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi 710119 People's Republic of China +86-029-85310275
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi 710119 People's Republic of China +86-029-85310275
| | - Quanhong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi 710119 People's Republic of China +86-029-85310275
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19
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Winnicki K, Żabka A, Polit JT, Maszewski J. Mitogen-activated protein kinases concentrate in the vicinity of chromosomes and may regulate directly cellular patterning in Vicia faba embryos. Planta 2018; 248:307-322. [PMID: 29721610 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2905-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases seem to mark genes which are set up to be activated in daughter cells and thus they may play a direct role in cellular patterning during embryogenesis. Embryonic patterning starts very early and after the first division of zygote different genes are expressed in apical and basal cells. However, there is an ongoing debate about the way these different transcription patterns are established during embryogenesis. The presented data indicate that mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) concentrate in the vicinity of chromosomes and form visible foci there. Cells in the apical and basal regions differ in number of foci observed during the metaphase which suggests that cellular patterning may be determined by activation of diverse MAPK-dependent genes. Different number of foci in each group of separating chromatids and the specified direction of these mitoses in apical-basal axis indicate that the unilateral auxin accumulation in a single cell may regulate the number of foci in each group of chromatids. Thus, we put forward a hypothesis that MAPKs localized in the vicinity of chromosomes during mitosis mark those genes which are set up to be activated in daughter cells after division. It implies that the chromosomal localization of MAPKs may be one of the mechanisms involved in establishment of cellular patterns in some plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Winnicki
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Aneta Żabka
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Teresa Polit
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Maszewski
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
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20
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Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent pathway is one of the most integral pathways linked to cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. This pathway is dysregulated in a variety of diseases, including neoplasia, immune-mediated diseases, and fibroproliferative diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis. The mTOR kinase is frequently referred to as the master regulator of this pathway. Alterations in mTOR signaling are closely associated with dysregulation of autophagy, inflammation, and cell growth and survival, leading to the development of lung fibrosis. Inhibitors of mTOR have been widely studied in cancer therapy, as they may sensitize cancer cells to radiation therapy. Studies also suggest that mTOR inhibitors are promising modulators of fibroproliferative diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF). Therefore, mTOR represents an attractive and unique therapeutic target in pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the pathological role of mTOR kinase in pulmonary fibrosis and examine how mTOR inhibitors may mitigate fibrotic progression.
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21
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Lien W, Chen T, Sheu S, Lin T, Kang F, Yu C, Kuan T, Huang B, Wang C. 7‐hydroxy‐staurosporine, UCN‐01, induces DNA damage response, and autophagy in human osteosarcoma U2‐OS cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4729-4741. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Chih Lien
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationNational Cheng Kung University HospitalCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Ting‐Yu Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Shi‐Yuan Sheu
- School of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Tzu‐Chien Lin
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Fu‐Chi Kang
- Department of AnesthesiaChi Mei Medical CenterChialiTainanTaiwan
| | - Chung‐Hsing Yu
- Department of OrthopedicsChi Mei Medical CenterChialiTainanTaiwan
| | - Ta‐Shen Kuan
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationNational Cheng Kung University HospitalCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Bu‐Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChina Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Yih Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and AnatomyCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
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22
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Yang G, Yu D, Li W, Zhao Y, Wen X, Liang X, Zhang X, Zhou L, Hu J, Niu C, Tian H, Han F, Chen X, Dong L, Cai L, Cui J. Distinct biological effects of low-dose radiation on normal and cancerous human lung cells are mediated by ATM signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:71856-71872. [PMID: 27708248 PMCID: PMC5342128 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dose radiation (LDR) induces hormesis and adaptive response in normal cells but not in cancer cells, suggesting its potential protection of normal tissue against damage induced by conventional radiotherapy. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well established. We addressed this in the present study by examining the role of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) signaling pathway in response to LDR using A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells and HBE135-E6E7 (HBE) normal lung epithelial cells. We found that LDR-activated ATM was the initiating event in hormesis and adaptive response to LDR in HBE cells. ATM activation increased the expression of CDK4/CDK6/cyclin D1 by activating the AKT/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β signaling pathway, which stimulated HBE cell proliferation. Activation of ATM/AKT/GSK-3β signaling also increased nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, leading to increased expression of antioxidants, which mitigated cellular damage from excessive reactive oxygen species production induced by high-dose radiation. However, these effects were not observed in A549 cells. Thus, the failure to activate these pathways in A549 cells likely explains the difference between normal and cancer cells in terms of hormesis and adaptive response to LDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozi Yang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.,Department of Radiation-Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dehai Yu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xinyue Liang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jifan Hu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chao Niu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Huimin Tian
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fujun Han
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lihua Dong
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.,Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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23
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Khalil AA, Jameson MJ. Sodium Orthovanadate Inhibits Proliferation and Triggers Apoptosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in vitro. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2017; 82:149-155. [PMID: 28320298 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sodium orthovanadate (SOV) is a general inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatases, a large family of enzymes that catalyze the removal of phosphate groups from tyrosine residues. SOV is commonly used in the laboratory to preserve the protein tyrosyl phosphorylation state of proteins under study. It has shown promising antineoplastic activity in some human cancer cell lines; this effect has not been fully investigated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, the effect of SOV on cell growth, proliferation, viability, and apoptosis was assessed in Cal27 cells, an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line. SOV exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth and decrease in cell viability and colony formation. The IC50 values for treatment lasting 72 h and 7 days were 25 and 10 µM, respectively. The cytotoxic effect of the drug was associated with poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase cleavage detected by immunoblot. Flow cytometry of Cal27 cells stained with annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide showed a dose-dependent increase in apoptosis that reached approximately 40% at 25 µM SOV. These findings demonstrate that SOV has in vitro antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect on OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Khalil
- University of Virginia Health System, Division of Head and Neck Oncologic and Microvascular Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia, USA.
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bauerfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, USA
| | - Lobelia Samavati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
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25
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Dale Rein I, Solberg Landsverk K, Micci F, Patzke S, Stokke T. Replication-induced DNA damage after PARP inhibition causes G2 delay, and cell line-dependent apoptosis, necrosis and multinucleation. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3248-60. [PMID: 26312527 PMCID: PMC4825575 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1085137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors have been approved for treatment of tumors with mutations in or loss of BRCA1/2. The molecular mechanisms and particularly the cellular phenotypes resulting in synthetic lethality are not well understood and varying clinical responses have been observed. We have investigated the dose- and time-dependency of cell growth, cell death and cell cycle traverse of 4 malignant lymphocyte cell lines treated with the PARP inhibitor Olaparib. PARP inhibition induced a severe growth inhibition in this cell line panel and increased the levels of phosphorylated H2AX-associated DNA damage in S phase. Repair of the remaining replication related damage caused a G2 phase delay before entry into mitosis. The G2 delay, and the growth inhibition, was more pronounced in the absence of functional ATM. Further, Olaparib treated Reh and Granta-519 cells died by apoptosis, while U698 and JVM-2 cells proceeded through mitosis with aberrant chromosomes, skipped cytokinesis, and eventually died by necrosis. The TP53-deficient U698 cells went through several rounds of DNA replication and mitosis without cytokinesis, ending up as multinucleated cells with DNA contents of up to 16c before dying. In summary, we report here for the first time cell cycle-resolved DNA damage induction, and cell line-dependent differences in the mode of cell death caused by PARP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idun Dale Rein
- a Group for Molecular Radiation Biology ; Department of Radiation Biology ; The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Kirsti Solberg Landsverk
- a Group for Molecular Radiation Biology ; Department of Radiation Biology ; The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Francesca Micci
- b Section of Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Medical Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway.,c Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Sebastian Patzke
- a Group for Molecular Radiation Biology ; Department of Radiation Biology ; The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
| | - Trond Stokke
- a Group for Molecular Radiation Biology ; Department of Radiation Biology ; The Norwegian Radium Hospital ; Oslo , Norway
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26
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Lyckesvärd MN, Kapoor N, Ingeson-Carlsson C, Carlsson T, Karlsson JO, Postgård P, Himmelman J, Forssell-Aronsson E, Hammarsten O, Nilsson M. Linking loss of sodium-iodide symporter expression to DNA damage. Exp Cell Res 2016; 344:120-131. [PMID: 27108928 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy of thyroid cancer with I-131 is abrogated by inherent loss of radioiodine uptake due to loss of sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expression in poorly differentiated tumor cells. It is also known that ionizing radiation per se down-regulates NIS (the stunning effect), but the mechanism is unknown. Here we investigated whether loss of NIS-mediated iodide transport may be elicited by DNA damage. Calicheamicin, a fungal toxin that specifically cleaves double-stranded DNA, induced a full scale DNA damage response mediated by the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase in quiescent normal thyrocytes. At sublethal concentrations (<1nM) calicheamicin blocked NIS mRNA expression and transepithelial iodide transport as stimulated by thyrotropin; loss of function occurred at a much faster rate than after I-131 irradiation. KU-55933, a selective ATM kinase inhibitor, partly rescued NIS expression and iodide transport in DNA-damaged cells. Prolonged ATM inhibition in healthy cells also repressed NIS-mediated iodide transport. ATM-dependent loss of iodide transport was counteracted by IGF-1. Together, these findings indicate that NIS, the major iodide transporter of the thyroid gland, is susceptible to DNA damage involving ATM-mediated mechanisms. This uncovers novel means of poor radioiodine uptake in thyroid cells subjected to extrinsic or intrinsic genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Nordén Lyckesvärd
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Nirmal Kapoor
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Camilla Ingeson-Carlsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Therese Carlsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jan-Olof Karlsson
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Per Postgård
- Department of Radiation Physics, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jakob Himmelman
- Department of Radiation Physics, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Ola Hammarsten
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
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27
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Stulpinas A, Imbrasaitė A, Krestnikova N, Šarlauskas J, Čėnas N, Kalvelytė AV. Study of Bioreductive Anticancer Agent RH-1-Induced Signals Leading the Wild-Type p53-Bearing Lung Cancer A549 Cells to Apoptosis. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 29:26-39. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurimas Stulpinas
- Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Mokslininku
st. 12, LT-08662 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aušra Imbrasaitė
- Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Mokslininku
st. 12, LT-08662 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Natalija Krestnikova
- Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Mokslininku
st. 12, LT-08662 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Šarlauskas
- Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Mokslininku
st. 12, LT-08662 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Narimantas Čėnas
- Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Mokslininku
st. 12, LT-08662 Vilnius, Lithuania
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28
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Pal I, Dey KK, Chaurasia M, Parida S, Das S, Rajesh Y, Sharma K, Chowdhury T, Mandal M. Cooperative effect of BI-69A11 and celecoxib enhances radiosensitization by modulating DNA damage repair in colon carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6389-402. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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29
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Xia N, Zhang Q, Wang ST, Gu L, Yang HM, Liu L, Bakshi R, Yang H, Zhang H. Blockade of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 protects against DNA damage in a rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease model. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:567-80. [PMID: 26454081 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate excitotoxicity contributes to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) and pharmacological blockade of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) has beneficial anti-akinetic effects in animal models of PD; however, the mechanism by which these antagonists alleviate PD symptoms is largely unknown. In our study, the effects of mGluR5 inhibition on DNA damage were investigated in a rotenone-induced model of PD. We first found that the selective mGluR5 antagonist, 2-methyl-6- (phenylethynyl) pyridine, prevented rotenone-induced DNA damage in MN9D dopaminergic neurons through a mechanism involving the downregulation of intracellular calcium release which was associated with a reduction in endoplasmic reticulum stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, the ROS-related mitochondrial dysfunction was accompanied by an increase in expression of the antioxidant protein, Trx2. Treatment of cells with the calcium chelating agent 1,2-bis-(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid or the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine, also reduced rotenone-induced DNA damage, while transfection of a dominant-negative form of Trx2 increased it. In addition, mGluR5 inhibition altered the expression profiles of proteins involved in DNA repair activity. Specifically, the expression of phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) and CREB, as well as APE1 and Rad51 were elevated after rotenone stimulation and were subsequently downregulated following blockade of mGluR5. These findings were confirmed in vivo in a rotenone-induced rat model of PD. Inhibition of mGluR5 protected against neurotoxicity by mitigating oxidative stress-related DNA damage associated with 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine production and also reduced p-ERK activity and Trx2 expression. These findings provide a novel link between mGluR5 and DNA damage in a model of PD, and reveal a potential mechanism by which mGluR5 mediates DNA damage in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xia
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shu Ting Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hui Min Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Rachit Bakshi
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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30
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Hui CW, Herrup K. Individual Cytokines Modulate the Neurological Symptoms of ATM Deficiency in a Region Specific Manner. eNeuro 2015; 2:ENEURO. [PMID: 26465009 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0032-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a multisystemic neurodegenerative disease of childhood caused by the absence of functional ATM (A-T mutated) protein. The cerebellar cortex has the most obvious neuropathology, yet cells in other brain regions are also abnormal. A-T mouse models have been produced that replicate much, though not all, of the complex A-T phenotype. Nongenetic factors, including modulations of the immune status of the animal, have also recently been found to play a role in the disease phenotype. Here we report that these modulations show both cytokine and brain region specificity. The CNS changes induced by broad-spectrum immune challenges, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections are a complex mixture of neuroprotective (TNFα) and neurodegenerative (IL1β) cytokine responses that change over time. For example, LPS first induces a protective response in A-T neurons through activation of tissue repair genes through infiltration of monocytes with M2 phenotype, followed over time by a set of more degenerative responses. Additional phenotypic complexity arises because the neuronal response to an immune challenge is regionally variable; cerebellum and cortex differ in important ways in their patterns of cellular and biochemical changes. Tracking these changes reveals an important though not exclusive role for the MAP kinase pathway. Our findings suggest brain responses to cytokine challenges are temporally and regionally specific and that both features are altered by the absence of ATM. This implies that management of the immune status of A-T patients might have significant clinical benefit.
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31
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Toulany M, Rodemann HP. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling as a key mediator of tumor cell responsiveness to radiation. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35:180-90. [PMID: 26192967 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is a key cascade downstream of several protein kinases, especially membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinases, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family members. Hyperactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is correlated with tumor development, progression, poor prognosis, and resistance to cancer therapies, such as radiotherapy, in human solid tumors. Akt/PKB (Protein Kinase B) members are the major kinases that act downstream of PI3K, and these are involved in a variety of cellular functions, including growth, proliferation, glucose metabolism, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and survival. Accumulating evidence indicates that activated Akt is one of the major predictive markers for solid tumor responsiveness to chemo/radiotherapy. DNA double-strand breaks (DNA-DSB), are the prime cause of cell death induced by ionizing radiation. Preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that constitutive activation of Akt and stress-induced activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway accelerate the repair of DNA-DSB and, consequently, lead to therapy resistance. Analyzing dysregulations of Akt, such as point mutations, gene amplification or overexpression, which results in the constitutive activation of Akt, might be of special importance in the context of radiotherapy outcomes. Such studies, as well as studies of the mechanism(s) by which activated Akt1 regulates repair of DNA-DSB, might help to identify combinations using the appropriate molecular targeting strategies with conventional radiotherapy to overcome radioresistance in solid tumors. In this review, we discuss the dysregulation of the components of upstream regulators of Akt as well as specific modifications of Akt isoforms that enhance Akt activity. Likewise, the mechanisms by which Akt interferes with repair of DNA after exposure to ionizing radiation, will be reviewed. Finally, the current status of Akt targeting in combination with radiotherapy will be discussed.
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32
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Liu S, Zhou L, Zhao Y, Yuan Y. β-elemene enhances both radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity of glioblastoma cells through the inhibition of the ATM signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:943-51. [PMID: 26062577 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a tumor associated with poor prognosis, is known to be resistant to radiotherapy and alkylating agents such as temozolomide (TMZ). β-elemene, a monomer found in Chinese traditional herbs extracted from Curcuma wenyujin, is currently being used as an antitumor drug for different types of tumors including GBM. In the present study, we investigated the roles of β-elemene in the radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity of GBM cells. Human GBM cell lines U87-MG, T98G, U251, LN229 and rat C6 cells were treated with β-elemene combined with radiation or TMZ. We used MTT and colony forming assays to evaluate the proliferation and survival of the cells, and the comet assay to observe DNA damage. Expression of proteins was analyzed by immunoblotting. In the present study, we found that β-elemene inhibited the proliferation and survival of different GBM cell lines when combined with radiotherapy or TMZ via inhibition of DNA damage repair. Treatment of GBM cells with β-elemene decreased the phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), AKT and ERK following radiotherapy or chemotherapy. These results revealed that β-elemene could significantly increase the radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity of GBM. β-elemene may be used as a potential drug in combination with the radiotherapy and chemotherapy of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center; The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center; The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yongshun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yuhui Yuan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center; The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Chu M, Sun C, Chen W, Jin G, Gong J, Zhu M, Yuan J, Dai J, Wang M, Pan Y, Song Y, Ding X, Guo X, Du M, Xia Y, Kan H, Zhang Z, Hu Z, Wu T, Shen H. Personal exposure to PM2.5, genetic variants and DNA damage: A multi-center population-based study in Chinese. Toxicol Lett 2015; 235:172-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Ghorbani A, Zand H, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Koohdani F, Shidfar F, Keshavarz SA. PTEN over-expression by resveratrol in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells along with suppression of AKT/PKB and ERK1/2 in genotoxic stress. J Nat Med 2015; 69:507-12. [PMID: 25929783 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-015-0915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The bioactive components of dietary phytochemicals are in the spotlight of research institutes, due to their significant antioxidant activities and health-promoting properties. Resveratrol is a polyphenol which is found abundantly in grapes and berries and has long been known as a chemo-preventive agent. The main purpose of this study was to provide a new mechanistic insight into the growth inhibition of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells by resveratrol along with a DNA damage agent. It was found that the treatment of pre-B ALL cells by resveratrol in the presence or absence of doxorubicin resulted in decreased cell viability and a synergistic increase in cytotoxicity. Cell death was accompanied by a significant increase in phosphorylated p53 at serine 15 and accumulation of PTEN. In addition, resveratrol inhibited the over-expression of p-AKT and p-ERK1/2. These findings clearly demonstrated that resveratrol and doxorubicin synergistically increase the cytotoxicity of pre-B ALL cells via the hyper-activation of two important tumor suppressor proteins and two major signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Ghorbani
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Cellular senescence was first reported in human fibroblasts as a state of stable in vitro growth arrest following extended culture. Since that initial observation, a variety of other phenotypic characteristics have been shown to co-associate with irreversible cell cycle exit in senescent fibroblasts. These include (1) a pro-inflammatory secretory response, (2) the up-regulation of immune ligands, (3) altered responses to apoptotic stimuli and (4) promiscuous gene expression (stochastic activation of genes possibly as a result of chromatin remodeling). Many features associated with senescent fibroblasts appear to promote conversion to an immunogenic phenotype that facilitates self-elimination by the immune system. Pro-inflammatory cytokines can attract and activate immune cells, the presentation of membrane bound immune ligands allows for specific recognition and promiscuous gene expression may function to generate an array of tissue restricted proteins that could subsequently be processed into peptides for presentation via MHC molecules. However, the phenotypes of senescent cells from different tissues and species are often assumed to be broadly similar to those seen in senescent human fibroblasts, but the data show a more complex picture in which the growth arrest mechanism, tissue of origin and species can all radically modulate this basic pattern. Furthermore, well-established triggers of cell senescence are often associated with a DNA damage response (DDR), but this may not be a universal feature of senescent cells. As such, we discuss the role of DNA damage in regulating an immunogenic response in senescent cells, in addition to discussing less established "atypical" senescent states that may occur independent of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. G. A. Burton
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - R. G. A. Faragher
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Brighton, UK
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Ghorbani A, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Saidpour A, Safa M, Bayat AA, Zand H. PI3K/AKT and Mdm2 activation are associated with inhibitory effect of cAMP increasing agents on DNA damage-induced cell death in human pre-B NALM-6 cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 566:58-66. [PMID: 25524737 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) consists of both proapoptotic and prosurvival signaling branches. Superiority of each signaling branch determines the outcome of DNA damage: death or allowing the repair. The present authors have previously shown that an increased intracellular level of cAMP disrupts p53-mediated apoptosis in human pre-B NALM-6 cells and inhibition of NF-κB prevents prosurvival effect of cAMP during DNA damage. AKT/PKB (protein kinase B) is a general mediator of survival signaling. AKT signaling inhibits p53-mediated transcription and apoptosis. The results of present study showed that cAMP disrupted DNA damage/p53-mediated apoptosis through AKT and subsequent NF-κB activation. These results suggested that AKT may be found as part of a complex with scaffolding proteins, beta-arrestins and PDE4D. cAMP disarticulated the complex through binding to PDE4D compartment. It seems that release of AKT protein potentiated DDR activated pro-survival AKT in NALM-6 cells. Taken together, the present data indicated that regulation of AKT signaling may determine the fate of cells exposed to genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Ghorbani
- Faculty of Nutrition and Diet Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atoosa Saidpour
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Bayat
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Zand
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ravindran Menon D, Das S, Krepler C, Vultur A, Rinner B, Schauer S, Kashofer K, Wagner K, Zhang G, Bonyadi Rad E, Haass NK, Soyer HP, Gabrielli B, Somasundaram R, Hoefler G, Herlyn M, Schaider H. A stress-induced early innate response causes multidrug tolerance in melanoma. Oncogene 2014; 34:4448-59. [PMID: 25417704 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acquired drug resistance constitutes a major challenge for effective cancer therapies with melanoma being no exception. The dynamics leading to permanent resistance are poorly understood but are important to design better treatments. Here we show that drug exposure, hypoxia or nutrient starvation leads to an early innate cell response in melanoma cells resulting in multidrug resistance, termed induced drug-tolerant cells (IDTCs). Transition into the IDTC state seems to be an inherent stress reaction for survival toward unfavorable environmental conditions or drug exposure. The response comprises chromatin remodeling, activation of signaling cascades and markers implicated in cancer stemness with higher angiogenic potential and tumorigenicity. These changes are characterized by a common increase in CD271 expression concomitantly with loss of differentiation markers such as melan-A and tyrosinase, enhanced aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity and upregulation of histone demethylases. Accordingly, IDTCs show a loss of H3K4me3, H3K27me3 and gain of H3K9me3 suggesting activation and repression of differential genes. Drug holidays at the IDTC state allow for reversion into parental cells re-sensitizing them to the drug they were primarily exposed to. However, upon continuous drug exposure IDTCs eventually transform into permanent and irreversible drug-resistant cells. Knockdown of CD271 or KDM5B decreases transition into the IDTC state substantially but does not prevent it. Targeting IDTCs would be crucial for sustainable disease management and prevention of acquired drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ravindran Menon
- Cancer Biology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Dermatology Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - S Das
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - C Krepler
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Vultur
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - B Rinner
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - S Schauer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - K Kashofer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - K Wagner
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - G Zhang
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E Bonyadi Rad
- Cancer Biology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - N K Haass
- The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - H P Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - B Gabrielli
- The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - G Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - M Herlyn
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H Schaider
- Cancer Biology Unit, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Dermatology Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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Ellis L, Ku SY, Ramakrishnan S, Lasorsa E, Azabdaftari G, Godoy A, Pili R. Combinatorial antitumor effect of HDAC and the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway inhibition in a Pten defecient model of prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2014; 4:2225-36. [PMID: 24163230 PMCID: PMC3926822 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and activation of the PI3K-Akt-mTORC1 pathway are common aberrations in prostate cancer (PCa). For this reason, inhibition of such targets is an exciting avenue for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat patients with advanced PCa. Previous reports demonstrated that HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) increases DNA damage and induce greater apoptosis in PCa cell lines that express androgen receptor (AR). In this study we utilized the AR negative PCa cell line and observed that re-expression of AR (PC3-AR) results in greater levels of apoptosis when treated with the pan-DACi, panobinostat (PAN). PAN mediated apoptosis in PC3 and PC3-AR cells was associated with increased levels of double strand DNA breaks, indicated by p-ɣH2AX. Further, PAN treatment in PC3-AR cells resulted in moderate attenuation of the ATM-Akt-ERK DNA damage response pathway. For this reason, we combined PAN with the dual PI3K-mTOR inhibitor, BEZ235. Combination of PAN with BEZ235 resulted in significant attenuation of the DNA damage repair protein ATM and significantly increased anti-tumor activity compared to each single treatment. Overall, superior anti-tumor activity with combination of PAN with BEZ235 was independent of AR status. These findings suggest that this therapeutic strategy should be further developed in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Ellis
- Genitourinary Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo NY
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39
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Hocsak E, Cseh A, Szabo A, Bellyei S, Pozsgai E, Kalai T, Hideg K, Sumegi B, Boronkai A. PARP inhibitor attenuated colony formation can be restored by MAP kinase inhibitors in different irradiated cancer cell lines. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:1152-61. [PMID: 24937370 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.934927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Abstract Purpose: Sensitizing cancer cells to irradiation is a major challenge in clinical oncology. We aimed to define the signal transduction pathways involved in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor-induced radiosensitization in various mammalian cancer lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clonogenic survival assays and Western blot examinations were performed following telecobalt irradiation of cancer cells in the presence or absence of various combinations of PARP- and selective mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. RESULTS HO3089 resulted in significant cytotoxicity when combined with irradiation. In human U251 glioblastoma and A549 lung cancer cell lines, Erk1/2 and JNK/SAPK were found to mediate this effect of HO3089 since inhibitors of these kinases ameliorated it. In murine 4T1 breast cancer cell line, p38 MAPK rather than Erk1/2 or JNK/SAPK was identified as the main mediator of HO3089's radiosensitizing effect. Besides the aforementioned changes in kinase signaling, we detected increased p53, unchanged Bax and decreased Bcl-2 expression in the A549 cell line. CONCLUSIONS HO3089 sensitizes cancer cells to photon irradiation via proapoptotic processes where p53 plays a crucial role. Activation of MAPK pathways is regarded the consequence of irradiation-induced DNA damage, thus their inhibition can counteract the radiosenzitizing effect of the PARP inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eniko Hocsak
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs , Hungary
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40
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Cheung CT, Singh R, Kalra RS, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Collaborator of ARF (CARF) regulates proliferative fate of human cells by dose-dependent regulation of DNA damage signaling. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:18258-69. [PMID: 24825908 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.547208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Collaborator of ARF (CARF) has been shown to directly bind to and regulate p53, a central protein that controls tumor suppression via cellular senescence and apoptosis. However, the cellular functions of CARF and the mechanisms governing its effect on senescence, apoptosis, or proliferation are still unknown. Our previous studies have shown that (i) CARF is up-regulated during replicative and stress-induced senescence, and its exogenous overexpression caused senescence-like growth arrest of cells, and (ii) suppression of CARF induces aneuploidy, DNA damage, and mitotic catastrophe, resulting in apoptosis via the ATR/CHK1 pathway. In the present study, we dissected the cellular role of CARF by investigating the molecular pathways triggered by its overexpression in vitro and in vivo. We found that the dosage of CARF is a critical factor in determining the proliferation potential of cancer cells. Most surprisingly, although a moderate level of CARF overexpression induced senescence, a very high level of CARF resulted in increased cell proliferation. We demonstrate that the level of CARF is crucial for DNA damage and checkpoint response of cells through ATM/CHK1/CHK2, p53, and ERK pathways that in turn determine the proliferative fate of cancer cells toward growth arrest or proproliferative and malignant phenotypes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that demonstrates the capability of a fundamental protein, CARF, in controlling cell proliferation in two opposite directions and hence may play a key role in tumor biology and cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajkumar S Kalra
- From the Cell Proliferation Research Group and Department of Biotechnology (DBT, India)-National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST, Japan) International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Sunil C Kaul
- From the Cell Proliferation Research Group and Department of Biotechnology (DBT, India)-National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST, Japan) International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- From the Cell Proliferation Research Group and Department of Biotechnology (DBT, India)-National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST, Japan) International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
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41
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Zhao L, Chen H, Zhan YQ, Li CY, Ge CH, Zhang JH, Wang XH, Yu M, Yang XM. Serine 249 phosphorylation by ATM protein kinase regulates hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α transactivation. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1839:604-20. [PMID: 24821553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha (HNF1α) exerts important effects on gene expression in multiple tissues. Several studies have directly or indirectly supported the role of phosphorylation processes in the activity of HNF1α. However, the molecular mechanism of this phosphorylation remains largely unknown. Using microcapillary liquid chromatography MS/MS and biochemical assays, we identified a novel phosphorylation site in HNF1α at Ser249. We also found that the ATM protein kinase phosphorylated HNF1α at Ser249 in vitro in an ATM-dependent manner and that ATM inhibitor KU55933 treatment inhibited phosphorylation of HNF1α at Ser249 in vivo. Coimmunoprecipitation assays confirmed the association between HNF1α and ATM. Moreover, ATM enhanced HNF1α transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the ATM kinase-inactive mutant did not. The use of KU55933 confirmed our observation. Compared with wild-type HNF1α, a mutation in Ser249 resulted in a pronounced decrease in HNF1α transactivation, whereas no dominant-negative effect was observed. The HNF1αSer249 mutant also exhibited normal nuclear localization but decreased DNA-binding activity. Accordingly, the functional studies of HNF1αSer249 mutant revealed a defect in glucose metabolism. Our results suggested that ATM regulates the activity of HNF1α by phosphorylation of serine 249, particularly in glucose metabolism, which provides valuable insights into the undiscovered mechanisms of ATM in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yi-Qun Zhan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chang-Yan Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chang-Hui Ge
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Yang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Turner RL, Wilkinson JC, Ornelles DA. E1B and E4 oncoproteins of adenovirus antagonize the effect of apoptosis inducing factor. Virology 2014; 456-457:205-19. [PMID: 24889240 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Adenovirus inundates the productively infected cell with linear, double-stranded DNA and an abundance of single-stranded DNA. The cellular response to this stimulus is antagonized by the adenoviral E1B and E4 early genes. A mutant group C adenovirus that fails to express the E1B-55K and E4orf3 genes is unable to suppress the DNA-damage response. Cells infected with this double-mutant virus display significant morphological heterogeneity at late times of infection and frequently contain fragmented nuclei. Nuclear fragmentation was due to the translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) from the mitochondria into the nucleus. The release of AIF was dependent on active poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), which appeared to be activated by viral DNA replication. Nuclear fragmentation did not occur in AIF-deficient cells or in cells treated with a PARP-1 inhibitor. The E1B-55K or E4orf3 proteins independently prevented nuclear fragmentation subsequent to PARP-1 activation, possibly by altering the intracellular distribution of PAR-modified proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta L Turner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - John C Wilkinson
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
| | - David A Ornelles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
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43
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Iwahori S, Kohmon D, Kobayashi J, Tani Y, Yugawa T, Komatsu K, Kiyono T, Sugimoto N, Fujita M. ATM regulates Cdt1 stability during the unperturbed S phase to prevent re-replication. Cell Cycle 2013; 13:471-81. [PMID: 24280901 PMCID: PMC3956543 DOI: 10.4161/cc.27274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) plays crucial roles in DNA damage responses, especially with regard to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, it appears that ATM can be activated not only by DSB, but also by some changes in chromatin architecture, suggesting potential ATM function in cell cycle control. Here, we found that ATM is involved in timely degradation of Cdt1, a critical replication licensing factor, during the unperturbed S phase. At least in certain cell types, degradation of p27Kip1 was also impaired by ATM inhibition. The novel ATM function for Cdt1 regulation was dependent on its kinase activity and NBS1. Indeed, we found that ATM is moderately phosphorylated at Ser1981 during the S phase. ATM silencing induced partial reduction in levels of Skp2, a component of SCFSkp2 ubiquitin ligase that controls Cdt1 degradation. Furthermore, Skp2 silencing resulted in Cdt1 stabilization like ATM inhibition. In addition, as reported previously, ATM silencing partially prevented Akt phosphorylation at Ser473, indicative of its activation, and Akt inhibition led to modest stabilization of Cdt1. Therefore, the ATM-Akt-SCFSkp2 pathway may partly contribute to the novel ATM function. Finally, ATM inhibition rendered cells hypersensitive to induction of re-replication, indicating importance for maintenance of genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Iwahori
- Virology Division; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Chuohku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kohmon
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyushu University; Higashiku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junya Kobayashi
- Radiation Biology Center; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuhei Tani
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyushu University; Higashiku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Yugawa
- Virology Division; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Chuohku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenshi Komatsu
- Radiation Biology Center; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Virology Division; National Cancer Center Research Institute; Chuohku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomi Sugimoto
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyushu University; Higashiku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Fujita
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyushu University; Higashiku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Ryu S, Kawamura R, Naka R, Silberberg YR, Nakamura N, Nakamura C. Nanoneedle insertion into the cell nucleus does not induce double-strand breaks in chromosomal DNA. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:391-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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45
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Bowen C, Ju JH, Lee JH, Paull TT, Gelmann EP. Functional activation of ATM by the prostate cancer suppressor NKX3.1. Cell Rep 2013; 4:516-29. [PMID: 23890999 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate tumor suppressor NKX3.1 augments response to DNA damage and enhances survival after DNA damage. Within minutes of DNA damage, NKX3.1 undergoes phosphorylation at tyrosine 222, which is required for a functional interaction with ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase. NKX3.1 binds to the N-terminal region of ATM, accelerates ATM activation, and hastens the formation of γhistone2AX. NKX3.1 enhances DNA-dependent ATM kinase activation by both the MRN complex and H2O2 in a DNA-damage-independent manner. ATM, bound to the NKX3.1 homeodomain, phosphorylates NKX3.1, leading to ubiquitination and degradation. Thus, NKX3.1 and ATM have a functional interaction leading to ATM activation and then NKX3.1 degradation in a tightly regulated DNA damage response specific to prostate epithelial cells. These findings demonstrate a mechanism for the tumor-suppressor properties of NKX3.1, demonstrate how NKX3.1 may enhance DNA integrity in prostate stem cells and may help to explain how cells differ in their sensitivity to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Bowen
- Department of Medicine, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, MHB 6N-435, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Hori T, Gardner LB, Hata T, Chen F, Baine AMT, Uemoto S, Nguyen JH. Pretreatment of liver grafts in vivo by γ-aminobutyric acid receptor regulation reduces cold ischemia/warm reperfusion injury in rat. Ann Transplant 2013; 18:299-313. [PMID: 23792534 DOI: 10.12659/aot.883955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is found throughout the body. The regulation of GABA receptor (GABAR) reduces oxidative stress (OS). Ischemia/reperfusion injury after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) causes OS-induced graft damage. The effects of GABAR regulation in donors in vivo were investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Donor rats received saline, a GABAR agonist or GABAR antagonist 4 h before surgery. Recipient rats were divided into four groups according to the donor treatments: laparotomy, OLT with saline, OLT with GABAR agonist and OLT with GABAR antagonist. Histopathological, biochemical and immunohistological examinations were performed at 6, 12 and 24 h after OLT. Protein assays were performed at 6 h after OLT. The 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM), phosphorylated histone H2AX (gammaH2AX), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), Akt and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assessed by western blot analysis. RESULTS In the univariate analysis, histopathological and biochemical profiles verified that the GABAR agonist reduced graft damage. Immunohistology revealed that the GABAR agonist prevented the induction of apoptosis. Measurement of 4-4-HNE levels confirmed OS-induced damage after OLT, and the GABAR agonist improved this damage. In the gammaH2AX, PI3K, Akt and antioxidant enzymes (SODs), ATM and H2AX were greatly increased after OLT, and were reduced by the GABAR agonist. In the multivariate analyses between multiple groups, histopathological assessment, aspartate aminotransferase level, immunohistological examinations for apoptotic induction and gammaH2AX showed statistical differences. CONCLUSIONS A specific agonist demonstrated regulation of GABAR in vivo in the liver. This activation in vivo reduced OS after OLT via the ATM/H2AX pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohide Hori
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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Sinha S, Ghildiyal R, Mehta VS, Sen E. ATM-NFκB axis-driven TIGAR regulates sensitivity of glioma cells to radiomimetics in the presence of TNFα. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e615. [PMID: 23640457 PMCID: PMC3674344 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are resistant to radiation therapy, as well as to TNFα induced killing. Radiation-induced TNFα triggers Nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-mediated radioresistance. As inhibition of NFκB activation sensitizes glioma cells to TNFα-induced apoptosis, we investigated whether TNFα modulates the responsiveness of glioma cells to ionizing radiation-mimetic Neocarzinostatin (NCS). TNFα enhanced the ability of NCS to induce glioma cell apoptosis. NCS-mediated death involved caspase-9 activation, reduction of mitochondrial copy number and lactate production. Death was concurrent with NFκB, Akt and Erk activation. Abrogation of Akt and NFκB activation further potentiated the death inducing ability of NCS in TNFα cotreated cells. NCS-induced p53 expression was accompanied by increase in TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) levels and ATM phosphorylation. siRNA-mediated knockdown of TIGAR abrogated NCS-induced apoptosis. While DN-IκB abrogated NCS-induced TIGAR both in the presence and absence of TNFα, TIGAR had no effect on NFκB activation. Transfection with TIGAR mutant (i) decreased apoptosis and γH2AX foci formation (ii) decreased p53 (iii) elevated ROS and (iv) increased Akt/Erk activation in cells cotreated with NCS and TNFα. Heightened TIGAR expression was observed in GBM tumors. While NCS induced ATM phosphorylation in a NFκB independent manner, ATM inhibition abrogated TIGAR and NFκB activation. Metabolic gene profiling indicated that TNFα affects NCS-mediated regulation of several genes associated with glycolysis. The existence of ATM-NFκB axis that regulate metabolic modeler TIGAR to overcome prosurvival response in NCS and TNFα cotreated cells, suggests mechanisms through which inflammation could affect resistance and adaptation to radiomimetics despite concurrent induction of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sinha
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience Division, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana, India
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Biddlestone-Thorpe L, Sajjad M, Rosenberg E, Beckta JM, Valerie NCK, Tokarz M, Adams BR, Wagner AF, Khalil A, Gilfor D, Golding SE, Deb S, Temesi DG, Lau A, O'Connor MJ, Choe KS, Parada LF, Lim SK, Mukhopadhyay ND, Valerie K. ATM kinase inhibition preferentially sensitizes p53-mutant glioma to ionizing radiation. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:3189-200. [PMID: 23620409 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal form of brain cancer with a median survival of only 12 to 15 months. Current standard treatment consists of surgery followed by chemoradiation. The poor survival of patients with GBM is due to aggressive tumor invasiveness, an inability to remove all tumor tissue, and an innate tumor chemo- and radioresistance. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is an excellent target for radiosensitizing GBM because of its critical role in regulating the DNA damage response and p53, among other cellular processes. As a first step toward this goal, we recently showed that the novel ATM kinase inhibitor KU-60019 reduced migration, invasion, and growth, and potently radiosensitized human glioma cells in vitro. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using orthotopic xenograft models of GBM, we now show that KU-60019 is also an effective radiosensitizer in vivo. Human glioma cells expressing reporter genes for monitoring tumor growth and dispersal were grown intracranially, and KU-60019 was administered intratumorally by convection-enhanced delivery or osmotic pump. RESULTS Our results show that the combined effect of KU-60019 and radiation significantly increased survival of mice 2- to 3-fold over controls. Importantly, we show that glioma with mutant p53 is much more sensitive to KU-60019 radiosensitization than genetically matched wild-type glioma. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that an ATM kinase inhibitor may be an effective radiosensitizer and adjuvant therapy for patients with mutant p53 brain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Biddlestone-Thorpe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23112, USA
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Varma H, Gangadhar NM, Letso RR, Wolpaw AJ, Sriramaratnam R, Stockwell BR. Identification of a small molecule that induces ATG5-and-cathepsin-l-dependent cell death and modulates polyglutamine toxicity. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1759-1773. [PMID: 23588206 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-apoptotic cell death mechanisms are largely uncharacterized despite their importance in physiology and disease [1]. Here we sought to systematically identify non-apoptotic cell death pathways in mammalian cells. We screened 69,612 compounds for those that induce non-canonical cell death by counter screening in the presence of inhibitors of apoptosis and necrosis. We further selected compounds that require active protein synthesis for inducing cell death. Using this tiered approach, we identified NID-1 (Novel Inducer of Death-1), a small molecule that induces an active, energy-dependent cell death in diverse mammalian cell lines. NID-1-induced death required components of the autophagic machinery, including ATG5, and the lysosomal hydrolase cathepsin L, but was distinct from classical macroautophagy. Since macroautophagy can prevent cell death in several contexts, we tested and found that NID-1 suppressed cell death in a cell-based model of Huntington's disease, suggesting that NID-1 activates a specific pathway. Thus the discovery of NID-1 identifies a previously unexplored cell death pathway, and modulating this pathway may have therapeutic applications. Furthermore, these findings provide a proof-of-principle for using chemical screening to identify novel cell death paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Varma
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Northwest Corner Building, MC 4846, 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Nidhi M Gangadhar
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Northwest Corner Building, MC 4846, 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Reka R Letso
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Northwest Corner Building, MC 4846, 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Adam J Wolpaw
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Northwest Corner Building, MC 4846, 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Rohitha Sriramaratnam
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Northwest Corner Building, MC 4846, 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Northwest Corner Building, MC 4846, 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States; Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Northwest Corner Building, MC 4846, 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, United States.
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Hori T, Uemoto S, Walden LB, Chen F, Baine AM, Hata T, Nguyen JH. Pretreatment of Small-for-Size Grafts In Vivo by γ -Aminobutyric Acid Receptor Regulation against Oxidative Stress-Induced Injury in Rat Split Orthotopic Liver Transplantation. Int J Hepatol 2013; 2013:149123. [PMID: 24223309 DOI: 10.1155/2013/149123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Graft pretreatment to limit postoperative damage has the advantage of overcoming a current issue in liver transplantation (LT). The strategic potential of graft pretreatment in vivo by a specific agonist for γ -aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAR) was investigated in the rat LT model with a small-for-size graft (SFSG). Methods. Recipient rats were divided into three groups according to donor treatments and recipient surgeries: (i) saline and laparotomy, (ii) saline and split orthotopic liver transplantation (SOLT) with 40%-SFSG, and (iii) GABAR agonist and SOLT with 40%-SFSG. Survival was evaluated. Blood and liver samples were collected 6 h after surgery. Immunohistological assessment for apoptotic induction and western blotting for 4-hydroxynonenal, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM), histone H2AX, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), Akt, and free radical scavenging enzymes were performed. Results. Pretreatment by GABAR showed improvement in survival, histopathological assessment, and biochemical tests. Apoptotic induction and oxidative stress were observed after SOLT with an SFSG, and this damage was limited by GABAR regulation. GABAR regulation appeared to reduce DNA damage via the ATM/H2AX pathway and to promote cell survival via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Conclusions. Pretreatment in vivo by GABAR regulation improves graft damage after SOLT with an SFSG. This strategy may be advantageous in LT.
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