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Wen X, Shao Z, Chen X, Liu H, Qiu H, Ding X, Qu D, Wang H, Wang AZ, Zhang L. A multifunctional targeted nano-delivery system with radiosensitization and immune activation in glioblastoma. Radiat Oncol 2024; 19:119. [PMID: 39267113 PMCID: PMC11395210 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-024-02511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary brain malignancy in adults, is notoriously difficult to treat due to several factors: tendency to be radiation resistant, the presence of the blood brain barrier (BBB) which limits drug delivery and immune-privileged status which hampers effective immune responses. Traditionally, high-dose irradiation (8 Gy) is known to effectively enhance anti-tumor immune responses, but its application is limited by the risk of severe brain damage. Currently, conventional dose segmentation (2 Gy) is the standard radiotherapy method, which does not fully exploit the potential of high-dose irradiation for immune activation. The hypothesis of our study posits that instead of directly applying high doses of radiation, which is risky, a strategy could be developed to harness the immune-stimulating benefits of high-dose irradiation indirectly. This involves using nanoparticles to enhance antigen presentation and immune responses in a safer manner. Angiopep-2 (A2) was proved a satisfactory BBB and brain targeting and Dbait is a small molecule that hijack DNA double strand break damage (DSB) repair proteins to make cancer cells more sensitive to radiation. In view of that, the following two nanoparticles were designed to combine immunity of GBM, radiation resistance and BBB innovatively. One is cationic liposome nanoparticle interacting with Dbait (A2-CL/Dbait NPs) for radiosensitization effect; the other is PLGA-PEG-Mal nanoparticle conjugated with OX40 antibody (A2-PLGA-PEG-Mal/anti-OX40 NPs) for tumor-derived protein antigens capture and optimistic immunoregulatory effect of anti-OX40 (which is known to enhance the activation and proliferation T cells). Both types of nanoparticles showed favorable targeting and low toxicity in experimental models. Specifically, the combination of A2-CL/Dbait NPs and A2-PLGA-PEG-Mal/anti-OX40 NPs led to a significant extension in the survival time and a significant tumor shrinkage of mice with GBM. The study demonstrates that combining these innovative nanoparticles with conventional radiotherapy can effectively address key challenges in GBM treatment. It represents a significant step toward more effective and safer therapeutic options for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Cancer Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Kunpeng North Road No. 9, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zhiying Shao
- Cancer Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueting Chen
- Cancer Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Kunpeng North Road No. 9, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Kunpeng North Road No. 9, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Debao Qu
- Cancer Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Kunpeng North Road No. 9, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Cancer Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Andrew Z Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Longzhen Zhang
- Cancer Institute of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Kunpeng North Road No. 9, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Jiangsu, China.
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Gutierrez R, Chan AYS, Lai SWT, Itoh S, Lee DH, Sun K, Battad A, Chen S, O'Connor TR, Shuck SC. Lack of mismatch repair enhances resistance to methylating agents for cells deficient in oxidative demethylation. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107492. [PMID: 38925328 PMCID: PMC11326903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The human alkylation B (AlkB) homologs, ALKBH2 and ALKBH3, respond to methylation damage to maintain genomic integrity and cellular viability. Both ALKBH2 and ALKBH3 are direct reversal repair enzymes that remove 1-methyladenine (1meA) and 3-methylcytosine (3meC) lesions commonly generated by alkylating chemotherapeutic agents. Thus, the existence of deficiencies in ALKBH proteins can be exploited in synergy with chemotherapy. In this study, we investigated possible interactions between ALKBH2 and ALKBH3 with other proteins that could alter damage response and discovered an interaction with the mismatch repair (MMR) system. To test whether the lack of active MMR impacts ALKBH2 and/or ALKBH3 response to methylating agents, we generated cells deficient in ALKBH2, ALKBH3, or both in addition to Mlh homolog 1 (MLH1), another MMR protein. We found that MLH1koALKBH3ko cells showed enhanced resistance toward SN1- and SN2-type methylating agents, whereas MLH1koALKBH2ko cells were only resistant to SN1-type methylating agents. Concomitant loss of ALKBH2 and ALKBH3 (ALKBH2ko3ko) rendered cells sensitive to SN1- and SN2-agents, but the additional loss of MLH1 enhanced resistance to both types of damage. We also showed that ALKBH2ko3ko cells have an ATR-dependent arrest at the G2/M checkpoint, increased apoptotic signaling, and replication fork stress in response to methylation. However, these responses were not observed with the loss of functional MLH1 in MLH1koALKBH2ko3ko cells. Finally, in MLH1koALKBH2ko3ko cells, we observed elevated mutant frequency in untreated and temozolomide treated cells. These results suggest that obtaining a more accurate prognosis of chemotherapeutic outcome requires information on the functionality of ALKBH2, ALKBH3, and MLH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gutierrez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Annie Yin S Chan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Seigmund Wai Tsuen Lai
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute at the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Shunsuke Itoh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Dong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kelani Sun
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute at the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Alana Battad
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute at the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Timothy R O'Connor
- Department of Cancer Biology, Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute at the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.
| | - Sarah C Shuck
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute at the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.
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3
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Kutashev K, Meschichi A, Reeck S, Fonseca A, Sartori K, White CI, Sicard A, Rosa S. Differences in RAD51 transcriptional response and cell cycle dynamics reveal varying sensitivity to DNA damage among Arabidopsis thaliana root cell types. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:966-980. [PMID: 38840557 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Throughout their lifecycle, plants are subjected to DNA damage from various sources, both environmental and endogenous. Investigating the mechanisms of the DNA damage response (DDR) is essential to unravel how plants adapt to the changing environment, which can induce varying amounts of DNA damage. Using a combination of whole-mount single-molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (WM-smFISH) and plant cell cycle reporter lines, we investigated the transcriptional activation of a key homologous recombination (HR) gene, RAD51, in response to increasing amounts of DNA damage in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. The results uncover consistent variations in RAD51 transcriptional response and cell cycle arrest among distinct cell types and developmental zones. Furthermore, we demonstrate that DNA damage induced by genotoxic stress results in RAD51 transcription throughout the whole cell cycle, dissociating its traditional link with S/G2 phases. This work advances the current comprehension of DNA damage response in plants by demonstrating quantitative differences in DDR activation. In addition, it reveals new associations with the cell cycle and cell types, providing crucial insights for further studies of the broader response mechanisms in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Kutashev
- Plant Biology Department, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas allé 5, Uppsala, 756 51, Sweden
| | - Anis Meschichi
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Svenja Reeck
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Alejandro Fonseca
- Plant Biology Department, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas allé 5, Uppsala, 756 51, Sweden
| | - Kevin Sartori
- Plant Biology Department, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas allé 5, Uppsala, 756 51, Sweden
| | - Charles I White
- Institut Génétique Reproduction et Développement (iGReD), Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 6293, CNRS, U1103 INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, 63001, France
| | - Adrien Sicard
- Plant Biology Department, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas allé 5, Uppsala, 756 51, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Rosa
- Plant Biology Department, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas allé 5, Uppsala, 756 51, Sweden
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Wells SE, Caldecott KW. KBM-mediated interactions with KU80 promote cellular resistance to DNA replication stress in CHO cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 140:103710. [PMID: 38901287 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The KU heterodimer (KU70/80) is rapidly recruited to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) to regulate their processing and repair. Previous work has revealed that the amino-terminal von Willebrand-like (vWA-like) domain in KU80 harbours a conserved hydrophobic pocket that interacts with a short peptide motif known as the Ku-binding motif (KBM). The KBM is present in a variety of DNA repair proteins such as APLF, CYREN, and Werner protein (WRN). Here, to investigate the importance of KBM-mediated protein-protein interactions for KU80 function, we employed KU80-deficient Chinese Hamster Ovary (Xrs-6) cells transfected with RFP-tagged wild-type human KU80 or KU80 harbouring a mutant vWA-like domain (KU80L68R). Surprisingly, while mutant RFP-KU80L68R largely or entirely restored NHEJ efficiency and radiation resistance in KU80-deficient Xrs-6 cells, it failed to restore cellular resistance to DNA replication stress induced by camptothecin (CPT) or hydroxyurea (HU). Moreover, KU80-deficient Xrs-6 cells expressing RFP-KU80L68R accumulated pan-nuclear γH2AX in an S/G2-phase-dependent manner following treatment with CPT or HU, suggesting that the binding of KU80 to one or more KBM-containing proteins is required for the processing and/or repair of DNA ends that arise during DNA replication stress. Consistent with this idea, depletion of WRN helicase/exonuclease recapitulated the CPT-induced γH2AX phenotype, and did so epistatically with mutation of the KU80 vWA-like domain. These data identify a role for the KBM-binding by KU80 in the response and resistance of CHO cells to arrested and/or collapsed DNA replication forks, and implicate the KBM-mediated interaction of KU80 with WRN as a critical effector of this role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Wells
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Science Park Road, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Keith W Caldecott
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Science Park Road, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK.
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Osipov A, Chigasova A, Yashkina E, Ignatov M, Vorobyeva N, Zyuzikov N, Osipov AN. Early and Late Effects of Low-Dose X-ray Exposure in Human Fibroblasts: DNA Repair Foci, Proliferation, Autophagy, and Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8253. [PMID: 39125823 PMCID: PMC11311499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of low-dose radiation exposure remain a controversial topic in radiation biology. This study compares early (0.5, 4, 24, 48, and 72 h) and late (5, 10, and 15 cell passages) post-irradiation changes in γH2AX, 53BP1, pATM, and p-p53 (Ser-15) foci, proliferation, autophagy, and senescence in primary fibroblasts exposed to 100 and 2000 mGy X-ray radiation. The results show that exposure to 100 mGy significantly increased γH2AX, 53BP1, and pATM foci only at 0.5 and 4 h post irradiation. There were no changes in p-p53 (Ser-15) foci, proliferation, autophagy, or senescence up to 15 passages post irradiation at the low dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Osipov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.O.); (A.C.); (E.Y.); (M.I.)
| | - Anna Chigasova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.O.); (A.C.); (E.Y.); (M.I.)
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Yashkina
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.O.); (A.C.); (E.Y.); (M.I.)
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC—FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Ignatov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.O.); (A.C.); (E.Y.); (M.I.)
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC—FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Vorobyeva
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.O.); (A.C.); (E.Y.); (M.I.)
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC—FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay Zyuzikov
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 999183, Trinidad and Tobago;
| | - Andreyan N. Osipov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.O.); (A.C.); (E.Y.); (M.I.)
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (SRC—FMBC), 123098 Moscow, Russia
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, 31 Acharyan, Yerevan 0040, Armenia
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6
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Fira AMR, Keta OD, Petković VD, Đorđević M, Petringa G, Fattori S, Catalano R, Cirrone GP, Cuttone G, Sakata D, Tran NH, Chatzipapas K, Incerti S, Petrović IM. In vitro validation of helium ion irradiations as a function of linear energy transfer in radioresistant human malignant cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:1426-1437. [PMID: 39058324 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2373752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Based on considerable interest to enlarge the experimental database of radioresistant cells after their irradiation with helium ions, HTB140, MCF-7 and HTB177 human malignant cells are exposed to helium ion beams having different linear energy transfer (LET). MATERIALS AND METHODS The cells are irradiated along the widened 62 MeV/u helium ion Bragg peak, providing LET of 4.9, 9.8, 23.4 and 36.8 keV/µm. Numerical simulations with the Geant4 toolkit are used for the experimental design. Cell survival is evaluated and compared with reference γ-rays. DNA double strand breaks are assessed via γ-H2AX foci. RESULTS With the increase of LET, surviving fractions at 2 Gy decrease, while RBE (2 Gy, γ) gradually increase. For HTB140 cells, above the dose of 4 Gy, a slight saturation of survival is observed while the increase of RBE (2 Gy, γ) remains unaffected. With the increase of LET the increase of γ-H2AX foci is revealed at 0.5 h after irradiation. There is no significant difference in the number of foci between the cell lines for the same LET. From 0.5 to 24 h, the number of foci drops reaching its residual level. For each time point, there are small differences in DNA DSB among the three cell lines. CONCLUSION Analyses of data acquired for the three cell lines irradiated by helium ions, having different LET, reveal high elimination capacity and creation of a large number of DNA DSB with respect to γ-rays, and are between those reported for protons and carbon ions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Otilija D Keta
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladana D Petković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Đorđević
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Giada Petringa
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, LNS, Catania, Italy
| | - Serena Fattori
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, LNS, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Ngoc Hoang Tran
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, LP2I, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | | | - Sebastien Incerti
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, LP2I, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | - Ivan M Petrović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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7
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Foret MK, Orciani C, Welikovitch LA, Huang C, Cuello AC, Do Carmo S. Early oxidative stress and DNA damage in Aβ-burdened hippocampal neurons in an Alzheimer's-like transgenic rat model. Commun Biol 2024; 7:861. [PMID: 39004677 PMCID: PMC11247100 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key contributor to AD pathology. However, the earliest role of pre-plaque neuronal oxidative stress, remains elusive. Using laser microdissected hippocampal neurons extracted from McGill-R-Thy1-APP transgenic rats we found that intraneuronal amyloid beta (iAβ)-burdened neurons had increased expression of genes related to oxidative stress and DNA damage responses including Ercc2, Fancc, Sod2, Gsr, and Idh1. DNA damage was further evidenced by increased neuronal levels of XPD (Ercc2) and γH2AX foci, indicative of DNA double stranded breaks (DSBs), and by increased expression of Ercc6, Rad51, and Fen1, and decreased Sirt6 in hippocampal homogenates. We also found increased expression of synaptic plasticity genes (Grin2b (NR2B), CamkIIα, Bdnf, c-fos, and Homer1A) and increased protein levels of TOP2β. Our findings indicate that early accumulation of iAβ, prior to Aβ plaques, is accompanied by incipient oxidative stress and DSBs that may arise directly from oxidative stress or from maladaptive synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan K Foret
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chiara Orciani
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Chunwei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Claudio Cuello
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sonia Do Carmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Mingo Barba S, Lobo-Cerna F, Krawczyk PM, Lattuada M, Füchslin RM, Petri-Fink A, Scheidegger S. The Use of Survival Dose-Rate Dependencies as Theoretical Discrimination Criteria for In-Silico Dynamic Radiobiological Models. Dose Response 2024; 22:15593258241279906. [PMID: 39224699 PMCID: PMC11367615 DOI: 10.1177/15593258241279906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cell repair dynamics are crucial in optimizing anti-cancer therapies. Various assays (eg, comet assay and γ-H2AX) assess post-radiation repair kinetics, but interpreting such data is challenging and model-based data analyses are required. However, ambiguities in parameter calibration remain an unsolved challenge. To address this, we propose combining survival dose-rate effects with computer simulations to gain knowledge about repair kinetics. Methods After a literature review, theoretical discriminators based on common fractionation/dose-rate-related effects were defined to discard unrealistic model dynamics. The Multi-Hit Repair (MHR) model was calibrated with canine osteosarcoma Abrams cell line data to study the discriminators' efficacy in scenarios with limited survival data. Additionally, survival dose-rate-dependent data from the human SiHa cervical cancer cell line were used to illustrate the survival behavior at diverse dose-rates and the capability of the MHR to model these data. Results SiHa data confirmed the validity of the proposed discriminators. The discriminators filtered 99% of parameter sets, improving the calibration of Abrams cells data. Furthermore, results from both cell lines may hint universal aspects of cellular repair. Conclusions Dose-rate theoretical discrimination criteria are an effective method to understand repair kinetics and improve radiobiological model calibration. Moreover, this methodology may be used to analyze diverse biological data using dynamic models in-silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Mingo Barba
- School of Engineering, Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Winterthur, Switzerland
- Chemistry Department, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Lobo-Cerna
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Przemek M. Krawczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Chemistry Department, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Rudolf M. Füchslin
- School of Engineering, Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Winterthur, Switzerland
- European Centre for Living Technology, Venice, Italy
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Chemistry Department, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Scheidegger
- School of Engineering, Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Winterthur, Switzerland
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9
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Lyu F, Huang S, Yan Z, He Q, Liu C, Cheng L, Cong Y, Chen K, Song Y, Xing Y. CircUGGT2 facilitates progression and cisplatin resistance of bladder cancer through nonhomologous end-joining pathway. Cell Signal 2024; 119:111164. [PMID: 38583745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The development of resistance to cisplatin (CDDP) in bladder cancer presents a notable obstacle, with indications pointing to the substantial role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in this resistance. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms through which circRNAs govern resistance are not yet fully understood. Our findings demonstrate that circUGGT2 is significantly upregulated in bladder cancer, facilitating cancer cell migration and invasion. Additionally, our analysis of eighty patient outcomes revealed a negative correlation between circUGGT2 expression levels and prognosis. Using circRNA pull-down assays, mass spectrometry analyses, and RNA Immunoprecipitation (RIP), it was shown that circUGGT2 interacts with the KU heterodimer, consisting of KU70 and KU80. Both KU70 and KU80 are critical components of the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway, which plays a role in CDDP resistance. Flow cytometry was utilized in this study to illustrate the impact of circUGGT2 on the sensitivity of bladder cancer cell lines to CDDP through its interaction with KU70 and KU80. Additionally, a reduction in the levels of DNA repair factors associated with the NHEJ pathway, such as KU70, KU80, DNA-PKcs, and XRCC4, was observed in chromatin of bladder cancer cells following circUGGT2 knockdown post-CDDP treatment, while the levels of DNA repair factors in total cellular proteins remained constant. Thus, the promotion of CDDP resistance by circUGGT2 is attributed to its facilitation of repair factor recruitment to DNA breaks via interaction with the KU heterodimer. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that knockdown of circUGGT2 resulted in reduced levels of γH2AX, a marker of DNA damage response, in CDDP-treated bladder cancer cells, implicating circUGGT2 in the NHEJ pathway for DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lyu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, NO.1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Sihuai Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, NO.34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Zhecheng Yan
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, NO.1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qingliu He
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, NO.1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, NO.1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lulin Cheng
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, NO.1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yukun Cong
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, NO.1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, NO.1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yarong Song
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, NO.1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China..
| | - Yifei Xing
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, NO.1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China..
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10
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Yuan Z, Yan R, Fu Z, Wu T, Ren C. Impact of physicochemical properties on biological effects of lipid nanoparticles: Are they completely safe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172240. [PMID: 38582114 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are promising materials and human-use approved excipients, with manifold applications in biomedicine. Researchers have tended to focus on improving the pharmacological efficiency and organ targeting of LNPs, while paid relatively less attention to the negative aspects created by their specific physicochemical properties. Here, we discuss the impacts of LNPs' physicochemical properties (size, surface hydrophobicity, surface charge, surface modification and lipid composition) on the adsorption-transportation-distribution-clearance processes and bio-nano interactions. In addition, since there is a lack of review emphasizing on toxicological profiles of LNPs, this review outlined immunogenicity, inflammation, hemolytic toxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by LNPs and the underlying mechanisms, with the aim to understand the properties that underlie the biological effects of these materials. This provides a basic strategy that increased efficacy of medical application with minimized side-effects can be achieved by modulating the physicochemical properties of LNPs. Therefore, addressing the effects of physicochemical properties on toxicity induced by LNPs is critical for understanding their environmental and health risks and will help clear the way for LNPs-based drugs to eventually fulfill their promise as a highly effective therapeutic agents for diverse diseases in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyu Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zuyi Fu
- College of Rehabilitation, Captital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Enze Biomass Fine Chemicals, College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Chaoxiu Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Yun HS, Kramp TR, Palanichamy K, Tofilon PJ, Camphausen K. MGMT inhibition regulates radioresponse in GBM, GSC, and melanoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12363. [PMID: 38811596 PMCID: PMC11136993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the standard treatment for glioblastoma (GBM), but the overall survival rate for radiotherapy treated GBM patients is poor. The use of adjuvant and concomitant temozolomide (TMZ) improves the outcome; however, the effectiveness of this treatment varies according to MGMT levels. Herein, we evaluated whether MGMT expression affected the radioresponse of human GBM, GBM stem-like cells (GSCs), and melanoma. Our results indicated a correlation between MGMT promoter methylation status and MGMT expression. MGMT-producing cell lines ACPK1, GBMJ1, A375, and MM415 displayed enhanced radiosensitivity when MGMT was silenced using siRNA or when inhibited by lomeguatrib, whereas the OSU61, NSC11, WM852, and WM266-4 cell lines, which do not normally produce MGMT, displayed reduced radiosensitivity when MGMT was overexpressed. Mechanistically lomeguatrib prolonged radiation-induced γH2AX retention in MGMT-producing cells without specific cell cycle changes, suggesting that lomeguatrib-induced radiosensitization in these cells is due to radiation-induced DNA double-stranded break (DSB) repair inhibition. The DNA-DSB repair inhibition resulted in cell death via mitotic catastrophe in MGMT-producing cells. Overall, our results demonstrate that MGMT expression regulates radioresponse in GBM, GSC, and melanoma, implying a role for MGMT as a target for radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shik Yun
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tamalee R Kramp
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kamalakannan Palanichamy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Philip J Tofilon
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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12
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Hayashi R, Okumura H, Isono M, Yamauchi M, Unami D, Lusi RT, Yamamoto M, Kato Y, Uchihara Y, Shibata A. Inhibition of intracellular ATP synthesis impairs the recruitment of homologous recombination factors after ionizing radiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2024; 65:263-271. [PMID: 38461549 PMCID: PMC11115441 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) are primarily repaired by non-homologous end joining or homologous recombination (HR) in human cells. DSB repair requires adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) for protein kinase activities in the multiple steps of DSB repair, such as DNA ligation, chromatin remodeling, and DNA damage signaling via protein kinase and ATPase activities. To investigate whether low ATP culture conditions affect the recruitment of repair proteins at DSB sites, IR-induced foci were examined in the presence of ATP synthesis inhibitors. We found that p53 binding protein 1 foci formation was modestly reduced under low ATP conditions after IR, although phosphorylated histone H2AX and mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 foci formation were not impaired. Next, we examined the foci formation of breast cancer susceptibility gene I (BRCA1), replication protein A (RPA) and radiation 51 (RAD51), which are HR factors, in G2 phase cells following IR. Interestingly, BRCA1 and RPA foci in the G2 phase were significantly reduced under low ATP conditions compared to that under normal culture conditions. Notably, RAD51 foci were drastically impaired under low ATP conditions. These results suggest that HR does not effectively progress under low ATP conditions; in particular, ATP shortages impair downstream steps in HR, such as RAD51 loading. Taken together, these results suggest that the maintenance of cellular ATP levels is critical for DNA damage response and HR progression after IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hayashi
- Division of Molecular Oncological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hikaru Okumura
- Division of Molecular Oncological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Mayu Isono
- Division of Molecular Oncological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Motohiro Yamauchi
- Hospital Campus Laboratory, Radioisotope Center, Central Institute of Radioisotope Science and Safety Management, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daiki Unami
- Division of Molecular Oncological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Rahmartani Tania Lusi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia – Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jl. Diponegoro No.71, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Masamichi Yamamoto
- Department of Research Promotion and Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Yu Kato
- Division of Molecular Oncological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yuki Uchihara
- Division of Molecular Oncological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shibata
- Division of Molecular Oncological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
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13
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Schumann S, Scherthan H, Hartrampf PE, Göring L, Buck AK, Port M, Lassmann M, Eberlein U. Modelling the In Vivo and Ex Vivo DNA Damage Response after Internal Irradiation of Blood from Patients with Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5493. [PMID: 38791531 PMCID: PMC11122196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This work reports on a model that describes patient-specific absorbed dose-dependent DNA damage response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of thyroid cancer patients during radioiodine therapy and compares the results with the ex vivo DNA damage response in these patients. Blood samples of 18 patients (nine time points up to 168 h post-administration) were analyzed for radiation-induced γ-H2AX + 53BP1 DNA double-strand break foci (RIF). A linear one-compartment model described the absorbed dose-dependent time course of RIF (Parameters: c characterizes DSB damage induction; k1 and k2 are rate constants describing fast and slow repair). The rate constants were compared to ex vivo repair rates. A total of 14 patient datasets could be analyzed; c ranged from 0.012 to 0.109 mGy-1, k2 from 0 to 0.04 h-1. On average, 96% of the damage is repaired quickly with k1 (range: 0.19-3.03 h-1). Two patient subgroups were distinguished by k1-values (n = 6, k1 > 1.1 h-1; n = 8, k1 < 0.6 h-1). A weak correlation with patient age was observed. While induction of RIF was similar among ex vivo and in vivo, the respective repair rates failed to correlate. The lack of correlation between in vivo and ex vivo repair rates and the applicability of the model to other therapies will be addressed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schumann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University of Ulm, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp E. Hartrampf
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Göring
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K. Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to the University of Ulm, 80937 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Lassmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Uta Eberlein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Wang P, Nie J, Li J, Ye C, Chen J, Zhang Z, Li B. VDRA downregulate β-catenin/Smad3 and DNA damage and repair associated with improved prognosis in ccRCC patients. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130405. [PMID: 38403213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) spotlighted the poorest survival, while chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) was associated with the best survival. Earlier studies corroborated vitamin D receptor (VDR) was a promising molecular for improving the prognosis of RCC. In contrast to VDRA, the one of VDR isoforms, VDRB1 (VDR isoform B1) has an N-terminal extension of 50 amino acids and is less ligand-dependent. However, the functional differences between VDRA and VDRB1, and their roles in the prognosis of ccRCC and chRCC, have not been investigated. In the present study, we uncovered that the transcripts related to vitamin D pathway and cellular calcium signaling were effectively decreased in the context of ccRCC, yet failed to exert a comparable effect within chRCC. Specially, minimally levels of VDRA wherein kidneys of patients suffering from ccRCC predict shorter survival time. In addition, the protein expressions for β-catenin/Smad3 pathway and DNA damage and repair pathways were obviously impeded in VDRA-overexpressed ccRCC cells, yet this inhibitory effect was conspicuously absent in enable VDRB1 cells. Our results provide a new idea to improve the prognosis of ccRCC via VDRA upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Caiyong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianwu Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Intelligent Imaging and Precision Radiotherapy for Tumors (Fujian Medical University), Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Zengli Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Bingyan Li
- Deparment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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15
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Chen Z, Wakabayashi H, Kuroda R, Mori H, Hiromasa T, Kayano D, Kinuya S. Radiation exposure lymphocyte damage assessed by γ-H2AX level using flow cytometry. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4339. [PMID: 38383619 PMCID: PMC10881581 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54986-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are considered the most relevant lesions to the DNA damage of ionizing radiation (IR), and γ-H2AX foci in peripheral blood lymphocytes are regarded as an adequate marker for DSB quantitative studies. This study aimed to investigate IR-induced DNA damage in mice through γ-H2AX fluorescence analyses by flow cytometry (FCM). The levels of γ-H2AX in CD4/CD8/B220-positive lymphocytes were quantified by FCM through mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected for evaluation, and all the control groups were restrained from irradiation. For external irradiation experiments, the dose-dependency of MFI values and temporal alternations were assessed both in vitro and in vivo. External radiation exposure damage was positively correlated with the absorbed radiation dose, and the lymphocyte recovered from damage within 3 days. I-131 sodium iodide solution (74 MBq) was injected into the mice intraperitoneally for internal irradiation experiments. Gamma counting and γH2AX foci analyses were performed at 1 h and 24 h by the group. The blood-to-blood S values (Sblood←blood) were applied for the blood-absorbed dose estimation. Internal low-dose-irradiation-induced damage was proved to recover within 24 h. The FCM method was found to be an effective way of quantitatively assessing IR-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqing Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wakabayashi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Rie Kuroda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mori
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tomo Hiromasa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Daiki Kayano
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Seigo Kinuya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
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16
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Pinto LM, Pailas A, Bondarchenko M, Sharma AB, Neumann K, Rizzo AJ, Jeanty C, Nicot N, Racca C, Graham MK, Naughton C, Liu Y, Chen CL, Meakin PJ, Gilbert N, Britton S, Meeker AK, Heaphy CM, Larminat F, Van Dyck E. DAXX promotes centromeric stability independently of ATRX by preventing the accumulation of R-loop-induced DNA double-stranded breaks. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:1136-1155. [PMID: 38038252 PMCID: PMC10853780 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining chromatin integrity at the repetitive non-coding DNA sequences underlying centromeres is crucial to prevent replicative stress, DNA breaks and genomic instability. The concerted action of transcriptional repressors, chromatin remodelling complexes and epigenetic factors controls transcription and chromatin structure in these regions. The histone chaperone complex ATRX/DAXX is involved in the establishment and maintenance of centromeric chromatin through the deposition of the histone variant H3.3. ATRX and DAXX have also evolved mutually-independent functions in transcription and chromatin dynamics. Here, using paediatric glioma and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor cell lines, we identify a novel ATRX-independent function for DAXX in promoting genome stability by preventing transcription-associated R-loop accumulation and DNA double-strand break formation at centromeres. This function of DAXX required its interaction with histone H3.3 but was independent of H3.3 deposition and did not reflect a role in the repression of centromeric transcription. DAXX depletion mobilized BRCA1 at centromeres, in line with BRCA1 role in counteracting centromeric R-loop accumulation. Our results provide novel insights into the mechanisms protecting the human genome from chromosomal instability, as well as potential perspectives in the treatment of cancers with DAXX alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia M Pinto
- DNA Repair and Chemoresistance Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Discovery & Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alexandros Pailas
- DNA Repair and Chemoresistance Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Max Bondarchenko
- DNA Repair and Chemoresistance Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Abhishek Bharadwaj Sharma
- DNA Repair and Chemoresistance Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Katrin Neumann
- DNA Repair and Chemoresistance Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anthony J Rizzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Céline Jeanty
- DNA Repair and Chemoresistance Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Nathalie Nicot
- Translational Medicine Operations Hub, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Carine Racca
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Mindy K Graham
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Catherine Naughton
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 1QY, UK
| | - Yaqun Liu
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3244, Dynamics of Genetic Information, Sorbonne Université, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Chun-Long Chen
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3244, Dynamics of Genetic Information, Sorbonne Université, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Paul J Meakin
- Discovery & Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nick Gilbert
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 1QY, UK
| | - Sébastien Britton
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Alan K Meeker
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Christopher M Heaphy
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Florence Larminat
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Eric Van Dyck
- DNA Repair and Chemoresistance Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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17
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Chaturvedi G, Sarusi-Portuguez A, Loza O, Shimoni-Sebag A, Yoron O, Lawrence YR, Zach L, Hakim O. Dose-Dependent Transcriptional Response to Ionizing Radiation Is Orchestrated with DNA Repair within the Nuclear Space. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:970. [PMID: 38256047 PMCID: PMC10815587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is commonly used to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) brain tumors. Ionizing radiation (IR) induces dose-specific variations in transcriptional programs, implicating that they are tightly regulated and critical components in the tumor response and survival. Yet, our understanding of the downstream molecular events triggered by effective vs. non-effective IR doses is limited. Herein, we report that variations in the genetic programs are positively and functionally correlated with the exposure to effective or non-effective IR doses. Genome architecture analysis revealed that gene regulation is spatially and temporally coordinated with DNA repair kinetics. The radiation-activated genes were pre-positioned in active sub-nuclear compartments and were upregulated following the DNA damage response, while the DNA repair activity shifted to the inactive heterochromatic spatial compartments. The IR dose affected the levels of DNA damage repair and transcription modulation, but not the order of the events, which was linked to their spatial nuclear positioning. Thus, the distinct coordinated temporal dynamics of DNA damage repair and transcription reprogramming in the active and inactive sub-nuclear compartments highlight the importance of high-order genome organization in synchronizing the molecular events following IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Chaturvedi
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Building 206, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (A.S.-P.)
| | - Avital Sarusi-Portuguez
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Building 206, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (A.S.-P.)
| | - Olga Loza
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Building 206, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (A.S.-P.)
| | - Ariel Shimoni-Sebag
- Institute of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262000, Israel; (A.S.-S.)
| | - Orly Yoron
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Building 206, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (A.S.-P.)
| | | | - Leor Zach
- Institute of Oncology, Tel Aviv Soraski Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel
| | - Ofir Hakim
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Building 206, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; (A.S.-P.)
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18
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Thuresson A, Brazina J, Akram T, Albrecht J, Dahl N, Soussi Zander C, Caldecott KW. Novel PNKP mutations associated with reduced DNA single-strand break repair and severe microcephaly, seizures, and developmental delay. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2295. [PMID: 37916443 PMCID: PMC10767416 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microcephaly with early-onset seizures (MCSZ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the DNA strand break repair protein, polynucleotide kinase 3'-phosphatase (PNKP). METHODS We have used whole genome sequencing and Sanger sequencing to identify disease-causing variants, followed by a minigene assay, Western blotting, alkaline comet assay, γH2AX, and ADP-ribose immunofluorescence. RESULTS Here, we describe a patient with compound heterozygous variants in PNKP, including a missense variant in the DNA phosphatase domain (T323M) and a novel splice acceptor site variant within the DNA kinase domain that we show leads to exon skipping. We show that primary fibroblasts derived from the patient exhibit greatly reduced levels of PNKP protein and reduced rates of DNA single-strand break repair, confirming that the mutated PNKP alleles are dysfunctional. CONCLUSION The data presented show that the detected compound heterozygous variants result in reduced levels of PNKP protein, which affect the repair of both oxidative and TOP1-induced single-strand breaks, and most likely causes MCSZ in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann‐Charlotte Thuresson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory UppsalaUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Jan Brazina
- Genome Damage and Stability CentreUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Talia Akram
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory UppsalaUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Present address:
Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and PhysiologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Niklas Dahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory UppsalaUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Cecilia Soussi Zander
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory UppsalaUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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Khazaei Monfared Y, Heidari P, Klempner SJ, Mahmood U, Parikh AR, Hong TS, Strickland MR, Esfahani SA. DNA Damage by Radiopharmaceuticals and Mechanisms of Cellular Repair. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2761. [PMID: 38140100 PMCID: PMC10748326 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA is an organic molecule that is highly vulnerable to chemical alterations and breaks caused by both internal and external factors. Cells possess complex and advanced mechanisms, including DNA repair, damage tolerance, cell cycle checkpoints, and cell death pathways, which together minimize the potentially harmful effects of DNA damage. However, in cancer cells, the normal DNA damage tolerance and response processes are disrupted or deregulated. This results in increased mutagenesis and genomic instability within the cancer cells, a known driver of cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. On the other hand, the inherent instability of the genome in rapidly dividing cancer cells can be exploited as a tool to kill by imposing DNA damage with radiopharmaceuticals. As the field of targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) is rapidly growing in oncology, it is crucial to have a deep understanding of the impact of systemic radiation delivery by radiopharmaceuticals on the DNA of tumors and healthy tissues. The distribution and activation of DNA damage and repair pathways caused by RPT can be different based on the characteristics of the radioisotope and molecular target. Here we provide a comprehensive discussion of the biological effects of RPTs, with the main focus on the role of varying radioisotopes in inducing direct and indirect DNA damage and activating DNA repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Khazaei Monfared
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
| | - Pedram Heidari
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
| | - Samuel J. Klempner
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.J.K.); (A.R.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Umar Mahmood
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
| | - Aparna R. Parikh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.J.K.); (A.R.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Theodore S. Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Matthew R. Strickland
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.J.K.); (A.R.P.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Shadi A. Esfahani
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (Y.K.M.); (P.H.); (U.M.)
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20
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Smoczer C, Park YK, Herrington JB, Askar MA, Plecha S, Krukonis E, Paurazas SB. A Potential Intracanal Medicament, 2-Hydroxyisocaproic Acid (HICA): Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity, and Its Effect on SCAP Differentiation. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:270. [PMID: 38132408 PMCID: PMC10743052 DOI: 10.3390/dj11120270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracanal medicaments with maximal antimicrobial efficacy and minimal damage to resident stem cells are essential for successful regenerative endodontic procedures. 2-Hydroxyisocaproic acid (HICA) could have the attributes of a potential intracanal medicament. This study evaluates its cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and effects on the odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation of the stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP). Cytotoxicity and cell viability assays were performed on cells treated for 24, 48, and 72 h with varying concentrations of HICA and compared to the standard intracanal medicament, calcium hydroxide. The genotoxicity was assessed via immunofluorescence for two markers of DNA double-strand breaks: phosphorylated γH2AX and 53BP1. The SCAP differentiation was evaluated based on the alkaline phosphatase activity, Alizarin Red staining, and expression of odontogenic and osteogenic genes (DSPP1, BSP1, OCN, RUNX2) in the presence of selected HICA concentrations. HICA was not cytotoxic at concentrations up to 10 mg/mL, regardless of the exposure time, although it was cytostatic at all tested concentrations. HICA was not genotoxic at concentrations below 5 mg/mL. No difference in cytotoxicity or genotoxicity was found between HICA and calcium hydroxide at 1 mg/mL. HICA retained about 70% of the osteogenic differentiation potential at 1 mg/mL. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, we show that HICA at 1 mg/mL could be a potential intracanal medicament for REPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristine Smoczer
- Division of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA; (C.S.); (S.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Yun K. Park
- Graduate Endodontics, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA (M.A.A.)
| | - James B. Herrington
- Graduate Endodontics, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA (M.A.A.)
| | - Mazin A. Askar
- Graduate Endodontics, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA (M.A.A.)
| | - Sarah Plecha
- Division of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA; (C.S.); (S.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Eric Krukonis
- Division of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA; (C.S.); (S.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Susan B. Paurazas
- Graduate Endodontics, University of Detroit Mercy School of Dentistry, Detroit, MI 48208, USA (M.A.A.)
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Gutu N, Binish N, Keilholz U, Herzel H, Granada AE. p53 and p21 dynamics encode single-cell DNA damage levels, fine-tuning proliferation and shaping population heterogeneity. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1196. [PMID: 38001355 PMCID: PMC10673849 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells must accurately and quickly detect DNA damage through a set of checkpoint mechanisms that enable repair and control proliferation. Heterogeneous levels of cellular stress and noisy signaling processes can lead to phenotypic variability but little is known about their role in underlying proliferation heterogeneity. Here we study two previously published single cell datasets and find that cells encode heterogeneous levels of endogenous and exogenous DNA damage to shape proliferation heterogeneity at the population level. Using a comprehensive time series analysis of short- and long-term signaling dynamics of p53 and p21, we show that DNA damage levels are quantitatively translated into p53 and p21 signal parameters in a gradual manner. Analyzing instantaneous proliferation and signaling differences among equally-radiated cells, we identify time-localized changes in the period of p53 pulses that drive cells out of a low proliferative state. Our findings suggest a novel role of the p53-p21 network in quantitatively encoding DNA damage strength and fine-tuning proliferation trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nica Gutu
- Charité Universitätsmedizin, Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Neha Binish
- Charité Universitätsmedizin, Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center for Neurology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keilholz
- Charité Universitätsmedizin, Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Deutschen Konsortiums für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanspeter Herzel
- Charité Universitätsmedizin, Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrián E Granada
- Charité Universitätsmedizin, Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium, Deutschen Konsortiums für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Berlin, Germany.
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22
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Park HB, Baek KH. Current and future directions of USP7 interactome in cancer study. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188992. [PMID: 37775071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is an essential protein quality controller for regulating protein homeostasis and autophagy. Ubiquitination is a protein modification process that involves the binding of one or more ubiquitins to substrates through a series of enzymatic processes. These include ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2), and ubiquitin ligases (E3). Conversely, deubiquitination is a reverse process that removes ubiquitin from substrates via deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). Dysregulation of ubiquitination-related enzymes can lead to various human diseases, including cancer, through the modulation of protein ubiquitination. The most structurally and functionally studied DUB is the ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7). Both the TRAF and UBL domains of USP7 are known to bind to the [P/A/E]-X-X-S or K-X-X-X-K motif of substrates. USP7 has been shown to be involved in cancer pathogenesis by binding with numerous substrates. Recently, a novel substrate of USP7 was discovered through a systemic analysis of its binding motif. This review summarizes the currently discovered substrates and cellular functions of USP7 in cancer and suggests putative substrates of USP7 through a comprehensive systemic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Beom Park
- Department of Convergence, CHA University, Gyeonggi-Do 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Convergence, CHA University, Gyeonggi-Do 13488, Republic of Korea; International Ubiquitin Center(,) CHA University, Gyeonggi-Do 13488, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Houlihan OA, Redmond K, Fairmichael C, Lyons CA, McGarry CK, Mitchell D, Cole A, O'Connor J, McMahon S, Irvine D, Hyland W, Hanna M, Prise KM, Hounsell AR, O'Sullivan JM, Jain S. A Randomized Feasibility Trial of Stereotactic Prostate Radiation Therapy With or Without Elective Nodal Irradiation in High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer (SPORT Trial). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:594-609. [PMID: 36893820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to establish the feasibility of a randomized clinical trial comparing SABR with prostate-only (P-SABR) or with prostate plus pelvic lymph nodes (PPN-SABR) in patients with unfavorable intermediate- or high-risk localized prostate cancer and to explore potential toxicity biomarkers. METHODS AND MATERIALS Thirty adult men with at least 1 of the following features were randomized 1:1 to P-SABR or PPN-SABR: clinical magnetic resonance imaging stage T3a N0 M0, Gleason score ≥7 (4+3), and prostate-specific antigen >20 ng/mL. P-SABR patients received 36.25 Gy/5 fractions/29 days, and PPN-SABR patients received 25 Gy/5 fractions to pelvic nodes, with the final cohort receiving a boost to the dominant intraprostatic lesion of 45 to 50 Gy. Phosphorylated gamma-H2AX (γH2AX) foci numbers, citrulline levels, and circulating lymphocyte counts were quantified. Acute toxicity information (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.03) was collected weekly at each treatment and at 6 weeks and 3 months. Physician-reported late Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) toxicity was recorded from 90 days to 36 months postcompletion of SABR. Patient-reported quality of life (Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite and International Prostate Symptom Score) scores were recorded with each toxicity time point. RESULTS The target recruitment was achieved, and treatment was successfully delivered in all patients. A total of 0% and 6.7% (P-SABR) and 6.7% and 20.0% (PPN-SABR) experienced acute grade ≥2 gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity, respectively. At 3 years, 6.7% and 6.7% (P-SABR) and 13.3% and 33.3% (PPN-SABR) had experienced late grade ≥2 GI and GU toxicity, respectively. One patient (PPN-SABR) had late grade 3 GU toxicity (cystitis and hematuria). No other grade ≥3 toxicity was observed. In addition, 33.3% and 60% (P-SABR) and 64.3% and 92.9% (PPN-SABR) experienced a minimally clinically important change in late Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite bowel and urinary summary scores, respectively. γH2AX foci numbers at 1 hour after the first fraction were significantly higher in the PPN-SABR arm compared with the P-SABR arm (P = .04). Patients with late grade ≥1 GI toxicity had significantly greater falls in circulating lymphocytes (12 weeks post-radiation therapy, P = .01) and a trend toward higher γH2AX foci numbers (P = .09) than patients with no late toxicity. Patients with late grade ≥1 bowel toxicity and late diarrhea experienced greater falls in citrulline levels (P = .05). CONCLUSIONS A randomized trial comparing P-SABR with PPN-SABR is feasible with acceptable toxicity. Correlations of γH2AX foci, lymphocyte counts, and citrulline levels with irradiated volume and toxicity suggest potential as predictive biomarkers. This study has informed a multicenter, randomized, phase 3 clinical trial in the United Kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla A Houlihan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
| | - Kelly Redmond
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Ciaran Fairmichael
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Ciara A Lyons
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Conor K McGarry
- Department of Radiotherapy Medical Physics, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Darren Mitchell
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Aidan Cole
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - John O'Connor
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Stephen McMahon
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Denise Irvine
- Department of Radiotherapy Medical Physics, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Wendy Hyland
- Department of Radiotherapy Medical Physics, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Michael Hanna
- Northern Ireland Cancer Trials Network, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Kevin M Prise
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Alan R Hounsell
- Department of Radiotherapy Medical Physics, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Joe M O'Sullivan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Suneil Jain
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland; Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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24
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Al-Ayoubi C, Alonso-Jauregui M, Azqueta A, Vignard J, Mirey G, Rocher O, Puel O, Oswald IP, Vettorazzi A, Soler L. Mutagenicity and genotoxicity assessment of the emerging mycotoxin Versicolorin A, an Aflatoxin B1 precursor. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122276. [PMID: 37517643 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most potent natural carcinogen among mycotoxins. Versicolorin A (VerA) is a precursor of AFB1 biosynthesis and is structurally related to the latter. Although VerA has already been identified as a genotoxin, data on the toxicity of VerA are still scarce, especially at low concentrations. The SOS/umu and miniaturised version of the Ames test in Salmonella Typhimurium strains used in the present study shows that VerA induces point mutations. This effect, like AFB1, depends primarily on metabolic activation of VerA. VerA also induced chromosomal damage in metabolically competent intestinal cells (IPEC-1) detected by the micronucleus assay. Furthermore, results from the standard and enzyme-modified comet assay confirmed the VerA-mediated DNA damage, and we observed that DNA repair pathways were activated upon exposure to VerA, as indicated by the phosphorylation and/or relocation of relevant DNA-repair biomarkers (γH2AX and 53BP1/FANCD2, respectively). In conclusion, VerA induces DNA damage without affecting cell viability at concentrations as low as 0.03 μM, highlighting the danger associated with VerA exposure and calling for more research on the carcinogenicity of this emerging food contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Al-Ayoubi
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Maria Alonso-Jauregui
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Research Group MITOX, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Research Group MITOX, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julien Vignard
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Gladys Mirey
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Ophelie Rocher
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Puel
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle P Oswald
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027, Toulouse, France
| | - Ariane Vettorazzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Research Group MITOX, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laura Soler
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), University of Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027, Toulouse, France.
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Li CH, Lim SH, Jeong YI, Ryu HH, Jung S. Synergistic Effects of Radiotherapy With JNK Inhibitor-Incorporated Nanoparticle in an Intracranial Lewis Lung Carcinoma Mouse Models. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2023; 22:845-854. [PMID: 37022021 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2023.3238687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiosurgery has been recognized as a reasonable treatment for metastatic brain tumors. Increasing the radiosensitivity and synergistic effects are possible ways to improve the therapeutic efficacy of specific regions of tumors. c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling regulates H2AX phosphorylation to repair radiation-induced DNA breakage. We previously showed that blocking JNK signaling influenced radiosensitivity in vitro and in an in vivo mouse tumor model. Drugs can be incorporated into nanoparticles to produce a slow-release effect. This study assessed JNK radiosensitivity following the slow release of the JNK inhibitor SP600125 from a poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (LGEsese) block copolymer in a brain tumor model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A LGEsese block copolymer was synthesized to fabricate SP600125-incorporated nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation and dialysis methods. The chemical structure of the LGEsese block copolymer was confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The physicochemical and morphological properties were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging and measured with particle size analyzer. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability to the JNK inhibitor was estimated by BBBflammaTM 440-dye-labeled SP600125. The effects of the JNK inhibitor were investigated using SP600125-incorporated nanoparticles and by optical bioluminescence, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and a survival assay in a mouse brain tumor model for Lewis lung cancer (LLC)-Fluc cells. DNA damage was estimated by histone γ H2AX expression and apoptosis was assessed by the immunohistochemical examination of cleaved caspase 3. RESULTS The SP600125-incorporated nanoparticles of the LGEsese block copolymer were spherical and released SP600125 continuously for 24h. The use of BBBflammaTM 440-dye-labeled SP600125 demonstrated the ability of SP600125 to cross the BBB. The blockade of JNK signaling with SP600125-incorporated nanoparticles significantly delayed mouse brain tumor growth and prolonged mouse survival after radiotherapy. γ H2AX, which mediates DNA repair protein, was reduced and the apoptotic protein cleaved-caspase 3 was increased by the combination of radiation and SP600125-incorporated nanoparticles.
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Fontaine M, Bartolami E, Prono M, Béal D, Blosi M, Costa AL, Ravagli C, Baldi G, Sprio S, Tampieri A, Fenoglio I, Tran L, Fadeel B, Carriere M. Nanomaterial genotoxicity evaluation using the high-throughput p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) assay. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288737. [PMID: 37713377 PMCID: PMC10503773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicity evaluation of engineered nanomaterials is challenging due to the ever increasing number of materials and because nanomaterials (NMs) frequently interfere with commonly used assays. Hence, there is a need for robust, high-throughput assays with which to assess their hazard potential. The present study aimed at evaluating the applicability of a genotoxicity assay based on the immunostaining and foci counting of the DNA repair protein 53BP1 (p53-binding protein 1), in a high-throughput format, for NM genotoxicity assessment. For benchmarking purposes, we first applied the assay to a set of eight known genotoxic agents, as well as X-ray irradiation (1 Gy). Then, a panel of NMs and nanobiomaterials (NBMs) was evaluated with respect to their impact on cell viability and genotoxicity, and to their potential to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The genotoxicity recorded using the 53BP1 assay was confirmed using the micronucleus assay, also scored via automated (high-throughput) microscopy. The 53BP1 assay successfully identified genotoxic compounds on the HCT116 human intestinal cell line. None of the tested NMs showed any genotoxicity using the 53BP1 assay, except the positive control consisting in (CoO)(NiO) NMs, while only TiO2 NMs showed positive outcome in the micronucleus assay. Only Fe3O4 NMs caused significant elevation of ROS, not correlated to DNA damage. Therefore, owing to its adequate predictivity of the genotoxicity of most of the tested benchmark substance and its ease of implementation in a high throughput format, the 53BP1 assay could be proposed as a complementary high-throughput screening genotoxicity assay, in the context of the development of New Approach Methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maelle Fontaine
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Eline Bartolami
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marion Prono
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - David Béal
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Magda Blosi
- National Research Council, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramic Materials ISSMC-CNR (Former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Anna L. Costa
- National Research Council, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramic Materials ISSMC-CNR (Former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Costanza Ravagli
- Ce.Ri.Col, Colorobbia Consulting S.R.L, Sovigliana-Vinci, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giovanni Baldi
- Ce.Ri.Col, Colorobbia Consulting S.R.L, Sovigliana-Vinci, Firenze, Italy
| | - Simone Sprio
- National Research Council, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramic Materials ISSMC-CNR (Former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- National Research Council, Institute of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramic Materials ISSMC-CNR (Former ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lang Tran
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Carriere
- CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES-CIBEST, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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27
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Zhang X, Chen X, Lu L, Fang Q, Liu C, Lin Z. Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of human MUS81-EME1/2 by FRET-based high-throughput screening. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 90:117383. [PMID: 37352577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The MUS81-EME1/2 structure-specific endonucleases play a crucial role in the processing of stalled replication forks and recombination intermediates, and have been recognized as an attractive drug target to potentiate the anti-cancer efficacy of DNA-damaging agents. Currently, no bioactive small-molecule inhibitors of MUS81 are available. Here, we performed a high-throughput small-molecule inhibitors screening, using the FRET-based DNA cleavage assay. From 7920 compounds, we identified dyngo-4a as a potent inhibitor of MUS81 complexes. Dyngo-4a effectively inhibits the endonuclease activities of both MUS81-EME1 and MUS81-EME2 complexes, with IC50 values of 0.57 μM and 2.90 μM, respectively. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) assays reveal that dyngo-4a directly binds to MUS81 complexes (KD ∼ 0.61 μM) and prevents them from binding to DNA substrates. In HeLa cells, dyngo-4a significantly suppresses bleomycin-triggered H2AX serine 139 phosphorylation (γH2AX). Together, our results demonstrate that dyngo-4a is a potent MUS81 inhibitor, which could be further developed as a potentially valuable chemical tool to explore more physiological roles of MUS81 in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xuening Chen
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Lian Lu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qianqian Fang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Chun Liu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhonghui Lin
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
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Huang M, Zhong F, Chen M, Hong L, Chen W, Abudukeremu X, She F, Chen Y. CEP55 as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target on gallbladder cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1156177. [PMID: 37274251 PMCID: PMC10232967 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1156177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly malignant biliary tumor with a poor prognosis. As existing therapies for advanced metastatic GBC are rarely effective, there is an urgent need to identify more effective targets for treatment. Methods Hub genes of GBC were identified by bioinformatics analysis and their expression in GBC was analyzed by tissue validation. The biological role of CEP55 in GBC cell and the underlying mechanism of the anticancer effect of CEP55 knockdown were evaluated via CCK8, colony formation assay, EDU staining, flow cytometry, western blot, immunofluorescence, and an alkaline comet assay. Results We screened out five hub genes of GBC, namely PLK1, CEP55, FANCI, NEK2 and PTTG1. CEP55 is not only overexpressed in the GBC but also correlated with advanced TNM stage, differentiation grade and poorer survival. After CEP55 knockdown, the proliferation of GBC cells was inhibited with cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and DNA damage. There was a marked increase in the apoptosis of GBC cells in the siCEP55 group. Besides, in vivo, CEP55 inhibition attenuated the growth and promoted apoptosis of GBC cells. Mechanically, the tumor suppressor effect of CEP55 knockdown is associated with dysregulation of the AKT and ERK signaling networks. Discussion These data not only demonstrate that CEP55 is identified as a potential independent predictor crucial to the diagnosis and prognosis of gallbladder cancer but also reveal the possibility for CEP55 to be used as a promising target in the treatment of GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maotuan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fuxiu Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Nursing, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingyuan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingju Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiahenazi Abudukeremu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feifei She
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Fujian Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Medical University Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Raskina O, Shklyar B, Nevo E. The Influence of Edaphic Factors on DNA Damage and Repair in Wild Wheat Triticum dicoccoides Körn. ( Poaceae, Triticeae). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6847. [PMID: 37047823 PMCID: PMC10094829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A complex DNA repair network maintains genome integrity and genetic stability. In this study, the influence of edaphic factors on DNA damage and repair in wild wheat Triticum dicoccoides was addressed. Plants inhabiting two abutting microsites with dry terra rossa and humid basalt soils were studied. The relative expression level of seven genes involved in DNA repair pathways-RAD51, BRCA1, LigIV, KU70, MLH1, MSH2, and MRE11-was assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Immunolocalization of RAD51, LigIV, γH2AX, RNA Polymerase II, and DNA-RNA hybrid [S9.6] (R-loops) in somatic interphase nuclei and metaphase chromosomes was carried out in parallel. The results showed a lower expression level of genes involved in DNA repair and a higher number of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in interphase nuclei in plants growing in terra rossa soil compared with plants in basalt soil. Further, the number of DSBs and R-loops in metaphase chromosomes was also greater in plants growing on terra rossa soil. Finally, RAD51 and LigIV foci on chromosomes indicate ongoing DSB repair during the M-phase via the Homologous Recombination and Non-Homologous End Joining pathways. Together, these results show the impact of edaphic factors on DNA damage and repair in the wheat genome adapted to contrasting environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Raskina
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Boris Shklyar
- Bioimaging Unit, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Eviatar Nevo
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
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Suzuki K, Imaoka T, Tomita M, Sasatani M, Doi K, Tanaka S, Kai M, Yamada Y, Kakinuma S. Molecular and cellular basis of the dose-rate-dependent adverse effects of radiation exposure in animal models. Part I: Mammary gland and digestive tract. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:210-227. [PMID: 36773323 PMCID: PMC10036108 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While epidemiological data are available for the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) for human populations, animal models have contributed significantly to providing quantitative data with mechanistic insights. The aim of the current review is to compile both the in vitro experiments with reference to the dose-rate effects of DNA damage and repair, and the animal studies, specific to rodents, with reference to the dose-rate effects of cancer development. In particular, the review focuses especially on the results pertaining to underlying biological mechanisms and discusses their possible involvement in the process of radiation-induced carcinogenesis. Because the concept of adverse outcome pathway (AOP) together with the key events has been considered as a clue to estimate radiation risks at low doses and low dose-rates, the review scrutinized the dose-rate dependency of the key events related to carcinogenesis, which enables us to unify the underlying critical mechanisms to establish a connection between animal experimental studies with human epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Suzuki
- Corresponding author. Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Atomic Bomb Disease Institute. 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan. Tel: +81-95-819-7116; Fax: +81-95-819-7117;
| | | | | | | | - Kazutaka Doi
- Department of Radiation Regulatory Science Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho-mura, Kamikita-gun, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kai
- Nippon Bunri University, 1727-162 Ichiki, Oita, Oita 870-0397, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Haque M, Shakil MS, Mahmud KM. The Promise of Nanoparticles-Based Radiotherapy in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061892. [PMID: 36980778 PMCID: PMC10047050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation has been utilized for a long time for the treatment of cancer patients. However, radiotherapy (RT) has many constraints, among which non-selectivity is the primary one. The implementation of nanoparticles (NPs) with RT not only localizes radiation in targeted tissue but also provides significant tumoricidal effect(s) compared to radiation alone. NPs can be functionalized with both biomolecules and therapeutic agents, and their combination significantly reduces the side effects of RT. NP-based RT destroys cancer cells through multiple mechanisms, including ROS generation, which in turn damages DNA and other cellular organelles, inhibiting of the DNA double-strand damage-repair system, obstructing of the cell cycle, regulating of the tumor microenvironment, and killing of cancer stem cells. Furthermore, such combined treatments overcome radioresistance and drug resistance to chemotherapy. Additionally, NP-based RT in combined treatments have shown synergistic therapeutic benefit(s) and enhanced the therapeutic window. Furthermore, a combination of phototherapy, i.e., photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy with NP-based RT, not only reduces phototoxicity but also offers excellent therapeutic benefits. Moreover, using NPs with RT has shown promise in cancer treatment and shown excellent therapeutic outcomes in clinical trials. Therefore, extensive research in this field will pave the way toward improved RT in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munima Haque
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Salman Shakil
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Mustafa Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
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Sadowsky SJ. Peri-implantitis after 40 years: Evidence, mechanisms, and implications: A mapping review. J Prosthet Dent 2023:S0022-3913(23)00114-2. [PMID: 36935269 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The high prevalence of peri-implantitis (PI) continues to plague patients and the disease is resistant to present treatment regimens. An analysis of the available research is lacking. PURPOSE Given the abundance and diversity of research on the topic of PI, the purpose of this mapping review was to synthesize the literature on the prevention of PI, the histopathology of the disease, the state of present therapeutics, and any emerging treatments. MATERIAL AND METHODS An extensive literature search was undertaken by using the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The keyword strings were peri-implantitis, dental implant, risk assessment, histopathology, prosthesis design, and treatment. The filters applied were time interval from 2000 to 2002; language, English. RESULTS A total of 3635 articles were taken from PubMed, 3686 articles from Web of Science, and 2450 articles from Science Direct. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria to the titles and abstracts of selected investigations, 214 studies were retrieved. CONCLUSIONS The evidence reflects a concerning incidence of PI, without a predictable treatment protocol. An in-depth patient risk assessment considering risk modification, emphasis on surgical and restorative expertise, and strict recall and maintenance is essential to minimize PI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Sadowsky
- Professor, Preventive and Restorative Department, University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, Calif.
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Zhang Q, Yang L, Gao H, Kuang X, Xiao H, Yang C, Cheng Y, Zhang L, Guo X, Zhong Y, Li M. APE1 promotes non-homologous end joining by initiating DNA double-strand break formation and decreasing ubiquitination of artemis following oxidative genotoxic stress. J Transl Med 2023; 21:183. [PMID: 36894994 PMCID: PMC9997026 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) imparts radio-resistance by repairing isolated lesions via the base excision repair (BER) pathway, but whether and how it is involved in the formation and/or repair of DSBs remains mostly unknown. METHODS Immunoblotting, fluorescent immunostaining, and the Comet assay were used to investigate the effect of APE1 on temporal DSB formation. Chromatin extraction, 53BP1 foci and co-immunoprecipitation, and rescue assays were used to evaluate non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair and APE1 effects. Colony formation, micronuclei measurements, flow cytometry, and xenograft models were used to examine the effect of APE1 expression on survival and synergistic lethality. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect APE1 and Artemis expression in cervical tumor tissues. RESULTS APE1 is upregulated in cervical tumor tissue compared to paired peri-tumor, and elevated APE1 expression is associated with radio-resistance. APE1 mediates resistance to oxidative genotoxic stress by activating NHEJ repair. APE1, via its endonuclease activity, initiates clustered lesion conversion to DSBs (within 1 h), promoting the activation of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), a key kinase in the DNA damage response (DDR) and NHEJ pathway. APE1 then participates in NHEJ repair directly by interacting with DNA- PKcs. Additionally, APE1 promotes NHEJ activity by decreasing the ubiquitination and degradation of Artemis, a nuclease with a critical role in the NHEJ pathway. Overall, APE1 deficiency leads to DSB accumulation at a late phase following oxidative stress (after 24 h), which also triggers activation of Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), another key kinase of the DDR. Inhibition of ATM activity significantly promotes synergistic lethality with oxidative stress in APE1-deficient cells and tumors. CONCLUSION APE1 promotes NHEJ repair by temporally regulating DBS formation and repair following oxidative stress. This knowledge provides new insights into the design of combinatorial therapies and indicates the timing of administration and maintenance of DDR inhibitors for overcoming radio-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Lujie Yang
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Han Gao
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Xunjie Kuang
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - He Xiao
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Yong Zhong
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Cancer Center of Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China.
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Kurihara M, Mano T, Eto F, Yao I, Sato K, Ohtomo G, Bannai T, Shibata S, Ishiura H, Ikemura M, Matsubara T, Morishima M, Saito Y, Murayama S, Toda T, Setou M, Iwata A. Proteomic profile of nuclei containing p62-positive inclusions in a patient with neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 177:105989. [PMID: 36621630 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.105989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by eosinophilic hyaline intranuclear inclusions in the neurons, glial cells, and other somatic cells. Although CGG repeat expansions in NOTCH2NLC have been identified in most East Asian patients with NIID, the pathophysiology of NIID remains unclear. Ubiquitin- and p62-positive intranuclear inclusions are the pathological hallmark of NIID. Targeted immunostaining studies have identified several other proteins present in these inclusions. However, the global molecular changes within nuclei with these inclusions remained unclear. Herein, we analyzed the proteomic profile of nuclei with p62-positive inclusions in a NIID patient with CGG repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC to discover candidate proteins involved in the NIID pathophysiology. We used fluorescence-activated cell sorting and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify each protein identified in the nuclei with p62-positive inclusions. The distribution of increased proteins was confirmed via immunofluorescence in autopsy brain samples from three patients with genetically confirmed NIID. Overall, 526 proteins were identified, of which 243 were consistently quantified using MS. A 1.4-fold increase was consistently observed for 20 proteins in nuclei with p62-positive inclusions compared to those without. Fifteen proteins identified with medium or high confidence in the LC-MS/MS analysis were further evaluated. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed enrichment of several terms, including poly(A) RNA binding, nucleosomal DNA binding, and protein binding. Immunofluorescence studies confirmed that the fluorescent intensities of increased RNA-binding proteins identified by proteomic analysis, namely hnRNP A2/B1, hnRNP A3, and hnRNP C1/C2, were higher in the nuclei with p62-positive inclusions than in those without, which were not confined to the intranuclear inclusions. We identified several increased proteins in nuclei with p62-positive inclusions. Although larger studies are needed to validate our results, these proteomic data may form the basis for understanding the pathophysiology of NIID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Kurihara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Mano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Eto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy and International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ikuko Yao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy and International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan; Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Sato
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo. Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gaku Ohtomo
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Bannai
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Shibata
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Ikemura
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Matsubara
- Department of Neuropathology (the Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maho Morishima
- Department of Neuropathology (the Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Saito
- Department of Neuropathology (the Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neuropathology (the Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan; Brain Bank for Neurodevelopmental, Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Anatomy and International Mass Imaging Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwata
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
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Liu X, Wang L, Liang CH, Lu YP, Yang T, Zhang X. An enhanced methodology for predicting protein-protein interactions between human and hepatitis C virus via ensemble learning algorithms. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10592-10602. [PMID: 34251992 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1946429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is responsible for a variety of human life-threatening diseases, which include liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) . Computational study of protein-protein interactions between human and HCV could boost the findings of antiviral drugs in HCV therapy and might optimize the treatment procedures for HCV infections. In this analysis, we constructed a prediction model for protein-protein interactions between HCV and human by incorporating the features generated by pseudo amino acid compositions, which were then carried out at two levels: categories and features. In brief, extra-tree was initially used for feature selection while SVM was then used to build the classification model. After that, the most suitable models for each category and each feature were selected by comparing with the three ensemble learning algorithms, that is, Random Forest, Adaboost, and Xgboost. According to our results, profile-based features were more suitable for building predictive models among the four categories. AUC value of the model constructed by Xgboost algorithm on independent data set could reach 92.66%. Moreover, Distance-based Residue, Physicochemical Distance Transformation and Profile-based Physicochemical Distance Transformation performed much better among the 17 features. AUC value of the Adaboost classifier constructed by Profile-based Physicochemical Distance Transformation on the independent dataset achieved 93.74%. Taken together, we proposed a better model with improved prediction capacity for protein-protein interactions between human and HCV in this study, which could provide practical reference for further experimental investigation into HCV-related diseases in future.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Liang
- School of Life Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Ping Lu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Repurposing Antimalarial Pyronaridine as a DNA Repair Inhibitor to Exploit the Full Potential of Gold-Nanoparticle-Mediated Radiation Response. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122795. [PMID: 36559288 PMCID: PMC9783290 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is frequently used to locally treat tumors. One of the major issues in RT is normal tissue toxicity; thus, it is necessary to limit dose escalation for enhanced local control in patients that have locally advanced tumors. Integrating radiosensitizing agents such as gold nanoparticles (GNPs) into RT has been shown to greatly increase the cure rate of solid tumors. The objective of this study was to explore the repurposing of an antimalarial drug, pyronaridine (PYD), as a DNA repair inhibitor to further enhance RT/GNP-induced DNA damage in cancerous cell lines. We were able to achieve inhibitory effects of DNA repair due to PYD at 500 nM concentration. Our results show a significant enhancement in DNA double-strand breaks of 42% in HeLa cells treated with PYD/GNP/RT in comparison to GNP/RT alone when irradiated with a dose of 2 Gy. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in cellular proliferation for both HeLa and HCT-116 irradiated cells with the combined treatment of PYD/GNP/RT. Therefore, the emergence of promising novel concepts introduced in this study could lay the foundation for the transition of this treatment modality into clinical environments.
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Oxidative-Stress-Associated Proteostasis Disturbances and Increased DNA Damage in the Hippocampal Granule Cells of the Ts65Dn Model of Down Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122438. [PMID: 36552646 PMCID: PMC9774833 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the neuropathological mechanisms responsible for the deficits in cognition and neuronal function in Down syndrome (DS). The Ts65Dn (TS) mouse replicates multiple DS phenotypes including hippocampal-dependent learning and memory deficits and similar brain oxidative status. To better understand the hippocampal oxidative profile in the adult TS mouse, we analyzed cellular OS-associated alterations in hippocampal granule cells (GCs), a neuronal population that plays an important role in memory formation and that is particularly affected in DS. For this purpose, we used biochemical, molecular, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopy techniques. Our results indicate that TS GCs show important OS-associated alterations in the systems essential for neuronal homeostasis: DNA damage response and proteostasis, particularly of the proteasome and lysosomal system. Specifically, TS GCs showed: (i) increased DNA damage, (ii) reorganization of nuclear proteolytic factories accompanied by a decline in proteasome activity and cytoplasmic aggregation of ubiquitinated proteins, (iii) formation of lysosomal-related structures containing lipid droplets of cytotoxic peroxidation products, and (iv) mitochondrial ultrastructural defects. These alterations could be implicated in enhanced cellular senescence, accelerated aging and neurodegeneration, and the early development of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology present in TS mice and the DS population.
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Huang W, Li Y, Du Y, Pan L, Huang Y, Liu H, Zhao Y, Shi Y, Ruan YL, Dong Z, Jin W. Maize cytosolic invertase INVAN6 ensures faithful meiotic progression under heat stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:2172-2188. [PMID: 36104957 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Faithful meiotic progression ensures the generation of viable gametes. Studies suggested the male meiosis of plants is sensitive to ambient temperature, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we characterized a maize (Zea mays ssp. mays L.) dominant male sterile mutant Mei025, in which the meiotic process of pollen mother cells (PMCs) was arrested after pachytene. An Asp-to-Asn replacement at position 276 of INVERTASE ALKALINE NEUTRAL 6 (INVAN6), a cytosolic invertase (CIN) that predominantly exists in PMCs and specifically hydrolyses sucrose, was revealed to cause meiotic defects in Mei025. INVAN6 interacts with itself as well as with four other CINs and seven 14-3-3 proteins. Although INVAN6Mei025 , the variant of INVAN6 found in Mei025, lacks hydrolytic activity entirely, its presence is deleterious to male meiosis, possibly in a dominant negative repression manner through interacting with its partner proteins. Notably, heat stress aggravated meiotic defects in invan6 null mutant. Further transcriptome data suggest INVAN6 has a fundamental role for sugar homeostasis and stress tolerance of male meiocytes. In summary, this work uncovered the function of maize CIN in male meiosis and revealed the role of CIN-mediated sugar metabolism and signalling in meiotic progression under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lingling Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yumin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunlu Shi
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yong-Ling Ruan
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Zhaobin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
- Fresh Corn Research Center of BTH, College of Agronomy & Resources and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
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Bobyk L, Vianna F, Martinez JS, Gruel G, Benderitter M, Baldeyron C. Differential Recruitment of DNA Repair Proteins KU70/80 and RAD51 upon Microbeam Irradiation with α-Particles. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1652. [PMID: 36421365 PMCID: PMC9687314 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
In addition to representing a significant part of the natural background radiation exposure, α-particles are thought to be a powerful tool for targeted radiotherapy treatments. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of recognition, signaling, and repair of α-particle-induced DNA damage is not only important in assessing the risk associated with human exposure, but can also potentially help in identifying ways of improving the efficacy of radiation treatment. α-particles (He2+ ions), as well as other types of ionizing radiation, and can cause a wide variety of DNA lesions, including DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In mammalian cells, DNA DSBs can be repaired by two major pathways: non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). Here, we investigated their dynamics in mouse NIH-3T3 cells through the recruitment of key proteins, such as the KU heterodimer for NHEJ and RAD51 for HR upon localized α-particle irradiation. To deliver α-particles, we used the MIRCOM microbeam, which allows targeting of subnuclear structures with submicron accuracy. Using mouse NIH-3T3 cells, we found that the KU heterodimer is recruited much earlier at DNA damage sites marked by H2AX phosphorylation than RAD51. We also observed that the difference in the response of the KU complex and RAD51 is not only in terms of time, but also in function of the chromatin nature. The use of a microbeam such as MIRCOM, represents a powerful tool to study more precisely the cellular response to ionizing irradiation in a spatiotemporal fashion at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Bobyk
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine Régénérative (SERAMED), Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des Expositions Accidentelles (LRAcc), F-92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - François Vianna
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, Service de Recherches en Dosimétrie (SDOS), Laboratoire de Micro-Irradiation, de Métrologie et de Dosimétrie des Neutrons (LMDN), F-13115 Cadarache, France
| | - Juan S. Martinez
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine Régénérative (SERAMED), Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des Expositions Accidentelles (LRAcc), F-92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Gaëtan Gruel
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine Régénérative (SERAMED), Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des Expositions Accidentelles (LRAcc), F-92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Marc Benderitter
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, F-92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Céline Baldeyron
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, Service de Recherche en Radiobiologie et en Médecine Régénérative (SERAMED), Laboratoire de Radiobiologie des Expositions Accidentelles (LRAcc), F-92262 Fontenay aux Roses, France
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Pan Y, Zong Q, Li G, Wu Z, Du T, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Ma K. Nuclear localization of alpha-synuclein affects the cognitive and motor behavior of mice by inducing DNA damage and abnormal cell cycle of hippocampal neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1015881. [PMID: 36438187 PMCID: PMC9684191 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1015881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in neurons can promote neurotoxicity, which is considered the key factor in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathy. The damage to hippocampus neurons driven by α-syn pathology is also the potential cause of memory impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. In this study, we examined the role of α-syn nuclear translocation in the cognition and motor ability of mice by overexpressing α-syn in cell nuclei in the hippocampus. The results showed that the overexpression of α-syn in nuclei was able to cause significant pathological accumulation of α-syn in the hippocampus, and quickly lead to memory and motor impairments in mice. It might be that nuclear overexpression of α-syn may cause DNA damage of hippocampal neurons, thereby leading to activation and abnormal blocking of cell cycle, and further inducing apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and inflammatory reaction. Meanwhile, the inflammatory reaction further aggravated DNA damage and formed a vicious circle. Therefore, the excessive nuclear translocation of α-syn in hippocampal neurons may be one of the main reasons for cognitive decline in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhangqiong Huang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Kaili Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
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Uchida H, Ingalls MH, Maruyama EO, Johnston CJ, Hernady E, Faustoferri RC, Ovitt CE. Short-term and bystander effects of radiation on murine submandibular glands. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049570. [PMID: 36263624 PMCID: PMC9683099 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients treated for head and neck cancers experience salivary gland hypofunction due to radiation damage. Understanding the mechanisms of cellular damage induced by radiation treatment is important in order to design methods of radioprotection. In addition, it is crucial to recognize the indirect effects of irradiation and the systemic responses that may alter saliva secretion. In this study, radiation was delivered to murine submandibular glands (SMGs) bilaterally, using a 137Cs gamma ray irradiator, or unilaterally, using a small-animal radiation research platform (SARRP). Analysis at 3, 24 and 48 h showed dynamic changes in mRNA and protein expression in SMGs irradiated bilaterally. Unilateral irradiation using the SARRP caused similar changes in the irradiated SMGs, as well as significant off-target, bystander effects in the non-irradiated contralateral SMGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Uchida
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Matthew H. Ingalls
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Eri O. Maruyama
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Carl J. Johnston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Eric Hernady
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Roberta C. Faustoferri
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Catherine E. Ovitt
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642USA
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PCAF Accelerates Vascular Senescence via the Hippo Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1200602. [PMID: 36246398 PMCID: PMC9560818 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1200602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
P300/CBP-Associated Factor (PCAF), one of the histone acetyltransferases (HATs), is known to be involved in cell growth and/or differentiation. PCAF is reported to be involved in atherosclerotic plaques and neointimal formation. However, its role in cellular senescence remains undefined. We investigated the potential mechanism for PCAF-mediated cellular senescence. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis showed PCAF was distinctly increased in the endothelia of aorta in aged mice. Palmitate acid (PA) or X radiation significantly induced the expression of senescence-associated markers and PCAF in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). PCAF silence in PA-treated HUVECs significantly rescued senescence-associated phenotypes, while PCAF overexpression accelerated it. Additionally, our results showed that Yes1 Associated Transcriptional Regulator (YAP) that acts as end effector of the Hippo signaling pathway is crucial in PCAF-mediated endothelial senescence. YAP activity declining was observed in aged vascular endothelia. Overexpression of YAP partially ameliorated PCAF-induced endothelial senescence. In vivo, endothelial-(EC-) specific PCAF downregulation in aged mice using adeno-associated virus revealed less vascular senescence-associated phenotypes. These results suggested that PCAF mediated endothelial senescence through the Hippo signaling pathway, implying that PCAF may become a potential target for the prevention and treatment of vascular aging.
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Li Y, Huang Y, Sun H, Wang T, Ru W, Pan L, Zhao X, Dong Z, Huang W, Jin W. Heat shock protein 101 contributes to the thermotolerance of male meiosis in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3702-3717. [PMID: 35758611 PMCID: PMC9516056 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
High temperatures interfere with meiotic recombination and the subsequent progression of meiosis in plants, but few genes involved in meiotic thermotolerance have been characterized. Here, we characterize a maize (Zea mays) classic dominant male-sterile mutant Ms42, which has defects in pairing and synapsis of homologous chromosomes and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. Ms42 encodes a member of the heat shock protein family, HSP101, which accumulates in pollen mother cells. Analysis of the dominant Ms42 mutant and hsp101 null mutants reveals that HSP101 functions in RADIATION SENSITIVE 51 loading, DSB repair, and subsequent meiosis. Consistent with these functions, overexpression of Hsp101 in anthers results in robust microspores with enhanced heat tolerance. These results demonstrate that HSP101 mediates thermotolerance during microsporogenesis, shedding light on the genetic basis underlying the adaptation of male meiocytes to high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yumin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huayue Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lingling Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaobin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Author for correspondence: (W.H.), (W.J.)
| | - Weiwei Jin
- Author for correspondence: (W.H.), (W.J.)
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Shibata A. Carbon ion radiation and clustered DNA double-strand breaks. Enzymes 2022; 51:117-130. [PMID: 36336405 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A carbon ion categorized as a heavy ion particle has been used for cancer radiotherapy. High linear energy transfer (LET) carbon ion irradiation deposits energy at a high density along a particle track, generating multiple types of DNA damage. Complex DNA lesions, comprising DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), single-strand breaks, and base damage within 1-2 helical turns (<3-4nm), are thought to be difficult to repair and critically influence cell viability. In addition to the effect of lesion complexity, the most recent studies have demonstrated another characteristic of high LET particle radiation-induced DNA damage, clustered DSBs. Clustered DSBs are defined as the formation of multiple DSBs in close proximity where the scale of clustering is approximately 1-2μm3, i.e., the scale of the event is estimated to be > ∼1Mbp. This chapter reviews the hallmarks of clustered DSBs and how such DNA damage influences genome instability and cell viability in the context of high LET carbon ion radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shibata
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, GIAR, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.
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Liu X, Kifle MT, Xie H, Xu L, Luo M, Li Y, Huang Z, Gong Y, Wu Y, Xie C. Biomineralized Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles Synergistically Relieve Tumor Hypoxia and Activate Immune Response with Radiotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12183138. [PMID: 36144927 PMCID: PMC9501587 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is currently considered as an essential treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); it can induce cell death directly and indirectly via promoting systemic immune responses. However, there still exist obstacles that affect the efficacy of RT such as tumor hypoxia and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, we report that the biomineralized manganese oxide nanoparticles (Bio-MnO2 NPs) prepared by mild enzymatic reaction could be a promising candidate to synergistically enhance RT and RT-induced immune responses by relieving tumor hypoxia and activating cGAS-STING pathway. Bio-MnO2 NPs could convert endogenic H2O2 to O2 and catalyze the generation of reactive oxygen species so as to sensitize the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells. Meanwhile, the release of Mn2+ into the TME significantly enhanced the cGAS-STING activity to activate radio-immune responses, boosting immunogenic cell death and increasing cytotoxic T cell infiltration. Collectively, this work presents the great promise of TME reversal with Bio-MnO2 NPs to collaborate RT-induced antitumor immune responses in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Meron Tsegay Kifle
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongxin Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Liexi Xu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Maoling Luo
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yangyi Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhengrong Huang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.X.)
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.X.)
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (Y.W.); (C.X.)
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Abu Shqair A, Lee US, Kim EH. Computational modelling of γ-H2AX foci formation in human cells induced by alpha particle exposure. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14360. [PMID: 35999233 PMCID: PMC9399106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In cellular experiments, radiation-induced DNA damage can be quantified by counting the number of γ-H2AX foci in cell nucleus by using an immunofluorescence microscope. Quantification of DNA damage carries uncertainty, not only due to lack of full understanding the biological processes but also limitations in measurement techniques. The causes of limited certainty include the possibility of expressing foci in varying sizes responding individual DSBs and the overlapping of foci on the two-dimensional (2D) immunofluorescence microscopy image of γ-H2AX foci, especially when produced due to high-LET radiation exposure. There have been discussions on those limitations, but no successful studies to overcome them. In this paper, a practical modelling has been developed to simulate the occurrences of double-strand breaks (DSBs) and the formations of γ-H2AX foci in response to individual DSB formations, in cell nucleus due to exposure to alpha particles. Cell irradiation and DSB production were simulated using a user-written code that utilizes Geant4-DNA physics models. A C + + code was used to simulate the formation γ-H2AX foci, which were spatially correlated to the loci of DBSs, and to calculate the number of individual foci from the observed 2D image of the cell nucleus containing the overlapping γ-H2AX foci. The average size of focal images was larger from alpha particle exposure than that from X-ray exposure, whereas the number of separate focal images were comparable except at doses up to 0.5 Gy. About 40% of separate focal images consisted of overlapping γ-H2AX foci at 1 Gy of alpha particle exposure. The foci overlapping ratios were obtained by simulation for individual size groups of focal images at varying doses. The size distributions of foci at varying doses were determined with experimentally obtained separate focal images. The correction factor for foci number was calculated using the foci overlapping ratio and foci size distribution, which are specific to dose from alpha particle exposure. The number of individual foci formations induced by applying the correction factor to the experimentally observed number of focal images better reflected the quality of alpha particles in causing DNA damage. Consequently, the conventional γ-H2AX assay can be better implemented by employing this computational modelling of γ-H2AX foci formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abu Shqair
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui-Seob Lee
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Muñoz-Díaz E, Sáez-Vásquez J. Nuclear dynamics: Formation of bodies and trafficking in plant nuclei. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:984163. [PMID: 36082296 PMCID: PMC9445803 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.984163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The existence of the nucleus distinguishes prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Apart from containing most of the genetic material, the nucleus possesses several nuclear bodies composed of protein and RNA molecules. The nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane, regulating the trafficking of molecules in- and outwards. Here, we investigate the composition and function of the different plant nuclear bodies and molecular clues involved in nuclear trafficking. The behavior of the nucleolus, Cajal bodies, dicing bodies, nuclear speckles, cyclophilin-containing bodies, photobodies and DNA damage foci is analyzed in response to different abiotic stresses. Furthermore, we research the literature to collect the different protein localization signals that rule nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. These signals include the different types of nuclear localization signals (NLSs) for nuclear import, and the nuclear export signals (NESs) for nuclear export. In contrast to these unidirectional-movement signals, the existence of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling signals (NSSs) allows bidirectional movement through the nuclear envelope. Likewise, nucleolar signals are also described, which mainly include the nucleolar localization signals (NoLSs) controlling nucleolar import. In contrast, few examples of nucleolar export signals, called nucleoplasmic localization signals (NpLSs) or nucleolar export signals (NoESs), have been reported. The existence of consensus sequences for these localization signals led to the generation of prediction tools, allowing the detection of these signals from an amino acid sequence. Additionally, the effect of high temperatures as well as different post-translational modifications in nuclear and nucleolar import and export is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Muñoz-Díaz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
| | - Julio Sáez-Vásquez
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
- Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR 5096, Perpignan, France
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Averbeck NB, Barent C, Jakob B, Syzonenko T, Durante M, Taucher-Scholz G. The Ubiquitin Ligase RNF138 Cooperates with CtIP to Stimulate Resection of Complex DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Human G1-Phase Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162561. [PMID: 36010636 PMCID: PMC9406464 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) represent the molecular origin of ionizing-radiation inflicted biological effects. An increase in the ionization density causes more complex, clustered DSBs that can be processed by resection also in G1 phase, where repair of resected DSBs is considered erroneous and may contribute to the increased biological effectiveness of heavy ions in radiotherapy. To investigate the resection regulation of complex DSBs, we exposed G1 cells depleted for different candidate factors to heavy ions or α-particle radiation. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to monitor the resection marker RPA, the DSB marker γH2AX and the cell-cycle markers CENP-F and geminin. The Fucci system allowed to select G1 cells, cell survival was measured by clonogenic assay. We show that in G1 phase the ubiquitin ligase RNF138 functions in resection regulation. RNF138 ubiquitinates the resection factor CtIP in a radiation-dependent manner to allow its DSB recruitment in G1 cells. At complex DSBs, RNF138′s participation becomes more relevant, consistent with the observation that also resection is more frequent at these DSBs. Furthermore, deficiency of RNF138 affects both DSB repair and cell survival upon induction of complex DSBs. We conclude that RNF138 is a regulator of resection that is influenced by DSB complexity and can affect the quality of DSB repair in G1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole B. Averbeck
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Carina Barent
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Burkhard Jakob
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 11, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tatyana Syzonenko
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marco Durante
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6–8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gisela Taucher-Scholz
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 11, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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A novel visible light-curing chitosan-based hydrogel membrane for Guided Tissue Regeneration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 218:112760. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Danforth JM, Provencher L, Goodarzi AA. Chromatin and the Cellular Response to Particle Radiation-Induced Oxidative and Clustered DNA Damage. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:910440. [PMID: 35912116 PMCID: PMC9326100 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.910440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental ionizing radiation is prevalent, with greatest lifetime doses typically from high Linear Energy Transfer (high-LET) alpha particles via the radioactive decay of radon gas in indoor air. Particle radiation is highly genotoxic, inducing DNA damage including oxidative base lesions and DNA double strand breaks. Due to the ionization density of high-LET radiation, the consequent damage is highly clustered wherein ≥2 distinct DNA lesions occur within 1–2 helical turns of one another. These multiply-damaged sites are difficult for eukaryotic cells to resolve either quickly or accurately, resulting in the persistence of DNA damage and/or the accumulation of mutations at a greater rate per absorbed dose, relative to lower LET radiation types. The proximity of the same and different types of DNA lesions to one another is challenging for DNA repair processes, with diverse pathways often confounding or interplaying with one another in complex ways. In this context, understanding the state of the higher order chromatin compaction and arrangements is essential, as it influences the density of damage produced by high-LET radiation and regulates the recruitment and activity of DNA repair factors. This review will summarize the latest research exploring the processes by which clustered DNA damage sites are induced, detected, and repaired in the context of chromatin.
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