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Szentkereszty M, Ladányi A, Gálffy G, Tóvári J, Losonczy G. Density of tumor-infiltrating NK and Treg cells is associated with 5 years progression-free and overall survival in resected lung adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer 2024; 192:107824. [PMID: 38761665 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2024.107824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Surgical resection of pulmonary adenocarcinoma is considered to be curative but progression-free survival (PFS) has remained highly variable. Antitumor immune response may be important, however, the prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating natural killer (NK) and regulatory T (Treg) lymphocytes is uncertain. Resected pulmonary adenocarcinoma tissues (n = 115) were studied by immunohistochemical detection of NKp46 and FoxP3 positivity to identify NK and Treg cells, respectively. Association of cell densities with clinicopathological features and progression-free survival (PFS) as well as overall survival (OS) were analyzed with a follow-up time of 60 months. Both types of immune cells were accumulated predominantly in tumor stroma. NK cell density showed association with female gender, non-smoking and KRAS wild-type status. According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, PFS and OS proved to be longer in patients with high NK or Treg cell densities (p = 0.0293 and p = 0.0375 for PFS, p = 0.0310 and p = 0.0448 for OS, respectively). Evaluating the prognostic effect of the combination of NK and Treg cell density values revealed that PFS and OS were significantly longer in NKhigh/Treghigh cases compared to the other groups combined (p = 0.0223 and p = 0.0325, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that high NK cell density was independent predictor of longer PFS while high NK and high Treg cell densities both proved significant predictors of longer OS. The NKhigh/Treghigh combination also proved to be an independent prognostic factor for both PFS and OS. In conclusion, NK and Treg cells can be components of the innate and adaptive immune response at action against progression of pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Szentkereszty
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University Clinical Center, Budapest, Hungary; Tumor Pathology Center, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Ladányi
- Tumor Pathology Center, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Gálffy
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University Clinical Center, Budapest, Hungary; Pulmonology Hospital of Törökbálint, Törökbálint, Hungary
| | - József Tóvári
- National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Losonczy
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University Clinical Center, Budapest, Hungary.
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Padonou F, Vanhulst T, Langouo-Fontsa MD. Can we yet use tertiary lymphoid structures as predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy response in melanoma? Curr Opin Oncol 2024; 36:63-68. [PMID: 38441065 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we explore the potential of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) as predictive biomarkers in the response to immunotherapy for melanoma patients. RECENT FINDINGS The significance of TLS as indicators predicting immunotherapy response becomes particularly pronounced. Melanoma, renowned for its aggressive characteristics, has undergone revolutionary transformations in treatment through immunotherapeutic interventions. Investigations have unveiled a compelling correlation between the presence of TLS in the melanoma tumor microenvironment and favorable responses to immunotherapy. These responses, characterized by heightened survival rates and improved clinical outcomes, imply that TLS might be pivotal in tailoring more efficient and personalized treatments for individuals with melanoma. The ongoing discourse regarding TLS as a predictive biomarker underscores the need for a meticulous examination of its potential in guiding clinical decisions and optimizing therapeutic strategies. SUMMARY TLS show great promises as potential biomarkers to melanoma patient's outcomes in ICI treatment; however, more studies are needed to understand their mechanisms of actions and the long-term impact of their functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Padonou
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (Anderlecht), Belgium
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Salgado MTSF, Silva MCS, Fratelli C, Braga ARC, Lopes TBG, Ferreira E, da Silva ILD, Paiva LSD, Votto APDS. Bioactive C-phycocyanin exerts immunomodulatory and antitumor activity in mice with induced melanoma. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 484:116874. [PMID: 38428464 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive and deadly skin cancer. The difficulty in its treatment arises from its ability to suppress the immune system, making it crucial to find a substance that increases anti-tumor immunity. C-phycocyanin (C-PC) appears as a promising bioactive, with multifaceted effects against several cancers, but its efficacy against melanoma has only been tested in vitro. Therefore, we investigated C-PC's the anti-tumor and immunomodulatory action in a murine melanoma model. The tumor was subcutaneously induced in C57BL/6 mice by injecting B16F10 cells. The animals were injected subcutaneously with C-PC for three consecutive days. After euthanasia, the tumor was weighed and measured. The inguinal lymph node was removed, and the cells were stained with antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. The heart, brain and lung were analyzed by histopathology. C-PC increased the B cell population of the inguinal lymph node in percentage and absolute number. The absolute number of T lymphocytes and myeloid cells were also increased in the groups treated with C-PC. Thus, C-PC showed a positive immunomodulatory effect both animals with and without tumor. However, this effect was more pronounced in the presence of the tumor. Positive immune system modulation may be associated with a reduction in tumor growth in animals treated with C-PC. Administration of C-PC subcutaneously did not cause organ damage. Our findings demonstrate C-PC's immunomodulatory and anti-melanoma action, paving the way for clinical research with this bioactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Teixeira Santos Figueiredo Salgado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, ICB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Cultura Celular, ICB, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Cristini Sebastião Silva
- Laboratório de Imunorregulação, Departamento de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camilly Fratelli
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Enio Ferreira
- Laboratório do Comportamento Celular, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Istefani Luciene Dayse da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Souza de Paiva
- Laboratório de Imunorregulação, Departamento de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Souza Votto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, ICB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Cultura Celular, ICB, FURG, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Ma S, Wu X, Wu Z, Zhao Q. Treatment-prognostication-adjustment a new therapeutic idea by analyzing T cell immune checkpoint in tumor microenvironment by algorithm: A bibliometric analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2269788. [PMID: 37905399 PMCID: PMC10760387 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2269788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the temporal and spatial distribution of the knowledge network about tumor microenvironment and prognoses and explore new research hot spots and trends. Articles and reviews on tumor microenvironment and prognoses in the Web of Science journal from January 1999 to April 2022 were included. We used the CiteSpace and VOSviewer software to analyze the knowledge network composed of journals, institutions, countries, authors, and keywords. Frontiers in Immunology, Cancers, and Frontiers in Oncology have published more than 10% of articles in this field. China and the United States have contributed the most articles. Fudan University and Sun Yat-Sen University are the most active institutions. The authors in this field work closely; Zhang Wei and Douglas have made outstanding contributions. The three main research areas of tumor microenvironment and prognoses are microenvironment, prognosis, and immunotherapy. Until 2020, the main keywords were endothelial growth factor and adhesion. In the past three years, survival analysis, immune cell infiltration, and prediction model have been used. It can be seen that the focus in this field has shifted from tumor cell behavior and directly related molecules to prognosis prediction and non-tumor cells in the microenvironment. The future research trend may be to study the changes in the tumor microenvironment to predict the prognosis and guide the treatment. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Microsoft Excel 2019 were used to conduct a comprehensive visual analysis of the research on tumor environment and prognoses and provide valuable reference materials for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of spine surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongguang Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The People’s Hospital of Liuzhou City, Guangxi, P. R. China
- Department of Hematology, The Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
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Giotakis AI, Runge A, Dudas J, Glueckert R, Gottfried T, Schartinger VH, Klarer J, Randhawa A, Caimmi E, Riechelmann H. Analysis of cells of epithelial, connective tissue and immune differentiation in HPV-positive-, HPV-negative oropharyngeal carcinoma and normal oropharyngeal tissue by immunofluorescence multiplex image cytometry: a preliminary report. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1154. [PMID: 38012597 PMCID: PMC10683252 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial, connective tissue and immune cells contribute in various ways to the pathophysiology of HPV positive (HPV+) and HPV negative (HPV-) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). We aimed to investigate the abundance of these cell lineages and their coexpression patterns in patients with HPV + and HPV- OPSCC. METHODS We used a 4-channel immunofluorescence-microscopy technique for the simultaneous detection of three direct-conjugated antibodies (pancytokeratin, vimentin and CD45/CD18) and DAPI (4',6-Diamidin-2-phenylindole) in formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples (FFPE) of patients with HPV + and HPV- OPSCC, and of control patients. Image acquisition and analysis were performed with TissueFAXS and StrataQuest (TissueGnostics, Vienna, Austria), respectively, in tumor cell clusters/stroma in OPSCC specimens and epithelial layer/lamina propria in control specimens. Cell populations were created based on antibodies' coexpression patterns. Isotype and positive controls were examined for plausibility. RESULTS The proportion of cells of epithelial differentiation in tumor cell clusters was higher in HPV + OPSCC (55%) than in HPV- OPSCC samples (44%). The proportion of connective tissue cells in tumor cell cluster was lower in HPV + OPSCC patients (18%) than in HPV- OPSCC patients (26%). The proportion of immune cells in tumor cell clusters was higher in HPV + OPSCC patients (25%) than in HPV- OPSCC patients (18%). The percentage of anaplastic, potentially de-differentiated cells, was 2% in control patients, and it was higher in HPV- OPSCC (21%) than in HPV + OPSCC samples (6%). CONCLUSIONS This study provided the first quantitative data for the abundance of cells of epithelial, connective tissue and immune differentiation, in patients with OPSCC and control patients. The abundance of these different crucial cell populations was consistently originating from the same tissue sample. De-differentiation of tumor cells was higher in HPV- OPSCC than in HPV + OPSCC. In tumor cells clusters, the antitumoral host immune response was higher in HPV + OPSCC than in HPV- OPSCC, whereas the fibroblast response was higher in HPV- OPSCC than in HPV + OPSCC. This study contributed to the understanding of histopathologic differences between HPV + OPSCC and HPV- OPSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aris I Giotakis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Annette Runge
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
| | - József Dudas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Rudolf Glueckert
- University Clinics Innsbruck, Tirol Kliniken, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Timo Gottfried
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Volker H Schartinger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Johanna Klarer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Avneet Randhawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Eleonora Caimmi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Herbert Riechelmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
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Wimmer K, Sachet M, Ramos C, Frantal S, Birnleitner H, Brostjan C, Exner R, Filipits M, Bago-Horvath Z, Rudas M, Bartsch R, Gnant M, Singer CF, Balic M, Egle D, Oehler R, Fitzal F. Differential immunomodulatory effects of epirubicin/cyclophosphamide and docetaxel in breast cancer patients. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:300. [PMID: 37957750 PMCID: PMC10644559 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epirubicin/cyclophosphamide (EC) and docetaxel (D) are commonly used in a sequential regimen in the neoadjuvant treatment of early, high-risk or locally advanced breast cancer (BC). Novel approaches to increase the response rate combine this treatment with immunotherapies such as PD-1 inhibition. However, the expected stimulatory effect on lymphocytes may depend on the chemotherapy backbone. Therefore, we separately compared the immunomodulatory effects of EC and D in the setting of a randomized clinical trial. METHODS Tumor and blood samples of 154 patients from the ABCSG-34 trial were available (76 patients received four cycles of EC followed by four cycles of D; 78 patients get the reverse treatment sequence). Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, circulating lymphocytes and 14 soluble immune mediators were determined at baseline and at drug change. Furthermore, six BC cell lines were treated with E, C or D and co-cultured with immune cells. RESULTS Initial treatment with four cycles of EC reduced circulating B and T cells by 94% and 45%, respectively. In contrast, no comparable effects on lymphocytes were observed in patients treated with initial four cycles of D. Most immune mediators decreased under EC whereas D-treatment resulted in elevated levels of CXCL10, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its soluble receptor (suPAR). Accordingly, only the exposure of BC cell lines to D induced similar increases as compared to E. While treatment of BC cells with E was associated with cell shrinkage and apoptosis, D induced cell swelling and accumulation of cells in G2 phase. CONCLUSION The deleterious effect of EC on lymphocytes indicates strong immunosuppressive properties of this combination therapy. D, in contrast, has no effect on lymphocytes, but triggers the secretion of stimulatory proteins in vivo and in vitro, indicating a supportive effect on the immune system. Underlying differences in the induced cell death might be causal. These divergent immunomodulatory effects of epirubicin/cyclophosphamide and docetaxel should be considered when planning future combinations with immunotherapies in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Wimmer
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Breast & Colorectal Cancer Study Group (ABCSG), Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Sachet
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cristiano Ramos
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophie Frantal
- Austrian Breast & Colorectal Cancer Study Group (ABCSG), Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanna Birnleitner
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Brostjan
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruth Exner
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Filipits
- Austrian Breast & Colorectal Cancer Study Group (ABCSG), Vienna, Austria
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsuzsanna Bago-Horvath
- Austrian Breast & Colorectal Cancer Study Group (ABCSG), Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margaretha Rudas
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Bartsch
- Austrian Breast & Colorectal Cancer Study Group (ABCSG), Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine 1, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Gnant
- Austrian Breast & Colorectal Cancer Study Group (ABCSG), Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian F Singer
- Austrian Breast & Colorectal Cancer Study Group (ABCSG), Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marija Balic
- Austrian Breast & Colorectal Cancer Study Group (ABCSG), Vienna, Austria
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Egle
- Austrian Breast & Colorectal Cancer Study Group (ABCSG), Vienna, Austria
- Department of Gynecology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rudolf Oehler
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Austrian Breast & Colorectal Cancer Study Group (ABCSG), Vienna, Austria.
| | - Florian Fitzal
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Breast & Colorectal Cancer Study Group (ABCSG), Vienna, Austria
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Chen L, Lin J, Wen Y, Chen Y, Chen CB. Development and validation of a model based on immunogenic cell death related genes to predict the prognosis and immune response to bladder urothelial carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1291720. [PMID: 38023241 PMCID: PMC10676223 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1291720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunogenic cell death (ICD) has been categorized as a variant of regulated cell death that is capable of inducing an adaptive immune response. A growing body of evidence has indicated that ICD can modify the tumor immune microenvironment by releasing danger signals or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), potentially enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy. Consequently, the identification of biomarkers associated with ICD that can classify patients based on their potential response to ICD immunotherapy would be highly advantageous. Therefore the goal of the study is to better understand and identify what patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) will respond to immunotherapy by analyzing ICD signatures and investigate ICD-related prognostic factors in the context of BLCA. Methods The data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases regarding BLCA and normal samples was categorized based on ICD-related genes (IRGs). Specifically, we conducted an immunohistochemical (IHC) experiment to validate the expression levels of Calreticulin (CALR) in both tumor and adjacent tissues, and evaluated its prognostic significance using the Kaplan-Meier (KM) curve. Subsequently, the samples from TCGA were divided into two subtypes using consensus clustering. To obtain a more comprehensive comprehension of the biological functions, we utilized Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The calculation of immune landscape between two subtypes was performed through ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT. Risk models were constructed using Cox and Lasso regression and their prognosis predictive ability was evaluated using nomogram, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and calibration curves. Finally, Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) algorithms was utilized to predict the response to immunotherapy. Results A total of 34 IRGs were identified, with most of them exhibiting upregulation in BLCA samples. The expression of CALR was notably higher in BLCA compared to the adjacent tissue, and this increase was associated with an unfavorable prognosis. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with ICD were linked to various immune-related pathways. The ICD-high subtypes exhibited an immune-activated tumor microenvironment (TME) compared to the ICD-low subtypes. Utilizing three IRGs including CALR, IFNB1, and IFNG, a risk model was developed to categorize BLCA patients into high- and low-risk groups. The overall survival (OS) was considerably greater in the low-risk group compared to the high-risk group, as evidenced by both the TCGA and GEO cohorts. The risk score was identified as an independent prognostic parameter (all p < 0.001). Our model demonstrated good predictive ability (The area under the ROC curve (AUC), AUC1-year= 0.632, AUC3-year= 0.637, and AUC5-year =0.653). Ultimately, the lower risk score was associated with a more responsive immunotherapy group. Conclusion The potential of the ICD-based risk signature to function as a marker for evaluating the prognosis and immune landscape in BLCA suggests its usefulness in identifying the suitable population for effective immunotherapy against BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiexiang Lin
- The Shengli Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yaoming Wen
- Drug Development, Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chuan-ben Chen
- Cancer Bio-immunotherapy Center, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Ru B, Hu J, Zhang N, Wan Q. A novel metabolism-related gene signature in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16335. [PMID: 38025761 PMCID: PMC10640845 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a global challenge as it is the sixth most common neoplasm worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. A key feature of HCC is abnormal metabolism, which promotes cancer cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis. However, the significance of metabolism-related genes (MRGs) in HCC remains to be elucidated. Here, we aim to establish a novel metabolism-related prognostic signature for the prediction of patient outcomes and to investigate the value of MRG expression in the prognostic prediction of HCC. In our research, a Metabolism-Related Risk Score (MRRS) model was constructed using 14 MRGs (DLAT, SEPHS1, ACADS, UCK2, GOT2, ADH4, LDHA, ME1, TXNRD1, B4GALT2, AK2, PTDSS2, CSAD, and AMD1). The Kaplan-Meier curve confirmed that the MRRS has a high accuracy in predicting the prognosis of HCC patients (p < 0.001). According to the MRRS model, the area under the curve (AUC) values for predicting the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma at 1, 3, and 5 years reached 0.829, 0.760, and 0.739, respectively. Functional analyses revealed that signaling pathways associated with the cell cycle were largely enriched by differential genes between high and low-risk groups. In addition, dendritic cells (DCs) (p < 0.001), CD4+ T cells (p < 0.01), CD8+ T cells (p < 0.001), B cells (p < 0.001), neutrophils (p < 0.001), macrophages (p < 0.001) had a higher proportion of infiltrates in high-risk populations. Low GOT2 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Knockdown of GOT2 significantly increased the migration capacity of the Huh7 and MHCC97H hepatocellular carcinoma lines. Our research reveals that GOT2 is negatively related to the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and GOT2 may contribute to tumor progression by inhibiting the ability of tumor cells to migrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ru
- Department of Pain Management, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- Department of Pain Management, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Pain Management, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quan Wan
- Department of Pain Management, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Ockfen E, Filali L, Pereira Fernandes D, Hoffmann C, Thomas C. Actin cytoskeleton remodeling at the cancer cell side of the immunological synapse: good, bad, or both? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1276602. [PMID: 37869010 PMCID: PMC10585106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1276602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CLs), specifically cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, are indispensable guardians of the immune system and orchestrate the recognition and elimination of cancer cells. Upon encountering a cancer cell, CLs establish a specialized cellular junction, known as the immunological synapse that stands as a pivotal determinant for effective cell killing. Extensive research has focused on the presynaptic side of the immunological synapse and elucidated the multiple functions of the CL actin cytoskeleton in synapse formation, organization, regulatory signaling, and lytic activity. In contrast, the postsynaptic (cancer cell) counterpart has remained relatively unexplored. Nevertheless, both indirect and direct evidence has begun to illuminate the significant and profound consequences of cytoskeletal changes within cancer cells on the outcome of the lytic immunological synapse. Here, we explore the understudied role of the cancer cell actin cytoskeleton in modulating the immune response within the immunological synapse. We shed light on the intricate interplay between actin dynamics and the evasion mechanisms employed by cancer cells, thus providing potential routes for future research and envisioning therapeutic interventions targeting the postsynaptic side of the immunological synapse in the realm of cancer immunotherapy. This review article highlights the importance of actin dynamics within the immunological synapse between cytotoxic lymphocytes and cancer cells focusing on the less-explored postsynaptic side of the synapse. It presents emerging evidence that actin dynamics in cancer cells can critically influence the outcome of cytotoxic lymphocyte interactions with cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ockfen
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Liza Filali
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Diogo Pereira Fernandes
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Céline Hoffmann
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Clément Thomas
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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10
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Zou X, Guan C, Gao J, Shi W, Cui Y, Zhong X. Tertiary lymphoid structures in pancreatic cancer: a new target for immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1222719. [PMID: 37529035 PMCID: PMC10388371 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is extremely malignant and shows limited response to available immunotherapies due to the hypoxic and immunosuppressive nature of its tumor microenvironment (TME). The aggregation of immune cells (B cells, T cells, dendritic cells, etc.), which is induced in various chronic inflammatory settings such as infection, inflammation, and tumors, is known as the tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS). Several studies have shown that TLSs can be found in both intra- and peritumor tissues of PC. The role of TLSs in peritumor tissues in tumors remains unclear, though intratumoral TLSs are known to play an active role in a variety of tumors, including PC. The formation of intratumoral TLSs in PC is associated with a good prognosis. In addition, TLSs can be used as an indicator to assess the effectiveness of treatment. Targeted induction of TLS formation may become a new avenue of immunotherapy for PC. This review summarizes the formation, characteristics, relevant clinical outcomes, and clinical applications of TLSs in the pancreatic TME. We aim to provide new ideas for future immunotherapy of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Zou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiary Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Canghai Guan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiary Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianjun Gao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiary Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wujiang Shi
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiary Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiary Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhong
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiary Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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11
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Wang MD, Xiang H, Hong TY, Mierxiati A, Yan FH, Zhang L, Wang C. Integrated analysis of intratumoral biomarker and tumor-associated macrophage to improve the prognosis prediction in cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:593. [PMID: 37370037 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of effective and accurate predictive indicators remains a major bottleneck for the improvement of the prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatitis B virus X (HBx) has been widely suggested as a critical pathogenic protein for HBV-driven liver carcinogenesis, while tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration is also closely related to the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC. However, few studies have determined whether combining HBx expression with TAM populations could increase the accuracy of prognostic prediction for HBV-related HCC. METHODS The study cohort enrolling 251 patients with HBV-related HCC was randomly split into a training and a validation group (ratio 1:1). The expression levels of HBx and TAM marker CD68 in HCC samples were detected by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox regression and Harrell's concordance index (C-index) analysis were conducted to evaluate the prognostic significance of these indicators alone or in combination. RESULTS The expression level of HBx was strongly correlated with CD68+ TAM infiltration in HCC tissues. Elevated HBx or CD68 expression indicated poorer overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) after hepatectomy, and both of them were independent risk factors for postoperative survival. Meanwhile, patients with both high HBx and CD68 levels had worst clinical outcomes. Moreover, integrating HBx and CD68 expression with clinical indicators (tumor size and micro-vascular invasion) showed the best prognostic potential with highest C-index value for survival predictivity, and this proposed model also performed better than several conventional classifications of HCC. CONCLUSION Combining the expression of intratumoral HBx, CD68+ TAM population and clinical variables could enable better prognostication for HBV-related HCC after hepatectomy, thus providing novel insights into developing more effective clinical prediction model based on both molecular phenotypes and tumor-immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Da Wang
- Shanghai Health Commission Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence-Based Management of Inflammation and Chronic Diseases, Gongli Hospital, Navy Medical University, 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai, 200135, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hao Xiang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Tian-Yu Hong
- Shanghai Health Commission Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence-Based Management of Inflammation and Chronic Diseases, Gongli Hospital, Navy Medical University, 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Abudurexiti Mierxiati
- Shanghai Health Commission Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence-Based Management of Inflammation and Chronic Diseases, Gongli Hospital, Navy Medical University, 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Fei-Hu Yan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan, 610000, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Shanghai Health Commission Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence-Based Management of Inflammation and Chronic Diseases, Gongli Hospital, Navy Medical University, 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai, 200135, China.
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Gongli Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200135, China.
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12
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Zhou M, Mao M, Yang F, Zhou T, Zhou L, Li Y. LncRNA AL161431.1 predicts prognosis and drug response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1134456. [PMID: 37397383 PMCID: PMC10313201 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1134456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as essential players in various biological processes due to their interactions with DNA, RNA, and protein. Emerging studies have demonstrated lncRNAs as prognostic biomarkers in multiple cancers. However, the prognostic effect of lncRNA AL161431.1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients has not been reported. Methods In the present study, we conducted a series of analyses to identify and validate the prognostic value of lncRNA AL161431.1 in HNSCC, which included differential lncRNAs screening, survival analysis, Cox regression analysis, time ROCanalysis, nomogram prediction, enrichment analysis, tumor infiltration of immune cells, drug sensitivity analysis, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results In this study, we performed a comprehensive survival and predictive analysis and demonstrated that AL161431.1 was an independent prognostic factor of HNSCC, for which a high AL161431.1 level indicated poor survival in HNSCC. Functional enrichment analyses found that cell growth and immune-related pathways were significantly enriched in HNSCC, suggesting that AL161431.1 may play a role in tumor development and tumor microenvironment (TME). AL161431.1-related immune cells infiltration analysis demonstrated that AL161431.1 expression is significantly positively associated with M0 macrophages in HNSCC (P<0.001). Using "OncoPredict", we recognized chemotherapy drugs sensitive to the high expression group. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to identify the expression level of AL161431.1 in HNSCC, and the results further validated our findings. Conclusions Our findings suggest that AL161431.1 is a reliable prognostic marker for HNSCC and can potentially be an effective therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyu Mao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liuqing Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuncheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wauchope BA, Coventry BJ, Roder DM. Increased Early Cancer Diagnosis: Unveiling Immune-Cancer Biology to Explain Clinical "Overdiagnosis". Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041139. [PMID: 36831482 PMCID: PMC9953985 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though clinically small 'early' cancers represent many millions of cells biologically, when removed surgically, these often never recur or regrow, nor reduce the individual's lifespan. However, some early cancers remain quiescent and indolent; while others grow and metastasize, threatening life. Distinguishing between these different clinical behaviours using clinical/pathological criteria is currently problematic. It is reported that many suspicious lesions and early cancers are being removed surgically that would not threaten the patient's life. This has been termed 'overdiagnosis', especially in the sphere of cancer screening. Although a controversial and emotive topic, it poses clinical and public health policy challenges. The diagnostic differentiation between 'non-lethal' and 'lethal' tumor forms is generally impossible. One perspective gathering evidential support is that a dynamic balance exists between the immune response and malignant processes governing 'lethality', where many more cancers are produced than become clinically significant due to the immune system preventing their progression. Higher medical screening "diagnosis" rates may reflect lead-time effects, with more 'non-progressing' cancers detected when an early immune-cancer interaction is occurring. We present a model for this immune-cancer interaction and review 'excess' or 'overdiagnosis' claims that accompany increasingly sensitive diagnostic and screening technologies. We consider that immune tools should be incorporated into future research, with potential for immune system modulation for some early cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A. Wauchope
- Molechecks Australia, 1284 South Road, Clovelly Park 5042, Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Brendon J. Coventry
- Discipline of Surgery, Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5005, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - David M. Roder
- Cancer Epidemiology and Population Health, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
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Bai Q, He X, Hu T. Pan‑cancer analysis of the deoxyribonuclease gene family. Mol Clin Oncol 2023; 18:19. [PMID: 36798465 PMCID: PMC9926046 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2023.2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxyribonuclease (DNase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of phosphodiester bonds in the main chain of DNA to degrade DNA. DNase serves a vital role in several immune-related diseases. The present study linked the expression of DNase with overall survival (OS), performed pan-cancer co-expression analysis, and assessed the association between DNase and immune infiltration subtypes, tumor microenvironment and drug sensitivity through pan-cancer studies. Furthermore, gene expression data and clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Next, through a series of bioinformatics analyses, DNase expression and survival, immune subtypes, tumor microenvironment and drug sensitivity in 33 tumor types were systematically studied. The expression of the DNase gene family was shown to have an apparent intratumoral heterogeneity. The expression of DNase 2, lysosomal (DNASE2) was the highest in tumors, whereas that of DNASE2 β was the lowest. DNase 1-like 3 (DNASE1L3) was mainly downregulated in tumors, whereas the rest of the DNases were mainly upregulated in tumors. The expression of DNase family members was also found to be associated with the OS rate of patients. DNase family genes may serve an essential role in the tumor microenvironment. DNase family gene expression was related to the content of cytotoxic cells, Immunescore, Stromalscore, Estimatescore and Tumorpurity. The present study also revealed that the DNase genes may be involved in the drug resistance of cancer cells. Finally, the correlation between DNase, and clinical stage and tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was studied. In addition, the difference in DNASE1L3 expression between HCC and adjacent normal tissues, and the relationship between DNASE1L3 expression and clinical stage was verified by analyzing three groups in a Gene Expression Omnibus dataset and by performing immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, the present study assessed DNase gene expression, analyzed its relationship with patient OS, performed pan-cancer co-expression analysis, and assessed the association between DNase and immune infiltration subtypes, tumor microenvironment and drug sensitivity. The present study also confirmed the value of further laboratory research on DNases and their prospects in clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Bai
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow Clinic and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité University Medicine, D-13353 Berlin, Germany,Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Qingquan Bai, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow Clinic and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Tianhui Hu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Qingquan Bai, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow Clinic and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Baroja-Mazo A, Peñín-Franch A, Lucas-Ruiz F, de Torre-Minguela C, Alarcón-Vila C, Hernández-Caselles T, Pelegrín P. P2X7 receptor activation impairs antitumour activity of natural killer cells. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:111-128. [PMID: 36098250 PMCID: PMC10092446 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A high number of intratumoural infiltrating natural killer (NK) cells is associated with better survival in several types of cancer, constituting an important first line of defence against tumours. Hypoxia in the core of solid tumours induces cellular stress and ATP release into the extracellular space where it triggers purinergic receptor activation on tumour-associated immune cells. The aim of this study was to assess whether activation of the purinergic receptor P2X7 by extracellular ATP plays a role in the NK cells antitumour activity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We carried out in vitro experiments using purified human NK cells triggered through P2X7 by extracellular ATP. NK cell killing activity against the tumour target cells K562 was studied by means of NK cytotoxicity assays. Likewise, we designed a subcutaneous solid tumour in vivo mouse model. KEY RESULTS In this study we found that human NK cells, expressing a functional plasma membrane P2X7, acquired an anergic state after ATP treatment, which impaired their antitumour activity and decreased IFN-γ secretion. This effect was reversed by specific P2X7 antagonists and pretreatment with either IL-2 or IL-15. Furthermore, genetic P2rx7 knockdown resulted in improved control of tumour size by NK cells. In addition, IL-2 therapy restored the ability of NK cells to diminish the size of tumours. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results show that P2X7 activation represents a new mechanism whereby NK cells may lose antitumour effectiveness, opening the possibility of generating modified NK cells lacking P2X7 but with improved antitumour capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Baroja-Mazo
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Peñín-Franch
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Lucas-Ruiz
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos de Torre-Minguela
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina Alarcón-Vila
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Trinidad Hernández-Caselles
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Pascual Parrilla), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Zhou J, Liu L, Wu P, Zhao L, Wu Y. Identification and characterization of non-coding RNA networks in infected macrophages revealing the pathogenesis of F. nucleatum-associated diseases. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:826. [PMID: 36513974 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND F. nucleatum, as an important periodontal pathogen, is not only closely associated with the development of periodontitis, but also implicated in systemic diseases. Macrophages may act as an important mediator in the pathogenic process of F. nucleatum infection. As non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have attracted extensive attention as important epigenetic regulatory mechanisms recently, we focus on the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks to elucidate the pathogenesis of F. nucleatum-associated diseases. RESULTS We screen abnormally expressed mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in macrophages after F. nucleatum infection via the whole transcriptome sequencing technology, including 375 mRNAs, 5 miRNAs, 64 lncRNAs, and 180 circRNAs. The accuracy of RNA-seq and microRNA-seq result was further verified by qRT-PCR analysis. GO and KEGG analysis show that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in MAPK pathway, Toll-like receptor pathway, NF-κB pathway and apoptosis. KEGG disease analysis reveals that they were closely involved in immune system diseases, cardiovascular disease, cancers, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) et al. We constructed the underlying lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks to understand their interaction based on the correlation analysis between the differentially expressed RNAs, and then screen the core non-coding RNAs. In which, AKT2 is controlled by hsa_circ_0078617, hsa_circ_0069227, hsa_circ_0084089, lncRNA NUP210, lncRNA ABCB9, lncRNA DIXDC1, lncRNA ATXN1 and lncRNA XLOC_237387 through miR-150-5p; hsa_circ_0001165, hsa_circ_0008460, hsa_circ_0001118, lncRNA XLOC_237387 and lncRNA ATXN1 were identified as the ceRNAs of hsa-miR-146a-3p and thereby indirectly modulating the expression of MITF. CONCLUSIONS Our data identified promising candidate ncRNAs responsible for regulating immune response in the F. nucleatum-associated diseases, offering new insights regarding the pathogenic mechanism of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yafei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Correlation between Ferroptosis-Related Gene Signature and Immune Landscape: Prognosis in Breast Cancer. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:6871518. [PMID: 36313179 PMCID: PMC9613394 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6871518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent newly discovered mode of cell death, can be induced by lenaltinib and plays an important role in the biological behaviors of BC. Therefore, the prognostic value of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in BC warrants further investigation. FRG expression profiles and clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Immune-related pathways were found in the functional analysis. Significant differences in enrichment scores for immune cells were observed. Some patients from TCGA-BRCA were included as the training cohort. A six-gene prediction signature was constructed with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression. This model was validated in the rest of the TCGA-BRCA and GEO cohort. The expressions of the six FRGs were verified with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry in the Human Protein Atlas. Relapse or metastasis was more likely in the high-risk group. Risk score was an independent predictor of disease-free survival. Collectively, the ferroptosis-related risk model established in this study may serve as an effective tool to predict the prognosis in BC.
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Integration of OV6 expression and CD68 + tumor-associated macrophages with clinical features better predicts the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2022; 25:101509. [PMID: 36030750 PMCID: PMC9428913 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliable prognostic indicators for accurately predicting postoperative outcomes in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients are lacking. Although cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in tumor microenvironment are implicated in the occurrence and development of HCC, whether the combination of CSC biomarkers and TAM populations could achieve better performance in predicting the prognosis of patients with HCC has been rarely reported. METHODS A total of 306 HCC patients were randomly divided into the training and validation cohorts at a 1:1 ratio, and the expression of OV6 and CD68 was assessed using immunohistochemistry in HCC samples. The prognostic value of these biomarkers for post-surgical survival and recurrence were evaluated by the curve of receiver operating characteristic and multivariate Cox regression analyses. RESULTS The density of OV6+ CSCs was positively correlated with the infiltration of CD68+ TAMs in HCC. Both high OV6 expression and CD68+ TAM infiltration was closely associated with poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of HCC patients. Moreover, overexpression of OV6 and infiltration of CD68+ TAMs were identified as independent prognostic factors for OS and PFS after liver resection. The integration of OV6 and CD68 with tumor size and microvascular invasion exhibited highest C-index value for survival predictivity in HCC patients than any other biomarkers or clinical indicators alone. CONCLUSION Incorporating intratumoral OV6 expression and CD68+ TAMs infiltration with established clinical indicators may serve as a promising prognostic signature for HCC, and could more accurately predict the clinical outcomes for HCC patients after liver resection.
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19
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Xu C, Song L, Yang Y, Liu Y, Pei D, Liu J, Guo J, Liu N, Li X, Liu Y, Li X, Yao L, Kang Z. Clinical M2 Macrophage-Related Genes Can Serve as a Reliable Predictor of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:919899. [PMID: 35936688 PMCID: PMC9352953 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.919899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNumerous studies have found that infiltrating M2 macrophages play an important role in the tumor progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the roles of M2 macrophage infiltration and M2 macrophage-related genes in immunotherapy and clinical outcomes remain obscure.MethodsSample information was extracted from TCGA and GEO databases. The TIME landscape was revealed using the CIBERSORT algorithm. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to find M2 macrophage-related gene modules. Through univariate Cox regression, lasso regression analysis, and multivariate Cox regression, the genes strongly associated with the prognosis of LUAD were screened out. Risk score (RS) was calculated, and all samples were divided into high-risk group (HRG) and low-risk group (LRG) according to the median RS. External validation of RS was performed using GSE68571 data information. Prognostic nomogram based on risk signatures and other clinical information were constructed and validated with calibration curves. Potential associations of tumor mutational burden (TMB) and risk signatures were analyzed. Finally, the potential association of risk signatures with chemotherapy efficacy was investigated using the pRRophetic algorithm.ResultsBased on 504 samples extracted from TCGA database, 183 core genes were identified using WGCNA. Through a series of screening, two M2 macrophage-related genes (GRIA1 and CLEC3B) strongly correlated with LUAD prognosis were finally selected. RS was calculated, and prognostic risk nomogram including gender, age, T, N, M stage, clinical stage, and RS were constructed. The calibration curve shows that our constructed model has good performance. HRG patients were suitable for new ICI immunotherapy, while LRG was more suitable for CTLA4-immunosuppressive therapy alone. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the four chemotherapeutic drugs (metformin, cisplatin, paclitaxel, and gemcitabine) showed significant differences in HRG/LRG.ConclusionsIn conclusion, a comprehensive analysis of the role of M2 macrophages in tumor progression will help predict prognosis and facilitate the advancement of therapeutic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Xu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lishan Song
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yubin Yang
- Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongchen Pei
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiabang Liu
- Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nan Liu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengjun Kang,
- Lin Yao,
- Xuesong Li,
- Yuchen Liu,
- Xiaoyong Li,
| | - Xuesong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shantou University School of Medicine, Shantou, China
| | - Lin Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Shantou University School of Medicine, Shantou, China
| | - Zhengjun Kang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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Xiang Z, Zhou X, Mranda GM, Xue Y, Wang Y, Wei T, Liu J, Ding Y. Identification of the ferroptosis-related ceRNA network related to prognosis and tumor immunity for gastric cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:5768-5782. [PMID: 35835721 PMCID: PMC9365562 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly invasive course and has a very poor prognosis. Because there are no obvious symptoms in the early stage, most patients with GC are diagnosed in the late stage. The effective diagnosis, prognosis biomarkers and treatment targets of GC can solve this problem to a great extent. Although researchers have done a lot of research on GC in recent years, the relationship between the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of ferroptosis-related genes and the GC remains to be explored. Therefore, the research done in this paper has become particularly important. Download the expression data and clinical survival data about stomach adenocarcinoma from UCSC Xena and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) platform. Using bioinformatics tools to screen lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs that are differentially expressed in GC samples and normal samples and related to the prognosis of GC. Then, screening lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs with targeted relationships from the Starbase database. Subsequently, correlation analysis and survival analysis were carried out respectively. Finally, we get a ceRNA network related to the prognosis of GC patients. Cell experiments confirmed the results obtained by bioinformatics. This is critical for the discovery of the diagnosis, prognosis biomarkers and treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xingguo Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Geofrey Mahiki Mranda
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tian Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junjian Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yinlu Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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21
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Li B, Wang P, Jiao J, Wei H, Xu W, Zhou P. Roles of the RANKL-RANK Axis in Immunity-Implications for Pathogenesis and Treatment of Bone Metastasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:824117. [PMID: 35386705 PMCID: PMC8977491 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.824117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial amount patients with cancer will develop bone metastases, with 70% of metastatic prostate and breast cancer patients harboring bone metastasis. Despite advancements in systemic therapies for advanced cancer, survival remains poor for those with bone metastases. The interaction between bone cells and the immune system contributes to a better understanding of the role that the immune system plays in the bone metastasis of cancer. The immune and bone systems share various molecules, including transcription factors, signaling molecules, and membrane receptors, which can stimulate the differentiation and activation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. The process of cancer metastasis to bone, which deregulates bone turnover and results in bone loss and skeletal-related events (SREs), is also controlled by primary cancer-related factors that modulate the intratumoral microenvironment as well as cellular immune process. The nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) are key regulators of osteoclast development, bone metabolism, lymph node development, and T-cell/dendritic cell communication. RANKL is an osteoclastogenic cytokine that links the bone and the immune system. In this review, we highlight the role of RANKL and RANK in the immune microenvironment and bone metastases and review data on the role of the regulatory mechanism of immunity in bone metastases, which could be verified through clinical efficacy of RANKL inhibitors for cancer patients with bone metastases. With the discovery of the specific role of RANK signaling in osteoclastogenesis, the humanized monoclonal antibody against RANKL, such as denosumab, was available to prevent bone loss, SREs, and bone metastases, providing a unique opportunity to target RANKL/RANK as a future strategy to prevent bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengru Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Jiao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingting Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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22
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Bai Z, Zhou Y, Ye Z, Xiong J, Lan H, Wang F. Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Colorectal Cancer: The Fundamental Indication and Application on Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 12:808964. [PMID: 35095898 PMCID: PMC8795622 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.808964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical success of immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer patients, bringing renewed attention to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) of various cancer types. Immune checkpoint blockade is effective in patients with mismatched repair defects and high microsatellite instability (dMMR-MSI-H) in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), leading the FDA to accelerate the approval of two programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blocking antibodies, pembrolizumab and nivolumab, for treatment of dMMR-MSI-H cancers. In contrast, patients with proficient mismatch repair and low levels of microsatellite stability or microsatellite instability (pMMR-MSI-L/MSS) typically have low tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and have shown unsatisfied responses to the immune checkpoint inhibitor. Different TILs environments reflect different responses to immunotherapy, highlighting the complexity of the underlying tumor-immune interaction. Profiling of TILs fundamental Indication would shed light on the mechanisms of cancer-immune evasion, thus providing opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize phenotypic diversities of TILs and their connections with prognosis in CRC and provide insights into the subsets-specific nature of TILs with different MSI status. We also discuss current clinical immunotherapy approaches based on TILs as well as promising directions for future expansion, and highlight existing clinical data supporting its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zifan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jialong Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Lan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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23
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Wen XM, Xu ZJ, Jin Y, Xia PH, Ma JC, Qian W, Lin J, Qian J. Association Analyses of TP53 Mutation With Prognosis, Tumor Mutational Burden, and Immunological Features in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Immunol 2021; 12:717527. [PMID: 34745095 PMCID: PMC8566372 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.717527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease related to a broad spectrum of molecular alterations. The successes of immunotherapies treating solid tumors and a deeper understanding of the immune systems of patients with hematologic malignancies have promoted the development of immunotherapies for the treatment of AML. And high tumor mutational burden (TMB) is an emerging predictive biomarker for response to immunotherapy. However, the association of gene mutation in AML with TMB and immunological features still has not been clearly elucidated. In our study, based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and BeatAML cohorts, 20 frequently mutated genes were found to be covered by both datasets in AML. And TP53 mutation was associated with a poor prognosis, and its mutation displayed exclusiveness with other common mutated genes in both datasets. Moreover, TP53 mutation correlated with TMB and the immune microenvironment. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) showed that TP53 mutation upregulated signaling pathways involved in the immune system. In summary, TP53 mutation is frequently mutated in AML, and its mutation is associated with dismal outcome, TMB, and immunological features, which may serve as a biomarker to predict immune response in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Mei Wen
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zi-Jun Xu
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ye Jin
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Pei-Hui Xia
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ji-Chun Ma
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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24
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Elmusrati A, Wang J, Wang CY. Tumor microenvironment and immune evasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:24. [PMID: 34341329 PMCID: PMC8329257 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), an aggressive malignancy, is characterized by high morbidity and low survival rates with limited therapeutic options outside of regional surgery, conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, and irradiation. Increasing studies have supported the synergistic role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer advancement. The immune system, in particular, plays a key role in surveillance against the initiation, development, and progression of HNSCC. The understanding of how neoplastic cells evolve and evade the immune system whether through self-immunogenicity manipulation, or expression of immunosuppressive mediators, provides the foundation for the development of advanced therapies. Furthermore, the crosstalk between cancer cells and the host immune system have a detrimental effect on the TME promoting angiogenesis, proliferation, and metastasis. This review provides a recent insight into the role of the key inflammatory cells infiltrating the TME, with a focus on reviewing immunological principles related to HNSCC, as cancer immunosurveillance and immune escape, including a brief overview of current immunotherapeutic strategies and ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areeg Elmusrati
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Justin Wang
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
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25
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The Anticancer Efficacy of Plasma-Oxidized Saline (POS) in the Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Model In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080932. [PMID: 34440136 PMCID: PMC8394252 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold physical plasma, a partially ionized gas rich in reactive oxygen species (ROS), is receiving increasing interest as a novel anticancer agent via two modes. The first involves its application to cells and tissues directly, while the second uses physical plasma-derived ROS to oxidize liquids. Saline is a clinically accepted liquid, and here we explored the suitability of plasma-oxidized saline (POS) as anticancer agent technology in vitro and in vivo using the Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) model. EAC mainly grows as a suspension in the peritoneal cavity of mice, making this model ideally suited to test POS as a putative agent against peritoneal carcinomatosis frequently observed with colon, pancreas, and ovarium metastasis. Five POS injections led to a reduction of the tumor burden in vivo as well as in a decline of EAC cell growth and an arrest in metabolic activity ex vivo. The treatment was accompanied by a decreased antioxidant capacity of Ehrlich tumor cells and increased lipid oxidation in the ascites supernatants, while no other side effects were observed. Oxaliplatin and hydrogen peroxide were used as controls and mediated better and worse outcomes, respectively, with the former but not the latter inducing profound changes in the inflammatory milieu among 13 different cytokines investigated in ascites fluid. Modulation of inflammation in the POS group was modest but significant. These results promote POS as a promising candidate for targeting peritoneal carcinomatosis and malignant ascites and suggest EAC to be a suitable and convenient model for analyzing innovative POS approaches and combination therapies.
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26
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Hess JB, Sutherland KD, Best SA. Exploring natural killer cell immunology as a therapeutic strategy in lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:2788-2805. [PMID: 34295678 PMCID: PMC8264324 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic immune cells are key in the control of tumor development and progression. Natural killer (NK) cells are the cytotoxic arm of the innate immune system with the capability to kill tumor cells and surveil tumor cell dissemination. As such, the interest in harnessing NK cells in tumor control is increasing in many solid tumor types, including lung cancer. Here, we review the pre-clinical models used to unveil the role of NK cells in immunosurveillance of solid tumors and highlight measures to enhance NK cell activity. Importantly, the development of NK immunotherapy is rapidly evolving. Enhancing the NK cell response can be achieved using two broad modalities: enhancing endogenous NK cell activity, or performing adoptive transfer of pre-activated NK cells to patients. Numerous clinical trials are evaluating the efficacy of NK cell immunotherapy in isolation or in combination with standard treatments, with encouraging initial results. Pre-clinical studies and early phase clinical trials suggest that patients with solid tumors, including lung cancer, have the potential to benefit from recent developments in NK cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas B Hess
- ACRF Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate D Sutherland
- ACRF Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah A Best
- ACRF Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Aoyama S, Nakagawa R, Mulé JJ, Mailloux AW. Inducible Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: Promise and Challenges for Translating a New Class of Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:675538. [PMID: 34054863 PMCID: PMC8160316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.675538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are ectopically formed aggregates of organized lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells that occur in solid tissues as part of a chronic inflammation response. Sharing structural and functional characteristics with conventional secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) including discrete T cell zones, B cell zones, marginal zones with antigen presenting cells, reticular stromal networks, and high endothelial venues (HEV), TLS are prominent centers of antigen presentation and adaptive immune activation within the periphery. TLS share many signaling axes and leukocyte recruitment schemes with SLO regarding their formation and function. In cancer, their presence confers positive prognostic value across a wide spectrum of indications, spurring interest in their artificial induction as either a new form of immunotherapy, or as a means to augment other cell or immunotherapies. Here, we review approaches for inducible (iTLS) that utilize chemokines, inflammatory factors, or cellular analogues vital to TLS formation and that often mirror conventional SLO organogenesis. This review also addresses biomaterials that have been or might be suitable for iTLS, and discusses remaining challenges facing iTLS manufacturing approaches for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Aoyama
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakagawa
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James J. Mulé
- Immunology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
- Cutaneous Oncology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Adam W. Mailloux
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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28
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Zhang C, Li D, Yu R, Li C, Song Y, Chen X, Fan Y, Liu Y, Qu X. Immune Landscape of Gastric Carcinoma Tumor Microenvironment Identifies a Peritoneal Relapse Relevant Immune Signature. Front Immunol 2021; 12:651033. [PMID: 34054812 PMCID: PMC8155484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.651033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) still represents the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Peritoneal relapse (PR) is the most frequent metastasis occurring among patients with advanced gastric cancer. Increasingly more evidence have clarified the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) may predict survival and have clinical significance in GC. However, tumor-transcriptomics based immune signatures derived from immune profiling have not been established for predicting the peritoneal recurrence of the advanced GC. Methods In this study, we depict the immune landscape of GC by using transcriptome profiling and clinical characteristics retrieved from GSE62254 of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Immune cell infiltration score was evaluated via single-sample gene set enrichment (ssGSEA) analysis algorithm. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression algorithm was used to select the valuable immune cells and construct the final model for the prediction of PR. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the Kaplan-Meier curve were used to check the accuracy of PRIs. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed to explore the molecular pathways associated with PRIs. Results A peritoneal recurrence related immune score (PRIs) with 10 immune cells was constructed. Compared to the low-PRIs group, the high-PRIs group had a greater risk. The upregulation of the focal adhesion signaling was observed in the high-PRIs subtype by GSEA and KEGG. Multivariate analysis found that both in the internal training cohort and the internal validation cohort, PRIs was a stable and independent predictor for PR. A nomogram that integrated clinicopathological features and PRIs to predict peritoneal relapse was constructed. Subgroup analysis indicated that the PRIs could obviously distinguish peritoneal recurrence in different molecular subtypes, pathological stages and Lauren subtypes, in which PRIs of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions (EMT) subtype, III-IV stage and diffuse subtype are higher respectively. Conclusion Overall, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of the immune landscape of GC and constructed a predictive PR model based on the immune cell infiltration. The PRIs represents novel promising feature of predicting peritoneal recurrence of GC and sheds light on the improvement of the personalized management of GC patients after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruoxi Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institution, Shenyang, China
| | - Ce Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yujia Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yibo Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Province Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Jiang X, Yan Q, Xie L, Xu S, Jiang K, Huang J, Wen Y, Yan Y, Zheng J, Tang S, Nie K, Zheng Z, Pan J, Liu P, Huang Y, Yan X, Zou Y, Chen X, Liu F, Li P, Zhuang K. Construction and Validation of a Ferroptosis-Related Prognostic Model for Gastric Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:6635526. [PMID: 33727924 PMCID: PMC7937463 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6635526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC), an extremely aggressive tumor with a very different prognosis, is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. We aimed to construct a ferroptosis-related prognostic model that can be distinguished prognostically. METHODS The gene expression and the clinical data of GC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO). The ferroptosis-related genes were obtained from the FerrDb. Using the "limma" R package and univariate Cox analysis, ferroptosis-related genes with differential expression and prognostic value were identified in the TCGA cohort. Last absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression was applied to shrink ferroptosis-related predictors and construct a prognostic model. Functional enrichment, ESTIMATE algorithm, and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were applied for exploring the potential mechanism. GC patients from the GEO cohort were used for validation. RESULTS An 8-gene prognostic model was constructed and stratified GC patients from TCGA and meta-GEO cohort into high-risk groups or low-risk groups. GC patients in high-risk groups have significantly poorer OS compared with those in low-risk groups. The risk score was identified as an independent predictor for OS. Functional analysis revealed that the risk score was mainly associated with the biological function of extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and tumor immunity. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the ferroptosis-related model can be utilized for the clinical prognostic prediction in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiaofeng Yan
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
- No. 1 Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital in Changde, Changde 415000, Hunan, China
| | - Linling Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Shijie Xu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Kailin Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahua Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanhua Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Junhui Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuting Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Kechao Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinglin Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou 570100, Hainan, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuancheng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingrui Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Yushan Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Ningde Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningde 352100, Fujian, China
| | - Fengbin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
- Baiyun Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510470, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Kunhai Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
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Vacchelli E, Martins I, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Galon J, Sautès-Fridman C, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Peptide vaccines in cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:1557-1576. [PMID: 23264902 PMCID: PMC3525611 DOI: 10.4161/onci.22428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prophylactic vaccination constitutes one of the most prominent medical achievements of history. This concept was first demonstrated by the pioneer work of Edward Jenner, dating back to the late 1790s, after which an array of preparations that confer life-long protective immunity against several infectious agents has been developed. The ensuing implementation of nation-wide vaccination programs has de facto abated the incidence of dreadful diseases including rabies, typhoid, cholera and many others. Among all, the most impressive result of vaccination campaigns is surely represented by the eradication of natural smallpox infection, which was definitively certified by the WHO in 1980. The idea of employing vaccines as anticancer interventions was first theorized in the 1890s by Paul Ehrlich and William Coley. However, it soon became clear that while vaccination could be efficiently employed as a preventive measure against infectious agents, anticancer vaccines would have to (1) operate as therapeutic, rather than preventive, interventions (at least in the vast majority of settings), and (2) circumvent the fact that tumor cells often fail to elicit immune responses. During the past 30 y, along with the recognition that the immune system is not irresponsive to tumors (as it was initially thought) and that malignant cells express tumor-associated antigens whereby they can be discriminated from normal cells, considerable efforts have been dedicated to the development of anticancer vaccines. Some of these approaches, encompassing cell-based, DNA-based and purified component-based preparations, have already been shown to exert conspicuous anticancer effects in cohorts of patients affected by both hematological and solid malignancies. In this Trial Watch, we will summarize the results of recent clinical trials that have evaluated/are evaluating purified peptides or full-length proteins as therapeutic interventions against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France
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31
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Dormant Tumor Cell Vaccination: A Mathematical Model of Immunological Dormancy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020245. [PMID: 33440806 PMCID: PMC7827392 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, particularly affecting young women. Chemotherapy is the main choice for the treatment of these patients. It has been shown that some chemotherapies induce immunogenic cell death and elicit an adaptive cytotoxic T cell immune response through the activation of the type I interferon pathway. We made an evolutionary mathematical model based on the recently reported in vivo induction of immunological tumor dormancy of a murine TNBC cell line upon in vitro treatment with chemotherapy. Our model replicates the previously obtained experimental results and predicts a prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination effect by injecting dormant cells with active type I interferon signaling, before or after challenge with the aggressive parental tumor cells, respectively. These results show the potential of a dormant tumor cell-based therapy inducing an adaptive immune response, suppressing tumor growth. Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a molecular subtype of breast malignancy with a poor clinical prognosis. There is growing evidence that some chemotherapeutic agents induce an adaptive anti-tumor immune response. This reaction has been proposed to maintain the equilibrium phase of the immunoediting process and to control tumor growth by immunological cancer dormancy. We recently reported a model of immunological breast cancer dormancy based on the murine 4T1 TNBC model. Treatment of 4T1 cells in vitro with high-dose chemotherapy activated the type I interferon (type I IFN) signaling pathway, causing a switch from immunosuppressive to cytotoxic T lymphocyte-dependent immune response in vivo, resulting in sustained dormancy. Here, we developed a deterministic mathematical model based on the assumption that two cell subpopulations exist within the treated tumor: one population with high type I IFN signaling and immunogenicity and lower growth rate; the other population with low type I IFN signaling and immunogenicity and higher growth rate. The model reproduced cancer dormancy, elimination, and immune-escape in agreement with our previously reported experimental data. It predicted that the injection of dormant tumor cells with active type I IFN signaling results in complete growth control of the aggressive parental cancer cells injected at a later time point, but also of an already established aggressive tumor. Taken together, our results indicate that a dormant cell population can suppress the growth of an aggressive counterpart by eliciting a cytotoxic T lymphocyte-dependent immune response.
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32
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Zhu J, Wang H, Ma T, He Y, Shen M, Song W, Wang JJ, Shi JP, Wu MY, Liu C, Wang WJ, Huang YQ. Identification of immune-related genes as prognostic factors in bladder cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19695. [PMID: 33184436 PMCID: PMC7661532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76688-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The immune response and immune cell infiltration play crucial roles in tumour progression. Immunotherapy has delivered breakthrough achievements in the past decade in bladder cancer. Differentially expressed genes and immune-related genes (DEIRGs) were identified by using the edgeR package. Gene ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed for functional enrichment analysis of DEIRGs. Survival-associated IRGs were identified by univariate Cox regression analysis. A prognostic model was established by univariate COX regression analysis, and verified by a validation prognostic model based on the GEO database. Patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the median risk score value for immune cell infiltration and clinicopathological analyses. A regulatory network of survival-associated IRGs and potential transcription factors was constructed to investigate the potential regulatory mechanisms of survival-associated IRGs. Nomogram and ROC curve to verify the accuracy of the model. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to validate the expression of relevant key genes in the prognostic model. A total of 259 differentially expressed IRGs were identified in the present study. KEGG pathway analysis of IRGs showed that the “cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction” pathway was the most significantly enriched pathway. Thirteen survival-associated IRGs were selected to establish a prognostic index for bladder cancer. In both TCGA prognostic model and GEO validation model, patients with high riskscore had worse prognosis compared to low riskscore group. A high infiltration level of macrophages was observed in high-risk patients. OGN, ELN, ANXA6, ILK and TGFB3 were identified as hub survival-associated IRGs in the network. EBF1, WWTR1, GATA6, MYH11, and MEF2C were involved in the transcriptional regulation of these survival-associated hub IRGs. The present study identified several survival-associated IRGs of clinical significance and established a prognostic index for bladder cancer outcome evaluation for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jining Tumour Hospital, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Ma
- Department of Oncology, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Radio-Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Shen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Shi
- Department of Radio-Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yao Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Wang
- Department of Radio-Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yue-Qing Huang
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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33
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Taniai T, Haruki K, Hamura R, Fujiwara Y, Furukawa K, Gocho T, Shiba H, Yanaga K. The Prognostic Significance of C-reactive Protein-To-Lymphocyte Ratio in Colorectal Liver Metastases. J Surg Res 2020; 258:414-421. [PMID: 33109402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preoperative systemic inflammation has been reported to predict tumor recurrence and survival in various cancers, including colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). However, more sensitive biomarker is required to improve perioperative management of CRLM. Therefore, we developed a novel indicator; C-reactive protein-to-lymphocyte ratio (CLR). The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic significance of CLR in patients with CRLM after hepatic resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study comprised 197 patients who had undergone hepatic resection for CRLM between January 2000 and December 2018. We retrospectively investigated the relation between CLR and disease-free survival and overall survival after hepatic resection and compared their prognostic significance with that of the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. RESULTS Optimal cutoff level of the CLR by receiver operating characteristics analysis was 62.8 × 10-6. By multivariate analysis, CLR was an independent predictor of disease-free survival [hazard ratio (HR): 1.463, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.003-2.135, P = 0.048), whereas lymph node metastases>4 (HR: 1.804, 95% CI: 1.100-2.958, P = 0.019) and CLR (HR: 1.656, 95% CI: 1.007-2.724, P = 0.047) were independent predictors of overall survival, while the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were not. CONCLUSIONS CLR may be an independent and significant indicator of poor long-term outcomes in patients with CRLM after hepatic resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Taniai
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Haruki
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ryoga Hamura
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujiwara
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenei Furukawa
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Gocho
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shiba
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yanaga
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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TRIM28 is a distinct prognostic biomarker that worsens the tumor immune microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:20308-20331. [PMID: 33091876 PMCID: PMC7655206 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is an important determinant of cancer prognosis and treatment efficacy. To identify immune-related prognostic biomarkers of lung adenocarcinoma, we used the ESTIMATE algorithm to calculate the immune and stromal scores of 517 lung adenocarcinoma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We detected 985 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between patients with high and low immune and stromal scores, and we analyzed their functions and protein-protein interactions. TRIM28 was upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma patients with low immune and stromal scores, and was associated with a poor prognosis. The TISIDB and TIMER databases indicated that TRIM28 expression correlated negatively with immune infiltration. We then explored genes that were co-expressed with TRIM28 in TCGA, and investigated DEGs based on TRIM28 expression in GSE43580 and GSE7670. The 429 common DEGs from these analyses were functionally analyzed. We also performed a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis using TCGA data, and predicted substrates of TRIM28 using UbiBrowser. The results indicated that TRIM28 may negatively regulate the TIME by increasing the SUMOylation of IRF5 and IRF8. Correlation analyses and validations in two lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (PC9 and H1299) confirmed these findings. Thus, TRIM28 may worsen the TIME and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma.
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35
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Li S, Chu X, Ye L, Ni J, Zhu Z. A narrative review of synergistic drug administration in unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: current landscape and future prospects in the era of immunotherapy. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:2082-2096. [PMID: 33209628 PMCID: PMC7653136 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Based on the PACIFIC study, the standard care of unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) shifted from concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT) alone to CCRT followed by durvalumab consolidation in 2017. In the era of immunotherapy, two kinds of therapeutic drugs are involved in the management of LA-NSCLC: chemotherapeutics and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents. However, the best choices of systematic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and treatment schedule remain controversial. The immune modulation effects of chemotherapy, as well as the potential immunosuppressive impact of pretreatment medications, should be taken into consideration. Indeed, chemotherapeutics are double-edged swords to immunotherapy, with both stimulatory and suppressive effects on the immune system. Moreover, low-dose chemotherapy is reported to enhance anti-tumor immune responses with reduced toxicities. As for glucocorticoids, there is no consensus about its exact impact on the efficacy of immunotherapy. In addition, the timing of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agent related to CCRT has three modes: induction, concurrent, and consolidation therapy. Although CCRT followed by durvalumab consolidation is the standard of care, the best sequence of immunotherapy and chemo-radiotherapy is still under debate. Furthermore, the efficacy and toxicity of various PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors should be compared, especially in the background of CCRT. In this review, we will summarize the detailed knowledge about chemotherapeutics and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 axis agents, and discuss the potential implications in designing novel, effective treatment strategies for LA-NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Chu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luxi Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjiao Ni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengfei Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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36
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Hensler M, Kasikova L, Fiser K, Rakova J, Skapa P, Laco J, Lanickova T, Pecen L, Truxova I, Vosahlikova S, Moserova I, Praznovec I, Drochytek V, Rehackova M, Brtnicky T, Rob L, Benes V, Pistolic J, Sojka L, Ryska A, Sautes-Fridman C, Fridman WH, Galluzzi L, Spisek R, Fucikova J. M2-like macrophages dictate clinically relevant immunosuppression in metastatic ovarian cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-000979. [PMID: 32819974 PMCID: PMC7443306 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The immunological microenvironment of primary high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) has a major impact on disease outcome. Conversely, little is known on the microenvironment of metastatic HGSCs and its potential influence on patient survival. Here, we explore the clinical relevance of the immunological configuration of HGSC metastases. Methods RNA sequencing was employed on 24 paired primary tumor microenvironment (P-TME) and metastatic tumor microenvironment (M-TME) chemotherapy-naive HGSC samples. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate infiltration by CD8+ T cells, CD20+ B cells, DC-LAMP+ (lysosomal-associated membrane protein 3) dendritic cells (DCs), NKp46+ (natural killer) cells and CD68+CD163+ M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), abundance of PD-1+ (programmed cell death 1), LAG-3+ (lymphocyte-activating gene 3) cells, and PD-L1 (programmed death ligand 1) expression in 80 samples. Flow cytometry was used for functional assessments on freshly resected HGSC samples. Results 1468 genes were differentially expressed in the P-TME versus M-TME of HGSCs, the latter displaying signatures of extracellular matrix remodeling and immune infiltration. M-TME infiltration by immune effector cells had little impact on patient survival. Accordingly, M-TME-infiltrating T cells were functionally impaired, but not upon checkpoint activation. Conversely, cytokine signaling in favor of M2-like TAMs activity appeared to underlie inhibited immunity in the M-TME and poor disease outcome. Conclusions Immunosuppressive M2-like TAM infiltrating metastatic sites limit clinically relevant immune responses against HGSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lenka Kasikova
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Fiser
- CLIP-Childhood Leukemia Investigation Prague, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Petr Skapa
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laco
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Lanickova
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | - Ivan Praznovec
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vit Drochytek
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charles University, 3rd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Rehackova
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charles University, 3rd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Brtnicky
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Rob
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charles University, 3rd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Ludek Sojka
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Ryska
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Catherine Sautes-Fridman
- INSERM, U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Wolf Herve Fridman
- INSERM, U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic .,Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Prognostic Significance of RAS Mutations and P53 Expression in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070751. [PMID: 32640663 PMCID: PMC7397334 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 is considered the most commonly-altered gene in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Conversely, RAS mutations have been reported in a low percentage of cSCC. The objective of our study was to evaluate the frequency of p53 expression and RAS mutations in cSCC and correlate them with clinicopathological features and patient outcome. We performed immunohistochemistry for p53 and genetic profiling for RAS mutations in a retrospective series of cSCC. The predictive value of p53 expression, RAS mutations, and clinicopathological parameters was assessed using logistic regression models. The overall frequency of RAS mutations was 9.3% (15/162), and 82.1% of the cases (133/162) had p53 overexpression. RAS mutations rate was 3.2% (1/31) of in situ cSCCs and 10.7% (14/131) of invasive cSCCs. RAS mutations were more frequently associated with an infiltrative than an expansive pattern of invasion (p = 0.046). p53 overexpression was a predictor of recurrence in the univariate analysis. Our results indicate that RAS mutations associate with features of local aggressiveness. Larger studies with more recurrent and metastatic cSCCs are necessary to further address the prognostic significance of p53 overexpression in patients’ risk stratification.
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Integrating the Tumor Microenvironment into Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061677. [PMID: 32599891 PMCID: PMC7352326 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression is mediated by reciprocal interaction between tumor cells and their surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), which among other factors encompasses the extracellular milieu, immune cells, fibroblasts, and the vascular system. However, the complexity of cancer goes beyond the local interaction of tumor cells with their microenvironment. We are on the path to understanding cancer from a systemic viewpoint where the host macroenvironment also plays a crucial role in determining tumor progression. Indeed, growing evidence is emerging on the impact of the gut microbiota, metabolism, biomechanics, and the neuroimmunological axis on cancer. Thus, external factors capable of influencing the entire body system, such as emotional stress, surgery, or psychosocial factors, must be taken into consideration for enhanced management and treatment of cancer patients. In this article, we review prognostic and predictive biomarkers, as well as their potential evaluation and quantitative analysis. Our overarching aim is to open up new fields of study and intervention possibilities, within the framework of an integral vision of cancer as a functional tissue with the capacity to respond to different non-cytotoxic factors, hormonal, immunological, and mechanical forces, and others inducing stroma and tumor reprogramming.
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Zhang Y, Bewerunge-Hudler M, Schick M, Burwinkel B, Herpel E, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H. Blood-derived DNA methylation predictors of mortality discriminate tumor and healthy tissue in multiple organs. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:2111-2123. [PMID: 32506842 PMCID: PMC7463320 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence has shown that certain methylation markers derived from blood can mirror corresponding methylation signatures in internal tissues. In the current study, we aimed to investigate two strong epigenetic predictors for life span, derived from blood DNA methylation data, in tissue samples of solid cancer patients. Using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the German DACHS study, we compared a mortality risk score (MRscore) and DNAmPhenoAge in paired tumor and adjacent normal tissue samples of patients with lung (N = 69), colorectal (n = 299), breast (n = 90), head/neck (n = 50), prostate (n = 50), and liver (n = 50) cancer. To explore the concordance across tissue and blood, we additionally assessed the two markers in blood samples of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases and matched controls (n = 93) in the DACHS+ study. The MRscore was significantly elevated in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues of all cancers except prostate cancer, for which an opposite pattern was observed. DNAmPhenoAge was consistently higher in all tumor tissues. The MRscore discriminated lung, colorectal, and prostate tumor tissues from normal tissues with very high accuracy [AUCs of 0.87, 0.99 (TCGA) /0.94 (DACHS), and 0.92, respectively]. DNAmPhenoAge accurately discriminated five types of tumor tissues from normal tissues (except prostate cancer), with AUCs of 0.82–0.93. The MRscore was also significantly higher in blood samples of CRC cases than in controls, with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.74, whereas DNAmPhenoAge did not distinguish cases from controls, with AUC of 0.54. This study provides compelling evidence that blood‐derived DNAm markers could reflect methylation changes in less accessible tissues. Further research should explore the potential use of these findings for cancer diagnosis and early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Bewerunge-Hudler
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facilities, Microarray Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schick
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facilities, Microarray Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Molecular Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Herpel
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,NCT Tissue Bank, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
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40
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Wischhusen J, Melero I, Fridman WH. Growth/Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15): From Biomarker to Novel Targetable Immune Checkpoint. Front Immunol 2020; 11:951. [PMID: 32508832 PMCID: PMC7248355 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), also named macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1, is a divergent member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily. While physiological expression is barely detectable in most somatic tissues in humans, GDF-15 is abundant in placenta. Elsewhere, GDF-15 is often induced under stress conditions, seemingly to maintain cell and tissue homeostasis; however, a moderate increase in GDF-15 blood levels is observed with age. Highly elevated GDF-15 levels are mostly linked to pathological conditions including inflammation, myocardial ischemia, and notably cancer. GDF-15 has thus been widely explored as a biomarker for disease prognosis. Mechanistically, induction of anorexia via the brainstem-restricted GDF-15 receptor GFRAL (glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor [GDNF] family receptor α-like) is well-documented. GDF-15 and GFRAL have thus become attractive targets for metabolic intervention. Still, several GDF-15 mediated effects (including its physiological role in pregnancy) are difficult to explain via the described pathway. Hence, there is a clear need to better understand non-metabolic effects of GDF-15. With particular emphasis on its immunomodulatory potential this review discusses the roles of GDF-15 in pregnancy and in pathological conditions including myocardial infarction, autoimmune disease, and specifically cancer. Importantly, the strong predictive value of GDF-15 as biomarker may plausibly be linked to its immune-regulatory function. The described associations and mechanistic data support the hypothesis that GDF-15 acts as immune checkpoint and is thus an emerging target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Wischhusen
- Experimental Tumor Immunology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Würzburg Medical School, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Wolf Herman Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université Team Cancer, Immune Control and Escape, Paris, France
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Rehman AU, Olof Olsson P, Khan N, Khan K. Identification of Human Secretome and Membrane Proteome-Based Cancer Biomarkers Utilizing Bioinformatics. J Membr Biol 2020; 253:257-270. [PMID: 32415382 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular secreted proteins (secretome), together with cellular membrane proteins, collectively referred to as secretory and membrane proteins (SMPs) are a large potential source of biomarkers as they can be used to indicate cell types and conditions. SMPs have been shown to be ideal candidates for several clinically approved drug regimens including for cancer. This study aimed at performing a functional analysis of SMPs within different cancer subtypes to provide great clinical targets for potential prognostic, diagnostic and the therapeutics use. Using an innovative majority decision-based algorithm and transcriptomic data spanning 5 cancer types and over 3000 samples, we quantified the relative difference in SMPs gene expression compared to normal adjacent tissue. A detailed deep data mining analysis revealed a consistent group of downregulated SMP isoforms, enriched in hematopoietic cell lineages (HCL), in multiple cancer types. HCL-associated genes were frequently downregulated in successive cancer stages and high expression was associated with good patient prognosis. In addition, we suggest a potential mechanism by which cancer cells suppress HCL signaling by reducing the expression of immune-related genes. Our data identified potential biomarkers for the cancer immunotherapy. We conclude that our approach may be applicable for the delineation of other types of cancer and illuminate specific targets for therapeutics and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Ur Rehman
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | | | - Naveed Khan
- Max Plank Partner Institute of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Khalid Khan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital) of Jinan University, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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42
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Reichling C, Taieb J, Derangere V, Klopfenstein Q, Le Malicot K, Gornet JM, Becheur H, Fein F, Cojocarasu O, Kaminsky MC, Lagasse JP, Luet D, Nguyen S, Etienne PL, Gasmi M, Vanoli A, Perrier H, Puig PL, Emile JF, Lepage C, Ghiringhelli F. Artificial intelligence-guided tissue analysis combined with immune infiltrate assessment predicts stage III colon cancer outcomes in PETACC08 study. Gut 2020; 69:681-690. [PMID: 31780575 PMCID: PMC7063404 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diagnostic tests, such as Immunoscore, predict prognosis in patients with colon cancer. However, additional prognostic markers could be detected on pathological slides using artificial intelligence tools. DESIGN We have developed a software to detect colon tumour, healthy mucosa, stroma and immune cells on CD3 and CD8 stained slides. The lymphocyte density and surface area were quantified automatically in the tumour core (TC) and invasive margin (IM). Using a LASSO algorithm, DGMate (DiGital tuMor pArameTErs), we detected digital parameters within the tumour cells related to patient outcomes. RESULTS Within the dataset of 1018 patients, we observed that a poorer relapse-free survival (RFS) was associated with high IM stromal area (HR 5.65; 95% CI 2.34 to 13.67; p<0.0001) and high DGMate (HR 2.72; 95% CI 1.92 to 3.85; p<0.001). Higher CD3+ TC, CD3+ IM and CD8+ TC densities were significantly associated with a longer RFS. Analysis of variance showed that CD3+ TC yielded a similar prognostic value to the classical CD3/CD8 Immunoscore (p=0.44). A combination of the IM stromal area, DGMate and CD3, designated 'DGMuneS', outperformed Immunoscore when used in estimating patients' prognosis (C-index=0.601 vs 0.578, p=0.04) and was independently associated with patient outcomes following Cox multivariate analysis. A predictive nomogram based on DGMuneS and clinical variables identified a group of patients with less than 10% relapse risk and another group with a 50% relapse risk. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that artificial intelligence can potentially improve patient care by assisting pathologists in better defining stage III colon cancer patients' prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Reichling
- Département d'hépato-gastroentérologie et en oncologie digestive, Hôpital du Bocage, Dijon, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France
| | - Julien Taieb
- Service d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Hopital Europeen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Valentin Derangere
- Plateforme de recherche biologique en oncologie, Georges-Francois Leclerc Centre, Dijon, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France
| | - Quentin Klopfenstein
- Plateforme de recherche biologique en oncologie, Georges-Francois Leclerc Centre, Dijon, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France
| | - Karine Le Malicot
- Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive, Hôpital du Bocage, Dijon, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France
| | - Jean-Marc Gornet
- Département d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Hospital Saint-Louis, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Hakim Becheur
- Département d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Hôpital Bichat Claude-Bernard, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Francis Fein
- Département d'hépato-gastroentérologie, CHU Besancon, Besancon, France
| | - Oana Cojocarasu
- Département d'onco-hématologie, Le Mans Universite, Le Mans, Pays de la Loire, France
| | - Marie Christine Kaminsky
- Département d'oncologie médicale, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, Lorraine, France
| | - Jean Paul Lagasse
- Département d'hépato-gastroentérologie et en oncologie digestive, Orleans University, Orleans, France
| | - Dominique Luet
- Département d'hépato-gastroentérologie et en oncologie digestive, CHU Angers, Angers, Pays de la Loire, France
| | - Suzanne Nguyen
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, CH Pau, Pau, Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou, France
| | - Pierre-Luc Etienne
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Hospital Centre Saint Brieuc, Saint Brieuc, Bretagne, France
| | - Mohamed Gasmi
- Département d'hépato-gastroentérologie, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azu, France
| | - Andre Vanoli
- Département d'oncologie médicale, Clinique Sainte Marthe, Dijon, Bourgogne, France
| | - Hervé Perrier
- service d'oncologie, Hopital Saint Joseph, Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azu, France
| | - Pierre-Laurent Puig
- pole biologie, Hospital European George Pompidou, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | | | - Come Lepage
- Département d'hépato-gastroentérologie et en oncologie digestive, Hôpital du Bocage, Dijon, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Département d'oncologie médicale, Georges-Francois Leclerc Centre, Dijon, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France
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Vatseba TS, Sokolova LK, Pushkarev VV, Kovzun OI, Guda BB, Pushkarev VM, Tronko MD. Activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K1 Signaling Cascade in the Mononuclear Cells of Peripheral Blood: Association with Insulin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor Levels in the Blood of Patients with Cancer and Diabetes. CYTOL GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452719060112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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44
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Sun D, Luo T, Dong P, Zhang N, Chen J, Zhang S, Liu L, Dong L, Zhang S. CD86 +/CD206 + tumor-associated macrophages predict prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8458. [PMID: 32002338 PMCID: PMC6982414 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As the main cellular ingredients of tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a vital role in tumor development and progression. Recent studies have suggested that TAMs are sensitive and specific prognostic factors in numerous cancers. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the prognostic significance of TAMs in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Methods Immunohistochemical staining of CD68, CD86 and CD206 were performed in tissue microarrays containing 322 patients, who underwent surgical resection and were pathologically diagnosed with ICC. The prognostic value of CD68, CD86 and CD206 were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis (log-rank test) and nomogram models. Results We demonstrated that the CD86+/CD206+ TAMs model was an independent prognostic index for ICC patients. Patients with low CD86+ TAMs and high CD206+ TAMs infiltration had a markedly worse prognosis and increased risk of post-operative recurrence when compared to high CD86+ TAMs and low CD206+ TAMs intratumoral infiltration. Furthermore, subgroup analysis indicated that the CD86+/CD206+ TAMs model predicted prognosis of ICC patients more powerfully than single macrophage immunomarker. Interestingly, the CD86+/CD206+ TAMs model could further distinguish prognosis of CA-199 negative ICC patients, who were generally presumed to have a more favorable outcome. In order to further perfect the prognostic value of the CD86+/CD206+ TAMs model, we constructed and validated a postoperative nomogram to predict overall survival and recurrence-free survival time in ICC patients. Conclusions These findings indicate that the CD86+/CD206+ TAMs model possess potential value as a novel prognostic indicator for ICC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiancheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingping Dong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ningping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuncai Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Longzi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wang X, Li B, Jing H, Dong X, Leng X. MWCNT-mediated combinatorial photothermal ablation and chemo-immunotherapy strategy for the treatment of melanoma. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:4245-4258. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DOX and CpG loaded MWCNT with NIR irradiation could destroy tumor cells by photothermal and chemotherapy and release tumor-associated antigens, thus generating melanoma specific immune response to achieve synergistic therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin 300192
- P. R. China
| | - Binhan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin 300192
- P. R. China
| | - Huimin Jing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin 300192
- P. R. China
| | - Xia Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin 300192
- P. R. China
| | - Xigang Leng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- Tianjin 300192
- P. R. China
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Ramirez MU, Hernandez SR, Soto-Pantoja DR, Cook KL. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway, the Unfolded Protein Response, Modulates Immune Function in the Tumor Microenvironment to Impact Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Response. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010169. [PMID: 31881743 PMCID: PMC6981480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in cancer therapy, several persistent issues remain. These include cancer recurrence, effective targeting of aggressive or therapy-resistant cancers, and selective treatments for transformed cells. This review evaluates the current findings and highlights the potential of targeting the unfolded protein response to treat cancer. The unfolded protein response, an evolutionarily conserved pathway in all eukaryotes, is initiated in response to misfolded proteins accumulating within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. This pathway is initially cytoprotective, allowing cells to survive stressful events; however, prolonged activation of the unfolded protein response also activates apoptotic responses. This balance is key in successful mammalian immune response and inducing cell death in malignant cells. We discuss how the unfolded protein response affects cancer progression, survival, and immune response to cancer cells. The literature shows that targeting the unfolded protein response as a monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy or immunotherapies increases the efficacy of these drugs; however, systemic unfolded protein response targeting may yield deleterious effects on immune cell function and should be taken into consideration. The material in this review shows the promise of both approaches, each of which merits further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel U. Ramirez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | | | - David R. Soto-Pantoja
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Katherine L. Cook
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +01-336-716-2234
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47
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[An integral view of cancer (III). Evaluation of new biomarkers and treatment strategies]. REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE PATOLOGÍA : PUBLICACIÓN OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE ANATOMÍA PATOLÓGICA Y DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE CITOLOGÍA 2019; 53:88-99. [PMID: 32199599 DOI: 10.1016/j.patol.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We propose a comprehensive approach to oncological disease, based on a systemic consideration of biology, health and disease. Our two previous review articles focused on tumour microenvironment and the discovery of new biomarkers; here we discuss the practical application of these principles to pathology, through the identification, evaluation and quantitative analysis of new prognostic and predictive factors (Immunoscore, TIME). We also consider the clinical use of promising, better tolerated treatments, such as immunotherapy. The integrative pathologist now has access to the latest improved oncology stratification tools designed to identify effective treatment strategies, based on the natural evolution of clinical and scientific knowledge that transcend the gene-centric theory of cancer.
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48
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Xu ZJ, Gu Y, Wang CZ, Jin Y, Wen XM, Ma JC, Tang LJ, Mao ZW, Qian J, Lin J. The M2 macrophage marker CD206: a novel prognostic indicator for acute myeloid leukemia. Oncoimmunology 2019; 9:1683347. [PMID: 32002295 PMCID: PMC6959428 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1683347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignancies possess a distinctive immunologic microenvironment compared with solid tumors. Here, using an established computational algorithm (CIBERSORT), we systematically analyzed the overall distribution of 22 tumor-infiltrating leukocyte (TIL) populations in more than 2000 bone marrow (BM) samples from 5 major hematological malignancies and healthy controls. Focusing on significantly altered TILs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we found that patients with AML exhibited increased frequencies of M2 macrophages, compared to either healthy controls or the other four malignancies. High infiltration of M2 macrophages was associated with poor outcome in AML. Further analysis revealed that CD206, a M2 marker gene, could faithfully reflect variation in M2 fractions and was more highly expressed in AML than normal controls. High CD206 expression predicted inferior overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) in two independent AML cohorts. Among 175 patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetics, the survival still differed greatly between low and high CD206 expressers (OS; P < .0001; 3-year rates, 56% v 32%; EFS; P < .001; 3-year rates, 47% v 25%). When analyzed in a meta-analysis, CD206 as a continuous variable showed superior predictive performance than classical prognosticators in AML (BAALC, ERG, EVI1, MN1, and WT1). In summary, M2 macrophages are preferentially enriched in AML. The M2 marker CD206 may serve as a new prognostic marker in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jun Xu
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yu Gu
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Zhu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Haian Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ye Jin
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Mei Wen
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Chun Ma
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Li-Juan Tang
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Wei Mao
- The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jun Qian
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Malignancies of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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49
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Ding W, Tan Y, Qian Y, Xue W, Wang Y, Jiang P, Xu X. Clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of tumor-associated macrophages in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223971. [PMID: 31618252 PMCID: PMC6795444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) deserve more focus because of its clinicopathologic and prognostic roles in solid tumors. However, the prognostic value of TAMs in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to resolve the issue. METHODS We selected relevant studies from the Cochrane Library, Embase and PubMed databases. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated employing fixed-effect or random-effect models depending on the heterogeneity of the included trials. Moreover, we also performed subgroup analysis, cumulative meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis, and bias analysis (Egger's test). RESULTS A total of 20 observational studies with 4297 patients were enrolled. For TAMs subsets, high density of CD68+ TAMs in either intratumor (IT) (pooled HR = 1.417; 95% CI = 1.092-1.839; P = 0.009) or peritumor (PT) (pooled HR = 1.393; 95% CI = 1.022-1.899; P = 0.036) was associated with a poor OS. High density of CD68+ TAMs in IT was also associated with high AFP value, large tumor size, absent encapsulation, present vascular invasion, and later tumor-nodes-metastasis (TNM) stage. High density of CD163+ macrophages in serum was associated with a poor OS (pooled HR = 5.698; 95% CI = 3.062-10.603; P < 0.001). High density of CD204+ TAMs in IT was associated with a poor OS (pooled HR = 1.947; 95% CI = 1.387-2.733; P < 0.001. High density of CD206+ TAMs in IT was associated with a poor OS (pooled HR = 1.723; 95% CI = 1.308-2.270; P < 0.001) and DFS (pooled HR = 1.711; 95% CI = 1.214-2.412; P = 0.002). However, high density of CD169+ TAMs in IT was associated with a good OS (pooled HR = 0.471; 95% CI = 0.343-0.647; P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS TAMs could serve as independent predictive indicators and therapeutic targets for HCC. Further trials are needed to elucidate the exact relationship and the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yulin Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yan Qian
- Department of Respiration, Changzhou Second People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xuezhong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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50
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Neubert NJ, Schmittnaegel M, Bordry N, Nassiri S, Wald N, Martignier C, Tillé L, Homicsko K, Damsky W, Maby-El Hajjami H, Klaman I, Danenberg E, Ioannidou K, Kandalaft L, Coukos G, Hoves S, Ries CH, Fuertes Marraco SA, Foukas PG, De Palma M, Speiser DE. T cell-induced CSF1 promotes melanoma resistance to PD1 blockade. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/436/eaan3311. [PMID: 29643229 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan3311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) is a key regulator of monocyte/macrophage differentiation that sustains the protumorigenic functions of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We show that CSF1 is expressed in human melanoma, and patients with metastatic melanoma have increased CSF1 in blood compared to healthy subjects. In tumors, CSF1 expression correlated with the abundance of CD8+ T cells and CD163+ TAMs. Human melanoma cell lines consistently produced CSF1 after exposure to melanoma-specific CD8+ T cells or T cell-derived cytokines in vitro, reflecting a broadly conserved mechanism of CSF1 induction by activated CD8+ T cells. Mining of publicly available transcriptomic data sets suggested co-enrichment of CD8+ T cells with CSF1 or various TAM-specific markers in human melanoma, which was associated with nonresponsiveness to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) checkpoint blockade in a smaller patient cohort. Combination of anti-PD1 and anti-CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) antibodies induced the regression of BRAFV600E -driven, transplant mouse melanomas, a result that was dependent on the effective elimination of TAMs. Collectively, these data implicate CSF1 induction as a CD8+ T cell-dependent adaptive resistance mechanism and show that simultaneous CSF1R targeting may be beneficial in melanomas refractory to immune checkpoint blockade and, possibly, other T cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Neubert
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Martina Schmittnaegel
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Natacha Bordry
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sina Nassiri
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Noémie Wald
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Martignier
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Laure Tillé
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Krisztian Homicsko
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - William Damsky
- Departments of Dermatology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Hélène Maby-El Hajjami
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Irina Klaman
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Esther Danenberg
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kalliopi Ioannidou
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Lana Kandalaft
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.,Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Hoves
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Carola H Ries
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, D-82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Silvia A Fuertes Marraco
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Periklis G Foukas
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele De Palma
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel E Speiser
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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