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Lee SE, Park HJ, Han DH, Lim ES, Lee HB, Yoon JW, Park CO, Kim SH, Oh SH, Lee DG, Pyeon DB, Kim EY, Park SP. Paralichthys olivaceus egg extract improves porcine oocyte quality by decreasing oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2025; 67:325-341. [PMID: 40264539 PMCID: PMC12010222 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2024.e26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2025]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the influence of Paralichthys olivaceus egg extract (POEE) treatment on the maturation and development of porcine oocytes subjected to oxidative stress during in vitro maturation (IVM). POEE, notably rich in vitamin B9 (folic acid [FA]), was assessed alongside FA for antioxidant activity across various concentrations. In the 650 ppm POEE (650 POEE) group, there was a significant rise in glutathione (GSH) levels and an improved developmental rate in porcine oocytes experiencing oxidative stress during IVM. Treatment with 0.3 FA exhibited substantial reduction in ROS activity. Both 650 POEE and 0.3 FA groups demonstrated inhibited abnormal spindle organization and chromosomal misalignment, with increased blastocyst formation and decreased apoptotic cells. Treatment with 650 POEE elevated mRNA expression of development-related genes (SOX2, NANOG, and POU5F1). In conclusion, POEE effectively mitigates oxidative stress, enhances embryonic quality, and improves developmental potential in porcine oocytes on IVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Eun Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National
University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of
Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243,
Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Park
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National
University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of
Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243,
Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Han
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National
University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of
Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243,
Korea
| | - Eun-Seo Lim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National
University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of
Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243,
Korea
| | - Han-Bi Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National
University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of
Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243,
Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Yoon
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National
University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of
Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243,
Korea
| | - Chan-Oh Park
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National
University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of
Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243,
Korea
| | - So-Hee Kim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National
University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of
Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243,
Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Oh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National
University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of
Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243,
Korea
| | - Do-Geon Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National
University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of
Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243,
Korea
| | - Da-Bin Pyeon
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National
University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of
Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243,
Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National
University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of
Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243,
Korea
- Mirae Cell Bio, Seoul 04795,
Korea
| | - Se-Pill Park
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National
University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Mirae Cell Bio, Seoul 04795,
Korea
- Department of Bio Medical Informatic,
College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University,
Jeju 63243, Korea
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Vihinen M. Individual Genetic Heterogeneity. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1626. [PMID: 36140794 PMCID: PMC9498725 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation has been widely covered in literature, however, not from the perspective of an individual in any species. Here, a synthesis of genetic concepts and variations relevant for individual genetic constitution is provided. All the different levels of genetic information and variation are covered, ranging from whether an organism is unmixed or hybrid, has variations in genome, chromosomes, and more locally in DNA regions, to epigenetic variants or alterations in selfish genetic elements. Genetic constitution and heterogeneity of microbiota are highly relevant for health and wellbeing of an individual. Mutation rates vary widely for variation types, e.g., due to the sequence context. Genetic information guides numerous aspects in organisms. Types of inheritance, whether Mendelian or non-Mendelian, zygosity, sexual reproduction, and sex determination are covered. Functions of DNA and functional effects of variations are introduced, along with mechanism that reduce and modulate functional effects, including TARAR countermeasures and intraindividual genetic conflict. TARAR countermeasures for tolerance, avoidance, repair, attenuation, and resistance are essential for life, integrity of genetic information, and gene expression. The genetic composition, effects of variations, and their expression are considered also in diseases and personalized medicine. The text synthesizes knowledge and insight on individual genetic heterogeneity and organizes and systematizes the central concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauno Vihinen
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC B13, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden
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3
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Tikhodeyev ON. Prions as Non-Canonical Hereditary Factors. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422060126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tikhodeyev ON. The mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance: how diverse are they? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1987-2005. [PMID: 29790249 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although epigenetic inheritance (EI) is a rapidly growing field of modern biology, it still has no clear place in fundamental genetic concepts which are traditionally based on the hereditary role of DNA. Moreover, not all mechanisms of EI attract the same attention, with most studies focused on DNA methylation, histone modification, RNA interference and amyloid prionization, but relatively few considering other mechanisms such as stable inhibition of plastid translation. Herein, we discuss all known and some hypothetical mechanisms that can underlie the stable inheritance of phenotypically distinct hereditary factors that lack differences in DNA sequence. These mechanisms include (i) regulation of transcription by DNA methylation, histone modifications, and transcription factors, (ii) RNA splicing, (iii) RNA-mediated post-transcriptional silencing, (iv) organellar translation, (v) protein processing by truncation, (vi) post-translational chemical modifications, (vii) protein folding, and (viii) homologous and non-homologous protein interactions. The breadth of this list suggests that any or almost any regulatory mechanism that participates in gene expression or gene-product functioning, under certain circumstances, may produce EI. Although the modes of EI are highly variable, in many epigenetic systems, stable allelic variants can be distinguished. Irrespective of their nature, all such alleles have an underlying similarity: each is a bimodular hereditary unit, whose features depend on (i) a certain epigenetic mark (epigenetic determinant) in the DNA sequence or its product, and (ii) the DNA sequence itself (DNA determinant; if this is absent, the epigenetic allele fails to perpetuate). Thus, stable allelic epigenetic inheritance (SAEI) does not contradict the hereditary role of DNA, but involves additional molecular mechanisms with no or almost no limitations to their variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg N Tikhodeyev
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
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Wheeler RJ. Analyzing the dynamics of cell cycle processes from fixed samples through ergodic principles. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 26:3898-903. [PMID: 26543196 PMCID: PMC4710220 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-03-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tools to analyze cyclical cellular processes, particularly the cell cycle, are of broad value for cell biology. Cell cycle synchronization and live-cell time-lapse observation are widely used to analyze these processes but are not available for many systems. Simple mathematical methods built on the ergodic principle are a well-established, widely applicable, and powerful alternative analysis approach, although they are less widely used. These methods extract data about the dynamics of a cyclical process from a single time-point “snapshot” of a population of cells progressing through the cycle asynchronously. Here, I demonstrate application of these simple mathematical methods to analysis of basic cyclical processes—cycles including a division event, cell populations undergoing unicellular aging, and cell cycles with multiple fission (schizogony)—as well as recent advances that allow detailed mapping of the cell cycle from continuously changing properties of the cell such as size and DNA content. This includes examples using existing data from mammalian, yeast, and unicellular eukaryotic parasite cell biology. Through the ongoing advances in high-throughput cell analysis by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and flow cytometry, these mathematical methods are becoming ever more important and are a powerful complementary method to traditional synchronization and time-lapse cell cycle analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard John Wheeler
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom, and Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Vihinen M. Types and effects of protein variations. Hum Genet 2015; 134:405-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lecland N, Debec A, Delmas A, Moutinho-Pereira S, Malmanche N, Bouissou A, Dupré C, Jourdan A, Raynaud-Messina B, Maiato H, Guichet A. Establishment and mitotic characterization of new Drosophila acentriolar cell lines from DSas-4 mutant. Biol Open 2013; 2:314-23. [PMID: 23519377 PMCID: PMC3603413 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20133327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In animal cells the centrosome is commonly viewed as the main cellular structure driving microtubule (MT) assembly into the mitotic spindle apparatus. However, additional pathways, such as those mediated by chromatin and augmin, are involved in the establishment of functional spindles. The molecular mechanisms involved in these pathways remain poorly understood, mostly due to limitations inherent to current experimental systems available. To overcome these limitations we have developed six new Drosophila cell lines derived from Drosophila homozygous mutants for DSas-4, a protein essential for centriole biogenesis. These cells lack detectable centrosomal structures, astral MT, with dispersed pericentriolar proteins D-PLP, Centrosomin and γ-tubulin. They show poorly focused spindle poles that reach the plasma membrane. Despite being compromised for functional centrosome, these cells could successfully undergo mitosis. Live-cell imaging analysis of acentriolar spindle assembly revealed that nascent MTs are nucleated from multiple points in the vicinity of chromosomes. These nascent MTs then grow away from kinetochores allowing the expansion of fibers that will be part of the future acentriolar spindle. MT repolymerization assays illustrate that acentriolar spindle assembly occurs “inside-out” from the chromosomes. Colchicine-mediated depolymerization of MTs further revealed the presence of a functional Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) in the acentriolar cells. Finally, pilot RNAi experiments open the potential use of these cell lines for the molecular dissection of anastral pathways in spindle and centrosome assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lecland
- Polarity and Morphogenesis Group, Jacques Monod Institute, UMR 7592 CNRS, University Paris Diderot , 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75 205 Paris Cedex 13 , France ; Present address: Microtubule Organization Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Chichinadze K, Tkemaladze J, Lazarashvili A. Discovery of centrosomal RNA and centrosomal hypothesis of cellular ageing and differentiation. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2012; 31:172-83. [PMID: 22356233 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2011.648362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In 2006, a group of scientists studying centrosomes of Spisula solidissima mollusc oocytes under the leadership of Alliegro (Alliegro, M.C.; Alliegro, M.A.; Palazzo, R.E. Centrosome-associated RNA in surf clam oocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103(24), 9034-9038) reliably demonstrated the existence of specific RNA in centrosome, called centrosomal RNA (cnRNA). In their first article, five different RNAs (cnRNAs 11, 102, 113, 170, and 184) were described. During the process of full sequencing of the first transcript (cnRNA 11), it was discovered that the transcript contained a conserved structure-a reverse transcriptase domain located together with the most important centrosomal protein, γ-tubulin. In an article published in 2005, we made assumptions about several possible mechanisms for determining the most important functions of centrosomal structures and referred to one of them as a "RNA-dependent mechanism." This idea about participation of hypothetic centrosomal small interference RNA and/or microRNA in the process was made one year prior to the discovery of cnRNA by Alliegro's group. The discovery of specific RNA in a centrosome is indirect evidence of a centrosomal hypothesis of cellular ageing and differentiation. The presence of a reverse transcriptase domain in this type of RNA, together with its uniqueness and specificity, makes the centrosome a place of information storage and reproduction.
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Modular organization of the mammalian Golgi apparatus. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2012; 24:467-74. [PMID: 22726585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is essential for post-translational modifications and sorting of proteins in the secretory pathway. In addition, it further performs a broad range of specialized functions. This functional diversity is achieved by combining basic morphological modules of cisternae into higher ordered structures. Linking cisternae into stacks that are further connected through tubules into a continuous Golgi ribbon greatly increases its efficiency and expands its repertoire of functions. During cell division, the different modules of the Golgi are inherited by different mechanisms to maintain its functional and morphological composition.
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Salinas-Saavedra M, Vargas AO. Cortical cytasters: a highly conserved developmental trait of Bilateria with similarities to Ctenophora. EvoDevo 2011; 2:23. [PMID: 22133482 PMCID: PMC3248832 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9139-2-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytasters (cytoplasmic asters) are centriole-based nucleation centers of microtubule polymerization that are observable in large numbers in the cortical cytoplasm of the egg and zygote of bilaterian organisms. In both protostome and deuterostome taxa, cytasters have been described to develop during oogenesis from vesicles of nuclear membrane that move to the cortical cytoplasm. They become associated with several cytoplasmic components, and participate in the reorganization of cortical cytoplasm after fertilization, patterning the antero-posterior and dorso-ventral body axes. PRESENTATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS The specific resemblances in the development of cytasters in both protostome and deuterostome taxa suggest that an independent evolutionary origin is unlikely. An assessment of published data confirms that cytasters are present in several protostome and deuterostome phyla, but are absent in the non-bilaterian phyla Cnidaria and Ctenophora. We hypothesize that cytasters evolved in the lineage leading to Bilateria and were already present in the most recent common ancestor shared by protostomes and deuterostomes. Thus, cytasters would be an ancient and highly conserved trait that is homologous across the different bilaterian phyla. The alternative possibility is homoplasy, that is cytasters have evolved independently in different lineages of Bilateria. TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS So far, available published information shows that appropriate observations have been made in eight different bilaterian phyla. All of them present cytasters. This is consistent with the hypothesis of homology and conservation. However, there are several important groups for which there are no currently available data. The hypothesis of homology predicts that cytasters should be present in these groups. Increasing the taxonomic sample using modern techniques uniformly will test for evolutionary patterns supporting homology, homoplasy, or secondary loss of cytasters. IMPLICATIONS OF THE HYPOTHESIS If cytasters are homologous and highly conserved across bilateria, their potential developmental and evolutionary relevance has been underestimated. The deep evolutionary origin of cytasters also becomes a legitimate topic of research. In Ctenophora, polyspermic fertilization occurs, with numerous sperm entering the egg. The centrosomes of sperm pronuclei associate with cytoplasmic components of the egg and reorganize the cortical cytoplasm, defining the oral-aboral axis. These resemblances lead us to suggest the possibility of a polyspermic ancestor in the lineage leading to Bilateria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Salinas-Saavedra
- Laboratory of Ontogeny and Phylogeny, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Chile. Las Palmeras, Ñuñoa, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexander O Vargas
- Laboratory of Ontogeny and Phylogeny, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Chile. Las Palmeras, Ñuñoa, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
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Riparbelli MG, Callaini G. Detachment of the basal body from the sperm tail is not required to organize functional centrosomes during Drosophila embryogenesis. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2010; 67:251-8. [PMID: 20198700 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the zygotic spindle at fertilization requires in most animals the central contribution of the sperm-inherited basal body that recruits maternal cytoplasmic components to assemble a functional centrosome. Although as a general rule the entire sperm enters the egg during fertilization, the fate of the sperm basal body during further development is not clear. We have found that the sperm centriole remains linked to the apical end of the sperm tail through early development and is able to duplicate and recruit maternal components to assemble functional centrosomes. The basal body, therefore, needs not to be detached from the sperm tail to perform its centriole function during organization of the centrosome. By cellularization and early gastrulation the sperm centriole has lost both these capabilities. The persistence of the sperm axoneme and its close association with its centriole during development presents a paradox. If the sperm centriole is a true basal body, then the widespread idea that cells with a primary cilium must resorb the axoneme and transform the basal body into a centriole to enable proper mitosis will have to be re-examined.
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Debec A, Sullivan W, Bettencourt-Dias M. Centrioles: active players or passengers during mitosis? Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:2173-94. [PMID: 20300952 PMCID: PMC2883084 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Centrioles are cylinders made of nine microtubule (MT) triplets present in many eukaryotes. Early studies, where centrosomes were seen at the poles of the mitotic spindle led to their coining as "the organ for cell division". However, a variety of subsequent observational and functional studies showed that centrosomes might not always be essential for mitosis. Here we review the arguments in this debate. We describe the centriole structure and its distribution in the eukaryotic tree of life and clarify its role in the organization of the centrosome and cilia, with an historical perspective. An important aspect of the debate addressed in this review is how centrioles are inherited and the role of the spindle in this process. In particular, germline inheritance of centrosomes, such as their de novo formation in parthenogenetic species, poses many interesting questions. We finish by discussing the most likely functions of centrioles and laying out new research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Debec
- Polarity and Morphogenesis Group, Jacques Monod Institute, University Paris Diderot, UPMC Univ Paris 6, Bâtiment Buffon, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France.
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Abstract
Asymmetric stem cell division is a mechanism widely employed by the cell to maintain tissue homeostasis, resulting in the production of one stem cell and one differentiating cell. However, asymmetric cell division is not limited to stem cells and is widely observed even in unicellular organisms as well as in cells that make up highly complex tissues. In asymmetric cell division, cells must organize their intracellular components along the axis of asymmetry (sometimes in the context of extracellular architecture). Recent studies have described cell asymmetry in many cell types and in many cases such asymmetry involves the centrosome (or spindle pole body in yeast) as the center of cytoskeleton organization. In this review, I summarize recent discoveries in cellular polarity that lead to an asymmetric outcome, with a focus on centrosome function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko M Yamashita
- Life Sciences Institute, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA.
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