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Zhang S, Guo Y, Zhang S, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Zuo S. Targeting the deubiquitinase USP2 for malignant tumor therapy (Review). Oncol Rep 2023; 50:176. [PMID: 37594087 PMCID: PMC10463009 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin‑proteasome system is a major degradation pathway for >80% of proteins in vivo. Deubiquitylases, which remove ubiquitinated tags to stabilize substrate proteins, are important components involved in regulating the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. In addition, they serve multiple roles in tumor development by participating in physiological processes such as protein metabolism, cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair and gene transcription. The present review systematically summarized the role of ubiquitin‑specific protease 2 (USP2) in malignant tumors and the specific molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of USP2 in tumor‑associated pathways. USP2 reverses ubiquitin‑mediated degradation of proteins and is involved in aberrant proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and drug resistance of tumors. Additionally, the present review summarized studies reporting on the use of USP2 as a therapeutic target for malignancies such as breast, liver, ovarian, colorectal, bladder and prostate cancers and glioblastoma and highlights the current status of pharmacological research on USP2. The clinical significance of USP2 as a therapeutic target for malignant tumors warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Shenjie Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Yewei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Shi Zuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
- Precision Medicine Research Institute of Guizhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
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2
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Zhu H, Zhang H, Guo J, Zhang C, Zhang Q, Gao F. Up-regulated oxidized USP2a can increase Mdm2-p60-p53 to promote cell apoptosis. Exp Cell Res 2023; 427:113597. [PMID: 37044314 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Mdm2 promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of p53, while Mdm2-p60 can bind to p53 and reduce the Mdm2-induced p53 ubiquitination to improve its stability. USP2a can deubiquitinate and stabilize Mdm2, whether USP2a can regulate Mdm2-p60 needs to be further confirmed and elucidated. We found that oxidative stress can up-regulate USP2a at the post-transcriptional level and induce USP2a to be oxidized by forming inter-subunit disulfide bonds. The oxidized USP2a is closely related with cell apoptosis. In apoptotic cells, oxidized USP2a has enhanced protein stability and further stabilizes Mdm2-p60 through deubiquitination, and the USP2a-Mdm2-p60-p53 axis plays a role in cell apoptosis. Altogether USP2a is oxygen sensitive, oxidized USP2a exerts apoptotic effects through the Mdm2-p60-p53 axis, which provides an experimental basis for regulating p53 apoptotic signaling by targeting USP2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary Function Test, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Department of Blood Transfusion of Central China Fuwai Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450053, China.
| | - Jiahui Guo
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China.
| | - Quanwu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007, China.
| | - Fenghou Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201999, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, China.
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3
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Nguyen T, Kumar RP, Park PH. Cathepsin B maturation plays a critical role in leptin-induced hepatic cancer cell growth through activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:160-176. [PMID: 36905490 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Leptin, an adipose tissue-derived hormone, exhibits potent tumor promoting effects through various mechanisms. Cathepsin B, a member of the lysosomal cysteine proteases, has been shown to modulate the growth of cancer cells. In this study, we have investigated the role of cathepsin B signaling in leptin-induced hepatic cancer growth. Leptin treatment caused significant increase in the levels of active cathepsin B through the axis of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy induction without significant effects on pre- and pro-forms of cathepsin B. Interestingly, inhibition of cathepsin B signaling by gene silencing or treatment with a selective pharmacological inhibitor (CA-074) prevented leptin-enhanced viability of hepatic cancer cell and suppressed progression of cell cycle, indicating the critical role of cathepsin B in leptin-induced hepatic cancer growth. We have further observed that maturation of cathepsin B is required for NLRP3 inflammasomes activation, which is implicated in the growth of hepatic cancer cell. The crucial roles of cathepsin B maturation in leptin-induced hepatic cancer growth and NLRP3 inflammasomes activation were confirmed in an in vivo HepG2 tumor xenograft model. Taken together, these results demonstrate that cathepsin B signaling plays a pivotal role in leptin-induced hepatic cancer cell growth by activating NLRP3 inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- ThiKem Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Raut Pawan Kumar
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.
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Ubaid S, Pandey S, Akhtar MS, Rumman M, Singh B, Mahdi AA. SIRT1 Mediates Neuroprotective and Neurorescue Effects of Camel α-Lactalbumin and Oleic Acid Complex on Rotenone-Induced Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1263-1272. [PMID: 35385250 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common devastating neurodegenerative disorder. Presently used therapies for PD have severe side effects and are limited to only temporary improvement. Therefore, a new therapeutic approach to treat PD urgently needs to be developed. α-Lactalbumin, the most abundant milk protein in camel milk, has been attributed to various medicinal properties. This study intended to investigate the neuroprotective efficacy of the camel α-lactalbumin and oleic acid (CLOA) complex. One mechanism postulated to underlie neuroprotection by the CLOA complex is the induction of silent information regulatory protein (SIRT1). SIRT1 is known to be involved in several pathological and physiological processes, and it has been suggested that SIRT1 plays a protective role in PD. Oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis are involved in PD pathogenesis. Our results revealed that SIRT1 inhibits oxidative stress by maintaining HIF-1α in a deacetylated state. SIRT1 upregulates the expression of FOXO3a and HSF-1, thus inhibiting apoptosis and maintaining the homeostasis of cellular proteins. Increased SIRT1 expression reduces the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8, which in turn inhibits neuroinflammation. In addition to SIRT1, the CLOA complex also enhances the expression of survivin and leptin and promotes the survival of neuroblastoma cells. Altogether, our results suggest that the CLOA complex might be a novel therapeutic molecule that could ameliorate neuronal cell damage in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Ubaid
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivani Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd. Sohail Akhtar
- Division of Molecular & Structural Biology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Rumman
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Babita Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Umar MI, Hassan W, Murtaza G, Buabeid M, Arafa E, Irfan HM, Asmawi MZ, Huang X. The Adipokine Component in the Molecular Regulation of Cancer Cell Survival, Proliferation and Metastasis. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609828. [PMID: 34588926 PMCID: PMC8473628 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A hormonal imbalance may disrupt the rigorously monitored cellular microenvironment by hampering the natural homeostatic mechanisms. The most common example of such hormonal glitch could be seen in obesity where the uprise in adipokine levels is in virtue of the expanding bulk of adipose tissue. Such aberrant endocrine signaling disrupts the regulation of cellular fate, rendering the cells to live in a tumor supportive microenvironment. Previously, it was believed that the adipokines support cancer proliferation and metastasis with no direct involvement in neoplastic transformations and tumorigenesis. However, the recent studies have reported discrete mechanisms that establish the direct involvement of adipokine signaling in tumorigenesis. Moreover, the individual adipokine profile of the patients has never been considered in the prognosis and staging of the disease. Hence, the present manuscript has focused on the reported extensive mechanisms that culminate the basis of poor prognosis and diminished survival rate in obese cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waseem Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Manal Buabeid
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research Centre, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Elshaimaa Arafa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research Centre, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mohd Zaini Asmawi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Xianju Huang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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6
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Kitamura H, Hashimoto M. USP2-Related Cellular Signaling and Consequent Pathophysiological Outcomes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1209. [PMID: 33530560 PMCID: PMC7865608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin specific protease (USP) 2 is a multifunctional deubiquitinating enzyme. USP2 modulates cell cycle progression, and therefore carcinogenesis, via the deubiquitination of cyclins and Aurora-A. Other tumorigenic molecules, including epidermal growth factor and fatty acid synthase, are also targets for USP2. USP2 additionally prevents p53 signaling. On the other hand, USP2 functions as a key component of the CLOCK/BMAL1 complex and participates in rhythmic gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and liver. USP2 variants influence energy metabolism by controlling hepatic gluconeogenesis, hepatic cholesterol uptake, adipose tissue inflammation, and subsequent systemic insulin sensitivity. USP2 also has the potential to promote surface expression of ion channels in renal and intestinal epithelial cells. In addition to modifying the production of cytokines in immune cells, USP2 also modulates the signaling molecules that are involved in cytokine signaling in the target cells. Usp2 knockout mice exhibit changes in locomotion and male fertility, which suggest roles for USP2 in the central nervous system and male genital tract, respectively. In this review, we summarize the cellular events with USP2 contributions and list the signaling molecules that are upstream or downstream of USP2. Additionally, we describe phenotypic differences found in the in vitro and in vivo experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kitamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan;
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7
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Ye H, Duan M. FOXN4 Inhibits Breast Cancer Progression By Direct Activation Of P53. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:71-81. [PMID: 32021256 PMCID: PMC6954834 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s206775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fork head domain-containing gene family (Fox) transcription factors, consisting of over 20 members, are involved in the progression of certain types of tumor. However, whether FOXN4 is involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression is still unclear. Purpose In this study, we investigated the clinicopathological significance and the underlying mechanism of FOXN4 in breast cancer. Methods and results We examined the lower expression of FOXN4 in breast cancer tissues and cancer cell lines. The expression of FOXN4 is negatively correlated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis. Using CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, and Transwell assay, we revealed that FOXN4 notably decreased breast cancer cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion in vitro. In addition, quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays determined that FOXN4 was able to directly bind with the promoter of P53. RT-qPCR and Western blotting analysis showed that FOXN4 could directly activate P53 expression. Functionally, P53 knockdown rescued the tumor inhibition effects of FOXN4 in breast cancer cells. Conclusion The present study provides new insights into the role of FOXN4 in breast cancer progression and suggests FOXN4 might represent a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer by modulating P53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- Department of Galactophore, Linyi Central Hospital of Shandong, Linyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Duan
- Department of Respiratory One, Linyi Central Hospital of Shandong, Linyi, People's Republic of China
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8
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Ferreira D, Martins B, Soares M, Correia J, Adega F, Ferreira F, Chaves R. Gene expression association study in feline mammary carcinomas. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221776. [PMID: 31461477 PMCID: PMC6713336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Works on cancer-related genes expression using feline mammary carcinomas (FMCs) are scarce but crucial, not only to validate these tumours as models for human breast cancer studies but also to improve small animal practice. Here, the expression of the cancer-related genes TP53, CCND1, FUS, YBX1, PTBP1, c-MYC and PKM2 was evaluated by real-time RT-qPCR, in a population of FMCs clinically characterized and compared with the disease-free tissue of the same individual. In most of the FMCs analysed, RNA quantification revealed normal expression levels for TP53, c-MYC, YBX1 and FUS, but overexpression in the genes CCND1, PTBP1 and PKM2. The expression levels of these cancer-related genes are strongly correlated with each other, with exception of c-MYC and PKM2 genes. The integration of clinicopathological data with the transcriptional levels revealed several associations. The oral contraceptive administration showed to be positively related with the TP53, YBX1, CCND1, FUS and PTBP1 RNA levels. Positive associations were found between tumour size and YBX1 RNA, and lymph node metastasis with c-MYC RNA levels. This work allowed to verify that many of these cancer-related genes are associated but may also, indirectly, influence other genes, creating a complex molecular cancer network that in the future can provide new cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ferreira
- CAG - Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Martins
- CAG - Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria Soares
- CBiOS - Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Correia
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filomena Adega
- CAG - Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Chaves
- CAG - Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Wang X, Su D, Qin Z, Chen Z. Identification of FOXN4 as a tumor suppressor of breast carcinogenesis via the activation of TP53 and deactivation of Notch signaling. Gene 2019; 722:144057. [PMID: 31430519 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fork head domain-containing transcription factor family (FOX), is comprised of >20 members. Members of FOX family have been implicated in a wide range of physiological and/or diseased conditions. Many of FOX members have been shown to be involved in tumorigenesis and progression. The potential roles in carcinogenesis of FOXN4, a member as one of the vast FOX family, remains relatively unknown. METHOD Here, we explored the potential involvement of FOXN4 in breast cancer. RESULTS First, observed that a higher FOXN4 was identified in the normal adjacent breast tissue as compared to that in the breast cancer samples; an increased FOXN4 level was associated with a better prognosis in patients with breast cancer. In addition, ectopically expression of FOXN4 led to the decreased cell proliferation, reduced colony formation and metastatic abilities (EMT, migration and invasion) in breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we showed the direct interaction between FOXN4 and TP53 and FOXN4 binding led to the increased activity of TP53. Silencing FOXN4 led to reduced TP53 and increased expression of Dll4, Notch and survivin, providing a link between FOXN4 and Notch signaling. Finally, we used patient-derived xenograft mouse model to demonstrate the tumor inhibitory effects of Notch-inhibitor, PF-3084014. We found that PF-3084014 treatment led to a significantly smaller tumor burden and higher survival ratio in patient-derived xenograft mice as compared to the vehicle. This tumor suppressive effect was accompanied by the increased expression of TP53, FOXN4 and decreased Dll4 and Notch. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data strongly suggested the tumor suppressive roles of FOXN4 in breast tumorigenesis via the activation of TP53 while suppressing Notch signaling. Future studies are warranted to explore the clinical application of PF-3084104 (Notch inhibitor) for the treatment of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Zhiquan Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Zheling Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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Sánchez-Jiménez F, Pérez-Pérez A, de la Cruz-Merino L, Sánchez-Margalet V. Obesity and Breast Cancer: Role of Leptin. Front Oncol 2019; 9:596. [PMID: 31380268 PMCID: PMC6657346 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related breast cancer is an important threat that affects especially post-menopausal women. The link between obesity and breast cancer seems to be relying on the microenvironment generated at adipose tissue level, which includes inflammatory cytokines. In addition, its association with systemic endocrine changes, including hyperinsulinemia, increased estrogens levels, and hyperleptinemia may be key factors for tumor development. These factors may promote tumor initiation, tumor primary growth, tissue invasion, and metastatic progression. Although the relationship between obesity and breast cancer is already established, the different pathophysiological mechanisms involved are not clear. Obesity-related insulin resistance is a well-known risk factor for breast cancer development in post-menopausal women. However, the role of inflammation and other adipokines, especially leptin, is less studied. Leptin, like insulin, appears to be a growth factor for breast cancer cells. There exists a link between leptin and metabolism of estrogens and between leptin and other factors in a more complex network. As a result, obesity-associated hyperleptinemia has been suggested as an important mediator in the pathophysiology of breast cancer. On the other hand, recent data on the paradoxical effect of obesity on cancer immunotherapy efficacy has brought some controversy, since the proinflammatory effect of leptin may help the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Therefore, a better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that mediate leptin action may be helpful to understand the underlying processes which link obesity to breast cancer in post-menopausal women, as well as the possible role of leptin in the response to immunotherapy in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Sánchez-Jiménez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Luis de la Cruz-Merino
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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11
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Park PH. Autophagy induction: a critical event for the modulation of cell death/survival and inflammatory responses by adipokines. Arch Pharm Res 2018; 41:1062-1073. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Zahid H, Subbaramaiah K, Iyengar NM, Zhou XK, Chen IC, Bhardwaj P, Gucalp A, Morrow M, Hudis CA, Dannenberg AJ, Brown KA. Leptin regulation of the p53-HIF1α/PKM2-aromatase axis in breast adipose stromal cells: a novel mechanism for the obesity-breast cancer link. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:711-720. [PMID: 29104286 PMCID: PMC5936686 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity (body mass index (BMI)⩾30 kg m-2) is associated with an increased risk of estrogen-dependent breast cancer after menopause. Levels of aromatase, the rate-limiting enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis, are elevated in breast tissue of obese women. Recently, the regulation of aromatase by the p53-hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α)/pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) axis was characterized in adipose stromal cells (ASCs) of women with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome, a hereditary cancer syndrome that predisposes to estrogen-dependent breast cancer. The current study aimed to determine whether stimulation of aromatase by obesity-associated adipokine leptin involves the regulation of the p53-HIF1α/PKM2 axis. SUBJECTS/METHODS Human breast ASCs were used to characterize the p53-HIF1α/PKM2-aromatase axis in response to leptin. The effect of pharmacological or genetic modulation of protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), p53, Aha1, Hsp90, HIF1α and PKM2 on aromatase promoter activity, expression and enzyme activity was examined. Semiquantitative immunofluorescence and confocal imaging were used to assess ASC-specific protein expression in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of breast of women and mammary tissue of mice following a low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet for 17 weeks. RESULTS Leptin-mediated induction of aromatase was dependent on PKC/MAPK signaling and the suppression of p53. This, in turn, was associated with an increase in Aha1 protein expression, activation of Hsp90 and the stabilization of HIF1α and PKM2, known stimulators of aromatase expression. Consistent with these findings, ASC-specific immunoreactivity for p53 was inversely associated with BMI in breast tissue, while HIF1α, PKM2 and aromatase were positively correlated with BMI. In mice, HF feeding was associated with significantly lower p53 ASC-specific immunoreactivity compared with LF feeding, while immunoreactivity for HIF1α, PKM2 and aromatase were significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS Overall, findings demonstrate a novel mechanism for the obesity-associated increase in aromatase in ASCs of the breast and support the study of lifestyle interventions, including weight management, which may reduce breast cancer risk via effects on this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Zahid
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
- Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Neil M. Iyengar
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Xi Kathy Zhou
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - I-Chun Chen
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Priya Bhardwaj
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Ayca Gucalp
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Monica Morrow
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Clifford A. Hudis
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | | | - Kristy A. Brown
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Zhu HQ, Gao FH. The Molecular Mechanisms of Regulation on USP2's Alternative Splicing and the Significance of Its Products. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1489-1496. [PMID: 29230097 PMCID: PMC5723915 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.21637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 2 (USP2) has a regulatory function in cell growth or death and is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. USP2 gene can generate 7 splicing variants through alternative splicing, and 5 variants respectively as USP2-201, USP2-202, USP2-204, USP2-205, USP2-206 can encode proteins. The influence of circadian rhythm, nutrition and androgen on specific signaling molecules or cytokines can regulate the alternative splicing of USP2. Specifically, PKC activator, IL-1β, TNF-α, PDGF-BB, TGF-β1 are all regulatory factors for USP2's alternative splicing. USP2-201 plays a crucial role in cell cycle progression, and is also of great significance in EGFR recycling. USP2-202 can activate apoptosis signaling pathway to participate in cell apoptosis, and USP2-204 can induce cell anti-virus reaction to decrease. In general, we collect and summarize the factors involved in the alternative splicing of USP2 in this review to further understand the mechanism behind the USP2's alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng-Hou Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Rd, Shanghai, China
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