1
|
Depetris-Chauvin E, Weil DN. Malaria and Early African Development: Evidence from the Sickle Cell Trait. ECONOMIC JOURNAL (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 128:1207-1234. [PMID: 30294005 PMCID: PMC6171532 DOI: 10.1111/ecoj.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We examine the effect of malaria on economic development in Africa over the very long run. Using data on the prevalence of the mutation that causes sickle cell disease, we measure the impact of malaria on mortality in Africa prior to the period in which formal data were collected. Our estimate is that in the more afflicted regions, malaria lowered the probability of surviving to adulthood by about ten percentage points, which is twice the current burden of the disease. The reduction in malaria mortality has been roughly equal to the reduction in other causes of mortality. We then ask whether the estimated burden of malaria had an effect on economic development in the period before European contact. Using data at the ethnic group level, we find little evidence of a negative relationship between malaria burden and population density or other measures of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Depetris-Chauvin
- Instituto de Economía e Instituto de Ciencia Política. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Public health courses are emerging as popular undergraduate offerings, especially at universities with schools of public health. It is important to note that evolution has shaped the burden of disease in the modern world in which we practice and educate for public health. Human cultures and technologies have modified life on Planet Earth and have co-evolved with myriad other species, including microorganisms, plant and animal sources of food, invertebrate vectors of disease, and intermediate bird, mammal, and primate hosts. Molecular mechanisms of evolution have produced differential resistance or susceptibility to infectious agents, including malaria, plague, smallpox, TB, measles, and diarrheal and respiratory diseases. The domestication of sheep and cattle led to natural selection in favor of human populations able to digest milk throughout life through persistence into adulthood of lactase enzyme expression in the intestine, a major story of anthropology. The emergence of a “Western diet” of dairy, refined cereal grains, refined sugars, vegetable oils, alcoholic beverages, salt, and omega-6-rich meats has dramatically altered glycemic load, fatty acid composition, macronutrients, acid–base balance, sodium/potassium ratio, and fiber content. This is a major story of nutrition and disease. The results include epidemics of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, osteoporosis, certain cancers, and bowel, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders. Another interesting phenomenon is the selection of excessive hemostatic activity from platelets and the plasma clotting proteins; what was protective against death from bleeding after injuries among hunter–gatherers or from pregnancy-related hemorrhage now contributes to thrombosis underlying heart attacks and strokes. Conversely, there is little pressure against hemostasis and thrombosis since deaths from these causes occur mostly after the reproductive years of life. Learning about evolution over millennia for humans and over hours or days for microbes enlivens the experience of understanding evolutionary biology in public health context.
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Evolution in health and medicine Sackler colloquium: Evolution and public health. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 107 Suppl 1:1702-9. [PMID: 19966311 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0906198106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution and its elements of natural selection, population migration, genetic drift, and founder effects have shaped the world in which we practice public health. Human cultures and technologies have modified life on this planet and have coevolved with myriad other species, including microorganisms; plant and animal sources of food; invertebrate vectors of disease; and intermediate hosts among birds, mammals, and nonhuman primates. Molecular mechanisms of differential resistance or susceptibility to infectious agents or diets have evolved and are being discovered with modern methods. Some of these evolutionary relations require a perspective of tens of thousands of years, whereas other changes are observable in real time. The implications and applications of evolutionary understanding are important to our current programs and policies for infectious disease surveillance, gene-environment interactions, and health disparities globally.
Collapse
|
5
|
Lambotte C. Biochemical polymorphism in man -- its relation to disease. ANIMAL BLOOD GROUPS AND BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS 2009; 12:149-66. [PMID: 6459044 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1981.tb01545.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
6
|
FRASER GR, STAMATOYANNOPOULOS G, KATTAMIS C, LOUKOPOULOS D, DEFARANAS B, KITSOS C, ZANNOS-MARIOLEA L, CHOREMIS C, FESSAS P, MOTULSKY AG. Thalassemias, Abnormal Hemoglobins and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in the Arta Area of Greece: Diagnostic and Genetic Aspects of Complete Village Studies*. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 119:415-35. [PMID: 14219423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb54044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
7
|
Uneke CJ. Plasmodium falciparum malaria and ABO blood group: is there any relationship? Parasitol Res 2006; 100:759-65. [PMID: 17047997 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-006-0342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that Plasmodium falciparum malaria is influenced by ABO blood group but the extent of association between both is yet to be well defined. Studies that investigated association between P. falciparum malaria and ABO blood group were identified using MEDLINE search and were systematically reviewed. There were apparent discrepancies and contradictions in the studies as some reported significant association between both while others observed no significant association. This outcome may reflect the complex interaction between P. falciparum malaria and the host immune responses. However, findings from all studies reviewed suggested that individuals of blood group O are relatively resistant to severe disease caused by P. falciparum infection. It was established that parasitized erythrocytes form rosettes more readily with red blood cells (RBCs) of A, B, or AB groups than with blood group O and this parasite-triggered RBC rosette formation is associated with the severity of clinical disease and with the development of cerebral malaria. Differences in rosetting ability were based on the P. falciparum strain-specific preference of rosetting with non-O blood groups and not only a phenomenon of laboratory-propagated strains, but also exist in wild clinical isolates from all major malarious areas of the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Uneke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, PMB 053, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Toomajian C, Ajioka RS, Jorde LB, Kushner JP, Kreitman M. A Method for Detecting Recent Selection in the Human Genome From Allele Age Estimates. Genetics 2003; 165:287-97. [PMID: 14504236 PMCID: PMC1462736 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/165.1.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Mutations that have recently increased in frequency by positive natural selection are an important component of naturally occurring variation that affects fitness. To identify such variants, we developed a method to test for recent selection by estimating the age of an allele from the extent of haplotype sharing at linked sites. Neutral coalescent simulations are then used to determine the likelihood of this age given the allele's observed frequency. We applied this method to a common disease allele, the hemochromatosis-associated HFE C282Y mutation. Our results allow us to reject neutral models incorporating plausible human demographic histories for HFE C282Y and one other young but common allele, indicating positive selection at HFE or a linked locus. This method will be useful for scanning the human genome for alleles under selection using the haplotype map now being constructed.
Collapse
|
9
|
Beiguelman B, Alves FP, Moura MM, Engracia V, Nunes ACS, Heckmann MIO, Ferreira RGM, da Silva LHP, Camargo EP, Krieger H. The association of genetic markers and malaria infection in the Brazilian Western Amazonian region. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2003; 98:455-60. [PMID: 12937753 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762003000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost all individuals (182) belonging to an Amazonian riverine population (Portuchuelo, RO, Brazil) were investigated for ascertaining data on epidemiological aspects of malaria. Thirteen genetic blood polymorphisms were investigated (ABO, MNSs, Rh, Kell, and Duffy systems, haptoglobins, hemoglobins, and the enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glyoxalase, phosphoglucomutase, carbonic anhydrase, red cell acid phosphatase, and esterase D). The results indicated that the Duffy system is associated with susceptibility to malaria, as observed in other endemic areas. Moreover, suggestions also arose indicating that the EsD and Rh loci may be significantly associated with resistance to malaria. If statistical type II errors and sample stratification could be ruled out, hypotheses on the existence of a causal mechanism or an unknown closely linked locus involved in susceptibility to malaria infection may explain the present findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Beiguelman
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
|
12
|
Hussein L, Yamamah G, Saleh A. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and sulfadimidin acetylation phenotypes in Egyptian oases. Biochem Genet 1992; 30:113-21. [PMID: 1590743 DOI: 10.1007/bf02399702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Screening of 1315 males from two Egyptian oases for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G-6PD) found an incidence of 5.9%. The rate of acetylation of sulfadimidin was also studied, and a bimodal distribution was found with 73% rapid acetylators. There is a correlation between high frequency of G-6PD deficiency and high frequency of slow acetylation rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Hussein
- Nutrition Laboratory, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and sulfadimidin acetylation phenotypes in Egyptian oases. Biochem Genet 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/pl00020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
14
|
Smith CL, Snowdon SL. Anaesthesia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. A case report and review of the literature. Anaesthesia 1987; 42:281-8. [PMID: 3578727 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1987.tb03040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Anaesthetic management of a patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is described. The pathogenesis and various complications relating to this common hereditary blood disorder are reviewed. Problems related to anaesthesia in the presence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency are discussed.
Collapse
|
15
|
Hill AV, Wainscoat JS. The evolution of the alpha- and beta-globin gene clusters in human populations. Hum Genet 1986; 74:16-23. [PMID: 3530978 DOI: 10.1007/bf00278779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA analysis of the alpha- and beta-globin gene clusters has revealed substantial variability between individuals and populations. As well as restriction enzyme site and length polymorphisms, variation in gene copy number and type is observed. Because of this extensive polymorphism DNA analysis offers a highly informative method of studying genetic affinities between human populations. Haplotypes, consisting of a set of restriction enzyme polymorphisms distributed along the cluster, have been developed for both loci. Analysis of the molecular basis of numerous beta-thalassaemia alleles has revealed, in general, different sets of mutations in different populations, indicating that these postdate the racial divergence. Recent microepidemiological studies on the distribution of alpha-thalassaemia support the hypothesis that this condition, like the beta s-mutation, has been selected because it confers protection against malaria. Population-specific DNA polymorphisms at these and other loci promise to be of considerable value to genetic anthropology.
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Hempelmann E, Wilson RJ. Detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in malarial parasites. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1981; 2:197-204. [PMID: 7012616 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(81)90100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The ability to carry out the initial reaction of the pentose phosphate pathway was investigated with extracts of mouse erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium chabaudi, purified merozoites of P. knowlesi, and schizonts of P. falciparum grown in vitro in human erythrocytes. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (G-6pd) was detected in extracts of all the cells after electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. Separate host cell and parasite glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were demonstrated with extracts of P. knowlesi and P. falciparum but not with P. chabaudi.
Collapse
|
18
|
Hitzeroth HW, Bender K. Erythrocyte G-6-PD and 6-PGD genetic polymorphisms in South African Negroes, with a note on G-6-PD and the malaria hypothesis. Hum Genet 1980; 54:233-42. [PMID: 6993340 DOI: 10.1007/bf00278978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sample of 981 and 998 South African Negroes belonging to seven different ethnic groups were screened for G-6-PD and 6-PGD phenotypes, respectively. The results are discussed in terms of the interethnic variability and the possible adaptive values of these genetic polymorphisms. Particular attention is paid to the geographic co-distribution and interrelationship of G-6-PD deficiency and the occurrence of malaria in South Africa.
Collapse
|
19
|
Burchell A, Crosby A, Cohen PT. Human mitochondrial malic enzyme variants: properties of the different polymorphic forms. Ann Hum Genet 1977; 41:1-7. [PMID: 921213 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1977.tb01956.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
1. The human mitochondrial malic enzyme polymorphism was found to exist in the Scottish population with similar allele frequencies to those reported previously for Caucasian populations. 2. The mitochondrial malic enzyme variants MEM1, MEM2-1 and MEM2 which form the polymorphism have been separated from the cytoplasmic malic enzyme and partially purified by DEAE Sephadex chromatography. 3. The properties of the three mitochondrial malic enzyme variants were examined. No differences were found between the variants in Km for NADP, Km for pyruvate, Mn2+ and Mg2+ activation, Ki for dicumarol, heat stability, pH or ionic strength optimum.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
SummaryA review of the pattern and magnitude of nero–white mating in the US is presented from the time of the earliest arrival of negroes in the American colonies until the present, using historical, demographic, census and genetic evidence.The relative magnitude of negro male–white female matings compared to the converse are analysed in view of the different genetic outcomes of these two types of mating for X-linked genes. Contrary to many strongly stated opinions it is conclued from the historical evidence that, even from the earliest days of slavery, negro male–white female matings were a significant proportion of all negro–white matings. Census and demographic evidence suggests that their frequency increased so that from the time of the Civil War on they have formed a majority of inter-racial matings.Genetic evidence based on estimates of the amout of admixture of white genes in a number of negro populations is considered. Estimates of admixture for the X-linked genes G6PD, and those for colour blindness are as high or higher than those derived from comparable autosomal genes.Some observations on the total magnitude of negro–white mating, on the phenomenon of passing and on the relative socio-economic status of those involved are also made.The implication of the findings on these phenomena for investigations and hypotheses concerning differences in intelligence and intellectual abilites between the races, particulary spatial ability which is thought to be strongly influenced by a gene on the X chromosome, are considered.It is concluded that some of the assumptions made in proposing hypotheses regarding the origin and distribution of these abilities in the American negro are at variance with genetic, historical and sociological findings.
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Huheey JE, Martin DL. Malaria, favism and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. EXPERIENTIA 1975; 31:1145-7. [PMID: 1107056 DOI: 10.1007/bf02326760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient individuals may suffer (sometimes fatally) from favism, a high incidence of this trait occurs in many Mediterranean populations. This apparent paradox is explained on the basis of a synergistic interaction between favism and G-6-PD deficiency that provides increased protection against malaria compared to that of the G-6-PD deficiency alone. This relationship is analogous to that between various hemoglobins and malaria in that there is selection for a more severe trait if it provides more protection against malaria.
Collapse
|
23
|
Kaplan JC. Defective molecular variants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and methaemoglobin reductase. J Clin Pathol 1974. [DOI: 10.1136/jcp.27.suppl_8.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
24
|
Cohen PT, Omenn GS, Motulsky AG, Chen SH, Giblett ER. Restricted variation in the glycolytic enzymes of human brain and erythrocytes. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1973; 241:229-33. [PMID: 4266990 DOI: 10.1038/newbio241229a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
25
|
Cook JA, Kellermeyer WF, Warren KS, Kellermeyer RW. Sickle cell haemoglobinopathy and Schistosoma mansoni infection. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 1972; 66:197-202. [PMID: 5038244 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1972.11686817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
26
|
|
27
|
|
28
|
Keller DF. Erthrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency-a pharmacogenetic prototype. CRC CRITICAL REVIEWS IN CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES 1970; 1:247-302. [PMID: 4156288 DOI: 10.3109/10408367009021491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
29
|
|
30
|
Fisher GU, Schultz MG. Unusual host-parasite relationship in blood-donors responsible for transfusion-induced falciparum malaria. Lancet 1969; 2:716-8. [PMID: 4186167 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(69)90428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
31
|
|
32
|
Salzano FM, Lewgoy F, Tondo CV, da Rocha FJ. G-6-PD deficiency and abnormal hemoglobins in a Brazilian population. ACTA GENETICAE MEDICAE ET GEMELLOLOGIAE 1968; 17:607-12. [PMID: 5732547 DOI: 10.1017/s1120962300012476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
SummaryData are reported about the occurrence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G-6-PDD) and abnormal hemoglobins in a sample (316 males and 679 females) of the Negroid population of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The prevalence of double carriers (AS/G-6-PDD) was that expected from the isolated incidence of both anomalies. A review of the literature shows similar results for 3491 males and 289 females from African and American Negroid groups both from areas with and without malaria. Therefore there seem to exist no grounds for postulating an adaptive interaction between these two polymorphisms.
Collapse
|
33
|
FRASER G. Some complications of the use of the three-generation method in the estimation of linkage relationships on the X chromosome in man. Ann Hum Genet 1968. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1968.tb00050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
34
|
|
35
|
Wiesenfeld SL. Sickle-cell trait in human biological and cultural evolution. Development of agriculture causing increased malaria is bound to gene-pool changes causing malaria reduction. Science 1967; 157:1134-40. [PMID: 6038684 DOI: 10.1126/science.157.3793.1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The particular agricultural adaptation we have been considering is the ultimate determinant of the presence of malaria parasites in the intracellular environment of the human red blood cell. This change in the cellular environment is deleterious for normal individuals, but individuals with the sickle-cell gene are capable of changing their red-cell environment so that intense parasitism never develops. Normal individuals suffer higher mortality rates and lower fertility rates in a malarious environment than individuals with the sickle-cell trait do, so the latter contribute proportionately more people to succeeding generations.
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
|
38
|
|
39
|
Saengudom C, Flatz G. [On the distribution of ABO blood groups in the North Thailand population]. HUMANGENETIK 1967; 3:319-27. [PMID: 6081912 DOI: 10.1007/bf00292282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
40
|
Carson PE, Frischer H. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and related disorders of the pentose phosphate pathway. Am J Med 1966; 41:744-61. [PMID: 5332173 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(66)90035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
41
|
Kruatrachue M, Klongkumnuanhara K, Harinasuta C. Infection-rates of malarial parasites in red blood-cells with normal and deficient glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase. Lancet 1966; 1:404-6. [PMID: 4159785 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(66)91397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
42
|
|