1
|
Interleukin 10 (IL-10) Production and Seroprevalence of Entamoeba histolytica Infection among HIV-Infected Patients in South Africa. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010019. [PMID: 36678367 PMCID: PMC9866282 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections by the parasite E. histolytica are increasing in HIV-infected individuals. Interleukin (IL-10) plays an important role in maintaining the mucosal barrier. Therefore, the seroprevalence of E. histolytica was investigated in relation to the IL-10 serum concentration among HIV- infected patients. A total of 647 blood samples were collected from asymptomatic HIV-infected patients. The Entamoeba histolytica antigen (GALNAC lectin) and serum antibodies were assessed using specific ELISAs (TECHLAB, Virginia, USA). IL10 blood levels were measured using a commercial ELISA test, and the results were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric statistical tests. The Gal/GALNAC lectin was detected in only 0.5% (3/647) of individuals, and the antibodies against E. histolytica were detected in 65.2% (422/647) of the samples. A significant increase in IL-10 levels was found in 68.1% of patients who were sero-negative for E. histolytica antibodies compared to patients who were sero-positive. There is a high level of exposure to E. histolytica among HIV patients in South Africa, although the prevalence of amoebic liver abscesses might be low. This study revealed that elevated levels of IL-10 might be associated with a reduced risk of amebiasis.
Collapse
|
2
|
Badr OI, Elrefaey WA, Shabrawishi M, Assaggaf HM, Minshawi F. Diagnostic accuracy of different bronchoscopic specimens in sputum Xpert MBT/RIF- negative pulmonary TB patients. Multidiscip Respir Med 2022; 17:872. [PMID: 36405489 PMCID: PMC9667574 DOI: 10.4081/mrm.2022.872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) control remains a critical public health problem worldwide. Rapid diagnosis and proper treatment are beneficial for the effective control of tuberculosis transmission. Diagnostic challenges arise when a patient has a clinical and radiological suspicion of tuberculosis but cannot produce sputum, sputum acid-fast bacilli, or Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin (Xpert MTB/RIF) is negative, resulting in suboptimal management. As a result, more invasive techniques must be used on these patients to establish the diagnosis. Methods A retrospective study recruited 330 suspected pulmonary TB patients with negative sputum of Xpert MBT/RIF who underwent bronchoscopy between March 2018 and December 2021. The diagnostic yields of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (acid-fast bacilli, Xpert MTB/RIF, and culture) and histopathologic examination (HPE) were calculated and compared to the final diagnosis and culture as a gold standard. Results Out of 330 suspected pulmonary TB patients, 181 had a final diagnosis of TB, and 149 had non-TB. The sensitivity of BALF (culture, Xpert, acid-fast bacilli) and trans-bronchial lung biopsy (HPE) was 80.7%, 72.9%, 21.1%, and 87.1%, respectively. Multiple nodules were associated with significantly higher BALF Xpert MTB, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture, and trans-bronchial lung biopsy (HPE) positivity. Conclusions Bronchoscopic specimens are essential for accurate and rapid diagnosis of sputum Xpert MBT/RIF negative patients with high clinical and radiological suspicion of tuberculosis.
Collapse
|
3
|
Nasrallah J, Akhoundi M, Haouchine D, Marteau A, Mantelet S, Wind P, Benamouzig R, Bouchaud O, Dhote R, Izri A. Updates on the worldwide burden of amoebiasis: A case series and literature review. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:1134-1141. [PMID: 36155852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amoebiasis is an intestinal and tissue parasitic infection caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. Despite significant medical importance and worldwide dispersion, little is known about the epidemiology and distinct geographical distribution of various clinical forms of amoebiasis in the world. In this study, we present an amoebiasis case series referred to Avicenne Hospital (Bobigny, France) from 2010 to 2022 followed by an overview of the released literature to explore diverse clinico-pathology of amoebiasis and to update the actual epidemiological situation of this parasitosis worldwide. METHODS The referred patients underwent a combination of clinical and parasitological examinations and imaging. The study was followed by an overview of released literature performed based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guideline. RESULTS A total of 15 patients with amoebiasis were diagnosed with an average age of 48.5 years old at the occurrence time of infection. Men (78%) were the most affected patients. Most of the cases were reported following a trip to endemic regions, such as Mali, India, Nepal, Algeria, Cameroon or Congo. All of the processed patients exhibited a hepatic amoebiasis. Amoebic abscess was observed in all cases with an average size of 6.3 cm. Of these patients, seven cases (46.7%) benefited from drainage following a risk of rupture or superinfection of the abscess. A compilation of findings extracted from 390 scientific publications via seven major medical databases, allowed us to update the main epidemiological and clinical events that has led to the current worldwide expansion of amoebiasis. We presented a clinical and epidemiological overview of the amoebiasis accompanied with a worldwide illustrative map displaying the current distribution of known amoebiasis foci in each geographical ecozone of Asia, Europe, Africa, Americas, and Australia. CONCLUSIONS Although Metropolitan France is not known as an endemic region of amoebiasis, amoebic liver abscess was the most frequent clinical form observed among our 15 patients processed. Most of infected patients had a history of travel to or lived-in endemic areas before arriving in France.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jade Nasrallah
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Mohammad Akhoundi
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France.
| | - Djamel Haouchine
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Anthony Marteau
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Stéphane Mantelet
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Philippe Wind
- Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Robert Benamouzig
- Hepato-gastroenterology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Olivier Bouchaud
- Infectious diseases Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Robin Dhote
- Internal Medicine Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Arezki Izri
- Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France; Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seid M, Yohanes T, Goshu Y, Jemal K, Siraj M. The effect of compliance to Hand hygiene during COVID-19 on intestinal parasitic infection and intensity of soil transmitted helminthes, among patients attending general hospital, southern Ethiopia: Observational study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270378. [PMID: 35767582 PMCID: PMC9242515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal parasitic infection (IPIs) is one of the major health problems in Sub -Saharan Africa where water, sanitation and hygiene practices are inadequate. Taking into account the national level implementation of intensive hand hygiene against COVID-19 pandemic and general protective effect this study assessed its effect on intestinal parasite. Objective This study aim to investigate the effect of compliance to hand hygiene practice on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection (IPIs) and intensity of Soil transmitted helminthes (STH) among patients attending tertiary care hospital in southern Ethiopia. Methods Observational study was conducted from June to September 2021. Data on socio demographic, hand hygiene practice and intestinal parasite (prevalence and intensity of helminthic infection) was collected from randomly selected and consented patients. Compliance to hand hygiene practice was assessed using pre-tested questionnaire. Fresh stool sample from each participant was examined by direct wet mount, concentration and Ziehl-Neelson (ZN) staining technique to detect intestinal parasite. Intensity of STH measurements was done through direct egg-count per gram using Kato Katz methods. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 25. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to measure association and p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The study population (N = 264) consisted of 139(52.65%) male and 125 (47.34%) female with the mean ages of 36 ±16.12(±SD). The proportion of good compliance to hand hygiene during COVID-19 to was 43.93% (95%CI: 37% to 47) and prevalence of intestinal parasite was 26.14% (95%CI:21.2% to 31.75) comprising 23.48% intestinal protozoa and 6.43% of soil transmitted helminthic infection. Gardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Ascaris lumbricoides were the common parasite in the study area with prevalence of 15.53%, 6.44%, and 1.52% respectively. Prevalence of intestinal parasite among participants with good compliance to hand hygiene group and poor compliance to hand hygiene were (14.65% vs. 35.13%)(AOR: 0.48,95%CI:0.13 to 0.68) (p = 0.002) implying that good compliance to hand hygiene can reduce the risk of IPIs by 52%. Moreover significantly lower odds of intestinal protozoa among good compliance to hand hygiene group than the control (OR:0.38; (95%CI: 0.20 to 0.71);P = 0.001. However, no significant difference in the odds of intensity of STH infection in good compliance hand hygiene and poor compliance group. The result of this study also confirmed the association between intestinal parasitic infections and younger /adolescent age, education status, habit of eating raw vegetable and figure nail status. Conclusion Good hand hygiene compliance during COVID-19 significantly associated with reduction of intestinal parasitic infection. This finding highlights the secondary protective effect of improved hand hygiene against IPIs and suggest it can used in augmenting the existing parasitic control strategies in the study setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Seid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Southern Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Tsegaye Yohanes
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Southern Ethiopia
| | - Yitagesu Goshu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Southern Ethiopia
| | - Kiyar Jemal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Southern Ethiopia
| | - Munira Siraj
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Southern Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abdelkareem YE, Abohashem AH, Memish ZA, Binjomah AZ, Takroni FM, Al-amoudi HS, Masluf AH, Alsurayea SM, Alharbi N, Aldealej IM. Common intestinal parasitic infections among patients living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Prevalence and demographic associations (A cross-sectional retrospective study). Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 77:103677. [PMID: 35637991 PMCID: PMC9142615 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) among patients referred from different primary healthcare centers (PHC) in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Material & methods A cross-sectional retrospective study conducted at Riyadh Regional Laboratory (RRL). All stool samples that are requested for intestinal parasite detection by physicians from PHCs across the Riyadh Region during year 2020 are referred to the RRL. The data recorded included age, sex, nationality, PHC location, and the stool analysis result with the type of parasite detected. Results The data of 1148 patients were collected and statistically analyzed. IPIs were present in 296 (25.8%) patients, among whom 40 were infected with more than one parasite. The rate of infection with intestinal protozoa (95.4%) was higher than that with intestinal helminths (4.6%). Sixty (17.4%) infections were caused by pathogenic intestinal parasites, including pathogenic protozoa and helminths. The most common pathogenic protozoa were Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, which represented 9.3% of all IPIs and 72.7% of infections caused by pathogenic protozoa. Saudi nationals were the predominant population infected with pathogenic protozoa (44.0%). Ascaris lumbricoides was the most common helminth infection (56.3%) among patients. Nonpathogenic IPIs were detected at a higher rate (82.6%) than pathogenic IPIs (17.4%), with the predominant protozoa being Blastocystis hominis (61.0%). A higher rate of IPIs was observed in expatriates than in Saudi nationals (229 [33.6%] vs. 67 [14.3%], respectively) (P = 0.0000). Conclusions Among the 12 different nationalities in our study cohort, the prevalence was the lowest in Saudi nationals (14.3%). The prevalence of B. hominis was high in all areas and nationalities, affecting all age groups among the patients referred for stool analysis. The implementation of preventive measures and awareness programs regarding sanitation and personal hygiene are needed. Among 1148 patients who had stool samples collected and tested, Intestinal Parasitic Infections (IPIs) were present in 296 (25.8%), among whom 40 were infected with more than one parasite. The rate of infection with intestinal protozoa (95.4%) was higher than that with intestinal helminths (4.6%). The most common pathogenic protozoa were Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, which represented 9.3% of all IPIs and 72.7% of infections caused by pathogenic protozoa. Ascaris lumbricoides was the most common helminth infection (56.3%) among patients. Nonpathogenic IPIs were detected at a higher rate (82.6%) than pathogenic IPIs. A higher rate of IPIs was observed in expatriates than in Saudi nationals.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hajissa K, Islam MA, Sanyang AM, Mohamed Z. Prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasites among school children in africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0009971. [PMID: 35148325 PMCID: PMC8870593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parasitic infections, especially intestinal protozoan parasites (IPPs) remain a significant public health issue in Africa, where many conditions favour the transmission and children are the primary victims. This systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out with the objective of assessing the prevalence of IPPs among school children in Africa. Methods Relevant studies published between January 2000 and December 2020 were identified by systematic online search on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus databases without language restriction. Pooled prevalence was estimated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity of studies were assessed using Cochrane Q test and I2 test, while publication bias was evaluated using Egger’s test. Results Of the 1,645 articles identified through our searches, 46 cross-sectional studies matched our inclusion criteria, reported data from 29,968 school children of Africa. The pooled prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasites amongst African school children was 25.8% (95% CI: 21.2%-30.3%) with E. histolytica/ dispar (13.3%; 95% CI: 10.9%-15.9%) and Giardia spp. (12%; 95% CI: 9.8%-14.3%) were the most predominant pathogenic parasites amongst the study participants. While E. coli was the most common non-pathogenic protozoa (17.1%; 95% CI: 10.9%-23.2%). Conclusions This study revealed a relatively high prevalence of IPPs in school children, especially in northern and western Africa. Thus, poverty reduction, improvement of sanitation and hygiene and attention to preventive control measures will be the key to reducing protozoan parasite transmission. Pathogenic intestinal protozoan parasites (IPPs) remain a major public health concern. Studies have documented that, the prevalence rates of protozoan infections are quite high in developing regions, particularly Africa and children are the primary victims. Despite numerous studies have been conducted on IPPs in school children in African countries, data on the burden of these infections in African school children have not yet been synthesised. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to provide continent-wide prevalence of IPPs amongst African school children. Our study found that about 25.8% of the children had one or more species of intestinal protozoan parasites in their faecal specimens. E. histolytica/ dispar and Giardia spp. were the most predominant parasites amongst the study participants. The relatively high prevalence estimate of IPPs amongst African children and the considerable variation in the disease prevalence over the years, between and within countries and regions clearly indicates the needs to improve sanitation and hygiene, paying more attention to preventive control measures as well as poverty reduction which are the key to reducing protozoan parasite transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Hajissa
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Md Asiful Islam
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Abdoulie M. Sanyang
- National Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Zeehaida Mohamed
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kpene GE, Lokpo SY, Deku JG, Agboli E, Owiafe PK. Asymptomatic Intestinal Parasitic Infestations among Children Under Five Years in Selected Communities in the Ho Municipality, Ghana. Ethiop J Health Sci 2021; 30:867-874. [PMID: 33883830 PMCID: PMC8047240 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v30i6.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study investigated intestinal parasitic infestations (IPIs) and possible risk factors associated with asymptomatic children under five (5) years in five (5) selected communities in the Ho Municipality. Methods The study design was cross- sectional, with a simple random sampling technique involving 150 asymptomatic children under 5 years from 5 selected communities (Klave, Hoe, Freetown, Dave and Godokpe) in the Ho Municipality. A questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographics and other relevant parameters. Direct wet preparation, formol-ether concentration and Modified ZN staining techniques were used for the identification of intestinal parasites from participants' stool samples. The Fisher's exact test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to determine the difference in IPIs proportions and assess the risk factors associated with IPIs respectively. Results The overall IPIs cases was 14% (21/150). Cryptosporidium spp was most predominant [5.3% (8/150)], followed by Entamoeba spp [3.3% (5/150)], Cyclospora cayetenensis [2.7% (4/150)], Ascaris lumbricoides [1.3% (2/150)], Giardia lamblia [0.7% (1/150)] and Strongyloides stercoralis [0.7% (1/150)]. Children in rural communities (23.4%) recorded significantly higher case rate compared to those in urban communities (9.8%0), (p=0.04). Lower educational attainment of mother [OR=0.55, 95% CI (0.37 – 0.83), p-value = 0.015] and residence in rural communities [OR = 0.53, 95% CI (0.33–0.88)], p-value = 0.025] were significantly associated with IPIs. Conclusion Asymptomatic IPIs are quite prevalent among children under 5 years in the Ho Municipality. The study thus recommends active sensitization programs for parents/guardians on preventive measures and school health programs should be instituted in rural communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G E Kpene
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - S Y Lokpo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - J G Deku
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - E Agboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - P K Owiafe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Haouas N, Alharazi T, Al Rasheedi AO, Zreiq R, Algahtani F. Intestinal parasitic infection among foreign housemaids in northwestern Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Parasitol Int 2020; 80:102208. [PMID: 33169701 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Owing to Saudi Arabia's high-income economy many Saudi families hire foreign housemaids. However, since the housemaids are potential carriers of intestinal parasites, hiring them increases the risk of transmission to the Saudi community. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in foreign housemaids in northwestern Saudi Arabia. Using direct wet mount and concentration by flotation, the stool samples of 169 housemaids were examined, and eleven parasite species, six helminths and five protozoans, were detected. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 20.11% (34/169). Twelve cases were infected with one intestinal helminth, 12 were infected with one intestinal protozoan, and 10 had polyparasitism. The most common intestinal parasites were Cryptosporidium spp. (n = 10), hookworms (n = 7), and T. Trichiura (n = 7). The findings highlight that intestinal parasites present an important public health concern for foreign housemaids in Saudi Arabia. More vigilance is thus required, and periodic follow-up should be exercised throughout foreign housemaids' stay in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najoua Haouas
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire (LR12ES08), Département de Biologie Clinique B, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir, Tunisia; Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Talal Alharazi
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Yemen
| | - Asma Obaid Al Rasheedi
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafat Zreiq
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Algahtani
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shabrawishi M, Al-Gethamy MM, Naser AY, Ghazawi MA, Alsharif GF, Obaid EF, Melebari HA, Alamri DM, Brinji AS, Al Jehani FH, Almaimani W, Ekram RA, Alkhatib KH, Alwafi H. Clinical, radiological and therapeutic characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237130. [PMID: 32760107 PMCID: PMC7410246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly spreading global pandemic. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 have been reported; however, there is limited research investigating the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in the Middle East. This study aims to investigate the clinical, radiological and therapeutic characteristics of patients diagnosed with COVID19 in Saudi Arabia. METHODS This study is a retrospective single-centre case series study. We extracted data for patients who were admitted to the Al-Noor Specialist Hospital with a PCR confirming SARS-COV-2 between 12th and 31st of March 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to describe patients' characteristics. Continuous data were reported as mean ± SD. Chi-squared test/Fisher test were used as appropriate to compare proportions for categorical variables. RESULTS A total of 150 patients were hospitalised for COVID-19 during the study period. The mean age was 46.1 years (SD: 15.3 years). The most common comorbidities were hypertension (28.8%, n = 42) and diabetes mellitus (26.0%, n = 38). Regarding the severity of the hospitalised patients, 105 patients (70.0%) were mild, 29 (19.3%) were moderate, and 16 patients (10.7%) were severe or required ICU care. CONCLUSION This case series provides clinical, radiological and therapeutic characteristics of hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Shabrawishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal M. Al-Gethamy
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control Programme, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Maher A. Ghazawi
- Department of Radiology, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaidaa F. Alsharif
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elaf F. Obaid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham A. Melebari
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Faisal General Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhaffer M. Alamri
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control Programme, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad S. Brinji
- Department of Radiology, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Rakan A. Ekram
- School of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kasim H. Alkhatib
- Intensive Care Department, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hawash YA, Ismail KA, Saber T, Eed EM, Khalifa AS, Alsharif KF, Alghamdi SA. Dientamoeba fragilis Infection in Patients with Digestive and Non-Digestive Symptoms: A Case-Control Study. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2020; 58:129-134. [PMID: 32418381 PMCID: PMC7231832 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In most developing countries, Dientamoeba fragilis infection is an obscure protozoan infection. We aimed to determine a frequency and clinical importance of D. fragilis infection in Taif, Saudi Arabia. A 1-year case control study included patients with gastrointestinal (cases, n=114) or non-gastrointestinal symptoms (controls, n=90). The fecal samples were examined with the classical parasitological methods for intestinal protozoa, and by real time PCR for D. fragilis. The infection by D. fragilis was detected in 5.8% by PCR and in 4.4% patients by microscopy. The infection was identified more in control group (n=9) than in cases (n=3); a sole infection in 11 patients and mixed with Giardia in 1 patient. The other enteric parasites detected were Blastocystis sp. (8.3%), Giardia sp. (5.3%), Cryptosporidium sp. (2.9%), Entamoeba histolytica (1.4%), Entamoeba coli (0.9%) and Hymenolepis nana (0.4%). Our results tend to reinforce the need to increase awareness of D. fragilis infection in Saudi Arabia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousry A Hawash
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Parasitology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Khadiga A Ismail
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Egypt
| | - Taisir Saber
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Emad M Eed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Amany S Khalifa
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf F Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abbasi E, Amouzandeh-Nobaveh A, Ghaznavi-Rad E. The Frequency of the Intestinal Parasites Giardia Lamblia and Entamoeba Histolytica in Pediatric Diarrhea Specimens from Central Iran. Open Microbiol J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874285802014010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:
Intestinal parasitic infections, particularly those caused by Giardia lamblia, are among the major health problems that exist worldwide, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of the intestinal parasites Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica that were isolated from samples of infectious diarrhea in pediatric patients from Central Iran.
Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study included 230 samples of infectious diarrhea that were collected from May 2015 to February 2016. Direct observation, the formalin-ether sedimentation method and the technique using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of β-giardin and EH primers were used for the identification of Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica.
Results:
Out of 230 samples of infectious diarrhea, five cases (2.1%) of Giardia lamblia and no cases (0%) of Entamoeba histolytica were identified using the formalin-ether sedimentation method and the same result were obtained using PCR technique. Of the five patients who had Giardia lamblia, three (60%) were male and two (40%) were female. The most common clinical symptoms in these patients were stomach ache and diarrhea (100%) and mucus in the stool (80%).
Conclusion:
Giardia lamblia was introduced as a parasitic agent causing diarrhea from Central Iran. The results indicate that pediatricians and, even more importantly, experts in laboratories should pay special attention to the identification of this parasite to treat the patients as effectively and as quickly as possible.
Collapse
|
12
|
Berhe B, Mardu F, Tesfay K, Legese H, Adhanom G, Haileslasie H, Gebremichail G, Tesfanchal B, Shishay N, Negash H. More Than Half Prevalence of Protozoan Parasitic Infections Among Diarrheic Outpatients in Eastern Tigrai, Ethiopia, 2019; A Cross-Sectional Study. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:27-34. [PMID: 32021317 PMCID: PMC6954853 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s238493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protozoan infections remain a major public health concern in Ethiopia, which causes malnutrition, protein and iron deficiencies, increment of health costs, hospitalization and long-term deleterious effects. In Tigrai, particularly, in the study area, there are limited literatures on the prevalence of protozoa and associated factors among diarrheic outpatients. Thus, aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of protozoan infections among diarrheic outpatients in Eastern Tigrai. Methods Health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Eastern Tigrai, Ethiopia from April to October 2019 among diarrheic outpatient in health facilities of Adigrat. Four hundred one eighteen study participants were included consecutively. The stool samples were examined via direct wet mount following formal-ether concentration technique. Both interviewer based and self-administrated questionnaires were used to collect demographic data and factors associated with protozoan infections. Data were analyzed and computed using BM SPSS statistics version 22.0. P-value=0.05 at 95% confidence interval declared statistically significant. Results Out of 418 diarrheic outpatients, the overall prevalence of protozoan infection was 59.3% (248/418). A higher percentage of intestinal protozoan infection was recorded for females 130 (31.1%). Using well water as a source of drinking, poor hand washing habits before eating, not home latrine, dirty and untrimmed fingernails were the most important risk factors identified. E. histolytica complex and Giardia duodenalis were the most predominant protozoan infections detected among diarrheic outpatients. Conclusion The present study showed that diarrheic outpatients in the study area were heavily infected with protozoan parasitic infection. E. histolytica complex and Giardia duodenalis were the most predominant protozoans detected among diarrheic outpatients. Using well water as a source of drinking, poor handwashing habit before eating, not having home latrine, dirty and untrimmed fingernails were most important risk factors identified. So, cooperative action and health education on preventive measure are needed to reduce protozoan infections in Tigrai, particularly in the study area. The present study showed that diarrheic outpatients in the study area were heavily infected with protozoan parasitic infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brhane Berhe
- Unite of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Fitsum Mardu
- Unite of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Kebede Tesfay
- Unite of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Haftom Legese
- Unite of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Gebre Adhanom
- Unite of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Hagos Haileslasie
- Unite of Hematology and Immuno-Hematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Gebremedhin Gebremichail
- Unite of Hematology and Immuno-Hematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Brhane Tesfanchal
- Unite of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Niguse Shishay
- Unite of Immunology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| | - Hadush Negash
- Unite of Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Tigrai, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ayele BH, Geleto A, Ayana DA, Redi M. Prevalence of feco-oral transmitted protozoan infections and associated factors among university students in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:499. [PMID: 31174474 PMCID: PMC6555915 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An estimated 60% of the world’s population is infected with one form of intestinal parasites. Amoebiasis and giardiasis are among the leading intestinal protozoan infections that affected mankind. However, literature that shows the magnitude of the problem among university students in Ethiopia is at scarce. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of feco-oral transmitted protozoan infections and associated factors among sport festival participant universities in Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 483 randomly selected university sport festival participant students. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Stool specimens were examined using direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration techniques. The data were entered into Epi Info version 6.04 and were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 statistical software. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to control the possible confounders and an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval at p < 0.05 was used to identify an association between variables. Result The overall prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections was 140(28.9%) with the predominantly higher prevalence of E. histolytica/E. dispar 95(19.7%). The female respondents were at lower risk of infections compared to their male counterparts (AOR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.97]. Participants with educated father (AOR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.86) and those who received pocket money of > 347 Ethiopian Birr (~ 14 USD) per month (AOR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.74) were at lower risk of infections. However, being married (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.23), rural resident (AOR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.21, 3.32) and university stay for two or more years (AOR = 2.21, 95%CI: 1.48, 3.87) were more likely to be infected with protozoan infections. Conclusion The prevalence of intestinal protozoan infection among students who attend higher educational institutions was very high. Infection prevention strategies should be undertaken at respective universities with special focus to senior students and students from the rural area. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-4095-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behailu Hawulte Ayele
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
| | - Ayele Geleto
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Admassu Ayana
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Muhedin Redi
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Anthelmintic Potential of Cucurbita pepo Seeds on Hymenolepis nana. Acta Parasitol 2019; 64:276-281. [PMID: 30778840 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-019-00033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main drug used against Hymenolepis nana is praziquantel (PZQ), which causes side effects and toxicity. In contrast, natural extracts have limited side effects and are safer. Past researches have proved that pumpkin seeds are effective as natural antimicrobial and antiparasitic treatment. The present study investigates a natural alternative and less expensive treatment against H. nana using pumpkin seeds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Healthy female albino mice were divided into four groups: normal control, infected control with H. nana, infected and treated with PZQ, and lastly, the group infected and treated with pumpkin seeds' extract. RESULTS Pumpkin seeds aqueous extract showed a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the number and length of H. nana adult worms, number and viability of eggs in comparison to the infected control group and PZQ group. Pumpkin seed aqueous extract is proven to be an effective anthelmintic against H. nana. CONCLUSION We recommend pumpkin seed extract as a natural alternative, less expensive and safe therapy for H. nana. This is the first study in Saudi Arabia to investigate the therapeutic effect of pumpkin seeds' extract on H. nana.
Collapse
|
15
|
Alemu M, Anley A, Tedla K. Magnitude of Intestinal Parasitosis and Associated Factors in Rural School Children, Northwest Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci 2019; 29:923-928. [PMID: 30700960 PMCID: PMC6341440 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v29i1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal parasitoses are among the most commonly encountered infections among school children in poor regions of the world. Up to 600 million school children are living in areas where there is high transmission of parasitic worms. Intestinal parasitic infection has been found to have a great effect on nutritional and cognitive status, school absenteeism and dropouts among school age children. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of intestinal parasites infections and associated factors among children in a rural primary school, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2016 among Gob Gob Primary School children. The study participants were provided with labeled stool cups to give stool specimen. The stool samples were processed via direct wet mount and formal-ether concentration techniques. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and data on factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection through face-to-face interview. Results Out of the 273 school children, 84(30.8%) were infected with at least one parasite species. Higher proportion of intestinal parasitic infection was recorded for boys (38.9%), the age group 6-10 years (38.9%), children with untrimmed finger nails (36.4%) and among those whose drinking water was from a stream (56.1%). The predominant species identified were A. lumburicoides 28(33.3%), H. nana 12(14%), E. histolytica/dispar 11(13%), G. lamblia 9(11%), hookworms 7(8.3%), Taenia spp 6(7%), E. vermicularis 6(7%), T. trichuria 4(4.8%) and S. stericoralis 1(1.2%). Conclusion This study showed that intestinal parasites were prevalent among the school children in focus. Ascaris lumbricoides was the predominant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megbaru Alemu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
| | - Abay Anley
- Gobgob Health Center, South Gonder, Ethiopia
| | - Kiros Tedla
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Vector Biology, Mekelle University, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Patients of King Fahd Medical City in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia: A 5-Year Retrospective Study. J Parasitol Res 2018; 2018:8076274. [PMID: 30147947 PMCID: PMC6083544 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8076274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is a retrospective analysis of the recorded intestinal parasitic infections for in- and outpatients visiting King Fahd Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from 2013 to 2017. In this study, a total of 5987 in- and outpatient were examined for intestinal parasitic infection. 30 patients out of 5987 were infected with 6 species of intestinal parasites with prevalence rate 0.5%. These parasites were Entamoeba histolytica (P = 0.27%), Cryptosporidium sp. (P = 0.1%), Giardia lamblia (P = 0.07%), Trichuris trichiura (P = 0.03%), Hymenolepis nana (P = 0.02%), and Chilomastix mesnili (P = 0.02%). The prevalence of infection in both males and females was 0.38% and 0.58%, respectively. Also, the prevalence of infection in different years and age groups as well as different seasons was provided. Intestinal parasitic infections are still a public health problem in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia. Updating the epidemiologic survey of these parasites at regular intervals using the appropriate statistical methods is necessary to develop effective prevention and control strategies.
Collapse
|
17
|
Berhe B, Bugssa G, Bayisa S, Alemu M. Foodborne intestinal protozoan infection and associated factors among patients with watery diarrhea in Northern Ethiopia; a cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2018; 37:5. [PMID: 29499754 PMCID: PMC5834838 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-018-0137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal protozoa are parasites transmitted by consumption of contaminated water and food and mainly affect children and elder people and cause considerable health problems. They are the leading causes of outpatient morbidity due to diarrhea in the developing countries. So, assessing water and food source of diarrheal patients and identifying the main associated factors for transmission of protozoan parasitic infections help for effective control measures of protozoan infections. Hence, the current study was aimed at determining the prevalence of foodborne intestinal protozoa infections and associated factors among diarrheic patients in North Ethiopia. METHODS A health facility based cross-sectional study was conducted among 223 patients with watery diarrhea in four selected government health facilities in North Ethiopia from November 2016-June 2017. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demography of study participants and factors associated with foodborne protozoa infections. The diarrheic stool samples were collected, transported, and processed using direct wet mount, formal-ether concentration and modified ZiehlNeelson staining methods. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 and descriptive statistics, bi-variate, and multivariate logistic regressions were computed. P-value < 0.05 at 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The overall prevalence of foodborne protozoa infection was 101 (45.3%). The predominant protozoa species identified was Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 55 (24.7%), followed by Giardia intestinalis 25 (11.2%) and Cryptosporidium species 5 (2.2%). The highest proportion of protozoa infection was observed among males (23.3%) and the age group 15-24 years (13.5%). Statistically significant associations were observed between foodborne protozoan infection and not using any type of recipe to decontaminate salads and fruits (AOR = 2.64, 95 CI: 1.34-5.19, P = 0.005) and using vinegar as a decontaminant (AOR = 2.83, 95 CI: 1.24-6.48, P = 0.014). Eating out (meals at a restaurant) on the other hand was found to be protective for foodborne protozoan infection (AOR = 0.43, 95 CI: 0.23-0.78, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION Our study revealed that foodborne protozoa infections are of public health significance in the study area. Vinegar, which is frequently used as a recipe for decontaminating salads and fruits, is inversely related to foodborne protozoa parasite infection .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birhane Berhe
- Department of Bio-Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Gessessew Bugssa
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Sena Bayisa
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Megbaru Alemu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Bahir Dar University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Bahir Dar University, PO Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Intestinal parasitosis and anaemia among patients in a Health Center, North Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:632. [PMID: 29183355 PMCID: PMC5704372 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2957-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the magnitude of intestinal parasitosis and anaemia in a Health Center, North Ethiopia. Results A total of 427 outpatients were enrolled and the median age of the participants was 22 years. The prevalence of intestinal parasitosis was 143 (33.5%). Age, place of residence and occupation were significantly associated with intestinal parasitosis. When we see parasite specific factors, significant associations were observed for source of drinking water (P = 0.02), age (P < 0.001) and family size (P = 0.003), respectively with Entameba histolytica, Hookworm and Giardia lamblia infections. The overall prevalence of anaemia was 35 (8.2%). The mean haemoglobin concentration among the study participants was 12.8 mg/dl. The highest prevalence of anemia was recorded for the age group of 15–19 years (29.6%). The proportion of anemia among intestinal parasite -infected and non-infected participants was 10.7 and 7.0%, respectively. Study participants infected with S. stercoralis and hookworm were more likely to develop anaemia than the non- infected ones; AOR (adjusted odds ratio) = 5.3, 95% CI (1.01–27.4); P = 0.028 and AOR = 11.1, 95% CI (3.36–36.9); P = 0.000, respectively. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-017-2957-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
19
|
Al Rehily S, Kaki R, Al Ghamdi F, El-Hossary D. Amoeboma in a Saudi resident: a case report. JMM Case Rep 2017; 3:e005032. [PMID: 28348756 PMCID: PMC5330224 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.005032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Amoebiasis is the third most frequent cause of mortality after malaria and schistosomiasis. In developed countries, amebiasis is also seen in migrants who have travelled to endemic areas. The factors responsible for its progression from intestinal amebiasis to an amebic liver abscess are not fully understood. Case presentation: A 54-year-old man presented with abdominal pain, fever and diarrhoea. Laparotomy confirmed an inflammatory mass involving the right colon, and he underwent a right hemicolectomy. He later developed abdominal distenstion due to an amoebic liver abscess and died from secondary nosocomial bacterial infection and surgical complications. Conclusion: Amoeboma is an uncommon manifestation of amoebiasis, and can mimic both carcinoma and inflammatory bowel disease; so, distinguishing between these two conditions is the key to providing appropriate therapy. Hepatic amoebiasis is the most common extraintestinal disease of invasive amoebiasis. This clinical report presents a case of an uncommon parasitic disease in Saudi Arabia and discusses the difficulties encountered while attempting to establish the correct diagnosis. Hence, a high index of suspicion is crucial for diagnosing Entamoeba histolytica to avoid unnecessary surgery and further complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa Al Rehily
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham Kaki
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al Ghamdi
- Department of Pathology, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia El-Hossary
- Clinical and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Comparison of Kinyoun's acid-fast and immunofluorescent methods detected an unprecedented occurrence of Cryptosporidium in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
21
|
O'Ryan G M, Ashkenazi-Hoffnung L, O'Ryan-Soriano MA, Ashkenazi S. Management of acute infectious diarrhea for children living in resource-limited settings. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 12:621-32. [PMID: 24661314 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2014.901168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Acute infectious gastroenteritis continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children below 5 years of age, with the majority of deaths concentrated in 35 'low income' countries. In these countries the under five years of age mortality rates reach 100 per 1000 live births, of which a significant proportion are associated with acute diarrhea. Rotavirus, cryptosporidium, Shigella spp and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli are the main pathogens causing disease in these settings, although other bacteria and parasites can cause moderate to severe disease in different regions and situations. Treatment of children in these setting should be focused on appropriate rehydration, early hospitalization of severely malnourished children, zinc supplementation, and in specific situations, antimicrobials should be considered. The rationale for antimicrobial use should be based on the potential benefits based on published literature and the opportunity for use. This review provides a pathogen-specific update on the potential benefits of antimicrobials and suggests an empirical management approach for children suffering an acute watery or bloody diarrhea in a resource-limited region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel O'Ryan G
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|