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Schmidt C, Gummesson A, Bäckhed F, Bergström G, Söderberg M. Psychosocial work conditions and prediabetes risks: a cross-sectional study in middle-aged men and women. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1198. [PMID: 36681698 PMCID: PMC9867778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Prediabetes is a condition between diabetes and normoglycemia, and is a state of major health concern, as a large proportion of people with prediabetes are likely to develop diabetes which is associated with high mortality and morbidity. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether adverse psychosocial work conditions, based on the Job Demand-Control-social support model, increases risk for early dysregulated glucose metabolism in 50-64-year-old men and women. Job conditions were measured with the Swedish Demand-Control-Support questionnaire. Impaired glucose metabolism was assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test. Differences between groups were analyzed with Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) between Job Demand-control-support and prediabetes outcome were calculated with multiple logistic regression. Results from an adjusted logistic regression model showed that in men and woman separately, an active work situation (high demands-high control) was associated with significantly lower prediabetes risk (OR 0.657, 95% CI 0.513-0.842). This finding is consistent through all logistic regression models with different levels of adjustments. Further, the current study does not lend support for the hypothesis that work conditions characterized by high demands-low control were associated with dysregulated glucose metabolism in men nor women despite accumulation of many life-style related risk factors in the high strain group. In conclusion, we could show that men and women assessing their work conditions as active, had lower risk for prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schmidt
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Gummesson
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - F Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - M Söderberg
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Norrbäck M, Neovius M, Ottosson J, Näslund I, Bruze G. Earnings and work loss from 5 years before to 5 years after bariatric surgery: A cohort study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285379. [PMID: 37200271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The personal economic impact of bariatric surgery is not well-described. OBJECTIVES To examine earnings and work loss from 5 years before to 5 years after bariatric surgery compared with the general population. SETTING Nationwide matched cohort study in the Swedish health care system. METHODS Patients undergoing primary bariatric surgery (n = 15,828) and an equal number of comparators from the Swedish general population were identified and matched on age, sex, place of residence, and educational level. Annual taxable earnings (primary outcome) and annual work loss (secondary outcome combining months with sick leave and disability pension) were retrieved from Statistics Sweden. Participants were included in the analysis until the year of study end, emigration or death. RESULTS From 5 years before to 5 years after bariatric surgery, earnings increased for patients overall and in subgroups defined by education level and sex, while work loss remained relatively constant. Bariatric patients and matched comparators from the general population increased their earnings in a near parallel fashion, from 5 years before (mean difference -$3,489 [95%CI -3,918 to -3,060]) to 5 years after surgery (-$4,164 [-4,709 to -3,619]). Work loss was relatively stable within both groups but with large absolute differences both at 5 years before (1.09 months, [95%CI 1.01 to 1.17]) and 5 years after surgery (1.25 months, [1.11 to 1.40]). CONCLUSIONS Five years after treatment, bariatric surgery had not reduced the gap in earnings and work loss between surgery patients and matched comparators from the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Norrbäck
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Neovius
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Ottosson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Department of Surgery, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Näslund
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Department of Surgery, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Bruze
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Leachman JR, Heier K, Lei F, Ahmed N, Dalmasso C, Duncan MS, Loria AS. Sex and race define the effects of adverse childhood experiences on self-reported BMI and metabolic health biomarkers. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:29. [PMID: 35706066 PMCID: PMC9202152 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are an independent risk factor for chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, stroke and ischemic heart disease. However, the effect of ACEs considering sex and race are not often reported in cohorts showing multiracial composition, with power to evaluate effects on underrepresented populations. AIM To determine how sex and race affected the association of combined and individual ACEs with metabolic health biomarkers in the Southern Community Cohort Study (2012-2015). METHODS Self-reported data were analyzed from ACE surveys performed during the second follow-up of a cohort comprised by over 60% of Black subjects and with an overall mean age of 60 years. RESULTS BMI steadily increased with cumulative ACEs among Black and White women, but remained relatively stable in White men with ≥ 4 ACEs. Contrary, Black men showed an inverse association between ACE and BMI. Secondary analysis of metabolic outcomes showed that physical abuse was correlated with a 4.85 cm increase in waist circumference in Black subjects. Total cholesterol increased among individuals with more than 4 ACEs. In addition, increases in HbA1c were associated with emotional and maternal abuse in Black women and sexual abuse in White women. CONCLUSIONS BMI is strongly associated with cumulative ACEs in women regardless the race, while waist circumference is strongly associated with ACEs in Black individuals, which combined with reduced BMI may indicate increased central adiposity in Black men. Our study suggests that sex and race influence the contribution of certain ACEs to impair metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline R Leachman
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0200, USA
| | - Kory Heier
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Feitong Lei
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nermin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0200, USA
| | - Carolina Dalmasso
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0200, USA
| | - Meredith S Duncan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Center for Health Equity Transformation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.
| | - Analia S Loria
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0200, USA.
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Ou YK, Liu Y, Chang YP, Lee BO. Relationship between Musculoskeletal Disorders and Work Performance of Nursing Staff: A Comparison of Hospital Nursing Departments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18137085. [PMID: 34281022 PMCID: PMC8297183 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and the work performance of nursing staff. This cross-sectional study used the Checklist for Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), and the Work Ability Index to survey the prevalence of MSDs, as well as to determine the impact of MSDs on 117 nursing staff working in an emergency department, an intensive care unit, and general wards. The findings indicate that the nursing staff were exposed to a workplace environment with a high risk of MSDs. Nursing staff in the emergency department were at a particularly high risk of MSDs in their upper and lower limbs, while those working in the intensive care unit had a particularly high risk of injuries caused by manual material handling. Analyzing the relationship between MSD risk factors and NMQ scores showed a 6 times, 3.25 times, and 2.28 times increase in MSD conditions with a high workload compared to a low workload in the hand and wrist, the lower back or waist, and the knee, respectively. Medium and high workloads were found to increase the risk of MSD, which in turn affected the work ability of the nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Kun Ou
- Department of Creative Product Design, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 710301, Taiwan;
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Medical Research, School of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ping Chang
- School of Nursing, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, New York, NY 14214-3079, USA;
| | - Bih-O Lee
- Department of Medical Research, School of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2625)
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Earnings and employment for women after bariatric surgery: a matched cohort study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:766-775. [PMID: 33495524 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Bariatric surgery induces durable weight loss and improves health and quality of life. Less is known about how bariatric surgery affects labour market outcomes. This study examined the development of earnings and employment status among women with obesity who underwent bariatric surgery versus matched comparators. SUBJECTS/METHODS This study included two cohorts of women in Sweden who gave birth between 1992 and 2014: a cohort with bariatric patients and their full sisters (sister cohort) and a cohort with bariatric patients and comparators matched on BMI, education, birth year, and previous cardiovascular, psychiatric, and musculoskeletal inpatient care diagnoses (BMI-matched cohort). Taxable annual earnings were retrieved from the Swedish Income Tax Register from 2 years before to 5 years after surgery. Employment status was measured dichotomously (employed/not employed) based on earnings data. Adjusted mean and prevalence differences were estimated for earnings and employment by ordinary least squares regression. RESULTS The sister cohort included 1400 patient-sister pairs. At baseline, patients and their sisters were of similar age (38.3 vs. 38.6 years) but had different BMI (37.3 vs. 26.7 kg/m2). The BMI-matched cohort included 2967 patient-comparator pairs with similar age (36.1 vs. 36.2 years) and BMI (37.1 vs. 37.0 kg/m2) before surgery. During follow-up, similar developments of earnings and employment status were observed between bariatric patients and the comparators in both cohorts. When comparing absolute levels of earnings in the sister cohort, the difference in earnings at 2 years before surgery [mean difference -$4137 (95% CI -5245 to -3028)] was similar to the difference in earnings at 5 years after surgery [-$5620 (-7024 to -4215)]. Similar results were found in the BMI-matched cohort, but of smaller magnitude. CONCLUSIONS Bariatric surgery had little influence on the development of annual earnings and employment for women with obesity in Sweden over 5 years after surgery.
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Reid A, Daly A, LaMontagne AD, Milner A, Ronda Pérez E. Descriptive study of workplace demand, control and bullying among migrant and Australian-born workers by gender: does workplace support make a difference? BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033652. [PMID: 32595148 PMCID: PMC7322333 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between bullying in migrants and Australians and types of workplace Iso-strain, by gender. DESIGN AND SETTING Two descriptive cross-sectional surveys of the Australian working population. PARTICIPANTS Australian-born workers of Caucasian ancestry (n=1051, participant response rate=87.3%) and workers born in New Zealand (n=566), India (n=633) and the Philippines (n=431) (participant response rate=79.5%). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES MEASURES Using logistic regression, we examined whether self-reported assessment of various forms of bullying in the workplace was associated with Iso-strain (job with high demands and low control and without social support), gender and migrant status. RESULTS The prevalence of workplace bullying within the previous year was 14.5%. Sexual harassment, though rare (n=47, 1.8%), was reported by more women than men (83% vs 17%, χ2=19.3, p<0.0001) and more Australia or New Zealand born workers compared to India or the Philippines workers (75.5% vs 25.5%, χ2=4.6, p=0.032). Indian-born women had lower adjusted OR for being bullied and for being intimidated compared to other women. Independent of migrant status, Iso-strain (1), (low support from boss) and Iso-strain (2), (low support from colleagues) predicted being bullied. Women were more likely to be in an Iso-strain (1) job than men (18.7% vs 13.6%, p=0.013) and had twice the risk of being both verbally abused and intimidated compared to men (OR 9 vs OR 5.5, p<0.0001). CONCLUSION Workplace bullying was more likely for women than men. There were few differences between workers from different migrant groups. Iso-strain was the strongest predictor of workplace bullying. Workplaces should encourage supportive and collegiate work environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Reid
- School of Public Health, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alison Daly
- School of Public Health, Curtin University Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony D LaMontagne
- Population Health Strategic Research Centre, School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allison Milner
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena Ronda Pérez
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Area, University of Alicante, Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Centre for Research in Occupational Health (CISAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Serrano-Checa R, Hita-Contreras F, Jiménez-García JD, Achalandabaso-Ochoa A, Aibar-Almazán A, Martínez-Amat A. Sleep Quality, Anxiety, and Depression Are Associated with Fall Risk Factors in Older Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4043. [PMID: 32517112 PMCID: PMC7312056 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gait, dynamic balance, and functional mobility problems are well-known fall risk factors. Furthermore, sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression are prevalent among older women. This study aimed to analyze the associations of sleep quality, anxiety, and depression with functional mobility, gait speed, and dynamic balance in community-dwelling postmenopausal women aged ≥ 60 years. A total of 271 women (69.18 ± 5.69 years) participated in this study. Functional mobility (Timed Up-and-Go Test), dynamic balance (3-meter tandem walk test), gait speed (OptoGait® optical detection system), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) were assessed. Our results showed that poor sleep efficiency and the use of sleeping medication were related to decreased gait speed (R2 = 0.072). Poor functional mobility was linked to depression and the use of sleeping medication (R2 = 0.159). Additionally, increased symptoms of anxiety and depression were associated with worsened dynamic balance (R2 = 0.127). In conclusion, poorer sleep quality is associated with slower gait speed and reduced functional mobility, which is also related, along with impaired dynamic balance, to higher levels of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Serrano-Checa
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (R.S.-C.); (F.H.-C.); (A.A.-O.); (A.A.-A.); (A.M.-A.)
| | - Fidel Hita-Contreras
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (R.S.-C.); (F.H.-C.); (A.A.-O.); (A.A.-A.); (A.M.-A.)
| | - José Daniel Jiménez-García
- MOVE-IT Research Group and Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Alexander Achalandabaso-Ochoa
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (R.S.-C.); (F.H.-C.); (A.A.-O.); (A.A.-A.); (A.M.-A.)
| | - Agustín Aibar-Almazán
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (R.S.-C.); (F.H.-C.); (A.A.-O.); (A.A.-A.); (A.M.-A.)
| | - Antonio Martínez-Amat
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (R.S.-C.); (F.H.-C.); (A.A.-O.); (A.A.-A.); (A.M.-A.)
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Dong H, Zhang Q, Zhu C, Lv Q. Sleep quality of nurses in the emergency department of public hospitals in China and its influencing factors: a cross-sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:116. [PMID: 32349759 PMCID: PMC7191763 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that poor sleep could result in many unpleasant consequences and is prevalent in nurses. Considering the fact of high stress, overwhelming workload and many night shifts in the emergency department in China, this study aimed to evaluate the current status of emergency nurses’ sleep quality in public hospitals in Shandong, China and explored its influencing factors. Methods A self-administered questionnaire incorporating the Job Content Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was conducted among 4856 emergency nurses in five randomly selected city emergency command systems in Shandong, China. The association of potential influencing factors, including occupational, psychosocial and individual factors, with poor sleep (PSQI> 5) was quantified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The average PSQI score of 4730 emergency nurses in public hospitals was 8.2 ± 3.9, including 3114 (65.8%) subjects with PSQI > 5 and 2905 (61.4%) > 8; these figures were found highest for 337 emergency nurses in 14 tertiary hospitals with 11.8 ± 4.3, 257 (76.3%) and 232 (68.8%), followed by 1044 emergency nurses in 43 secondary hospitals with 9.5 ± 3.9, 725 (69.4%) and 675 (64.7%) and 3349 emergency nurses in 167 primary hospitals with 7.4 ± 3.5, 2132 (63.7%) and 1998 (59.7%). The following factors were associated with poor sleep: hospital level (tertiary vs. primary, secondary vs. primary), female sex, less of exercise, long work hours per week, many patients in the charge of at night, high monthly night shift frequency (4–6 vs. never, ≥7 vs. never) and high occupational stress. Conclusions The sleep quality of emergency nurses in public hospitals in China was poor, especially in tertiary hospitals. Many factors as listed above, especially occupational stress, night shift taking and workload at night, should be considered when improving emergency nurses’ sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Dong
- Shouguang People's Hospital. Shouguang People's Hospital, NO. 3173 Jiankang Street, Shouguang, Weifang, 262700, Shandong Province, China. .,School of Nursing, Weifang University of Science and Technology, NO. 1299 Jinguang Street, Shouguang, Weifang, 262700, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Shouguang People's Hospital. Shouguang People's Hospital, NO. 3173 Jiankang Street, Shouguang, Weifang, 262700, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chunji Zhu
- Shouguang People's Hospital. Shouguang People's Hospital, NO. 3173 Jiankang Street, Shouguang, Weifang, 262700, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qian Lv
- Shouguang People's Hospital. Shouguang People's Hospital, NO. 3173 Jiankang Street, Shouguang, Weifang, 262700, Shandong Province, China
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Wesołowska K, Elovainio M, Gluschkoff K, Hietapakka L, Kaihlanen AM, Lehtoaro S, Heponiemi T. Psychosocial work environment and cross-cultural competence among native and foreign-born registered nurses. Res Nurs Health 2019; 42:349-357. [PMID: 31310012 DOI: 10.1002/nur.21970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cross-cultural competence is an essential component of the nursing profession, but little is known about the specific psychosocial work characteristics that potentially promote or hinder such competence. In the present study, psychosocial work characteristics were based on Karasek's Job Demand-Control Model. The researchers examined whether Karasek's psychosocial work characteristics, such as high-strain jobs, high-strain isolated jobs, active jobs, and active collective jobs, are associated with cross-cultural competence (empathy, skills, positive attitudes, and motivation), and whether there are differences between native and foreign-born registered nurses (RN) in these potential associations. A random sample of 744 native RNs (91.0% women) and a total sample (n = 212) of foreign-born RNs (94.3% women) working in Finland were used. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed with a series of multiple linear regression analyses. High-strain and high-strain isolated jobs were negatively associated with all four dimensions of cross-cultural competence. Active collective jobs, but not active jobs, were positively associated with cross-cultural skills. There were no differences between native and migrant nurses in these associations. The psychosocial work environment is associated with cross-cultural competence in both native and migrant nurses. Improvements in psychosocial working conditions, especially minimizing negative factors in the work environment, such as high-strain and high-strain isolated jobs, may need to be considered as a part of the efforts aimed to enhance cross-cultural competence among nursing personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wesołowska
- Department of Social and Health Systems Research, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Department of Social and Health Systems Research, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kia Gluschkoff
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Hietapakka
- Department of Social and Health Systems Research, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu-Marja Kaihlanen
- Department of Social and Health Systems Research, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Lehtoaro
- Department of Social and Health Systems Research, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Heponiemi
- Department of Social and Health Systems Research, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Janiak E, Freeman S, Maurer R, Berkman LF, Goldberg AB, Bartz D. Relationship of job role and clinic type to perceived stigma and occupational stress among abortion workers. Contraception 2018; 98:517-521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hedgeman E, Hasson RE, Karvonen-Gutierrez CA, Herman WH, Harlow SD. Perceived stress across the midlife: longitudinal changes among a diverse sample of women, the Study of Women's health Across the Nation (SWAN). Womens Midlife Health 2018; 4. [PMID: 29973982 PMCID: PMC6027744 DOI: 10.1186/s40695-018-0032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In women, midlife is a period of social and physiological change. Ostensibly stressful, cross-sectional studies suggest women experience decreasing stress perceptions and increasing positive outlook during this life stage. The aim of this paper was to describe the longitudinal changes in perceived stress as women transitioned through the midlife. Methods Premenopausal women (n = 3044) ages 42-52 years at baseline, were recruited from seven sites in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, and followed approximately annually over 13 visits with assessment of perceived stress and change in menopausal status. Longitudinal regression models were used to assess the effects of age, menopausal status and baseline sociodemographic variables on the trajectory of perceived stress over time. Results At baseline, mean age was 46.4 ± 2.7 years; participants were white (47%), black (29%), Hispanic (7%), Japanese (9%), or Chinese (8%). Hispanic women, women with lesser educational attainment, and women reporting financial hardship were each more likely to report high perceived stress levels at baseline (all p < 0.0001). After adjustment for baseline sociodemographic factors, perceived stress decreased over time for most women (p < 0.0001), but increased for both Hispanic and white participants at the New Jersey site (p < 0.0001). Changing menopausal status was not a significant predictor of perceived stress. Conclusions Self-reported stress decreased for most women as they transitioned across the midlife; changing menopausal status did not play a significant role after adjustment for age and sociodemographic factors. Future studies should explore the stress experience for women by racial/ethnic identity and demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hedgeman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 6610B SPH I, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
| | - Rebecca E Hasson
- School of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Carrie A Karvonen-Gutierrez
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 6610B SPH I, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
| | - William H Herman
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Siobán D Harlow
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 6610B SPH I, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
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Defebvre É. Harder, better, faster … Yet stronger? Working conditions and self-declaration of chronic diseases. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2018; 27:e59-e76. [PMID: 29152815 DOI: 10.1002/hec.3619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The role played by working conditions in worker health status has been widely acknowledged in the literature in general but has received less attention in economics, due to the inherent statistical biases and lack of data available to determine the role of simultaneous and chronic exposures. This study aims to estimate the causal impact of detrimental working conditions on the self-declaration of chronic diseases in France. Using a rebuilt retrospective lifelong panel and defining indicators for physical and psychosocial strains, I implement a mixed econometric strategy that relies on difference-in-differences and matching methods to take into account for selection biases as well as unobserved heterogeneity. For men and women, I find deleterious effects of both types of working conditions on the declaration of chronic diseases after exposure, with varying patterns of impacts according to the nature and magnitude of the strains. These results provide insights into the debate on legal retirement age postponement and justify not only policies being enacted early in individuals' careers in order to prevent subsequent midcareer health repercussions, but also schemes that are more focused on psychosocial risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Defebvre
- Érudite, Paris-Est Créteil University, Créteil, France
- Tepp FR n°3435-CNRS, France
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Godin I, Desmarez P, Mahieu C. Company size, work-home interference, and well-being of self-employed entrepreneurs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 75:69. [PMID: 29234494 PMCID: PMC5719759 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-017-0243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The impact of working conditions on the health and well-being of workers of large enterprises has been widely described. This influence has not been studied as extensively in very small and medium-sized enterprises mainly due to methodological difficulties. Smaller organisations nevertheless constitute a reality that needs to be better understood. Methodology The aim of this article is to better understand the working conditions of entrepreneurs in small and medium-sized enterprises, to describe the impact of these conditions on their health and well-being, and to learn how their work affects their private lives. This is why a study was conducted in 2015–2016 on a selected sample of entrepreneurs in the Brussels-Capital Region (n = 140). The survey form included questions pertaining to the work environment, motivations underlying the choice of activities, robustness of the business, work-home interference, work-related stress, work satisfaction, self-reported health indicators, and socio-demographic status. The results were compared with those from another survey on workers in small shops conducted between 2012 and 2015 within the same Region (n = 104). Results The number of entrepreneurs who participated in the survey added up to 140, with an even distribution between men and women. Two results are highlighted. The first concerns the difficulties faced by entrepreneurs working with a small team (1 to 4 employees): they are more stressed, report having heavy workloads, describe their health more negatively, consume more sedatives, and claim to suffer from loneliness more often than those working with larger teams or alone. Comparatively, in the study on shopkeepers, business owners working alone found themselves in a worse situation regarding their health and well-being. The second finding involves the difficulties entrepreneurs face when it comes to combining work and family life, and for which gender inequalities were noted. This phenomenon remains insufficiently explored amongst small business owners. Conclusion In spite of the difficulties encountered at work, commitment to their chosen profession remains strong amongst entrepreneurs. Our results enable us underscore the aspects of entrepreneurial activity that should be taken into account whilst setting up support mechanisms or promoting entrepreneurship, especially amongst and for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Godin
- School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808, Route de Lennik, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pierre Desmarez
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Céline Mahieu
- School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808, Route de Lennik, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Pelfrene E, Leynen F, Mak RP, De Bacquer D, Kornitzer M, De Backer G. Relationship of perceived job stress to total coronary risk in a cohort of working men and women in Belgium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 10:345-54. [PMID: 14663296 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjr.0000095048.46631.f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationships of job strain and iso-strain psychosocial work environment exposures to 'total coronary risk' (TCR) in a cohort of male and female workers in Belgium. METHODS The sample consists of 15,079 men and 4639 women aged 35-59 years employed in a wide range of occupations and free of any self-reported personal history of CHD. Karasek's job strain model was used to define high strain (high demands and low control), low strain, active and passive jobs. Iso-strain was defined as the combination of a high strain job with low worksite social support, and is compared to the other combinations. Total coronary risk is a composite measure based on a Framingham function assessing the risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) within the next 10 years; high and low levels of TCR were defined. Logistic regressions in each gender were applied to explore relationships, adjusting for age, level of education, occupational class and sector of employment. RESULTS In male workers, the age-adjusted prevalence of high TCR is highest in (1) in the lowest quartile group of job control and (2) in the 'high strain' group. The multivariate logistic regressions comparing high strain, active and passive work exposures to low strain work did not indicate a significant association with high TCR. Likewise, iso-strain jobs were neither found to be associated with high TCR. CONCLUSION Our cross-sectional analysis provides no support for the hypothesis that the psychosocial work environment is strongly associated with the TCR estimate in healthy workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Pelfrene
- Vakgroep Maatschappelijke Gezondheidkunde, Universiteit Gent, University Hospital, De Pintelaan, Gent, Belgium
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Musich S, Hook D, Baaner S, Spooner M, Edington DW. The Association of Corporate Work Environment Factors, Health Risks, and Medical Conditions with Presenteeism among Australian Employees. Am J Health Promot 2016; 21:127-36. [PMID: 17152252 DOI: 10.4278/0890-1171-21.2.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To investigate the impact of selected corporate environment factors, health risks, and medical conditions on job performance using a self-reported measure of presenteeism. Design. A cross-sectional survey utilizing health risk appraisal (HRA) data merging presenteeism with corporate environment factors, health risks, and medical conditions. Setting. Approximately 8000 employees across ten diverse Australian corporations. Subjects. Employees (N = 1523; participation rate, 19%) who completed an HRA questionnaire. Measures. Self-reported HRA data were used to test associations of defined adverse corporate environment factors with presenteeism. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression modeling assessed the relative associations of corporate environment factors, health risks, and medical conditions with increased odds of any presenteeism. Results. Increased presenteeism was significantly associated with poor working conditions, ineffective management/leadership, and work/life imbalance (adjusting for age, gender, health risks, and medical conditions). In multivariate logistic regression models, work/life imbalance, poor working conditions, life dissatisfaction, high stress, back pain, allergies, and younger age were significantly associated with presenteeism. Conclusions. Although the study has some limitations, including a possible response bias caused by the relatively low participation rate across the corporations, the study does demonstrate significant associations between corporate environment factors, health risks, and medical conditions and self-reported presenteeism. The study provides initial evidence that health management programming may benefit on-the-job productivity outcomes if expanded to include interventions targeting work environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Musich
- Health Management Research Center, University of Michigan, 1027 E. Huron Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48104-1688 USA.
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Haber LT, Patterson J. Report of an independent peer review of an acrylonitrile risk assessment. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 24:487-527. [PMID: 16270753 DOI: 10.1191/0960327105ht552oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A peer review panel made up of experts in toxicology, epidemiology, cancer mode of action (MOA), cancer mechanisms, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, dose–response, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cancer and noncancer methods, pharmacokinetic modeling and acrylonitrile, met on 22–23 September 2003 in Cincinnati, OH. The purpose of the meeting was to provide an independent review of a risk assessment of acrylonitrile that had been prepared by the Acrylonitrile Group (AN Group). Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment (TERA) organized the peer review and selected the panel. The panel discussed the toxicity and epidemiology literature of acrylonitrile and MOA information, and reached conclusions regarding its MOA, weight of evidence (WOE) for carcinogenicity, preferred approach for dose-response assessment and risk values. This paper summarizes the discussion and conclusions of the panel regarding the acrylonitrile assessment. Subsequent to the peer review, the authors of the acrylonitrile assessment revised their report and the panel reviewed the revised report. A manuscript of the revised assessment is being published in Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology.
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Norrbäck M, De Munter J, Tynelius P, Ahlström G, Rasmussen F. The association of mobility disability, weight status and job strain: A cross-sectional study. Scand J Public Health 2015; 44:311-9. [PMID: 26674491 DOI: 10.1177/1403494815618112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The study investigated whether people with mobility disability (MD) and/or obesity had higher job strain than people without it, and whether social support at work modifies this association. METHODS The study included 35,160 individuals (25-64 years of age) from the Stockholm Public Health Surveys of 2006 and 2010. Data on MD and obesity (BMI ⩾ 30 kg/m(2)calculated from weight (kg) and height (m)) were self-reported. According to the Demand-Control-Support theory job strain, collective strain, and isolated strain were calculated for six groups of people based on the presence of MD and obesity, using the subtraction approach (demand minus control). Differences in job strain mean scores were estimated by multivariate linear regression. Social support at work was analyzed as a potential effect modifier (high/low). RESULTS Obese people with MD had the highest job strain (β = 0.92, 95% CI 0.64-1.19), compared to normal weight people without MD (reference group). We found that social support at work significantly (p<0.001) modifies the association between job strain, MD and obesity. Obese people with MD had the highest isolated strain (β = 2.92, 95% CI 2.52-3.31), and the highest collective strain, although of smaller magnitude (β = 0.34, 95% CI 0.05-0.63), compared to the reference group. CONCLUSIONS Obese people with MD perceive higher job strain than non-disabled people of normal weight. Strategies aiming to increase the social support at work may be important for this group of people to prevent them from experiencing unhealthy job strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Norrbäck
- Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Science, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Jeroen De Munter
- Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Science, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Per Tynelius
- Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Science, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Gerd Ahlström
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Finn Rasmussen
- Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Science, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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Williams JAR, Rosenstock L. Squeezing blood from a stone: how income inequality affects the health of the American workforce. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:616-21. [PMID: 25713936 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Income inequality is very topical-in both political and economic circles-but although income and socioeconomic status are known determinants of health status, income inequality has garnered scant attention with respect to the health of US workers. By several measures, income inequality in the United States has risen since 1960. In addition to pressures from an increasingly competitive labor market, with cash wages losing out to benefits, workers face pressures from changes in work organization. We explored these factors and the mounting evidence of income inequality as a contributing factor to poorer health for the workforce. Although political differences may divide the policy approaches undertaken, addressing income inequality is likely to improve the overall social and health conditions for those affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Allia R Williams
- Jessica Allia R. Williams is with the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA. Linda Rosenstock is with the Departments of Health Policy and Management and Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Fielding School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, UCLA Geffen School of Medicine
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Fan LB, Blumenthal JA, Watkins LL, Sherwood A. Work and home stress: associations with anxiety and depression symptoms. Occup Med (Lond) 2015; 65:110-6. [PMID: 25589707 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqu181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the evolving work environment of global competition, the associations between work and home stress and psychological well-being are not well understood. AIMS To examine the impact of psychosocial stress at work and at home on anxiety and depression. METHODS In medically healthy employed men and women (aged 30-60), serial regression analyses were used to determine the independent association of psychosocial stress at work and at home with depression symptoms, measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and anxiety symptoms, measured using the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Psychosocial stress at work was measured using the Job Content Questionnaire to assess job psychological demands, job control, job social support and job insecurity. Psychosocial stress at home was assessed by 12 questions including stress at home, personal problems, family demands and feelings about home life. RESULTS Serial regression analyses in 129 subjects revealed that job insecurity and home stress were most strongly associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. Job insecurity accounted for 9% of the variation both in BDI-II scores and in STAI scores. Home stress accounted for 13 and 17% of the variation in BDI-II scores and STAI scores, respectively. In addition, job social support was significantly and independently associated with STAI scores but not BDI-II scores. CONCLUSIONS Work and home stress were associated with anxiety and depression symptoms in both men and women. Both work and home stress should be considered in studies evaluating anxiety and depression in working populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-B Fan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Cheng Gong New City, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - J A Blumenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - L L Watkins
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - A Sherwood
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA,
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Ochodo C, Ndetei DM, Moturi WN, Otieno JO. External built residential environment characteristics that affect mental health of adults. J Urban Health 2014; 91:908-27. [PMID: 24464242 PMCID: PMC4199438 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-013-9852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
External built residential environment characteristics include aspects of building design such as types of walls, doors and windows, green spaces, density of houses per unit area, and waste disposal facilities. Neighborhoods that are characterized by poor quality external built environment can contribute to psychosocial stress and increase the likelihood of mental health disorders. This study investigated the relationship between characteristics of external built residential environment and mental health disorders in selected residences of Nakuru Municipality, Kenya. External built residential environment characteristics were investigated for 544 residents living in different residential areas that were categorized by their socioeconomic status. Medically validated interview schedules were used to determine mental health of residents in the respective neighborhoods. The relationship between characteristics of the external built residential environment and mental health of residents was determined by multivariable logistic regression analyses and chi-square tests. The results show that walling materials used on buildings, density of dwelling units, state of street lighting, types of doors, states of roofs, and states of windows are some built external residential environment characteristics that affect mental health of adult males and females. Urban residential areas that are characterized by poor quality external built environment substantially expose the population to daily stressors and inconveniences that increase the likelihood of developing mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ochodo
- Department of Environmental Science, Egerton University, P.O Box 536, Egerton, Njoro, Kenya,
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Lornudd C, Tafvelin S, von Thiele Schwarz U, Bergman D. The mediating role of demand and control in the relationship between leadership behaviour and employee distress: a cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud 2014; 52:543-54. [PMID: 25190527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between leadership and employee distress is well established, however, the processes involved in this relationship remain largely unclear. For a stretched nursing workforce, understanding in what ways leadership may influence employee distress is particularly important. OBJECTIVES To examine possible mediating effects of the work environment factors demand and control in the relationship between leadership behaviour in change, production, and employee orientation and employee distress. DESIGN Cross-sectional study design. SETTINGS The study was conducted at a large county council in Sweden providing both institutional and non-institutional care. PARTICIPANTS A random sample of 1249 employees (primarily nurses, but also a wide range of other healthcare professionals and administrative staff), who had a healthcare manager that was about to enter a leadership development programme (n=171), responded to a web-based questionnaire. The response rate was 62%. METHODS The employees rated their healthcare managers' behaviour in change, production, and employee orientation, as well as their own perceptions of level of demand, control (subdivided into decision authority and skill discretion), and five distress outcomes. Multilevel analysis was performed. RESULTS The mediators demand, decision authority, and skill discretion were significant predictors of all five distress outcomes for all three leadership orientations. In eight of 15 regressions, the mediators fully explained the relationships between leadership orientations and outcomes. Four of five relationships with distress outcomes were fully mediated for change-oriented leadership, whereas two of five outcomes were fully mediated for production- and employee-oriented leadership. In all three leadership orientations, the relationship between the mediator skill discretion and the distress measure disengagement were particularly strong, with B-coefficients (-.44, p<.001) twice as high as for any of the other relationships. CONCLUSIONS It seems that the way that employees perceive healthcare managers' change-oriented behaviour, and how that aspect is related to employee distress, is primarily explained by perception of demand and control. Furthermore, regardless of leadership behaviour orientation, how employees perceive their opportunity to use specific job skills plays an important role in the interplay between perception of healthcare managers' behaviour and disengagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lornudd
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management, and Ethics, Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
| | | | - Ulrica von Thiele Schwarz
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management, and Ethics, Karolinska Institute, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - David Bergman
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management, and Ethics, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
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Job strain as a risk factor for the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus: findings from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg cohort study. Psychosom Med 2014; 76:562-8. [PMID: 25102002 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether job strain is associated with an increased risk of subsequent Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development in a population-based study of men and women. METHODS Data were derived from the prospective MONICA/KORA Augsburg study. We investigated 5337 working participants aged 29 to 66 years without diabetes at one of the three baseline surveys. Job strain was measured by the Karasek job content questionnaire. High job strain was defined by the quadrant approach, where high job demands combined with low job control were classified as high job strain. Continuous job strain (quotient of job demands divided by job control) was additionally analyzed as sensitivity analysis. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for age, sex, survey, socioeconomic and life-style variables, parental history of diabetes, and body mass index. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.7 years, 291 incident cases of T2DM were observed. The participants with high job strain at baseline had a 45% higher fully adjusted risk to develop T2DM than did those with low job strain (HR = 1.45 [95% confidence interval = 1.00-2.10], p = .048). On the continuous scale, more severe job strain in the magnitude of 1 standard deviation corresponded to a 12% increased fully adjusted T2DM risk (HR = 1.12 [95% confidence interval = 1.00-1.25], p = .045). CONCLUSIONS Men and women who experience high job strain are at higher risk for developing T2DM independently of traditional risk factors. Preventive strategies to combat the globally increasing T2DM epidemic should take into consideration the adverse effects of high strain in the work environment.
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Abstracts. Am J Health Promot 2014. [DOI: 10.4278/0890-1171-28.4.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Strain and health implications of nurses' shift work. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2014; 26:511-21. [PMID: 24057261 DOI: 10.2478/s13382-013-0122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study investigated whether nurses' different working schedules are associated with different levels of job-related strain, health symptoms and behavior. No reports have been accessible in the relevant literature on the possible association between shift work and job-related strain in nurses. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a large university hospital in North-East Italy, involving 806 nurses working in selected departments. A multilevel logistic regression was applied to assess the association between work shift conditions and selected outcomes. RESULTS Night shifts were associated not only with higher odds of having a high Job Demand, but also with lower odds of having a high Decision Authority and consequently with a stronger likelihood of having higher levels of Job Strain (high Job Demand score ≥ 38 and Low Decision Authority). The night shift was associated with various symptoms, particularly exhaustion (p = 0.039) and gastric pain (p = 0.020). Nurses' working schedules did not affect their job satisfaction scores. CONCLUSIONS It has been confirmed that night shifts are a risk factor for nurses' health perception and working night shifts carries a considerable degree of strain. This is a condition that hospital nursing managements need to consider carefully to avoid burnout in nursing personnel and prevent an excessive turnover in this profession, which is a recurring problem for health care organizations.
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Alexander JL, Dennerstein L, Woods NF, McEwen BS, Halbreich U, Kotz K, Richardson G. Role of stressful life events and menopausal stage in wellbeing and health. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 7:S93-113. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.7.11s.s93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Job strain and incident metabolic syndrome over 5 years of follow-up: the coronary artery risk development in young adults study. J Occup Environ Med 2013; 54:1447-52. [PMID: 23171915 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e3182783f27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theories of stress-induced metabolic syndrome predict that job strain would increase risk. Few studies have evaluated this association. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between job strain and the risk of metabolic syndrome. METHODS We investigated associations between job strain and incident metabolic syndrome adjusted for sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and depressive symptoms over 5 years among 2966 black and white men and women in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Job strain was categorized by Karasek's model: high demands/low control; high demands/high control; low demands/low control; and low demands/high control. RESULTS Compared with persons in low-strain jobs, men in active jobs (adjusted hazards ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 4.9) and women in high strain jobs (adjusted hazards ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 4.6) had significantly increased risk of metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION Job strain may be a modifiable risk factor for metabolic syndrome and subsequent cardiovascular disease.
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Perception des risques professionnels et psychosociaux au sein de l’ensemble hospitalier militaire parisien. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gram Quist H, Christensen U, Christensen KB, Aust B, Borg V, Bjorner JB. Psychosocial work environment factors and weight change: a prospective study among Danish health care workers. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:43. [PMID: 23327287 PMCID: PMC3599242 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lifestyle variables may serve as important intermediate factors between psychosocial work environment and health outcomes. Previous studies, focussing on work stress models have shown mixed and weak results in relation to weight change. This study aims to investigate psychosocial factors outside the classical work stress models as potential predictors of change in body mass index (BMI) in a population of health care workers. Methods A cohort study, with three years follow-up, was conducted among Danish health care workers (3982 women and 152 men). Logistic regression analyses examined change in BMI (more than +/− 2 kg/m2) as predicted by baseline psychosocial work factors (work pace, workload, quality of leadership, influence at work, meaning of work, predictability, commitment, role clarity, and role conflicts) and five covariates (age, cohabitation, physical work demands, type of work position and seniority). Results Among women, high role conflicts predicted weight gain, while high role clarity predicted both weight gain and weight loss. Living alone also predicted weight gain among women, while older age decreased the odds of weight gain. High leadership quality predicted weight loss among men. Associations were generally weak, with the exception of quality of leadership, age, and cohabitation. Conclusion This study of a single occupational group suggested a few new risk factors for weight change outside the traditional work stress models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Gram Quist
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersoe Parkalle 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Brekke I, Berg JE, Sletner L, Jenum AK. Doctor-certified sickness absence in first and second trimesters of pregnancy among native and immigrant women in Norway. Scand J Public Health 2013; 41:166-73. [PMID: 23296157 DOI: 10.1177/1403494812472005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The authors sought to estimate differences in doctor-certified sickness absence during pregnancy among immigrant and native women. METHODS Population-based cohort study of pregnant women attending three Child Health Clinics in Groruddalen, Oslo, and their offspring. Questionnaire data were collected at gestational weeks 10-20 and 28. The participation rate was 74%. A multivariate Poisson regression was used to analyse differences in sickness absence in pregnancy between immigrant and native women. RESULTS A total of 573 women who were employed prior to their pregnancies were included, 51% were immigrants. After adjusting for age, years of education, marital status, number of children, occupation, part-time/full-time work, health status, severe pregnancy-induced emesis and language proficiency, the immigrant/native differences in number of weeks with sickness absence decreased from 2.0 to 1.2 weeks. Part-time/full-time work, health status, severe pregnancy-induced emesis and language proficiency were significant predictors of sickness absence. CONCLUSION Immigrant women had higher sickness absence than native women during pregnancy. The difference in average number of weeks between native and immigrant women was partly explained by poorer health status prior to pregnancy, severe pregnancy-induced emesis and poorer proficiency in the Norwegian language among the immigrant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idunn Brekke
- Institute for Social Research, Oslo, Norway. Idunn.brekke@ samfunnsforskning.no
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Nakayama K, Yamaguchi K, Maruyama S, Morimoto K. The relationship of lifestyle factors, personal character, and mental health status of employees of a major Japanese electrical manufacturer. Environ Health Prev Med 2012; 5:144-9. [PMID: 21432403 DOI: 10.1007/bf02918290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2000] [Accepted: 07/07/2000] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the relationship lifestyle factors, personal character, mental health status, and job strain a self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among employees of a leading electrical manufacturing company in Japan. A total of 2,327 workers (Male=1,668, Female=659) responded to the survey. We analyzed the relationships of health practices based on such factors as: Free child (FC) from the Egogram, the Working-life satisfaction, and the General Health Questionnaire-28 through Path-analysis techniques.The following results were obtained: The mental health status was significantly affected by such factors as health practices, Working-life satisfaction, personal character (FC), life satisfaction, and age. Health practices and personal character (FC) showed a direct relationship to the mental health status and an indirect relationship to the Working-life satisfaction and life satisfaction. The variances accounting for mental health status were 41.8% in male workers and 43.8% in female workers.Path-analysis data suggested that mental health status was affected about 40% by lifestyle, personal character, Working-life satisfaction, and life satisfaction. It was suggested that there might be important factors affecting mental health status but which are unknown to us by as much as 60% in the present day. These findings suggested the necessity of further investigation of the relationship among lifestyle factors, mental health status, and job strain among employees of a reputable company in the present day.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakayama
- Matsushita Science Center of Industrial Hygiene, Osaka, Japan
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The relationship between job stress and body mass index using longitudinal data from Canada. Int J Public Health 2012; 57:807-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00038-012-0348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Job strain, work characteristics and back pain: A study in a University hospital. Eur J Pain 2012; 15:634-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jablonska B, Soares JJF, Sundin O. Pain among women: Associations with socio-economic and work conditions. Eur J Pain 2012; 10:435-47. [PMID: 16054408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2005] [Revised: 06/07/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined pain prevalence (general/body sites) and its characteristics/consequences among a randomised sample of women from the general population between 18 and 64 years (n=3,616). We also scrutinised associations between pain and various factors (e.g. socio-economic) by means of multivariate logistic/linear regression analyses. The women completed a questionnaire assessing various areas (e.g. pain). The design was cross-sectional and data were collected during 8 consecutive weeks. Sixty-three per cent of women reported pain during the last 3 months, of which 65% during more than 3 months. The multivariate analyses revealed associations between various socio-economic factors (e.g. financial strain) and pain in general/all studied body sites. In addition, psychosocial work conditions (i.e. work strain and social support) were significantly related to pain. Moreover, the multivariate analyses conducted among women with pain indicated relationships between socio-economic/psychosocial work conditions, and pain characteristics (e.g. intensity) and consequences (i.e. disability). A large number of women from the general population suffer from pain, in particularly prolonged pain. Women in a deprived socio-economic situation not only run a higher pain risk, but also experience their pain as more severe/disabling than their more privileged counterparts. Improvements of, for example, the socio-economic status among women living in deprived social and material circumstances, along with improved working environment may be crucial to reduce women's pain problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Jablonska
- Unit of Mental Health, Stockholm Centre of Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, P.O. Box 17533, SE-11891 Stockholm, Sweden
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Saastamoinen P, Laaksonen M, Leino-Arjas P, Lahelma E. Psychosocial risk factors of pain among employees. Eur J Pain 2012; 13:102-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2007] [Revised: 02/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Torres-Madriz G, Lerner D, Ruthazer R, Rogers WH, Wilson IB. Work-related barriers and facilitators to antiretroviral therapy adherence in persons living with HIV infection. AIDS Behav 2011; 15:1475-82. [PMID: 20091340 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-010-9667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about how the structure of work affects adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy. We surveyed participants in an adherence intervention study to learn more about job characteristics, including measures of psychological demand and control, and job accommodations. Adherence was assessed using the Medication Event Monitoring System. Of 156 trial subjects, 69 were employed, and these 69 made 229 study visits. Psychological demands and control were unrelated to adherence, but the presence of workplace accommodations was significantly associated with adherence (P < 0.05). In multivariable models adjusting for clustering, those who reported having received an accommodation were 12% more adherent than those who did not receive an accommodation. Adherence was unrelated to experiencing side effects affecting work performance. Having the ability to institute job accommodations was more important to adherence than the psychosocial structure of the work. These potential benefits of requesting modifications need to be weighed against the possible risks of workplace disclosure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Torres-Madriz
- The Department of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Azagba S, Sharaf MF. The effect of job stress on smoking and alcohol consumption. HEALTH ECONOMICS REVIEW 2011; 1:15. [PMID: 22827918 PMCID: PMC3403311 DOI: 10.1186/2191-1991-1-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the effect of job stress on two key health risk-behaviors: smoking and alcohol consumption, using data from the Canadian National Population Health Survey. Findings in the extant literature are inconclusive and are mainly based on standard models which can model differential responses to job stress only by observed characteristics. However, the effect of job stress on smoking and drinking may largely depend on unobserved characteristics such as: self control, stress-coping ability, personality traits and health preferences. Accordingly, we use a latent class model to capture heterogeneous responses to job stress. Our results suggest that the effects of job stress on smoking and alcohol consumption differ substantially for at least two "types" of individuals, light and heavy users. In particular, we find that job stress has a positive and statistically significant impact on smoking intensity, but only for light smokers, while it has a positive and significant impact on alcohol consumption mainly for heavy drinkers. These results provide suggestive evidence that the mixed findings in previous studies may partly be due to unobserved individual heterogeneity which is not captured by standard models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Azagba
- Department of Economics, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West Montréal, Quebec, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Mesbah F Sharaf
- Department of Economics, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West Montréal, Quebec, H3G 1M8, Canada
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Chan MF, Creedy DK, Chua TL, Lim CC. Exploring the psychological health related profile of nursing students in Singapore: a cluster analysis. J Clin Nurs 2011; 20:3553-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03807.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fletcher JM, Sindelar JL, Yamaguchi S. Cumulative effects of job characteristics on health. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2011; 20:553-70. [PMID: 21433217 PMCID: PMC3066461 DOI: 10.1002/hec.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We examine whether the job characteristics of physical demands and environmental conditions affect individual's health. Five-year cumulative measures of these job characteristics are used to reflect findings in the biological and physiological literature that indicate that cumulative exposure to hazards and stresses harms health. To create our analytic sample, we merge job characteristics from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles with the PSID data set. We control for early and also lagged health measures and a set of pre-determined characteristics to try to address concerns that individuals self-select into jobs. Our results indicate that individuals who work in jobs with the 'worst' conditions experience declines in their health, though this effect varies by demographic group. We also find some evidence that job characteristics are more detrimental to the health of females and older workers. Finally, we report suggestive evidence that earned income, a job characteristic, partially cushions the health impact of physical demands and harsh environmental conditions for workers. These results are robust to inclusion of occupation fixed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Fletcher
- Yale University, Health Policy and Administration, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Jody L. Sindelar
- Yale University, Health Policy and Administration, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Shintaro Yamaguchi
- McMaster University, Department of Economics, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON. Canada L8S 4M4
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Muenster E, Rueger H, Ochsmann E, Letzel S, Toschke AM. Association between overweight, obesity and self-perceived job insecurity in German employees. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:162. [PMID: 21401919 PMCID: PMC3063207 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown an association between job insecurity and morbidity as well as mortality, however until now, knowledge about a potential association between job insecurity and overweight or obesity has been lacking. METHODS In order to identify a possible association between job insecurity and overweight or obesity, we analysed data from the German Socioeconomic Panel (GSOEP) 2004/2005, a longitudinal study of private households in Germany. In this representative cohort of the German adult population, living and working conditions were observed. Data on Body Mass Index (BMI) and self-perceived probability of job loss within the next 2 years were available for 10,747 adults either employed or attending training programs. RESULTS We identified 5,216 (49%) individuals as being overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m²) and 1,358(13%) individuals as being obese (BMI > 30 kg/m²). A total of 5,941 (55%) participants reported having concerns regarding job insecurity. In the multivariate analysis--after adjustment for relevant confounders--a statistically significant association between obesity and job insecurity (100% probability for losing the job in the following two years) could be observed with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.55 (95% confidence interval: 1.09-5.96). CONCLUSIONS Because of these results, we were able to conclude that overweight and obese persons perceive job insecurity more often than their normal weight counterparts in Germany and that the concurrence of obesity and job insecurity might lead employees into a vicious cycle. Further research with an emphasis on the occupational setting might be necessary in order to establish useful preventive programmes at the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Muenster
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Center of the University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko Rueger
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Center of the University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elke Ochsmann
- Institute of Occupational and Social Medicine, University of Aachen, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Letzel
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Center of the University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - André M Toschke
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Preckel D, Meinel M, Kudielka BM, Haug HJ, Fischer JE. Effort-reward-imbalance, overcommitment and self-reported health: Is it the interaction that matters? JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1348/096317905x80183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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The differential impact of job isostrain and home-work interference on indicators of physical and mental health in women and men. J Occup Environ Med 2010; 52:1236-44. [PMID: 21124236 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e3181f6ff1f96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate (1) whether the physical and mental health of male workers differs from that of female workers, and, if so, whether (2) this is affected by the interplay between work and nonwork burden. METHODS We pooled two large Belgian databases (BELSTRESS III, SOMSTRESS) comprising data on 4810 (2847 women). Gender-specific logistic regressions were performed using a four-level variable as predictor. This combined two predictors: isolated job strain (isostrain) and home-work interference (HWI). RESULTS Male workers are at greater risk of chronic fatigue when they experience high isostrain but not high HWI. Although accumulated high isostrain and high HWI affect women mainly via chronic fatigue, the same pattern has a greater impact on men's perceived health. There was no difference for the other patterns. CONCLUSIONS To improve workers' well-being, organizations should develop work and nonwork balance policies specific for men and women.
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Souza SFD, Carvalho FM, Araújo TMD, Porto LA. Fatores psicossociais do trabalho e transtornos mentais comuns em eletricitários. Rev Saude Publica 2010; 44:710-7. [DOI: 10.1590/s0034-89102010000400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Identificar aspectos psicossociais do trabalho associados a transtornos mentais comuns em trabalhadores da manutenção de equipamentos e linhas de transmissão de energia elétrica. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com 158 trabalhadores do setor de manutenção de uma empresa de energia elétrica no Nordeste do Brasil. A variável independente principal foram os aspectos psicossociais do trabalho, medidos segundo o modelo demanda-controle (trabalho passivo, trabalho ativo, trabalho com baixa exigência e trabalho com alta exigência), e a variável dependente foi a prevalência dos transtornos mentais comuns, medida pelo Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). As relações entre as variáveis foram analisadas em modelos de regressão logística múltipla, considerando-se nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns foi de 20,3%, variando segundo as quatro categorias do modelo demanda-controle. O grupo com trabalho de alta exigência apresentou prevalência 2,7 vezes maior em relação ao grupo com trabalho de baixa exigência, após ajuste pelas covariáveis prática de atividade física, lazer, escolaridade e apoio social. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns esteve associada a aspectos psicossociais presentes no trabalho dos eletricitários, sobretudo o trabalho com alta exigência, assim como alta demanda psicológica e baixo apoio social.
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Ashing-Giwa KT, Lim JW. Exploring the association between functional strain and emotional well-being among a population-based sample of breast cancer survivors. Psychooncology 2010; 19:150-9. [PMID: 19253917 DOI: 10.1002/pon.1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast cancer survival and survivorship outcomes have improved dramatically; yet, there are still considerable morbidities associated with this illness. Functional strain is conceptualized as the unfavorable outcome of the functional well-being domain of health-related quality of life. This study intends to (1) examine the adequacy of the functional strain concept; (2) describe the level of functional strain and emotional well-being by ethnicity and job types; and (3) investigate the salient functional strain components influencing emotional well-being for breast cancer survivors (BCS) after controlling for ethnicity and job types. METHODS A cross-sectional design with mixed sampling methods was used. BCS were recruited from the California Cancer Surveillance Program, hospital registries and community agencies in Southern California. Functional strain was measured by assessing family and work burdens. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis established the adequacy of the two factors (family and work burdens) defining the functional strain. Findings demonstrated significant differences in functional strain by ethnicity and job types. Latina-Americans and homemakers/housewives showed the worst scores in functional strain variables. The final model examining the impact of functional strain components on emotional well-being explained 34% of the variance of emotional well-being. CONCLUSION Findings suggest the impact of cancer on family and work life varies by ethnic and demographic characteristics, such that Latino ethnicity and homemaker/housewife status may be risk factors for functional strain. Our findings imply that functional strain provides a reasonable concept that can be used to deepen our understanding and examination of the impact of functional status on emotional well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimlin T Ashing-Giwa
- Center of Community Alliance for Research and Education (CCARE), Division of Population Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010-3000, USA.
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Krause N, Rugulies R, Maslach C. Effort-reward imbalance at work and self-rated health of Las Vegas hotel room cleaners. Am J Ind Med 2010; 53:372-86. [PMID: 19650079 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the relationship between effort-reward-imbalance (ERI) at work and self-rated health (SF-36) among 941 Las Vegas hotel room cleaners (99% female, 84% immigrant). METHODS Logistic regression models adjust for age, health behaviors, physical workload and other potential confounders. RESULTS 50% reported ERI and 60% poor or fair general health. Significant associations were found between ERI and all SF-36 health measures. Workers in the upper quartile of the efforts/rewards ratio were 2-5 times more likely to experience poor or fair general health, low physical function, high levels of pain, fatigue, and role limitations due to physical and mental health problems. CONCLUSIONS The cross-sectional design limits causal interpretation of these associations. However, the development of interventions to reduce ERI and to improve general health among room cleaners deserves high priority considering that both high ERI and low self-rated health have predicted chronic diseases and mortality in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Krause
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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Takaki J, Minoura A, Irimajiri H, Hayama A, Hibino Y, Kanbara S, Sakano N, Ogino K. Interactive Effects of Job Stress and Body Mass Index on Over‐eating. J Occup Health 2010; 52:66-73. [DOI: 10.1539/joh.m9006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiro Takaki
- Department of Public HealthOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesJapan
| | - Akira Minoura
- Department of Public HealthOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesJapan
| | | | | | - Yuri Hibino
- Department of Environmental and Preventive MedicineGraduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa UniversityJapan
| | | | - Noriko Sakano
- Department of Public HealthOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesJapan
| | - Keiki Ogino
- Department of Public HealthOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesJapan
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Abstract
Adults with better jobs enjoy better health: job title was, in fact, the social gradient metric first used to study the relationship between social class and chronic disease etiology, a core finding now replicated in most developed countries. What has been less well proved is whether this correlation is causal, and if so, through what mechanisms. During the past decade, much research has been directed at these issues. Best evidence in 2009 suggests that occupation does affect health. Most recent research on the relationship has been directed at disentangling the pathways through which lower-status work leads to adverse health outcomes. This review focuses on six areas of recent progress: (1) the role of status in a hierarchical occupational system; (2) the roles of psychosocial job stressors; (3) effects of workplace physical and chemical hazard exposures; (4) evidence that work organization matters as a contextual factor; (5) implications for the gradient of new forms of nonstandard or "precarious" employment such as contract and shift work; and (6) emerging evidence that women may be impacted differently by adverse working conditions, and possibly more strongly, than men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerry Souza
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark R. Cullen
- Division of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Buchanan S, Vossenas P, Krause N, Moriarty J, Frumin E, Shimek JAM, Mirer F, Orris P, Punnett L. Occupational injury disparities in the US hotel industry. Am J Ind Med 2010; 53:116-25. [PMID: 19593788 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hotel employees have higher rates of occupational injury and sustain more severe injuries than most other service workers. METHOD OSHA log incidents from five unionized hotel companies for a three-year period were analyzed to estimate injury rates by job, company, and demographic characteristics. Room cleaning work, known to be physically hazardous, was of particular concern. RESULTS A total of 2,865 injuries were reported during 55,327 worker-years of observation. The overall injury rate was 5.2 injuries per 100 worker-years. The rate was highest for housekeepers (7.9), Hispanic housekeepers (10.6), and about double in three companies versus two others. Acute trauma rates were highest in kitchen workers (4.0/100) and housekeepers (3.9/100); housekeepers also had the highest rate of musculoskeletal disorders (3.2/100). Age, being female or Hispanic, job title, and company were all independently associated with injury risk. CONCLUSION Sex- and ethnicity-based disparities in injury rates were only partially due to the type of job held and the company in which the work was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Buchanan
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Lin YH, Chen CY, Hong WH, Lin YC. Perceived job stress and health complaints at a bank call center: comparison between inbound and outbound services. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2010; 48:349-356. [PMID: 20562511 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.48.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated how perceived job stress and health status differ, as well as the relationships to inbound (incoming calls) versus outbound (outgoing calls) calling activities, for call center workers in a bank in Taiwan. The sample bank employed 289 call center workers at the time of the survey, ranging in age from 19 to 54 yr old. Data were obtained on individual factors, health complaints, perceived level job stress, and major job stressors. Overall, 33.5% of outbound operators and 27.1% of inbound operators reported frequently or always experiencing high stress at work, however, the differences between inbound and outbound operators were insignificant. "Having to deal with difficult customers" was the most frequent job stressor for all workers. Musculoskeletal discomfort, eye strain, and hoarse or sore throat were the most prevalent complaints among call center workers. The relationship between perceived job stress and health complaints indicated that workers who perceived higher job stress had significantly increased risk of multiple health problems, including eye strain, tinnitus, hoarse or sore throat, chronic cough with phlegm, chest tightness, irritable stomach or peptic ulcers, and musculoskeletal discomfort (with odds ratios ranging from 2.13 to 8.24). These analytical results suggest that perceived job stress in the call center profoundly affected worker health. This study identified main types of job stressors requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hui Lin
- School of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC.
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50
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Assaults against nurses of general and psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2009; 83:823-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-009-0501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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