1
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Chen X, Li Y, Li G, Zhang X, Xie G, Huang Y, Yin H. Clinical significance of serum high sensitive C-reactive protein/albumin ratio in primary prostate biopsy. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1325524. [PMID: 38384810 PMCID: PMC10880019 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1325524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of serum high sensitive C-reactive protein/albumin ratio in primary prostate biopsy. Methods Retrospective analysis was done on the clinical data of 1679 patients who had their first transrectal or perineal prostate biopsy at our situation from 2010 to 2018. Prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were the pathologic diagnoses in 819 and 860 cases, respectively. A comparison was made between the HAR differences between PCa and BPH patients as well as the positive prostate biopsy rate differences between groups with increased and normal HAR. The results of the prostate biopsy were examined using logistic regression, and a model for predicting prostate cancer was created. The receiver characteristic curve (ROC) was used to determine the model's prediction effectiveness. The clinical models integrated into HAR were evaluated for their potential to increase classification efficacy using net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). According to the Gleason score (GS) categorization system, prostate cancer patients were separated into low, middle, and high GS groups. The differences in HAR between the various groups were then compared. The prevalence of high GSPCa and metastatic PCa in normal populations and the prevalence of higher HAR in prostate cancer patients were compared using the chi-square test. Result Patients with PCa had a median HAR (upper quartile to lower quartile) of 0.0379 (10-3), patients with BPH had a median HAR (0.0137 (10-3)), and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Patients with increased HAR and the normal group, respectively, had positive prostate biopsy rates of 52% (435/839)and 46% (384/840), and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that HAR (OR=3.391, 95%CI 2.082 ~ 4.977, P < 0.05), PSA density (PSAD) (OR=7.248, 95%CI 5.005 ~ 10.495, P < 0.05) and age (OR=1.076, 95%CI 1.056 ~ 1.096, P < 0.05) was an independent predictor of prostate biopsy results. Two prediction models are built: a clinical model based on age and PSAD, and a prediction model that adds HAR to the clinical model. The two models' ROC had area under the curves (AUC) of 0.814 (95%CI 0.78-0.83) and 0.815 (95%CI 0.79-0.84), respectively. When compared to a single blood total PSA (tPSA) with an AUC of 0.746 (95%CI 0.718-0.774), they were all superior. Nevertheless, there was no statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the two models. We assessed the prediction model integrated into HAR's capacity to increase classification efficiency using NRI and IDI, and we discovered that NRI>0, IDI>0, and the difference was statistically significant (P>0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in HAR between various GS groups for individuals who had prostate cancer as a consequence of biopsy (p<0.05). The incidence of high GS and metastatic patients was statistically significantly greater (p<0.05) in the HAR elevated group (90.1%and 39.3%, respectively) than in the HAR normal group (84.4% and 12.0%). Conclusion Prostate biopsy results that were positive were impacted by HAR, an independent factor that increased with the rate of PCa discovery. Patients with elevated HAR had a greater risk of high GS as well as metastatic PCa among those with recently diagnosed prostate cancer through prostate biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Huming Yin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Chung JW, Ha YS, Kim SW, Park SC, Kang TW, Jeong YB, Park SW, Park J, Yoo ES, Kwon TG, Seo SP, Kang HW, Kim WT, Kim YJ, Lee SC, Kim WJ, Yun SJ, Kim TH. The prognostic value of the pretreatment serum albumin to globulin ratio for predicting adverse pathology in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Investig Clin Urol 2021; 62:545-552. [PMID: 34387034 PMCID: PMC8421993 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20210105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Few studies have demonstrated the clinical significance of pretreatment serum albumin and globulin in prostate cancer (PCa). This study evaluated the association between the pretreatment albumin to globulin ratio (AGR) and clinicopathologic characteristics of nonmetastatic PCa in a large multicenter setting in Korea. Materials and Methods This study involved 742 patients with nonmetastatic PCa who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) in seven institutions between January 2011 and December 2012. The AGR was calculated as follows: albumin/(total protein−albumin). Patients were divided into low and high AGR groups by a cutoff value from a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results The best cutoff for the AGR was set at 1.53. The area under the curve of the AGR was 0.624 (95% confidence interval, 0.557–0.671; p<0.001). Patients who had a lower pretreatment AGR (<1.53) were identified as the low AGR group (n=398, 53.6%) and the remaining patients as the high AGR group (n=344, 46.4%). Preoperative AGR was significantly lower in patients with non-organ-confined disease (≥pT3) than in those with organ-confined disease (≤pT2) (p<0.001). The low AGR group had higher aggressive pathologic Gleason scores (pGS) (≥8) than did the high AGR group (p=0.016). Furthermore, the AGR was an independent prognostic factor for high pGS (≥8) and non-organ-confined disease (≥pT3), according to multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions A low AGR was closely associated with nonconfined disease (≥pT3) and high pGS (≥8). AGR can be a useful serological marker for predicting adverse pathology in patients with nonmetastatic PCa who undergo RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Wook Chung
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yun-Sok Ha
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Won Kim
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung Chol Park
- Department of Urology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine and Hospital, Iksan, Korea
| | - Taek Won Kang
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young Beom Jeong
- Department of Urology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Park
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jinsung Park
- Department of Urology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun Sang Yoo
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Pil Seo
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ho Won Kang
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Won Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yong-June Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sang-Cheol Lee
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seok Joong Yun
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
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3
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Jain S, Samal AG, Das B, Pradhan B, Sahu N, Mohapatra D, Behera PK, Satpathi PS, Mohanty AK, Satpathi S, Senapati S. Escherichia coli, a common constituent of benign prostate hyperplasia-associated microbiota induces inflammation and DNA damage in prostate epithelial cells. Prostate 2020; 80:1341-1352. [PMID: 32835423 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of microbiota in the pathophysiology of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), especially in creating an inflammatory milieu may not be avoided. The major objectives of this study were to investigate the microbial composition of BPH tissues, its association with inflammation and check the effect of clinically isolated bacteria on prostate epithelial cells. METHODS The study includes 36 patients with a pathological diagnosis of BPH. Following strict aseptic measures, tissues were collected after transurethral resection of prostate, multiple pieces of the resected tissues were subjected to histopathological analysis, bacterial culture and genomic DNA extraction. Microbial composition was analyzed by culture and/or next-generation sequencing methods. Annotation of operational taxonomy unit has been done with an in-house algorithm. The extent of inflammation was scored through histological evaluation of tissue sections. The effect of clinical isolates on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity and induction of DNA-damage in the prostate epithelial cells were evaluated. RESULTS Histopathological analysis of the BPH tissues showed the presence of inflammation in almost all the tissues with a varied level at different regions of the same tissue section and the level of overall inflammation was different from patients to patients. Microbial culture of tissue samples showed the presence of live bacteria in 55.5% (20 out of 36) of the patient tissues. Majority of the isolates were coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, E. coli and Micrococcus spp. Further, V3 16S rRNA sequencing of the DNA isolated from BPH tissues showed the presence of multiple bacteria and the most common phylum in the BPH tissues were found to be Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. The E. coli, isolated from one of the tissue was able to activate NF-κB and induce DNA damage in prostate epithelial cells. Phospho-histone γH2A.X staining confirmed the presence of cells with damaged DNA lesion in BPH tissues and also correlated with the severity of inflammation. CONCLUSION Our study has shown that the BPH tissues do have a divergent microbial composition including the commonly found E. coli (phylum Proteobacteria), and these bacteria might contribute to the BPH-associated inflammation and/or tissue damage. The BPH-associated E. coli induced NF-κB signaling and DNA damage in prostate epithelial cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Jain
- Division of Cancer Biology, Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ajit Gopal Samal
- Department of Surgery, Hitech Medical College, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Biswajit Das
- Division of Cancer Biology, Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Biswaranjan Pradhan
- School of Basic Sciences, S. K. Dash Center of Excellence of Biosciences and Engineering & Technology (SKBET), Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nilanjan Sahu
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debasish Mohapatra
- Division of Cancer Biology, Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | | | - Akshaya K Mohanty
- Infectious Disease Biology Unit, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Satpathi
- Department of Pathology, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, Odisha, India
- Department of Pathology, Hitech Medical College and Hospital, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Shantibhusan Senapati
- Division of Cancer Biology, Tumor Microenvironment and Animal Models Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Lobo J, Jerónimo C, Henrique R. Targeting the Immune system and Epigenetic Landscape of Urological Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030829. [PMID: 32012885 PMCID: PMC7037817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, we have witnessed remarkable advances in targeted therapies for cancer patients. There is a growing effort to either replace or reduce the dose of unspecific, systemic (chemo)therapies, given the associated short- and long-term side effects, by introducing more specific targeted therapies as single or combination agents. Due to the well-known implications of the immune system and epigenetic landscape in modulating cancer development, both have been explored as potential targets in several malignancies, including those affecting the genitourinary tract. As the immune system function is also epigenetically regulated, there is rationale for combining both strategies. However, this is still rather underexplored, namely in urological tumors. We aim to briefly review the use of immune therapies in prostate, kidney, bladder, and testicular cancer, and further describe studies providing supporting evidence on their combination with epigenetic-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Lobo
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (GEBC CI-IPOP) and Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (GEBC CI-IPOP) and Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (GEBC CI-IPOP) and Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (R.H.)
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5
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Fox JJ, Navarro HI, Hashimoto T, Garcia AJ, Goldstein AS. Mass cytometry reveals species-specific differences and a new level of complexity for immune cells in the prostate. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2019; 7:281-296. [PMID: 31511834 PMCID: PMC6734036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in the benign prostate has been associated with a higher risk of developing prostate cancer. While a range of immune lineages is found in the prostate including T cells, B cells and myeloid cells, the specific subsets of immune cells with each major lineage have not been well described. In this study, we use mass cytometry (CyTOF) to comprehensively and reproducibly profile immune cells in mouse and human prostate. Using 4 myeloid markers (CD11b, CD11c, F4/80, Ly6C) in the mouse, we identified 8 phenotypically-distinct myeloid populations, demonstrating considerable heterogeneity within the immune compartment of the mouse prostate. We then profiled the prostate immune microenvironment from 9 human patients. Unlike the mouse prostate which is myeloid-dominant, the immune compartment in the benign human prostate is consistently T-lymphocyte-dominant. Using the X-shift algorithm to identify individual immune subsets based on marker expression, we found 57 phenotypically-distinct immune cell types in the human prostate. Despite similar proportions of T, B and myeloid lineage cells in the benign human prostate of all patients evaluated, we observed considerable interpatient heterogeneity in the abundance of more specific immune subsets. These findings highlight the importance of studying the immune compartment in the prostate at a granular level and will lead to future studies addressing the functional role of specific immune subsets in prostate epithelial transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Fox
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Héctor I Navarro
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takao Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro J Garcia
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew S Goldstein
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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6
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Arthur R, Williams R, Garmo H, Holmberg L, Stattin P, Malmström H, Lambe M, Hammar N, Walldius G, Robinsson D, Jungner I, Van Hemelrijck M. Serum inflammatory markers in relation to prostate cancer severity and death in the Swedish AMORIS study. Int J Cancer 2018; 142:2254-2262. [PMID: 29322512 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a well-documented driver of cancer development and progression. However, little is known about its role in prostate carcinogenesis. Thus, we examined the association of C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin, albumin and white blood cells (WBC) with prostate cancer (PCa) severity (defined by PCa risk category and clinicopathological characteristics) and progression (defined by PCa death). We selected 8,471 Swedish men with newly diagnosed PCa who had exposure measurements taken approximately 14 years prior to diagnosis. We calculated odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the associations between the inflammatory markers and PCa severity using logistic regression, while Cox proportional hazard regression was used for the associations with overall and PCa death. Serum CRP levels were associated with increased odds of high risk and metastatic PCa, and high PSA levels (≥20 µg/L) (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.06-1.56, 1.32; 1.05-1.65 and 1.51; 1.26-1.81, respectively). Similarly, higher haptoglobin levels were associated with increased odds of metastatic PCa, high PSA level and possibly high grade PCa (1.38; 1.10-1.74, 1.50; 1.17-1.93 and 1.25; 1.00-1.56, respectively). Albumin was positively associated with Gleason 4 + 3 tumour (1.38; 1.02-1.86) and overall death (HRunit increase in log : 1.60; 95% CI: 1.11-2.30), but inversely associated with high risk PCa and high PSA levels (≥20 µg/L) (0.71; 0.56-0.89 and 0.72; 0.5 9-0.90). WBC was associated with increased odds of T3-T4 PCa. Except for albumin, none of these markers were associated with PCa death or overall death. Systemic inflammation as early as 14 years prior to diagnosis may influence prostate cancer severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arthur
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), London, United Kingdom.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - R Williams
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), London, United Kingdom
| | - H Garmo
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), London, United Kingdom.,Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Holmberg
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), London, United Kingdom
| | - P Stattin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.,Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Malmström
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Swedish Orphan Biovitrum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Lambe
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Hammar
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Global Medicines Development, Medical Evidence & Observational Research, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Walldius
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Robinsson
- Department of Urology, Ryhov Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - I Jungner
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet and CALAB Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Van Hemelrijck
- Division of Cancer Studies, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Translational Oncology & Urology Research (TOUR), London, United Kingdom.,Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Alves LF, da Silva RF, Cagnon VHA. Nintedanib effects on delaying cancer progression and decreasing COX-2 and IL-17 in the prostate anterior lobe in TRAMP mice. Tissue Cell 2017; 50:96-103. [PMID: 29429524 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer in men around the world. Due to its high incidence, new therapies have been evaluated, including drugs capable of inhibiting the FGF/VEGF pathways, as Nintedanib. The aim herein was to evaluate the Nintedanib therapeutic effects on morphology and COX-2 and IL-17 levels in the prostate anterior lobe in different grades of the tumor progression in TRAMP mice. Animals were treated with Nintedanib at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day in initial and intermediate grades of tumor development. At the end of treatment, the prostate anterior lobe was collected and submitted to morphological, immunohistochemical and Western Blotting analyses. The results showed that Nintedanib delayed the prostate carcinogenesis progression, with over 20% of reduction in frequency of tissue injuries, particularly in the group treated from 12 to 16 weeks of age. Also, decreased COX-2 and IL-17 levels were observed in both groups treated with Nintedanib in the prostate anterior lobe. Thus, we concluded that Nintedanib was effective in delaying tumor progression and, despite not directly acting on inflammation, Nintedanib may adversely affect inflammatory pathways, favoring prostate cancer delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Ferreira Alves
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Frenedoso da Silva
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valéria Helena Alves Cagnon
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil.
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8
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Gilardoni MB, Remedi MM, Oviedo M, Dellavedova T, Sarría JP, Racca L, Dominguez M, Pellizas CG, Donadio AC. Differential expression of Low density lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein 1 (LRP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in prostate gland: From normal to malignant lesions. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 213:66-71. [PMID: 27931798 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are relevant modulators of inflammation, tumor microenvironment, cancer invasion and metastasis. They can be regulated by the Low density lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein 1 (LRP-1), a receptor reported to mediate the clearance of lipoproteins, extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules and proteinases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of LRP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 across various grades of prostatic diseases as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), BPH plus prostatitis (BPH+P), high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS LRP-1 was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and MMPs proteolytic activity by zymography in prostate tissues with different prostatic diseases. RESULTS LRP-1 was detected in epithelial cells in BPH (16/18), BPH+P (21/21) and HGPIN (6/6), with a staining intensity of 1+, 1+/2+ and 3+, respectively. In PCa, LRP-1 was absent in 19/27 samples while a low expression was observed in 8/27 biopsies. MMP-9 activity was higher and statistically significant in PCa than in BPH (p≤0.01). CONCLUSION Considering that LRP-1, by mediating the clearance of MMPs, is involved in the regulation of ECM remodeling and cell migration, we conclude that a decreased expression of LRP-1 could be involved with the increasing activity of MMPs shown in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica B Gilardoni
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, FCQ-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - María M Remedi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, FCQ-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mabel Oviedo
- Histología y Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Tristán Dellavedova
- Fundación Urológica Córdoba para la Docencia e Investigación Médica, FUCDIM, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan P Sarría
- Fundación Urológica Córdoba para la Docencia e Investigación Médica, FUCDIM, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Racca
- Fundación Urológica Córdoba para la Docencia e Investigación Médica, FUCDIM, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana Dominguez
- Fundación Urológica Córdoba para la Docencia e Investigación Médica, FUCDIM, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia G Pellizas
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, FCQ-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana C Donadio
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, FCQ-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
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9
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Datta D, Aftabuddin M, Gupta DK, Raha S, Sen P. Human Prostate Cancer Hallmarks Map. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30691. [PMID: 27476486 PMCID: PMC4967902 DOI: 10.1038/srep30691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human prostate cancer is a complex heterogeneous disease that mainly affects elder male population of the western world with a high rate of mortality. Acquisitions of diverse sets of hallmark capabilities along with an aberrant functioning of androgen receptor signaling are the central driving forces behind prostatic tumorigenesis and its transition into metastatic castration resistant disease. These hallmark capabilities arise due to an intense orchestration of several crucial factors, including deregulation of vital cell physiological processes, inactivation of tumor suppressive activity and disruption of prostate gland specific cellular homeostasis. The molecular complexity and redundancy of oncoproteins signaling in prostate cancer demands for concurrent inhibition of multiple hallmark associated pathways. By an extensive manual curation of the published biomedical literature, we have developed Human Prostate Cancer Hallmarks Map (HPCHM), an onco-functional atlas of human prostate cancer associated signaling and events. It explores molecular architecture of prostate cancer signaling at various levels, namely key protein components, molecular connectivity map, oncogenic signaling pathway map, pathway based functional connectivity map etc. Here, we briefly represent the systems level understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with prostate tumorigenesis by considering each and individual molecular and cell biological events of this disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipamoy Datta
- Department of Biotechnology, Siksha Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Md Aftabuddin
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, West Bengal, Salt Lake, Sector-I, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Gupta
- School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India
| | - Sanghamitra Raha
- Department of Biotechnology, Siksha Bhavana, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Prosenjit Sen
- Biological Chemistry Division, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
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Lee H, Jeong SJ, Hong SK, Byun SS, Lee SE, Oh JJ. High preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio predicts biochemical recurrence in patients with localized prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. World J Urol 2015; 34:821-7. [PMID: 26449784 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-015-1701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and oncological outcomes in patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa) after radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 1367 patients who underwent RP between November 2003 and April 2012. Patients who underwent a concurrent biopsy/procedure in other organs, had evidence of acute infection, or had systemic inflammatory disease were excluded. We divided the patients by NLR level and analyzed their perioperative outcomes. To determine NLR significance, we performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis of the pathological adverse outcomes and a Cox proportional hazard analysis of the biochemical recurrence (BCR), which was defined as a prostate-specific antigen level ≥0.2 ng/mL on two consecutive tests. RESULTS Among the 1367 patients, 158 (11.6 %) in the high-NLR (≥2.5) group had a higher biopsy Gleason score (p < 0.001), pathological Gleason score (p < 0.001), and pathological stage (p < 0.001) than patients in the low-NLR (<2.5) group (n = 1209, 88.4 %). Multivariate analysis revealed that high NLR was significantly correlated with adverse pathological outcomes of higher pathological stage (HR 1.688; 95 % CI 1.142-2.497; p = 0.009) and extracapsular extension (HR 1.698; 95 % CI 1.146-2.516; p = 0.008). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significantly worse BCR-free survival (p < 0.001) in patients with a high NLR. A high NLR was a significant predictor of BCR after RP (HR 1.358; 95 % CI 1.008-1.829; p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS High NLR was significantly related to unfavorable clinicopathological outcomes and worse BCR-free survival. Further studies are needed to clarify the correlation between NLR and PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakmin Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea
| | - Seong Jin Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Hong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea
| | - Seok-Soo Byun
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea
| | - Jong Jin Oh
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea.
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11
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Inflammation and prostate cancer: friends or foe? Inflamm Res 2015; 64:275-86. [PMID: 25788425 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0812-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy diagnosed in men. Moving from histological observations since a long time, it has been recognized that innate and adaptive immunity actively participates in the pathogenesis, surveillance, and progression of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A PubMed and Web of Science databases search was performed for studies providing evidence on the roles of the innate and adaptive immunity during the development and progression of prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS There are growing evidences that chronic inflammation is involved in the regulation of cellular events in prostate carcinogenesis, including disruption of the immune response and regulation of the tumor microenvironment. This review discusses the role played by the innate and adaptive immune system in the local progression of prostate cancer, and the prognostic information that we can currently understand and exploit.
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12
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Macrófagos asociados a tumores contribuyen a la progresión del cáncer de próstata. GACETA MEXICANA DE ONCOLOGÍA 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gamo.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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13
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Rucci N, Sanità P, Monache SD, Alesse E, Angelucci A. Molecular pathogenesis of bone metastases in breast cancer: Proven and emerging therapeutic targets. World J Clin Oncol 2014; 5:335-347. [PMID: 25114849 PMCID: PMC4127605 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i3.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic occurrence is the principal cause of death in breast cancer patients. The high osteotropism makes breast cancer the most common primary tumor type associated with metastatic bone disease. The peculiar clinical aspects associated with metastases limited to the skeletal system suggest considering these cases as a distinctive subset of metastatic patients with a better prognosis. Because bone is frequently the first metastatic site in disease relapse, it is feasible that the next improvement in therapeutic options for bone metastatic disease could be associated with an improvement of survival expectation and quality of life in breast cancer patients. Study of the molecular basis of bone remodeling and breast cancer osteotropism has allowed identification of several therapeutic candidates involved in formation and progression of bone metastases. These targets are frequently the determinants of positive feedback between the tumor and bone cells whose clinical outcome is osteolytic lesions. In this review, we discuss the physiopathologic features underlying targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at interfering with the aberrant bone remodeling associated with breast cancer metastases.
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14
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Gacci M, Baldi E, Tamburrino L, Detti B, Livi L, De Nunzio C, Tubaro A, Gravas S, Carini M, Serni S. Quality of Life and Sexual Health in the Aging of PCa Survivors. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:470592. [PMID: 24744780 PMCID: PMC3976934 DOI: 10.1155/2014/470592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in elderly men. The progressive ageing of the world male population will further increase the need for tailored assessment and treatment of PCa patients. The determinant role of androgens and sexual hormones for PCa growth and progression has been established. However, several trials on androgens and PCa are recently focused on urinary continence, quality of life, and sexual function, suggesting a new point of view on the whole endocrinological aspect of PCa. During aging, metabolic syndrome, including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and central obesity, can be associated with a chronic, low-grade inflammation of the prostate and with changes in the sex steroid pathways. These factors may affect both the carcinogenesis processes and treatment outcomes of PCa. Any treatment for PCa can have a long-lasting negative impact on quality of life and sexual health, which should be assessed by validated self-reported questionnaires. In particular, sexual health, urinary continence, and bowel function can be worsened after prostatectomy, radiotherapy, or hormone treatment, mostly in the elderly population. In the present review we summarized the current knowledge on the role of hormones, metabolic features, and primary treatments for PCa on the quality of life and sexual health of elderly Pca survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Gacci
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Viale Gramsci 7, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Clinical Pathophysiology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Lara Tamburrino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Clinical Pathophysiology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Beatrice Detti
- Radiotherapy, University Hospital Careggi, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Livi
- Radiotherapy, University Hospital Careggi, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Cosimo De Nunzio
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Tubaro
- Department of Urology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Stavros Gravas
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Marco Carini
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Viale Gramsci 7, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Sergio Serni
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Viale Gramsci 7, 50121 Florence, Italy
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Abstract
The high global incidence of prostate cancer has led to a focus on chemoprevention strategies to reduce the public health impact of the disease. Early studies indicating that selenium and vitamin E might protect against prostate cancer encouraged large-scale studies that produced mixed clinical results. Next-generation prostate cancer prevention trials validated the impact of 5α-reductase inhibitors in hormone-responsive prostate cancer, and these results were confirmed in follow-up studies. Other interventions on the horizon, involving both dietary and pharmacological agents, hold some promise but require further investigation to validate their efficacy. In this Review, we discuss the clinical and preclinical evidence for dietary and pharmacological prevention of prostate cancer and give an overview of future opportunities for chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Thompson
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Mail Code 8026, 7979 Wurzbach, Suite 627, Zeller Building, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - April B Cabang
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Mail Code 8026, 7979 Wurzbach, Suite 627, Zeller Building, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Michael J Wargovich
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Mail Code 8026, 7979 Wurzbach, Suite 627, Zeller Building, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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16
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Mast cells as a potential prognostic marker in prostate cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2013; 35:711-20. [PMID: 24324287 PMCID: PMC3844173 DOI: 10.1155/2013/478303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite years of intensive investigation that has been made in understanding prostate cancer, it remains one of the major men's health issues and the leading cause of death worldwide. It is now ascertained that prostate cancer emerges from multiple spontaneous and/or inherited alterations that induce changes in expression patterns of genes and proteins that function in complex networks controlling critical cellular events. It is now accepted that several innate and adaptive immune cells, including T- and B-lymphocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and mast cells (MCs), infiltrate the prostate cancer. All of these cells are irregularly scattered within the tumor and loaded with an assorted array of cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory and cytotoxic mediators. This complex framework reflects the diversity in tumor biology and tumor-host interactions. MCs are well-established effector cells in Immunoglobulin-E (Ig-E) associated immune responses and potent effector cells of the innate immune system; however, their clinical significance in prostate cancer is still debated. Here, these controversies are summarized, focusing on the implications of these findings in understanding the roles of MCs in primary prostate cancer.
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Goldstein AS, Witte ON. Does the microenvironment influence the cell types of origin for prostate cancer? Genes Dev 2013; 27:1539-44. [PMID: 23873937 DOI: 10.1101/gad.222380.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite several recent studies addressing the cells of origin for prostate cancer, there is still considerable discussion in the field regarding the most relevant target populations for transformation. Tissue regeneration studies have pointed to a basal cell origin for mouse and human prostate cancer. In contrast, genetically engineered mouse models demonstrate that cells within both the basal and luminal layers can initiate murine prostate cancer. Based on differences between these two approaches, we propose that further work should address the requirement for microenvironmental components such as immune or mesenchymal cells on epithelial cell types of origin for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Goldstein
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at LosAngeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Kosaka T, Nagamatsu G, Saito S, Oya M, Suda T, Horimoto K. Identification of drug candidate against prostate cancer from the aspect of somatic cell reprogramming. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:1017-26. [PMID: 23600803 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the similarities between the transcriptional programming involved in cancer progression and somatic cell reprogramming, we tried to identify drugs that would be effective against malignant cancers. We used the early transposon Oct4 and Sox2 enhancer (EOS) system to select human prostate cancer (PCA) cells expressing high levels of OCT4. Patients with metastatic castration-resistant PCA that does not respond to treatment with docetaxel have few therapeutic options. The OCT4-expressing PCA cells selected using the EOS system showed increased tumorigenicity and high resistance to docetaxel, both in vitro and in vivo. By using their gene expression data, expression signature-based prediction for compound candidates identified an antiviral drug, ribavirin, as a conversion modulator from drug resistance to sensitivity. Treatment of PCA cells with ribavirin decreased their resistance against treatment with docetaxel. This indicated that ribavirin reversed the gene expression, including that of humoral factors, in the OCT4-expressing PCA cells selected using the EOS system. Thereby, ribavirin increased the efficacy of docetaxel for cancer cells. We propose a novel cell reprogramming approach, named drug efficacy reprogramming, as a new model for identifying candidate antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Kosaka
- Department of Urology, The Sakaguchi Laboratory, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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