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Luo M, Zheng Y, Tang S, Gu L, Zhu Y, Ying R, Liu Y, Ma J, Guo R, Gao P, Zhang C. Radical oxygen species: an important breakthrough point for botanical drugs to regulate oxidative stress and treat the disorder of glycolipid metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1166178. [PMID: 37251336 PMCID: PMC10213330 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1166178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of glycolipid metabolic diseases is extremely high worldwide, which greatly hinders people's life expectancy and patients' quality of life. Oxidative stress (OS) aggravates the development of diseases in glycolipid metabolism. Radical oxygen species (ROS) is a key factor in the signal transduction of OS, which can regulate cell apoptosis and contribute to inflammation. Currently, chemotherapies are the main method to treat disorders of glycolipid metabolism, but this can lead to drug resistance and damage to normal organs. Botanical drugs are an important source of new drugs. They are widely found in nature with availability, high practicality, and low cost. There is increasing evidence that herbal medicine has definite therapeutic effects on glycolipid metabolic diseases. Objective: This study aims to provide a valuable method for the treatment of glycolipid metabolic diseases with botanical drugs from the perspective of ROS regulation by botanical drugs and to further promote the development of effective drugs for the clinical treatment of glycolipid metabolic diseases. Methods: Using herb*, plant medicine, Chinese herbal medicine, phytochemicals, natural medicine, phytomedicine, plant extract, botanical drug, ROS, oxygen free radicals, oxygen radical, oxidizing agent, glucose and lipid metabolism, saccharometabolism, glycometabolism, lipid metabolism, blood glucose, lipoprotein, triglyceride, fatty liver, atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes, dysglycemia, NAFLD, and DM as keywords or subject terms, relevant literature was retrieved from Web of Science and PubMed databases from 2013 to 2022 and was summarized. Results: Botanical drugs can regulate ROS by regulating mitochondrial function, endoplasmic reticulum, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and other signaling pathways to improve OS and treat glucolipid metabolic diseases. Conclusion: The regulation of ROS by botanical drugs is multi-mechanism and multifaceted. Both cell studies and animal experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of botanical drugs in the treatment of glycolipid metabolic diseases by regulating ROS. However, studies on safety need to be further improved, and more studies are needed to support the clinical application of botanical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maocai Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhong Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyun Tang
- GCP Center, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Linsen Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongtao Ying
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianli Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruixin Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiyang Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuantao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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ROS: Basic Concepts, Sources, Cellular Signaling, and its Implications in Aging Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1225578. [PMID: 36312897 PMCID: PMC9605829 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1225578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are bioproducts of cellular metabolism. There is a range of molecules with oxidizing properties known as ROS. Despite those molecules being implied negatively in aging and numerous diseases, their key role in cellular signaling is evident. ROS control several biological processes such as inflammation, proliferation, and cell death. The redox signaling underlying these cellular events is one characteristic of the new generation of scientists aimed at defining the role of ROS in the cellular environment. The control of redox potential, which includes the balance of the sources of ROS and the antioxidant system, implies an important target for understanding the cells' fate derived from redox signaling. In this review, we summarized the chemical, the redox balance, the signaling, and the implications of ROS in biological aging.
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Liu W, Liang B, Zeng J, Meng J, Shi L, Yang S, Chang J, Wang C, Hu X, Wang X, Han N, Lu C, Li J, Wang C, Li H, Zhang R, Xing D. First Discovery of Cholesterol-Lowering Activity of Parthenolide as NPC1L1 Inhibitor. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196270. [PMID: 36234807 PMCID: PMC9572688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated cholesterol significantly increases the risk of developing atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. The key to treating hypercholesterolemia is lowering plasma cholesterol levels. There have been no studies on the cholesterol-lowering potential of parthenolide (PTL), a naturally occurring small molecule from Tanacetum parthenium. Here, we first put forth PTL’s cholesterol-lowering ability to inhibit cellular uptake of cholesterol in a dose-dependent manner. Its performance was on par with the positive control drug, ezetimibe. Niemann–Pick C1 Like-1 (NPC1L1) has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for hypercholesterolemia. The interaction of PTL with NPC1L1 could be explained by the results of molecular docking and filipin staining further reinforces this hypothesis. Furthermore, PTL reduced the expression of NPC1L1 in HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, which suggests that PTL functions as a potential NPC1L1 inhibitor with therapeutic potential for hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jingsen Meng
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lingyu Shi
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shanbo Yang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaokun Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xufu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Na Han
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chenghui Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huanting Li
- Interventional Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Renshuai Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (D.X.)
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, School of Basic Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100190, China
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (D.X.)
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Calcium Dobesilate Modulates PKCδ-NADPH Oxidase- MAPK-NF-κB Signaling Pathway to Reduce CD14, TLR4, and MMP9 Expression during Monocyte-to-Macrophage Differentiation: Potential Therapeutic Implications for Atherosclerosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111798. [PMID: 34829669 PMCID: PMC8615002 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation results in the secretion of various inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress molecules necessary for atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Consequently, this differentiation represents a potential clinical target in atherosclerosis. Calcium dobesilate (CaD), an established vasoactive and angioprotective drug in experimental models of diabetic microvascular complications reduces oxidative stress and inhibits inflammation via diverse molecular targets; however, its effect on monocytes/macrophages is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of CaD during phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation in in vitro models of sepsis (LPS) and hyperglycemia, using THP-1 monocytic cell line. CaD significantly suppressed CD14, TLR4, and MMP9 expression and activity, lowering pro-inflammatory mediators, such as IL1β, TNFα, and MCP-1. The effects of CaD translated through to studies on primary human macrophages. CaD inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, PKCδ, MAPK (ERK1/2 and p38) phosphorylation, NOX2/p47phox expression, and membrane translocation. We used hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to mimic oxidative stress, demonstrating that CaD suppressed PKCδ activation via its ROS-scavenging properties. Taken together, we demonstrate for the first time that CaD suppresses CD14, TLR4, MMP9, and signature pro-inflammatory cytokines, in human macrophages, via the downregulation of PKCδ/NADPH oxidase/ROS/MAPK/NF-κB-dependent signaling pathways. Our data present novel mechanisms of how CaD alleviates metabolic and infectious inflammation.
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Ilic A, Todorovic D, Mutavdzin S, Boricic N, Bozic Nedeljkovic B, Stankovic S, Simic T, Stevanovic P, Celic V, Djuric D. Translocator Protein Modulation by 4'-Chlorodiazepam and NO Synthase Inhibition Affect Cardiac Oxidative Stress, Cardiometabolic and Inflammatory Markers in Isoprenaline-Induced Rat Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2867. [PMID: 33799869 PMCID: PMC8000569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The possible cardioprotective effects of translocator protein (TSPO) modulation with its ligand 4'-Chlorodiazepam (4'-ClDzp) in isoprenaline (ISO)-induced rat myocardial infarction (MI) were evaluated, alone or in the presence of L-NAME. Wistar albino male rats (b.w. 200-250 g, age 6-8 weeks) were divided into 4 groups (10 per group, total number N = 40), and certain substances were applied: 1. ISO 85 mg/kg b.w. (twice), 2. ISO 85 mg/kg b.w. (twice) + L-NAME 50 mg/kg b.w., 3. ISO 85 mg/kg b.w. (twice) + 4'-ClDzp 0.5 mg/kg b.w., 4. ISO 85 mg/kg b.w. (twice) + 4'-ClDzp 0.5 mg/kg b.w. + L-NAME 50 mg/kg b.w. Blood and cardiac tissue were sampled for myocardial injury and other biochemical markers, cardiac oxidative stress, and for histopathological evaluation. The reduction of serum levels of high-sensitive cardiac troponin T hs cTnT and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), then significantly decreased levels of serum homocysteine Hcy, urea, and creatinine, and decreased levels of myocardial injury enzymes activities superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as well as lower grades of cardiac ischemic changes were demonstrated in ISO-induced MI treated with 4'-ClDzp. It has been detected that co-treatment with 4'-ClDzp + L-NAME changed the number of registered parameters in comparison to 4'-ClDzp group, indicating that NO (nitric oxide) should be important in the effects of 4'-ClDzp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ilic
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Hospital Center “Dr. Dragisa Misovic—Dedinje”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.I.); (V.C.)
| | - Dusan Todorovic
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Slavica Mutavdzin
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Novica Boricic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Biljana Bozic Nedeljkovic
- Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Sanja Stankovic
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Tatjana Simic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Predrag Stevanovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Reanimatology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Clinical Hospital Center “Dr. Dragisa Misovic—Dedinje”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vera Celic
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Hospital Center “Dr. Dragisa Misovic—Dedinje”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.I.); (V.C.)
| | - Dragan Djuric
- Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.T.); (S.M.)
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Yagati AK, Ngoc Le HT, Cho S. Bioelectrocatalysis of Hemoglobin on Electrodeposited Ag Nanoflowers toward H 2O 2 Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1628. [PMID: 32825146 PMCID: PMC7557759 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a partially reduced metabolite of oxygen that exerts a diverse array of physiological and pathological activities in living organisms. Therefore, the accurate quantitative determination of H2O2 is crucial in clinical diagnostics, the food industry, and environmental monitoring. Herein we report the electrosynthesis of silver nanoflowers (AgNFs) on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes for direct electron transfer of hemoglobin (Hb) toward the selective quantification of H2O2. After well-ordered and fully-grown AgNFs were created on an ITO substrate by electrodeposition, their morphological and optical properties were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Hb was immobilized on 3-mercaptopropionic acid-coated AgNFs through carbodiimide cross-linking to form an Hb/AgNF/ITO biosensor. Electrochemical measurement and analysis demonstrated that Hb retained its direct electron transfer and electrocatalytic properties and acted as a H2O2 sensor with a detection limit of 0.12 µM and a linear detection range of 0.2 to 3.4 mM in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The sensitivity, detection limit, and detection range of the Hb/AgNF/ITO biosensor toward detection H2O2 in human serum was also found to be 0.730 mA mM-1 cm-2, 90 µM, and 0.2 to 2.6 mM, indicating the clinical application for the H2O2 detection of the Hb/AgNF/ITO biosensor. Moreover, interference experiments revealed that the Hb/AgNF/ITO sensor displayed excellent selectivity for H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Yagati
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Hien T. Ngoc Le
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13210, Korea;
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13210, Korea;
- Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
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7
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Soubhye J, Van Antwerpen P, Dufrasne F. A patent review of myeloperoxidase inhibitors for treating chronic inflammatory syndromes (focus on cardiovascular diseases, 2013-2019). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:595-608. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1780210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Soubhye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite Libre De Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite Libre De Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - François Dufrasne
- Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite Libre De Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
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Akin-Bali DF, Eroglu T, Ilk S, Egin Y, Kankilic T. Evaluation of the role of Nrf2/Keap1 pathway-associated novel mutations and gene expression on antioxidant status in patients with deep vein thrombosis. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:868-881. [PMID: 32742329 PMCID: PMC7388273 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a type of venous thromboembolism and a clinically complex vascular disease. Oxidative stress serves a key role in the pathogenesis of numerous cardiovascular diseases, particularly in endothelial dysfunction-associated syndromes. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-like 2(Nrf2) transcription factor is the primary regulator of antioxidant responses. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are regulated by Nrf2 and its suppressor protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). However, to the best of our knowledge, genetic abnormalites in the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in DVT syndrome have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway and antioxidant responses in DVT. Mutations and expression levels of genes involved in the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway were measured in 27 patients with DVT via DNA sequencing analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, respectively. The Polymorphism Phenotyping v2 program was used to identify the pathogenic mutations. Total antioxidant activity levels were determined by measuring the effect of serum samples from 27 patients with DVT on oxidation of the 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) system. A total of 23 mutations, including seven novel mutations, were detected in the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in 24 (89%) of the 27 patients with DVT. Keap1 mRNA expression levels were significantly higher compared with Nrf2 expression levels in patients with DVT (P=0.02). Analysis of molecular characteristics and gene expression levels demonstrated that Nrf2/Keap1-associated mutations and total antioxidant levels can be used as precursor markers in the diagnosis of DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Fatma Akin-Bali
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51240 Nigde, Turkey
| | - Tamer Eroglu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51240 Nigde, Turkey
| | - Sedef Ilk
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51240 Nigde, Turkey
| | - Yonca Egin
- Department of Pediatric Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Teoman Kankilic
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science Literature, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51240 Nigde, Turkey
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9
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Negre-Salvayre A, Guerby P, Gayral S, Laffargue M, Salvayre R. Role of reactive oxygen species in atherosclerosis: Lessons from murine genetic models. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 149:8-22. [PMID: 31669759 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic and inflammatory disease of medium and large arteries, and the major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involves a number of risk factors and complex events including hypercholesterolemia, endothelial dysfunction, increased permeability to low density lipoproteins (LDL) and their sequestration on extracellular matrix in the intima of lesion-prone areas. These events promote LDL modifications, particularly by oxidation, which generates acute and chronic inflammatory responses implicated in atherogenesis and lesion progression. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) (which include both free radical and non-free radical oxygen intermediates), play a key-role at each step of atherogenesis, in endothelial dysfunction, LDL oxidation, and inflammatory events involved in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis lesions. Most advanced knowledge supporting the "oxidative theory of atherosclerosis" i.e. the nature and the cellular sources of ROS and antioxidant defences, as well as the mechanisms involved in the redox balance, is based on the use of genetically engineered animals, i.e. transgenic, genetically modified, or altered for systems producing or neutralizing ROS in the vessels. This review summarizes the results obtained from animals genetically manipulated for various sources of ROS or antioxidant defences in the vascular wall, and their relevance (advance or limitation), for understanding the place and role of ROS in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Guerby
- Inserm U-1048, Université de Toulouse, France; Pôle de gynécologie obstétrique, Hôpital Paule-de-Viguier, CHU de Toulouse, France
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10
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Khosravi M, Poursaleh A, Ghasempour G, Farhad S, Najafi M. The effects of oxidative stress on the development of atherosclerosis. Biol Chem 2020; 400:711-732. [PMID: 30864421 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease (CVD) known widely world wide. Several hypothesizes are suggested to be involved in the narrowing of arteries during process of atherogenesis. The oxidative modification hypothesis is related to oxidative and anti-oxidative imbalance and is the most investigated. The aim of this study was to review the role of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis. Furthermore, it describes the roles of oxidative/anti-oxidative enzymes and compounds in the macromolecular and lipoprotein modifications and in triggering inflammatory events. The reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are the most important endogenous sources produced by non-enzymatic and enzymatic [myeloperoxidase (MPO), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADH) oxidase and lipoxygenase (LO)] reactions that may be balanced with anti-oxidative compounds [glutathione (GSH), polyphenols and vitamins] and enzymes [glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), peroxiredoxins (Prdx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and paraoxonase (PON)]. However, the oxidative and anti-oxidative imbalance causes the involvement of cellular proliferation and migration signaling pathways and macrophage polarization leads to the formation of atherogenic plaques. On the other hand, the immune occurrences and the changes in extra cellular matrix remodeling can develop atherosclerosis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khosravi
- Biochemistry Department, Firoozabadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adeleh Poursaleh
- Biochemistry Department, Firoozabadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghasempour
- Biochemistry Department, Firoozabadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaikhnia Farhad
- Biochemistry Department, Firoozabadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Biochemistry Department, Firoozabadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Jiang C, Qi Z, He W, Li Z, Tang Y, Wang Y, Huang Y, Zang H, Yang H, Liu J. Dynamically enhancing plaque targeting via a positive feedback loop using multifunctional biomimetic nanoparticles for plaque regression. J Control Release 2019; 308:71-85. [PMID: 31295543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A paradigm shift from preventive therapy to aggressive plaque regression and eventual eradication is much needed to address increasing atherosclerotic burden and risks. Herein, we report a biologically inspired dual-targeting multifunctional recombinant high-density lipoprotein (rHDL)-mimicking core-shell nanoplatform. It is composed of an ATP-responsive ternary polyplexes core for SR-A siRNA and catalase complexation, and a phosphatidylserine-modified rHDL-based outer shell for SR-BI and CD36 targeting, in which pitavastatin is packaged. We demonstrated that dual-targeting biomimetic core-shell nanoparticles dynamically enhanced macrophage CD36 targeting in the plaques by establishing a positive feedback loop via the reciprocal regulation of SR-A and CD36. Positive feedback-enabled accumulation of the nanoparticles in the atherosclerotic plaques increased by 3.3-fold following 4-week repeated administration. A 3-month dosage regimen of the dual-targeting rHDL-mimicking nanoparticles reduced plaque areas by 65.8%, and decreased macrophages by 57.3%. Collectively, this work shows that dynamically enhancing plaque targeting via a positive feedback loop and dual action of cholesterol deposition inhibition and efflux enhancement accomplished with our novel multifunctional biomimetic nanoparticles provides a new way to regress plaques and alleviate the atherosclerotic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Zitong Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Wanhua He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Zhuoting Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Yuqi Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Yunbo Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Yilei Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Haojing Zang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Hu Yang
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States.
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China.
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12
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Li Q, Chen Y, Zhao D, Yang S, Zhang S, Wei Z, Wang Y, Qian K, Zhao B, Zhu Y, Chen Y, Duan Y, Han J, Yang X. LongShengZhi Capsule reduces carrageenan-induced thrombosis by reducing activation of platelets and endothelial cells. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:167-180. [PMID: 30986544 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Formation of thrombosis is associated with activation of platelets and endothelial cells. The effect of LongShengZhi Capsule (LSZ), a traditional Chinese medicine used for treatment of vascular diseases, on thrombosis was investigated in this study. BALB/c mice were induced thrombosis by injection of carrageenan while receiving pre or simultaneous LSZ treatment. We also compared the therapeutic effects of LSZ and clopidogrel on formed thrombi. LSZ inhibited carrageenan-induced thrombi in mouse tissue vessels. In addition, LSZ but not clopidogrel reduced formed thrombi with a short time window. The reduction of thrombi by LSZ was associated with reduced serum P-selectin, reduced expression of TNF-α and P-selectin and activated matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression in tissues. In vitro, LSZ decreased thrombin-induced human platelet clot retraction which was associated with inactivation of AKT and ERK1/2. LSZ also reduced adhesion of platelets or THP-1 monocytes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein or lipopolysaccharide. The anti-adherent actions of LSZ was attributed to reduction of oxidative stress, expression of platelet receptors (P2Y12, PAR4 and CD36) and AKT activity in platelets. LSZ also reduced adhesion molecules or tissue factor but activated tissue factor pathway inhibitor expression in HUVECs. Taken together, our study demonstrates the antithrombotic properties of LSZ by reducing activation of platelets and endothelial cells, and suggests its potential application in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuo Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Buchang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Qian
- Buchang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Xi'an, China
| | | | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jihong Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Regulation of Anhui Department of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
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13
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Park JG, Oh GT. Current pharmacotherapies for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:206-223. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Wang X, Yang Y, Zhang M. The vivo antioxidant activity of self-made aged garlic extract on the d-galactose-induced mice and its mechanism research via gene chip analysis. RSC Adv 2019; 9:3669-3678. [PMID: 35547881 PMCID: PMC9087883 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10308a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two self-made aged garlic extract (AGE) were prepared and they were subjected with d-galactose-induced mice to explore vivo antioxidant effects and its mechanism via gene chip analysis. The biochemical analysis results indicated that AGE could significantly reduce the malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipofuscin content and increase the total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) activity. Histopathological observations found that AGE could improve the size, shape and arrangement state of liver and brain cells. Furthermore, gene expression profile array was used to screen 35 and 13 differentially expressed genes in liver and brain, respectively. Further analysis showed that the AGE could protect the mice from d-galactose-caused injury via carbohydrate metabolism, immunomodulatory, lipid metabolism, cell cycle regulation, amino acid metabolism and nervous regulation pathways. Through this experiment, we could comprehensively study the antioxidant mechanism of AGE and link the antioxidant function of AGE to the metabolic pathways. AGE exerts its vivo antioxidant function through 41 metabolic pathways, which were related to 7 aging hallmarks.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine
- Jinzhong 030619
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science & Technology)
| | - Yukun Yang
- School of Life Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science & Technology)
- Tianjin 300457
- China
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15
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Rizwan H, Mohanta J, Si S, Pal A. Gold nanoparticles reduce high glucose-induced oxidative-nitrosative stress regulated inflammation and apoptosis via tuberin-mTOR/NF-κB pathways in macrophages. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5841-5862. [PMID: 28860752 PMCID: PMC5566318 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s141839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, and directly responsible for exacerbating macrophage activation and atherosclerosis. We showed that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) reduce the high glucose (HG)-induced atherosclerosis-related complications in macrophages via oxidative-nitrosative stress-regulated inflammation and apoptosis. The effects of AuNPs on oxidative-nitrosative stress markers such as cellular antioxidants were attenuated by HG exposure, leading to reduction in the accumulation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in cellular compartments. Further, these abnormalities of antioxidants level and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species accumulations initiate cellular stress, resulting in the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) via ERK1/2mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/Akt/tuberin-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. The activated NF-κB stimulates inflammatory mediators, which subsequently subdue biomolecules damage, leading to aggravation of the inflammatory infiltration and immune responses. Treatment of AuNPs inhibits the intracellular redox-sensitive signaling pathways, inflammation, and apoptosis in macrophages. Together, our results indicate that AuNPs may modulate HG-induced oxidative-nitrosative stress. These effects may be sealed tight due to the fact that AuNPs treatment reduces the activation of NF-κB by ERK1/2MAPK/Akt/tuberin-mTOR pathways-mediated inflammatory genes expression and cellular stress responses, which may be beneficial for minimizing the atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Rizwan
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Jagdeep Mohanta
- School of Applied Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Satyabrata Si
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India.,School of Applied Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Arttatrana Pal
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Bihar, India
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16
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Coral-Derived Natural Marine Compound GB9 Impairs Vascular Development in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081696. [PMID: 28771210 PMCID: PMC5578086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels in vertebrates are established and genetically controlled in an evolutionarily-conserved manner during embryogenesis. Disruption of vascular growth by chemical compounds or environmental hormones may cause developmental defects. This study analyzed the vascular impacts of marine compound GB9 in zebrafish. GB9 was isolated from the marine soft coral Capnella imbricata and had shown anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities. However, the role of GB9 on vascular development has not been reported. We first tested the survival rate of embryos under exogenous 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 μM GB9 added to the medium and determined a sub-lethal dosage of 10 μM GB9 for further assay. Using transgenic Tg(fli:eGFP) fish to examine vascular development, we found that GB9 treatment impaired intersegmental vessel (ISV) growth and caudal vein plexus (CVP) patterning at 25 hours post-fertilization (hpf) and 30 hpf. GB9 exposure caused pericardial edema and impaired circulation at 48–52 hpf, which are common secondary effects of vascular defects and suggest the effects of GB9 on vascular development. Apoptic cell death analysis showed that vascular defects were not caused by cell death, but were likely due to the inhibition of migration and/or proliferation by examining ISV cell numbers. To test the molecular mechanisms of vascular defects in GB9-treated embryos, we examined the expression of vascular markers and found the decreased expression of vascular specific markers ephrinb2, flk, mrc1, and stabilin. In addition, we examined whether GB9 treatment impairs vascular growth due to an imbalance of redox homeostasis. We found an enhanced effect of vascular defects during GB9 and H2O2 co-treatment. Moreover, exogenous N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) treatment rescued the vascular defects in GB9 treated embryos. Our results showed that GB9 exposure causes vascular defects likely mediated by the imbalance of redox homeostasis.
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17
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Huang PC, Chiu CC, Chang HW, Wang YS, Syue HH, Song YC, Weng ZH, Tai MH, Wu CY. Prdx1-encoded peroxiredoxin is important for vascular development in zebrafish. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:889-902. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chun Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences; National Sun Yat-sen University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biological Sciences; National Sun Yat-sen University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology; Kaohsiung Medical University; Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology; National Sun Yat-sen University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology; Kaohsiung Medical University; Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences; National Sun Yat-sen University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Hai-Hong Syue
- Department of Biological Sciences; National Sun Yat-sen University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Song
- Department of Biological Sciences; National Sun Yat-sen University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Weng
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology; National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources; National Sun Yat-sen University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Department of Biological Sciences; National Sun Yat-sen University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences; National Sun Yat-sen University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences; National Sun Yat-sen University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology; Kaohsiung Medical University; Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology; National Sun Yat-sen University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology; National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica; Kaohsiung Taiwan
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18
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Meloni MM, Barton S, Xu L, Kaski JC, Song W, He T. Contrast agents for cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: an overview. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:5714-5725. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01241a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Contrast agents for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) play a major role in research and clinical cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M. Meloni
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute
- St George's, University of London
- London
- UK
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry
| | - Stephen Barton
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry
- Kingston University
- London
- UK
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Radiology
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital
- Beijing
- China
| | - Juan C. Kaski
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute
- St George's, University of London
- London
- UK
| | - Wenhui Song
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials
- Division of surgery & Interventional Science
- University College of London
- London
- UK
| | - Taigang He
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute
- St George's, University of London
- London
- UK
- Royal Brompton Hospital
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19
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Sousa WM, Silva RO, Bezerra FF, Bingana RD, Barros FCN, Costa LE, Sombra VG, Soares PM, Feitosa JP, de Paula RC, Souza MH, Barbosa ALR, Freitas ALP. Sulfated polysaccharide fraction from marine algae Solieria filiformis : Structural characterization, gastroprotective and antioxidant effects. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 152:140-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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20
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Zhang R, Wang Y, Zhu D, Dong F, Chen X. The protective effect of North Schisandra Lignans on vascular endothelial cell oxidation injuries. Technol Health Care 2016; 24 Suppl 2:S651-7. [PMID: 27163328 DOI: 10.3233/thc-161192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, the authors cultivated ECV-304 in vitro and incubated cells with H2O2, established injury models, and induced oxidized endothelial cell apoptosis. This model makes it possible to choose suitable concentrations of North Schisandra Lignans. OBJECTIVE To study the protective effects of North Schisandra Lignans on human umbilical vein endothelial cell injuries. METHODS Endothelial cell growth and proliferation activity were detected through the MTT method. The colorimetric method was used to determine superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the cell culture solution, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the cell. RESULTS North Schisandra Lignans noticeably decreased ECV-304 cell injury induced by H2O2. Moderate and high concentrations of North Schisandra Lignans could significantly lower MDA content and heighten SOD activity. These differences were significant compared to the H2O2 group (P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS North Schisandra Lignans had an obvious protective effect on ECV-304 injured by H2O2$. The mechanism decreases MDA production and heightened SOD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruowen Zhang
- Beihua University Faculty of Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengying Dong
- Jilin Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Pathogen Biology Department, College of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, China
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21
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Nakahara R, Makino J, Kamiya T, Hara H, Adachi T. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester suppresses monocyte adhesion to the endothelium by inhibiting NF-κB/NOX2-derived ROS signaling. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 58:174-9. [PMID: 27257341 PMCID: PMC4865596 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), one of the major polyphenols, exhibits anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial, and anti-cancer properties. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, the progression of which is closely related to the accumulated adhesion of inflammatory monocytes/macrophages to the endothelium. We herein determined whether CAPE and its derivatives suppressed THP-1 cell adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Of the four polyphenols tested, CAPE significantly suppressed the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-elicited expression of cluster for differentiation (CD) 11b, 14, and 36, and this was accompanied by the inhibition of THP-1 cell adhesion to HUVEC. CAPE also suppressed the activation of TPA-elicited nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and accumulation of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS), but did not affect extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Taken together, these results demonstrated that CAPE suppressed THP-1 cell adhesion to HUVEC through, at least in part, the NF-κB, NOX2, and ROS-derived signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Nakahara
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Junya Makino
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kamiya
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hara
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Adachi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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22
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Abstract
The field of redox proteomics focuses to a large extent on analyzing cysteine oxidation in proteins under different experimental conditions and states of diseases. The identification and localization of oxidized cysteines within the cellular milieu is critical for understanding the redox regulation of proteins under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, and it will in turn provide important information that are potentially useful for the development of novel strategies in the treatment and prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress. Antioxidant enzymes that catalyze oxidation/reduction processes are able to serve as redox biomarkers in various human diseases, and they are key regulators controlling the redox state of functional proteins. Redox regulators with antioxidant properties related to active mediators, cellular organelles, and the surrounding environments are all connected within a network and are involved in diseases related to redox imbalance including cancer, ischemia/reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases, as well as normal aging. In this review, we will briefly look at the selected aspects of oxidative thiol modification in antioxidant enzymes and thiol oxidation in proteins affected by redox control of antioxidant enzymes and their relation to disease. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(4): 200-208]
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Young Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
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23
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Bułdak Ł, Łabuzek K, Bułdak RJ, Machnik G, Bołdys A, Basiak M, Bogusław O. Metformin reduces the expression of NADPH oxidase and increases the expression of antioxidative enzymes in human monocytes/macrophages cultured in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1095-1103. [PMID: 26998043 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of diabetes and its complications is a key challenge for healthcare professionals. Accelerated atherosclerosis is associated with progressive diabetes, and it has been indicated that macrophages serve a crucial function in this process. Currently, the first-line treatment of diabetes is based on metformin, which is an inducer of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and belongs to the biguanide class of pharmaceuticals. It has been previously demonstrated that metformin exhibits more than just hypoglycemic effects. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro impact of metformin on cell viability and the expression levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAPDH) oxidase (p22phox), a major enzyme in reactive oxygen species generation, and the three antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) in monocytes/macrophages derived from 10 healthy volunteers. The effects of metformin were observed in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which was administered to induce oxidative stress. Furthermore, certain cells were treated with compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK, in order to determine the mechanistic role played by AMPK in the oxidative changes in the macrophages. Cell viability was evaluated using trypan blue and MTT assays. The mRNA and protein expression levels of p22phox and the various antioxidative enzymes were determined using polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. The results indicated that metformin, predominantly in LPS-pretreated monocytes/macrophages, reduced the expression levels of p22phox and increased those of SOD and GPx, but had only a minor effect on CAT levels. Therefore, metformin appears to alter the oxidative status of macrophages toward increasingly antioxidative activity, which may account for the pleiotropic effects observed during metformin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Bułdak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Łabuzek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Rafał Jakub Bułdak
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze 41-808, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Machnik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bołdys
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Marcin Basiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Okopień Bogusław
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
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24
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Wang Z, Li L, Du R, Yan J, Liu N, Yuan W, Jiang Y, Xu S, Ye F, Yuan G, Zhang B, Liu P. CML/RAGE signal induces calcification cascade in diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2016; 8:83. [PMID: 28035243 PMCID: PMC5192585 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-016-0196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular calcification is a significant predictor of coronary heart disease events, stroke, and lower-limb amputation. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) play a key role in the development of vascular calcification. However, the role of Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), a major active ingredient of heterogeneous AGEs, in the development of atherosclerotic calcification in diabetic patients and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Hence, the role and the mechanism of CML in the transmission pathway of diabetic calcification cascade were investigated in the present study. METHODS In vivo and in vitro investigations were performed. In study I, 45 diabetic patients hospitalized for above-knee amputation in the Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University were recruited from February 2010 to June 2015. The patients were categorized based on the severity of anterior tibial artery stenosis, which was assessed by color Doppler ultrasound, into mild stenosis (0% < stenosis < 50%, n = 15), moderate stenosis (50 ≤ stenosis < 70%, n = 15), and severe stenosis/occlusion groups (70 ≤ stenosis ≤ 100%, n = 15). In study II, the specific mechanism of CML in the transmission pathway of the diabetic calcification cascade signal was investigated in A7r5 aortic smooth muscle cells under high-lipid, apoptosis-coexisting conditions. ELISA (for serum CML concentration of patients), ultrasound (for plaque size, calcification, blood flow filling, vascular stenosis etc.), H&E staining (for plaque morphology), vonKossa staining (for qualitative analysis of calcification), calcium content assay (for quantitative analysis of calcification), and Western blot analyses of CML, receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), NADPH oxidase 4, phosphorylated p38, core-binding factor α1 (cbfα1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and β-actin were then performed. RESULTS Morphological analysis revealed extensive calcification lesions in the intima and media of the anterior tibial artery. The extent and area of calcium deposition in the intima significantly increased with disease progression. Interestingly, spotty calcification was predominant in the atherosclerotic plaques of diabetic patients with amputation, and macrocalcification was almost invisible. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that serum CML level exhibited a significant positive correlation with calcium content in the arterial wall (R2 = 0.6141, P < 0.0001). Semi-quantitative Western blot analysis suggested that the intensity of CML/RAGE signal increased with progression of atherosclerotic calcification in diabetic patients. In subsequent in vitro study, the related pathway was blocked by anti-RAGE antibody, NADPH oxidase inhibitor DPI, p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580, and anti-cbfa1 antibody in a step-wise manner to observe changes in calcium deposition and molecular signals. Results suggested that CML may play a key role in atherosclerotic calcification mainly through the CML/RAGE- reactive oxygen species (ROS)-p38MAPK-cbfα1-ALP pathway. CONCLUSION Spotty calcification was predominant in the atherosclerotic plaques of amputated diabetic patients. CML/RAGE signal may induce the calcification cascade in diabetes via ROS-p38MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang, Zhenjiang, 212001 China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 China
| | - Rui Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 China
| | - Jinchuan Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang, Zhenjiang, 212001 China
| | - Naifeng Liu
- Department and Institute of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang, Zhenjiang, 212001 China
| | - Yicheng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital, Huaian, 223300 China
| | - Suining Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang, Zhenjiang, 212001 China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang, Zhenjiang, 212001 China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001 China
| | - Baohai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang, Zhenjiang, 212001 China
| | - Peijing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang, Zhenjiang, 212001 China
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25
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is responsible for most cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is caused by several factors including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and chronic inflammation. Oxidants and electrophiles have roles in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and the concentrations of these reactive molecules are an important factor in disease initiation and progression. Overactive NADPH oxidase (Nox) produces excess superoxide resulting in oxidized macromolecules, which is an important factor in atherogenesis. Although superoxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have obvious toxic properties, they also have fundamental roles in signaling pathways that enable cells to adapt to stress. In addition to inflammation and ROS, the endocannabinoid system (eCB) is also important in atherogenesis. Linkages have been postulated between the eCB system, Nox, oxidative stress, and atherosclerosis. For instance, CB2 receptor-evoked signaling has been shown to upregulate anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative pathways, whereas CB1 signaling appears to induce opposite effects. The second messenger lipid molecule diacylglycerol is implicated in the regulation of Nox activity and diacylglycerol lipase β (DAGLβ) is a key biosynthetic enzyme in the biosynthesis eCB ligand 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG). Furthermore, Nrf2 is a vital transcription factor that protects against the cytotoxic effects of both oxidant and electrophile stress. This review will highlight the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in intracellular signaling and the impact of deregulated ROS-mediated signaling in atherogenesis. In addition, there is also emerging knowledge that the eCB system has an important role in atherogenesis. We will attempt to integrate oxidative stress and the eCB system into a conceptual framework that provides insights into this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew K. Ross
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-662-325-5482; Fax: +1-662-325-1031
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Huang SL, Chen PY, Wu MJ, Tai MH, Ho CT, Yen JH. Curcuminoids Modulate the PKCδ/NADPH Oxidase/Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling Pathway and Suppress Matrix Invasion during Monocyte-Macrophage Differentiation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:8838-8848. [PMID: 26414495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte recruitment and invasion play critical roles in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The reduction in monocyte adhesion and infiltration is thought to exert antiatherosclerotic effects. Curcumin, demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) are the major active components of curcuminoids and exhibit several biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and hypocholesterolemic activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiatherogenic effects and mechanisms of curcuminoids during monocyte to macrophage differentiation. The results showed that curcumin, DMC, and BDMC (20 μM) suppressed matrix invasion from 100.0 ± 5.0% to 24.8 ± 1.4%, 26.6 ± 2.9%, and 33.7 ± 1.7%, respectively, during PMA-induced THP-1 differentiation. We found that curcuminoids significantly reduced PMA-induced CD11b and MMP-9 expression by THP-1 cells. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by PMA (126.7 ± 2.1%) was markedly attenuated by curcumin, DMC, and BDMC to 99.5 ± 7.8%, 87.8 ± 8.2%, and 89.8 ± 7.6%, respectively, resulting in the down-regulation of CD11b and MMP-9 expression. We demonstrated that curcuminoids inhibited NADPH oxidase through the down-regulation of NOX2 expression and the reduction of p47phox membrane translocation. Moreover, we found involvement of PKCδ in the PMA-induced NOX2, CD11b, and MMP-9 mRNA expression. Curcumin, DMC, and BDMC decreased the active form of PKCδ protein stimulated by PMA in THP-1 cells. Overall, our results reveal that curcuminoids suppress matrix invasion through the inhibition of the PKCδ/NADPH oxidase/ROS signaling pathway during monocyte-macrophage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pei-Yi Chen
- Center of Medical Genetics, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital , Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jiuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science , Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University , 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, United States
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Bułdak Ł, Łabuzek K, Bułdak RJ, Machnik G, Bołdys A, Okopień B. Exenatide (a GLP-1 agonist) improves the antioxidative potential of in vitro cultured human monocytes/macrophages. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 388:905-19. [PMID: 25980358 PMCID: PMC4537507 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are dominant cells in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. They are also a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress, which is particularly high in subjects with diabetes, is responsible for accelerated atherosclerosis. Novel antidiabetic drugs (e.g., glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists) were shown to reduce ROS level. Therefore, we conceived a study to evaluate the influence of exenatide, a GLP-1 agonist, on redox status in human monocytes/macrophages cultured in vitro, which may explain the beneficial effects of incretin-based antidiabetic treatment. Human macrophages obtained from 10 healthy volunteers were in vitro subjected to the treatment with GLP-1 agonist (exenatide) in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), antagonist of GLP-1 receptors (exendin 9-39), or protein kinase A inhibitor (H89). Afterwards, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde level, NADPH oxidase, and antioxidative enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase] expression was evaluated. Finally, we estimated the activity of the abovementioned enzymes in the presence of H89. According to our findings, exenatide reduced ROS and malondialdyhyde (MDA) level by decreasing the expression of ROS-generating NADPH oxidase and by increasing the expression and activities of SOD and GSH-Px. We also showed that this effect was significantly inhibited by exendin 9-39 (a GLP-1 antagonist) and blocked by H89. Exenatide improved the antioxidative potential and reduced oxidative stress in cultured human monocytes/macrophages, and this finding may be responsible for the pleiotropic effects of incretin-based therapies. This effect relied on the stimulation of GLP-1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Bułdak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland,
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Jeong SJ, Park JG, Kim S, Kweon HY, Seo S, Na DS, Lee D, Hong CY, Na CS, Dong MS, Oh GT. Extract of Rhus verniciflua stokes protects the diet-induced hyperlipidemia in mice. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:2049-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0579-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Oxidative stress: dual pathway induction in cardiorenal syndrome type 1 pathogenesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:391790. [PMID: 25821554 PMCID: PMC4364374 DOI: 10.1155/2015/391790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 1 (Type 1) is a specific condition which is characterized by a rapid worsening of cardiac function leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). Even though its pathophysiology is complex and not still completely understood, oxidative stress seems to play a pivotal role. In this study, we examined the putative role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of CRS Type 1. Twenty-three patients with acute heart failure (AHF) were included in the study. Subsequently, 11 patients who developed AKI due to AHF were classified as CRS Type 1. Quantitative determinations for IL-6, myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD), and endogenous peroxidase activity (EPA) were performed. CRS Type 1 patients displayed significant augmentation in circulating ROS and RNS, as well as expression of IL-6. Quantitative analysis of all oxidative stress markers showed significantly lower oxidative stress levels in controls and AHF compared to CRS Type 1 patients (P < 0.05). This pilot study demonstrates the significantly heightened presence of dual oxidative stress pathway induction in CRS Type 1 compared to AHF patients. Our findings indicate that oxidative stress is a potential therapeutic target, as it promotes inflammation by ROS/RNS-linked pathogenesis.
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Fiuza B, Subelzú N, Calcerrada P, Straliotto MR, Piacenza L, Cassina A, Rocha JBT, Radi R, de Bem AF, Peluffo G. Impact of SIN-1-derived peroxynitrite flux on endothelial cell redox homeostasis and bioenergetics: protective role of diphenyl diselenide via induction of peroxiredoxins. Free Radic Res 2014; 49:122-32. [PMID: 25373783 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.983096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increased production of reactive nitrogen (RNS) and oxygen (ROS) species and its detrimental effect to mitochondria are associated with endothelial dysfunction. This study was designed to determine the effect of a peroxynitrite flux, promoted by 1,3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), in mitochondrial function and some redox homeostasis parameters in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). Moreover, the effect of diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2, a simple organic selenium compound, in preventing peroxynitrite-mediated cytotoxicity was also investigated. Our results showed that overnight exposure to SIN-1 (250 μM) caused a profound impairment of oxygen consumption, energy generation and reserve capacity in mitochondria of BAEC. Mitochondrial dysfunction resulted in an additional intracellular production of peroxynitrite, amplifying the phenomenon and leading to changes in redox homeostasis. Moreover, we observed an extensive decline in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) induced by peroxynitrite and this event was associated with apoptotic-type cell death. Alternatively, the pretreatment of BAEC with (PhSe)2, hindered peroxynitrite-mediated cell damage by preserving mitochondrial and endothelial function and consequently preventing apoptosis. The protective effect of (PhSe)2 was related to its ability to improve the intracellular redox state by increasing the expression of different isoforms of peroxiredoxins (Prx-1-3), efficient enzymes in peroxynitrite detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fiuza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Florianópolis, SC , Brazil
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31
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Kuzaj P, Kuhn J, Michalek RD, Karoly ED, Faust I, Dabisch-Ruthe M, Knabbe C, Hendig D. Large-scaled metabolic profiling of human dermal fibroblasts derived from pseudoxanthoma elasticum patients and healthy controls. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108336. [PMID: 25265166 PMCID: PMC4181624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the ABC transporter ABCC6 were recently identified as cause of Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive mineralization of elastic fibers. We used an untargeted metabolic approach to identify biochemical differences between human dermal fibroblasts from healthy controls and PXE patients in an attempt to find a link between ABCC6 deficiency, cellular metabolic alterations and disease pathogenesis. 358 compounds were identified by mass spectrometry covering lipids, amino acids, peptides, carbohydrates, nucleotides, vitamins and cofactors, xenobiotics and energy metabolites. We found substantial differences in glycerophospholipid composition, leucine dipeptides, and polypeptides as well as alterations in pantothenate and guanine metabolism to be significantly associated with PXE pathogenesis. These findings can be linked to extracellular matrix remodeling and increased oxidative stress, which reflect characteristic hallmarks of PXE. Our study could facilitate a better understanding of biochemical pathways involved in soft tissue mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kuzaj
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Joachim Kuhn
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Ryan D. Michalek
- Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Edward D. Karoly
- Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Isabel Faust
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Mareike Dabisch-Ruthe
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Knabbe
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Doris Hendig
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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Al Batran R, Al-Bayaty F, Al-Obaidi MMJ, Ashrafi A. Insights into the antiatherogenic molecular mechanisms of andrographolide against Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced atherosclerosis in rabbits. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:1141-52. [PMID: 25172523 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the commonest and most important vascular disease. Andrographolide (AND) is the main bioactive component of the medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata and is used in traditional medicine. This study was aimed to evaluate the antiatherogenic effect of AND against atherosclerosis induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis in White New Zealand rabbits. Thirty rabbits were divided into five groups as follows: G1, normal group; G2-5, were orally challenged with P. gingivalis five times a week over 12 weeks; G2, atherogenic control group; G3, standard group treated with atorvastatin (AV) 5 mg/kg; and G4 and G5, treatment groups treated with AND 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively over 12 weeks. Serums were subjected to antioxidant enzymatic and anti-inflammatory activities, and the aorta was subjected to histological analyses. Groups treated with AND showed a significant reversal of liver and renal biochemical changes, compared with the atherogenic control group. In the same groups, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total glutathione (GSH) levels in serum were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA)) levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, treated groups with AV and AND showed significant decrease in the level of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 compared with the atherogenic control group. In aortic homogenate, the level of nitrotyrosine was significantly increased, while the level of MCP1 was significantly decreased in AV and AND groups compared with the atherogenic control group. In addition, staining the aorta with Sudan IV showed a reduction in intimal thickening plaque in AV and AND groups compared with the atherogenic control group. AND has showed an antiatherogenic property as well as the capability to reduce lipid, liver, and kidney biomarkers in atherogenic serum that prevents atherosclerosis complications caused by P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Al Batran
- Center of Periodontology Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Chang KH, Park JM, Lee MY. Feasibility of simultaneous measurement of cytosolic calcium and hydrogen peroxide in vascular smooth muscle cells. BMB Rep 2014; 46:600-5. [PMID: 24195793 PMCID: PMC4133858 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interplay between calcium ions (Ca2+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) delicately controls diverse pathophysiological functions of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, details of the Ca2+ and ROS signaling network have been hindered by the absence of a method for dual measurement of Ca2+ and ROS. Here, a real-time monitoring system for Ca2+ and ROS was established using a genetically encoded hydrogen peroxide indicator, HyPer, and a ratiometric Ca2+ indicator, fura-2. For the simultaneous detection of fura-2 and HyPer signals, 540 nm emission filter and 500 nm∼ dichroic beamsplitter were combined with conventional exciters. The wide excitation spectrum of HyPer resulted in marginal cross-contamination with fura-2 signal. However, physiological Ca2+ transient and hydrogen peroxide were practically measurable in HyPer-expressing, fura-2-loaded VSMCs. Indeed, distinct Ca2+ and ROS signals could be successfully detected in serotonin-stimulated VSMCs. The system established in this study is applicable to studies of crosstalk between Ca2+ and ROS. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(12): 600-605]
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Moo-Yeol Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 410-820, Korea
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Liu W, Wang B, Ding H, Wang DW, Zeng H. A potential therapeutic effect of CYP2C8 overexpression on anti-TNF-α activity. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:725-32. [PMID: 25017038 PMCID: PMC4121355 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are generated from arachidonic acid catalysed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases. In addition to regulating vascular tone EETs may alleviate inflammation and ROS. The present study was conducted to determine whether CYP2C8 gene overexpression was able to increase the level of EETs, and subsequently prevent TNF-α induced inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and macrophages. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation, gp-91 activation, and inflammatory cytokine expression were detected by western blot analysis or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by flow cytometry, while the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was detected by Transwell assay. pCMV-mediated CYP2C8 overexpression and its metabolites, EETs, markedly suppressed TNF-α induced inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and MCP-1 expression via the activation of NF-κB and degradation of IκBα. Moreover, pretreatment with 11,12-EET significantly blocked TNF-α-induced ROS production. CYP2C8-derived EETs also effectively alleviated the migration of VSMCs and improved the function of endothelial cells through the upregulation of eNOS, which was significantly decreased under the stimulation of TNF-α. Furthermore, these protective effects observed were mediated by PPARγ activation. To the best of our knowledge, the results of the present study demonstrated for the first time that CYP2C8-derived EETs exerted antivascular inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, at least in part, through the activation of PPARγ. Thus, the CYP2C8 gene may be useful in the prevention and treatment of vascular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Liu
- The Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Bei Wang
- The Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Hu Ding
- The Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- The Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Hesong Zeng
- The Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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López-Reyes A, Rodríguez-Pérez JM, Fernández-Torres J, Martínez-Rodríguez N, Pérez-Hernández N, Fuentes-Gómez AJ, Aguilar-González CA, Alvarez-León E, Posadas-Romero C, Villarreal-Molina T, Pineda C, Vargas-Alarcón G. The HIF1A rs2057482 polymorphism is associated with risk of developing premature coronary artery disease and with some metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors. The Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease (GEA) Mexican Study. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 96:405-10. [PMID: 24769354 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to establish the role of HIF1A gene polymorphisms in the risk of developing premature coronary artery disease (CAD) in a well-characterized clinical cohort. Three polymorphisms in HIF1A (rs11549465, rs11549467, rs2057482) gene were genotyped in 949 patients with premature CAD, and 676 healthy controls (with negative calcium score by computed tomography). Under a dominant model adjusted for age, visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT/SAT) ratio, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), HDL-C levels, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, the rs2057482 T allele was associated with decreased risk of premature CAD when compared to healthy controls (OR = 0.616, P(dom) = 0.020). The effect of the studied polymorphisms on various metabolic parameters and cardiovascular risk factors was explored. In this analysis, the rs2057482 T allele was associated with decreased risk of obesity, central obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and increased risk of T2DM. Under a dominant model adjusted by age, the HIF1A rs2057482 T polymorphism was associated with high VAT/SAT ratio (P = 0.009) and HDL-C levels (P = 0.04) in healthy controls. The results suggest that HIF1A rs2057482 polymorphism is involved in the risk of developing CAD and is associated with some metabolic parameters and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto López-Reyes
- Molecular Synovioanalisis Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Javier Fernández-Torres
- Molecular Synovioanalisis Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nancy Martínez-Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nonanzit Pérez-Hernández
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Edith Alvarez-León
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Posadas-Romero
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Pineda
- Molecular Synovioanalisis Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Bułdak Ł, Łabuzek K, Bułdak RJ, Kozłowski M, Machnik G, Liber S, Suchy D, Duława-Bułdak A, Okopień B. Metformin affects macrophages' phenotype and improves the activity of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and decreases malondialdehyde concentration in a partially AMPK-independent manner in LPS-stimulated human monocytes/macrophages. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:418-29. [PMID: 24905518 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic patients experience accelerated atherosclerosis. Metformin is a cornerstone of the current therapy of type 2 diabetes. Macrophages are the key cells associated with the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, our aim was to assess the in vitro effects of metformin on macrophages and its influence on the mechanisms involved in the development of atherosclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from the group including 16 age-matched healthy non-smoking volunteers aged 18-40 years. Monocytes were further incubated with metformin, LPS and compound C--a pharmacological inhibitor of AMPK. The impact of metformin on oxidative stress markers, antioxidative properties, inflammatory cytokines and phenotypical markers of macrophages was studied. RESULTS We showed that macrophages treated with metformin expressed less reactive oxygen species (ROS), which resulted from increased antioxidative potential. Furthermore, a reduction in inflammatory cytokines was observed. We also observed a phenotypic shift toward the alternative activation of macrophages that was induced by metformin. All the aforementioned results resulted from AMPK activation, but a residual activity of metformin after AMPK blockade was still noticeable even after inhibition of AMPK by compound C. CONCLUSIONS Authors believe that metformin-based therapy, a cornerstone in diabetes therapy, not only improves the prognosis of diabetics by reducing blood glucose but also by reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine production and the shift toward alternative activation of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Bułdak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Łabuzek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Rafał Jakub Bułdak
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Michał Kozłowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Machnik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Liber
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dariusz Suchy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Duława-Bułdak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogusław Okopień
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Eun SY, Park SW, Lee JH, Chang KC, Kim HJ. P2Y(2)R activation by nucleotides released from oxLDL-treated endothelial cells (ECs) mediates the interaction between ECs and immune cells through RAGE expression and reactive oxygen species production. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 69:157-66. [PMID: 24486339 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein oxidation, inflammation, and immune responses involving the vascular endothelium and immune cells contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In an atherosclerotic animal model, P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R) upregulation and stimulation were previously shown to induce intimal hyperplasia and increased intimal monocyte infiltration. Thus, we investigated the role of P2Y2R in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-mediated oxidative stress and the subsequent interaction between endothelial cells (ECs) and immune cells. The treatment of human ECs with oxLDL caused the rapid release of ATP (maximum after 5 min). ECs treated with oxLDL or the P2Y2R agonists ATP/UTP for 1h exhibited significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, but this effect was not observed in P2Y2R siRNA-transfected ECs. In addition, oxLDL and ATP/UTP both induced RAGE expression, which was P2Y2R dependent. Oxidized LDL- and ATP/UTP-mediated ROS production was diminished in RAGE siRNA-transfected ECs, suggesting that RAGE is an important mediator in P2Y2R-mediated ROS production. Treatment with oxLDL for 24h induced P2Y2R expression in the human monocyte cell line THP-1 and increased THP-1 cell migration toward ECs. The addition of apyrase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes nucleotides, or diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), a well-known inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, significantly inhibited the increase in cell migration caused by oxLDL. P2Y2R siRNA-transfected THP-1 cells did not migrate in response to oxLDL or ATP/UTP treatment, indicating a critical role for P2Y2R and nucleotide release in oxLDL-induced monocyte migration. Last, oxLDL and ATP/UTP effectively increased ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression and the subsequent binding of THP-1 cells to ECs, which was inhibited by pretreatment with DPI or by siRNA against P2Y2R or RAGE, suggesting that P2Y2R is an important mediator in oxLDL-mediated monocyte adhesion to ECs through the regulation of ROS-dependent adhesion molecule expression in ECs. Taken together, our findings suggest that P2Y2R could be a therapeutic target for the prevention of vascular disorders, including atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Eun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Jae Heun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Ki Churl Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
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Ewart MA, Kennedy S, Macmillan D, Raja ALN, Watt IM, Currie S. Altered vascular smooth muscle function in the ApoE knockout mouse during the progression of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2014; 234:154-61. [PMID: 24657385 PMCID: PMC3997800 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) requires re-uptake of cytosolic Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) via the Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA), or extrusion via the Plasma Membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA) or sodium Ca2+ exchanger (NCX). Peroxynitrite, a reactive species formed in vascular inflammatory diseases, upregulates SERCA activity to induce relaxation but, chronically, can contribute to atherogenesis and altered vascular function by escalating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our objectives were to determine if peroxynitrite-induced relaxation and Ca2+ handling processes within vascular smooth muscle cells were altered as atherosclerosis develops. Methods Aortae from control and ApoE−/− mice were studied histologically, functionally and for protein expression levels of SERCA and PMCA. Ca2+ responses were assessed in dissociated aortic smooth muscle cells in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca2+. Results Relaxation to peroxynitrite was concentration-dependent and endothelium-independent. The abilities of the SERCA blocker thapsigargin and the PMCA inhibitor carboxyeosin to block this relaxation were altered during fat feeding and plaque progression. SERCA levels were progressively reduced, while PMCA expression was upregulated. In ApoE−/− VSM cells, increases in cytosolic Ca2+ [Ca2+]c in response to SERCA blockade were reduced, while SERCA-independent Ca2+ clearance was faster compared to control. Conclusion As atherosclerosis develops in the ApoE−/− mouse, expression and function of Ca2+ handling proteins are altered. Up-regulation of Ca2+ removal via PMCA may offer a potential compensatory mechanism to help normalise the dysfunctional relaxation observed during disease progression. Expression and function of SERCA and PMCA are temporally altered in ApoE−/− VSM. TG-induced increases in [Ca2+]c were reduced in ApoE−/− aortic SM cells. Ca2+ extrusion is upregulated in isolated ApoE−/− aortic SM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ann Ewart
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Simon Kennedy
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Debbi Macmillan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NR, UK
| | - Abhirami L N Raja
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ian M Watt
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Susan Currie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NR, UK
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El Eter E, Al Masri A, Habib S, Al Zamil H, Al Hersi A, Al Hussein F, Al Omran M. Novel links among peroxiredoxins, endothelial dysfunction, and severity of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral atherosclerotic disease. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:173-81. [PMID: 23801458 PMCID: PMC3933621 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0442-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins, a group of antioxidant protein enzymes (PRDX1 to 6), are reported as antiatherogenic factors in animals; however, human studies are lacking. The present work aims to provide baseline data regarding the phenotype of PRDX1, 2, 4, and 6 in diabetic patients with peripheral atherosclerosis disease (PAD) and their relation to endothelial dysfunction (ED) and disease severity. Plasma levels of PRDX1, 2, 4, and 6 and markers of endothelial dysfunction (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) were measured using ELISA in 55 type 2 diabetic patients having PAD and 25 healthy subjects. Ankle-brachial index (ABI), body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, HbA1c, and insulin resistance (HOMA IR) were measured. PRDX1, 2, 4, and 6 levels were significantly higher in patients compared to controls (PRDX1 21.9 ± 5.71 vs 16.8 ± 3.9 ng/ml, P < 0.001, PRDX2 36.5 ± 14.83 vs 20.4 ± 8.61 ng/ml, P < 0.001, PRDX4 3,840 ± 1,440 vs 2,696 ± 1,972 pg/ml, P < 0.005, PRDX6 311 ± 110 vs 287.9 ± 114 pg/ml, P < 0.05). PRDX1 and PRDX4 correlated negatively with ABI (r = -0.273, P < 0.05 and r = -0.28, P < 0.05, respectively), while PRDX1 and PRDX2 correlated positively with HOMA/IR and TG (r = 0.276, P < 0.01 and r = 0.295, P < 0.01, respectively). ICAM-1 was associated with PRDX2 and log PRDX6 (r = 0.345, P = 0.0037 and r = 0.344, P = 0.0038). Our results provide strong links among PRDXs, ED, and severity of PAD in diabetic patients which warrants further evaluation to clarify whether high circulating levels of PRDXs are a consequence of chronic atherosclerotic disease or a predisposing factor for later cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman El Eter
- Physiology Department, Medical College and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, P.O. BOX 2925(29), Riyadh, 11464, Saudi Arabia,
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Park SH, Koo HJ, Sung YY, Kim HK. The protective effect of Prunella vulgaris ethanol extract against vascular inflammation in TNF-α-stimulated human aortic smooth muscle cells. BMB Rep 2014; 46:352-7. [PMID: 23884101 PMCID: PMC4133916 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.7.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, which manifests as acute coronary syndrome, stroke, and peripheral arterial diseases, is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. Prunella vulgaris, a perennial herb with a worldwide distribution, has been used as a traditional medicine in inflammatory disease. Here, we investigated the effects of P. vulgaris ethanol extract on TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). We found that P. vulgaris ethanol extract inhibited adhesion of monocyte/macrophage-like THP-1 cells to activated HASMCs. It also decreased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin and ROS, No production in TNF-α-induced HASMCs and reduced NF-kB activation. Furthermore, P. vulgaris extract suppressed TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). These results demonstrate that P. vulgaris possesses antiinflammatory properties and can regulate TNF-α-induced expression of adhesion molecules by inhibiting the p38 MAPK/ ERK signaling pathway. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(7): 352-357]
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Haeng Park
- Basic Herbal Medicine Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
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Chen H, Li G, Zhan P, Li H, Wang S, Liu X. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel trimethylpyrazine-2-carbonyloxy-cinnamic acids as potent cardiovascular agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00022f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Kumar H, Kim IS, More SV, Kim BW, Choi DK. Natural product-derived pharmacological modulators of Nrf2/ARE pathway for chronic diseases. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:109-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np70065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Mancini G, de Oliveira J, Hort MA, Moreira ELG, Ribeiro-do-Valle RM, Rocha JBT, de Bem AF. Diphenyl diselenide differently modulates cardiovascular redox responses in young adult and middle-aged low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout hypercholesterolemic mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 66:387-97. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The present work aimed to investigate the effect of (PhSe)2 on cardiovascular age-related oxidative stress in hypercholesterolemic mice.
Methods
To this end, LDL receptor knockout (LDLr−/−) mice, 3 months (young adult) and 12 months (middle-aged) old, were orally treated with (PhSe)2.
Key findings
Hypercholesterolemia, regardless of age, impaired the mitochondrial antioxidant defence in the cardiac tissue, which was characterized by a decline in mitochondrial aortic glutathione (GSH) levels and increased reactive oxygen species production in the heart. (PhSe)2 treatment improved GSH levels, thioredoxin reductase (TRxR) and GSH reductase (GR) activity, and decreased malondialdehyde levels in the heart of young adult LDLr−/− mice. Moreover, (PhSe)2 increased GPx activity in both age groups, and GR activity in the aorta of middle-aged LDLr−/− mice.
Conclusions
Therefore, (PhSe)2 enhances the antioxidant defences in the cardiovascular system of LDLr−/− mice, which could explain its success as an anti-atherogenic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Mancini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jade de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Mariana Appel Hort
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Luiz Gasnhar Moreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Febuxostat, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced MCP-1 production via MAPK phosphatase-1-mediated inactivation of JNK. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75527. [PMID: 24086554 PMCID: PMC3783396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation can trigger various pathological conditions such as inflammation, in which xanthine oxidase (XO) is one major enzymatic source of ROS. Although XO has been reported to play essential roles in inflammatory conditions, the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of XO in inflammatory pathways remain unclear. Febuxostat, a selective and potent inhibitor of XO, effectively inhibits not only the generation of uric acid but also the formation of ROS. In this study, therefore, we examined the effects of febuxostat on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammatory responses. Here we show that febuxostat suppresses LPS-induced MCP-1 production and mRNA expression via activating MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) which, in turn, leads to dephosphorylation and inactivation of JNK in macrophages. Moreover, these effects of febuxostat are mediated by inhibiting XO-mediated intracellular ROS production. Taken together, our data suggest that XO mediates LPS-induced phosphorylation of JNK through ROS production and MKP-1 inactivation, leading to MCP-1 production in macrophages. These studies may bring new insights into the novel role of XO in regulating inflammatory process through MAPK phosphatase, and demonstrate the potential use of XO inhibitor in modulating the inflammatory processes.
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Makino J, Nakanishi R, Kamiya T, Hara H, Ninomiya M, Koketsu M, Adachi T. Luteolin suppresses the differentiation of THP-1 cells through the Inhibition of NOX2 mRNA expression and the membrane translocation of p47phox. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:1285-1290. [PMID: 23786520 DOI: 10.1021/np400224w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Luteolin (1), a natural product occurring in many vegetables and fruits, is known to have several biological activities. Cluster for differentiation (CD) families, such as CD11b, -14, and -36, are expressed during pathological processes of atherosclerosis and are used broadly as markers of monocytic differentiation into macrophages. Herein, it was investigated whether 1 and three other flavonoids [chrysin (2), apigenin (3), and tricetin (4)] blocked 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-triggered induction of CD families, which were induced through the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). When compared to flavonoids 2-4, 1 blocked TPA-triggered induction of CD families and cell adherence of monocytic THP-1 cells. Luteolin completely blocked intracellular ROS generation, whereas it did not inhibit MEK/ERK phosphorylation. Moreover, pretreatment with 1 suppressed TPA-triggered induction of NOX2 and membrane translocation of p47(phox). Overall, it is revealed that 1 suppresses TPA-triggered induction of CD families by the prevention of NOX2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Makino
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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Son SJ, Rhee KJ, Lim J, Kim TU, Kim TJ, Kim YS. Triglyceride-induced macrophage cell death is triggered by caspase-1. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 36:108-13. [PMID: 23302643 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Triglyceride (TG) induces macrophage cell death which contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. We confirmed that exogenous TG accumulates in human THP-1 macrophages and causes cell death. TG treated THP-1 macrophages exhibited no change in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-18, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, and IL-1R1 receptor mRNA expression. However, there was a marked decrease in IL-1β mRNA expression but an increase in IL-1β protein secretion. Decreased expression of IL-1β mRNA and increased secretion of IL-1β protein was not the direct cause of cell death. Until now, TG was assumed to induce necrotic cell death in macrophages. Since caspase-1 is known to be involved in activation and secretion of IL-1β protein and pyroptotic cell death, next we determined whether caspase-1 is associated with TG-induced macrophage cell death. We found an increase in caspase-1 activity in TG-treated THP-1 macrophages and inhibition of caspase-1 activity using a specific inhibitor partially rescued cell death. These results suggest activation of the pyroptotic pathway by TG. This is the first report implicating the activation of caspase-1 and the triggering of the pyroptosis pathway in TG-induced macrophage cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Jee Son
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju 220–710, Republic of Korea
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Choi JH, Yoo JY, Kim SO, Yoo SE, Oh GT. KR-31543 reduces the production of proinflammatory molecules in human endothelial cells and monocytes and attenuates atherosclerosis in mouse model. Exp Mol Med 2013; 44:733-9. [PMID: 23143639 PMCID: PMC3538980 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2012.44.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
KR-31543, (2S, 3R, 4S)-6-amino-4-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)- N-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-ylmethyl) amino]-3,4-dihydro- 2-dimethyoxymethyl-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2H-1-benz opyran is a new neuroprotective agent for ischemiareperfusion damage. It has also been reported that KR-31543 has protective effects on lipid peroxidation and H₂O₂-induced reactive oxygen species production. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties of KR-31543. We observed that KR-31543 treatment reduced the production of MCP-1, IL-8, and VCAM-1 in HUVECs, and of MCP-1 and IL-6 in THP-1 human monocytes. We also examined the effect of KR-31543 on monocytes migration in vitro. KR-31543 treatment effectively reduced the migration of THP-1 human monocytes to the HUVEC monolayer in a dose-dependent manner. We next examined the effects of this compound on atherogenesis in LDL receptor deficient (Ldlr ⁻/⁻) mice. After 10 weeks of western diet, the formation of atherosclerotic lesion in aorta was reduced in the KR-31543-treated group compared to the control group. The accumulation of macrophages in lesion was also reduced in KR-31543 treated group. However, the plasma levels of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglyceride were not affected by KR-31543 treatment. Taken together, these results show that KR-31543 has anti-inflammatory properties on human monocytes and endothelial cells, and inhibits fatty streak lesion formation in mouse model of atherosclerosis, suggesting the potential of KR-31543 for the treatment for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hoon Choi
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Kore
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The influence of Nrf2 on cardiac responses to environmental stressors. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:901239. [PMID: 23738044 PMCID: PMC3655674 DOI: 10.1155/2013/901239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nrf2 protects the lung from adverse responses to oxidants, including 100% oxygen (hyperoxia) and airborne pollutants like particulate matter (PM) exposure, but the role of Nrf2 on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) responses is not known. We hypothesized that genetic disruption of Nrf2 would exacerbate murine HR and HRV responses to severe hyperoxia or moderate PM exposures. Nrf2−/− and Nrf2+/+ mice were instrumented for continuous ECG recording to calculate HR and HRV (low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and total power (TP)). Mice were then either exposed to hyperoxia for up to 72 hrs or aspirated with ultrafine PM (UF-PM). Compared to respective controls, UF-PM induced significantly greater effects on HR (P < 0.001) and HF HRV (P < 0.001) in Nrf2−/− mice compared to Nrf2+/+ mice. Nrf2−/− mice tolerated hyperoxia significantly less than Nrf2+/+ mice (~22 hrs; P < 0.001). Reductions in HR, LF, HF, and TP HRV were also significantly greater in Nrf2−/− compared to Nrf2+/+ mice (P < 0.01). Results demonstrate that Nrf2 deletion increases susceptibility to change in HR and HRV responses to environmental stressors and suggest potential therapeutic strategies to prevent cardiovascular alterations.
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Nrf2 and cardiovascular defense. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:104308. [PMID: 23691261 PMCID: PMC3649703 DOI: 10.1155/2013/104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is susceptible to a group of diseases that are responsible for a larger proportion of morbidity and mortality than any other disease. Many cardiovascular diseases are associated with a failure of defenses against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage and/or death, leading to organ dysfunction. The pleiotropic transcription factor, nuclear factor-erythroid (NF-E) 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), regulates the expression of antioxidant enzymes and proteins through the antioxidant response element. Nrf2 is an important component in antioxidant defenses in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. Nrf2 is also involved in protection against oxidant stress during the processes of ischemia-reperfusion injury and aging. However, evidence suggests that Nrf2 activity does not always lead to a positive outcome and may accelerate the pathogenesis of some cardiovascular diseases (e.g., atherosclerosis). The precise conditions under which Nrf2 acts to attenuate or stimulate cardiovascular disease processes are unclear. Further studies on the cellular environments related to cardiovascular diseases that influence Nrf2 pathways are required before Nrf2 can be considered a therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Matsutomo T, Stark TD, Hofmann T. In vitro activity-guided identification of antioxidants in aged garlic extract. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:3059-3067. [PMID: 23448127 DOI: 10.1021/jf305549g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Activity-guided fractionation was applied on an aged garlic extract (AGE), reported to show strong antioxidant activity, in order to locate the key in vitro antioxidant ingredients by means of the hydrogen peroxide scavenging (HPS) assay as well as the ORAC assay. Besides the previously reported four tetrahydro-β-carbolines, (1R,3S)- and (1S,3S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid and (1R,3S)- and (1S,3S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, LC-MS/MS, LC-TOF-MS, and 1D/2D-NMR experiments led to the identification of coniferyl alcohol and its dilignols (-)-(2R,3S)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol, (+)-(2S,3R)-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol, erythro-guaiacylglycerol-β-O-4'-coniferyl ether, and threo-guaiacylglycerol-β-O-4'-coniferyl ether as the major antioxidants in AGE. The purified individual compounds showed high antioxidant activity, with EC50 values of 9.7-11.8 μM (HPS assay) and 2.60-3.65 μmol TE/μmol (ORAC assay), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Matsutomo
- Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner Strasse 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
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