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Kobik W, Aryee PA. Energy drinks in Tamale: Understanding youth perceptions, consumption patterns, and related factors. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0289391. [PMID: 38669248 PMCID: PMC11051681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Energy drinks (EDs) have become a popular choice for young people seeking physical and cognitive boosts, with ingredients such as caffeine, taurine, and B vitamins aimed at improving academic, athletic, and alertness levels. However, the popularity of these drinks is also driven by low prices, taste, brand loyalty, and gendered marketing, with boys being more likely to consume them. Despite the supposed benefits, EDs have been associated with high-risk behaviours, deaths, and adverse health effects, especially those related to cardiovascular risk. Meanwhile, in Ghana, the use of EDs is on the rise. Hence, this study aimed to examine the prevalence and consumption patterns, perceptions, and factors associated with ED consumption among the youth of the Tamale Metropolis. The study was cross-sectional, consisting of 541 participants. The group consisted of 340 males and 201 females, between the ages of 15 and 45. A questionnaire was utilized to obtain data on the respondents' consumption patterns and perceptions of EDs, as well as their socio-demographic characteristics. The results of the study indicated that a large percentage of the respondents, 98.7%, had consumed EDs before, while 78.7% currently consume them. Respondents believed that EDs provided additional energy (81.00%) and reduced stress (62.30%). However, they also perceived side effects such as insomnia (60.60%) and restlessness (51.40%). Also, the highest proportion of respondents (83.4%) had poor knowledge of EDs. They were unaware of the classification of EDs and their ingredients, side effects, and benefits. Age, marital status, level of education, work intensity, EDs served at gatherings, and knowledge of EDs was significantly associated with ED consumption (p < .05). Consumption was higher among those aged 26 to 35 years, singles, individuals with no formal education, and those with high work intensity. The high consumption was also associated with low knowledge levels. It is recommended that public health and nutrition professionals engage in further advocacy efforts to improve the youth's knowledge and perception of EDs in a positive manner. In addition, lawmakers should use legislation to influence consumption rates and safeguard the health of consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Williams Kobik
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Allied Relief, Tamale, Northern Region, Ghana
| | - Paul Armah Aryee
- Department of Dietetics, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Northern Region, Ghana
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Simpamba K, May JL, Waghat A, Attarian H, Mateyo K. Obstructive sleep apnea and excessive daytime sleepiness among commercial motor vehicle drivers in Lusaka, Zambia. J Clin Sleep Med 2023; 19:1191-1198. [PMID: 36856062 PMCID: PMC10315601 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a risk factor for a major public health problem, car crashes, due to excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Commercial vehicle driving (CVD) is a hazardous occupation, having a high fatality rate worldwide. There have been no studies on EDS and OSA in Zambia despite the high rate of annual road traffic accidents (RTAs). We aim to determine the prevalence of EDS and OSA risk among CVDs in Lusaka, Zambia, to assess the impact of OSA on high RTA rates. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. The STOP BANG questionnaire and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale were used. Consecutive sampling of drivers was done who were divided into low and high risk of OSA (HROSA). The risk factors associated with OSA in the bivariate analyses were subjected to a multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS One hundred thirty-six drivers participated in the study (all male) with a mean age of 48 ± 5 years. The prevalence of HROSA was 22.8% out of whom 67.7% also had a EDS. Only 9.6% of the total cohort had EDS without HROSA. Using Fisher's exact test, HROSA was significantly associated with older age (> 50 years, P < .001), obesity (body mass index >30, P < .001), neck circumference of > 40 cm (P = .032), and hypertension (P < .001). Snoring and EDS were significantly associated with RTAs (P < .0001 and P = .007, respectively). CONCLUSIONS High risk of OSA and EDS are common among CMV drivers in Zambia and underdiagnosed. The risk factors for OSA are amenable to preventive interventions. CITATION Simpamba K, May JL, Waghat A, Attarian H, Mateyo K. Obstructive sleep apnea and excessive daytime sleepiness among commercial motor vehicle drivers in Lusaka, Zambia. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(7):1191-1198.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Simpamba
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Jasmine L. May
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Afzal Waghat
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Hrayr Attarian
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kondwelani Mateyo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
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Mabry JE, Camden M, Miller A, Sarkar A, Manke A, Ridgeway C, Iridiastadi H, Crowder T, Islam M, Soccolich S, Hanowski RJ. Unravelling the Complexity of Irregular Shiftwork, Fatigue and Sleep Health for Commercial Drivers and the Associated Implications for Roadway Safety. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14780. [PMID: 36429498 PMCID: PMC9690622 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fatigue can be a significant problem for commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers. The lifestyle of a long-haul CMV driver may include long and irregular work hours, inconsistent sleep schedules, poor eating and exercise habits, and mental and physical stress, all contributors to fatigue. Shiftwork is associated with lacking, restricted, and poor-quality sleep and variations in circadian rhythms, all shown to negatively affect driving performance through impaired in judgment and coordination, longer reaction times, and cognitive impairment. Overweight and obesity may be as high as 90% in CMV drivers, and are associated with prevalent comorbidities, including obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension, and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. As cognitive and motor processing declines with fatigue, driver performance decreases, and the risk of errors, near crashes, and crashes increases. Tools and assessments to determine and quantify the nature, severity, and impact of fatigue and sleep disorders across a variety of environments and populations have been developed and should be critically examined before being employed with CMV drivers. Strategies to mitigate fatigue in CMV operations include addressing the numerous personal, health, and work factors contributing to fatigue and sleepiness. Further research is needed across these areas to better understand implications for roadway safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Erin Mabry
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Matthew Camden
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Andrew Miller
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Aditi Manke
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Christiana Ridgeway
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Hardianto Iridiastadi
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Tarah Crowder
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Mouyid Islam
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Susan Soccolich
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Richard J. Hanowski
- Division of Freight, Transit, and Heavy Vehicle Safety, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Kelly MR, Zeidler MR, DeCruz S, Oldenkamp CL, Josephson KR, Mitchell MN, Littner M, Ancoli-Israel S, Badr MS, Alessi CA, Martin JL. Actigraphy prior to Multiple Sleep Latency Test: nighttime total sleep time predicts sleep-onset latency. J Clin Sleep Med 2022; 18:161-170. [PMID: 34310278 PMCID: PMC8807926 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical utility of actigraphy as compared with sleep questionnaires prior to the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) in a sleep disorders clinic population. METHODS Twenty-eight clinically referred participants (mean age: 42.3 ± 18.8 years) completed the study protocol. On day 1, participants completed the following questionnaires: Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Visual Analog Scale (affect, vigor), Patient Health Questionnaire, and Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form. On days 1-8, participants wore an actigraph and completed a sleep diary to assess mean nighttime and mean daytime total sleep time and sleep efficiency or sleep percentage. On day 9, participants repeated the ESS and completed an MSLT. Correlations assessed mean MSLT sleep-onset latency (MSLT-SOL) vs actigraphy, sleep diary, and questionnaires. Chi-square analyses assessed abnormal MSLT-SOL (≤ 8 minutes) or daytime sleepiness (ESS ≥ 10) and referral question (ie, sleep-disordered breathing vs hypersomnolence disorder). RESULTS Mean MSLT-SOL was correlated with nighttime total sleep time assessed via both actigraphy and diary, but not with questionnaires. Significant correlations emerged for ESS score on day 1 vs 9, actigraphy vs sleep diary mean nighttime total sleep time, and PSQI vs mean sleep diary sleep efficiency. There was no significant relationship between mean MSLT-SOL and referral question. CONCLUSIONS Our finding that total sleep time measured by actigraphy was associated with MSLT-SOL suggests it is useful in informing the interpretation of MSLT findings; however, it does not appear to be a viable substitute for MSLT for the measurement of objective sleepiness in clinical settings. CITATION Kelly MR, Zeidler MR, DeCruz S, et al. Actigraphy prior to Multiple Sleep Latency Test: nighttime total sleep time predicts sleep-onset latency. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(1):161-170.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R. Kelly
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, North Hills, California
| | - Michelle R. Zeidler
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, North Hills, California
| | - Sharon DeCruz
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Caitlin L. Oldenkamp
- Department of Emergency Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Karen R. Josephson
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, North Hills, California
| | - Michael N. Mitchell
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, North Hills, California
| | - Michael Littner
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, North Hills, California,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - M. Safwan Badr
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan,John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Cathy A. Alessi
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, North Hills, California,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer L. Martin
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, North Hills, California,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Address correspondence to: Jennifer L. Martin, PhD, VA Sepulveda Ambulatory Care Center, 16111 Plummer Street (11E), North Hills, CA 91343;
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5
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Chen S, Sun L, Zhang C. Adaptation and validity of the Sleep Quality Scale among Chinese drivers. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259813. [PMID: 34762701 PMCID: PMC8584771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Poor sleep quality is closed related with driving accidents. However, due to the lack of a valid instrument for assessing drivers' sleep quality, few studies have examined drivers' sleep quality and its associations with driving behaviours and traffic accidents in China. The aim of this paper is to revise the Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) and assess its reliability and validity in Chinese drivers. METHODS 522 Chinese drivers aged from 18 to 56 years old agreed to complete the SQS, Daytime Sleepiness Perception Scale version 4 (DSPS-4), Self-report of Risky Driving Behavior (RD-SR) and Self-assessment of the Likelihood of Being Involved in a Risky Driving Situation (RD-SA). RESULTS The final Chinese version of the SQS contained 23 items across four factors: difficulty in getting up, difficulty in falling asleep, sleep recovery and daytime dysfunction. Second, man scored lower on the difficulty in falling asleep factor but higher on the sleep recovery factor than women. Third, low to moderate correlations were found between the SQS factors and the DSPS-4, RD-SA and RD-SR, indicating that the validity of the revised scale was satisfactory. More importantly, daytime dysfunction factor is an effective predictor of violation involvement and accident involvement. CONCLUSION The revised SQS has acceptable reliability and validity and can be used as a tool to measure the sleep quality of Chinese drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Long Sun
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Changlu Zhang
- School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
- School of Education, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
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Cori JM, Downey LA, Sletten TL, Beatty CJ, Shiferaw BA, Soleimanloo SS, Turner S, Naqvi A, Barnes M, Kuo J, Lenné MG, Anderson C, Tucker AJ, Wolkow AP, Clark A, Rajaratnam SMW, Howard ME. The impact of 7-hour and 11-hour rest breaks between shifts on heavy vehicle truck drivers' sleep, alertness and naturalistic driving performance. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2021; 159:106224. [PMID: 34192654 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An inadequate rest break between shifts may contribute to driver sleepiness. This study assessed whether extending the major rest break between shifts from 7-hours (Australian industry standard) to 11-hours, improved drivers' sleep, alertness and naturalistic driving performance. METHODS 17 heavy vehicle drivers (16 male) were recruited to complete two conditions. Each condition comprised two 13-hour shifts, separated by either a 7- or 11-hour rest break. The initial 13-hour shift was the drivers' regular work. The rest break and following 13-hour shift were simulated. The simulated shift included 5-hours of naturalistic driving with measures of subjective sleepiness, physiological alertness (ocular and electroencephalogram) and performance (steering and lane departures). RESULTS 13 drivers provided useable data. Total sleep during the rest break was greater in the 11-hour than the 7-hour condition (median hours [25th to 75th percentile] 6.59 [6.23, 7.23] vs. 5.07 [4.46, 5.38], p = 0.008). During the simulated shift subjective sleepiness was marginally better for the 11-hour condition (mean Karolinska Sleepiness Scale [95th CI] = 4.52 [3.98, 5.07] vs. 5.12 [4.56, 5.68], p = 0.009). During the drive, ocular and vehicle metrics were improved for the 11-hour condition (p<0.05). Contrary to expectations, mean lane departures p/hour were increased during the 11-hour condition (1.34 [-0.38,3.07] vs. 0.63 [-0.2,1.47], p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS Extending the major rest between shifts substantially increases sleep duration and has a modest positive impact on driver alertness and performance. Future work should replicate the study in a larger sample size to improve generalisability and assess the impact of consecutive 7-hour major rest breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Cori
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Luke A Downey
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Tracey L Sletten
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caroline J Beatty
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brook A Shiferaw
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia; Seeing Machines Ltd., 80 Mildura St., Fyshwick, ACT, Australia
| | - Shamsi Shekari Soleimanloo
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Australia; Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sophie Turner
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aqsa Naqvi
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maree Barnes
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonny Kuo
- Seeing Machines Ltd., 80 Mildura St., Fyshwick, ACT, Australia
| | - Michael G Lenné
- Seeing Machines Ltd., 80 Mildura St., Fyshwick, ACT, Australia
| | - Clare Anderson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew J Tucker
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexander P Wolkow
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anna Clark
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shantha M W Rajaratnam
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark E Howard
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia
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Cori JM, Manousakis JE, Koppel S, Ferguson SA, Sargent C, Howard ME, Anderson C. An evaluation and comparison of commercial driver sleepiness detection technology: a rapid review. Physiol Meas 2021; 42. [PMID: 34338222 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/abfbb8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Sleepiness-related motor vehicle crashes, caused by lack of sleep or driving during night-time hours, often result in serious injury or fatality. Sleepiness detection technology is rapidly emerging as a sleepiness risk mitigation strategy for drivers. Continuous monitoring technologies assess and alert to driver sleepiness in real-time, while fit for duty technologies provide a single assessment of sleepiness state. The aim of this rapid review was to evaluate and compare sleepiness detection technologies in relation to specifications, cost, target consumer group and validity.Approach. We evaluated a range of sleepiness detection technologies suitable for consumer groups ranging from regular drivers in private vehicles through to work-related drivers within large businesses.Main results. Continuous monitoring technologies typically ranged between $100 and $3000 AUD and had ongoing monthly costs for telematics functionality and manager alerts. Fit for duty technologies had either a one-off purchase cost or a monthly subscription cost. Of concern, the majority of commercial continuous monitoring technologies lacked scientific validation. While some technologies had promising findings in terms of their ability to detect and reduce driver sleepiness, further validation work is required. Field studies that evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of technology alerts under conditions that are regularly experienced by drivers are necessary. Additionally, there is a need for longitudinal naturalistic driving studies to determine whether sleepiness detection technologies actually reduce sleepiness-related crashes or near-crashes.Significance. There is an abundance of sleepiness detection technologies on the market, but a majority lacked validation. There is a need for these technologies and their validation to be regulated by a driver safety body. Otherwise, consumers will base their technology choices on cost and features, rather than the ability to save lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Cori
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica E Manousakis
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sjaan Koppel
- Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sally A Ferguson
- Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Wayville, South Australia, 5034, Australia
| | - Charli Sargent
- Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Wayville, South Australia, 5034, Australia
| | - Mark E Howard
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Clare Anderson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Grandner MA, Hall C, Jaszewski A, Alfonso-Miller P, Gehrels JA, Killgore WDS. Mental Health in Student Athletes: Associations With Sleep Duration, Sleep Quality, Insomnia, Fatigue, and Sleep Apnea Symptoms. ATHLETIC TRAINING & SPORTS HEALTH CARE 2021; 13:e159-e167. [PMID: 35874119 PMCID: PMC9307070 DOI: 10.3928/19425864-20200521-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify the relationship between sleep difficulties and poor mental health among student athletes using validated measures. METHODS Data were collected from 190 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student athletes. Sleep assessments included measures of sleep duration, sleep quality, insomnia, fatigue, and sleep apnea symptoms. Mental well-being was assessed as depression, anxiety, mental health days, stress, and social support from family, friends, significant other, and teammates. RESULTS Shorter sleep duration, poor sleep quality, insomnia, and fatigue were consistently and independently associated with stress, depression, anxiety, mental health days, and social support. Sleep apnea symptoms were associated with stress, depression, and social support. CONCLUSIONS Short sleep duration, poor sleep quality, and daytime fatigue in student athletes are all associated with depression, anxiety, stress, poor mental health days, and decreased social support. These associations are not accounted for solely by stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Grandner
- Sleep and Health Research Program (MAG, CH, AJ, PA-M, JG) and the SCAN Lab, Department of Psychiatry (WDSK), and the Department of Athletics (AA), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christina Hall
- Sleep and Health Research Program (MAG, CH, AJ, PA-M, JG) and the SCAN Lab, Department of Psychiatry (WDSK), and the Department of Athletics (AA), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Anjelica Jaszewski
- Sleep and Health Research Program (MAG, CH, AJ, PA-M, JG) and the SCAN Lab, Department of Psychiatry (WDSK), and the Department of Athletics (AA), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Pamela Alfonso-Miller
- Sleep and Health Research Program (MAG, CH, AJ, PA-M, JG) and the SCAN Lab, Department of Psychiatry (WDSK), and the Department of Athletics (AA), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jo-Ann Gehrels
- Sleep and Health Research Program (MAG, CH, AJ, PA-M, JG) and the SCAN Lab, Department of Psychiatry (WDSK), and the Department of Athletics (AA), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - William D S Killgore
- Sleep and Health Research Program (MAG, CH, AJ, PA-M, JG) and the SCAN Lab, Department of Psychiatry (WDSK), and the Department of Athletics (AA), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Guest AJ, Chen YL, Pearson N, King JA, Paine NJ, Clemes SA. Cardiometabolic risk factors and mental health status among truck drivers: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e038993. [PMID: 33099498 PMCID: PMC7590350 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically review and summarise the literature on cardiometabolic risk factors, lifestyle health behaviours and mental health status of truck drivers globally to ascertain the scale of these health concerns. DESIGN Systematic review reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched in January 2019 and updated in January 2020, from the date of inception to 16 January 2020. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Papers were included if they (1) reported independent data on truck drivers, (2) included quantitative data on outcomes related to cardiometabolic markers of health, mental health and/or health behaviours, (3) were written in English and (4) were published in a peer-reviewed journal. Grey literature was ineligible for this review. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS One reviewer independently extracted data and assessed methodological quality using a checklist based on the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Quality Assessment tool. 20% were independently assessed for eligibility and quality by a second reviewer. Due to heterogeneity of the outcomes, results were narratively presented. RESULTS 3601 titles and abstracts were screened. Seventy-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Truck driving is associated with enforced sedentarism, long and irregular working hours, lack of healthy foods, social isolation and chronic time pressures. Strong evidence was observed for truck drivers to generally exhibit poor cardiometabolic risk profiles including overweight and obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, high blood glucose, poor mental health and cigarette smoking. CONCLUSIONS Improving truck driver health is vital for the longevity of the trucking industry, and for the safety of all road users. The workplace plays a vital role in truck driver health; policies, regulations and procedures are required to address this health crisis. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019124499.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber J Guest
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Yu-Ling Chen
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Natalie Pearson
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - James A King
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Nicola J Paine
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Stacy A Clemes
- School of Sport Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Massongo M, Balkissou AD, Kenyo CK, Sawa BN, Kanko N, Pefura EW. The STOPBANG score is effective for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome screening and correlates with its features, in a sub-Saharan African population. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 36:93. [PMID: 32774652 PMCID: PMC7392869 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.93.17805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction the STOPBANG score is an easy-to-use screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which has not been validated in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We sought to evaluate its diagnostic performance in Cameroun. Methods this community-based study took place in a sub-urban area, from November 2015 to April 2016. Adults aged ≥19 years underwent a clinical assessment, including the STOPBANG and the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) questionnaires. A respiratory polygraph (RP) was performed on a randomly selected sample. Diagnosis performance included sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV). An association was sought between STOPBANG and OSA features. Results a total of 3033 were interviewed, of whom 102 had a RP. Their mean age was 49.1±17.9 years, the sex ratio was 1 and the mean body mass index 29.1±6.1 kg/m2. For OSA screening (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥5), the STOPBANG score at threshold 3 obtained: Se=82.9%, Sp=34.4%, PPV=45.9% and NPV=75.0%. For moderate-to-severe OSA (IAH ≥15), these values were 93.3%, 31.1%, 18.9% and 96.4% respectively. Furthermore, STOPBANG-based high risk of OSA correlated with AHI (9.1±10.7/hr vs 3.8±3.5/hr, p=0.0003) and oxygen desaturation index (6.4±7.9/hr vs 2.6±2.1/hr, p=0.0004). There was a non-significant association with ESS (6.3±5.3 vs 4.5±3.5, p=0.06). Conclusion in this Cameroonian population, the STOPBANG diagnostic performance did not differ from the original Caucasian one. It could therefore be proposed on a larger scale, since obesity and other OSA risk factors are increasing in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massongo Massongo
- Pulmonology Service, Jamot Hospital Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Higher Institute of Medical Technology of Nkolondom, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Adamou Dodo Balkissou
- Pulmonology Service, Jamot Hospital Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Higher Institute of Medical Technology of Nkolondom, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Brice Nouga Sawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey, Niamey, Niger
| | - Nadine Kanko
- Pulmonology Service, Jamot Hospital Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Eric Walter Pefura
- Pulmonology Service, Jamot Hospital Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Higher Institute of Medical Technology of Nkolondom, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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11
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Chu C, Nota JA, Silverman AL, Beard C, Björgvinsson T. Pathways among sleep onset latency, relationship functioning, and negative affect differentiate patients with suicide attempt history from patients with suicidal ideation. Psychiatry Res 2019; 273:788-797. [PMID: 31207867 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances and poor relationship functioning often co-occur with the confluence of these factors contributing to greater suicide risk. This study investigated whether the pathways between depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and relationship functioning differentiated patients with suicide attempt history from those with suicidal ideation history. Patients seeking partial hospital treatment for severe psychiatric symptoms (N = 180) completed interviews assessing psychiatric and suicidal symptom histories, and self-report measures of sleep behaviors, anxiety, depression, and relationship functioning. Multiple sleep behaviors were examined: duration, sleep onset latency, and bedtime. Bias-corrected bootstrap mediation and moderated mediation analyses with suicide attempt as the moderator were used to evaluate pathways between variables. Among patients with ideation and attempt history, (1) sleep onset latency significantly mediated the association between depression and relationship functioning and that between anxiety and relationship functioning; (2) relationship functioning significantly mediated the association between depression and sleep onset latency and that between anxiety and sleep onset latency. These pathways were not significant among patients with suicidal ideation only. No other sleep behaviors were related to study variables. The reciprocal relationship between disrupted sleep onset latency and poor relationship functioning was specifically linked to more severe psychiatric symptoms among acute patients with suicide attempt histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Chu
- McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, United States; Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.
| | - Jacob A Nota
- McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Alexandra L Silverman
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Courtney Beard
- McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, United States
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Lemke MK, Apostolopoulos Y, Hege A, Newnam S, Sönmez S. Can subjective sleep problems detect latent sleep disorders among commercial drivers? ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018; 115:62-72. [PMID: 29549772 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long-haul truck drivers experience poor sleep health and heightened accident rates, and undiagnosed sleep disorders contribute to these negative outcomes. Subjective sleep disorder screening tools may aid in detecting drivers' sleep disorders. This study sought to evaluate the value of subjective screening methods for detecting latent sleep disorders and identifying truck drivers at-risk for poor sleep health and safety-relevant performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using cross-sectional data from 260 long-haul truck drivers, we: 1) used factor analysis to identify possible latent sleep disorders; 2) explored the construct validity of extracted sleep disorder factors by determining their associations with established sleep disorder risk factors and symptoms; and 3) explored the predictive validity of resulting sleep disorder factors by determining their associations with sleep health and safety-relevant performance. RESULTS Five latent sleep disorder factors were extracted: 1) circadian rhythm sleep disorders; 2) sleep-related breathing disorders; 3) parasomnias; 4) insomnias; 5) and sleep-related movement disorders. Patterns of associations between these factors generally corresponded with known risk factors and symptoms. One or more of the extracted latent sleep disorder factors were significantly associated with all the sleep health and safety outcomes. DISCUSSION Using subjective sleep problems to detect latent sleep disorders among long-haul truck drivers may be a timely and effective way to screen this highly mobile occupational segment. This approach should constitute one component of comprehensive efforts to diagnose and treat sleep disorders among commercial transport operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Lemke
- Complexity & Computational Population Health Group, Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Stephen F. Austin State University, P.O. Box 13015, Nacogdoches, TX, 75962, USA.
| | - Yorghos Apostolopoulos
- Complexity & Computational Population Health Group, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, 4243 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4243, USA.
| | - Adam Hege
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, 111 Rivers Street, Boone, NC, 28608, USA.
| | - Sharon Newnam
- Accident Research Centre, Monash University, 21 Alliance Lane, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Sevil Sönmez
- Rosen College of Hospitality Management, University of Central Florida, 9907 Universal Blvd., Orlando, FL, 32819, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains a prevalent condition, but its occupational burden is unclear. We carried out a systematic review to characterize the consistency and magnitude of occupational associations with OSA. METHODS We studied OSA within three occupational categories: commercial drivers, organic solvent-exposed workers, other selected occupations. We performed a meta-analysis on the prevalence of OSA among drivers and the risk of OSA associated with solvent exposure. RESULTS The pooled OSA prevalence in drivers was 41% (95% confidence interval [CI] 26% to 56%) for apnea hypopnea-index (AHI) is greater than 5, and 15% (95% CI 12% to 19%) for AHI is greater than 15. Exposure to solvents was associated with increased but non-statistically significant risk of OSA: summary relative risk, 2.38 (95% CI 0.89 to 6.32). Evidence of occupational association was inconsistent for other factors. CONCLUSIONS OSA is common among commercial drivers and potentially associated with occupations involving likely solvent exposure.
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Gottlieb DJ, Ellenbogen JM, Bianchi MT, Czeisler CA. Sleep deficiency and motor vehicle crash risk in the general population: a prospective cohort study. BMC Med 2018; 16:44. [PMID: 29554902 PMCID: PMC5859531 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-018-1025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient sleep duration and obstructive sleep apnea, two common causes of sleep deficiency in adults, can result in excessive sleepiness, a well-recognized cause of motor vehicle crashes, although their contribution to crash risk in the general population remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relation of sleep apnea, sleep duration, and excessive sleepiness to crash risk in a community-dwelling population. METHODS This was a prospective observational cohort study nested within the Sleep Heart Health Study, a community-based study of the health consequences of sleep apnea. The participants were 1745 men and 1456 women aged 40-89 years. Sleep apnea was measured by home polysomnography and questionnaires were used to assess usual sleep duration and daytime sleepiness. A follow-up questionnaire 2 years after baseline ascertained driving habits and motor vehicle crash history. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relation of sleep apnea and sleep duration at baseline to the occurrence of motor vehicle crashes during the year preceding the follow-up visit, adjusting for relevant covariates. The population-attributable fraction of motor vehicle crashes was estimated from the sample proportion of motor vehicle crashes and the adjusted odds ratios for motor vehicle crash within each exposure category. RESULTS Among 3201 evaluable participants, 222 (6.9%) reported at least one motor vehicle crash during the prior year. A higher apnea-hypopnea index (p < 0.01), fewer hours of sleep (p = 0.04), and self-reported excessive sleepiness (p < 0.01) were each significantly associated with crash risk. Severe sleep apnea was associated with a 123% increased crash risk, compared to no sleep apnea. Sleeping 6 hours per night was associated with a 33% increased crash risk, compared to sleeping 7 or 8 hours per night. These associations were present even in those who did not report excessive sleepiness. The population-attributable fraction of motor vehicle crashes was 10% due to sleep apnea and 9% due to sleep duration less than 7 hours. CONCLUSIONS Sleep deficiency due to either sleep apnea or insufficient sleep duration is strongly associated with motor vehicle crashes in the general population, independent of self-reported excessive sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Gottlieb
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, BLI 225E, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Ellenbogen
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matt T Bianchi
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave, BLI 225E, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Moreira SHN, Kasahara N. Patterns of Ocular Trauma among the Elderly in a South-American Urban Area and the Association between Eye Traumas with Sleep Disorders. J Emerg Trauma Shock 2017; 10:111-115. [PMID: 28855772 PMCID: PMC5566015 DOI: 10.4103/jets.jets_90_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Eye trauma in the older population can lead to blindness. Sleep deterioration is associated with increased risk of occupational injuries. The purpose of the study was to assess the epidemiology of ocular trauma in the elderly population and to evaluate the relationship between eye trauma and sleep quality. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional, observational hospital based study done in a Sao Paulo, Brazil. Subjects and Methods: Patients with ocular trauma aged 60 years who attended the Eye Trauma Service of the Santa Casa de Sao Paulo Central Hospital were included. All subjects underwent a complete eye examination and answered to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. The results were compared with an age and gender matched control group. Results: Eighty-nine patients with ocular trauma were included in the epidemiological study, 71 (80%) were male and 18 (20%) were female. The patients’ ages ranged from 60 to 90 years (65.7 ± 7.1 years). Most accidents occurred at home and were of mild severity. The control group had a global PSQI score of 1.21 ± 1.37, whereas in the ocular trauma group the score was 3.11 ± 3.63 (P < 0.038). A post hoc analysis including only patients with severe trauma, the PSQI score was 8.80 ± 2.44 (P < 0.000). Conclusion: The elderly population represents an important group of ocular trauma in their own peculiar characteristics. Elderly victims of ocular trauma, particularly serious eye injury, have worse sleep quality than subjects of the same age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Henrique N Moreira
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sao Paulo Holy House of Mercy and Sao Paulo Holy House School of Medical Sciences, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niro Kasahara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sao Paulo Holy House of Mercy and Sao Paulo Holy House School of Medical Sciences, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Boeijinga A, Hoeken H, Sanders J. Health promotion in the trucking setting: Understanding Dutch truck drivers' road to healthy lifestyle changes. Work 2017; 55:385-397. [PMID: 27689592 DOI: 10.3233/wor-162409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The working environment, the nature of the work, and the characteristics of truck drivers as a social group typically pose great challenges for the truck drivers' health and health promotion activities aiming to improve it. OBJECTIVE The purpose was to obtain a better understanding of (a) Dutch truck drivers' perceptions of health and lifestyle themes, and (b) the challenges they experience in their pursuit of a more healthy lifestyle, as a guiding framework for the development of health interventions targeting this occupational group. METHODS In this qualitative study, we conducted and analyzed 20 semi-structured interviews and seven cases of participant observations with Dutch truck drivers. Grounded theory was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Our findings illustrate that Dutch truck drivers wish to improve their lifestyle but have unproductive associations with concepts of healthy living as well as a tendency to downplay their health risks. In addition, they experience barriers within their work and personal environment that prevent them from translating their intentions into actual lifestyle changes. CONCLUSIONS Based on the insights derived from the interviews, we discuss recommendations for the development of more effective health promotion interventions for truck drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniek Boeijinga
- Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Hoeken
- Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - José Sanders
- Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Heaton K, Combs B, Griffin R. Truck Drivers' Use of the Internet: A Mobile Health Lifeline. Workplace Health Saf 2016; 65:240-247. [PMID: 27807256 DOI: 10.1177/2165079916665401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Because of their social isolation, irregular and unpredictable schedules, limited access to health care, and long periods of travel, long-haul truckers may benefit from the use of mobile health applications on Internet-capable devices. The purpose of this study was to determine Internet access and usage among a sample of long-haul truck drivers. In this cross-sectional study, truck drivers completed a pencil and paper survey with questions on demographics, work and health histories, and Internet access and usage for both personal and job reasons. A total of 106 truck drivers were recruited from trucking industry trade shows, by word of mouth, and directly from trucking companies. Overall, the truck drivers' use of the Internet was limited. Their usage for personal and job-related reasons differed. Social connectivity and access to health and wellness information were important during personal usage time. Job-related Internet use was highly practical, and applied to seeking information for directions and maps, fuel stops and pricing, and communicating with employers or transmitting documents. Age and experience were associated with Internet use. Younger, less-experienced drivers used the Internet more than older, experienced drivers. Targeted mobile health messaging may be a useful tool to inform truck drivers of health conditions and plans, and may provide links to primary care providers needing to monitor or notify drivers of diagnostic results or treatment plans.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Iran has a high rate of road traffic accidents. Poor quality of sleep brings about loss of attention, which is an important cause of road traffic accidents particularly in monotonous roads. The causes of poor quality of sleep in occupational drivers are multifactorial. The objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence of poor sleep quality among occupational drivers with rotating work schedules and analyze its different risk factors. METHODS 2200 professional long-haul truck drivers who had been referred to the Occupational Health Clinic for routine education course were invited. We obtained data from eight provinces from various parts of Iran during 2012-2013. Data were collected using a questionnaire including questions about demographic and job characteristics. Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess drivers' sleep quality. RESULTS Mean working (driving) time was (9.3±2.5) hours daily and (55.5 ± 18.29) hours weekly. About 23.5% of the drivers reported history of smoking, 14.5% had low job satisfaction and 60% had irregular work schedule. 16.4% of drivers had an accidents leading to injury during the past five years. The mean PSQI score was 4.2 ± 2.7; 54% had a PSQI>5 (poor quality of sleep). Multivariate logistic regression showed that smoking, job satisfaction, history of accidents, shift work and work hours per day were the most important risk factors for poor sleep quality. CONCLUSION Results obtained from the current study showed a high prevalence of poor quality of sleep among professional drivers. It warrants more attention to this significant problem using some measures to improve working conditions in professional drivers, as well as health promotion interventions.
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A systematic review of pharmacists performing obstructive sleep apnea screening services. Int J Clin Pharm 2016; 38:752-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11096-016-0319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Screening commercial drivers for obstructive sleep apnea: translation and validation of Serbian version of Berlin Questionnaire. Qual Life Res 2015; 25:343-349. [PMID: 26231590 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-015-1087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can lead to severe health consequences. Drivers of motor vehicles with untreated or undiagnosed OSA have a greater risk of traffic accidents. Use of self-reported questionnaires is the first step in OSA diagnosis. The main aim of this study was to perform the translation and validation of Berlin Questionnaire in a sample of commercial drivers. METHODS After formal translation, validation was performed on a sample of commercial drivers and included evaluation of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct and criterion validity. Full-night attended polysomnography or cardiorespiratory polygraphy was used for OSA diagnosis. RESULTS One hundred male participants, 24-62 years old, were included. Berlin Questionnaire classified 35 % subjects as potential OSA patients. Polysomnography confirmed OSA in 58 % of the subjects. Berlin Questionnaire showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.82-first category, 0.73-0.95-second category). Test-retest reliability (Cohen's kappa 0.78) was adequate. Berlin score was significantly correlated with OSA category and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Sensitivity of Berlin Questionnaire was from 50.9 (AHI ≥ 5) to 75 % (AHI ≥ 30), while specificity ranged from 86 to 70.5 %. CONCLUSIONS Berlin Questionnaire (Serbian version) showed good measurement properties, creating basis for further research of its usefulness as OSA screening tool in populations of interest.
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Meuleners L, Fraser ML, Govorko MH, Stevenson MR. Obstructive sleep apnea, health-related factors, and long distance heavy vehicle crashes in Western Australia: a case control study. J Clin Sleep Med 2015; 11:413-8. [PMID: 25580608 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.4594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To determine the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), health-related factors and the likelihood of heavy vehicle crashes in Western Australia (WA). METHODS This case-control study included 100 long-haul heavy vehicle drivers who were involved in a police-reported crash in WA during the study period (cases) and 100 long-haul heavy vehicle drivers recruited from WA truck stops, who were not involved in a crash during the past year (controls). Driver demographics, health, and fatigue-related characteristics were obtained using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Drivers were tested for OSA using a diagnostic Flow Wizard. Logistic regression was used to determine health-related factors associated with crash involvement among long distance heavy vehicle drivers. RESULTS Heavy vehicle drivers diagnosed with OSA through the use of the FlowWizard were over three times more likely to be involved in a crash than drivers without OSA (adjusted OR: 3.42, 95% CI: 1.34-8.72). The risk of crash was significantly increased if heavy vehicle drivers reported a diagnosis of depression (adjusted OR: 6.59, 95% CI: 1.30-33.24) or had not completed fatigue management training (adjusted OR: 6.05, 95% CI: 1.80-20.24). Crash risk was 74% lower among older drivers (> 35 years) than younger drivers (adjusted OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.08-0.82). CONCLUSION The results suggest that more rigorous screening and subsequent treatment of OSA and depression by clinicians as well as compulsory fatigue management training may reduce crashes among heavy vehicle drivers. COMMENTARY A commentary on this article appears in this issue on page 409.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Meuleners
- Curtin-Monash Accident Research Centre (C-MARC), Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Michelle L Fraser
- Curtin-Monash Accident Research Centre (C-MARC), Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Matthew H Govorko
- Curtin-Monash Accident Research Centre (C-MARC), Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Mark R Stevenson
- Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC), Monash Injury Research Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Eliasson AH, Kashani MD, Howard RS, Vernalis MN, Modlin RE. Fatigued on Venus, sleepy on Mars-gender and racial differences in symptoms of sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2015; 19:99-107. [PMID: 24633816 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-014-0968-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical guidelines for the care of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) recommend evaluation of daytime sleepiness but do not specify evaluation of fatigue. We studied how subjects with and without OSA experience fatigue and sleepiness, examining the role of gender and race. DESIGN, SETTING, PATIENTS Consecutive subjects entering our heart health registry completed validated questionnaires including Berlin Questionnaire for OSA, Fatigue Scale, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Data analysis was performed only with Whites and Blacks as there were too few subjects of other races for comparison. RESULTS Of 384 consecutive subjects, including 218 women (57 %), there were 230 Whites (60 %) and 154 Blacks (40 %), with average age of 55.9 ± 12.8 years. Berlin Questionnaires identified 221 subjects (58 %) as having high likelihood for OSA. Fatigue was much more common in women (75 %) than in men (46 %) with OSA (p < 0.001), while frequency of fatigue was similar in women (30 %) and men (29 %) without OSA (p = 0.86). In multivariate analysis, men with OSA were sleepier than women; Black men with OSA had higher Epworth scores (mean ± SD, 12.8 ± 5.2) compared to White men (10.6 ± 5.3), White women (10.0 ± 4.5), and Black women (10.5 ± 5.2), p = 0.05. These gender differences were not related to the effects of age, body mass index, perceived stress, sleep duration, or thyroid function. CONCLUSIONS Women report fatigue more commonly with OSA than men. Men experience sleepiness more commonly with OSA than women. The findings suggest that evaluation of sleep disorders must include an assessment of fatigue in addition to sleepiness to capture the experience of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arn H Eliasson
- Integrative Cardiac Health Project, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20889, USA,
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José Diez J, Eduardo Vigo D, Pedro Cardinali D, Pérez-Chada D. Sleep habits, daytime sleepiness and working conditions in short-distance bus drivers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-02-2013-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– Driving needs high levels of alertness. Increased somnolence is the most important negative influence to maintain proper watchfulness and vigilance. Drowsiness, working conditions and their affective impact must be taken into account to determine driving safety. The purpose of this paper is to assess excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep habits, quality of sleep, stress-related symptoms, and working conditions in a large sample of short-distance bus drivers in the city of Buenos Aires.
Design/methodology/approach
– This was a cross-sectional study performed to evaluate sleep habits and obstructive apnea risk in short-distance bus drivers of the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Questionnaires regarding anthropometric data, sleep habits, snoring, daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), quality of sleep (Pittsburgh Quality of Sleep Index, PQSI), working conditions and fatigue and anxiety related to work were administered to professional short-distance bus drivers (n=1023).
Findings
– A prevalence of 34.6 percent of obesity and 80 percent of snoring was observed. Mean sleep time during workdays was 6.5±0.1 h and bad sleep quality was reported by 54.6 percent of the subjects. Excessive daytime sleepiness had a prevalence of 48.8 percent and was independently associated with reduced sleep time, increased sleep debt, long time to wake up, snoring, and short resting time along the working day (p<0.05).
Originality/value
– Short-distance drivers in Buenos Aires, the largest urban area of Argentina, are a partially sleep-deprived, overweighted population, showing a high daytime somnolence, poor work-rest conditions and high levels of anxiety and fatigue. This association can be very harmful in view of the demanding working conditions considered.
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Fuller JM, Wong KK, Grunstein R, Krass I, Patel J, Saini B. A comparison of screening methods for sleep disorders in Australian community pharmacies: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101003. [PMID: 24978952 PMCID: PMC4076224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community pharmacies may potentially assist in screening for chronic conditions such as sleep disorders, which remain both under-diagnosed and untreated. We aimed to compare a subjective risk-assessment-only questionnaire (RAO) for common sleep disorder screening against the same risk-assessment questionnaire plus a nasal flow monitor as an objective marker of possible underlying obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (RA+) in a community pharmacy setting. The primary outcome was the number of participants identified in RAO or RA+ group who were likely to have and consequently be diagnosed with OSA. Further outcomes included the number of participants identified as being at risk for, referred for, taking-up referral for, and then diagnosed with OSA, insomnia, and/or restless legs syndrome (RLS) in either group. METHODS In a cluster-randomized trial, participants were recruited through 23 community pharmacies. Using validated instruments, 325 (RAO = 152, RA+ = 173) participants were screened for OSA, insomnia, and RLS. FINDINGS 218 (67%) participants were at risk of OSA, insomnia or RLS and these participants were referred to their primary physician. The proportion of screened participants identified as being at risk of OSA was significantly higher in the RA+ group (36% in RAO vs. 66% in RA+, OR 3.4, 95% CI (1.8-6.5), p<0.001). A 12-month follow-up was completed in 125 RAO and 155 RA+ participants. Actual referral uptake was 34% RAO, 26% RA+, OR 4.4, 95% CI (1.4-19.2), p = 0.31. The OSA diagnosis rate was higher in the RA+ arm (p = 0.01). To yield a single additional confirmed OSA diagnosis, 16 people would need to be screened using the RA+ protocol. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that utilising either screening method is feasible in identifying individuals in the community pharmacy setting who are likely to have OSA, insomnia and/or RLS. Secondly, adding an objective marker of OSA to a questionnaire-based prediction tool resulted in more confirmed OSA diagnoses. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTR.org.au ACTRN12608000628347.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M. Fuller
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep (CIRUS), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Keith K. Wong
- The Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep (CIRUS), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald Grunstein
- The Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep (CIRUS), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ines Krass
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jayshree Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bandana Saini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep (CIRUS), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Dawson D, Searle AK, Paterson JL. Look before you (s)leep: Evaluating the use of fatigue detection technologies within a fatigue risk management system for the road transport industry. Sleep Med Rev 2014; 18:141-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abu Dabrh AM, Firwana B, Cowl CT, Steinkraus LW, Prokop LJ, Murad MH. Health assessment of commercial drivers: a meta-narrative systematic review. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e003434. [PMID: 24604478 PMCID: PMC3948638 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor vehicle accidents associated with commercial driving are an important cause of occupational death and impact public safety. OBJECTIVES We summarise the evidence regarding the type, prevalence and impact of medical conditions discovered during health assessment of commercial drivers. EVIDENCE REVIEW We conducted a systematic review of multiple electronic databases and made a manual search for relevant studies that enrolled commercial drivers in any country and reported the outcomes of health assessment carried out in the context of commercial driving through November 2012. Data were extracted by a pair of independent reviewers and synthesised using a metanarrative approach. RESULTS We identified 32 studies of moderate methodological quality enrolling 151 644 commercial drivers (98% men). The prevalence of multiple health conditions was high (sleep disorders 19%, diabetes 33%, hypertension 23% and obesity 45%). Some conditions, such as sleep disorders and obesity, were linked to increased risk of crashes. Evidence on several other highly relevant medical conditions was lacking. Cost-effectiveness data were sparse. CONCLUSIONS Several medical conditions are highly prevalent in commercial drivers and can be associated with increased risk of crashes, thus providing a rationale for health assessment of commercial drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd Moain Abu Dabrh
- Division of Preventive, Occupational and Aerospace Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Belal Firwana
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Clayton T Cowl
- Division of Preventive, Occupational and Aerospace Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lawrence W Steinkraus
- Division of Preventive, Occupational and Aerospace Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Larry J Prokop
- Mayo Clinic Libraries, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mohammad Hassan Murad
- Division of Preventive, Occupational and Aerospace Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Ward KL, Hillman DR, James A, Bremner AP, Simpson L, Cooper MN, Palmer LJ, Fedson AC, Mukherjee S. Excessive daytime sleepiness increases the risk of motor vehicle crash in obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med 2013; 9:1013-21. [PMID: 24127145 PMCID: PMC3778172 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES (1) To describe the incidence rate of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); and (2) to investigate MVC risk factors in OSA patients. METHODS A retrospective case-series observational study was conducted using data from the West Australian Sleep Health Study at a tertiary hospital-based sleep clinic. Participants were patients (N = 2,673) referred for assessment of suspected sleep disordered breathing. Questionnaire data were collected including age, sex, years of driving, near-misses and MVCs, sleepiness, and consumption of alcohol and caffeinated drinks. Overnight laboratory-based polysomnography was performed using standard methodology.(1) Poisson univariate and negative binomial multivariable regression models were used to investigate associations between risk factors and MVC and near-miss risk in patients with untreated OSA. RESULTS In patients with untreated OSA, the crash rate was 0.06 MVC/person-year compared with the general community crash rate of 0.02 MVC/person-year. The rate ratio comparing very sleepy men with normal men was 4.68 (95% CI 3.07, 7.14) for near-misses and 1.27 (95% CI 1.00, 1.61) for crashes, after adjusting for confounders. In women there was a significant association with sleepiness score (p = 0.02) but no dose effect across quartiles. CONCLUSIONS Untreated OSA is associated with an increased risk of near-misses in men and women and an increased risk of MVCs in very sleepy men. There is a strong association between excessive daytime sleepiness and increased report of near-misses. Our data support the observation that it is those patients with increased sleepiness regardless of OSA severity who are most at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim L. Ward
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Western Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Perth, Australia
| | - David R. Hillman
- Western Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Perth, Australia
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gardiner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Alan James
- Western Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Perth, Australia
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gardiner Hospital, Perth, Australia
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Alexandra P. Bremner
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Laila Simpson
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Anatomy and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Matthew N. Cooper
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Subiaco, Australia
| | | | - Annette C. Fedson
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania, PA
| | - Sutapa Mukherjee
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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28
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West S, Prudon B. Sleep medicine - prevalent and relevant. Clin Med (Lond) 2013; 13:492-4. [PMID: 24115708 PMCID: PMC4953802 DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.13-5-492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing awareness of different sleep disorders among the public and healthcare professionals, and the impact they can have on an individual. This conference was organised jointly with the British Thoracic Society to discuss some of these pertinent conditions, issues around driving and around service planning to accommodate an increasing specialty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben Prudon
- Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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29
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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a frequent and often underdiagnosed condition that is associated with upper airway collapse, oxygen desaturation, and sleep fragmentation leading to cognitive dysfunction. There is meta-analytic evidence that subdomains of attention and memory are affected by OSA. However, a thorough investigation of the impact of OSA on different subdomains of executive function is yet to be conducted. This report investigates the impact of OSA and its treatment, in adult patients, on 5 theorized subdomains of executive function. DESIGN An extensive literature search was conducted of published and unpublished materials, returning 35 studies that matched selection criteria. Meta-analysis was used to synthesize the results from studies examining the impact of OSA on executive functioning compared to controls (21 studies), and before and after treatment (19 studies); 5 studies met inclusion in both categories. MEASUREMENTS Research papers were selected which assessed 5 subdomains of executive function: Shifting, Updating, Inhibition, Generativity, and Fluid Reasoning. RESULTS All 5 domains of executive function demonstrated medium to very large impairments in OSA independent of age and disease severity. Furthermore, all subdomains of executive function demonstrated small to medium improvements with CPAP treatment. DISCUSSION Executive function is impaired across all five domains in OSA; these difficulties improved with CPAP treatment. Age and disease severity did not moderate the effects found; however, further studies are needed to explore the extent of primary and secondary effects, and the impact of age and premorbid intellectual ability (cognitive reserve).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Olaithe
- School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Romola S. Bucks
- School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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30
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Anderson C, Grunstein RR, Rajaratnam SMW. Hours of work and rest in the rail industry. Intern Med J 2013; 43:717-21. [DOI: 10.1111/imj.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Anderson
- School of Psychology and Psychiatry; Monash University; Melbourne; Victoria
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Brown T, Johnson R, Milavetz G. Identifying periods of drowsy driving using EEG. ANNALS OF ADVANCES IN AUTOMOTIVE MEDICINE. ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF AUTOMOTIVE MEDICINE. ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE 2013; 57:99-108. [PMID: 24406950 PMCID: PMC3861841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Drowsy driving is a significant contributor to death and injury crashes on our nation's highways. Predictive neurophysiologic/physiologic solutions to reduce these incidences have been proposed and developed. EEG based metrics were found to be promising in initial studies, but remain controversial in their efficacy, primarily due to failures to develop replication studies within the simulation settings used for development, and real-world validation. This analysis sought to address these short comings by assessing the utility of the B-Alert algorithms, in a replication study of driving and drowsiness. Data were collected on the National Advanced Driving Simulator from 72 volunteer drivers exposed to three types of roadways at three times of day representing different levels of drowsiness. EEG metrics, collected using the B-Alert X10 Wireless Headset were evaluated to determine their utility in future predictive studies. The replication of the B-Alert algorithms was a secondary focus for this analysis, resulting in highly variable start times within each time of day segment, leading to EEG data being confounded by the diurnal variations that occur in the basal EEG signal. Regardless of this limitation, the analysis revealed promising outcomes. The EEG based algorithms for sleep onset, drowsiness, as well as fatigue related power spectral bandwidths (i.e. lateral central, and parietal alpha) varied with time of day of the drives. Interestingly, EEG metrics of cognitive workload were also sensative to the terrain of the drives. The replicaiton of the B-Alert algorithms were a secondary focuse in the study design, Taken together, these data indicate great potential of carefully designed studies to utilize neurophysiologic metrics to identify time of day and task and road conditions that may be at greatest risk during fatigued/drowsy periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Brown
- National Advanced Driving Simulator, Center for Computer Aided Design, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Gary Milavetz
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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32
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Teng AY, Won C. Implications of OSA on Work and Work Disability Including Drivers. Clin Chest Med 2012; 33:731-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Phillips BA. Keep on truckin'. Sleep 2012; 35:447-8. [PMID: 22467978 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Phillips
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, Good Samaritan Hospital, Lexington, KY 40508, USA.
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