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Bennett RJ, Bucks RS, Saulsman L, Pachana NA, Eikelboom RH, Meyer CJ. Evaluation of the Ask-Inform-Manage-Encourage-Refer Intervention and Its Implementation Targeting the Provision of Mental Wellbeing Support Within the Audiology Setting. Ear Hear 2024; 45:600-616. [PMID: 38148508 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The ask, inform, manage, encourage, refer (AIMER) program is a behavior change intervention designed to increase the frequency with which hearing healthcare clinicians (HHCs) ask about and provide information regarding mental wellbeing within adult audiology services. The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the first iteration of the AIMER program to determine whether the intervention achieved the changes in HHC behaviors anticipated and to evaluate feasibility of implementing the AIMER program based on the implementation protocol. DESIGN The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework was used to guide this evaluation. Data were collected from October 2020 to February 2022 and included both quantitative and qualitative measures (i.e., observation reports, staff surveys, clinical diaries, clinical file audits, and interviews). RESULTS Comparison between pre- and post-implementation data showed that the AIMER intervention successfully increased: (i) HHC's skills and confidence for discussing mental wellbeing; (ii) how often HHCs ask about mental wellbeing within audiology consultations; (iii) how often HHCs provide personalized information and support regarding mental wellbeing within audiology consultations; and (iv) how often HHCs use mental wellbeing terms within clinical case notes and general practitioner reports. The factors affecting feasibility of implementing the AIMER program within the clinical setting could be classified into three major categories: (i) the AIMER program itself and its way of delivery to clinical staff; (ii) people working with the AIMER program; and (iii) contextual factors. Key recommendations to improve future implementation of the AIMER program were provided by the participants. CONCLUSIONS The AIMER program was shown to be effective at increasing the frequency with which HHCs ask about and provide information regarding mental wellbeing within routine audiological service delivery. Implementation of the AIMER program was feasible but leaves room for improvement. Use of the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance framework facilitated systematic evaluation of multiple indicators providing a broad evaluation of the AIMER program. Our analysis helps to better understand the optimal levels of training and facilitation and provides recommendations to improve future scale-up of the AIMER program. The findings of this study will be used to further adapt and improve the AIMER program and to enhance program implementation strategies before its further dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Bennett
- National Acoustic Laboratories, Sydney, Australia
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia
- Centre for Ear Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- The Raine Study, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Lisa Saulsman
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Nancy A Pachana
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert H Eikelboom
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia
- Centre for Ear Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Carly J Meyer
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Pivac LN, Brown BM, Sewell KR, Doecke JD, Villemagne VL, Doré V, Weinborn M, Sohrabi HR, Gardener SL, Bucks RS, Laws SM, Taddei K, Maruff P, Masters CL, Rowe C, Martins RN, Rainey‐Smith SR. Suboptimal self-reported sleep efficiency and duration are associated with faster accumulation of brain amyloid beta in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2024; 16:e12579. [PMID: 38651160 PMCID: PMC11033837 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated whether self-reported sleep quality is associated with brain amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation. METHODS Linear mixed effect model analyses were conducted for 189 cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults (mean ± standard deviation 74.0 ± 6.2; 53.2% female), with baseline self-reported sleep data, and positron emission tomography-determined brain Aβ measured over a minimum of three time points (range 33.3-72.7 months). Analyses included random slopes and intercepts, interaction for apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele status, and time, adjusting for sex and baseline age. RESULTS Sleep duration <6 hours, in APOE ε4 carriers, and sleep efficiency <65%, in the whole sample and APOE ε4 non-carriers, is associated with faster accumulation of brain Aβ. DISCUSSION These findings suggest a role for self-reported suboptimal sleep efficiency and duration in the accumulation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology in CU individuals. Additionally, poor sleep efficiency represents a potential route via which individuals at lower genetic risk may progress to preclinical AD. Highlights In cognitively unimpaired older adults self-report sleep is associated with brain amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation.Across sleep characteristics, this relationship differs by apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype.Sleep duration <6 hours is associated with faster brain Aβ accumulation in APOE ε4 carriers.Sleep efficiency < 65% is associated with faster brain Aβ accumulation in APOE ε4 non-carriers.Personalized sleep interventions should be studied for potential to slow Aβ accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise N. Pivac
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Alzheimer's Research Australia, Sarich Neuroscience Research InstituteNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Belinda M. Brown
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Kelsey R. Sewell
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - James D. Doecke
- Australian E‐Health Research Centre, CSIROHerstonQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Vincent Doré
- Australian E‐Health Research Centre, CSIROHerstonQueenslandAustralia
- Department of Molecular ImagingAustin HealthHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia
| | - Michael Weinborn
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Hamid R. Sohrabi
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Samantha L. Gardener
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Romola S. Bucks
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Simon M. Laws
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for Precision HealthEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation GroupEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Curtin Medical SchoolCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Kevin Taddei
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Paul Maruff
- Cogstate Ltd., MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Colin L. Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Christopher Rowe
- Department of Molecular ImagingAustin HealthHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Department of Biomedical SciencesMacquarie UniversityMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Stephanie R. Rainey‐Smith
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Alzheimer's Research Australia, Sarich Neuroscience Research InstituteNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia
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Meaklim H, Rehm IC, Junge MF, Monfries M, Kennedy GA, Bucks RS, Meltzer LJ, Jackson ML. Development of a Novel Behavioral Sleep Medicine Education Workshop Designed to Increase Trainee Psychologists' Knowledge and Skills in Insomnia Management. Behav Sleep Med 2023; 21:787-801. [PMID: 36606306 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2022.2164766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the clear influence of poor sleep on mental health, sleep education has been neglected in psychology training programs. Here, we develop a novel behavioral sleep medicine (BSM) education workshop, the Sleep Psychology Workshop, designed for integration within graduate psychology programs. We also examined the potential efficacy and acceptability of the workshop to upskill trainee psychologists in sleep and insomnia management. METHODS The Sleep Psychology Workshop was developed using a modified Delphi Method. Eleven trainee psychologists completing their Master of Psychology degrees (90% female, 24.4 ± 1.6 years old) attended the workshop, delivered as three, two-hour lectures (total of six hours). Sleep knowledge, attitudes, and practice assessments were completed pre-and post-intervention using the GradPsyKAPS Questionnaire. A focus group and 6-month follow-up survey captured feedback and qualitative data. RESULTS Trainees' sleep knowledge quiz scores (% correct) increased from 60% to 79% pre- to post-workshop (p = .002). Trainees' self-efficacy to use common sleep-related assessment instruments and empirically supported interventions to manage sleep disturbances increased, along with their confidence to manage insomnia (all p < .02). Participant feedback was positive, with 91% of trainees rating the workshop as "excellent" and qualitative data highlighting trainees developing practical skills in BSM. Six months post-intervention, 100% of trainees endorsed routinely asking their clients about sleep, with 82% reporting improvements in their own sleep. CONCLUSIONS The Sleep Psychology Workshop is a potentially effective and acceptable introductory BSM education program for trainee psychologists, ready for integration within the graduate psychology curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey Meaklim
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Imogen C Rehm
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Melissa Monfries
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Gerard A Kennedy
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- Schools of Psychological Science and Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa J Meltzer
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, USA
| | - Melinda L Jackson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
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Kerr JA, Gillespie AN, O'Connor M, Deane C, Borschmann R, Dashti SG, Spry EA, Heerde JA, Möller H, Ivers R, Boden JM, Scott JG, Bucks RS, Glauert R, Kinner SA, Olsson CA, Patton GC. Intervention targets for reducing mortality between mid-adolescence and mid-adulthood: a protocol for a machine-learning facilitated systematic umbrella review. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068733. [PMID: 37890970 PMCID: PMC10619087 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A rise in premature mortality-defined here as death during the most productive years of life, between adolescence and middle adulthood (15-60 years)-is contributing to stalling life expectancy in high-income countries. Causes of mortality vary, but often include substance misuse, suicide, unintentional injury and non-communicable disease. The development of evidence-informed policy frameworks to guide new approaches to prevention require knowledge of early targets for intervention, and interactions between higher level drivers. Here, we aim to: (1) identify systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses focused on intervention targets for premature mortality (in which intervention targets are causes of mortality that can, at least hypothetically, be modified to reduce risk); (2) evaluate the review quality and risk of bias; (3) compare and evaluate each review's, and their relevant primary studies, findings to identify existing evidence gaps. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In May 2023, we searched electronic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library) for peer-reviewed papers published in the English language in the 12 years from 2012 to 2023 that examined intervention targets for mortality. Screening will narrow these papers to focus on systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses, and their primary papers. Our outcome is death between ages 15 and 60 years; with potential intervention targets measured prior to death. A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2) will be used to assess quality and risk of bias within included systematic reviews. Results will be synthesised narratively due to anticipated heterogeneity between reviews and between primary studies contained within included reviews. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This review will synthesise findings from published systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and their primary reviewed studies, meaning ethics committee approval is not required. Our findings will inform cross-cohort consortium development, be published in a peer-reviewed journal, and be presented at national and international conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022355861.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Kerr
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alanna N Gillespie
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meredith O'Connor
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Camille Deane
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rohan Borschmann
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Health Equity, Justice Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Ghazaleh Dashti
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Spry
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica A Heerde
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Social Work, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Holger Möller
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ivers
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph M Boden
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - James G Scott
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The Raine Study, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rebecca Glauert
- The Raine Study, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stuart A Kinner
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Health Equity, Justice Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - George C Patton
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Meaklim H, Meltzer LJ, Rehm IC, Junge MF, Monfries M, Kennedy GA, Bucks RS, Graco M, Jackson ML. Disseminating sleep education to graduate psychology programs online: a knowledge translation study to improve the management of insomnia. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad169. [PMID: 37327117 PMCID: PMC10566250 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Despite the negative impact of poor sleep on mental health, evidence-based insomnia management guidelines have not been translated into routine mental healthcare. Here, we evaluate a state-wide knowledge translation effort to disseminate sleep and insomnia education to graduate psychology programs online using the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) evaluation framework. METHODS Using a non-randomized waitlist control design, graduate psychology students attended a validated 6-hour online sleep education workshop delivered live as part of their graduate psychology program in Victoria, Australia. Sleep knowledge, attitudes, and practice assessments were conducted pre- and post-program, with long-term feedback collected at 12 months. RESULTS Seven out of ten graduate psychology programs adopted the workshop (adoption rate = 70%). The workshop reached 313 graduate students, with a research participation rate of 81%. The workshop was effective at improving students' sleep knowledge and self-efficacy to manage sleep disturbances using cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), compared to the waitlist control with medium-to-large effect sizes (all p < .001). Implementation feedback was positive, with 96% of students rating the workshop as very good-to-excellent. Twelve-month maintenance data demonstrated that 83% of students had used the sleep knowledge/skills learned in the workshop in their clinical practice. However, more practical training is required to achieve CBT-I competency. CONCLUSIONS Online sleep education workshops can be scaled to deliver cost-effective foundational sleep training to graduate psychology students. This workshop will accelerate the translation of insomnia management guidelines into psychology practice to improve sleep and mental health outcomes nationwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey Meaklim
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa J Meltzer
- National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Nyxeos Consulting, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Imogen C Rehm
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Moira F Junge
- Sleep Health Foundation, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa Monfries
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Gerard A Kennedy
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, VIC, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- Schools of Psychological Science and Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Marnie Graco
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, VIC, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Melinda L Jackson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, VIC, Australia
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Malkani MK, Sheridan AMC, Crichton AJ, Bucks RS, Pestell CF. In-person versus online delivery of a behavioral sleep intervention (Sleeping Sound ©) for children with ADHD: protocol for a parallel-group, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:502. [PMID: 37803298 PMCID: PMC10557213 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often experience sleep difficulties such as difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep. Problem sleep may impact children's daily functioning and behaviors and exacerbate ADHD symptoms. Most effective behavioral interventions to improve sleep are conducted in person, limiting accessibility to treatment for individuals in remote or rural communities or those who are unable to attend a clinic. This trial aims to assess the efficacy of delivering an established behavioral intervention online, Sleeping Sound with ADHD©, compared to a face-to-face delivery mode. METHODS This parallel group, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial (RCT) will include at least 68 children, aged 5-12 years old with ADHD. Families of children will be recruited from private developmental and psychological clinics and social media, within the state of Western Australia (WA). Once written informed consent and baseline questionnaires are completed, families are randomized to receive the behavioral intervention either in-person or online via Telehealth services. The intervention targets the assessment and management of reported sleep problems, through two individual consultations and a follow-up phone call with a trained clinician. The sleep outcomes assessed consist of a parent-reported sleep questionnaire and actigraphy. DISCUSSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first RCT to investigate sleep treatment modality for children with ADHD. If effective, clinicians can provide an evidence-based sleep intervention in an accessible manner. TRIAL REGISTRATION ANZCTR, ACTRN12621001681842 . Registered 9 December 2021-Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya K Malkani
- School of Psychological Science, University Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Andrew M C Sheridan
- School of Psychological Science, University Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Carmela F Pestell
- School of Psychological Science, University Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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McKenzie C, Bucks RS, Weinborn M, Bourgeat P, Salvado O, Gavett BE. Tau and amyloid biomarkers modify the degree to which cognitive reserve and brain reserve predict cognitive decline. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2023; 29:572-581. [PMID: 36039968 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617722000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain reserve, cognitive reserve, and education are thought to protect against late-life cognitive decline, but these variables have not been directly compared to one another in the same model, using future cognitive and functional decline as outcomes. We sought to determine whether the influence of these protective factors on executive function (EF) and daily function decline was dependent upon Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology severity, as measured by the total tau to beta-amyloid (T-τ/Aβ1-42) ratio in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHOD Participants were 1201 older adult volunteers in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study. Brain reserve was defined using a composite index of structural brain volumes (total brain matter, hippocampus, and white matter hyperintensity). Cognitive reserve was defined as the variance in episodic memory performance not explained by brain integrity and demographics. RESULTS At higher levels of T-τ/Aβ1-42, brain and cognitive reserve predicted slower decline in EF. Only brain reserve attenuated decline at lower levels of T-τ/Aβ1-42. Education had no independent association with cognitive decline. CONCLUSIONS These results point to a hierarchy of protection against aging- and disease-associated cognitive decline. When pathology is low, only structural brain integrity predicts rate of future EF decline. The ability of cognitive reserve to predict future EF decline becomes stronger as CSF biomarker evidence of AD increases. Although education is typically thought of as a proxy for cognitive reserve, it did not show any protective effects on cognition after accounting for brain integrity and the residual cognitive reserve index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn McKenzie
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Michael Weinborn
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Pierrick Bourgeat
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | | | - Brandon E Gavett
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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Olaithe M, Hagen EW, Barnet JH, Eastwood PR, Bucks RS. OSA-Onset: An algorithm for predicting the age of OSA onset. Sleep Med 2023; 108:100-104. [PMID: 37348284 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES There is currently no way to estimate the period of time a person has had obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Such information would allow identification of people who have had an extended exposure period and are therefore at greater risk of other medical disorders; and enable consideration of disease chronicity in the study of OSA pathogenesis/treatment. METHOD The 'age of OSA Onset' algorithm was developed in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort (WSC), in participants who had ≥2 sleep studies and not using continuous positive airway pressure (n = 696). The algorithm was tested in a participant subset from the WSC (n = 154) and the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS; n = 705), those with an initial sleep study showing no significant OSA (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) < 15 events/hr) and later sleep study showing moderate to severe OSA (AHI≥15 events/hr). RESULTS Regression analyses were performed to identify variables that predicted change in AHI over time (BMI, sex, and AHI; beta weights and intercept used in the algorithm). In the WSC and SHHS subsamples, the observed years with OSA was 3.6 ± 2.6 and 2.7 ± 0.6 years, the algorithm estimated years with OSA was 10.6 ± 8.2 and 9.0 ± 6.2 years. CONCLUSIONS The OSA-Onset algorithm estimated years of exposure to OSA with an accuracy of between 6.6 and 7.8 years (mean absolute error). Future studies are needed to determine whether the years of exposure derived from the OSA-Onset algorithm is related to worse prognosis, poorer cognitive outcomes, and/or poorer response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Olaithe
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Erica W Hagen
- School of Population Health Science, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Jodi H Barnet
- School of Population Health Science, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Peter R Eastwood
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Australia
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Harse JD, Marriott RJ, Zhu K, Murray K, Bucks RS. Vitamin D status and cognitive performance in community-dwelling adults: A dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023:101080. [PMID: 37268277 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Low vitamin D status is linked with poorer cognition in adults while findings in relation to high levels are mixed.We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses to examine dose-response associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levelsand cognitive performance in community-dwelling adults. Thirty-eight observational studies were included in dose-response meta-analyses. Positive, nonlinear associations were identified between baseline25OHD levels and global cognition incross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, and for performance in memory and executive function in longitudinal analyses. When restricted to studies involving older adults, thepattern emerged forspecific domains in cross-sectional analyses. Poorer performance was associated with low 25OHD levels, while a sharp improvement was associated withlevels up to 60-70 nM/L. Further improvement was observed only for longitudinal global cognition. Our findings support the association between low vitamin D and poorer cognition and suggest levels of at least 60 nM/L are associated with better cognition during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis D Harse
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia.
| | - Ross J Marriott
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
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10
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Bennett RJ, Bucks RS, Saulsman L, Pachana NA, Eikelboom RH, Meyer CJ. Use of the Behaviour Change Wheel to design an intervention to improve the provision of mental wellbeing support within the audiology setting. Implement Sci Commun 2023; 4:46. [PMID: 37131257 PMCID: PMC10153035 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-023-00427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study describes the development of an intervention to increase the frequency of audiologists' asking about and providing information regarding mental wellbeing within adult audiology services. DESIGN The Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW), an eight-step systematic process, was followed to develop the intervention. Reports describing the first four steps are published elsewhere. This report describes the final four steps and details the intervention developed. RESULTS A multifaceted intervention was developed to change audiologists' behaviours relating to providing mental wellbeing support to adults with hearing loss. Specifically, three behaviours were targeted: (1) asking clients about their mental wellbeing, (2) providing general information on the mental wellbeing impacts of hearing loss, and (3) providing personalised information on managing the mental wellbeing impacts of hearing loss. A variety of intervention functions and behaviour change techniques were incorporated into the intervention, including instruction and demonstration, information about others approval, adding objects to the environment, use of prompts/cues, and endorsement from credible sources. CONCLUSION This study is the first to use the Behaviour Change Wheel to develop an intervention targeting mental wellbeing support behaviours in audiologists and confirms the usability and usefulness of the approach in a complex area of clinical care. The systematic development of the Ask, Inform, Manage, Encourage, Refer (AIMER) intervention will facilitate a thorough evaluation of its effectiveness in the next phase of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Bennett
- Ear Science Institute Australia, 1 Salvado Road, Subiaco, WA, Australia.
- Centre for Ear Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
- Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.
| | - Romola S Bucks
- The Raine Study, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Lisa Saulsman
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Nancy A Pachana
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Robert H Eikelboom
- Ear Science Institute Australia, 1 Salvado Road, Subiaco, WA, Australia
- Centre for Ear Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Carly J Meyer
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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11
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Wu JS, Nankoo MMA, Bucks RS, Pestell CF. Short form Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales: Factor structure and measurement invariance by sex in emerging adults. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2023; 45:345-364. [PMID: 37610373 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2023.2246213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The short version of the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS-S:S) is a self-report measure used to identify symptoms of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) during adulthood. However, its psychometric properties specifically in emerging adults, or the transitional age group between adolescence and adulthood, remain understudied. This study aimed to validate the factor structure of the CAARS-S:S in a sample of emerging adults. METHOD The CAARS-S:S measure was completed by adults (n = 591) aged 18 to 29 located in English-speaking countries, including Australia, Canada and the United States. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test a four-factor model of Inattention/Memory Problems, Hyperactivity/Restlessness, Impulsivity/Emotional Lability and Problems with Self-Concept, as well as the model's invariance by sex. Sex was also included as a covariate in the model to examine differences in males' and females' scores on each factor. RESULTS Overall, the four-factor structure fit the data and was invariant across males and females. All factors demonstrated high internal reliability (average ωt and α = .86). It was observed that males tended to score higher on Inattention/Memory Problems while females scored higher on Problems with Self-Concept. CONCLUSION This research establishes the psychometric properties of the CAARS-S:S, placing greater confidence in using it to screen for ADHD symptoms in emerging adults living in a Westernized cultural context. The detailed findings of this research, implications for the use of the CAARS-S:S in this age group and potential future directions for examining the properties of the measure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine S Wu
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Marie M A Nankoo
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Carmela F Pestell
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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12
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Gnoni V, Mesquita M, O’Regan D, Delogu A, Chakalov I, Antal A, Young AH, Bucks RS, Jackson ML, Rosenzweig I. Distinct cognitive changes in male patients with obstructive sleep apnoea without co-morbidities. Front Sleep 2023; 2:1097946. [PMID: 38213473 PMCID: PMC7615516 DOI: 10.3389/frsle.2023.1097946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a multisystem, debilitating, chronic disorder of breathing during sleep, resulting in a relatively consistent pattern of cognitive deficits. More recently, it has been argued that those cognitive deficits, especially in middle-aged patients, may be driven by cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities, rather than by distinct OSA-processes, such as are for example ensuing nocturnal intermittent hypoxaemia, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and sleep fragmentation. Methods Thus, we undertook to define cognitive performance in a group of 27 middle-aged male patients with untreated OSA, who had no concomitant comorbidities, compared with seven matched controls (AHI mean ± S.D.: 1.9 ± 1.4 events/h; mean age 34.0 ± 9.3 years; mean BMI 23.8 ± 2.3 kg/m2). Of the 27 patients, 16 had mild OSA (AHI mean ± S.D.:11.7 ± 4.0 events/h; mean age 42.6 ± 8.2 years; mean BMI 26.7 ± 4.1 kg/m2), and 11 severe OSA (AHI 41.8 ± 20.7 events/h; age: 46.9 ± 10.9 years, BMI: 28.0 ± 3.2 kg/m2). Results In our patient cohort, we demonstrate poorer executive-functioning, visuospatial memory, and deficits in vigilance sustained attention, psychomotor and impulse control. Remarkably, we also report, for the first time, effects on social cognition in this group of male, middle-aged OSA patients. Conclusion Our findings suggest that distinct, OSA-driven processes may be sufficient for cognitive changes to occur as early as in middle age, in otherwise healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gnoni
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - David O’Regan
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Sleep Disorder Centre, Nuffield House, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Delogu
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Chakalov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Antal
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Allan H. Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Beckenham, United Kingdom
| | - Romola S. Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- The Raine Study, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Melinda L. Jackson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Sleep and Brain Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Sleep Disorder Centre, Nuffield House, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Kelsall-Foreman I, Bucks RS, Weinborn M, Badcock JC. Loneliness and objective social isolation are differentially associated with anomalous perceptions in community-dwelling older adults. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2023; 28:130-146. [PMID: 36744805 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2023.2174841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anomalous perceptions are characterised by the subjective experience of a range of distorted and/or hallucinatory percepts. Whilst considerable attention has been paid to the neurocognitive processes contributing to anomalous perceptions amongst older adults, less is known about the social factors (e.g. social isolation, loneliness). Furthermore, it is unknown whether loneliness and social isolation are associated with different types of anomalous perceptions, including anomalous body-centred self-experiences and anomalous external experiences. METHODS This study examined the cross-sectional relationships between loneliness, objective social isolation, and anomalous perceptions in a sample of community-dwelling older adults (N = 242, Mage = 71.87 ± 7.73, range = 52-91, 67.8% female) using structural equation modelling. RESULTS Higher levels of loneliness were associated with more anomalous body-centred self-experiences and anomalous external experiences. Those reporting more loneliness also reported higher levels of anxiety and depression; however, the relationship between loneliness and anomalous perceptions was not mediated by these factors. Social disconnection from a religious group was associated with more anomalous external experiences and being married/living with a partner was associated with more anomalous body-centred self-experiences. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that loneliness and social isolation have differential associations with anomalous perceptions in older adults and provide additional evidence that attending to loneliness in older adults is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- India Kelsall-Foreman
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Michael Weinborn
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Johanna C Badcock
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Perth Voices Clinic, Murdoch, Australia
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14
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Bennett RJ, Nickbakht M, Saulsman L, Pachana NA, Eikelboom RH, Bucks RS, Meyer CJ. Providing information on mental well-being during audiological consultations: exploring barriers and facilitators using the COM-B model. Int J Audiol 2023; 62:269-277. [PMID: 35175887 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2022.2034997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the barriers and facilitators of hearing healthcare clinicians (HHC) providing information to audiology consumers on (i) the mental health impacts of hearing loss, and (ii) management options for improving mental well-being. DESIGN A qualitative study using semi-structured individual and group interviews. Both the interview guide and the deductive process of data analysis were based on the COM-B model (Capabilities, Opportunities and Motivations required for Behaviour change). STUDY SAMPLE Fifteen HHCs with between 2 and 25 years of clinical experience (mean 9.3). RESULTS Psychological Capability barriers included lack of knowledge relating to mental health signs and symptoms, management options available, referral processes, and resources/tools to assist discussion of options. Social opportunity barriers included clients' lack of openness to receive mental health-related information from their HHC. Automatic motivation factors included feeling uncomfortable and helpless when discussing mental health. Reflective motivation factors included clinician's limiting beliefs concerning their role and responsibilities regarding provision of mental health support, and doubts about whether mental health services are truly beneficial for clients with hearing loss. CONCLUSION Application of the COM-B model for behaviour change identified factors that need to be addressed to increase the provision of mental health information in the audiology setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Bennett
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia.,Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Mansoureh Nickbakht
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Lisa Saulsman
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Nancy A Pachana
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Robert H Eikelboom
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia.,Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,The Raine Study, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Carly J Meyer
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.,Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, UK
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15
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Malkani MK, Pestell CF, Sheridan AMC, Crichton AJ, Horsburgh GC, Bucks RS. Behavioral Sleep Interventions for Children With ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:1805-1821. [PMID: 35758199 DOI: 10.1177/10870547221106239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate intervention characteristics and components within behavioral sleep interventions in school-aged children with ADHD and examine evidence related to effectiveness. METHOD A systematic review was conducted using PsycINFO, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, and OpenGray. The subsequent meta-analysis used sleep outcomes to produce comparable effect sizes (Hedges' g) and compare intervention effects between randomized controlled trials and pre-post studies. RESULTS Eleven articles satisfied the inclusion criteria (562 children, across all groups, aged 5-14 years, M = 8.71). Studies reported improvements in sleep although there was marked heterogeneity between studies and limited use of objective sleep measures within them. On average, intervention groups improved more than control groups in the five randomized controlled trials (-0.46, 95% CI = [-0.58, -0.35], k = 4). CONCLUSION The findings support the use of behavioral sleep interventions for school-aged children with ADHD. Findings suggest that brief, individualized intervention may be more effective than standardized.
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16
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Pivac LN, Brown BM, Sewell KR, Doecke JD, Villemagne VL, Dore V, Weinborn M, Sohrabi HR, Gardener SL, Bucks RS, Masters CL, Rowe C, Martins RN, Rainey‐Smith S. Suboptimal sleep efficiency and duration predicts rate of accumulation of Aβ‐ Amyloid in cognitively normal older adults. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.060975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Belinda M Brown
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Murdoch University Perth Western Australia Australia
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation Perth Western Australia Australia
| | | | - James D Doecke
- Australian E‐Health Research Centre, CSIRO Herston QLD Australia
| | | | - Vincent Dore
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Austin Health Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Michael Weinborn
- University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Hamid R Sohrabi
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation Perth Western Australia Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | | | - Romola S Bucks
- University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Christopher Rowe
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Austin Health Melbourne VIC Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Edith Cowan University Joondalup Western Australia Australia
| | - Stephanie Rainey‐Smith
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Murdoch University Perth Western Australia Australia
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation Perth Western Australia Australia
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17
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McKenzie C, Bucks RS, Weinborn M, Bourgeat P, Salvado O, Gavett BE. Residual reserve index modifies the effect of amyloid pathology on FDG metabolism: implications for efficiency and capacity in cognitive reserve. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.066376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn McKenzie
- University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Michael Weinborn
- University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Pierrick Bourgeat
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian E‐Health Research Centre Brisbane QLD Australia
| | | | - Brandon E Gavett
- University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
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18
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McKenzie C, Bucks RS, Weinborn M, Bourgeat P, Salvado O, Gavett BE. Residual reserve index modifies the effect of amyloid pathology on fluorodeoxyglucose metabolism: Implications for efficiency and capacity in cognitive reserve. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:943823. [PMID: 36034126 PMCID: PMC9413056 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.943823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The residual approach to measuring cognitive reserve (using the residual reserve index) aims to capture cognitive resilience conferred by cognitive reserve, but may be confounded by factors representing brain resilience. We sought to distinguish between brain and cognitive resilience by comparing interactions between the residual reserve index and amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration [“AT(N)”] biomarkers when predicting executive function. We hypothesized that the residual reserve index would moderate at least one path from an AT(N) biomarker to executive function (consistent with cognitive resilience), as opposed to moderating a path between two AT(N) biomarkers (suggestive of brain resilience). Methods Participants (N = 332) were from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. The residual reserve index represented the difference between observed and predicted memory performance (a positive residual reserve index suggests higher cognitive reserve). AT(N) biomarkers were: CSF β-amyloid1–42/β-amyloid1–40 (A), plasma phosphorylated tau-181 (T), and FDG metabolism in AD-specific regions ([N]). AT(N) biomarkers (measured at consecutive time points) were entered in a sequential mediation model testing the indirect effects from baseline amyloid to executive function intercept (third annual follow-up) and slope (baseline to seventh follow-up), via tau and/or FDG metabolism. The baseline residual reserve index was entered as a moderator of paths between AT(N) biomarkers (e.g., amyloid-tau), and paths between AT(N) biomarkers and executive function. Results The residual reserve index interacted with amyloid pathology when predicting FDG metabolism: the indirect effect of amyloid → FDG metabolism → executive function intercept and slope varied as a function of the residual reserve index. With lower amyloid pathology, executive function performance was comparable at different levels of the residual reserve index, but a higher residual reserve index was associated with lower FDG metabolism. With higher amyloid pathology, a higher residual reserve index predicted better executive function via higher FDG metabolism. Conclusion The effect of the residual reserve index on executive function performance via FDG metabolism was consistent with cognitive resilience. This suggests the residual reserve index captures variation in cognitive reserve; specifically, neural efficiency, and neural capacity to upregulate metabolism to enhance cognitive resilience in the face of greater amyloid pathology. Implications for future research include the potential bidirectionality between neural efficiency and amyloid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn McKenzie
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Cathryn McKenzie,
| | - Romola S. Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Weinborn
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Pierrick Bourgeat
- Australian e-Health Research Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Health and Biosecurity, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Olivier Salvado
- Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brandon E. Gavett
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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19
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Sullivan KL, Gallagher MW, Bucks RS, Weinborn M, Woods SP. Factor Structure of the Memory for Intentions Test (MIsT): A Conceptual Replication in Older Adults and People with HIV Disease. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2022; 44:281-292. [PMID: 35930244 PMCID: PMC9474617 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2022.2107183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Memory for Intentions Test (MIsT) is a clinical measure of prospective memory that has strong evidence for convergent, discriminative, and ecological validity. This study uses a conceptual replication design to evaluate the latent structure of the MIsT in two parallel samples who commonly experience prospective memory deficits: older adults and people living with HIV disease. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Study participants included 303 people with HIV disease (ages 18-67) and 267 community-dwelling older adults (ages 50-91). Confirmatory factor analyses of the MIsT were conducted separately in each sample. We evaluated a one-factor model, as well as three two-factor models with the MIsT items loading onto each factor based on cue type, delay interval, or response modality. RESULTS The one-factor model provided the best (and most parsimonious) fit to the data in both study samples. All two-factor models also demonstrated good fit statistics, although correlations between the two factors in each model were high and none of the two-factor models provided a significantly better fit than the one-factor model. CONCLUSIONS Results of this conceptual replication study provide support for a robust factor structure of the MIsT across older adults and people with HIV disease. A total score for the MIsT provides the most parsimonious solution, although available evidence and theory also support the potential use of subscales (e.g., cue type). Future studies of the MIsT would be useful to determine its psychometrics in different clinical populations and across demographic factors (e.g., race/ethnicity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli L Sullivan
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
| | | | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Weinborn
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Steven Paul Woods
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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20
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Nickbakht M, Meyer CJ, Saulsman L, Pachana NA, Eikelboom RH, Bucks RS, Bennett RJ. Barriers and facilitators to asking adults with hearing loss about their emotional and psychological well-being: a COM-B analysis. Int J Audiol 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35436178 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2022.2056090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the barriers and facilitators faced by hearing healthcare clinicians (HHCs) with respect to asking adults with hearing loss (HL) about their emotional well-being. DESIGN This qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups. The interview topic guide was developed based on the COM-B model. STUDY SAMPLE Fifteen HHCs of a single hearing services organisation in Western Australia across 13 clinic locations participated. RESULTS Barriers and facilitators that may influence HHCs' behaviour of routinely asking adults about their emotional well-being include having the knowledge and skills to ask about emotional well-being, forgetting to ask, awareness of the emotional impacts of HL, time and tools for asking, clients' reactions to being asked, supportive peers, normalisation of discussions relating to emotional well-being, presence of significant others, emotions associated with asking, being in the habit of asking, reminders, beliefs about consequences and confidence or capabilities, and scope of audiology practice. CONCLUSIONS Application of the COM-B model identified barriers in capabilities (e.g. knowledge), opportunities (e.g. tools), and motivation (e.g. beliefs about benefits of asking about emotions) that need to be addressed for HHCs to ask their clients about their emotional well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Nickbakht
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Carly J Meyer
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.,Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lisa Saulsman
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Nancy A Pachana
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Robert H Eikelboom
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia.,Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Rebecca J Bennett
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.,Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia.,Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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21
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Alkeridy WA, Al Khalifah RA, Mohammedin AS, Khallaf R, Muayqil T, Bucks RS. The Arabic Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Bristol Activity of Daily Living Scale. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1123-1130. [PMID: 35147542 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few Arabic language functional scales for patients with dementia. The Bristol Activity of Daily Living Scale (BADLS) was designed and validated for use in patients with dementia. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the BADLS to the Arabic language for people with neurocognitive decline and dementia. METHODS The original BADLS scale was translated to the Arabic language followed by face validity assessment through a pilot testing in five Arabic countries. The Arabic BADLS was assessed in a sample of 139 participants and their caregivers for concurrent and convergent validity. RESULTS The Arabic BADLS had excellent internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha 0.95 (95% CI 0.93-0.96). Likewise, the Arabic BADLS had strong convergent validity with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (r = -0.82, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The Arabic BADLS is a valid scale that can used to assess the functional performance of people living with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid A Alkeridy
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine, Geriatric Division, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Ahmed S Mohammedin
- Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Medicine Department Geriatrics Division, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,Ain Shams University, Geriatrics Department, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Roaa Khallaf
- King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Department of Medicine, Neurology Division, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taim Muayqil
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science & School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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22
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Alkeridy WA, Muayqil TA, Al Khalifah RA, Mohammedin AS, Khallaf RA, Bucks RS. Arabic translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Bristol Activities of Daily Living Scale (BADLS). Alzheimers Dement 2022. [PMID: 34971283 DOI: 10.1002/alz.050856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of dementia is expected to increase exponentially in developing countries over the next few decades.1, 2 Arabic language is widely spoken across the middle east and north Africa, where dementia diagnosis remains challenging.3 Many factors contribute to the underdiagnosis of dementia in Arabic speaking countries including the lack of validated functional assessment tools for patients with cognitive impairment.2, 4 The aim of this study is to translate, cross culturally adapt and validate the widely used Bristol Activity Of Daily Living Scale (BADLS)5 to the Arabic language. METHODS First the BADLS was translated to the Arabic language by two independent bilingual experts. The Arabic version was then back translated to English by two independent translators. Then reviewed by expert panel including the original author to keep original meanings, check accuracy and standardization. A pilot study was done for Cognitive Debriefing. Expert panel discussion was done to review cognitive debriefing and finalize. Criterion validity is tested against the validated Arabic version of the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living and the Arabic version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) test. CONCLUSION To our knowledge this is the first study to translate the BADLS to the Arabic language. The Arabic BADLS will enable the early and accurate diagnosis of dementia for Arabic speaking patients and caregivers. References: 1. Livingston G, Huntley J, Sommerlad A, et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. The Lancet. 2020;396(10248):413-446. 2. Epidemiology of Alzheimers Disease and Dementia in Arab Countries: A Systematic Review. Behavioural Neurology. 2019. 3. Benabdeljlil M. Assessment of cognitive disorders in the Arabic language. Journal of the neurological sciences. 2019;405(S):66-67. 4. Abou-Mrad F, Chelune G, Zamrini E, Tarabey L, Hayek M, Fadel P. Screening for dementia in Arabic: normative data from an elderly Lebanese sample. The Clinical Neuropsychologist. 2017;31(sup1):1-19. 5. Bucks RS, Ashworth DL, Wilcock GK, Siegfried K. Assessment of Activities of Daily Living in Dementia: Development of the Bristol Activities of Daily Living Scale. Age Ageing Age and Ageing. 1996;25(2):113-120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Ahmed Alkeridy
- King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Ahmed S Mohammedin
- Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,Geriatrics Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Roaa A Khallaf
- King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Sullivan KL, Neighbors C, Bucks RS, Weinborn M, Gavett BE, Woods SP. Longitudinal declines in event-based, but not time-based, prospective memory among community-dwelling older adults. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn 2022; 29:70-86. [PMID: 33191839 PMCID: PMC8121895 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2020.1849534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Age-related deficits in prospective memory (PM) are well established, but it is not known whether PM is stable over time among older adults. In this study, 271 community-dwelling older adults underwent abaseline neuropsychological evaluation and up to three follow-up visits, approximately 2.4 years apart. Mixed effects linear longitudinal models revealed small, but significant linear declines and between-subjects variability in event-based PM performance. There were no changes in performance on measures of time-based PM, retrospective memory, or executive functions. Changes in event-based PM were not associated with age, retrospective memory, executive functions, or everyday functioning. Among older adults, event-based PM appears to be more susceptible to linear declines than does time-based PM, which future research might examine with regard to the possible underlying cognitive mechanisms of cue encoding, monitoring, detection, and retrieval processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Romola S. Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia
| | - Michael Weinborn
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia
| | | | - Steven Paul Woods
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston,School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia
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24
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Harse JD, Zhu K, Bucks RS, Hunter M, Lim EM, Cooke BR, Walsh JP, Murray K. Investigating Potential Dose-Response Relationships between Vitamin D Status and Cognitive Performance: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in Middle- to Older-Aged Adults in the Busselton Healthy Ageing Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 19:ijerph19010450. [PMID: 35010710 PMCID: PMC8744852 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Low vitamin D status has been linked to adverse cognitive outcomes in older adults. However, relationships at higher levels remain uncertain. We aimed to clarify patterns of association between vitamin D status and cognitive performance, using flexible regression methods, in 4872 middle- to older-aged adults (2678 females) from the Busselton Healthy Ageing Study. Cross-sectional associations of serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and performance in cognitive domains were modelled using linear regression and restricted cubic splines, controlling for demographic, lifestyle, and health factors. Mean ± SD serum 25OHD levels were 78 ± 24 nM/L for women and 85 ± 25 nM/L for men. Increasing levels in women were associated with better global cognition (linear trend, p = 0.023) and attention accuracy (continuity of attention), with improvement in the latter plateauing around levels of 80 nM/L (nonlinear trend, p = 0.035). In men, increasing levels of serum 25OHD were associated with better attention accuracy (linear trend, p = 0.022), but poorer semantic verbal fluency (linear trend, p = 0.025) and global cognition (nonlinear trend, p = 0.015). We identified patterns of association between serum 25OHD levels and cognitive performance that may reflect early dose–response relationships, particularly in women. Longitudinal analyses extending through to older ages may help to clarify the nature, strength, and temporality of these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis D. Harse
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia; (M.H.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth 6009, Australia; (K.Z.); (E.M.L.); (J.P.W.)
- Discipline of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Romola S. Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia;
| | - Michael Hunter
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia; (M.H.); (K.M.)
- Busselton Population and Medical Research Institute, Busselton 6280, Australia
| | - Ee Mun Lim
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth 6009, Australia; (K.Z.); (E.M.L.); (J.P.W.)
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Brian R. Cooke
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth 6150, Australia;
| | - John P. Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth 6009, Australia; (K.Z.); (E.M.L.); (J.P.W.)
- Discipline of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia; (M.H.); (K.M.)
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25
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Bennett RJ, Donaldson S, Kelsall-Foreman I, Meyer C, Pachana NA, Saulsman L, Eikelboom RH, Bucks RS. Addressing Emotional and Psychological Problems Associated With Hearing Loss: Perspective of Consumer and Community Representatives. Am J Audiol 2021; 30:1130-1138. [PMID: 34670097 DOI: 10.1044/2021_aja-21-00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hearing loss causes emotional distress and can contribute to the development of psychological difficulties, yet emotional and psychological issues are not addressed within current audiology services. The purpose of this study was to use focus groups with consumer and community representatives to explore how we might improve the provision of support for clients experiencing emotional and psychological issues in relation to their hearing loss. PARTICIPANTS Adults with hearing loss (n = 19) and their significant others (n = 9), as well as 10 hearing health care professionals (n = 4 hearing health care clinicians, n = 4 reception staff, and n = 2 clinical managers), participated in consumer and community engagement focus groups. METHOD Consumer and community representatives were tasked with (a) identifying the stakeholders involved in supporting adults experiencing emotional or psychological difficulties on account of their hearing loss, (b) describing the behaviors undertaken by each stakeholder group, and (c) selecting target behavior(s) that could optimally form the basis of an intervention program to improve the quality and frequency of support provided to people experiencing emotional and psychological problems in the audiology setting. RESULTS Participants identified 12 stakeholder groups involved in supporting adults with hearing loss experiencing emotional and psychological problems. The three behaviors voted by participants to be the most promising for a behavioral intervention included the clinician (a) asking about, (b) providing information on, and (c) delivering therapeutic intervention for emotional and psychological well-being within audiological service provision. CONCLUSION Consumer and community stakeholder representatives indicate a general desire for hearing health care clinicians to deliver support for the emotional and psychological issues that arise relating to hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Bennett
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia
- Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Sara Donaldson
- Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - India Kelsall-Foreman
- Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Carly Meyer
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Nancy A. Pachana
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Lisa Saulsman
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Robert H. Eikelboom
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia
- Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Romola S. Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- The Raine Study, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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26
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Giles JJ, Ling I, McArdle N, Bucks RS, Cadby G, Singh B, Morgan VA, Gabriel L, Waters F. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is Treatable With Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in People With Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders. Schizophr Bull 2021; 48:437-446. [PMID: 34581411 PMCID: PMC8886585 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent condition in people living with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder. Its treatment with continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP) can dramatically improve daytime and physical health function. People with a psychotic disorder, however, are rarely diagnosed and treated and there are no large-scale studies showing evidence of successful treatment with CPAP. Using a retrospective case-control study approach (N = 554), we examined adherence to and effectiveness of a CPAP trial in individuals with comorbid psychotic disorder and OSA (psychosis group, n = 165) referred for a CPAP trial at the West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute. Given that antipsychotic medication is an important confounder, we included a psychiatric (non-psychosis) comparison group taking antipsychotic medication (antipsychotic group, n = 82), as well as a nonpsychiatric control group (OSA control group, n = 307) also diagnosed with OSA and referred for CPAP. Variables included OSA symptom response, CPAP engagement, and usage at 3 months. The Psychosis group had the most severe OSA at baseline and they attended fewer clinic appointments overall. However, there were no other group differences either in CPAP adherence or treatment response. CPAP was equally effective in normalizing OSA symptoms and daytime sleepiness in all groups. CPAP usage was longer per night in the Psychosis and Antipsychotic groups, perhaps suggesting a role of sedation from antipsychotic medications. In conclusion, OSA is treatable and CPAP feasible in people with severe mental illness and antipsychotic medications are not a barrier to treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamilla J Giles
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Ivan Ling
- West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Perth, Australia,Department of Pulmonary Physiology & Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Nigel McArdle
- West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Perth, Australia,Department of Pulmonary Physiology & Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia,School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Gemma Cadby
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Bhajan Singh
- West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Perth, Australia,Department of Pulmonary Physiology & Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia,School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Vera A Morgan
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia,Clinical Research Centre, Graylands Hospital, North Metropolitan Health Service-Mental Health, Perth, Australia,Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Laura Gabriel
- Clinical Research Centre, Graylands Hospital, North Metropolitan Health Service-Mental Health, Perth, Australia
| | - Flavie Waters
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia,Clinical Research Centre, Graylands Hospital, North Metropolitan Health Service-Mental Health, Perth, Australia,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Clinical Research Centre, Gascoyne House, Graylands Hospital, North Metropolitan Health Service-Mental Health, Perth, 6019, Australia; tel: 61-8-9347-6420, fax: 61-8-9384-5128, e-mail: ;
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27
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Mumme R, Pushpanathan M, Donaldson S, Weinborn M, Rainey-Smith SR, Maruff P, Bucks RS. Longitudinal association of intraindividual variability with cognitive decline and dementia: A meta-analysis. Neuropsychology 2021; 35:2021-76814-001. [PMID: 34410816 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intraindividual variability (IIV)-variance in an individual's cognitive performance-may be associated with subsequent cognitive decline and/or conversion to dementia in older adults. This novel measure of cognition encompasses two main operationalizations: inconsistency (IIV-I) and dispersion (IIV-D), referring to variance within or across tasks, respectively. Each operationalization can also be measured with or without covariates. This meta-analytic study explores the association between IIV and subsequent cognitive outcomes regardless of operational definition and measurement approach. METHOD Longitudinal studies (N = 13) that have examined IIV in association with later cognitive decline and/or conversation to MCI/dementia were analyzed. The effect of IIV operationalization was explored. Additional subgroup analysis of measurement approaches could not be examined due to the limited number of appropriate studies available for inclusion. RESULTS Meta-analytic estimates suggest IIV is associated with subsequent cognitive decline and/or conversion to MCI/dementia (r = .20, 95% CI [.09, .31]) with no significant difference between the two operationalisations observed (Q = 3.41, p = .065). CONCLUSION Cognitive IIV, including both IIV-I and IIV-D operationalizations, appears to be associated with subsequent cognitive decline and/or dementia and may offer a novel indicator of incipient dementia in both clinical and research settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Hunter ML, Knuiman MW, Musk BAW, Hui J, Murray K, Beilby JP, Hillman DR, Hung J, Newton RU, Bucks RS, Straker L, Walsh JP, Zhu K, Bruce DG, Eikelboom RH, Davis TME, Mackey DA, James AL. Prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity in Australian baby boomers: the Busselton healthy ageing study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1539. [PMID: 34380465 PMCID: PMC8359115 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Chronic medical conditions accumulate within individuals with age. However, knowledge concerning the trends, patterns and determinants of multimorbidity remains limited. This study assessed the prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity using extensive individual phenotyping in a general population of Australian middle-aged adults. METHODS Participants (n = 5029, 55% female), born between 1946 and 1964 and attending the cross-sectional phase of the Busselton Healthy Ageing Study (BHAS) between 2010 and 2015, were studied. Prevalence of 21 chronic conditions was estimated using clinical measurement, validated instrument scores and/or self-reported doctor-diagnosis. Non-random patterns of multimorbidity were explored using observed/expected (O/E) prevalence ratios and latent class analysis (LCA). Variables associated with numbers of conditions and class of multimorbidity were investigated. RESULTS The individual prevalence of 21 chronic conditions ranged from 2 to 54% and multimorbidity was common with 73% of the cohort having 2 or more chronic conditions. (mean ± SD 2.75 ± 1.84, median = 2.00, range 0-13). The prevalence of multimorbidity increased with age, obesity, physical inactivity, tobacco smoking and family history of asthma, diabetes, myocardial infarct or cancer. There were 13 pairs and 27 triplets of conditions identified with a prevalence > 1.5% and O/E > 1.5. Of the triplets, arthritis (> 50%), bowel disease (> 33%) and depression-anxiety (> 33%) were observed most commonly. LCA modelling identified 4 statistically and clinically distinct classes of multimorbidity labelled as: 1) "Healthy" (70%) with average of 1.95 conditions; 2) "Respiratory and Atopy" (11%, 3.65 conditions); 3) "Non-cardiometabolic" (14%, 4.77 conditions), and 4) "Cardiometabolic" (5%, 6.32 conditions). Predictors of multimorbidity class membership differed between classes and differed from predictors of number of co-occurring conditions. CONCLUSION Multimorbidity is common among middle-aged adults from a general population. Some conditions associated with ageing such as arthritis, bowel disease and depression-anxiety co-occur in clinically distinct patterns and at higher prevalence than expected by chance. These findings may inform further studies into shared biological and environmental causes of co-occurring conditions of ageing. Recognition of distinct patterns of multimorbidity may aid in a holistic approach to care management in individuals presenting with multiple chronic conditions, while also guiding health resource allocation in ageing populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Hunter
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute Inc, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
- BPMRI Busselton Health Study Centre, PO Box 659, Busselton, Western Australia, 6280.
| | - Matthew W Knuiman
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Bill A W Musk
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute Inc, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Jennie Hui
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute Inc, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine of WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - John P Beilby
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute Inc, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine of WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - David R Hillman
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Joseph Hung
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute Inc, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6083, Australia
| | - Leon Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - John P Walsh
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Kun Zhu
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - David G Bruce
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | - Robert H Eikelboom
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia
- Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Timothy M E Davis
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, WA, 6959, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Alan L James
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute Inc, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
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29
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Smit AL, Stegeman I, Eikelboom RH, Baguley DM, Bennett RJ, Tegg-Quinn S, Bucks RS, Stokroos RJ, Hunter M, Atlas MD. Prevalence of Hyperacusis and Its Relation to Health: The Busselton Healthy Ageing Study. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:E2887-E2896. [PMID: 34291459 PMCID: PMC9292021 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Importance The prevalence of hyperacusis and its relationship with mental and general health is unknown in a nonclinical sample. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence of hyperacusis and its relation with hearing, general and mental health in a population‐based study. Study Design Prospective population‐based study. Material and Methods This study uses data from the Busselton Healthy Ageing Study (BHAS). A sample of 5,107 eligible inhabitants aged 45 to 70 years completed a detailed questionnaire and a clinical assessment. A positive answer to “Do you consider yourself sensitive or intolerant to everyday sounds” was used to indicate hyperacusis. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between hearing, mental and general health factors, and hyperacusis. Results Of 5,107 participants, 775 (15.2%) reported hyperacusis. The majority of participants with hyperacusis reported an occasional effect on daily life (72.0%). Being female, older in age, having a lower income, physical or mental health difficulties, more severe hearing loss, and tinnitus were all associated with the presence of hyperacusis. Individuals who experience hearing impairment, poorer general or mental health have a higher possibility of hyperacusis having an effect on their daily life. Conclusions In this community population‐based cohort study, we found a prevalence of hyperacusis of 15.2%. Individuals with hearing loss, mental health problems, and lower physical health have a higher possibility of experiencing effects on their daily life associated with their hyperacusis. Unravelling the relationship between hyperacusis hearing, general and mental health can be of major importance for a better understanding of the condition and its consequences. Level of Evidence 2 Laryngoscope, 131:E2887–E2896, 2021
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana L Smit
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Stegeman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert H Eikelboom
- Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia
| | - David M Baguley
- Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K
| | - Rebecca J Bennett
- Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia
| | - Susan Tegg-Quinn
- Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia.,School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Robert J Stokroos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Hunter
- Busselton Health Study Centre, Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Perth, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Marcus D Atlas
- Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, Australia
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30
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Thompson JL, Bucks RS, Weinborn M, Woods SP. The Location Learning Test-Revised is associated with informant-reported everyday functioning in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 36:527-536. [PMID: 32783065 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Object location learning and memory may be important for older adults to successfully complete some everyday activities. METHOD This cross-sectional, correlational study investigated the ecological relevance of the Location Learning Test-Revised (LLT-R) in 195 community-dwelling, older adults in Western Australia. The LLT-R assesses object location learning and memory for everyday objects over five learning trials and after a 30-min delay. Knowledgeable informants provided structured ratings of participants' activities of daily living and memory symptoms. RESULTS A greater number of errors on LLT-R total learning trials were associated with mild problems in activities of daily living (particularly in travel and household domains), but not with memory symptoms. The LLT-R's association with activities of daily living was accompanied by a small-to-medium effect size and was not better explained by demographics, global cognitive functioning, mood, or chronic medical conditions. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide some support for the ecological relevance of the LLT-R among older community-dwelling adults and suggest that object location learning may play a role in some everyday functioning problems that accompany typical aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Weinborn
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Steven Paul Woods
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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31
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Tan S, Porter T, Bucks RS, Weinborn M, Milicic L, Brown A, Rainey-Smith SR, Taddei K, Ames D, Masters CL, Maruff P, Savage G, Rowe CC, Villemagne VL, Brown B, Sohrabi HR, Laws SM, Martins RN. Androgen receptor CAG repeat length as a moderator of the relationship between free testosterone levels and cognition. Horm Behav 2021; 131:104966. [PMID: 33714752 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.104966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Age-related decrease in testosterone levels is a potential risk factor for cognitive decline in older men. However, observational studies and clinical trials have reported inconsistent results on the effects of testosterone on individual cognitive domains. Null findings may be attributed to factors that studies have yet to consider. In particular, individual variations in polyglutamine (CAG) length in the androgen receptor (AR) gene could alter androgenic activity in brain regions associated with cognitive processes including memory and executive functions. However, the role of AR CAG repeat length as a moderator of the relationship between testosterone levels and cognition has not been investigated. Therefore, we aimed to examine the relationship between baseline calculated free testosterone (cFT) levels, change in cFT levels over 18 months and CAG repeat length on cognitive performance in memory, executive function, language, attention and processing speed domains. These relationships were examined in 304 cognitively normal older male participants of the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) Study of Ageing. In the attention and processing speed domain, a short CAG repeat length appears to exacerbate the effects of low baseline cFT levels that are also lower than expected at follow-up. These results highlight that individual variations in AR CAG repeat length should be considered in future studies and clinical trials that examine the complex relationship between testosterone and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherilyn Tan
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tenielle Porter
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Weinborn
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lidija Milicic
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ailsa Brown
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin Taddei
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Ames
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; National Ageing Research Institute (NARI), Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; CogState Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Greg Savage
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher C Rowe
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine & Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine & Centre for PET, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda Brown
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education (SHEE), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hamid R Sohrabi
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education (SHEE), Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Simon M Laws
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Stegeman I, Eikelboom RH, Smit AL, Baguley DM, Bucks RS, Stokroos RJ, Bennett RJ, Tegg-Quinn S, Hunter M, Atlas MD. Tinnitus and its associations with general health, mental health and hearing loss. Prog Brain Res 2021; 262:431-450. [PMID: 33931190 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A deeper knowledge of tinnitus is essential in order to better manage and treat tinnitus and its effects. Most studies to date are based on small samples and/or conducted in clinical settings. In this study we assessed the associations between tinnitus, general and mental health, hearing status and demographics in a large population cohort study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Busselton Healthy Aging Study recruited people born between 1946 and 1964. Data were collected between 2010 and 2015. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between tinnitus and its effect on daily life, age, gender, hearing, self-reported mental and general health, and doctor diagnosed health conditions. RESULTS Of 5107 participants, 1154 (22.6%) reported experiencing tinnitus. Of those, 32.4% reported that their tinnitus had an occasional effect on their daily lives, while for a further 8.9% the effect on their daily life was frequent or constant. The odds ratio for having a SF12-PCS was (OR 1.02 (95%CI 1.01-1.03). Furthermore, individuals who experience their tinnitus as having an effect on their daily life, have an increased risk of having a lower general health (OR 1.04 (95%CI 1.02-1.03)) than those without tinnitus. Higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress, as well as doctor diagnosed depression, were all significant risk factors for tinnitus. There were statistically significant worse hearing thresholds related to the presence of tinnitus. CONCLUSION The outcomes raise the question for clinicians and researchers whether addressing the mental and general health of individuals will influence the presence or burden of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Stegeman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert H Eikelboom
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia; Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Adriana L Smit
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David M Baguley
- Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; NIHR Bottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Robert J Stokroos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca J Bennett
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia; Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Susan Tegg-Quinn
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia; Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Hunter
- Busselton Health Study Centre, Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Busselton, WA, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Marcus D Atlas
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia; Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Fatima Y, Bucks RS, Mamun AA, Skinner I, Rosenzweig I, Leschziner G, Skinner TC. Shift work is associated with increased risk of COVID-19: Findings from the UK Biobank cohort. J Sleep Res 2021; 30:e13326. [PMID: 33686714 PMCID: PMC8250353 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite the strong evidence on circadian rhythm disruption in shift workers and consequent increased vulnerability for infection, longitudinal association between shift work and COVID-19 infection is unexplored. In this study, data from UK Biobank participants who were tested for COVID-19 infection (16 March to 7 September 2020) were used to explore the link between shift work and COVID-19 infection. Using the baseline occupational information, participants were categorised as non-shift workers, day shift workers, mixed shift workers and night shift workers. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the association between shift work and COVID-19 infection. Among the 18,221 participants (9.4% positive cases), 11.2% were health workers, and 16.4% were involved in shift-work-based jobs. Ethnic minorities (18%) and people in night-shift-based jobs (18.1%) had a significantly higher prevalence of COVID-19 infection than others. Adjusted logistics regression model suggest that, compared with their counterparts, people employed in a night-shift-based job were 1.85-fold (95% CI: 1.42-2.41) more likely to have COVID-19 infection. Sensitivity analysis focusing on people working in a non-healthcare setting suggests that people in shift-work-based jobs had 1.81-fold (95% CI: 1.04%-3.18%) higher odds of COVID-19 infection than their counterparts. Shift workers, particularly night shift workers, irrespective of their occupational group, seem to be at high risk of COVID-19 infection. If similar results are obtained from other studies, then it would mandate to revisit the criteria for defining high-risk groups for COVID-19 and implementing appropriate interventions to protect people in shift-based jobs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqoot Fatima
- Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Rural and Remote Health, James Cook University, Mount Isa, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Abdullah A Mamun
- Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Isabelle Skinner
- Centre for Rural and Remote Health, James Cook University, Mount Isa, Australia
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Guy Leschziner
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy C Skinner
- Centre for Rural and Remote Health, James Cook University, Mount Isa, Australia.,Institut for Psykologi, Center for Sundhed of Samfund, Københavns Universitet, København K, Denmark
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34
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Richardson C, Ree M, Bucks RS, Gradisar M. Paediatric sleep literacy in australian health professionals. Sleep Med 2021; 81:327-335. [PMID: 33761413 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to provide the first estimate of sleep knowledge, practices, and attitudes regarding paediatric sleep in Australian health professionals. METHODS 263 Australian health professionals (medical practitioners, nurses, psychologists, social workers, occupational therapists, pharmacists, dentists and sleep coaches) completed an anonymous survey. RESULTS Clients with sleep disorders were commonly encountered by health professionals, yet professionals reported little time spent on clinical training in sleep medicine at the undergraduate (∼1-5 hrs) or postgraduate (∼0.5-3.5 hrs) level. Health professionals reported seeking continuing professional development (CPD) in sleep (∼6+ hrs), and CPD had the most influence on health professionals' practice, relative to other sources of information. Over half of health professionals (∼56-58%) reported that they were not trained in sleep measurement (i.e., sleep diaries and questionnaires), or how to take a sleep history. On average, professionals answered less than half (44.5%) of paediatric sleep knowledge questions correctly (M = 13.35, SD = 6.03). Approximately one third of health professionals reported not routinely screening for sleep disorders in paediatric patients and many did not routinely recommend evidence based treatments. The impact and importance of paediatric sleep was well recognised, but sleep was considered less important than a healthy diet and exercise. CONCLUSIONS Results from the current study highlight key knowledge gaps regarding paediatric sleep across a wide range of Australian health professions, and may inform future efforts to reform clinical sleep medicine training in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Richardson
- School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - M Ree
- School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - R S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - M Gradisar
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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35
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Olaithe M, Pushpanathan M, Bucks RS. Time to regroup and redirect? Sleep fragmentation and hypoxia may not be where we should focus our efforts in looking for causal pathways to cognitive deficits in OSA. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 17:339-340. [PMID: 33185184 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Olaithe
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Maria Pushpanathan
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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36
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Fine L, Loft S, Bucks RS, Parker D, Laws M, Olaithe M, Pushpanathan M, Rainey Smith SR, Sohrabi HR, Martins RN, Weinborn M. Improving Prospective Memory Performance in Community-dwelling Older Adults: Goal Management Training and Implementation Intentions. Exp Aging Res 2021; 47:414-435. [PMID: 33522444 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2021.1876409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The present study tested a compensatory executive intervention for prospective memory (goal management training) for the first time in older adults. Prospective memory (the ability to remember and execute a task in the future) declines with age, with significant implications for older adults' activities of daily living and quality of life. Prospective memory interventions have focused primarily on the retrospective component of prospective memory (e.g., implementation intentions). However, executive dysfunction is also implicated in age-related prospective memory decline.Methods: Community-dwelling older adults were randomly allocated to receive goal management training, implementation intentions or no intervention. Prospective memory was assessed before and after the intervention with a well-validated laboratory-based prospective memory measure. Results: Contrary to predictions, neither goal management training nor implementation intentions were successful at improving prospective memory in healthy older adults. Participants who received goal management training were more likely to have difficulty comprehending the intervention. Post-hoc analyses suggested implementation intentions improved prospective memory specifically for participants with poorer baseline prospective memory. Conclusions: These results represent important cautionary findings about the possible limitations of goal management training to improve prospective memory in older adults. Future research should also consider the role of baseline prospective memory ability in affecting response to compensatory intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Fine
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Shayne Loft
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Denise Parker
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Manuela Laws
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Michelle Olaithe
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Maria Pushpanathan
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey Smith
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Perth, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Hamid R Sohrabi
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Perth, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Perth, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Michael Weinborn
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Perth, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
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37
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Olaithe M, Ree M, McArdle N, Donaldson S, Pushpanathan M, Eastwood PR, Bucks RS. Cognitive Dysfunction in Insomnia Phenotypes: Further Evidence for Different Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:688672. [PMID: 34349682 PMCID: PMC8326515 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.688672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives: To determine cognitive profiles in individuals with short sleep duration insomnia (SSDI) and normal sleep duration insomnia (NSDI; also, paradoxical insomnia), compared to healthy sleepers. Method: Polysomnographic (PSG) and neuropsychological data were analysed from 902 community-based Raine Study participants aged 22 ± 0.6 years of whom 124 met criteria for insomnia (53 with NSDI and 71 with or SSDI) and 246 were classified as healthy with normal sleep (i.e., without insomnia or other sleep disorders). Measurements of self- report (attention and memory) and laboratory-assessed (attention, episodic memory, working memory, learning, and psychomotor function) cognition and mood, and PSG-based sleep stages (% total sleep time; %TST) were compared between these 3 groups. Results: In comparison to the healthy sleeper group, both insomnia groups had poorer self-reported attention, memory, mood, and sleep, and poorer laboratory-assessed attention (inconsistency). The NSDI group had less consistent working memory reaction time than healthy-sleepers or those with SSDI. The SSDI group had more inconsistency in executive function (shifting), and showed greater %TST in stage N1 and N3, and less REM sleep than either healthy-sleepers or those with NSDI. Conclusions: Individuals with NSDI demonstrated greater working memory inconsistency, despite no laboratory assessed sleep problems, implicating early signs of pathophysiology other than disturbed sleep. Those with SSDI demonstrated different sleep architecture, poorer attention (inconsistency), and greater executive function (inconsistency) compared to healthy-sleepers and those with NSDI, implicating sleep disturbance in the disease process of this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Olaithe
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Melissa Ree
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nigel McArdle
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Sara Donaldson
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Maria Pushpanathan
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter R Eastwood
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri Roberton
- Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, School of Psychology & Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne,
| | - Michael Daffern
- Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, School of Psychology & Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne,
- Victorian Institute of Forensic Mental Health, Fairfield, Victoria,
| | - Romola S. Bucks
- School of Psychology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia,
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39
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Fatima Y, Bucks RS, Mamun AA, Skinner I, Rosenzweig I, Leschziner G, Skinner TC. Sleep trajectories and mediators of poor sleep: findings from the longitudinal analysis of 41,094 participants of the UK Biobank cohort. Sleep Med 2020; 76:120-127. [PMID: 33157426 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To explore sleep trajectories and identify the risk factors and mediators of poor sleep in middle-aged adults. METHODS Group-based multi-trajectory modelling was applied to the three waves of sleep data the from UK Biobank cohort to identify latent trajectories of sleep and group characteristics. Self-reported sleep duration, sleep problems (based on insomnia symptoms, snoring and trouble waking up) and daytime sleepiness (based on daytime tiredness and sleepiness) were included in the trajectory analyses. Multinomial logistic regression and mediation analysis were used to identify the main factors associated with poor sleep. RESULTS Analysis of sleep data from 41,094 participants (51.9% females) with a median age of 57 years (interquartile range 50-62 years) identified three distinct trajectories of sleep: healthy sleepers (40.8%); borderline poor sleepers (31.6%); and poor sleepers (27.6%). Socio-economic disadvantage, ethnic minority background, shift work, unhealthy lifestyle, poor health, depressive symptoms and obesity were the main risk factors associated with poor sleep. Around a third of the total effect of socio-economic deprivation on poor sleep was mediated through depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The distinct groups with differential risk for developing sleep issues and stable sleep trajectories highlight the non-transient nature of sleep issues. Early management of depressive symptoms can help in reducing the future burden of poor sleep. Due to the increased risk of poor sleep, people from socio-economically deprived groups, particularly females from ethnic minorities, should be the highest priority for interventions aiming to improve population sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqoot Fatima
- Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Rural and Remote Health, James Cook University, Mount Isa, Australia.
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Abdullah A Mamun
- Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Isabelle Skinner
- Centre for Rural and Remote Health, James Cook University, Mount Isa, Australia
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Leschziner
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy C Skinner
- Centre for Rural and Remote Health, James Cook University, Mount Isa, Australia; University Department of Rural Health, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia; Institut for Psykologi, Center for Sundhed of Samfund, Københavns Universitet, Øster Farimagsgade, København K, Denmark
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Fatima Y, Al Mamun A, Bucks RS, Charles Skinner T. Late bedtime and body mass index gain in indigenous Australian children in the longitudinal study of indigenous children. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:2084-2090. [PMID: 32266735 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore sleep patterns in indigenous Australian children and assess the role of sleep timing in longitudinal changes in body mass index (BMI). METHODS Latent profile analysis was conducted with the Australian Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children (LSIC) cohort data (wave 5), to determine distinct patterns of bed and wake timing, taking account of weekday sleep duration, weekday and weekend bedtimes, and weekday wake times. Multilevel models with a random intercept were used to investigate the role of baseline sleep pattern in predicting longitudinal changes in BMI. RESULTS Baseline data for 1258 children (50.7% males), mean age 6.32 ± 1.52 years, indicated the presence of five classes of sleep patterns: early/long sleepers (4.5%), normative sleepers (25.5%), late sleepers (49.9%), consistent late sleepers (11.1%) and early risers (9%). Late sleeping was significantly associated with longitudinal gains in BMI. Compared with early sleepers, consistent late sleepers experienced 1.03 unit gain in BMI at follow-up (95% CI: 0.001-2.05, P = .05). CONCLUSION This study underscores the importance of looking beyond sleep duration and highlights the positive outcomes of early bedtimes in children. As sleep timing is modifiable, this offers the opportunity for improvement in sleep and protecting against future weight gain in indigenous children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqoot Fatima
- Centre for Rural and Remote Health James Cook University Mount Isa QLD Australia
- Institute for Social Science Research University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Institute for Social Science Research University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Romola S. Bucks
- School of Psychology University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - Timothy Charles Skinner
- Centre for Rural and Remote Health James Cook University Mount Isa QLD Australia
- Institut for Psykologi Center for Sundhed of Samfund Københavns Universitet Copenhagen Denmark
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41
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Howie EK, McVeigh JA, Smith AJ, Zabatiero J, Bucks RS, Mori TA, Beilin LJ, Straker LM. Physical activity trajectories from childhood to late adolescence and their implications for health in young adulthood. Prev Med 2020; 139:106224. [PMID: 32735989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity has been associated with physical and mental health across the life course, yet few studies have used group-based trajectory modeling to examine the effect of longitudinal patterns of physical activity during childhood and adolescence on adult health outcomes. The Raine Study data from Gen2 follow-ups at 8, 10, 14, 17, 20, and 22 years collected between 1998 and 2014 were used. Latent class analysis identified trajectories using parent-reported physical activity for ages 8 to 17. Associations between trajectories and physical and mental health outcomes at ages 20 and 22 were explored, adjusting for current physical activity and considering sex interactions. Analysis in 2019 identified three trajectories: low (13%), mid (65%) and high (22%) physical activity (n = 1628). Compared to the low-activity trajectory, those in the high-activity trajectory had lower adiposity, insulin, HOMA-IR and fewer diagnosed disorders, higher HDL-cholesterol, and faster cognitive processing. For example, those in the high-activity trajectory had lower percent body fat at age 20 compared to those in the mid-activity (-4.2%, 95%CI: -5.8, -2.7) and low-activity (-9.5%, 95%CI: -11.7, -7.2) trajectories. Physical activity trajectories showed different associations between sexes for self-reported physical and mental health, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and depression symptoms. Being in the high- or mid-activity trajectory was associated with a more favorable cardiometabolic and mental health profile in young adulthood. Strategies are needed to help less active children to increase physical activity throughout childhood and adolescence to improve young adult health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Howie
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA; School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - J A McVeigh
- School of Occupational Therapy, Speech Therapy & Social Work, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - A J Smith
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J Zabatiero
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - T A Mori
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - L J Beilin
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - L M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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42
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Whitworth SR, Bruce DG, Starkstein SE, Davis TME, Skinner TC, Davis WA, Bucks RS. Risk factors and outcomes of anxiety symptom trajectories in type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II. Diabet Med 2020; 37:1688-1695. [PMID: 32531090 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify determinants and outcomes of 4-year trajectories of anxiety symptoms in a community-based cohort with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Some 1091 participants in the Fremantle Diabetes Study-Phase II with type 2 diabetes completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale at baseline and biennially for 4 years, in addition to psychological, biomedical and self-management measures. Latent growth mixture modelling identified trajectories of anxiety symptom severity, and regression models determined predictors of trajectory membership and associated outcomes. RESULTS Two distinct groups of participants were identified: those with continuously low-no anxiety symptoms (87%) and those with improving but consistently high anxiety symptoms (elevated anxiety; 13%). Higher HbA1c and BMI, macrovascular complications and a history of generalized anxiety and/or major depressive disorder increased the risk of elevated anxiety. Elevated anxiety did not predict change in health-related outcomes over time. Elevated anxiety and depression symptoms were highly comorbid and those with both displayed the most persistent anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS A subgroup of individuals with type 2 diabetes are at risk of persistently elevated anxiety symptoms. Routine monitoring of the severity of psychological symptoms over time in this population should facilitate earlier and more intensive mood management.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Whitworth
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - D G Bruce
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - S E Starkstein
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - T M E Davis
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - T C Skinner
- Institute for Psychology, Centre for Health and Society, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - W A Davis
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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43
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Olaithe M, Pushpanathan M, Hillman D, Eastwood PR, Hunter M, Skinner T, James A, Wesnes KA, Bucks RS. Cognitive profiles in obstructive sleep apnea: a cluster analysis in sleep clinic and community samples. J Clin Sleep Med 2020; 16:1493-1505. [PMID: 32400387 PMCID: PMC7970596 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.8564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Although cognitive dysfunction is a recognized consequence of untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the deficit pattern is heterogeneous. Understanding this heterogeneity may identify those at risk of cognitive deficits and guide intervention strategies. To facilitate understanding, we examined whether distinct profiles of neuropsychological performance were present in OSA and, if so, how they are related to other OSA features. METHODS We studied sleep clinic (n = 121) and community (n = 398) samples with moderate-severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 15 events/h). Attention and memory were assessed using the Cognitive Drug Research system. Sleep was assessed using polysomnography in the clinic sample and dual channel (flow, oximetry) portable monitoring in the community sample. Latent profile analysis was used to determine structure of cognitive clusters. Discriminant function analysis was used to examine associations between nocturnal and diurnal features of OSA and profile membership. RESULTS Both samples were best characterized by a 3-profile solution: (1) strong thinkers (performed well across most domains and showed greater cognitive reserve); (2) inattentive fast thinkers (strong processing speed but poor ability to maintain attention); and (3) accurate slow thinkers (strengths in maintaining attention but poor processing speed). Profile membership was associated with mean overnight oxygen saturation and cognitive reserve in the clinic sample and the presence of cardiovascular disease and/or diabetes in the community sample. CONCLUSIONS These findings help explain the diversity of outcomes in previous studies of cognitive dysfunction in OSA by demonstrating that individual differences in cognitive reserve, nocturnal oxygen saturation, and comorbidities affect how cognition is impacted by OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Olaithe
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Maria Pushpanathan
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Hillman
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter R. Eastwood
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Hunter
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Busselton, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy Skinner
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alan James
- West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Busselton, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Keith A. Wesnes
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Romola S. Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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44
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Kelsall-Foreman I, Gavett BE, Bucks RS, Weinborn M, Badcock JC. Factor structure and age invariance of the Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale (CAPS) in healthy older and younger adults. Psychol Assess 2020; 32:1095-1105. [PMID: 32924523 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although anomalous perceptual experiences are common in healthy older adults, they remain poorly characterized. In particular, it is unclear whether the phenomenology of these experiences differs between healthy older and younger adults. The current study examined similarities and differences in the factor structure of the Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale (CAPS) in healthy, community-dwelling older (n = 194; Mage = 71.89, SD = 7.74, range = 52-91; 69.1% female) and younger adults (n = 421, Mage = 19.40, SD = 2.44, range = 17-34; 69.6% female; N = 615), using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, together with measurement invariance testing. The results found that a 2-factor correlated model comprising 23 of the original 32 CAPS items provided the best fit to the data. Further, scalar invariance was found between the two samples, indicating equivalence of the factor structure, factor loadings, and thresholds by age group. Compared with younger adults, the latent group means of older adults were also found to be equal on Factor 1, but significantly lower on Factor 2. Evidence of scalar age invariance on the CAPS suggests that this tool is valid for making comparisons between older and younger adults on two dimensions of anomalous perceptual experiences. Further, the results suggest that anomalous perceptions in the general community may be characterized by two components: anomalous body-centered self-experiences (e.g., alterations in body, touch, smell, and taste perception) and anomalous external experiences (e.g., auditory, visual, and sensed presence hallucinations); each of which may have different causes, correlates, and consequences for healthy ageing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon E Gavett
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia
| | - Michael Weinborn
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia
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45
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Joyce A, Elphick H, Farquhar M, Gringras P, Evans H, Bucks RS, Kreppner J, Kingshott R, Martin J, Reynolds J, Rush C, Gavlak J, Hill CM. Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Contributes to Executive Function Impairment in Young Children with Down Syndrome. Behav Sleep Med 2020. [PMID: 31311334 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Children with Down syndrome (DS) commonly experience difficulties with executive function (EF). They are also vulnerable to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). OSA is associated with EF deficits in typically developing children. A recent study reported an association between OSA and cognitive deficits in 38 school-aged children with DS. We experimentally investigated EF behaviours in young children with DS, and their association with OSA. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Children with DS were recruited to take part in a larger study of OSA (N = 202). Parents of 80 children (50 male) aged 36 to 71 months (M = 56.90, SD = 10.19 months) completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Preschool Version (BRIEF-P). Of these 80 children, 69 were also successfully studied overnight with domiciliary cardiorespiratory polygraphy to diagnose OSA. RESULTS Obstructive apnoea/hypopnoea index was in the normal range (0-1.49/h) for 28 children but indicated OSA (≥1.5/h) in 41 children. Consistent with previous research, we found a large effect for children experiencing particular weaknesses in working memory, planning and organising, whilst emotional control was a relative strength. OSA was associated with poorer working memory (β = .23, R2 = .05, p = .025), emotional control (β = .20, R2 = .04, p = .047) and shifting (β = .24, R2 = .06, p = .023). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that known EF difficulties in DS are already evident at this young age. Children with DS already have limited cognitive reserve and can ill afford additional EF deficit associated with OSA. OSA is amenable to treatment and should be actively treated in these children to promote optimal cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Joyce
- Centre for Innovative Research Across the Lifecourse, Coventry University , Coventry, UK
| | - Heather Elphick
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust , Sheffield, UK
| | - Michael Farquhar
- Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guys & St Thomas's NHS Trust , London, UK
| | - Paul Gringras
- Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guys & St Thomas's NHS Trust , London, UK
| | - Hazel Evans
- Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton University NHS Trust , Southampton, UK
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia , Perth, Australia
| | - Jana Kreppner
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton , Southampton, UK
| | - Ruth Kingshott
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust , Sheffield, UK
| | - Jane Martin
- Southampton Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital , Southampton, UK
| | - Janine Reynolds
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust , Sheffield, UK
| | - Carla Rush
- Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guys & St Thomas's NHS Trust , London, UK
| | - Johanna Gavlak
- Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton University NHS Trust , Southampton, UK
| | - Catherine M Hill
- Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton University NHS Trust , Southampton, UK.,School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton , Southampton, UK
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46
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Joyce A, Elphick H, Farquhar M, Gringras P, Evans H, Bucks RS, Kreppner J, Kingshott R, Martin J, Reynolds J, Rush C, Gavlak J, Hill CM. Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Contributes to Executive Function Impairment in Young Children with Down Syndrome. Behav Sleep Med 2020; 18:611-621. [PMID: 31311334 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2019.1641501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Children with Down syndrome (DS) commonly experience difficulties with executive function (EF). They are also vulnerable to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). OSA is associated with EF deficits in typically developing children. A recent study reported an association between OSA and cognitive deficits in 38 school-aged children with DS. We experimentally investigated EF behaviours in young children with DS, and their association with OSA. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Children with DS were recruited to take part in a larger study of OSA (N = 202). Parents of 80 children (50 male) aged 36 to 71 months (M = 56.90, SD = 10.19 months) completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Preschool Version (BRIEF-P). Of these 80 children, 69 were also successfully studied overnight with domiciliary cardiorespiratory polygraphy to diagnose OSA. RESULTS Obstructive apnoea/hypopnoea index was in the normal range (0-1.49/h) for 28 children but indicated OSA (≥1.5/h) in 41 children. Consistent with previous research, we found a large effect for children experiencing particular weaknesses in working memory, planning and organising, whilst emotional control was a relative strength. OSA was associated with poorer working memory (β = .23, R2 = .05, p = .025), emotional control (β = .20, R2 = .04, p = .047) and shifting (β = .24, R2 = .06, p = .023). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that known EF difficulties in DS are already evident at this young age. Children with DS already have limited cognitive reserve and can ill afford additional EF deficit associated with OSA. OSA is amenable to treatment and should be actively treated in these children to promote optimal cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Joyce
- Centre for Innovative Research Across the Lifecourse, Coventry University , Coventry, UK
| | - Heather Elphick
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust , Sheffield, UK
| | - Michael Farquhar
- Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guys & St Thomas's NHS Trust , London, UK
| | - Paul Gringras
- Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guys & St Thomas's NHS Trust , London, UK
| | - Hazel Evans
- Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton University NHS Trust , Southampton, UK
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia , Perth, Australia
| | - Jana Kreppner
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton , Southampton, UK
| | - Ruth Kingshott
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust , Sheffield, UK
| | - Jane Martin
- Southampton Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital , Southampton, UK
| | - Janine Reynolds
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust , Sheffield, UK
| | - Carla Rush
- Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guys & St Thomas's NHS Trust , London, UK
| | - Johanna Gavlak
- Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton University NHS Trust , Southampton, UK
| | - Catherine M Hill
- Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton University NHS Trust , Southampton, UK.,School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton , Southampton, UK
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47
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Badcock JC, Larøi F, Kamp K, Kelsall-Foreman I, Bucks RS, Weinborn M, Begemann M, Taylor JP, Collerton D, O’Brien JT, El Haj M, Ffytche D, Sommer IE. Hallucinations in Older Adults: A Practical Review. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:1382-1395. [PMID: 32638012 PMCID: PMC7707075 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Older adults experience hallucinations in a variety of social, physical, and mental health contexts. Not everyone is open about these experiences, as hallucinations are surrounded with stigma. Hence, hallucinatory experiences in older individuals are often under-recognized. They are also commonly misunderstood by service providers, suggesting that there is significant scope for improvement in the training and practice of professionals working with this age group. The aim of the present article is to increase knowledge about hallucinations in older adults and provide a practical resource for the health and aged-care workforce. Specifically, we provide a concise narrative review and critique of (1) workforce competency and training issues, (2) assessment tools, and (3) current treatments and management guidelines. We conclude with a brief summary including suggestions for service and training providers and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C Badcock
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Perth Voices Clinic, Murdoch, Australia
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, 6009; tel: 0423123665, fax: 61864881006, e-mail:
| | - Frank Larøi
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- Norwegian Centre of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karina Kamp
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Michael Weinborn
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Marieke Begemann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center, Rijks Universiteit Groningen (RUG), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel Collerton
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John T O’Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mohamad El Haj
- Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL-EA 4638), Nantes Université, Univ Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Dominic Ffytche
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Iris E Sommer
- Rijks Universiteit Groningen (RUG), Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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48
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McArdle N, Ward SV, Bucks RS, Maddison K, Smith A, Huang RC, Pennell CE, Hillman DR, Eastwood PR. The prevalence of common sleep disorders in young adults: a descriptive population-based study. Sleep 2020; 43:5819386. [PMID: 32280974 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Sleep disorders in adults are associated with adverse health effects including reduced quality of life and increased mortality. However, there is little information on sleep disorders in young adults. A cross-sectional observational study was undertaken in 1,227 young adults participating in the Western Australian Pregnancy (Raine) Study (2012–2014) to describe the prevalence of common sleep disorders. In-laboratory polysomnography (PSG) and validated survey methods were used, including the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Symptom Questionnaire-Insomnia, and International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group criteria. A total of 1,146 participants completed a core questionnaire, 1,051 completed a sleep-focused questionnaire and 935 had analyzable PSG data. Participants had a mean age of 22.2 years and female to male ratio of 1.1 to 1. The respective sleep disorder prevalences in females and males were: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI]: ≥5 events/hour) 14.9% (95% CI: 11.8–18.5) and 26.9% (95% CI: 22.9–31.2); chronic insomnia, 19.3% (95% CI: 16.7–23.9) and 10.6% (95% CI: 8.3–13.9); restless legs syndrome, 3.8% (95% CI: 2.4–5.6) and 1.9% (95% CI: 0.9–3.4); and abnormal periodic leg movements during sleep (>5 movements/hour), 8.6% (95% CI: 6.3–11.5) and 9.6% (95% CI: 7.1–12.7). There were statistically significant differences in prevalence between sexes for OSA and insomnia, which persisted after adjustment for body mass index and education. In those with complete data on all sleep-related assessments (n = 836), at least one sleep disorder was present in 41.0% of females and 42.3% of males. Sleep disorders are very common in young adults. Health practitioners should be aware of these high prevalences, as early identification and treatment can improve quality of life and may reduce later morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel McArdle
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Sarah V Ward
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, New York, NY
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Kathleen Maddison
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Anne Smith
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Rae-Chi Huang
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David R Hillman
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Peter R Eastwood
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
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49
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Babicz MA, Sullivan KL, Weinborn M, Bucks RS, Ng A, Hodgson E, Parker D, Pushpanathan M, Fine L, Loft S, Woods SP. Does the Key Task Measure Prospective Memory? Cautionary Findings from Parallel Studies in HIV Disease and Older Adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 34:1438-1444. [PMID: 30844064 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite its brevity and face validity, little is known about the construct validity of the naturalistic "Key Task" of prospective memory (PM), in which an examinee is instructed to remind the examiner at a designated time to retrieve keys (or another belonging) placed out of sight. METHOD Study 1 included 162 HIV+ and 52 HIV- comparison participants who completed the Key Task alongside well-validated measures of PM and a comprehensive neuropsychological battery that included everyday functioning measures. Study 2 used broadly parallel methods in 168 older community-dwelling Australians. RESULTS Overall, the Key Task was not reliably associated with neurocognitive functioning (including clinical and experimental measures of PM), PM symptoms, or everyday functioning in either sample. CONCLUSIONS The Key Task did not demonstrate compelling evidence of construct validity among persons living with HIV disease or older adults, which raises doubts regarding its clinical usefulness as a measure of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelli L Sullivan
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Weinborn
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Amanda Ng
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Erica Hodgson
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Denise Parker
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Maria Pushpanathan
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lara Fine
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Shayne Loft
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Steven Paul Woods
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Olaithe M, Weinborn M, Lowndes T, Ng A, Hodgson E, Fine L, Parker D, Pushpanathan M, Bayliss D, Anderson M, Bucks RS. Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS): Normative Data for Older Adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 34:1356-1366. [PMID: 30608541 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acy102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Provide updated older adult (ages 60+) normative data for the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Form A, using regression techniques, and corrected for education, age, and gender. METHOD Participants (aged 60-93 years; N = 415) were recruited through the Healthy Ageing Research Program (HARP), University of Western Australia, and completed Form A of the RBANS as part of a wider neuropsychological test battery. Regression-based techniques were used to generate normative data rather than means-based methods. This methodology allows for the control of demographic variables using continuous data. To develop norms, the data were assessed for: (1) normality; (2) associations between each subtest score and age, education, and gender; (3) the effect of age, education, and gender on subtest scores; and (4) residual scores which were converted to percentile distributions. RESULTS Differences were noted between the three samples, some of which were small and may not represent a clinically meaningful difference. Younger age, more years of education, and female gender were associated with better scores on most subtests. Frequency distributions, means, and standard deviations were produced using unstandardized residual scores to remove the effects of age, education, and gender. CONCLUSIONS These normative data expand upon past work by using regression-based techniques to generate norms, presenting percentiles, as well as means and standard deviations, correcting for the effect of gender, and providing a free-to-use Excel macro to calculate percentiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Olaithe
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Michael Weinborn
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Talitha Lowndes
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Amanda Ng
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Erica Hodgson
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Lara Fine
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Denise Parker
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Maria Pushpanathan
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Donna Bayliss
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Mike Anderson
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
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