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Bailey JA, Le VT, McMorris BJ, Merrin GJ, Heerde JA, Batmaz EA, Toumbourou JW. Longitudinal associations between adult-supervised drinking during adolescence and alcohol misuse from ages 25-31 years: A comparison of Australia and the United States. Addict Behav 2024; 153:107984. [PMID: 38401424 PMCID: PMC10947807 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Prior studies suggest that adult supervised drinking in adolescence predicts greater adolescent alcohol misuse. Long-term follow up data examining how adult supervised drinking during adolescence relates to alcohol misuse in adulthood are lacking. Longitudinal data from the International Youth Development Study tested associations between adult supervised drinking during adolescence (ages 13-16; 2002-2004) and adult alcohol misuse (ages 25-31; 2014, 2018, 2020). Cross-nationally matched samples were compared in Washington State, USA (n = 961) and Victoria, Australia (n = 1,957; total N = 2,918, 55 % female, 83 % White), where adult-supervised adolescent alcohol use was more common. Multilevel analyses adjusted for state, sex, adolescent drinking, parent education, family management, family history of substance use problems, and parent alcohol-related norms. Adult supervised drinking in adolescence (at dinner or parties, on holidays) predicted more adult alcohol misuse (mean Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score; b[SE] 0.07[0.03]; p = 0.004) and higher rates of alcohol-impaired driving (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.501, p = 0.034) and riding with an alcohol-impaired driver (OR 1.669, p = 0.005), but not the use of strategies to moderate alcohol intake (e.g., counting drinks). Better family management (monitoring, clear rules) in adolescence predicted less adult alcohol misuse. Associations were similar in the two states. Reducing the frequency of adult supervised drinking and improving family management practices in adolescence may help to decrease alcohol misuse well into adulthood. Findings support the widespread implementation of substance use prevention and family management training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - Vi T Le
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - Barbara J McMorris
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, 5-140 Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Gabriel J Merrin
- Human Development and Family Science, Syracuse University, 150 Crouse Dr., Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
| | - Jessica A Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, Department of Social Work, and Murdoch Children's Research Institute The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Ebru A Batmaz
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia.
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia.
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Heerde JA, Calais‐Ferreira L, Sawyer SM. Commentary on Booth et al.: Measuring the health burden of homelessness. Addiction 2024; 119:345-347. [PMID: 38104548 PMCID: PMC10952739 DOI: 10.1111/add.16415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Heerde
- Department of PaediatricsThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Adolescent HealthRoyal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Social WorkThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Lucas Calais‐Ferreira
- Centre for Adolescent HealthRoyal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Justice Health Group, School of Population HealthCurtin UniversityPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Susan M. Sawyer
- Department of PaediatricsThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Adolescent HealthRoyal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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Heerde JA, McMorris BJ, Gewirtz O'Brien JR, Bailey JA, Toumbourou JW. Health and Social Vulnerabilities Among Unstably Housed and Homeless Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Health Promot Pract 2023:15248399231217447. [PMID: 38102808 DOI: 10.1177/15248399231217447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The role of housing as a social driver of health is well-established, with stable housing being an important factor in reducing health inequities. During developmentally critical periods such as young adulthood, unstable housing and related social marginalization have profound effects on development and later health, social, and economic wellbeing. This exploratory study analyzed data from a population-based, longitudinal sample of young adults (average age 31 years) from Washington State (n = 755) to compare health and economic impacts of the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on housing status. Descriptive results suggest the pandemic exposed underlying vulnerabilities for young adults experiencing homelessness and housing instability, with an overall widening of inequities related to financial difficulties and increased risk for poor mental health and social isolation. Findings suggest that these vulnerabilities are magnified in the context of public health crises and strengthen the case for population-based studies investigating potential modifiable causes of housing instability to inform prevention and early intervention at the earliest possible point in a young person's development. Studies examining the severity of COVID-related hardships on young adult health and social outcomes are vital for establishing an evidence base for strategic policy action that seeks to prevent a rebound in young adult homelessness and housing instability post-pandemic. These studies would bolster both emergency preparedness responses that account for the unique needs of vulnerable populations and upstream population-level prevention approaches beginning long before the imminent risk for housing instability develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Heerde
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | - John W Toumbourou
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kerr JA, Gillespie AN, O'Connor M, Deane C, Borschmann R, Dashti SG, Spry EA, Heerde JA, Möller H, Ivers R, Boden JM, Scott JG, Bucks RS, Glauert R, Kinner SA, Olsson CA, Patton GC. Intervention targets for reducing mortality between mid-adolescence and mid-adulthood: a protocol for a machine-learning facilitated systematic umbrella review. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068733. [PMID: 37890970 PMCID: PMC10619087 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A rise in premature mortality-defined here as death during the most productive years of life, between adolescence and middle adulthood (15-60 years)-is contributing to stalling life expectancy in high-income countries. Causes of mortality vary, but often include substance misuse, suicide, unintentional injury and non-communicable disease. The development of evidence-informed policy frameworks to guide new approaches to prevention require knowledge of early targets for intervention, and interactions between higher level drivers. Here, we aim to: (1) identify systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses focused on intervention targets for premature mortality (in which intervention targets are causes of mortality that can, at least hypothetically, be modified to reduce risk); (2) evaluate the review quality and risk of bias; (3) compare and evaluate each review's, and their relevant primary studies, findings to identify existing evidence gaps. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In May 2023, we searched electronic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library) for peer-reviewed papers published in the English language in the 12 years from 2012 to 2023 that examined intervention targets for mortality. Screening will narrow these papers to focus on systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses, and their primary papers. Our outcome is death between ages 15 and 60 years; with potential intervention targets measured prior to death. A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2) will be used to assess quality and risk of bias within included systematic reviews. Results will be synthesised narratively due to anticipated heterogeneity between reviews and between primary studies contained within included reviews. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This review will synthesise findings from published systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and their primary reviewed studies, meaning ethics committee approval is not required. Our findings will inform cross-cohort consortium development, be published in a peer-reviewed journal, and be presented at national and international conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022355861.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Kerr
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alanna N Gillespie
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meredith O'Connor
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Camille Deane
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rohan Borschmann
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Health Equity, Justice Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Ghazaleh Dashti
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Spry
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica A Heerde
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Social Work, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Holger Möller
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ivers
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph M Boden
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - James G Scott
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Romola S Bucks
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The Raine Study, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rebecca Glauert
- The Raine Study, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stuart A Kinner
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Health Equity, Justice Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - George C Patton
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Taliaferro LA, Heerde JA, Bailey JA, Toumbourou JW, McMorris BJ. Adolescent Predictors of Deliberate Self-Harm Thoughts and Behavior Among Young Adults: A Longitudinal Cross-National Study. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:61-69. [PMID: 36914447 PMCID: PMC10293113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study builds upon and extends previous longitudinal research on deliberate self-harm (DSH) among youth by investigating which risk and protective factors during adolescence predict DSH thoughts and behavior in young adulthood. METHODS Self-report data came from 1,945 participants recruited as state-representative cohorts from Washington State and Victoria, Australia. Participants completed surveys in seventh grade (average age 13 years), as they transitioned through eighth and ninth grades and online at age 25 years. Retention of the original sample at age 25 years was 88%. A range of risk and protective factors in adolescence for DSH thoughts and behavior in young adulthood were examined using multivariable analyses. RESULTS Across the sample, 9.55% (n = 162) and 2.83% (n = 48) of young adult participants reported DSH thoughts and behaviors, respectively. In the combined risk-protective factor multivariable model for young adulthood DSH thoughts, depressive symptoms in adolescence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.05; confidence interval [CI] = 1.00-1.09) increased risk, while higher levels of adolescent adaptive coping strategies (AOR = 0.46; CI = 0.28-0.74), higher levels of adolescent community rewards for prosocial behavior (AOR = 0.73; CI = 0.57-0.93), and living in Washington State decreased risk. In the final multivariable model for DSH behavior in young adulthood, less positive family management strategies during adolescence remained the only significant predictor (AOR = 1.90; CI = 1.01-3.60). DISCUSSION DSH prevention and intervention programs should not only focus on managing depression and building/enhancing family connections and support but also promote resilience through efforts to promote adaptive coping and connections to adults within one's community who recognize and reward prosocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Taliaferro
- Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
| | - Jessica A Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Social Work, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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Heerde JA, Merrin GJ, Le VT, Toumbourou JW, Bailey JA. Health of Young Adults Experiencing Social Marginalization and Vulnerability: A Cross-National Longitudinal Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:1711. [PMID: 36767076 PMCID: PMC9914820 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
People who experience social marginalization and vulnerability have uniquely complex health needs and are at risk of poor health outcomes. Regression analyses using longitudinal data from a cross-national, population-based sample of young adults participating in the International Youth Development Study, tested associations between social marginalization and vulnerabilities and physical health, mental health, and substance use outcomes. Participants from Victoria, Australia, and Washington State in the US were surveyed at ages 25 (2014) and 29 years (2018; N = 1944; 46.7% male). A history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), LGBT identity, financial insecurity, and justice system involvement at age 25 predicted poor health outcomes at age 28, including lower perceived health status, risk for chronic illness, depression and anxiety symptoms, and diagnosed mental health/substance use disorders. Tests of model equivalence across states showed that a history of ACEs was more strongly related to health status and serious injury at age 28 and justice system involvement at age 25 was more strongly related to age 28 serious injury in Victoria than in Washington State. Findings strengthen the case for future population-based research identifying life-course interventions and state policies for reducing poor health and improving health equity among members of socially marginalized groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Department of Social Work, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Gabriel J. Merrin
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Vi T. Le
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
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Tominc BL, Francis KL, Sawyer SM, Heerde JA, O’Neill J, Henning D. Immunization Coverage in Young People Experiencing Homelessness and the Impact of a Nurse-led Program. J Prim Care Community Health 2023; 14:21501319231204581. [PMID: 37846075 PMCID: PMC10583520 DOI: 10.1177/21501319231204581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the proportion of young people experiencing homelessness who are immunized against vaccine-preventable diseases, and to evaluate the impact of a nurse-led immunization program to improve vaccination coverage in this population. METHODS A retrospective audit of electronic medical records included 400 participants aged 15 to 24 years who had an encounter with the Young People's Health Service, a nurse-led clinic co-located with a specialist youth homelessness service in Melbourne, Australia, between February 2019 and May 2021. RESULTS Integrating an immunization nurse within a youth specialist homelessness service increased the percentage of young people who were up-to-date with routine vaccinations from 6.0% (n = 24) to 38.8% (n = 155). Intersecting social determinants of health that increased participants' risk of vaccine preventable diseases, and of missing routine vaccines, were common. CONCLUSIONS Incomplete coverage of routine vaccines is common in young people accessing homelessness services, and this coverage was improved when young people encountered an immunization nurse while accessing support from a specialist youth homelessness service. As a service model, nurse-led community health clinics co-located within homelessness providers can improve vaccination coverage, and therefore health outcomes, of young people experiencing or at risk of homelessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda L. Tominc
- The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate L. Francis
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan M. Sawyer
- The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica A. Heerde
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jenny O’Neill
- The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dot Henning
- The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Doery E, Satyen L, Paradies Y, Rowland B, Bailey JA, Heerde JA, Renner H, Smith R, Toumbourou JW. Young Adult Development Indicators for Indigenous and Non-Indigenous People: A Cross-National Longitudinal Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:17084. [PMID: 36554965 PMCID: PMC9779129 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192417084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, Indigenous youth face ongoing challenges and inequalities. Increasing our understanding of life course patterns in Indigenous youth will assist the design of strategies and interventions that encourage positive development. This study aimed to increase understanding of resilience and positive development in Indigenous and non-Indigenous youth across Australia and the United States of America. The Australian sample comprised 9680 non-Indigenous and 176 Pacific Islander and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. The USA sample comprised 2258 non-Indigenous and 220 Pacific Islander, Native Hawaiian and Native American/American Indian peoples. Data were used to examine how Indigenous background, volunteering, and community involvement at average age 15 years (Grade 9) predicted five young adult positive development indicators: Year 12 (Grade 12) school completion, tertiary education participation, independent income, paid employment, and intimate relationship formation from age 18 to 28 years. Multilevel regression analyses revealed that while Indigenous youth showed slower increases in positive young adult development over time, when adjusting for socioeconomic disadvantage, there was a reduction in this difference. Moreover, we found that Grade 9 community involvement and volunteering were positively associated with young adult development for Indigenous and non-Indigenous youth. Findings indicate the importance of addressing structural inequalities and increasing adolescent opportunities as feasible strategies to improve positive outcomes for young Indigenous adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Doery
- School of Psychology, Burwood Campus, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Lata Satyen
- School of Psychology, Burwood Campus, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Yin Paradies
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Burwood Campus, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Bosco Rowland
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Jessica A. Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Level 2 West, Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Heidi Renner
- School of Psychology, Burwood Campus, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Rachel Smith
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- School of Psychology, Burwood Campus, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood 3125, Australia
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Heerde JA, Bailey JA, Patton GC, Toumbourou JW. A population-based study of homelessness, antisocial behaviour and violence victimisation among young adults in Victoria, Australia. Aust J Soc Issues 2022; 57:762-782. [PMID: 36530738 PMCID: PMC9748854 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Homeless young adults are at increased risk for contact with the police and are overrepresented in the justice system. This study explored associations between homelessness, antisocial behaviour and violence victimisation using longitudinal panel data gathered through young adulthood. Data were drawn from a state representative population-based sample of young adults from Victoria, Australia participating in the International Youth Development Study (IYDS; n = 2884, 54% female). Participants were surveyed at age 21 years, with follow-up at ages 23 and 25 years. We examined changes in the prevalence of homelessness and tested hypothesised directional relationships between young adult homelessness, antisocial behaviour and violence victimisation using longitudinal cross-lagged panel models. Multiple-group modelling was used to test whether these relationships were moderated by gender. The prevalence of young adult homelessness was highest at age 21 (6.5%), declining at ages 23 (3.9%) and 25 years (2.5%). Results showed that young adult homelessness, antisocial behaviour and victimisation were related cross-sectionally, but not longitudinally. Gender did not significantly moderate these associations. Findings suggest that the state of homelessness is associated with temporary vulnerability to potentially harmful and problematic situations involving antisocial behaviour and victimisation. These situations are likely to heighten risk for contact with the police and direct physical and psychological harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Heerde
- Department of PaediatricsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Social WorkThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Adolescent HealthRoyal Children’s HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research GroupSchool of Social WorkUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - George C. Patton
- Department of PaediatricsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Adolescent HealthRoyal Children’s HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- Centre for Adolescent HealthRoyal Children’s HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- School of PsychologyCentre for Social and Early Emotional DevelopmentDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
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Heerde JA, Bailey JA, Kelly AB, McMorris BJ, Patton GC, Toumbourou JW. Life-course predictors of homelessness from adolescence into adulthood: A population-based cohort study. J Adolesc 2021; 91:15-24. [PMID: 34271292 PMCID: PMC8423126 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Internationally, the prevalence of young adult homelessness is concerning. Few data on life-course predictors from longitudinal studies exist, limiting our capacity to inform prevention strategies at the population-level. METHODS Data were drawn from a state representative population-based sample of young adults from Victoria, Australia participating in the International Youth Development Study (IYDS; N = 927, 54% female). Participants were recruited in state-representative secondary school samples at Grade 7 (age 13, 2002), with follow-up in Grades 9 (age 15) and 11 (age 17) and at ages 21, 23 and 25. Using longitudinal path modelling, we conducted a series of analyses testing life-course predictors of young adult homelessness across multiple socializing contexts, and the interrelationships among them. RESULTS The rate of young adult homelessness was 5.5%. Path modelling showed higher levels of family conflict at ages 13 and 15 uniquely predicted homelessness by age 25. This effect remained after accounting for other risk factors in peer-group (e.g., interactions with antisocial peers), school (e.g., low academic performance), and community contexts (e.g., low neighborhood attachment). Peer drug use and interaction with antisocial peers at age 15 mediated the association between family conflict at age 13 and homelessness by age 25. CONCLUSIONS Findings point to the vulnerability of early adolescents to family conflict. This vulnerability heightens risk for young adult homelessness. Findings strengthen the case for both primary prevention programs that build healthy relationships between family members from early on in adolescence and for investment in homelessness prevention at key developmental periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Honorary Research Fellow, The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia.
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, USA
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | | | - George C Patton
- Professorial Fellow in Adolescent Health Research, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University; and Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia
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Heerde JA, Bailey JA, Toumbourou JW, Rowland B, Catalano RF. Longitudinal Associations Between Early-Mid Adolescent Risk and Protective Factors and Young Adult Homelessness in Australia and the United States. Prev Sci 2021; 21:557-567. [PMID: 31965426 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-020-01092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Homelessness is associated with a range of negative health and behavioral outcomes, yet life-course pathways to homelessness from adolescence to early adulthood are not well-documented. This study asks to what extent do early-mid adolescent risk and protective factors predict young adult homelessness, and whether the predictive nature of these factors is similar in Victoria, Australia, and Washington State in the USA. As part of the International Youth Development Study, adolescents were recruited as state representative secondary school samples at grade 7 (age 13, 2002) and longitudinally compared at average age 25. Higher rates of past year homelessness were reported by Washington State (5.24%), compared to Victorian young adults (3.25%). Although some cross-state differences in levels of adolescent demographic, individual, family, peer group, school, and community predictors were found, cross-state comparisons showed these factors were equally predictive of young adult homelessness in both states. In univariate analyses, most adolescent risk and protective factors were significant predictors. Unique multivariate adolescent predictors associated with young adult homelessness included school suspension (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.76) and academic failure (AOR = 1.94). No significant unique protective effects were found. Prevention and intervention efforts that support adolescents' academic engagement may help in addressing young adult homelessness. The similar cross-state profile of adolescent predictors suggests that programs seeking to support academic engagement may influence risk for homelessness into young adulthood in both states. The similarity in life-course pathways to homelessness suggests that the USA and Australia can profitably translate prevention and intervention efforts to reduce homelessness while continuing to identify modifiable predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bosco Rowland
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard F Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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12
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Bailey JA, Epstein M, Catalano RF, McMorris BJ, Heerde JA, Clancy E, Rowland B, Toumbourou JW. Longitudinal Consequences of Adolescent Alcohol Use Under Different Policy Contexts in Australia and the United States. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2021. [DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2021.82.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Richard F. Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Jessica A. Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Clancy
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bosco Rowland
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong Waterfront Campus, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Gewirtz O'Brien JR, Auerswald C, English A, Ammerman S, Beharry M, Heerde JA, Kang M, Naous J, Pham DQ, Maria DS, Elliott A. Youth Experiencing Homelessness During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Unique Needs and Practical Strategies From International Perspectives. J Adolesc Health 2021; 68:236-240. [PMID: 33541600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janna R Gewirtz O'Brien
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Colette Auerswald
- UC Berkeley School of Public Health, UC Berkeley-UCSF Joint Medical Program, Berkeley, California
| | - Abigail English
- Center for Adolescent Health & the Law, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Seth Ammerman
- Alliance Medical Center, Healdsburg, California; Mission Neighborhood Health Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Meera Beharry
- Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, McLane Children's Hospital, Baylor Scott & White, Temple, Texas
| | - Jessica A Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Melissa Kang
- University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jihane Naous
- Family Medicine Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Do-Quyen Pham
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Diane Santa Maria
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Cizik School of Nursing, Houston, Texas
| | - April Elliott
- Section of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Calgary, NW Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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14
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Heerde JA, Patton GC. The vulnerability of young homeless people. The Lancet Public Health 2020; 5:e302-e303. [DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Scholes-Balog KE, Hemphill SA, Heerde JA, Toumbourou JW, Patton GC. Childhood social environmental and behavioural predictors of early adolescent onset cannabis use. Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 39:384-393. [PMID: 32372532 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS This study prospectively investigates behavioural and social antecedents of different patterns of adolescent cannabis use, specifically, early adolescent onset cannabis use and late onset occasional use. DESIGN AND METHODS The sample comprised 852 adolescents (53% female) drawn from the Australian arm of the International Youth Development Study. Data were collected via self-report surveys. Risk and protective factors from a modified version of the Communities That Care youth survey were measured in fifth grade (mean [M] = 10.9 years, SD = 0.4). Frequency of cannabis use was measured at six time-points throughout adolescence (ages 12-19 years). RESULTS Early adolescent onset cannabis use (10.7% of the sample [n = 91]) was predicted by childhood family-related factors including poor family management, family history of antisocial behaviour and attachment to parents. Cigarette use and drinking until drunk were the strongest predictors of early adolescent onset cannabis use. Cumulative risks associated with community, family, peer/individual environments and early substance use (cigarettes, alcohol) in childhood were predictive of early adolescent onset cannabis use (e.g. relative risk ratio = 2.64; 95% confidence interval 1.40-4.97 for early substance use). Family and early substance use-related cumulative risks were predictive of late adolescent onset occasional cannabis use (n = 231; 27%). Cumulative early substance use risk was the strongest independent predictor of both early adolescent onset and late adolescent onset occasional cannabis use. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Primary prevention efforts should focus on reducing exposure and access to licit substances during late childhood and delaying the onset of use. Prevention and intervention targeted toward the family environment also appears likely to be important in the prevention of early adolescent onset cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty E Scholes-Balog
- Learning Sciences Institute Australia and School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sheryl A Hemphill
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Education, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessica A Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - George C Patton
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Heerde JA, Pallotta-Chiarolli M. “I’ve seen my friend get chopped”: The Influence of Peer Networks on Exposure to Violence Among Homeless Young Adults. Journal of Adolescent Research 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0743558420913479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Homeless young adults report being exposed to substantial violence and victimization. This often arises through street culture and norms associated with subcultures of violent behavior. In this exploratory study, we applied a decolonizing lens to conduct semi-structured interviews with 18 young adults experiencing homelessness in Victoria, Australia. In this study, we provide a contemporary description of peer relationships among homeless young adults. We examine how these relationships influence exposure to violence, and how young adults perceive and respond to injuries sustained by their peers because of exposure to violence. Findings showed bonds and relationships between homeless young adults appear to imitate the rapport and functions of sibling-kinship that typically exist in supportive family environments. Despite the care and protection provided within close peer relationships, these relationships may also contribute to exposure to violence by way of young adults witnessing violence perpetration and incidences of peers being physically victimized. There is an important duality between the perceived normalization of witnessing peers’ experiences of violence and young adults’ self-reflexive disclosure of vulnerability and helplessness in witnessing these incidents. Study findings have important research and practice implications for recognizing the influence and importance of peer relationships in the delivery of homelessness support programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Heerde
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Heerde JA, Bailey JA, Toumbourou JW, Rowland B, Catalano RF. Prevalence of homelessness and co-occurring problems: A comparison of young adults in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States. Child Youth Serv Rev 2020; 109:10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104692. [PMID: 32139951 PMCID: PMC7058145 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Homelessness is associated with various co-occurring health and social problems yet; few contemporary international studies have examined these problems in young adulthood. This descriptive study presents cross-state comparison of the prevalence of young adult homelessness in Washington State, USA and Victoria, Australia using state representative samples from the International Youth Development Study (IYDS; n = 1,945, 53% female). Associations between young adult homelessness and a range of co-occurring problems were examined using a modified version of the Communities That Care youth survey. Results showed significantly higher rates of past year homelessness were reported by young adults in Washington State (5.24% vs. 3.25% in Victoria). Cross-state differences were evident in levels of friends' drug use, antisocial behavior, weekly income and support from peers. Unemployment (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 2.67), antisocial behavior (AOR = 3.54) and victimization (AOR = 3.37) were more likely among young adults reporting homelessness in both states. Young adults with higher weekly income were less likely to report homelessness (AOR = .69) in both states. No significant association between mental health problem symptoms, substance use, family conflict or interaction with antisocial peers and homelessness were found in either state. Rates of violent behavior were more strongly related to young adult homelessness in Washington State than Victoria. The current findings suggest that programs that enable young adults to pursue income and employment, reduce antisocial behavior and include services for those who have been victimized, may help to mitigate harm among young adults experiencing homelessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, USA
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia
| | | | - Richard F Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
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Abstract
This study sought to appraise internationally published literature investigating bullying in its association with deliberate self-harm (DSH). A systematic review and series of meta-analyses using random effects models were conducted. A total of 68 effect sizes, analyzing data from 156,284 adolescents aged 11-19 years were examined. Results showed significant associations between both traditional bullying perpetration (OR 1.81, 95% CI [1.33, 2.47], p < .0001) and victimization (OR 2.34, 95% CI [1.89, 2.89], p < .0001) and DSH. Cyber-bullying victimization (OR 3.55, 95% CI [2.71, 4.65], p < .0001) and the co-occurrence of traditional and cyber-bullying victimization (OR 3.39, 95% CI [1.56, 7.37], p = .002) were also associated with DSH. Moderator analyses showed variation in results based on methodological- and sample-level variables. Findings suggested that exposure to bullying, either as perpetrators or victims, poses risks for DSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Heerde
- a Department of Paediatrics , The University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Parkville , VIC , Australia
| | - Sheryl A Hemphill
- b The University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Deakin University , Parkville , VIC , Australia
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19
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Heerde JA, Curtis A, Bailey JA, Smith R, Hemphill SA, Toumbourou JW. Reciprocal associations between early adolescent antisocial behavior and depressive symptoms: A longitudinal study in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States. J Crim Justice 2019; 62:74-86. [PMID: 31371840 PMCID: PMC6675470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reciprocal prospective associations between adolescent antisocial behavior and depressive symptoms were examined. METHODS Seventh grade students (average age 13 years; N=2,314/2,348) were surveyed (T1), and then followed-up 12 (T2) and 24 months (T3) later, using the same methods in Washington State and Victoria, Australia. RESULTS Negative binomial regressions showed antisocial behavior (T1, T2) did not prospectively predict depressive symptoms (T2, T3). T1 multivariate predictors for T2 depressive symptoms included female gender (incident rate ratio [IRR] = 1.70), prior depressive symptoms (IRR = 1.06), alcohol use (IRR = 1.13), family conflict (IRR = 1.13), antisocial peers (IRR = 1.08) and bullying victimization (IRR = 1.06). Depressive symptoms (T1, T2) did not predict antisocial behavior (T2, T3). T1 multivariate predictors for T2 antisocial behavior included female gender (IRR = .96), age (IRR = .97), prior antisocial behavior (IRR = 1.32), alcohol use (IRR = 1.04), antisocial peers (IRR = 1.11) and academic failure (IRR = 1.03). CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms and antisocial behaviors showed considerable predictive stability in early adolescence but were not reciprocally related. Prevention and intervention strategies in adolescence may benefit by targeting common predictors such as alcohol, peer interactions and early symptoms for depression and antisocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne; Honorary Research Fellow, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Australia
| | - Ashlee Curtis
- Centre for Drug use, Addictive, and Anti-social Behaviour Research, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, USA
| | - Rachel Smith
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Honorary Research Fellow, The University of Melbourne, Australia: rachel
| | - Sheryl A. Hemphill
- The University of Melbourne; Honorary Fellow Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Adjunct Professor, La Trobe University: Australia
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Australia
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Heerde JA, Bailey JA, Toumbourou JW, Catalano RF. Longitudinal Associations Between the Adolescent Family Environment and Young Adult Substance Use in Australia and the United States. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:821. [PMID: 31780972 PMCID: PMC6861438 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Harmful alcohol and cannabis use are social concerns associated with a range of negative outcomes. Prior research has identified links between disrupted parent-child attachment and child-adolescent substance use. Materials and Methods: This study used cross-national data from the International Youth Development Study (IYDS; Victoria, Australia and Washington State, USA) to investigate the relationship between early adolescent family environment characteristics, mid-adolescent attachment to parents, and young adult harmful alcohol and cannabis use. The moderating role of state on these relationships was also tested. State-representative samples of students in Grade 7 (age 13, 2002) were recruited and followed longitudinally at ages 14, 15, and 25 (n = 1,945, 53% female, 50% in Victoria). Results: Cross-state differences were evident in levels of family management, parent attitudes favorable to drug use, sibling alcohol and cannabis use, attachment to parents, and past year alcohol and cannabis use. Significantly higher rates of problematic alcohol use were reported by young adults in Victoria (25% vs. 14% in Washington State). Young adults in Washington State reported significantly higher rates of problematic cannabis use (14% vs. 10% in Victoria). Path modeling showed that characteristics of positive family environments (e.g., low conflict) in early adolescence were associated with higher attachment to parents and lower alcohol and cannabis use in mid-adolescence. Sibling substance use and more favorable parent attitudes to drug use were associated with past year alcohol and cannabis use in mid-adolescence. Results showed higher attachment to parents in mid-adolescence did not uniquely predict lower problematic alcohol or cannabis use in young adulthood. No significant cross-state differences in this pattern of associations were found. Discussion: The implications of the current findings suggest that prevention and intervention strategies targeted at reducing problematic substance use into young adulthood may benefit from considering the influence of behavioral norms and attitudes in family relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Population Health Studies of Adolescents, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Population Health Studies of Adolescents, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard F Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Heerde JA, Hemphill SA. Examination of associations between informal help-seeking behavior, social support, and adolescent psychosocial outcomes: A meta-analysis. Developmental Review 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Heerde JA, Hemphill SA, Scholes-Balog KE. The impact of transitional programmes on post-transition outcomes for youth leaving out-of-home care: a meta-analysis. Health Soc Care Community 2018; 26:e15-e30. [PMID: 27109440 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Youth residing in out-of-home care settings have often been exposed to childhood trauma, and commonly report experiencing adverse outcomes after transitioning from care. This meta-analysis appraised internationally published literature investigating the impact of transitional programme participation (among youth with a baseline age of 15-24 years) on post-transition outcomes of housing, education, employment, mental health and substance use. A comprehensive search of sociology (e.g. ProQuest Sociology), psychology (e.g. PsycInfo) and health (e.g. ProQuest Family Health) electronic abstraction databases was conducted for the period 1990-2014. Search terms included 'out-of-home care', 'transition', 'housing', 'education', 'employment', 'mental health' and 'substance use'. Nineteen studies, all from the United States, met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Living independently and homelessness were the most commonly described housing outcomes. Rates of post-transition employment varied, while rates of post-secondary education were low. Depression and alcohol use were commonly reported among transitioning youth. Findings of the meta-analysis showed that attention should be given to the potential benefit of transitional programme participation on outcomes such as housing, employment and education. Moderator analyses showed that these benefits may differ based on study design, sample size and sampling unit, but not for mean age or gender. Detailed and rigorous research is needed internationally to examine the characteristics of transitional programmes resulting in more successful outcomes for youth, and whether these outcomes are sustained longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Heerde
- Learning Sciences Institute Australia, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheryl A Hemphill
- Learning Sciences Institute Australia, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsty E Scholes-Balog
- Learning Sciences Institute Australia, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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Jung H, Herrenkohl TI, Lee JO, Hemphill SA, Heerde JA, Skinner ML. Gendered Pathways From Child Abuse to Adult Crime Through Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors in Childhood and Adolescence. J Interpers Violence 2017; 32:2724-2750. [PMID: 26264725 PMCID: PMC4991959 DOI: 10.1177/0886260515596146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Gender differences in externalizing and internalizing pathways from child abuse to adult crime were examined across four waves of an extended longitudinal study ( N = 186 males and 170 females) using multiple-group structural equation modeling. Results show that child abuse was associated with both internalizing and externalizing behaviors in the elementary school years for both males and females. However, gender differences were found such that internalizing behaviors increased the risk of adult crime for females only, and externalizing behaviors increased the risk of adult crime for males only. Internalizing behaviors among males actually lessened the risk of adult crime, and externalizing behaviors were unrelated to adult crime among females. Findings confirm distinct pathways leading from child abuse to later crime for males and females, which is important for prevention and intervention strategies.
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Heerde JA, Hemphill SA. Sexual Risk Behaviors, Sexual Offenses, and Sexual Victimization Among Homeless Youth: A Systematic Review of Associations With Substance Use. Trauma Violence Abuse 2016; 17:468-489. [PMID: 25985990 DOI: 10.1177/1524838015584371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of substances among youth experiencing homelessness is an important issue in the context of addressing the developing burden of morbidities arising due to illness, injury, physical and mental health concerns, and low rates of health care utilization among this population group. Youth experiencing homelessness report engaging in and being victimized by various forms of sexual behavior. Of interest in this systematic review were published studies investigating substance use in its association with perpetration of sexual offenses, engagement in sexual risk behavior, or experience of sexual victimization among homeless youth. A systematic search of 12 psychology, health, and social science electronic databases was conducted. Search terms included "homeless*," "youth," "sex crimes," "sexual victimization," "survival sex," "rape," "drugs," and "substance abuse." Twenty-three studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria. No studies statistically examining substance use in its association with perpetrating sexual offenses were located. Findings showed substance use was generally associated with sexual risk behavior or sexual victimization; however, it remains unclear whether substance use precedes or follows these behaviors and experiences. It is possible substances are used by homeless youth as a means of coping with sexual risk behavior and victimization. Implications of the review findings in relation to prevention and intervention approaches aimed to decrease the incidence and severity of health concerns among homeless youth are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Heerde
- Learning Sciences Institute Australia, Faculty of Education and Arts, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheryl A Hemphill
- Learning Sciences Institute Australia, Faculty of Education and Arts, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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Hemphill SA, Heerde JA, Scholes-Balog KE. Risk Factors and Risk-Based Protective Factors for Violent Offending: A Study of Young Victorians. J Crim Justice 2016; 45:94-100. [PMID: 27325904 PMCID: PMC4912019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aims to examine risk factors and risk-based and interactive protective factors for violent offending in a group of 437 young Australians. METHODS Participants were recruited into the study when they were in Grade 5 (10-11 years) and followed up almost annually until young adulthood (18-19 years). Measures of violent offending, risk and protective factors, and demographics were obtained through a modification of the Communities That Care youth survey. The data collected enabled identification of groups of students at-risk of violent offending according to drug use, low family socioeconomic status, and antisocial behavior. RESULTS Results showed that there were very few associations between the risk factors and risk-based protective factors measured in this study (e.g., belief in the moral order, religiosity, peer recognition for prosocial involvement, attachment to parents, low commitment to school, and poor academic performance) and later self-reported violent offending. There were no statistically significant interactive protective factors. CONCLUSIONS Further longitudinal analyses with large sample sizes are needed to examine risk factors and risk-based protective factors and interactive protective factors in at-risk groups. The findings support the need for multi-faceted prevention and early intervention approaches that target multiple aspects of youth's lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl A Hemphill
- Learning Sciences Institute Australia and School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; & School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Jessica A Heerde
- Learning Sciences Institute Australia, Australian Catholic University
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Heerde JA, Toumbourou JW, Hemphill SA, Herrenkohl TI, Patton GC, Catalano RF. Incidence and Course of Adolescent Deliberate Self-Harm in Victoria, Australia, and Washington State. J Adolesc Health 2015; 57:537-44. [PMID: 26499859 PMCID: PMC4621461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There have been few longitudinal studies of deliberate self-harm (DSH) in adolescents. This cross-national longitudinal study outlines risk and protective factors for DSH incidence and persistence. METHODS Seventh and ninth grade students (average ages 13 and 15 years) were recruited as state-representative cohorts, surveyed, and then followed up 12 months later (N = 3,876), using the same methods in Washington State and Victoria, Australia. The retention rate was 99% in both states at follow-up. A range of risk and protective factors for DSH were examined using multivariate analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of DSH in the past year was 1.53% in Grade 7 and .91% in Grade 9 for males and 4.12% and 1.34% for Grade 7 and Grade 9 females, respectively, with similar rates across states. In multivariate analyses, incident DSH was lower in Washington State (odds ratio [OR] = .67; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .45-1.00) relative to Victoria 12 months later. Risk factors for incident DSH included being female (OR = 1.93; CI = 1.35-2.76), high depressive symptoms (OR = 3.52; CI = 2.37-5.21), antisocial behavior (OR = 2.42; CI = 1.46-4.00), and lifetime (OR = 1.85; CI = 1.11-3.08) and past month (OR = 2.70; CI = 1.57-4.64) alcohol use relative to never using alcohol. CONCLUSIONS Much self-harm in adolescents resolves over the course of 12 months. Young people who self-harm have high rates of other health risk behaviors associated with family and peer risks that may all be targets for preventive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Heerde
- Post-doctoral Research Associate, Learning Sciences Institute Australia, Australian Catholic University, 115 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong Waterfront Campus, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- Professor and Chair in Health Psychology, Prevention Sciences, School of Psychology and Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong Waterfront Campus, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia and Centre for Adolescent Health; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Flemington, 3031, Australia
| | - Sheryl A. Hemphill
- Program Director, Learning Sciences Institute Australia and Professor, School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University; 115 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065; Centre for Adolescent Health; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, and School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Todd I. Herrenkohl
- Professor, Co-Director, 3DL Partnership and Professor, University of Washington School of Social Work, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115
| | - George C. Patton
- Professor, Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Flemington, 3031, Australia
| | - Richard F. Catalano
- Bartley Dobb Professor for the Study and Prevention of Violence, and Director, Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115
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Hemphill SA, Heerde JA, Herrenkohl TI, Farrington DP. Within-individual versus between-individual predictors of antisocial behaviour: A longitudinal study of young people in Victoria, Australia. Aust N Z J Criminol 2015; 48:429-445. [PMID: 28123186 DOI: 10.1177/0004865815589829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In an influential 2002 paper, Farrington and colleagues argued that to understand 'causes' of delinquency, within-individual analyses of longitudinal data are required (compared to the vast majority of analyses that have focused on between-individual differences). The current paper aimed to complete similar analyses to those conducted by Farrington and colleagues by focusing on the developmental correlates and risk factors for antisocial behaviour and by comparing within-individual and between-individual predictors of antisocial behaviour using data from the youngest Victorian cohort of the International Youth Development Study, a state-wide representative sample of 927 students from Victoria, Australia. Data analysed in the current paper are from participants in Year 6 (age 11-12 years) in 2003 to Year 11 (age 16-17 years) in 2008 (N = 791; 85% retention) with data collected almost annually. Participants completed a self-report survey of risk and protective factors and antisocial behaviour. Complete data were available for 563 participants. The results of this study showed all but one of the forward- (family conflict) and backward-lagged (low attachment to parents) correlations were statistically significant for the within-individual analyses compared with all analyses being statistically significant for the between-individual analyses. In general, between-individual correlations were greater in magnitude than within-individual correlations. Given that forward-lagged within-individual correlations provide more salient measures of causes of delinquency, it is important that longitudinal studies with multi-wave data analyse and report their data using both between-individual and within-individual correlations to inform current prevention and early intervention programs seeking to reduce rates of antisocial behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl A Hemphill
- Learning Sciences Institute Australia and School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Australia & School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Jessica A Heerde
- Learning Sciences Institute Australia, Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | - Todd I Herrenkohl
- 3DL Partnership & Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, USA
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Hemphill SA, Tollit M, Kotevski A, Heerde JA. Predictors of Traditional and Cyber-Bullying Victimization: A Longitudinal Study of Australian Secondary School Students. J Interpers Violence 2015; 30:2567-2590. [PMID: 25315480 DOI: 10.1177/0886260514553636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present article is to compare the individual, peer, family, and school risk and protective factors for both traditional and cyber-bullying victimization. This article draws on data from 673 students from Victoria, Australia, to examine Grade 7 (aged 12-13 years) predictors of traditional and cyber-bullying victimization in Grade 9 (aged 14-15 years). Participants completed a modified version of the Communities That Care youth survey. There were few similarities and important differences in the predictors of traditional and cyber-bullying victimization. For Grade 9 cyber-bullying victimization, in the fully adjusted model, having been a victim of traditional bullying in Grade 7 and emotional control in Grade 7 were predictors. For Grade 9 traditional bullying victimization, predictors were Grade 7 traditional bullying victimization, association with antisocial peers, and family conflict, with family attachment and emotional control marginally statistically significant. The use of evidence-based bullying prevention programs is supported to reduce experiences of both traditional and cyber-bullying victimization, as is the implementation of programs to assist students to regulate their emotions effectively. In addition, traditional bullying victimization may be reduced by addressing association with antisocial friends, family conflict, and bonding to families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl A Hemphill
- Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia The University of Melbourne & Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Australia
| | - Michelle Tollit
- Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aneta Kotevski
- Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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Heerde JA, Scholes-Balog KE, Hemphill SA. Associations between youth homelessness, sexual offenses, sexual victimization, and sexual risk behaviors: a systematic literature review. Arch Sex Behav 2015; 44:181-212. [PMID: 25411128 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-014-0375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Homeless youth commonly report engaging in sexual risk behaviors. These vulnerable young people also frequently report being sexually victimized. This systematic review collates, summarizes, and appraises published studies of youth investigating relationships between homelessness, perpetration of sexual offenses, experience of sexual victimization, and engagement in sexual risk behavior. A systematic search of seventeen psychology, health, and social science electronic databases was conducted. Search terms included "homeless*," "youth," "offend*," "victimization," "crime," "rape," "victim*," and "sex crimes." Thirty-eight studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria. Findings showed homeless youth commonly report being raped and sexually assaulted, fear being sexually victimized, and engage in street prostitution and survival sex. Rates of victimization and sexual risk behavior were generally higher for females. Given the paucity of longitudinal studies and limitations of current studies, it is unclear whether homelessness is prospectively associated with sexual victimization or engagement in sexual risk behavior, and whether such associations vary cross nationally and as a function of time and place. Future prospective research examining the influence of the situational context of homelessness is necessary to develop a better understanding of how homelessness influences the perpetration of sexual offenses, experience of sexual victimization, and engagement in sexual risk behavior among homeless youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Heerde
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Australian Catholic University, 115 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia,
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Hemphill SA, Heerde JA. Adolescent predictors of young adult cyberbullying perpetration and victimization among Australian youth. J Adolesc Health 2014; 55:580-7. [PMID: 24939014 PMCID: PMC4295930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the current article was to examine the adolescent risk and protective factors (at the individual, peer group, and family level) for young adult cyberbullying perpetration and victimization. METHODS Data from 2006 (Grade 9) to 2010 (young adulthood) were analyzed from a community sample of 927 Victorian students originally recruited as a statewide representative sample in Grade 5 (age, 10-11 years) in 2002 and followed-up to age 18-19 years in 2010 (N = 809). Participants completed a self-report survey on adolescent risk and protective factors and traditional and cyberbullying perpetration and victimization and young adult cyberbullying perpetration and victimization. RESULTS As young adults, 5.1% self-reported cyberbullying perpetration only, 5.0% reported cyberbullying victimization only, and 9.5% reported both cyberbullying perpetration and victimization. In fully adjusted logistic regression analyses, the adolescent predictors of cyberbullying perpetration only were traditional bullying perpetration, traditional bullying perpetration and victimization, and poor family management. For young adulthood cyberbullying victimization only, the adolescent predictor was emotion control. The adolescent predictors for young adult cyberbullying perpetration and victimization were traditional bullying perpetration and cyberbullying perpetration and victimization. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this study, possible targets for prevention and early intervention are reducing adolescent involvement in (traditional or cyber) bullying through the development of social skills and conflict resolution skills. In addition, another important prevention target is to support families with adolescents to ensure that they set clear rules and monitor adolescents' behavior. Universal programs that assist adolescents to develop skills in emotion control are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl A Hemphill
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jessica A Heerde
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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Hemphill SA, Heerde JA, Scholes-Balog KE, Smith R, Herrenkohl TI, Toumbourou JW, Catalano RF. Reassessing the Effects of Early Adolescent Alcohol Use on Later Antisocial Behavior: A Longitudinal Study of Students in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States. J Early Adolesc 2014; 34:360-386. [PMID: 25132702 PMCID: PMC4130419 DOI: 10.1177/0272431613491830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The effect of early adolescent alcohol use on antisocial behavior was examined at one- and two-year follow-up in Washington, United States and Victoria, Australia. Each state used the same methods to survey statewide representative samples of students (N = 1,858, 52% female) in 2002 (Grade 7 [G7]), 2003 (Grade 8 [G8]), and 2004 (Grade 9 [G9]). Rates of lifetime, current, frequent, and heavy episodic alcohol use were higher in Victoria than Washington State, whereas rates of five antisocial behaviors were generally comparable across states. After controlling for established risk factors, few associations between alcohol use and antisocial behavior remained, except that G7 current use predicted G8 police arrests and stealing and G9 carrying a weapon and stealing; G7 heavy episodic use predicted G8 and G9 police arrests; and G7 lifetime use predicted G9 carrying a weapon. Hence, risk factors other than alcohol were stronger predictors of antisocial behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica A Heerde
- School of Psychology, Deakin University & School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University
| | | | - Rachel Smith
- Centre for Adolescent Health, The University of Melbourne & Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
| | - Todd I Herrenkohl
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - John W Toumbourou
- School of Psychology and Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing Research, Deakin University
| | - Richard F Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
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Scholes-Balog KE, Heerde JA, Hemphill SA. Alcohol warning labels: unlikely to affect alcohol-related beliefs and behaviours in adolescents. Aust N Z J Public Health 2012; 36:524-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2012.00934.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Hemphill SA, Heerde JA, Herrenkohl TI, Toumbourou JW, Catalano RF. The impact of school suspension on student tobacco use: a longitudinal study in Victoria, Australia, and Washington State, United States. Health Educ Behav 2012; 39:45-56. [PMID: 21586667 PMCID: PMC3158957 DOI: 10.1177/1090198111406724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT School suspension may have unintended consequences in contributing to problem behaviors, including dropping out from school, substance use, and antisocial behavior. Tobacco use is an early-onset problem behavior, but prospective studies of the effects of suspension on tobacco use are lacking. METHOD Longitudinal school-based survey of students drawn as a two-stage cluster sample, administered in 2002 and 2003, in Washington State, United States, and Victoria, Australia. The study uses statewide representative samples of students in Grades 7 and 9 (N = 3,599). RESULTS Rates of tobacco use were higher for Victorian than Washington State students. School suspension remained a predictor of current tobacco use at 12-month follow-up, after controlling for established risk factors including prior tobacco and other drug use for Grade 7 but not Grade 9 students. CONCLUSIONS School suspension is associated with early adolescent tobacco use, itself an established predictor of adverse outcomes in young people. Findings suggest the need to explore process mechanisms and alternatives to school suspensions as a response to challenging student behavior in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl A. Hemphill
- Professor, School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065; Associate Professor, Centre for Adolescent Health, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052; Senior Research Fellow, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, 2 Gatehouse Street, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia;
| | - Jessica A. Heerde
- Research Assistant, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong Waterfront Campus, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia:
| | - Todd I. Herrenkohl
- Associate Professor, Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115: ; phone: 206-221-7873; fax: 206-543-4507
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- Professor and Chair, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong Waterfront Campus, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia:
| | - Richard F. Catalano
- Bartley Dobb Professor for the Study and Prevention of Violence, School of Social Work, and Director, Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115: ; phone: 206-543-6382; fax: 206-543-4507
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Hemphill SA, Heerde JA, Herrenkohl TI, Patton GC, Toumbourou JW, Catalano RF. Risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use in washington state, the United States and Victoria, Australia: a longitudinal study. J Adolesc Health 2011; 49:312-20. [PMID: 21856525 PMCID: PMC3032384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the levels of risk and protective factors and the predictive influence of these factors on alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use over a 12-month follow-up period in Washington State in the United States and in Victoria, Australia. METHOD The study involved a longitudinal school-based survey of students drawn as a two-stage cluster sample recruited through schools, and administered in the years 2002 and 2003 in both states. The study used statewide representative samples of students in the seventh and ninth grades (n = 3,876) in Washington State and Victoria. RESULTS Washington State students, relative to Victorian students, had higher rates of cannabis use but lower rates of alcohol and tobacco use at time 1. Levels of risk and protective factors showed few but important differences that contribute to the explanation of differences in substance use; Washington State students, relative to Victorian students, reported higher religiosity (odds ratio, .96 vs. .79) and availability of handguns (odds ratio, 1.23 vs. 1.18), but less favorable peer, community, and parental attitudes to substance use. The associations with substance use at follow-up are generally comparable, but in many instances were weaker in Washington State. CONCLUSIONS Levels of risk and protective factors and their associations with substance use at follow-up were mostly similar in the two states. Further high-quality longitudinal studies to establish invariance in the relations between risk and protective factors and substance use in adolescence across diverse countries are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl A. Hemphill
- Associate Professor, Centre for Adolescent Health, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Senior Research Fellow; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, 2 Gatehouse Street, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Jessica A. Heerde
- Research Assistant, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong Waterfront Campus, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Todd I. Herrenkohl
- Associate Professor, Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115
| | - George C. Patton
- Professor, Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, 2 Gatehouse Street, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- Professor and Chair, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | - Richard F. Catalano
- Director and Professor, Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115
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