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Ruchaya PJ, Lewis-McDougall FC, Sornkarn N, Amin S, Grimsdell B, Shaalan A, Gritti G, Soe KT, Clark JE, Ellison-Hughes GM. Transplantation of Skeletal Muscle-Derived Sca-1 +/PW1 +/Pax7 - Interstitial Cells (PICs) Improves Cardiac Function and Attenuates Remodeling in Mice Subjected to Myocardial Infarction. Cells 2022; 11:4050. [PMID: 36552813 PMCID: PMC9776789 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that skeletal muscle-derived Sca-1+/PW1+/Pax7- interstitial cells (PICs) are multi-potent and enhance endogenous repair and regeneration. Here, we investigated the regenerative potential of PICs following intramyocardial transplantation in mice subjected to an acute myocardial infarction (MI). MI was induced through the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in 8-week old male C57BL/6 mice. 5 × 105 eGFP-labelled PICs (MI + PICs; n = 7) or PBS (MI-PBS; n = 7) were injected intramyocardially into the border zone. Sham mice (n = 8) were not subjected to MI, or the transplantation of PICs or PBS. BrdU was administered via osmotic mini-pump for 14 days. Echocardiography was performed prior to surgery (baseline), and 1-, 3- and 6-weeks post-MI and PICs transplantation. Mice were sacrificed at 6 weeks post-MI + PICs transplantation, and heart sections were analysed for fibrosis, hypertrophy, engraftment, proliferation, and differentiation of PICs. A significant (p < 0.05) improvement in ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening was observed in the MI-PICs group, compared to MI + PBS group at 6-weeks post MI + PICs transplantation. Infarct size/fibrosis of the left ventricle significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the MI-PICs group (14.0 ± 2.5%), compared to the MI-PBS group (32.8 ± 2.2%). Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in the border zone significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the MI-PICs group compared to the MI-PBS group (330.0 ± 28.5 µM2 vs. 543.5 ± 26.6 µm2), as did cardiomyocyte apoptosis (0.6 ± 0.9% MI-PICs vs. 2.8 ± 0.8% MI-PBS). The number of BrdU+ cardiomyocytes was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the infarct/border zone of the MI-PICs group (7.0 ± 3.3%), compared to the MI-PBS group (1.7 ± 0.5%). The proliferation index (total BrdU+ cells) was significantly increased in the MI-PICs group compared to the MI-PBS group (27.0 ± 3.4% vs. 7.6 ± 1.0%). PICs expressed and secreted pro-survival and reparative growth factors, supporting a paracrine effect of PICs during recovery/remodeling. Skeletal muscle-derived PICs show significant reparative potential, attenuating cardiac remodelling following transplantation into the infarcted myocardium. PICs can be easily sourced from skeletal muscle and therefore show promise as a potential cell candidate for supporting the reparative and regenerative effects of cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant J Ruchaya
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- School of Health, Sport and Biosciences, Stratford Campus, University of East London, London E16 2RD, UK
| | - Fiona C. Lewis-McDougall
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Nitiphat Sornkarn
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Sachin Amin
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Benjamin Grimsdell
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Abeer Shaalan
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Guilia Gritti
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Kyi Thar Soe
- School of Health, Sport and Biosciences, Stratford Campus, University of East London, London E16 2RD, UK
| | - James E. Clark
- Rayne Institute, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Campus, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Georgina M. Ellison-Hughes
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Advances in Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9110696. [DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering has paved the way for the development of artificial human cardiac muscle patches (hCMPs) and cardiac tissue analogs, especially for treating Myocardial infarction (MI), often by increasing its regenerative abilities. Low engraftment rates, insufficient clinical application scalability, and the creation of a functional vascular system remain obstacles to hCMP implementation in clinical settings. This paper will address some of these challenges, present a broad variety of heart cell types and sources that can be applied to hCMP biomanufacturing, and describe some new innovative methods for engineering such treatments. It is also important to note the injection/transplantation of cells in cardiac tissue engineering.
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Mahmud S, Alam S, Emon NU, Boby UH, Kamruzzaman, Ahmed F, Monjur-Al-Hossain ASM, Tahamina A, Rudra S, Ajrin M. Opportunities and challenges in stem cell therapy in cardiovascular diseases: Position standing in 2022. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:1360-1371. [PMID: 36249945 PMCID: PMC9563042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study intends to evaluate the development, importance, pre-clinical and clinical study evaluation of stem cell therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of fatality in the whole world. Though there are great progressions in the pharmacological and other interventional treatment options, heart diseases remain a common disorder that causes long-term warnings. Recent accession promotes the symptoms and slows down the adverse effects regarding cardiac remodelling. But they cannot locate the problems of immutable loss of cardiac tissues. In this case, stem cell treatment holds a promising challenge. Stem cells are the cells that are capable of differentiating into many cells according to their needs. So, it is assumed that these cells can distinguish into many cells and if these cells can be individualized into cardiac cells then they can be used to replace the damaged tissues of the heart. There is some abridgment in this therapy, none the less stem cell therapy remains a hopeful destination in the treatment of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnur Mahmud
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Safaet Alam
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Nazim Uddin Emon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Umme Habiba Boby
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Kamruzzaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - A S M Monjur-Al-Hossain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Afroza Tahamina
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Sajib Rudra
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Marzina Ajrin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh
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Transcriptomic Profile of Genes Regulating the Structural Organization of Porcine Atrial Cardiomyocytes during Primary In Vitro Culture. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071205. [PMID: 35885988 PMCID: PMC9319992 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous cardiovascular diseases (CVD) eventually lead to severe myocardial dysfunction, which is the most common cause of death worldwide. A better understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular pathologies seems to be crucial to develop effective therapeutic options. Therefore, a worthwhile endeavor is a detailed molecular characterization of cells extracted from the myocardium. A transcriptomic profile of atrial cardiomyocytes during long-term primary cell culture revealed the expression patterns depending on the duration of the culture and the heart segment of origin (right atrial appendage and right atrium). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were classified as involved in ontological groups such as: “cellular component assembly”, “cellular component organization”, “cellular component biogenesis”, and “cytoskeleton organization”. Transcriptomic profiling allowed us to indicate the increased expression of COL5A2, COL8A1, and COL12A1, encoding different collagen subunits, pivotal in cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) structure. Conversely, genes important for cellular architecture, such as ABLIM1, TMOD1, XIRP1, and PHACTR1, were downregulated during in vitro culture. The culture conditions may create a favorable environment for reconstruction of the ECM structures, whereas they may be suboptimal for expression of some pivotal transcripts responsible for the formation of intracellular structures.
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Hade MD, Suire CN, Mossell J, Suo Z. Extracellular vesicles: Emerging frontiers in wound healing. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:2102-2125. [PMID: 35757979 DOI: 10.1002/med.21918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are membranous particles, ranging from 30 nm to 10 µm in diameter, which are released by nearly all cell types to aid in intercellular communication. These complex vesicles carry a multitude of signaling moieties from their cell of origin, such as proteins, lipids, cell surface receptors, enzymes, cytokines, metabolites, and nucleic acids. A growing body of evidence suggests that in addition to delivering cargos into target cells to facilitate intercellular communication, extracellular vesicles may also play roles in such processes as cell differentiation and proliferation, angiogenesis, stress response, and immune signaling. As these vesicles have natural biocompatibility, stability in circulation, low toxicity, and low immunogenicity, and serve as efficient carriers of molecular cargos, these nanoparticles are ideal therapeutic candidates for regenerative medicine. Exploring and identifying the homeostatic functions of extracellular vesicles may facilitate the development of new regenerative therapies. In this review, we summarize the wound healing process, difficulties in stem cell therapies for regenerative medicine, and the applications of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles in improving and accelerating the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangesh D Hade
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Caitlin N Suire
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - James Mossell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Zucai Suo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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An Overview of the Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Myocardial Ischemic Injury: State of the Art and Translational Perspectives. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071165. [PMID: 35406729 PMCID: PMC8998015 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in western countries. Among cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction represents a life-threatening condition predisposing to the development of heart failure. In recent decades, much effort has been invested in studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and post-ischemic cardiac remodeling. These mechanisms include metabolic alterations, ROS overproduction, inflammation, autophagy deregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review article discusses the most recent evidence regarding the molecular basis of myocardial ischemic injury and the new potential therapeutic interventions for boosting cardioprotection and attenuating cardiac remodeling.
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Wan J, Zhou J, Fu L, Li Y, Zeng H, Xu X, Lv C, Jin H. Ascorbic Acid Inhibits Liver Cancer Growth and Metastasis in vitro and in vivo, Independent of Stemness Gene Regulation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:726015. [PMID: 34504430 PMCID: PMC8422961 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.726015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and clinical evidence has indicated that the natural product ascorbic acid (AA) is effective in preventing and treating various types of cancers. However, the effect of AA on liver cancer metastasis has not yet been reported. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play pivotal roles in cancer metastasis. Here, we demonstrated that AA selectively inhibited the viability of both liver cancer cells and CSCs, reduced the formation of cancer cell colonies and CSC spheres, and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Additionally, AA prevented liver cancer metastasis in a xenotransplantation model without suppressing stemness gene expression in liver CSCs. Further study indicated that AA increased the concentration of H2O2 and induced apoptosis in liver CSCs. Catalase attenuated the inhibitory effects of AA on liver CSC viability. In conclusion, AA inhibited the viability of liver CSCs and the growth and metastasis of liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by increasing the production of H2O2 and inducing apoptosis. Our findings provide evidence that AA exerts its anti-liver cancer efficacy in vitro and in vivo, in a manner that is independent of stemness gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huawu Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xike Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huizi Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Rugowska A, Starosta A, Konieczny P. Epigenetic modifications in muscle regeneration and progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:13. [PMID: 33468200 PMCID: PMC7814631 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a multisystemic disorder that affects 1:5000 boys. The severity of the phenotype varies dependent on the mutation site in the DMD gene and the resultant dystrophin expression profile. In skeletal muscle, dystrophin loss is associated with the disintegration of myofibers and their ineffective regeneration due to defective expansion and differentiation of the muscle stem cell pool. Some of these phenotypic alterations stem from the dystrophin absence-mediated serine-threonine protein kinase 2 (MARK2) misplacement/downregulation in activated muscle stem (satellite) cells and neuronal nitric oxide synthase loss in cells committed to myogenesis. Here, we trace changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and expression of regulatory noncoding RNAs during muscle regeneration, from the stage of satellite cells to myofibers. Furthermore, we describe the abrogation of these epigenetic regulatory processes due to changes in signal transduction in DMD and point to therapeutic treatments increasing the regenerative potential of diseased muscles based on this acquired knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rugowska
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alicja Starosta
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Patryk Konieczny
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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Wright WE, Li C, Zheng CX, Tucker HO. FOXP1 Interacts with MyoD to Repress its Transcription and Myoblast Conversion. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR SIGNALING 2021; 2:9-26. [PMID: 33554216 PMCID: PMC7861563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead transcription factors (TFs) often dimerize outside their extensive family, whereas bHLH transcription factors typically dimerize with E12/E47. Based on structural similarities, we predicted that a member of the former, Forkhead Box P1 (FOXP1), might heterodimerize with a member of the latter, MYOD1 (MyoD). Data shown here support this hypothesis and further demonstrate the specificity of this forkhead/myogenic interaction among other myogenic regulatory factors. We found that FOXP1-MyoD heterodimerization compromises the ability of MyoD to bind to E-boxes and to transactivate E box- containing promoters. We observed that FOXP1 is required for the full ability of MyoD to convert fibroblasts into myotubules. We provide a model in which FOXP1 displaces ID and E12/E47 to repress MyoD during the proliferative phase of myoblast differentiation. These data identify FOXP1 as a hitherto unsuspected transcriptional repressor of MyoD. We suggest that isolation of paired E-box and forkhead sites within 1 turn helical spacings provides potential for cooperative interactions among heretofore distinct classes of transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woodring E. Wright
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical School,
Dallas TX 75235, USA
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75235, USA
| | - Chang-xue Zheng
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the University of
Texas at Austin, Austin TX 78712, USA
| | - Haley O. Tucker
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the University of
Texas at Austin, Austin TX 78712, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to Haley O.
Tucker;
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He L, Chen X. Cardiomyocyte Induction and Regeneration for Myocardial Infarction Treatment: Cell Sources and Administration Strategies. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2001175. [PMID: 33000909 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Occlusion of coronary artery and subsequent damage or death of myocardium can lead to myocardial infarction (MI) and even heart failure-one of the leading causes of deaths world wide. Notably, myocardium has extremely limited regeneration potential due to the loss or death of cardiomyocytes (i.e., the cells of which the myocardium is comprised) upon MI. A variety of stem cells and stem cell-derived cardiovascular cells, in situ cardiac fibroblasts and endogenous proliferative epicardium, have been exploited to provide renewable cellular sources to treat injured myocardium. Also, different strategies, including direct injection of cell suspensions, bioactive molecules, or cell-incorporated biomaterials, and implantation of artificial cardiac scaffolds (e.g., cell sheets and cardiac patches), have been developed to deliver renewable cells and/or bioactive molecules to the MI site for the myocardium regeneration. This article briefly surveys cell sources and delivery strategies, along with biomaterials and their processing techniques, developed for MI treatment. Key issues and challenges, as well as recommendations for future research, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong He
- Department of Cell Biology Medical College of Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Division of Biomedical Engineering University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon S7N5A9 Canada
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Kang X, Zhao Y, Van Arsdell G, Nelson SF, Touma M. Ppp1r1b-lncRNA inhibits PRC2 at myogenic regulatory genes to promote cardiac and skeletal muscle development in mouse and human. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 26:481-491. [PMID: 31953255 PMCID: PMC7075267 DOI: 10.1261/rna.073692.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical epigenetic regulators and play important roles in cardiac development and congenital heart disease. In a previous study, we identified a novel lncRNA, Ppp1r1b, with expression highly correlated with myogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism that underlies Ppp1r1b-lncRNA function in myogenic regulation is unknown. By silencing Ppp1r1b-lncRNA, mouse C2C12 and human skeletal myoblasts failed to develop fully differentiated myotubes. Myogenic differentiation was also impaired in PPP1R1B-lncRNA deficient human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSCs-CMs). The expression of myogenic transcription factors, including MyoD, Myogenin, and Tbx5, as well as sarcomere proteins, was significantly suppressed in Ppp1r1b-lncRNA inhibited myoblast cells and neonatal mouse heart. Histone modification analysis revealed increased H3K27 tri-methylation at MyoD1 and Myogenin promoters in GapmeR treated C2C12 cells. Furthermore, Ppp1r1b-lncRNA was found to bind to Ezh2, and chromatin isolation by RNA purification (ChIRP) assay revealed enriched interaction of Ppp1r1b-lncRNA with Myod1 and Tbx5 promoters, suggesting that Ppp1r1b-lncRNA induces transcription of myogenic transcription factors by interacting with the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) at the chromatin interface. Correspondingly, the silencing of Ppp1r1b-lncRNA increased EZH2 binding at promoter regions of myogenic transcription factors. Therefore, our results suggest that Ppp1r1b-lncRNA promotes myogenic differentiation through competing for PRC2 binding with chromatin of myogenic master regulators during heart and skeletal muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Neonatal/Congenital Heart Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Neonatal/Congenital Heart Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Glen Van Arsdell
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Stanley F Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Marlin Touma
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Neonatal/Congenital Heart Laboratory, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Institute of Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- The Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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12
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Fiedorowicz K, Rozwadowska N, Zimna A, Malcher A, Tutak K, Szczerbal I, Nowicka-Bauer K, Nowaczyk M, Kolanowski TJ, Łabędź W, Kubaszewski Ł, Kurpisz M. Tissue-specific promoter-based reporter system for monitoring cell differentiation from iPSCs to cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1895. [PMID: 32024875 PMCID: PMC7002699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility of using stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes opens a new platform for modeling cardiac cell differentiation and disease or the development of new drugs. Progress in this field can be accelerated by high-throughput screening (HTS) technology combined with promoter reporter system. The goal of the study was to create and evaluate a responsive promoter reporter system that allows monitoring of iPSC differentiation towards cardiomyocytes. The lentiviral promoter reporter system was based on troponin 2 (TNNT2) and alpha cardiac actin (ACTC) with firefly luciferase and mCherry, respectively. The system was evaluated in two in vitro models. First, system followed the differentiation of TNNT2-luc-T2A-Puro-mCMV-GFP and hACTC-mcherry-WPRE-EF1-Neo from transduced iPSC line towards cardiomyocytes and revealed the significant decrease in both inserts copy number during the prolonged in vitro cell culture (confirmed by I-FISH, ddPCR, qPCR). Second, differentiated and contracting control cardiomyocytes (obtained from control non-reporter transduced iPSCs) were subsequently transduced with TNNT2-luc-T2A-Puro-CMV-GFP and hACTC-mcherry-WPRE-EF1-Neo lentiviruses to observe the functionality of obtained cardiomyocytes. Our results indicated that the reporter modified cell lines can be used for HTS applications, but it is essential to monitor the stability of the reporter sequence during extended cell in vitro culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnieszka Zimna
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Malcher
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tutak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Izabela Szczerbal
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Wojciech Łabędź
- Department of Spondyloortopaedics and Biomechanics of the Spine, W. Dega University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kubaszewski
- Department of Spondyloortopaedics and Biomechanics of the Spine, W. Dega University Hospital, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Kurpisz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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13
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Clinical Trials of Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency Treated with Oral Mucosal Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020411. [PMID: 31936462 PMCID: PMC7014181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The corneal surface is an essential organ necessary for vision, and its clarity must be maintained. The corneal epithelium is renewed by limbal stem cells, located in the limbus and in palisades of Vogt. Palisades of Vogt maintain the clearness of the corneal epithelium by blocking the growth of conjunctival epithelium and the invasion of blood vessels over the cornea. The limbal region can be damaged by chemical burns, physical damage (e.g., by contact lenses), congenital disease, chronic inflammation, or limbal surgeries. The degree of limbus damage is associated with the degree of limbal stem cells deficiency (partial or total). For a long time, the only treatment to restore vision was grafting part of the healthy cornea from the other eye of the patient or by transplanting a cornea from cadavers. The regenerative medicine and stem cell therapies have been applied to restore normal vision using different methodologies. The source of stem cells varies from embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, to induced pluripotent stem cells. This review focuses on the use of oral mucosa epithelial stem cells and their use in engineering cell sheets to treat limbal stem cell deficient patients.
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TONELLO SARAH, BORGHETTI MICHELA, LOPOMO NICOLAF, SERPELLONI MAURO, SARDINI EMILIO, MARZIANO MARIAGRAZIA, SERZANTI MARIALAURA, UBERTI DANIELA, DELL’ERA PATRIZIA, INVERARDI NICOLETTA, GUALANDI CHIARA, FOCARETE MARIALETIZIA. INK-JET PRINTED STRETCHABLE SENSORS FOR CELL MONITORING UNDER MECHANICAL STIMULI: A FEASIBILITY STUDY. J MECH MED BIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519419500490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Impedance-based sensors represent a promising tool for cell monitoring to improve current invasive biological assays. A novel research field is represented by measurements performed in dynamic conditions, monitoring cells (e.g., myocytes) for which the mechanical stimulus plays an important role for promoting maturation. In this picture, we applied printed and stretchable electronics principles, developing a system able to evaluate cells adhesion during substrate cyclic strain. Cytocompatible and stretchable sensors were ink-jet printed using carbon-based ink on crosslinked poly([Formula: see text]-caprolactone) electrospun mats. Moreover, a customized stretching device was produced, with a complete user interface to control testing condition, validated in order to correlate impedance changes with myoblasts — i.e., myocytes precursors — adhesion. Overall system sensitivity was evaluated using three different cell concentrations and DAPI imaging assay was performed to confirm myoblast adhesion. Preliminary results showed the possibility to correlate an average increase of impedance magnitude of 1[Formula: see text]k[Formula: see text] every 15,000 cells/cm2 seeded, suggesting the possibility to discriminate between different cell concentrations, with a sensitivity of 80[Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text]/(cells/cm2). In conclusion, the present system might be generalized in the development of future applications, including the differentiation process of cardiac myocytes with the aid of mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- SARAH TONELLO
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - MICHELA BORGHETTI
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - NICOLA F. LOPOMO
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - MAURO SERPELLONI
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - EMILIO SARDINI
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - MARIAGRAZIA MARZIANO
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - MARIALAURA SERZANTI
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - DANIELA UBERTI
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - PATRIZIA DELL’ERA
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - NICOLETTA INVERARDI
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - CHIARA GUALANDI
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - MARIA LETIZIA FOCARETE
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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15
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Gnecchi M. Cell Therapy for Heart Regeneration: Learning from the Past to Build a Brighter Future. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:702-704. [PMID: 30194808 PMCID: PMC6186267 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Gnecchi
- Coronary Care Unit & Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology for Cell and Molecular Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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16
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Berninger MT, Mohajerani P, Wildgruber M, Beziere N, Kimm MA, Ma X, Haller B, Fleming MJ, Vogt S, Anton M, Imhoff AB, Ntziachristos V, Meier R, Henning TD. Detection of intramyocardially injected DiR-labeled mesenchymal stem cells by optical and optoacoustic tomography. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2017; 6:37-47. [PMID: 28540184 PMCID: PMC5430154 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of intramyocardially injected rabbit MSCs, labeled with the near-infrared dye 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindotricarbo-cyanine-iodide (DiR) using hybrid Fluorescence Molecular Tomography-X-ray Computed Tomography (FMT-XCT) and Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography (MSOT) imaging technologies, was investigated. Viability and induction of apoptosis of DiR labeled MSCs were assessed by XTT- and Caspase-3/-7-testing in vitro. 2 × 106, 2 × 105 and 2 × 104 MSCs labeled with 5 and 10 μg DiR/ml were injected into fresh frozen rabbit hearts. FMT-XCT, MSOT and fluorescence cryosection imaging were performed. Concentrations up to 10 μg DiR/ml did not cause apoptosis in vitro (p > 0.05). FMT and MSOT imaging of labeled MSCs led to a strong signal. The imaging modalities highlighted a difference in cell distribution and concentration correlated to the number of injected cells. Ex-vivo cryosectioning confirmed the molecular fluorescence signal. FMT and MSOT are sensitive imaging techniques offering high-anatomic resolution in terms of detection and distribution of intramyocardially injected stem cells in a rabbit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus T. Berninger
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Murnau, Murnau, Germany
- Corresponding author at: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Murnau, Prof.-Küntscher-Strasse 8, 82418, Murnau, Germany.
| | - Pouyan Mohajerani
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Technische Universität München und Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Department of Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Beziere
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Technische Universität München und Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Melanie A. Kimm
- Department of Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiaopeng Ma
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Technische Universität München und Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Megan J. Fleming
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Vogt
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Anton
- Institute for Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research and Institute of Molecular Immunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas B. Imhoff
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Technische Universität München und Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Meier
- Department of Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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17
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Kagawa Y, Kino-oka M. An in silico prediction tool for the expansion culture of human skeletal muscle myoblasts. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160500. [PMID: 27853565 PMCID: PMC5098990 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative therapy using autologous skeletal myoblasts requires a large number of cells to be prepared for high-level secretion of cytokines and chemokines to induce good regeneration of damaged regions. However, myoblast expansion culture is hindered by a reduction in growth rate owing to cellular quiescence and differentiation, therefore optimization is required. We have developed a kinetic computational model describing skeletal myoblast proliferation and differentiation, which can be used as a prediction tool for the expansion process. In the model, myoblasts migrate, divide, quiesce and differentiate as observed during in vitro culture. We assumed cell differentiation initiates following cell-cell attachment for a defined time period. The model parameter values were estimated by fitting to several predetermined experimental datasets. Using an additional experimental dataset, we confirmed validity of the developed model. We then executed simulations using the developed model under several culture conditions and quantitatively predicted that non-uniform cell seeding had adverse effects on the expansion culture, mainly by reducing the existing ratio of proliferative cells. The proposed model is expected to be useful for predicting myoblast behaviours and in designing efficient expansion culture conditions for these cells.
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18
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Gómez-Mauricio G, Moscoso I, Martín-Cancho MF, Crisóstomo V, Prat-Vidal C, Báez-Díaz C, Sánchez-Margallo FM, Bernad A. Combined administration of mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing IGF-1 and HGF enhances neovascularization but moderately improves cardiac regeneration in a porcine model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:94. [PMID: 27423905 PMCID: PMC4947339 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are among the most promising growth factors for promoting cardiorepair. Here, we evaluated the combination of cell- and gene-based therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) genetically modified to overexpress IGF-1 or HGF to treat acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a porcine model. Methods Pig MSC from adipose tissue (paMSC) were genetically modified for evaluation of different therapeutic strategies to improve AMI treatment. Three groups of infarcted Large White pigs were compared (I, control, non-transplanted; II, transplanted with paMSC-GFP (green fluorescent protein); III, transplanted with paMSC-IGF-1/HGF). Cardiac function was evaluated non-invasively using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for 1 month. After euthanasia and sampling of the animal, infarcted areas were studied by histology and immunohistochemistry. Results Intramyocardial transplant in a porcine infarct model demonstrated the safety of paMSC in short-term treatments. Treatment with paMSC-IGF-1/HGF (1:1) compared with the other groups showed a clear reduction in inflammation in some sections analyzed and promoted angiogenic processes in ischemic tissue. Although cardiac function parameters were not significantly improved, cell retention and IGF-1 overexpression was confirmed within the myocardium. Conclusions The simultaneous administration of IGF-1- and HGF-overexpressing paMSC appears not to promote a synergistic effect or effective repair. The combined enhancement of neovascularization and fibrosis in paMSC-IGF-1/HGF-treated animals nonetheless suggests that sustained exposure to high IGF-1 + HGF levels promotes beneficial as well as deleterious effects that do not improve overall cardiac regeneration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-016-0350-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Gómez-Mauricio
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Cáceres, Spain.,Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Moscoso
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Area, CIMUS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Cristina Prat-Vidal
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Program, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Bernad
- Department of Cardiovascular Development and Repair, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3 (Campus UAM Cantoblanco), 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Antanavičiūtė I, Ereminienė E, Vysockas V, Račkauskas M, Skipskis V, Rysevaitė K, Treinys R, Benetis R, Jurevičius J, Skeberdis VA. Exogenous connexin43-expressing autologous skeletal myoblasts ameliorate mechanical function and electrical activity of the rabbit heart after experimental infarction. Int J Exp Pathol 2014; 96:42-53. [PMID: 25529770 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. For regeneration of the rabbit heart after experimentally induced infarction we used autologous skeletal myoblasts (SMs) due to their high proliferative potential, resistance to ischaemia and absence of immunological and ethical concerns. The cells were characterized with muscle-specific and myogenic markers. Cell transplantation was performed by injection of cell suspension (0.5 ml) containing approximately 6 million myoblasts into the infarction zone. The animals were divided into four groups: (i) no injection; (ii) sham injected; (iii) injected with wild-type SMs; and (iv) injected with SMs expressing connexin43 fused with green fluorescent protein (Cx43EGFP). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was evaluated by 2D echocardiography in vivo before infarction, when myocardium has stabilized after infarction, and 3 months after infarction. Electrical activity in the healthy and infarction zones of the heart was examined ex vivo in Langendorff-perfused hearts by optical mapping using di-4-ANEPPS, a potential sensitive fluorescent dye. We demonstrate that SMs in the coculture can couple electrically not only to abutted but also to remote acutely isolated allogenic cardiac myocytes through membranous tunnelling tubes. The beneficial effect of cellular therapy on LVEF and electrical activity was observed in the group of animals injected with Cx43EGFP-expressing SMs. L-type Ca(2+) current amplitude was approximately fivefold smaller in the isolated SMs compared to healthy myocytes suggesting that limited recovery of LVEF may be related to inadequate expression or function of L-type Ca(2+) channels in transplanted differentiating SMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Antanavičiūtė
- Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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20
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Saeed M, Hetts SW, Jablonowski R, Wilson MW. Magnetic resonance imaging and multi-detector computed tomography assessment of extracellular compartment in ischemic and non-ischemic myocardial pathologies. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:1192-1208. [PMID: 25429331 PMCID: PMC4244616 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i11.1192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial pathologies are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early detection of loss of cellular integrity and expansion in extracellular volume (ECV) in myocardium is critical to initiate effective treatment. The three compartments in healthy myocardium are: intravascular (approximately 10% of tissue volume), interstitium (approximately 15%) and intracellular (approximately 75%). Myocardial cells, fibroblasts and vascular endothelial/smooth muscle cells represent intracellular compartment and the main proteins in the interstitium are types I/III collagens. Microscopic studies have shown that expansion of ECV is an important feature of diffuse physiologic fibrosis (e.g., aging and obesity) and pathologic fibrosis [heart failure, aortic valve disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, amyloidosis, congenital heart disease, aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy (hypereosinophilic and idiopathic types), arrythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia and hypertension]. This review addresses recent advances in measuring of ECV in ischemic and non-ischemic myocardial pathologies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the ability to characterize tissue proton relaxation times (T1, T2, and T2*). Proton relaxation times reflect the physical and chemical environments of water protons in myocardium. Delayed contrast enhanced-MRI (DE-MRI) and multi-detector computed tomography (DE-MDCT) demonstrated hyper-enhanced infarct, hypo-enhanced microvascular obstruction zone and moderately enhanced peri-infarct zone, but are limited for visualizing diffuse fibrosis and patchy microinfarct despite the increase in ECV. ECV can be measured on equilibrium contrast enhanced MRI/MDCT and MRI longitudinal relaxation time mapping. Equilibrium contrast enhanced MRI/MDCT and MRI T1 mapping is currently used, but at a lower scale, as an alternative to invasive sub-endomyocardial biopsies to eliminate the need for anesthesia, coronary catheterization and possibility of tissue sampling error. Similar to delayed contrast enhancement, equilibrium contrast enhanced MRI/MDCT and T1 mapping is completely noninvasive and may play a specialized role in diagnosis of subclinical and other myocardial pathologies. DE-MRI and when T1-mapping demonstrated sub-epicardium, sub-endocardial and patchy mid-myocardial enhancement in myocarditis, Behcet’s disease and sarcoidosis, respectively. Furthermore, recent studies showed that the combined technique of cine, T2-weighted and DE-MRI technique has high diagnostic accuracy for detecting myocarditis. When the tomographic techniques are coupled with myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function they can provide valuable information on the progression of myocardial pathologies and effectiveness of new therapies.
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21
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Tchao J, Han L, Lin B, Yang L, Tobita K. Combined biophysical and soluble factor modulation induces cardiomyocyte differentiation from human muscle derived stem cells. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6614. [PMID: 25310989 PMCID: PMC4196107 DOI: 10.1038/srep06614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular cardiomyoplasty has emerged as a novel therapy to restore contractile function of injured failing myocardium. Human multipotent muscle derived stem cells (MDSC) can be a potential abundant, autologous cell source for cardiac repair. However, robust conditions for cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation are not well established for this cell type. We have developed a new method for CM differentiation from human MDSC that combines 3-dimensional artificial muscle tissue (AMT) culture with temporally controlled biophysical cell aggregation and delivery of 4 soluble factors (microRNA-206 inhibitor, IWR-1, Lithium Chloride, and BMP-4) (4F-AG-AMT). The 4F-AG-AMT displayed cardiac-like response to β-adrenergic stimulation and contractile properties. 4F-AG-AMT expressed major cardiac (NKX2-5, GATA4, TBX5, MEF2C) transcription factors and structural proteins. They also express cardiac gap-junction protein, connexin-43, similar to CMs and synchronized spontaneous calcium transients. These results highlight the importance of temporal control of biophysical and soluble factors for CM differentiation from MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tchao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lu Han
- Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bo Lin
- Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lei Yang
- Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kimimasa Tobita
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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