1
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Montinaro N, Sciortino L, D’Anca F, Lo Cicero U, Bozzo E, Paltani S, Todaro M, Barbera M. Thermalization of Mesh Reinforced Ultra-Thin Al-Coated Plastic Films: A Parametric Study Applied to the Athena X-IFU Instrument. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2360. [PMID: 38610570 PMCID: PMC11014415 DOI: 10.3390/s24072360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) is one of the two focal plane detectors of Athena, a large-class high energy astrophysics space mission approved by ESA in the Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 Science Program. The X-IFU consists of a large array of transition edge sensor micro-calorimeters that operate at ~100 mK inside a sophisticated cryostat. To prevent molecular contamination and to minimize photon shot noise on the sensitive X-IFU cryogenic detector array, a set of thermal filters (THFs) operating at different temperatures are needed. Since contamination already occurs below 300 K, the outer and more exposed THF must be kept at a higher temperature. To meet the low energy effective area requirements, the THFs are to be made of a thin polyimide film (45 nm) coated in aluminum (30 nm) and supported by a metallic mesh. Due to the small thickness and the low thermal conductance of the material, the membranes are prone to developing a radial temperature gradient due to radiative coupling with the environment. Considering the fragility of the membrane and the high reflectivity in IR energy domain, temperature measurements are difficult. In this work, a parametric numerical study is performed to retrieve the radial temperature profile of the larger and outer THF of the Athena X-IFU using a Finite Element Model approach. The effects on the radial temperature profile of different design parameters and boundary conditions are considered: (i) the mesh design and material, (ii) the plating material, (iii) the addition of a thick Y-cross applied over the mesh, (iv) an active heating heat flux injected on the center and (v) a Joule heating of the mesh. The outcomes of this study have guided the choice of the baseline strategy for the heating of the Athena X-IFU THFs, fulfilling the stringent thermal specifications of the instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Montinaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 8, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento 1, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Sciortino
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento 1, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio D’Anca
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento 1, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Ugo Lo Cicero
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento 1, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Enrico Bozzo
- Département D’astronomie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Genève, Chemin d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Paltani
- Département D’astronomie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Genève, Chemin d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - Michela Todaro
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento 1, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Barbera
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica-Emilio Segrè, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
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2
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Hohm U, Schiller C. Testing the Minimum System Entropy and the Quantum of Entropy. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:1511. [PMID: 37998203 PMCID: PMC10670145 DOI: 10.3390/e25111511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical results about entropy limits for macroscopic and single-particle systems are reviewed. All experiments confirm the minimum system entropy S⩾kln2. We clarify in which cases it is possible to speak about a minimum system entropykln2 and in which cases about a quantum of entropy. Conceptual tensions with the third law of thermodynamics, with the additivity of entropy, with statistical calculations, and with entropy production are resolved. Black hole entropy is surveyed. Claims for smaller system entropy values are shown to contradict the requirement of observability, which, as possibly argued for the first time here, also implies the minimum system entropy kln2. The uncertainty relations involving the Boltzmann constant and the possibility of deriving thermodynamics from the existence of minimum system entropy enable one to speak about a general principle that is valid across nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Hohm
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstr. 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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3
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Vaskeliene V, Sliteris R, Kazys RJ, Zukauskas E, Mazeika L. Development and Investigation of High-Temperature Ultrasonic Measurement Transducers Resistant to Multiple Heating-Cooling Cycles. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1866. [PMID: 36850463 PMCID: PMC9968054 DOI: 10.3390/s23041866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Usually for non-destructive testing at high temperatures, ultrasonic transducers made of PZT and silver electrodes are used, but this could lead to damage to or malfunction of the ultrasonic transducer due to poor adhesion between PZT and silver. Soldering is one of the most common types of bonding used for individual parts of ultrasonic transducers (protector, backing, matching layer, etc.), but silver should be protected using additional metal layers (copper) due to its solubility in solder. A mathematical modelling could help to predict if an ultrasonic transducer was manufactured well and if it could operate up to 225 °C. The observed von Mises stresses were very high and concentrated in metal layers (silver and copper), which could lead to disbonding under long-term cyclic temperature loads. This paper presents a multilayer ultrasonic transducer (PZT, silver electrodes, copper layers, backing), which was heated evenly from room temperature to 225 °C and then cooled down. In the B-scan, it was observed that the amplitude of the reflected signal from the bottom of the sample decreased with an increase in temperature. However, after six heating-cooling cycles, the results repeated themselves and no signs of fatigue were noticed. This ultrasonic transducer was well manufactured and could be used for non-destructive testing when the environment temperature changes in cycles up to 225 °C.
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4
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Pitcairn J, Iliceto A, Cañadillas-Delgado L, Fabelo O, Liu C, Balz C, Weilhard A, Argent SP, Morris AJ, Cliffe MJ. Low-Dimensional Metal-Organic Magnets as a Route toward the S = 2 Haldane Phase. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1783-1792. [PMID: 36626185 PMCID: PMC9881000 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic magnets (MOMs), modular magnetic materials where metal atoms are connected by organic linkers, are promising candidates for next-generation quantum technologies. MOMs readily form low-dimensional structures and so are ideal systems to realize physical examples of key quantum models, including the Haldane phase, where a topological excitation gap occurs in integer-spin antiferromagnetic (AFM) chains. Thus, far the Haldane phase has only been identified for S = 1, with S ≥ 2 still unrealized because the larger spin imposes more stringent requirements on the magnetic interactions. Here, we report the structure and magnetic properties of CrCl2(pym) (pym = pyrimidine), a new quasi-1D S = 2 AFM MOM. We show, using X-ray and neutron diffraction, bulk property measurements, density-functional theory calculations, and inelastic neutron spectroscopy (INS), that CrCl2(pym) consists of AFM CrCl2 spin chains (J1 = -1.13(4) meV) which are weakly ferromagnetically coupled through bridging pym (J2 = 0.10(2) meV), with easy-axis anisotropy (D = -0.15(3) meV). We find that, although small compared to J1, these additional interactions are sufficient to prevent observation of the Haldane phase in this material. Nevertheless, the proximity to the Haldane phase together with the modularity of MOMs suggests that layered Cr(II) MOMs are a promising family to search for the elusive S = 2 Haldane phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jem Pitcairn
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Iliceto
- School
of Metallurgy and Materials, University
of Birmingham, Elms Road,
Edgbaston, Birmingham B15
2TT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Oscar Fabelo
- Institut
Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Cheng Liu
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Balz
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Weilhard
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P. Argent
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- School
of Metallurgy and Materials, University
of Birmingham, Elms Road,
Edgbaston, Birmingham B15
2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Cliffe
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom,
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5
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Reuter F, Deiter C, Ohl CD. Cavitation erosion by shockwave self-focusing of a single bubble. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 90:106131. [PMID: 36274417 PMCID: PMC9587525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cavitation bubbles to effectively focus energy is made responsible for cavitation erosion, traumatic brain injury, and even for catalyse chemical reactions. Yet, the mechanism through which material is eroded remains vague, and the extremely fast and localized dynamics that lead to material damage has not been resolved. Here, we reveal the decisive mechanism that leads to energy focusing during the non-spherical collapse of cavitation bubbles and eventually results to the erosion of hardened metals. We show that a single cavitation bubble at ambient pressure close to a metal surface causes erosion only if a non-axisymmetric energy self-focusing is at play. The bubble during its collapse emits shockwaves that under certain conditions converge to a single point where the remaining gas phase is driven to a shockwave-intensified collapse. We resolve the conditions under which this self-focusing enhances the collapse and damages the solid. High-speed imaging of bubble and shock wave dynamics at sub-picosecond exposure times is correlated to the shockwaves recorded with large bandwidth hydrophones. The material damage from several metallic materials is detected in situ and quantified ex-situ via scanning electron microscopy and confocal profilometry. With this knowledge, approaches to mitigate cavitation erosion or to even enhance the energy focusing are within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Reuter
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute for Physics, Department Soft Matter, Universitaetsplatz 2, Magdeburg 39106, Germany.
| | - Carsten Deiter
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, Schenefeld 22869, Germany
| | - Claus-Dieter Ohl
- Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute for Physics, Department Soft Matter, Universitaetsplatz 2, Magdeburg 39106, Germany
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6
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Kelly ND, Savvin S, Dutton SE. Crystal structure and specific heat of calcium lanthanide oxyborates Ca 4
LnO(BO 3) 3. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2022-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Calcium lanthanide oxyborates Ca4
LnO(BO3)3 are of interest for their optical and electromechanical properties. Their crystal structure has been well characterised using powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction but there remains some disagreement regarding cation ordering in these compounds. In this study, combined X-ray and neutron powder diffraction was employed to study the cation distribution and obtain accurate boron and oxygen atomic coordinates for six Ca4
LnO(BO3)3 compounds (Ln = Pr, Nd, Tb, Ho, Er, Yb) at room temperature and one (Ln = Tb) at 50 and 1.5 K. All compounds adopt the previously reported monoclinic structure with space group Cm. The Ln
3+ ions are disordered over two of the three metal sites, with the extent of disorder increasing across the lanthanide series with decreasing ionic radius. Low-temperature neutron data for Ca4TbO(BO3)3 showed a decrease in paramagnetic scattering on cooling but no obvious magnetic Bragg or diffuse scattering at the lowest temperature of 1.5 K. We report specific heat data at cryogenic temperatures for eight Ca4
LnO(BO3)3 compounds and relate the magnetic properties of these compounds to their structural behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola D. Kelly
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J J Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , UK
| | - Stanislav Savvin
- Institut Laue-Langevin , 71 Avenue des Martyrs , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Siân E. Dutton
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J J Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , UK
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7
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Sato T, Milne ZB, Nomura M, Sasaki N, Carpick RW, Fujita H. Ultrahigh strength and shear-assisted separation of sliding nanocontacts studied in situ. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2551. [PMID: 35538085 PMCID: PMC9091249 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavior of materials in sliding contact is challenging to determine since the interface is normally hidden from view. Using a custom microfabricated device, we conduct in situ, ultrahigh vacuum transmission electron microscope measurements of crystalline silver nanocontacts under combined tension and shear, permitting simultaneous observation of contact forces and contact width. While silver classically exhibits substantial sliding-induced plastic junction growth, the nanocontacts exhibit only limited plastic deformation despite high applied stresses. This difference arises from the nanocontacts’ high strength, as we find the von Mises stresses at yield points approach the ideal strength of silver. We attribute this to the nanocontacts’ nearly defect-free nature and small size. The contacts also separate unstably, with pull-off forces well below classical predictions for rupture under pure tension. This strongly indicates that shearing reduces nanoscale pull-off forces, predicted theoretically at the continuum level, but not directly observed before. To understand and predict friction, it is crucial to observe sliding at the nanoscale to uncover the mechanisms at play. Here, the authors show that nano-contacts exhibit strength near the ideal limit, and find that pull-off forces predicted by continuum models are reduced by shearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Sato
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Zachary B Milne
- Sandia National Laboratories, Nanostructure Physics, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Masahiro Nomura
- University of Tokyo, Institute of Industrial Science, Tokyo, JP, Japan
| | - Naruo Sasaki
- The University of Electro-Communications, Department of Engineering Science, Tokyo, JP, Japan
| | - Robert W Carpick
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Fujita
- University of Tokyo, Institute of Industrial Science, Tokyo, JP, Japan.,Tokyo city university, Graduate school of integrative science and engineering electrical and electronic engineering, Tokyo, JP, Japan
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8
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Xu J, Gao T, Sheng L, Wang Y, Lou C, Wang H, Liu Y, Cao A. Conformationally engineering flexible peptides on silver nanoparticles. iScience 2022; 25:104324. [PMID: 35601913 PMCID: PMC9117549 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular conformational engineering is to engineer flexible non-functional molecules into unique conformations to create novel functions just like natural proteins fold. Obviously, it is a grand challenge with tremendous opportunities. Based on the facts that natural proteins are only marginally stable with a net stabilizing energy roughly equivalent to the energy of two hydrogen bonds, and the energy barriers for the adatom diffusion of some metals are within a similar range, we propose that metal nanoparticles can serve as a general replacement of protein scaffolds to conformationally engineer protein fragments on the surface of nanoparticles. To prove this hypothesis, herein, we successfully restore the antigen-recognizing function of the flexible peptide fragment of a natural anti-lysozyme antibody on the surface of silver nanoparticles, creating a silver nanoparticle-base artificial antibody (Silverbody). A plausible mechanism is proposed, and some general principles for conformational engineering are summarized to guide future studies in this area. A silver NP-based artificial antibody is created by conformational engineering Function emerges on NPs from non-functional peptide by mimicking the protein folding A general mechanism is proposed for the conformational engineering on metal NPs
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tiange Gao
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lingjie Sheng
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chenxi Lou
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Haifang Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Yuanfang Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aoneng Cao
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Corresponding author
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9
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Many-Scale Investigations of Deformation Behavior of Polycrystalline Composites: II-Micro-Macro Simultaneous FE and Discrete Dislocation Dynamics Simulation. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15082852. [PMID: 35454544 PMCID: PMC9031853 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The current work numerically investigates commercial polycrystalline Ag/17vol.%SnO2 composite tensile deformation behavior with available experimental data. Such composites are useful for electric contacts and have a highly textured initial material status after hot extrusion. Experimentally, the initial sharp fiber texture and the number of Σ3-twins were reduced due to tensile loading. The local inhomogeneous distribution of hardness and Young’s modulus gradually decreased from nanoindentation tests, approaching global homogeneity. Many-scale simulations, including micro-macro simultaneous finite element (FE) and discrete dislocation dynamics (DDD) simulations, were performed. Deformation mechanisms on the microscale are fundamental since they link those on the macro- and nanoscale. This work emphasizes micromechanical deformation behavior. Such FE calculations applied with crystal plasticity can predict local feature evolutions in detail, such as texture, morphology, and stress flow in individual grains. To avoid the negative influence of boundary conditions (BCs) on the result accuracy, BCs are given on the macrostructure, i.e., the microstructure is free of BCs. The particular type of 3D simulation, axisymmetry, is preferred, in which a 2D real microstructural cutout with 513 Ag grains is applied. From FE results, Σ3-twins strongly rotated to the loading direction (twins disappear), which, possibly, caused other grains to rotate away from the loading direction. The DDD simulation treats the dislocations as discrete lines and can predict the resolved shear stress (RSS) inside one grain with dependence on various features as dislocation density and lattice orientation. The RSS can act as the link between the FE and DDD predictions.
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10
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Koskelo E, Liu C, Mukherjee P, Kelly ND, Dutton SE. Free-Spin Dominated Magnetocaloric Effect in Dense Gd 3+ Double Perovskites. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 34:3440-3450. [PMID: 35572784 PMCID: PMC9098179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Frustrated lanthanide oxides with dense magnetic lattices are of fundamental interest for their potential in cryogenic refrigeration due to a large ground state entropy and suppressed ordering temperatures but can often be limited by short-range correlations. Here, we present examples of frustrated fcc oxides, Ba2GdSbO6 and Sr2GdSbO6, and the new site-disordered analogue Ca2GdSbO6 ([CaGd] A [CaSb] B O6), in which the magnetocaloric effect is influenced by minimal superexchange (J 1 ∼ 10 mK). We report on the crystal structures using powder X-ray diffraction and the bulk magnetic properties through low-field susceptibility and isothermal magnetization measurements. The Gd compounds exhibit a magnetic entropy change of up to -15.8 J/K/molGd in a field of 7 T at 2 K, a 20% excess compared to the value of -13.0 J/K/molGd for a standard in magnetic refrigeration, Gd3Ga5O12. Heat capacity measurements indicate a lack of magnetic ordering down to 0.4 K for Ba2GdSbO6 and Sr2GdSbO6, suggesting cooling down through the liquid 4-He regime. A mean-field model is used to elucidate the role of primarily free-spin behavior in the magnetocaloric performance of these compounds in comparison to other top-performing Gd-based oxides. The chemical flexibility of the double perovskites raises the possibility of further enhancement of the magnetocaloric effect in the Gd3+ fcc lattices.
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11
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Atypical Properties of a Thin Silver Layer Deposited on a Composite Textile Substrate. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051814. [PMID: 35269045 PMCID: PMC8911886 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thin layers are widely used in electronics and protective coatings. They are also increasingly used in wearable electronics. A major challenge affecting the use of thin layers is their connection to flexible substrates, particularly textile products. This article describes the stability of the resistance of a silver layer with a thickness of 250 nm in a wide temperature range of 15–295 K. The aim was to determine the temperature dependence of the resistance of layers formed on a composite textile substrate compared with that of layers produced on an Al2O3 substrate. The results showed that the electrical parameters of the layer formed on the composite textile substrate changed in a manner atypical for metallic layers. This may have been due to the polyurethane base layer. The roughness and ability to deform under the influence of heat of the substrate can significantly affect the electrical parameters of a thin metal layer produced by the PVD coating process, which is important for the design of textronic applications.
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12
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Rosenziveig K, Soumann V, Abbé P, Dubois B, Cohadon PF, Passilly N, Galliou S. Measurement of the refractive index at cryogenic temperature of absorptive silver thin films used as reflectors in a Fabry-Perot cavity. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:10945-10953. [PMID: 35200857 DOI: 10.1364/ao.434072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Data on the refractive index of silver thin films are scarce in the literature, and largely dependent on both the deposition method and thickness. We measure the refractive index of silver films at cryogenic temperature with a technique that takes advantage of the absorption of the films and the corresponding peculiar properties of Fabry-Perot cavities: a frequency shift between the reflection and transmission peaks, together with a modified cavity bandwidth. We demonstrate a decrease in the real value of the refractive index, together with a decrease in its imaginary value at 4 K.
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13
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Cuninková E, Pekarčíková M, Skarba M, Krajčovič J, Pašák M. Experimental and Numerical Analysis of High-Temperature Superconducting Tapes Modified by Composite Thermal Stabilization Subjected to Thermomechanical Loading. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3579. [PMID: 34206884 PMCID: PMC8269596 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The strain behavior of SiC/Stycast 2850 FT composites under thermomechanical loading using a finite element analysis (FEA) was studied. These composites can serve as thermal stabilizers of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes during limitation event in resistive superconducting fault current limiter (R-SCFCL) applications. For this purpose, the thermomechanical properties of four composite systems with different filler content were studied experimentally. The FEA was calculated using an ANSYS software and it delivered useful information about the strain distribution in the composite coating, as well as in particular layers of the modified HTS tapes. The tapes were subjected to bending over a 25 cm core, cooled in a liquid nitrogen (LN2) bath, and finally, quenched from this temperature to various temperatures up to 150 °C for a very short time, simulating real limitation conditions. The outputs from simulations were also correlated with the experiments. The most promising of all investigated systems was SB11-SiC20 composite in form of 100 µm thick coating, withstanding a temperature change from LN2 up to 120 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Cuninková
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Jána Bottu 2781/25, 917-24 Trnava, Slovakia; (M.P.); (M.S.); (J.K.); (M.P.)
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14
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Transport current and magnetization of Bi-2212 wires above liquid Helium temperature for cryogen-free applications. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11660. [PMID: 34083662 PMCID: PMC8175430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of high temperature superconductors, a possible cryogen-free scenario has always been wished. Nowadays, liquid Helium is running out, and it is likely that the cooling by will be a large part of the costs of any superconducting system. Bi-2212 wires at temperature higher than 4.2 K still show a very high irreversibility field and thus a deep investigation of their properties in such a range of temperature is very useful in order to assess the applicability in high field cryogen-free magnets. Here electrical transport and magnetic properties characterization at variable temperature and magnetic field on our "GDG-processed" wires are reported together with a well-described original approach to calculate the irreversibility field Hirr. This study is devoted to provide reference data on the behaviour of the only isotropic wire for high field application with an eye to the performances at temperatures above 4.2 K.
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15
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Structure and magnetism of a new hexagonal polymorph of Ba3Tb(BO3)3 with a quasi-2D triangular lattice. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Trofa M, D’Avino G, Fabiano B, Vocciante M. Nanoparticles Synthesis in Wet-Operating Stirred Media: Investigation on the Grinding Efficiency. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4281. [PMID: 32992821 PMCID: PMC7579271 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanomaterials, thanks to their peculiar properties and versatility, is becoming central in an increasing number of scientific and engineering applications. At the same time, the growing concern towards environmental issues drives the seeking of alternative strategies for a safer and more sustainable production of nanoparticles. Here we focus on a low-energy, magnetically-driven wet milling technique for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles starting from a bulky solid. The proposed approach is simple, economical, sustainable, and provides numerous advantages, including the minimization of the nanoparticles air dispersion and a greater control over the final product. This process is investigated by experiments and discrete element method simulations to reproduce the movement of the grinding beads and study the collision dynamics. The effect of several parameters is analyzed, including the stirring bar velocity, its inclination, and the grinding bead size, to quantify the actual frequency, energy, and angle of collisions. Experiments reveal a non-monotonous effect of the stirring velocity on the abrasion efficiency, whereas numerical simulations highlight the prevalent tangential nature of collisions, which is only weakly affected by the stirring velocity. On the other hand, the stirring velocity affects the collision frequency and relative kinetic energy, suggesting the existence of an optimal parameters combination. Although a small variation of the stirring bar length does not significantly affect the collision dynamics, the use of grinding beads of different dimensions offers several tuning opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Trofa
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Piazza Giorgio Ascarelli 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (M.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Gaetano D’Avino
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Piazza Giorgio Ascarelli 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (M.T.); (G.D.)
| | - Bruno Fabiano
- Department of Chemical, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Genova, Via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genova, Italy;
| | - Marco Vocciante
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
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17
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Nanometrology: Absolute Seebeck coefficient of individual silver nanowires. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20265. [PMID: 31889097 PMCID: PMC6937240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoelectric phenomena can be strongly modified in nanomaterials. The determination of the absolute Seebeck coefficient is a major challenge for metrology with respect to micro- and nanostructures due to the fact that the transport properties of the bulk material are no more valid. Here, we demonstrate a method to determine the absolute Seebeck coefficient S of individual metallic nanowires. For highly pure and single crystalline silver nanowires, we show the influence of nanopatterning on S in the temperature range between 16 K and 300 K. At room temperature, a nanowire diameter below 200 nm suppresses S by 50% compared to the bulk material to less than S = 1 μVK−1, which is attributed to the reduced electron mean free path. The temperature dependence of the absolute Seebeck coefficient depends on size effects. Thermodiffusion and phonon drag are reduced with respect to the bulk material and the ratio of electron-phonon to phonon-phonon interaction is significantly increased.
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18
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Goldooz H, Badiei A, Shiravand G, Ghasemi JB, Mohammadi Ziarani G. A highly selective Ag+ sensor based on 8-hydroxyquinoline functionalized graphene oxide -silica nanosheet and its logic gate behaviour. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE: MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS 2019; 30:17693-17705. [DOI: 10.1007/s10854-019-02119-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
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19
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Lee Y, Park YJ, Kim C, So JH, Yeom B, Koo HJ. A conducting composite microfiber containing graphene/silver nanowires in an agarose matrix with fast humidity sensing ability. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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20
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Yamada R, von Spakovsky MR, Reynolds WT. A method for predicting non-equilibrium thermal expansion using steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamics. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:325901. [PMID: 29964269 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Steepest-entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamics (SEAQT) is an intriguing approach that describes equilibrium and dynamic processes in a self-consistent way. To date, it has been applied primarily to gas phase systems because of the difficulty in generating the complex eigenstructures (eigenvalues and eigenfunctions) associated with solid or liquid phases. In this contribution, the SEAQT modeling is extended to the solid phase by constructing a so-called pseudo-eigenstructure, and its applicability is demonstrated by calculating the thermal expansion of metallic silver for three cases: (a) stable equilibrium, (b) along three irreversible paths from different initial non-equilibrium states to stable equilibrium, and (c) along an irreversible path between two stable equilibrium states. The SEAQT framework with an anharmonic pseudo-eigenstructure predicts reasonable values for the equilibrium thermal expansion. For the irreversible cases considered, the SEAQT approach makes it possible to predict the time-dependence of lattice relaxations from the initial state to the final equilibrium state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yamada
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of America
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21
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Han YJ, Li LH, Zhu J, Valavanis A, Freeman JR, Chen L, Rosamond M, Dean P, Davies AG, Linfield EH. Silver-based surface plasmon waveguide for terahertz quantum cascade lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:3814-3827. [PMID: 29475360 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.003814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz-frequency quantum cascade lasers (THz QCLs) based on ridge waveguides incorporating silver waveguide layers have been investigated theoretically and experimentally, and compared with traditional gold-based devices. The threshold gain associated with silver-, gold- and copper-based devices, and the effects of titanium adhesion layers and top contact layers, in both surface-plasmon and double-metal waveguide geometries, have been analysed. Our simulations show that silver-based waveguides yield lower losses for THz QCLs across all practical operating temperatures and frequencies. Experimentally, QCLs with silver-based surface-plasmon waveguides were found to exhibit higher operating temperatures and higher output powers compared to those with identical but gold-based waveguides. Specifically, for a three-well resonant phonon active region with a scaled oscillator strength of 0.43 and doping density of 6.83 × 1015 cm-3, an increase of 5 K in the maximum operating temperature and 40% increase in the output power were demonstrated. These effects were found to be dependent on the active region design, and greater improvements were observed for QCLs with a larger radiative diagonality. Our results indicate that silver-based waveguide structures could potentially enable THz QCLs to operate at high temperatures.
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22
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Co-Precipitation, Strength and Electrical Resistivity of Cu-26 wt % Ag-0.1 wt % Fe Alloy. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10121383. [PMID: 29207505 PMCID: PMC5744318 DOI: 10.3390/ma10121383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Both a Cu–26 wt % Ag (Fe-free) alloy and Cu–26 wt % Ag–0.1 wt % Fe (Fe-doping) alloy were subjected to different heat treatments. We studied the precipitation kinetics of Ag and Cu, microstructure evolution, magnetization, hardness, strength, and electrical resistivity of the two alloys. Fe addition was incapable of changing the precipitation kinetics of Ag and Cu; however, it decreased the size and spacing of rod-shaped Ag precipitates within a Cu matrix, because Fe might affect the elastic strain field and diffusion field, suppressing the nucleation of Ag precipitates. Magnetization curves showed that γ-Fe precipitates were precipitated out of the Cu matrix, along with Ag precipitates in Fe-doping alloy after heat treatments. The yield strength of the Fe-doping alloy was higher than that of the Fe-free alloy, and the maximum increment was about 41.3%. The electrical conductivity in the aged Fe-doping alloy was up to about 67% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard). Hardness, strength, and electrical resistivity were intensively discussed, based on the microstructural characterization and solute contributions of both alloys. Our results demonstrated that an increasing fraction of nanoscale γ-Fe precipitates and decreasing spacing between Ag precipitates resulted in the increasing strength of the Fe-doping alloy.
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23
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Mukherjee P, Sackville Hamilton AC, Glass HFJ, Dutton SE. Sensitivity of magnetic properties to chemical pressure in lanthanide garnets Ln 3 A 2 X 3O 12, Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, A = Ga, Sc, In, Te, X = Ga, Al, Li. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:405808. [PMID: 28726675 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa810e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A systematic study of the structural and magnetic properties of three-dimensionally frustrated lanthanide garnets Ln 3 A 2 X 3O12, Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, A = Ga, Sc, In, Te, X = Ga, Al, Li is presented. Garnets with Ln = Gd show magnetic behaviour consistent with isotropic Gd3+ spins; no magnetic ordering is observed for T ⩾ 0.4 K. Magnetic ordering features are seen for garnets with Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho in the temperature range 0.4 < T < 2.5 K, however the nature of the magnetic ordering varies for the different Ln as well as for different combinations of A and X. The magnetic behaviour can be explained by tuning of the magnetic interactions and changes in the single-ion anisotropy. The change in magnetic entropy is evaluated from isothermal magnetisation measurements to characterise the magnetocaloric effect in these materials. Among the Gd garnets, the maximum change in magnetic entropy per mole (15.45 J K-1 [Formula: see text]) is observed for Gd3Sc2Ga3O12 at 2 K, in a field of 9 T. The performance of Dy3Ga5O12 as a magnetocaloric material surpasses the other garnets with Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mukherjee
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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24
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Mukherjee P, Suard E, Dutton SE. Magnetic properties of monoclinic lanthanide metaborates, Ln(BO 2) 3, Ln = Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:405807. [PMID: 28731423 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa8160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The bulk magnetic properties of the lanthanide metaborates, Ln(BO2)3, Ln = Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb are studied using magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity and isothermal magnetisation measurements. They are found to crystallise in a monoclinic structure containing chains of magnetic Ln 3+ and could therefore exhibit features of low-dimensional magnetism and frustration. Pr(BO2)3 is found to have a non-magnetic singlet ground state. No magnetic ordering is observed down to 0.4 K for Nd(BO2)3. Gd(BO2)3 exhibits a sharp magnetic transition at 1.1 K, corresponding to 3D magnetic ordering. Tb(BO2)3 shows two magnetic ordering features at 1.05 K and 1.95 K. A magnetisation plateau at a third of the saturation magnetisation is seen at 2 K for both Nd(BO2)3 and Tb(BO2)3, which persists in an applied field of 14 T. This is proposed to be a signature of quasi 1D behaviour in Nd(BO2)3 and Tb(BO2)3.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mukherjee
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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25
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Hossain I, Jiang J, Matras M, Trociewitz UP, Lu J, Kametani F, Larbalestier D, Hellstrom E. Effect of sheath material and reaction overpressure on Ag extrusions into the TiO 2 insulation coating of Bi-2212 round wire. IOP CONFERENCE SERIES. MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2017; 279. [PMID: 30197666 DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/279/1/012021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In order to develop a high current density in coils, Bi-2212 wires must be electrically discrete in tight winding packs. It is vital to use an insulating layer that is thin, fulfils the dielectric requirements, and can survive the heat treatment whose maximum temperature reaches 890 °C. A thin (20-30 µm) ceramic coating could be better as the insulating layer compared to alumino-silicate braided fiber insulation, which is about 100 μm thick and reacts with the Ag sheath during heat treatment, degrading the critical current density (Jc). At present, TiO2 seems to be the most viable ceramic material for such a thin insulation because it is chemically compatible with Ag and Bi-2212 and its sintering temperature is lower than the maximum temperature used for the Bi-2212 heat treatment. However, recent tests of a large Bi-2212 coil insulated only with TiO2 showed severe electrical shorting between the wires after over pressure heat treatment (OPHT). The origin of the shorting was frequent silver extrusions that penetrated the porous TiO2 layer and electrically connected adjacent Bi-2212 wires. To understand the mechanism of this unexpected behaviour, we investigated the effect of sheath material and hydrostatic pressure on the formation of Ag extrusions. We found that Ag extrusions occur only when TiO2-insulated Ag-0.2%Mg sheathed wire (Ag(Mg) wire) undergoes OPHT at 50 bar. No Ag extrusions were observed when the TiO2-insulated Ag(Mg) wire was processed at 1 bar. The TiO2-insulated wires sheathed with pure Ag that underwent 50 bar OPHT were also free from Ag extrusions. A key finding is that the Ag extrusions emanating from the Ag(Mg) sheath actually contain no MgO, suggesting that local depletion of MgO facilitates local, heterogeneous deformation of the sheath under hydrostatic overpressure. Our study also suggests that predensifying the Ag(Mg) wire before insulating it with TiO2 and doing the final OPHT can potentially prevent Ag extrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hossain
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, FL 32310, USA.,Materials Science and Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, FL 32310, USA
| | - J Jiang
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, FL 32310, USA
| | - M Matras
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, FL 32310, USA.,Materials Science and Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, FL 32310, USA
| | - U P Trociewitz
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, FL 32310, USA
| | - J Lu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, FL 32310, USA
| | - F Kametani
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, FL 32310, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, FL 32310, USA
| | - D Larbalestier
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, FL 32310, USA.,Materials Science and Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, FL 32310, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, FL 32310, USA
| | - E Hellstrom
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, FL 32310, USA.,Materials Science and Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, FL 32310, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, FL 32310, USA
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26
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Thevamaran R, Lawal O, Yazdi S, Jeon SJ, Lee JH, Thomas EL. Dynamic creation and evolution of gradient nanostructure in single-crystal metallic microcubes. Science 2016; 354:312-316. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aag1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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27
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Naor H, Avnir D. Electroless Functionalization of Silver Films by Its Molecular Doping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:26461-26469. [PMID: 26571199 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a methodology which by far extends the potential applications of thin conductive silver films achieved by an electroless molecular doping process of the metal with any of the endless functional molecules that the large library of organic molecules offer. The resulting metallic films within which the molecule is entrapped--molecule@Ag--carry both the classical chemical and physical properties of silver films, as well as the function of the entrapped molecule. Raman measurements of the organic molecules from within the silver films provide the first spectroscopic observations from within silver, and clearly show that entrapment, a three-dimensional process, and adsorption, a two-dimensional process, on silver films are distinctly different processes. Three organic molecules, the cationic Neutral red, the anionic Congo red, and the antibacterial agent chlorhexidine digluconate (CH), were used to demonstrate the generality of this method for various types of molecules. We studied the sensitivity of the film conductivity to the type of the molecule entrapped within the film, to its concentration, and to temperature. Dual functionality was demonstrated with CH@Ag films, which are both conductive and have prolonged and high antibacterial activity, a combination of properties that has been unknown so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Naor
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - David Avnir
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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28
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Temperature dependence of electrical and thermal conduction in single silver nanowire. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10718. [PMID: 26035288 PMCID: PMC4451791 DOI: 10.1038/srep10718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the thermal and electrical transport in an individual silver nanowire is characterized down to 35 K for in-depth understanding of the strong structural defect induced electron scattering. The results indicate that, at room temperature, the electrical resistivity increases by around 4 folds from that of bulk silver. The Debye temperature (151 K) of the silver nanowire is found 36% lower than that (235 K) of bulk silver, confirming strong phonon softening. At room temperature, the thermal conductivity is reduced by 55% from that of bulk silver. This reduction becomes larger as the temperature goes down. To explain the opposite trends of thermal conductivity (κ) ~ temperature (T) of silver nanowire and bulk silver, a unified thermal resistivity () is used to elucidate the electron scattering mechanism. A large residual Θ is observed for silver nanowire while that of the bulk silver is almost zero. The same ~T trend proposes that the silver nanowire and bulk silver share the similar phonon-electron scattering mechanism for thermal transport. Due to phonon-assisted electron energy transfer across grain boundaries, the Lorenz number of the silver nanowire is found much larger than that of bulk silver and decreases with decreasing temperature.
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29
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Anderson DS, Patchin ES, Silva RM, Uyeminami DL, Sharmah A, Guo T, Das GK, Brown JM, Shannahan J, Gordon T, Chen LC, Pinkerton KE, Van Winkle LS. Influence of particle size on persistence and clearance of aerosolized silver nanoparticles in the rat lung. Toxicol Sci 2015; 144:366-81. [PMID: 25577195 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer products raises concerns about potential health effects. This study investigated the persistence and clearance of 2 different size AgNPs (20 and 110 nm) delivered to rats by single nose-only aerosol exposures (6 h) of 7.2 and 5.4 mg/m(3), respectively. Rat lung tissue was assessed for silver accumulations using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), autometallography, and enhanced dark field microscopy. Involvement of tissue macrophages was assessed by scoring of silver staining in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Silver was abundant in most macrophages at 1 day post-exposure. The group exposed to 20 nm AgNP had the greatest number of silver positive BALF macrophages at 56 days post-exposure. While there was a significant decrease in the amount of silver in lung tissue at 56 days post-exposure compared with 1 day following exposure, at least 33% of the initial delivered dose was still present for both AgNPs. Regardless of particle size, silver was predominantly localized within the terminal bronchial/alveolar duct junction region of the lung associated with extracellular matrix and within epithelial cells. Inhalation of both 20 and 110 nm AgNPs resulted in a persistence of silver in the lung at 56 days post-exposure and local deposition as well as accumulation of silver at the terminal bronchiole alveolar duct junction. Further the smaller particles, 20 nm AgNP, produced a greater silver burden in BALF macrophages as well as greater persistence of silver positive macrophages at later timepoints (21 and 56 days).
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald S Anderson
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Esther S Patchin
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Rona M Silva
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Dale L Uyeminami
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Arjun Sharmah
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Ting Guo
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Gautom K Das
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Jared M Brown
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Jonathan Shannahan
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Terry Gordon
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Lung Chi Chen
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Kent E Pinkerton
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817 *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817 *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Laura S Van Winkle
- *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817 *Center for Health and the Environment, Department of Chemistry, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, Department of Environmental Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York University, Tuxedo, New York 10987, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616 and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
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30
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Anderson DS, Silva RM, Lee D, Edwards PC, Sharmah A, Guo T, Pinkerton KE, Van Winkle LS. Persistence of silver nanoparticles in the rat lung: Influence of dose, size, and chemical composition. Nanotoxicology 2014; 9:591-602. [PMID: 25231189 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.958116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing silver nanoparticle (AgNP) use in sprays, consumer products, and medical devices has raised concerns about potential health effects. While previous studies have investigated AgNPs, most were limited to a single particle size or surface coating. In this study, we investigated the effect of size, surface coating, and dose on the persistence of silver in the lung following exposure to AgNP. Adult male rats were intratracheally instilled with four different AgNPs: 20 or 110 nm in size and coated with either citrate or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) at 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg doses. Silver retention was assessed in the lung at 1, 7, and 21 d post exposure. ICP-MS quantification demonstrated that citrate-coated AgNPs persisted in the lung to 21 d with retention greater than 90%, while PVP-coated AgNP had less than 30% retention. Localization of silver in lung tissue at 1 d post exposure demonstrated decreased silver in proximal airways exposed to 110 nm particles compared with 20 nm AgNPs. In terminal bronchioles 1 d post exposure, silver was localized to surface epithelium but was more prominent in the basement membrane at 7 d. Silver positive macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid decreased more quickly after exposure to particles coated with PVP. We conclude that PVP-coated AgNPs had less retention in the lung tissue over time and larger particles were more rapidly cleared from large airways than smaller particles. The 20 nm citrate particles showed the greatest effect, increasing lung macrophages even 21 d after exposure, and resulted in the greatest silver retention in lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald S Anderson
- Center for Health and the Environment,University of California Davis , Davis, CA , USA
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31
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Vlassov S, Polyakov B, Dorogin LM, Vahtrus M, Mets M, Antsov M, Saar R, Romanov AE, Lõhmus A, Lõhmus R. Shape restoration effect in Ag-SiO2 core-shell nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:5201-5205. [PMID: 25162144 DOI: 10.1021/nl5019063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The combination of two different materials in a single composite core-shell heterostructure can lead to improved or even completely novel properties. In this work we demonstrate the enhancement of the mechanical properties of silver (Ag) nanowires (NW) achieved by coating them with a silica (SiO2) shell. In situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) nanomechanical tests of Ag-SiO2 core-shell nanowires reveal an improved fracture resistance and an electron-beam induced shape restoration effect. In addition, control experiments are conducted separately on uncoated Ag NWs and on empty SiO2 shells in order to gain deeper insight into the peculiar properties of Ag-SiO2. Test conditions are simulated using finite-element methods; possible mechanisms responsible for the shape restoration and the enhanced fracture resistance are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Vlassov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia , Kengaraga 8, LV-1063, Riga, Latvia
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Polyakov B, Vlassov S, Dorogin LM, Butikova J, Antsov M, Oras S, Lõhmus R, Kink I. Manipulation of nanoparticles of different shapes inside a scanning electron microscope. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:133-140. [PMID: 24605279 PMCID: PMC3943919 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work polyhedron-like gold and sphere-like silver nanoparticles (NPs) were manipulated on an oxidized Si substrate to study the dependence of the static friction and the contact area on the particle geometry. Measurements were performed inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) that was equipped with a high-precision XYZ-nanomanipulator. To register the occurring forces a quartz tuning fork (QTF) with a glued sharp probe was used. Contact areas and static friction forces were calculated by using different models and compared with the experimentally measured force. The effect of NP morphology on the nanoscale friction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Polyakov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga 8, LV-1063, Riga, Latvia
| | - Sergei Vlassov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga 8, LV-1063, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Nanotechnology Competence Center, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Leonid M Dorogin
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Nanotechnology Competence Center, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jelena Butikova
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga 8, LV-1063, Riga, Latvia
| | - Mikk Antsov
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Nanotechnology Competence Center, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sven Oras
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Nanotechnology Competence Center, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rünno Lõhmus
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Nanotechnology Competence Center, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ilmar Kink
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
- Estonian Nanotechnology Competence Center, Riia 142, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
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Berglund SP, Lee HC, Núñez PD, Bard AJ, Mullins CB. Screening of transition and post-transition metals to incorporate into copper oxide and copper bismuth oxide for photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:4554-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50540e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Dutton SE, Kumar M, Mourigal M, Soos ZG, Wen JJ, Broholm CL, Andersen NH, Huang Q, Zbiri M, Toft-Petersen R, Cava RJ. Quantum spin liquid in frustrated one-dimensional LiCuSbO4. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:187206. [PMID: 22681114 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.187206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A quantum magnet, LiCuSbO4, with chains of edge-sharing spin-1/2 CuO6 octahedra is reported. While short-range order is observed for T<10 K, no zero-field phase transition or spin freezing occurs down to 100 mK. Specific heat indicates a distinct high-field phase near the 12 T saturation field. Neutron scattering shows incommensurate spin correlations with q=(0.47±0.01)π/a and places an upper limit of 70 μeV on any spin gap. Exact diagonalization of 16-spin easy-plane spin-1/2 chains with competing ferro- and antiferromagnetic interactions (J1=-75 K, J2=34 K) accounts for the T>2 K data.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Dutton
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
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Dutton SE, Kumar M, Soos ZG, Broholm CL, Cava RJ. Dominant ferromagnetism in the spin-1/2 half-twist ladder 334 compounds, Ba3Cu3In4O12 and Ba3Cu3Sc4O12. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:166001. [PMID: 22446062 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/16/166001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic properties of polycrystalline samples of Ba(3)Cu(3)In(4)O(12) (In-334) and Ba(3)Cu(3)Sc(4)O(12) (Sc-334) are reported. Both 334 phases have a structure derived from perovskite, with CuO(4) squares interconnected to form half-twist ladders along the c-axis. The Cu-O-Cu angles, ~90°, and the positive Weiss temperatures indicate the presence of significant ferromagnetic (FM) interactions along the Cu ladders. At low temperatures, T < 20 K, sharp transitions in the magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity measurements indicate three-dimensional (3D) antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering at T(N). T(N) is suppressed on application of a field and a complex magnetic phase diagram with three distinct magnetic regimes below the upper critical field can be inferred from our measurements. The magnetic interactions are discussed in relation to a modified spin-1/2 FM-AFM model and the 334 half-twist ladder is compared to other two-rung ladder spin-1/2 systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Dutton
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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36
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Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Buckling Deformation of Fabricated Objects by Selective Laser Melting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2012.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Tao X, Shen KC, Wang YL, Shen YZ. Lewis-Base Stabilized N-Silver(I) Succinimide Complexes: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Their Use as CVD-Precursors. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tao X, Wang YL, Shen KC, Shen YZ. Trimethylphosphite stabilized N-silver(I) succinimide complexes as CVD precursors. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2010.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Jakob A, Schmidt H, Walfort B, Rüffer T, Haase T, Kohse-Höinghaus K, Lang H. Phosphane- and phosphite-silver(I) phenolates: Synthesis, characterization and their use as CVD precursors. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Feng Y, Jaramillo R, Wang J, Ren Y, Rosenbaum TF. Invited article: High-pressure techniques for condensed matter physics at low temperature. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:041301. [PMID: 20441318 DOI: 10.1063/1.3400212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Condensed matter experiments at high pressure accentuate the need for accurate pressure scales over a broad range of temperatures, as well as placing a premium on a homogeneous pressure environment. However, challenges remain in diamond anvil cell technology, including both the quality of various pressure transmitting media and the accuracy of secondary pressure scales at low temperature. We directly calibrate the ruby fluorescence R1 line shift with pressure at T=4.5 K using high-resolution x-ray powder diffraction measurements of the silver lattice constant and its known equation of state up to P=16 GPa. Our results reveal a ruby pressure scale at low temperatures that differs by 6% from the best available ruby scale at room T. We also use ruby fluorescence to characterize the pressure inhomogeneity and anisotropy in two representative and commonly used pressure media, helium and methanol:ethanol 4:1, under the same preparation conditions for pressures up to 20 GPa at T=5 K. Contrary to the accepted wisdom, both media show equal levels of pressure inhomogeneity measured over the same area, with a consistent DeltaP/P per unit area of +/-1.8 %/(10(4) microm(2)) from 0 to 20 GPa. The helium medium shows an essentially constant deviatoric stress of 0.021+/-0.011 GPa up to 16 GPa, while the methanol:ethanol mixture shows a similar level of anisotropy up to 10 GPa, above which the anisotropy increases. The quality of both pressure media is further examined under the more stringent requirements of single crystal x-ray diffraction at cryogenic temperature. For such experiments we conclude that the ratio of sample-to-pressure chamber volume is a critical parameter in maintaining sample quality at high pressure, and may affect the choice of pressure medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejun Feng
- The Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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41
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McCain MN, Schneider S, Salata MR, Marks TJ. Tris(phosphino)borato Silver(I) Complexes as Precursors for Metallic Silver Aerosol-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:2534-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ic701852x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N. McCain
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research
Center, Northwestern University, 2145, Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois
60208-3113
| | - Sven Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research
Center, Northwestern University, 2145, Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois
60208-3113
| | - Michael R. Salata
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research
Center, Northwestern University, 2145, Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois
60208-3113
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research
Center, Northwestern University, 2145, Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois
60208-3113
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