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Medeiros M, Guenka S, Bastos D, Oliveira KL, Brassesco MS. Amicis Omnia Sunt Communia: NF-κB Inhibition as an Alternative to Overcome Osteosarcoma Heterogeneity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:734. [PMID: 38931401 PMCID: PMC11206879 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity poses a significant challenge in osteosarcoma (OS) treatment. In this regard, the "omics" era has constantly expanded our understanding of biomarkers and altered signaling pathways (i.e., PI3K/AKT/mTOR, WNT/β-catenin, NOTCH, SHH/GLI, among others) involved in OS pathophysiology. Despite different players and complexities, many commonalities have been described, among which the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) stands out. Its altered activation is pervasive in cancer, with pleiotropic action on many disease-relevant traits. Thus, in the scope of this article, we highlight the evidence of NF-κB dysregulation in OS and its integration with other cancer-related pathways while we summarize the repertoire of compounds that have been described to interfere with its action. In silico strategies were used to demonstrate that NF-κB is closely coordinated with other commonly dysregulated signaling pathways not only by functionally interacting with several of their members but also by actively participating in the regulation of their transcription. While existing inhibitors lack selectivity or act indirectly, the therapeutic potential of targeting NF-κB is indisputable, first for its multifunctionality on most cancer hallmarks, and secondly, because, as a common downstream effector of the many dysregulated pathways influencing OS aggressiveness, it turns complex regulatory networks into a simpler picture underneath molecular heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Medeiros
- Cell Biology Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900-Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Sophia Guenka
- Biology Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900-Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (S.G.); (D.B.)
| | - David Bastos
- Biology Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900-Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (S.G.); (D.B.)
| | - Karla Laissa Oliveira
- Regional Blood Center, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900-Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14051-140, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Biology Department, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900-Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, São Paulo, Brazil; (S.G.); (D.B.)
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Yang J, Lou S, Yao T. Trends in primary malignant bone cancer incidence and mortality in the United States, 2000-2017: A population-based study. J Bone Oncol 2024; 46:100607. [PMID: 38778835 PMCID: PMC11109025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2024.100607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Primary malignant bone cancers have extremely low incidence, resulting in poor evaluation of their epidemiological characteristics. The objective of this study was to investigate trends in the incidence of primary malignant bone cancers and related mortality. Materials and methods Data from patients diagnosed with malignant bone cancers from 2000 to 2017 in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database were retrospectively analyzed. Annual age-adjusted incidence and mortality were calculated, and the annual percentage change analyzed. Further, characteristics including patient age and sex, as well as the primary site and stage of different tumor types, were analyzed. Results The overall age-adjusted incidence rate of primary malignant bone cancers was 7.70 per million people per year, and incidence rates had increased in patients between 60 and 79 years old, or with tumor size ≥ 8 cm. The incidence of chordoma increased significantly (annual percentage change (APC), 3.0 % per year), while those of WHO grade I and II primary bone cancers decreased. During 2000-2017, the mortality rate attributable to malignant bone cancers across the entire United States was 4.41 per million people per year. A positive mortality trend was observed during the study period (APC = 0.7 %, 95 % confidence interval: 0.0 %-1.5 %). Patients with osteosarcoma, and those who were female or of white ethnicity showed significant increasing trends in mortality rate. Conclusions Different tumor types have variable epidemiological manifestations, in terms of incidence and mortality, and exhibited altered trends over recent years. These variables can provide guidance to inform allocation of medical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Suo Lou
- Operating Room, Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Teng Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
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Machado PAB, Bartolomeu GFP, Handeri AM, Wainstein AJA, Drummond-Lage AP. Assessment of Medical Students' Knowledge of Imaging Methods for Bone Sarcomas. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2023; 38:1571-1576. [PMID: 37185942 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-023-02301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death in Brazil and worldwide. However, Brazilian medical education fails to include oncology as an essential topic. This creates a gap between the health status of the population and medical education. Bone sarcomas fall into both the group of malignant neoplasms and rare diseases and are thus doubly influenced by misinformation. To assess medical students' knowledge of imaging diagnostic methods for bone sarcomas. A cross-sectional, quantitative study was undertaken by obtaining the responses of medical students to a questionnaire containing radiographic images and questions about the radiological aspects of bone sarcomas. The categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test. The level of significance was 5% for all the tests. SPSS software version 25.0 was used for the analysis. A total of 325 responses were collected, with 72% of the participants having no interest in oncology and 55.6-63.9% not knowing how to diagnose a periosteal reaction on bone radiography. Only 11.1-17.1% of the students correctly interpreted the radiographic image of osteosarcoma. Medical students fail to correctly interpret images of bone sarcomas. It is important to promote oncology undergraduate education in general and to include the approach to bone sarcomas in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Alcântara Botelho Machado
- Department of Post-Graduation, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais, Alameda Ezequiel Dias 275/3º - Centro, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ana Paula Drummond-Lage
- Department of Post-Graduation, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas Gerais, Alameda Ezequiel Dias 275/3º - Centro, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Xi Y, Qiao L, Na B, Liu H, Zhang S, Zheng R, Wang W, Sun K, Wei W, He J. Primary malignant bone tumors incidence, mortality, and trends in China from 2000 to 2015. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2037-2043. [PMID: 37667432 PMCID: PMC10476727 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary malignant bone tumors are uncommon, and their epidemiological features are rarely reported. We aimed to study the incidence and death characteristics of bone tumors from 2000 to 2015. METHODS Population-based cancer registries submitted registry data to National Central Cancer Registry of China (NCCRC). The data collected from 501 local cancer registries in China were assessed using NCCRC screening methods and criteria. Incidence and mortality rates of primary bone tumor were stratified by age group, gender, and area. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were adjusted using the Chinese standard population in 2000 and Segi's world population. The annual percentage change (APC) in rate was calculated using the Joinpoint Regression Program. RESULTS Data from 368 registries met quality control criteria, of which 134 and 234 were from urban and rural areas, respectively. The data covered 309,553,499 persons. The crude incidence, age-standardized incidence, and crude mortality rates were 1.77, 1.35, and 1.31 per 100,000, respectively. Incidence and mortality rates were higher in males than those in females; they showed downward trends, with declines of 2.2% and 4.8% per year, respectively, and the rates in urban areas were lower than those in rural areas. Significant declining trends were observed in urban areas. Stable trends were seen in rural areas during 2000 to 2007, followed by downward trends. Age-specific incidence and mortality rates showed stable trends in the age group of 0 to 19 years, and downward trends in the age group elder than 19 years. CONCLUSIONS The incidence and mortality rates of primary malignant bone tumors in rural areas were higher compared to those in urban areas. Targeted prevention measures are required to monitor and control bone tumor incidence and improve the quality of life of affected patients. This research can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of bone tumors, as well as basic information for follow-up research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Xi
- Inner Mongolia Integrative Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010031, China
| | - Liying Qiao
- Inner Mongolia Integrative Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010031, China
| | - Buqi Na
- Inner Mongolia Integrative Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010031, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Inner Mongolia Integrative Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010031, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Office for Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Rongshou Zheng
- Office for Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- Inner Mongolia Integrative Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010031, China
| | - Kexin Sun
- Office for Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wenqiang Wei
- Office for Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jie He
- Office for Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Pires SF, Barros JSD, Costa SSD, Carmo GBD, Scliar MDO, Lengert AVH, Boldrini É, Silva SRMD, Vidal DO, Maschietto M, Krepischi ACV. Analysis of the Mutational Landscape of Osteosarcomas Identifies Genes Related to Metastasis and Prognosis and Disrupted Biological Pathways of Immune Response and Bone Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10463. [PMID: 37445641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent type of bone tumor, but slow progress has been achieved in disentangling the full set of genomic events involved in its initiation and progression. We assessed by NGS the mutational spectrum of 28 primary OSs from Brazilian patients, and identified 445 potentially deleterious SNVs/indels and 1176 copy number alterations (CNAs). TP53 was the most recurrently mutated gene, with an overall rate of ~60%, considering SNVs/indels and CNAs. The most frequent CNAs (~60%) were gains at 1q21.2q21.3, 6p21.1, and 8q13.3q24.22, and losses at 10q26 and 13q14.3q21.1. Seven cases presented CNA patterns reminiscent of complex events (chromothripsis and chromoanasynthesis). Putative RB1 and TP53 germline variants were found in five samples associated with metastasis at diagnosis along with complex genomic patterns of CNAs. PTPRQ, KNL1, ZFHX4, and DMD alterations were prevalent in metastatic or deceased patients, being potentially indicative of poor prognosis. TNFRSF11B, involved in skeletal system development and maintenance, emerged as a candidate for osteosarcomagenesis due to its biological function and a high frequency of copy number gains. A protein-protein network enrichment highlighted biological pathways involved in immunity and bone development. Our findings reinforced the high genomic OS instability and heterogeneity, and led to the identification of novel disrupted genes deserving further evaluation as biomarkers due to their association with poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ferreira Pires
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Juliana Sobral de Barros
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Silvia Souza da Costa
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Bandeira do Carmo
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Marília de Oliveira Scliar
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | | | - Érica Boldrini
- Barretos Children's Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Onofre Vidal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center (CPOM), Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-384, Brazil
| | - Mariana Maschietto
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-884, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Victorino Krepischi
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
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Stefani RRD, Toni ECD, Farias CBD, Brunetto AT, Brunetto AL, Roesler R, Alho CS, Friedrich DC. GGAA microsatellites of NR0B1 promoter region in Ewing's sarcoma patients and healthy individuals from a south Brazilian population. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CANCEROLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.32635/2176-9745.rbc.2022v68n2.2350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The very aggressive soft tissue and bone pediatric tumor Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) is caused in most cases by the chromosomal translocation t(11;22)(q24;q12), which encodes an aberrant chimeric transcription factor (EWS-FLI1) that regulates target genes, including the critical oncogene NR0B1 (Xp21.2), via GGAA microsatellites. Objective: Our objective was to analyze the GGAA microsatellites of NR0B1 promoter region of ES patients and healthy subjects in our population. Methodology: Ten male ES patients and 71 adult healthy males from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, were included in this study. Leukocyte DNA was extracted, amplified by PCR, sequenced by the Sanger method and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. Total number of GGAA motifs, length of microsatellite in base pairs, number of segments separated by "A" insertions and greatest number of consecutive GGAA motifs were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed in the SPSS® statistical software and p-value <0,05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 21 different alleles was identified in the 81 subjects, with 24.2 allele [(GGAA)7A(GGAA)7A(GGAA)10 sequence] being the most frequent, but when comparing the data between the two groups, no significant difference was found. Conclusion: We concluded that the studied sample was highly variable in terms microsatellite structure, including the presence of rare alleles, giving us the opportunity to describe our population which is a fundamental step on identifying genetic implications in ES tumorigenesis.
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Yao ZP, Zhu H, Shen F, Gong D. Hsp90 regulates the tumorigenic function of tyrosine protein kinase in osteosarcoma. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:380-390. [PMID: 34767669 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, osteosarcoma remains as the most common bone cancer in children and is associated with poor prognosis. Growing evidence has supported dysregulation of threonine and tyrosine protein kinase (TTK) expression as a hallmark of multiple cancers, however, its function in osteosarcoma remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we found that TTK was frequently overexpressed in osteosarcoma and associated with increased tumour growth and progression. Moreover, using both in vitro and in vivo assays, we provided evidence that TTK level was regulated by a molecular chaperone, heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). Hsp90 directly interacted with TTK and prevents proteasome-dependent TTK degradation, leading to the accumulation of TTK in osteosarcoma cells. Elevated TTK promoted cancer cell proliferation and survival by activating cell-cycle progression and inhibiting apoptosis. Consistently, depletion of TTK by Hsp90 inhibition induced cell-cycle arrest, generated aneuploidy and eventually resulted in apoptotic cancer cell death. Together, our study revealed an important Hsp90-TTK regulatory axis in osteosarcoma cells to promote cancer cell growth and survival. These findings expand our knowledge on osteosarcoma pathogenesis and offer novel therapeutic options for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Peng Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Breast Cancer Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Dan Gong
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Nanchang, China
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Wang W, Min L, Qiu X, Wu X, Liu C, Ma J, Zhang D, Zhu L. Biological Function of Long Non-coding RNA (LncRNA) Xist. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:645647. [PMID: 34178980 PMCID: PMC8222981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.645647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression in a variety of ways at epigenetic, chromatin remodeling, transcriptional, and translational levels. Accumulating evidence suggests that lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (lncRNA Xist) serves as an important regulator of cell growth and development. Despites its original roles in X-chromosome dosage compensation, lncRNA Xist also participates in the development of tumor and other human diseases by functioning as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). In this review, we comprehensively summarized recent progress in understanding the cellular functions of lncRNA Xist in mammalian cells and discussed current knowledge regarding the ceRNA network of lncRNA Xist in various diseases. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts that are more than 200 nt in length and without an apparent protein-coding capacity (Furlan and Rougeulle, 2016; Maduro et al., 2016). These RNAs are believed to be transcribed by the approximately 98-99% non-coding regions of the human genome (Derrien et al., 2012; Fu, 2014; Montalbano et al., 2017; Slack and Chinnaiyan, 2019), as well as a large variety of genomic regions, such as exonic, tronic, and intergenic regions. Hence, lncRNAs are also divided into eight categories: Intergenic lncRNAs, Intronic lncRNAs, Enhancer lncRNAs, Promoter lncRNAs, Natural antisense/sense lncRNAs, Small nucleolar RNA-ended lncRNAs (sno-lncRNAs), Bidirectional lncRNAs, and non-poly(A) lncRNAs (Ma et al., 2013; Devaux et al., 2015; St Laurent et al., 2015; Chen, 2016; Quinn and Chang, 2016; Richard and Eichhorn, 2018; Connerty et al., 2020). A range of evidence has suggested that lncRNAs function as key regulators in crucial cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, by regulating the expression level of target genes via epigenomic, transcriptional, or post-transcriptional approaches (Cao et al., 2018). Moreover, lncRNAs detected in body fluids were also believed to serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of disease progression, and act as novel and potential drug targets for therapeutic exploitation in human disease (Jiang W. et al., 2018; Zhou et al., 2019a). Long non-coding RNA X-inactive specific transcript (lncRNA Xist) are a set of 15,000-20,000 nt sequences localized in the X chromosome inactivation center (XIC) of chromosome Xq13.2 (Brown et al., 1992; Debrand et al., 1998; Kay, 1998; Lee et al., 2013; da Rocha and Heard, 2017; Yang Z. et al., 2018; Brockdorff, 2019). Previous studies have indicated that lncRNA Xist regulate X chromosome inactivation (XCI), resulting in the inheritable silencing of one of the X-chromosomes during female cell development. Also, it serves a vital regulatory function in the whole spectrum of human disease (notably cancer) and can be used as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and as a potential therapeutic target for human disease in the clinic (Liu et al., 2018b; Deng et al., 2019; Dinescu et al., 2019; Mutzel and Schulz, 2020; Patrat et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020a). In particular, lncRNA Xist have been demonstrated to be involved in the development of multiple types of tumors including brain tumor, Leukemia, lung cancer, breast cancer, and liver cancer, with the prominent examples outlined in Table 1. It was also believed that lncRNA Xist (Chaligne and Heard, 2014; Yang Z. et al., 2018) contributed to other diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, inflammation, neuropathic pain, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and osteoarthritis chondrocytes, and more specific details can be found in Table 2. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA Xist on both chromosome dosage compensation and pathogenesis (especially cancer) processes, with a focus on the regulatory network of lncRNA Xist in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dongyi Zhang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Lingyun Zhu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
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Osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma: Clinical aspects, biomarker discovery and liquid biopsy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 162:103340. [PMID: 33894338 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone sarcomas, although rare, are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The most frequent primary bone cancers include osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. The treatment approaches are heterogeneous and mainly chosen based on precise tumour staging. Unfortunately, clinical outcome has not changed significantly in over 30 years and tumour grade is still the best prognosticator of metastatic disease and survival. An option to improve this scenario is to identify molecular biomarkers in the early stage of the disease, or even before the disease onset. Blood-based liquid biopsies are a promising, non-invasive way to achieve this goal and there are an increasing number of studies which investigate their potential application in bone cancer diagnosis, prognosis and personalised therapy. This review summarises the interplay between clinical and molecular aspects of the three main bone sarcomas, alongside biomarker discovery and promising applications of liquid biopsy in each tumour context.
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Silva JDDE, de Oliveira RR, da Silva MT, Carvalho MDDB, Pedroso RB, Pelloso SM. Breast Cancer Mortality in Young Women in Brazil. Front Oncol 2021; 10:569933. [PMID: 33585192 PMCID: PMC7874105 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.569933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Malignant breast cancer is the leading cause of death by cancer in young women. The study aimed to determine if breast cancer mortality among young women has increased between the period from 1996 to 2017 in Brazil. Methods A time-series analysis of breast cancer mortality rate in young women (20–39 years old) was carried out. Mortality data, from 1996 to 2017, were collected from the Mortality Information System of the Health Ministry, and demographic data, from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Trends in mortality were performed by Joinpoint Regression, the spatial distribution of the mortality rate was done with the QGIZ Software version 2.18, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to correlate the mortality rates with the Human Development Index. Results There was an increase in breast cancer mortality rates in young women in the majority of Brazilian states, with an upward trend in all regions. The correlation with the Municipal Human Development Index, income, and education had a significant impact on the mortality rate for women from 30–39 years old in both time frames evaluated and for women from 20–29 years old, only from 1996 to 2000. Conclusion The data obtained in the study, showed that even though the breast cancer mortality rate of young women is lower than women over 40 years old, it has been increasing in all regions of Brazil, mostly for women from 30–39 years old, suggesting that this group should be included in screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana Teixeira da Silva
- Health Sciences Department, Graduate Program in Health Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Raissa Bocchi Pedroso
- Health Sciences Department, Graduate Program in Health Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Sandra Marisa Pelloso
- Health Sciences Department, Graduate Program in Health Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.,Health Sciences Department, Graduate Program in Nursing, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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11
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Aljuhani WS, Alanazi AM, Alghafees MA. Primary bone sarcomas in KSA: A Saudi tumor registry review. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2020; 16:77-85. [PMID: 33603635 PMCID: PMC7858035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The geographical incidence of tumours is usually influenced by the environment, race, and culture. This study aimed to report the incidence and differences in tumour type, site of origin, and mortality across gender, regions, age, and the different characteristics of tumour types. Methods This retrospective cohort study included all patients diagnosed with primary bone sarcomas from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2017. Frequencies and percentages were generated for categorical variables. Means and standard deviations were calculated for quantitative variables. A chi-squared test was used to detect differences among categorical variables. Student-t, ANOVA, and Tukey tests were used to detect differences among quantitative variables. Lastly, we calculated the incidence of each tumour type. Results Of 451 patients, 248 (55%) had osteosarcomas; 160 (35.5%) had Ewing's sarcoma, and 43 (9.5%) had chondrosarcoma. The incidence was 1.56 cases per 1,000,000 per year for osteosarcoma, 0.95 cases per 1,000,000 per year for Ewing's sarcoma, and 0.27 cases per million per year for chondrosarcoma. The three-year survival rate was 82.30%. Significant differences in tumour type, origin site, and three-year survival across age and gender were detected. Similarly, significant differences were also noted in origin site, grade, basis of diagnosis, and lateralisation across tumour types. Conclusions In our study, the observed bone sarcoma incidence rates were lower than the ones reported worldwide. Understanding the pattern of tumour behaviour in the region will help develop a risk and response-based treatment plan for early decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wazzan S Aljuhani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Abdullah M Alanazi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Mohammad A Alghafees
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, KSA
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Oncological and endoprosthetic outcomes of bone sarcoma patients: a nationwide cohort study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2019; 30:31-35. [PMID: 31324968 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-019-02503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively analyze the entire cohort of patients in the Republic of Slovenia diagnosed with bone sarcomas in the long bones or pelvis/sacrum/coccyx from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2018, with an observational nationwide study, whereby all patients were evaluated by one single tumor board in the country. We evaluated surgical outcomes and tested whether survival of bone sarcoma patients depended on age, gender, histological diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cancer Registry of the Republic of Slovenia was screened for all ICD-10 diagnoses from C40.0 to C40.9 and C41.4 in the designated time frame, and the patients were then clinically followed up until the end of the observation period on June 1, 2019. RESULTS The cohort of 160 patients was treated surgically in 141 cases, 29 patients required subsequent revision(s) and cumulative endoprosthetic infection rate was 12.5%. In the follow-up, 54 patients died and the 2 patients were missing. Cumulative proportion of survival at 5/10 years was 61%/54%, respectively. After adjustment for age, gender and diagnosis, higher age (odds ratio 1.06 for each additional year), osteosarcoma (odds ratio 4.07) and Ewing sarcoma (odds ratio 11.68) were the significant risk factors of shorter oncological survival. CONCLUSION This is the first Slovenian nationwide cohort study of bone sarcoma patients, unique in its circumscribed geographic area and evaluation/treatment at a single center by a single tumor board. Although comparable to other countries, results show a grim picture and the lack of improvement in bone sarcoma survival within the last 20 years.
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