1
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Sharma M, Unni SN, Shaji C, Balasubramanian S, Sundaram S. Characterizing colon cancer stages through optical polarimetry-assisted digital staining. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:59. [PMID: 38336913 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Tissue polarimetry has been gaining importance in extracting useful diagnostic information from the structural attributes of tissues, which vary in response to the tissue health status and hence find great potential in cancer diagnosis. However, the complexities associated with cancer make it challenging to isolate the characteristic changes as the tumor progresses using polarimetry. This study attempts to experimentally characterize the polarimetric behavior in colon cancer associated with various stages of development. Bulk and unstained sections of normal and tumor colon tissue were imaged in the reflection and transmission polarimetry configurations at low and high imaging resolutions using an in-house developed Mueller polarimeter. Through this study, we observed that the information about the major contributors of scattering in colon tissue, manifesting in depolarization and retardance, can be obtained from the bulk tissue and unstained sections. These parameters aid in characterizing the polarimetric changes as the colon tumor progresses. While the unstained colon section best indicated the depolarization contrast between normal and tumor, the contrast through the retardance parameter was more pronounced in the bulk colon tissue. The results suggest that the polarimetric "digitally stained" images obtained by Mueller polarimetry are comparable with the bulk tissue counterparts, making it useful for characterizing colon cancer tissues across different stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Sharma
- Biophotonics Lab, Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Sujatha Narayanan Unni
- Biophotonics Lab, Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
| | - Chitra Shaji
- Biophotonics Lab, Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Subalakshmi Balasubramanian
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, SRIHER, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Sandhya Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, SRIHER, Porur, Chennai, India
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2
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Cameron O, Neves JF, Gentleman E. Listen to Your Gut: Key Concepts for Bioengineering Advanced Models of the Intestine. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302165. [PMID: 38009508 PMCID: PMC10837392 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The intestine performs functions central to human health by breaking down food and absorbing nutrients while maintaining a selective barrier against the intestinal microbiome. Key to this barrier function are the combined efforts of lumen-lining specialized intestinal epithelial cells, and the supportive underlying immune cell-rich stromal tissue. The discovery that the intestinal epithelium can be reproduced in vitro as intestinal organoids introduced a new way to understand intestinal development, homeostasis, and disease. However, organoids reflect the intestinal epithelium in isolation whereas the underlying tissue also contains myriad cell types and impressive chemical and structural complexity. This review dissects the cellular and matrix components of the intestine and discusses strategies to replicate them in vitro using principles drawing from bottom-up biological self-organization and top-down bioengineering. It also covers the cellular, biochemical and biophysical features of the intestinal microenvironment and how these can be replicated in vitro by combining strategies from organoid biology with materials science. Particularly accessible chemistries that mimic the native extracellular matrix are discussed, and bioengineering approaches that aim to overcome limitations in modelling the intestine are critically evaluated. Finally, the review considers how further advances may extend the applications of intestinal models and their suitability for clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Cameron
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
| | - Joana F. Neves
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LausanneLausanne1005Switzerland
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3
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Mierke CT. Extracellular Matrix Cues Regulate Mechanosensing and Mechanotransduction of Cancer Cells. Cells 2024; 13:96. [PMID: 38201302 PMCID: PMC10777970 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular biophysical properties have particular implications for a wide spectrum of cellular behaviors and functions, including growth, motility, differentiation, apoptosis, gene expression, cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion, and signal transduction including mechanotransduction. Cells not only react to unambiguously mechanical cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM), but can occasionally manipulate the mechanical features of the matrix in parallel with biological characteristics, thus interfering with downstream matrix-based cues in both physiological and pathological processes. Bidirectional interactions between cells and (bio)materials in vitro can alter cell phenotype and mechanotransduction, as well as ECM structure, intentionally or unintentionally. Interactions between cell and matrix mechanics in vivo are of particular importance in a variety of diseases, including primarily cancer. Stiffness values between normal and cancerous tissue can range between 500 Pa (soft) and 48 kPa (stiff), respectively. Even the shear flow can increase from 0.1-1 dyn/cm2 (normal tissue) to 1-10 dyn/cm2 (cancerous tissue). There are currently many new areas of activity in tumor research on various biological length scales, which are highlighted in this review. Moreover, the complexity of interactions between ECM and cancer cells is reduced to common features of different tumors and the characteristics are highlighted to identify the main pathways of interaction. This all contributes to the standardization of mechanotransduction models and approaches, which, ultimately, increases the understanding of the complex interaction. Finally, both the in vitro and in vivo effects of this mechanics-biology pairing have key insights and implications for clinical practice in tumor treatment and, consequently, clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Biological Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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4
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Soutoglou E, Oberdoerffer P. Maintenance of genome integrity under physical constraints. Chromosoma 2024; 133:1-3. [PMID: 38355990 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-024-00816-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Evi Soutoglou
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, Sussex University, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK.
| | - Philipp Oberdoerffer
- Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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5
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Wang M, Phan S, Hayes BH, Discher DE. Genetic heterogeneity in p53-null leukemia increases transiently with spindle assembly checkpoint inhibition and is not rescued by p53. Chromosoma 2024; 133:77-92. [PMID: 37256347 PMCID: PMC10828900 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-023-00800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome gains or losses often lead to copy number variations (CNV) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Both quantities are low in hematologic "liquid" cancers versus solid tumors in data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) that also shows the fraction of a genome affected by LOH is ~ one-half of that with CNV. Suspension cultures of p53-null THP-1 leukemia-derived cells conform to these trends, despite novel evidence here of genetic heterogeneity and transiently elevated CNV after perturbation. Single-cell DNAseq indeed reveals at least 8 distinct THP-1 aneuploid clones with further intra-clonal variation, suggesting ongoing genetic evolution. Importantly, acute inhibition of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) produces CNV levels that are typical of high-CNV solid tumors, with subsequent cell death and down-selection to novel CNV. Pan-cancer analyses show p53 inactivation associates with aneuploidy, but leukemias exhibit a weaker trend even though p53 inactivation correlates with poor survival. Overexpression of p53 in THP-1 does not rescue established aneuploidy or LOH but slightly increases cell death under oxidative or confinement stress, and triggers p21, a key p53 target, but without affecting net growth. Our results suggest that factors other than p53 exert stronger pressures against aneuploidy in liquid cancers, and identifying such CNV suppressors could be useful across liquid and solid tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Wang
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Steven Phan
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brandon H Hayes
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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6
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Zadvornyi T, Lukianova N, Mushii O, Pavlova A, Voronina O, Chekhun V. Benign and malignant prostate neoplasms show different spatial organization of collagen. Croat Med J 2023; 64:413-420. [PMID: 38168522 PMCID: PMC10797232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the indicators of the spatial organization of collagen and its regulating factors between benign and malignant prostate neoplasms. METHODS The study involved tumor tissue samples from 40 patients with stage II-III prostate cancer (PCa) and 20 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The localization of collagen was determined with a Masson trichrome stain. To establish quantitative indicators of the spatial organization of collagen, morphometric studies were carried out with the CurveAlign and ImageJ programs. RESULTS PCa tissue had two times lower collagen density (P<0.0001) and 1.3 times lower levels of collagen alignment (P=0.018) compared with BPH tissue. In PCa tissue, collagen fibers were shorter (by 24.2%; P<0.001) and thicker (by 15.5%; P<0.001). PCa tissue samples showed significantly higher levels of metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 (by 2.4 times; P=0.001), MMP-8 (by 2.3 times; P=0.007), and MMP-13 (by 1.9 times; P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS Collagen matrix spatial organization features, as well as its regulatory factors, could be potential biomarkers of malignant prostate neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras Zadvornyi
- Taras Zadvornyi, R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vasylkivska str. 45, Kyiv-03022, Ukraine,
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7
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Chen W, Wang Y, Gu H, Zhang Y, Chen C, Yu T, Chen T. Molecular characteristics, clinical significance, and immune landscape of extracellular matrix remodeling-associated genes in colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1109181. [PMID: 37621680 PMCID: PMC10446763 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1109181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is one of the hallmark events in cancer and has been shown to be closely related to tumor immunity. Immunotherapy has evolved as an important tool to treat various cancers and improve patient prognosis. The positive response to immunotherapy relies on the unique interaction between cancer and the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the relationship between ECM remodeling and clinical outcomes, immune cell infiltration, and immunotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. Methods We systematically evaluated 69 ECM remodeling-associated genes (EAGs) and comprehensively identified interactions between ECM remodeling and prognosis and the immune microenvironment in CRC patients. The EAG_score was used to quantify the subtype of ECM remodeling in patients. We then assessed their value in predicting prognosis and responding to treatment in CRC. Results After elaborating the molecular characteristics of ECM remodeling-related genes in CRC patients, a model consisting of two ECM remodeling-related genes (MEIS2, SLC2A3) was developed for predicting the prognosis of CRC patients, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan-Meier (K-M) analysis verified its reliable predictive ability. Furthermore, we created a highly reliable nomogram to enhance the clinical feasibility of the EAG_score. Significantly differences in TME and immune function, such as macrophages and CD8+ T cells, were observed between high- and low-risk CRC patients. In addition, drug sensitivity is also strongly related to EAG_score. Conclusion Overall, we developed a prognostic model associated with ECM remodeling, provided meaningful clinical implications for immunotherapy, and facilitated individualized treatment for CRC patients. Further studies are needed to reveal the underlying mechanisms of ECM remodeling in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haitao Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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8
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Safaei S, Sajed R, Shariftabrizi A, Dorafshan S, Saeednejad Zanjani L, Dehghan Manshadi M, Madjd Z, Ghods R. Tumor matrix stiffness provides fertile soil for cancer stem cells. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:143. [PMID: 37468874 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02992-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix stiffness is a mechanical characteristic of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that increases from the tumor core to the tumor periphery in a gradient pattern in a variety of solid tumors and can promote proliferation, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a rare subpopulation of tumor cells with self-renewal, asymmetric cell division, and differentiation capabilities. CSCs are thought to be responsible for metastasis, tumor recurrence, chemotherapy resistance, and consequently poor clinical outcomes. Evidence suggests that matrix stiffness can activate receptors and mechanosensor/mechanoregulator proteins such as integrin, FAK, and YAP, modulating the characteristics of tumor cells as well as CSCs through different molecular signaling pathways. A deeper understanding of the effect of matrix stiffness on CSCs characteristics could lead to development of innovative cancer therapies. In this review, we discuss how the stiffness of the ECM is sensed by the cells and how the cells respond to this environmental change as well as the effect of matrix stiffness on CSCs characteristics and also the key malignant processes such as proliferation and EMT. Then, we specifically focus on how increased matrix stiffness affects CSCs in breast, lung, liver, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers. We also discuss how the molecules responsible for increased matrix stiffness and the signaling pathways activated by the enhanced stiffness can be manipulated as a therapeutic strategy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Safaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran
| | - Roya Sajed
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran
| | - Ahmad Shariftabrizi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shima Dorafshan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran
| | - Leili Saeednejad Zanjani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Masoumeh Dehghan Manshadi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran.
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran.
| | - Roya Ghods
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran.
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, Tehran, 14496-14530, Iran.
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9
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Song N, Li K, Lei S, Wang J, Wang Z, Zhang W. CILP2: A prognostic biomarker associated with immune infiltration in colorectal cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15535. [PMID: 37144183 PMCID: PMC10151353 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The function played by cartilage intermediate layer protein 2 (CILP2) between colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and immune response remains unclear, especially with respect to immune cell infiltration and checkpoints. Materials and Methods: We examined CILP2 expression in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) COAD-READ cohort and analyzed its relationship with clinicopathological features, mutations, survival, and immunity. Gene ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, and gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) were performed to determine CILP2 related pathways. To further investigate the results of TCGA analysis, validation was performed using CRC cell lines, fresh pathological tissues, and a CRC tissue microarray (TMA). Results: In both TCGA and TMA cohorts, CILP2 expression was increased in CRC tissues and was associated with patient T stage (T3 and T4), N stage (N1), pathological stage (III and IV), and overall survival. Immune cell infiltration and checkpoint analysis revealed that CILP2 expression is highly correlated with multiple immune marker genes, including PD-1. In addition, results of enrichment analysis indicated that CILP2 related genes was mainly enriched in extracellular matrix related functions. Conclusion: Elevated CILP2 expression is associated with adverse CRC clinical features and immune cells, it has potential as a biomarker detrimental to CRC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Niping Song
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaiqiang Li
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Allergy Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Siyun Lei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Allergy Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310005, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310005, China.
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10
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Narciso M, Martínez Á, Júnior C, Díaz-Valdivia N, Ulldemolins A, Berardi M, Neal K, Navajas D, Farré R, Alcaraz J, Almendros I, Gavara N. Lung Micrometastases Display ECM Depletion and Softening While Macrometastases Are 30-Fold Stiffer and Enriched in Fibronectin. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082404. [PMID: 37190331 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical changes in tumors have long been linked to increased malignancy and therapy resistance and attributed to mechanical changes in the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM). However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no mechanical studies on decellularized tumors. Here, we studied the biochemical and mechanical progression of the tumor ECM in two models of lung metastases: lung carcinoma (CAR) and melanoma (MEL). We decellularized the metastatic lung sections, measured the micromechanics of the tumor ECM, and stained the sections for ECM proteins, proliferation, and cell death markers. The same methodology was applied to MEL mice treated with the clinically approved anti-fibrotic drug nintedanib. When compared to healthy ECM (~0.40 kPa), CAR and MEL lung macrometastases produced a highly dense and stiff ECM (1.79 ± 1.32 kPa, CAR and 6.39 ± 3.37 kPa, MEL). Fibronectin was overexpressed from the early stages (~118%) to developed macrometastases (~260%) in both models. Surprisingly, nintedanib caused a 4-fold increase in ECM-occupied tumor area (5.1 ± 1.6% to 18.6 ± 8.9%) and a 2-fold in-crease in ECM stiffness (6.39 ± 3.37 kPa to 12.35 ± 5.74 kPa). This increase in stiffness strongly correlated with an increase in necrosis, which reveals a potential link between tumor hypoxia and ECM deposition and stiffness. Our findings highlight fibronectin and tumor ECM mechanics as attractive targets in cancer therapy and support the need to identify new anti-fibrotic drugs to abrogate aberrant ECM mechanics in metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Narciso
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- The Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - África Martínez
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Constança Júnior
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- The Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Díaz-Valdivia
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- The Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Ulldemolins
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Massimiliano Berardi
- LaserLab, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Optics11, Hettenheuvelweg 37-39, 1101 BM Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kate Neal
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- The Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 08036 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 08036 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Alcaraz
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- The Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 08036 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Gavara
- Unit of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- The Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Guo J, Huang J, Lei S, Wan D, Liang B, Yan H, Liu Y, Feng Y, Yang S, He J, Kong D, Shi J, Wang S. Construction of Rapid Extracellular Matrix-Deposited Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts Induced by Hypoxia in a Bioreactor. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:844-855. [PMID: 36723920 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease has become one of the most globally prevalent diseases, and autologous or vascular graft transplantation has been the main treatment for the end stage of the disease. However, there are no commercialized small-diameter vascular graft (SDVG) products available. The design of SDVGs is promising in the future, and SDVG preparation using an in vitro bioreactor is a favorable method, but it faces the problem of long-term culture of >8 weeks. Herein, we used different oxygen (O2) concentrations and mechanical stimulation to induce greater secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) from cells in vitro to rapidly prepare SDVGs. Culturing with 2% O2 significantly increased the production of the ECM components and growth factors of human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs). To accelerate the formation of ECM, hDFs were seeded on a polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold and cultured in a flow culture bioreactor with 2% O2 for only 3 weeks. After orthotopic transplantation in rat abdominal aorta, the cultured SDVGs (PCL-decellularized ECM) showed excellent endothelialization and smooth muscle regeneration. The vascular grafts cultured with hypoxia and mechanical stimulation could accelerate the reconstruction speed and obtain an improved therapeutic effect and thereby provide a new research direction for improving the production and supply of SDVGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shaojin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dongdong Wan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Boyuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Ju He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Deling Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China.,Wenzhou Safety (Emergency) Institute, Tianjin University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Weijin Road 94, Tianjin 300071, China
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12
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Monteiro-Reis S, Ferreira JPS, Pires RA, Lobo J, Carvalho JA, Reis RL, Jorge RN, Jerónimo C. Bladder Wall Stiffness after Cystectomy in Bladder Cancer Patients: A Preliminary Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020359. [PMID: 36672309 PMCID: PMC9856862 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BlCa), specifically urothelial carcinomas, is a heterogeneous disease that derives from the urothelial lining. Two main classes of BlCa are acknowledged: the non-muscle invasive BlCa and the muscle-invasive BlCa; the latter constituting an aggressive disease which invades locally and metastasizes systemically. Distinguishing the specific microenvironment that cancer cells experience between mucosa and muscularis propria layers can help elucidate how these cells acquire invasive capacities. In this work, we propose to measure the micromechanical properties of both mucosa and muscularis propria layers of the bladder wall of BlCa patients, using atomic force microscopy (AFM). To do that, two cross-sections of both the macroscopically normal urinary bladder wall and the bladder wall adjacent to the tumor were collected and immediately frozen, prior to AFM samples analysis. The respective "twin" formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue fragments were processed and later evaluated for histopathological examination. H&E staining suggested that tumors promoted the development of muscle-like structures in the mucosa surrounding the neoplastic region. The average Young's modulus (cell stiffness) in tumor-adjacent specimens was significantly higher in the muscularis propria than in the mucosa. Similarly, the tumor-free specimens had significantly higher Young's moduli in the muscularis propria than in the urothelium. Young's moduli were higher in all layers of tumor-adjacent tissues when compared with tumor-free samples. Here we provide insights into the stiffness of the bladder wall layers, and we show that the presence of tumor in the surrounding mucosa leads to an alteration of its smooth muscle content. The quantitative assessment of stiffness range here presented provides essential data for future research on BlCa and for understanding how the biomechanical stimuli can modulate cancer cells' capacity to invade through the different bladder layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Monteiro-Reis
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - João P. S. Ferreira
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo A. Pires
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Lobo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - João A. Carvalho
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Urology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Renato Natal Jorge
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +351-225084000
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13
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Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Induced in Cancer Cells by Adhesion to Type I Collagen. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010198. [PMID: 36613638 PMCID: PMC9820580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important biological process that is physiologically observed during development, wound healing, and cancer invasion. During EMT induction, cancer cells lose their epithelial properties owing to various tumor microenvironmental factors and begin to exhibit mesenchymal properties, such as loss of apical-basal polarity, weakened intercellular adhesion, and promotion of single cell migration. Several factors, including growth factor stimulation and adhesion to type I collagen (Col-I), induce EMT in cancer cells. Cells adhere to Col-I via specific receptors and induce EMT by activating outside-in signals. In vivo, Col-I molecules often form fibrils, which then assemble into supramolecular structures (gel form). Col-I also self-assembles in vitro under physiological conditions. Notably, Col-I can be used as a culture substrate in both gel and non-gel forms, and the gel formation state of Col-I affects cell fate. Although EMT can be induced in both forms of Col-I, the effects of gel formation on EMT induction remain unclear and somewhat inconsistent. Therefore, this study reviews the relationship between Col-I gel-forming states and EMT induction in cancer cells.
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14
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Deng B, Zhao Z, Kong W, Han C, Shen X, Zhou C. Biological role of matrix stiffness in tumor growth and treatment. J Transl Med 2022; 20:540. [PMID: 36419159 PMCID: PMC9682678 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the biological role of changes in physical factors in carcinogenesis and progression has attracted increasing attention. Matrix stiffness, also known as ECM stress, is a critical physical factor of tumor microenvironment and remains alternating during carcinogenesis as a result of ECM remodeling through activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts and extracellular collagen accumulation, crosslinking and fibrosis. Different content and density of extracellular collagen in ECM endows matrix with varying stiffness. Physical signals induced by matrix stiffness are transmitted to tumor cells primarily by the integrins receptor family and trigger a series of mechanotransduction that result in changes in tumor cell morphology, proliferative capacity, and invasive ability. Importantly, accumulating evidence revealed that changes in matrix stiffness in tumor tissues greatly control the sensitivity of tumor cells in response to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy through integrin signaling, YAP signaling, and related signaling pathways. Here, the present review analyzes the current research advances on matrix stiffness and tumor cell behavior with a view to contributing to tumor cell growth and treatment, with the hope of improving the understanding of the biological role of matrix stiffness in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boer Deng
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Weimin Kong
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Chao Han
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaochang Shen
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
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15
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Guo Y, Wang M, Zou Y, Jin L, Zhao Z, Liu Q, Wang S, Li J. Mechanisms of chemotherapeutic resistance and the application of targeted nanoparticles for enhanced chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:371. [PMID: 35953863 PMCID: PMC9367166 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is considered one of the major malignancies that threaten the lives and health of people around the world. Patients with CRC are prone to post-operative local recurrence or metastasis, and some patients are advanced at the time of diagnosis and have no chance for complete surgical resection. These factors make chemotherapy an indispensable and important tool in treating CRC. However, the complex composition of the tumor microenvironment and the interaction of cellular and interstitial components constitute a tumor tissue with high cell density, dense extracellular matrix, and high osmotic pressure, inevitably preventing chemotherapeutic drugs from entering and acting on tumor cells. As a result, a novel drug carrier system with targeted nanoparticles has been applied to tumor therapy. It can change the physicochemical properties of drugs, facilitate the crossing of drug molecules through physiological and pathological tissue barriers, and increase the local concentration of nanomedicines at lesion sites. In addition to improving drug efficacy, targeted nanoparticles also reduce side effects, enabling safer and more effective disease diagnosis and treatment and improving bioavailability. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which infiltrating cells and other stromal components of the tumor microenvironment comprise barriers to chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. The research and application of targeted nanoparticles in CRC treatment are also classified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Department of the General Surgery, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of the General Surgery, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Yongbo Zou
- Department of the General Surgery, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Longhai Jin
- Department of Radiology, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Zeyun Zhao
- Department of the General Surgery, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of the General Surgery, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of the Dermatology, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of the General Surgery, Jilin University Second Hospital, Changchun, 130000, China.
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16
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Nguyen DT, Ogando-Rivas E, Liu R, Wang T, Rubin J, Jin L, Tao H, Sawyer WW, Mendez-Gomez HR, Cascio M, Mitchell DA, Huang J, Sawyer WG, Sayour EJ, Castillo P. CAR T Cell Locomotion in Solid Tumor Microenvironment. Cells 2022; 11:1974. [PMID: 35741103 PMCID: PMC9221866 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The promising outcomes of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in hematologic malignancies potentiates its capability in the fight against many cancers. Nevertheless, this immunotherapy modality needs significant improvements for the treatment of solid tumors. Researchers have incrementally identified limitations and constantly pursued better CAR designs. However, even if CAR T cells are armed with optimal killer functions, they must overcome and survive suppressive barriers imposed by the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we will discuss in detail the important role of TME in CAR T cell trafficking and how the intrinsic barriers contribute to an immunosuppressive phenotype and cancer progression. It is of critical importance that preclinical models can closely recapitulate the in vivo TME to better predict CAR T activity. Animal models have contributed immensely to our understanding of human diseases, but the intensive care for the animals and unreliable representation of human biology suggest in vivo models cannot be the sole approach to CAR T cell therapy. On the other hand, in vitro models for CAR T cytotoxic assessment offer valuable insights to mechanistic studies at the single cell level, but they often lack in vivo complexities, inter-individual heterogeneity, or physiologically relevant spatial dimension. Understanding the advantages and limitations of preclinical models and their applications would enable more reliable prediction of better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy T. Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.T.N.); (W.W.S.); (W.G.S.)
| | - Elizabeth Ogando-Rivas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.O.-R.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (H.T.); (H.R.M.-G.); (D.A.M.); (J.H.); (E.J.S.)
| | - Ruixuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.O.-R.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (H.T.); (H.R.M.-G.); (D.A.M.); (J.H.); (E.J.S.)
| | - Theodore Wang
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Jacob Rubin
- Warrington College of Business, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Linchun Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.O.-R.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (H.T.); (H.R.M.-G.); (D.A.M.); (J.H.); (E.J.S.)
| | - Haipeng Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.O.-R.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (H.T.); (H.R.M.-G.); (D.A.M.); (J.H.); (E.J.S.)
| | - William W. Sawyer
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.T.N.); (W.W.S.); (W.G.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Hector R. Mendez-Gomez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.O.-R.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (H.T.); (H.R.M.-G.); (D.A.M.); (J.H.); (E.J.S.)
| | - Matthew Cascio
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Duane A. Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.O.-R.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (H.T.); (H.R.M.-G.); (D.A.M.); (J.H.); (E.J.S.)
| | - Jianping Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.O.-R.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (H.T.); (H.R.M.-G.); (D.A.M.); (J.H.); (E.J.S.)
| | - W. Gregory Sawyer
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (D.T.N.); (W.W.S.); (W.G.S.)
| | - Elias J. Sayour
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (E.O.-R.); (R.L.); (L.J.); (H.T.); (H.R.M.-G.); (D.A.M.); (J.H.); (E.J.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Paul Castillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
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17
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Darvishi B, Eisavand MR, Majidzadeh-A K, Farahmand L. Matrix stiffening and acquired resistance to chemotherapy: concepts and clinical significance. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1253-1263. [PMID: 35124704 PMCID: PMC9043195 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) refers to the non-cellular components of the tumour microenvironment, fundamentally providing a supportive scaffold for cellular anchorage and transducing signaling cues that orchestrate cellular behaviour and function. The ECM integrity is abrogated in several cases of cancer, ending in aberrant activation of a number of mechanotransduction pathways and induction of multiple tumorigenic events such as extended proliferation, cell death resistance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and most importantly the development of chemoresistance. In this regard, the present study mainly aims to elucidate how the ECM-stiffening process may contribute to the development of chemoresistance during cancer progression and what pharmacological approaches are required for tackling this issue. Hence, the first section of this review explains the process of ECM stiffening and the ways it may affect biochemical pathways to induce chemoresistance in a clinic. In addition, the second part focuses on describing some of the most important pharmacological agents capable of targeting ECM components and underlying pathways for overcoming ECM-induced chemoresistance. Finally, the third part discusses the obtained results from the application of these agents in the clinic for overcoming chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrad Darvishi
- grid.417689.5Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Eisavand
- grid.417689.5Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- grid.417689.5Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Farahmand
- grid.417689.5Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Karlsson S, Nyström H. The extracellular matrix in colorectal cancer and its metastatic settling – alterations and biological implications. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 175:103712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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19
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Zhao YY, Wang MM, Cui JF. New progress in the mechanism of microenvironment-driven chemoradiotherapy resistance in digestive system tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:341-348. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i8.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is the cornerstone of the survival of tumor cells. It generally presents unique physical and chemical characteristics such as hypoxia, immunosuppression, metabolic reprogramming, and matrix stiffening, which not only offer suitable soil to support tumorigenesis and progression, but also resist the effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Here, we summarize new progress in the mechanism of hypoxia, immunosuppression, metabolic reprogramming, and matrix stiffness-driven chemoradiotherapy resistance in digestive system tumors, and discuss the new intervention strategy against matrix stiffness-driven chemoradiotherapy resistance, which underlines the contribution of physical and chemical characteristics of tumor microenvironment in drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zhao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mi-Mi Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jie-Feng Cui
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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20
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Shi R, Zhang Z, Zhu A, Xiong X, Zhang J, Xu J, Sy MS, Li C. Targeting Type I Collagen for Cancer Treatment. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:665-683. [PMID: 35225360 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant protein in animals. Interactions between tumor cells and collagen influence every step of tumor development. Type I collagen is the main fibrillar collagen in the extracellular matrix and is frequently up-regulated during tumorigenesis. The binding of type I collagen to its receptors on tumor cells promotes tumor cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. Type I collagen also regulates the efficacy of tumor therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Furthermore, type I collagen fragments are diagnostic markers of metastatic tumors and have prognostic value. Inhibition of type I collagen synthesis has been reported to have anti-tumor effects in animal models. However, collagen has also been shown to possess anti-tumor activity. Therefore, the roles that type I collagen plays in tumor biology are complex and tumor type-dependent. In this review, we discuss the expression and regulation of synthesis of type I collagen, as well as the role up-regulated type I collagen plays in various stages of cancer progression. We also discuss the role of collagen in tumor therapy. Finally, we highlight several recent approaches targeting type I collagen for cancer treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Shi
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong High Education Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong High Education Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ankai Zhu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong High Education Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Xiong
- Department of Operating Room, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong High Education Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Man-Sun Sy
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Chaoyang Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong High Education Institute, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Deng J, Fleming JB. Inflammation and Myeloid Cells in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:759691. [PMID: 35127700 PMCID: PMC8814460 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.759691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the most immunotherapy drugs act upon T cell surface proteins to promote tumoricidal T cell activity. However, this approach has to date been unsuccessful in certain solid tumor types including pancreatic, prostate cancer and glioblastoma. Myeloid-related innate immunity can promote tumor progression through direct and indirect effects on T cell activity; improved understanding of this field may provide another therapeutic avenue for patients with these tumors. Myeloid cells can differentiate into both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mature form depending upon the microenvironment. Most cancer type exhibit oncogenic activating point mutations (ex. P53 and KRAS) that trigger cytokines production. In addition, tumor environment (ex. Collagen, Hypoxia, and adenosine) also regulated inflammatory signaling cascade. Both the intrinsic and extrinsic factor driving the tumor immune microenvironment and regulating the differentiation and function of myeloid cells, T cells activity and tumor progression. In this review, we will discuss the relationship between cancer cells and myeloid cells-mediated tumor immune microenvironment to promote cancer progression and immunotherapeutic resistance. Furthermore, we will describe how cytokines and chemokines produced by cancer cells influence myeloid cells within immunosuppressive environment. Finally, we will comment on the development of immunotherapeutic strategies with respect to myeloid-related innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenying Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jason B. Fleming
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Tampa, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Jason B. Fleming,
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22
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Marques-Magalhães Â, Cruz T, Costa ÂM, Estêvão D, Rios E, Canão PA, Velho S, Carneiro F, Oliveira MJ, Cardoso AP. Decellularized Colorectal Cancer Matrices as Bioactive Scaffolds for Studying Tumor-Stroma Interactions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020359. [PMID: 35053521 PMCID: PMC8773780 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
More than a physical structure providing support to tissues, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex and dynamic network of macromolecules that modulates the behavior of both cancer cells and associated stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Over the last few years, several efforts have been made to develop new models that accurately mimic the interconnections within the TME and specifically the biomechanical and biomolecular complexity of the tumor ECM. Particularly in colorectal cancer, the ECM is highly remodeled and disorganized and constitutes a key component that affects cancer hallmarks, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Therefore, several scaffolds produced from natural and/or synthetic polymers and ceramics have been used in 3D biomimetic strategies for colorectal cancer research. Nevertheless, decellularized ECM from colorectal tumors is a unique model that offers the maintenance of native ECM architecture and molecular composition. This review will focus on innovative and advanced 3D-based models of decellularized ECM as high-throughput strategies in colorectal cancer research that potentially fill some of the gaps between in vitro 2D and in vivo models. Our aim is to highlight the need for strategies that accurately mimic the TME for precision medicine and for studying the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Marques-Magalhães
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Cruz
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Margarida Costa
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Estêvão
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Rios
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Amoroso Canão
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgia Velho
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- IPATIMUP-Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Oliveira
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana Patrícia Cardoso
- i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.M.-M.); (T.C.); (Â.M.C.); (D.E.); (E.R.); (S.V.); (F.C.); (M.J.O.)
- INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-22-607-4900
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Zhao X, Hu J, Li Y, Guo M. Volumetric compression develops noise-driven single-cell heterogeneity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2110550118. [PMID: 34916290 PMCID: PMC8713786 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110550118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that extensive heterogeneity of biological systems arises through various routes ranging from intracellular chromosome segregation to spatiotemporally varying biochemical stimulations. However, the contribution of physical microenvironments to single-cell heterogeneity remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that a homogeneous population of non-small-cell lung carcinoma develops into heterogeneous subpopulations upon application of a homogeneous physical compression, as shown by single-cell transcriptome profiling. The generated subpopulations stochastically gain the signature genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT; VIM, CDH1, EPCAM, ZEB1, and ZEB2) and cancer stem cells (MKI67, BIRC5, and KLF4), respectively. Trajectory analysis revealed two bifurcated paths as cells evolving upon the physical compression, along each path the corresponding signature genes (epithelial or mesenchymal) gradually increase. Furthermore, we show that compression increases gene expression noise, which interplays with regulatory network architecture and thus generates differential cell-fate outcomes. The experimental observations of both single-cell sequencing and single-molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization agrees well with our computational modeling of regulatory network in the EMT process. These results demonstrate a paradigm of how mechanical stimulations impact cell-fate determination by altering transcription dynamics; moreover, we show a distinct path that the ecology and evolution of cancer interplay with their physical microenvironments from the view of mechanobiology and systems biology, with insight into the origin of single-cell heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jiliang Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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24
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Qin JC, Yu WT, Li HX, Liang YQ, Nong FF, Wen B. Cold exposure and capsaicin promote 1,2-dimethylhyrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats correlates with extracellular matrix remodeling. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6615-6630. [PMID: 34754156 PMCID: PMC8554402 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i39.6615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and stiffening, which are correlated with tumor malignancy, drives tumor development. However, the relationship between ECM remodeling and rat experimental model of 1,2-dimethylhyrazine (DMH)-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) imposed by cold and capsaicin exposure remains unclear.
AIM To explore the effects of cold exposure and capsaicin on ECM remodeling and ECM enzymes in DMH-induced CRC.
METHODS For histopathological analysis, the sections of colon tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, Picrosirius red, and Weigert’s Resorcin-Fuchsin to observe the remodeling of collagen and elastin. Additionally, the protein expression level of type I collagen (COL I), type 3 collagen (COL III0, elastin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1, MMP2, MMP9, and tissue-specific matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of COL I, COL III, elastin, and lysyl oxidase-like-2 (LOXL2) in the colon tissues of rats was measured by reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS Although no differences were observed in the proportion of adenomas, a trend towards the increase of invasive tumors was observed in the cold and capsaicin group. The cold exposure group had a metastasis rate compared with the other groups. Additionally, abnormal accumulation of both collagen and elastin was observed in the cold exposure and capsaicin group. Specifically, collagen quantitative analysis showed increased length, width, angle, and straightness compared with the DMH group. Collagen deposition and straightness were significantly increased in the cold exposure group compared with the capsaicin group. Cold exposure and capsaicin significantly increased the protein levels of COL I, elastin, and LOXL2 along with increases in their mRNA levels in the colon tissues compared with the DMH group, while COL III did not show a significant difference. Furthermore, in immunohistochemical evaluations, MMP1, MMP2, MMP9, and TIMP1 staining increased in the cold exposure and capsaicin group compared with the DMH group.
CONCLUSION These results suggest that chronic cold and capsaicin exposure further increased the deposition of collagen and elastin in the colonic tissue. Increased COL I and elastin mRNA and protein levels expression may account for the enhanced ECM remodel and stiffness variations of colon tissue. The upregulated expression of the LOXL2 and physiological imbalance between MMP/TIMP activation and deactivation could contribute to the progression of the CRC resulting from cold and capsaicin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Chun Qin
- Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong 530001, Guangdong Province, China
- Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Guangxi, 545006, Guangxi Province China
| | - Wei-Tao Yu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui-Xuan Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong 510000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Qi Liang
- Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong 530001, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fei-Fei Nong
- Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong 530001, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Institute of Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong 530001, Guangdong Province, China
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25
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Aasebø E, Brenner AK, Hernandez-Valladares M, Birkeland E, Mjaavatten O, Reikvam H, Selheim F, Berven FS, Bruserud Ø. Patient Heterogeneity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Leukemic Cell Communication by Release of Soluble Mediators and Its Effects on Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9040074. [PMID: 34698165 PMCID: PMC8544451 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive bone marrow malignancy, and non-leukemic stromal cells (including mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs) are involved in leukemogenesis and show AML-supporting effects. We investigated how constitutive extracellular mediator release by primary human AML cells alters proteomic profiles of normal bone marrow MSCs. An average of 6814 proteins (range 6493−6918 proteins) were quantified for 41 MSC cultures supplemented with AML-cell conditioned medium, whereas an average of 6715 proteins (range 6703−6722) were quantified for untreated control MSCs. The AML effect on global MSC proteomic profiles varied between patients. Hierarchical clustering analysis identified 10 patients (5/10 secondary AML) showing more extensive AML-effects on the MSC proteome, whereas the other 31 patients clustered together with the untreated control MSCs and showed less extensive AML-induced effects. These two patient subsets differed especially with regard to MSC levels of extracellular matrix and mitochondrial/metabolic regulatory proteins. Less than 10% of MSC proteins were significantly altered by the exposure to AML-conditioned media; 301 proteins could only be quantified after exposure to conditioned medium and 201 additional proteins were significantly altered compared with the levels in control samples (153 increased, 48 decreased). The AML-modulated MSC proteins formed several interacting networks mainly reflecting intracellular organellar structure/trafficking but also extracellular matrix/cytokine signaling, and a single small network reflecting altered DNA replication. Our results suggest that targeting of intracellular trafficking and/or intercellular communication is a possible therapeutic strategy in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Aasebø
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (H.R.)
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
| | - Annette K. Brenner
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (H.R.)
| | - Maria Hernandez-Valladares
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
| | - Even Birkeland
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
| | - Olav Mjaavatten
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (H.R.)
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode Selheim
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
| | - Frode S. Berven
- The Proteomics Facility of the University of Bergen (PROBE), University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.H.-V.); (E.B.); (O.M.); (F.S.); (F.S.B.)
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (E.A.); (A.K.B.); (H.R.)
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence:
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26
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Zhu J, Luo C, Zhao J, Zhu X, Lin K, Bu F, Yu Z, Zou F, Zhu Z. Expression of LOX Suggests Poor Prognosis in Gastric Cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:718986. [PMID: 34595188 PMCID: PMC8476844 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.718986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is a key enzyme for the cross-linking of collagen and elastin in the extracellular matrix. This study evaluated the prognostic role of LOX in gastric cancer (GC) by analyzing the data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. Methods: The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to calculate the expression difference of LOX gene in gastric cancer and normal tissues. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate the expression level of LOX protein in gastric cancer. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate the survival difference between the high expression group and the low expression group in gastric cancer. The relationship between statistical clinicopathological characteristics and LOX gene expression was analyzed by Wilcoxon or Kruskal-Wallis test and logistic regression. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to find independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of GC patients. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to screen the possible mechanisms of LOX and GC. The CIBERSORT calculation method was used to evaluate the distribution of tumor-infiltrating immune cell (TIC) abundance. Results: LOX is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and is significantly related to poor overall survival. Wilcoxon or Kruskal-Wallis test and Logistic regression analysis showed, LOX overexpression is significantly correlated with T-stage progression in gastric cancer. Multivariate Cox regression analysis on TCGA and GEO data found that LOX (all p < 0.05) is an independent factor for poor GC prognosis. GSEA showed that high LOX expression is related to ECM receptor interaction, cancer, Hedgehog, TGF-beta, JAK-STAT, MAPK, Wnt, and mTOR signaling pathways. The expression level of LOX affects the immune activity of the tumor microenvironment in gastric cancer. Conclusion: High expression of LOX is a potential molecular indicator for poor prognosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiefeng Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kang Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fanqin Bu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhonglin Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Feilong Zou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhengming Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Fujita M, Suzuki H, Fukai F. Involvement of integrin-activating peptides derived from tenascin-C in colon cancer progression. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:980-994. [PMID: 34616507 PMCID: PMC8465449 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i9.980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is an adhesion modulatory protein present in the extracellular matrix that is highly expressed in several malignancies, including colon cancer. Although TNC is considered a negative prognostic factor for cancer patients, the substantial role of the TNC molecule in colorectal carcinogenesis and its malignant progression is poorly understood. We previously found that TNC has a cryptic functional site and that a TNC peptide containing this site, termed TNIIIA2, can potently and persistently activate beta1-integrins. In contrast, the peptide FNIII14, which contains a cryptic bioactive site within the fibronectin molecule, can inactivate beta1-integrins. This review presents the role of TNC in the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer and in the malignant progression of colon cancer, particularly the major involvement of its cryptic functional site TNIIIA2. We propose new possible prophylactic and therapeutic strategies based on inhibition of the TNIIIA2-induced beta1-integrin activation by peptide FNIII14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motomichi Fujita
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideo Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fumio Fukai
- Department of Molecular Patho-Physiology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
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28
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Hydrogel-based colorectal cancer organoid co-culture models. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:461-472. [PMID: 33388439 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The lack of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in patient-derived organoid (PDO) models is a major limitation as CAFs contribute to tumor progression and drug resistance. In the present study, we addressed this problem by establishing in vitro conditions that enable the co-culture of colorectal cancer (CRC) PDO with patient-derived CAFs. Considering that the CRC extracellular matrix is high in hyaluronan and collagen I, we hypothesized that hyaluronan-gelatin hydrogels may serve as a suitable alternative 3D matrix to traditionally used basement membrane extracts to support the co-culture of CRC PDO and CAFs. We report the development of in vitro models consisting of CRC PDO encapsulated within a well-defined three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronan-gelatin hydrogel and co-cultured with patient-derived CAFs. Through RNA- and whole -exome sequencing, we first show that these hydrogels are capable of maintaining key molecular characteristics of the original patient tumors in CRC PDO but not support the culture of CAFs. Further, based on our findings that CRC PDO culture medium poorly supports CAF viability, we developed a co-culture strategy that maintains the viability of both CRC PDO and CAFs. We found that even in the absence of growth factors conventionally used to support CRC PDO culture, CAFs were able to maintain the proliferation of the cultured CRC PDO in the hydrogels and restore distinct biological pathways absent in the PDO culture alone but present in patient tissues. Lastly, we demonstrate that these CRC PDO-CAFs co-culture models are suitable for evaluating standard-of-care drugs, making them potentially very useful for realizing personalized cancer medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We report the development of an engineered tumor microenvironment consisting of colorectal cancer patient-derived organoids (CRC PDO) encapsulated within a well-defined three-dimensional (3D) hyaluronan-gelatin hydrogel and co-cultured with patient-derived cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Through sequential culture, we found that in the absence of growth factors added to the co-culture, CAFs were able to maintain the proliferation of the cultured CRC PDO in the hydrogels and restore distinct biological pathways absent in the PDO culture alone but present in patient tissues. Lastly, we demonstrate that these CRC PDO-CAFs models are suitable for evaluating standard-of-care drugs, making them potentially very useful for realizing personalized cancer medicine.
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29
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Martinez-Vidal L, Murdica V, Venegoni C, Pederzoli F, Bandini M, Necchi A, Salonia A, Alfano M. Causal contributors to tissue stiffness and clinical relevance in urology. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1011. [PMID: 34446834 PMCID: PMC8390675 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanomedicine is an emerging field focused on characterizing mechanical changes in cells and tissues coupled with a specific disease. Understanding the mechanical cues that drive disease progression, and whether tissue stiffening can precede disease development, is crucial in order to define new mechanical biomarkers to improve and develop diagnostic and prognostic tools. Classically known stromal regulators, such as fibroblasts, and more recently acknowledged factors such as the microbiome and extracellular vesicles, play a crucial role in modifications to the stroma and extracellular matrix (ECM). These modifications ultimately lead to an alteration of the mechanical properties (stiffness) of the tissue, contributing to disease onset and progression. We describe here classic and emerging mediators of ECM remodeling, and discuss state-of-the-art studies characterizing mechanical fingerprints of urological diseases, showing a general trend between increased tissue stiffness and severity of disease. Finally, we point to the clinical potential of tissue stiffness as a diagnostic and prognostic factor in the urological field, as well as a possible target for new innovative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martinez-Vidal
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valentina Murdica
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Venegoni
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Pederzoli
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bandini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Salonia
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Alfano
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
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30
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Kim MS, Ha SE, Wu M, Zogg H, Ronkon CF, Lee MY, Ro S. Extracellular Matrix Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179185. [PMID: 34502094 PMCID: PMC8430714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular microenvironment composition and changes therein play an extremely important role in cancer development. Changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM), which constitutes a majority of the tumor stroma, significantly contribute to the development of the tumor microenvironment. These alterations within the ECM and formation of the tumor microenvironment ultimately lead to tumor development, invasion, and metastasis. The ECM is composed of various molecules such as collagen, elastin, laminin, fibronectin, and the MMPs that cleave these protein fibers and play a central role in tissue remodeling. When healthy cells undergo an insult like DNA damage and become cancerous, if the ECM does not support these neoplastic cells, further development, invasion, and metastasis fail to occur. Therefore, ECM-related cancer research is indispensable, and ECM components can be useful biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets. Colorectal cancer specifically, is also affected by the ECM and many studies have been conducted to unravel the complex association between the two. Here we summarize the importance of several ECM components in colorectal cancer as well as their potential roles as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seob Kim
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.-S.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Se-Eun Ha
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.-E.H.); (H.Z.); (C.F.R.)
| | - Moxin Wu
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.-S.K.); (M.W.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Hannah Zogg
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.-E.H.); (H.Z.); (C.F.R.)
| | - Charles F. Ronkon
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.-E.H.); (H.Z.); (C.F.R.)
| | - Moon-Young Lee
- Department of Physiology, Digestive Disease Research Institute and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (M.-S.K.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Seungil Ro
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (S.-E.H.); (H.Z.); (C.F.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.L.); (S.R.)
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Ghura H, Keimer M, von Au A, Hackl N, Klemis V, Nakchbandi IA. Inhibition of fibronectin accumulation suppresses tumor growth. Neoplasia 2021; 23:837-850. [PMID: 34298233 PMCID: PMC8322122 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the extracellular matrix affects cancer development constitutes an emerging research field. Fibronectin and collagen are two intriguing matrix components found in cancer. Large concentrations of fibronectin or collagen type I have been implicated in poor prognosis in patients. In a mouse model, we had shown that genetically decreasing circulating fibronectin resulted in smaller tumors. We therefore aimed to manipulate fibronectin pharmacologically and determine how cancer development is affected. Deletion of fibronectin in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) using shRNA (knockdown: Kd) improved survival and diminished tumor burden in a model of metastatic lesions and in a model of local growth. Based on these findings, it seemed reasonable to attempt to prevent fibronectin accumulation using a bacterial derived peptide called pUR4. Treatment with this peptide for 10 days in the breast cancer local growth model or for 5 days in a melanoma skin cancer model (B16) was associated with a significant suppression of cancer growth. Treatment aimed at inhibiting collagen type I accumulation without interfering with fibronectin could not affect any changes in vivo. In the absence of fibronectin, diminished cancer progression was due to inhibition of proliferation, even though changes in blood vessels were also detected. Decreased proliferation could be attributed to decreased ERK phosphorylation and diminished YAP expression. In summary, manipulating fibronectin diminishes cancer progression, mostly by suppressing cell proliferation. This suggests that matrix modulation could be used as an adjuvant to conventional therapy as long as a decrease in fibronectin is obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Ghura
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marin Keimer
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja von Au
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norman Hackl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Klemis
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Inaam A Nakchbandi
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Max-Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany; Max-Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
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Analysis of Colorectal Carcinogenesis Paradigm between Cold Constitution and Heat Constitution: Earlier ECM Collagen Deposition. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5547578. [PMID: 34335820 PMCID: PMC8313331 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5547578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor around the world. Studying the unique constitution of CRC patients is conducive to the application of personalized medical treatment for CRC. The most common types of constitution in CRC are cold and heat constitution. A previous study has suggested that the malignant progression in cold and heat constitution CRC are different; however, the mechanism remains unclear. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is likely to vary with each individual constitution, which may affect the tumor growth in different constitutions. The extracellular matrix (ECM), the most important component of TME, plays a critical role in disease progression and outcome in patients with CRC. Moreover, collagen, the major component of the ECM, determines the main functional characteristics of ECM and tissue fibrosis caused by collagen deposition, which is one of the signs of CRC malignant progression. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms leading to different colorectal carcinogenesis paradigms between the cold constitution and heat constitution within the context of ECM collagen deposition. We established the CRC rat models and enrolled 30 CRC patients with cold and heat constitution. The collagen-related parameters were detected by using Sirius red staining combined with polarized light microscope, and expressions of collagen (COL I and COL III) and lysyl oxidase (LOX and LOXL2) were determined using immunohistochemistry, while the mRNA levels of COL1A1, COL3A1, LOX, and LOXL2 were measured by qRT-PCR. We found that a higher degree of collagen deposition in the cold-constitution group. The results suggest cold and heat constitution may affect the colorectal carcinogenesis paradigm by influencing the early collagen deposition in colon tissue. The study may provide an effective idea for clinicians to improve the prognosis of CRC patients with different constitutions.
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Sznurkowska MK, Aceto N. The gate to metastasis: key players in cancer cell intravasation. FEBS J 2021; 289:4336-4354. [PMID: 34077633 PMCID: PMC9546053 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a leading cause of cancer‐related death and consists of a sequence of events including tumor expansion, intravasation of cancer cells into the circulation, survival in the bloodstream, extravasation at distant sites, and subsequent organ colonization. Particularly, intravasation is a process whereby cancer cells transverse the endothelium and leave the primary tumor site, pioneering the metastatic cascade. The identification of those mechanisms that trigger the entry of cancer cells into the bloodstream may reveal fundamentally novel ways to block metastasis at its start. Multiple factors have been implicated in cancer progression, yet, signals that unequivocally provoke the detachment of cancer cells from the primary tumor are still under investigation. Here, we discuss the role of intrinsic properties of cancer cells, tumor microenvironment, and mechanical cues in the intravasation process, outlining studies that suggest the involvement of various factors and highlighting current understanding and open questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena K Sznurkowska
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Switzerland
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Angel PM, Rujchanarong D, Pippin S, Spruill L, Drake R. Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Fibroblasts: Promise and Challenge. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:423-436. [PMID: 34129411 PMCID: PMC8717608 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1941893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fibroblasts maintain tissue and organ homeostasis through output of extracellular matrix that affects nearby cell signaling within the stroma. Altered fibroblast signaling contributes to many disease states and extracellular matrix secreted by fibroblasts has been used to stratify patient by outcome, recurrence, and therapeutic resistance. Recent advances in imaging mass spectrometry allow access to single cell fibroblasts and their ECM niche within clinically relevant tissue samples. AREAS COVERED We review biological and technical challenges as well as new solutions to proteomic access of fibroblast expression within the complex tissue microenvironment. Review topics cover conventional proteomic methods for single fibroblast analysis and current approaches to accessing single fibroblast proteomes by imaging mass spectrometry approaches. Strategies to target and evaluate the single cell stroma proteome on the basis of cell signaling are presented. EXPERT OPINION The promise of defining proteomic signatures from fibroblasts and their extracellular matrix niches is the discovery of new disease markers and the ability to refine therapeutic treatments. Several imaging mass spectrometry approaches exist to define the fibroblast in the setting of pathological changes from clinically acquired samples. Continued technology advances are needed to access and understand the stromal proteome and apply testing to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggi M. Angel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Bruker-MUSC Center of Excellence, Clinical Glycomics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC USA
| | - Denys Rujchanarong
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Bruker-MUSC Center of Excellence, Clinical Glycomics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC USA
| | - Sarah Pippin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Bruker-MUSC Center of Excellence, Clinical Glycomics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC USA
| | - Laura Spruill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Richard Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Bruker-MUSC Center of Excellence, Clinical Glycomics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC USA
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Cheng W, Zhou L, Hu K, Kong D, Huang W, Xu C, Li H, Li J. Enzyme-Initiated Assembly of an Extracellular-Like Two-Dimensional Nanonetwork as a Method to Detect Procancerous Activity. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1815-1822. [PMID: 33909412 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) enzymes such as lysyl oxidase (LOX) provide a new possibility to contain the invasive progress of cancer. Unlike conventional enzymes, the activity of ECM enzymes is not simply the conversion of the substrate to the product; the amount of enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases in the ECM changes the structural integrity and morphology of the ECM. These are all important aspects that must be monitored in a spatiotemporally coupled fashion to fully understand their procancerous effect. To achieve this goal, a new molecular probe is developed, which, unlike antibodies or aptamers, can interact with the target enzyme in a more interactive way: the probe can withdraw the metal ion cofactor of the enzyme and modulate its catalytic ability. This can lead to self-propagated cross-linking of the probes to form a network not dissimilar to the collagen and elastin network of the ECM, formed through LOX activity. Thus, the biosensing process itself is a biomimetic of what may occur in vivo in the ECM, and three distinct types of signal readouts can be simultaneously recorded on the sensing surface to provide a fuller picture of ECM enzyme activity, not achievable with traditional designs. Using this method, a parallel between the detected signal and the progress of colorectal cancer can be observed. These results may point to prospective application of this method in evaluating ECM-related tumor invasiveness in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital, Nanjing 211300, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, No. 106 Jiwei Road, Jinan, Shandong 250022, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Dehua Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital, Nanjing 211300, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital, Nanjing 211300, China
| | - Chuanjun Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, China
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Chen J, Song Y, Li M, Zhang Y, Lin T, Sun J, Wang D, Liu Y, Guo J, Yu W. Comprehensive analysis of ceRNA networks reveals prognostic lncRNAs related to immune infiltration in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:255. [PMID: 33750326 PMCID: PMC7941714 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07995-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) represents a class of RNAs (e.g., long noncoding RNAs [lncRNAs]) with microRNA (miRNA) binding sites, which can competitively bind miRNA and inhibit its regulation of target genes. Increasing evidence has underscored the involvement of dysregulated ceRNA networks in the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this study was to construct a ceRNA network related to the prognosis of CRC and further explore the potential mechanisms that affect this prognosis. METHODS RNA-Seq and miRNA-Seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), microRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and mRNAs (DEmRNAs), and a prognosis-related ceRNA network was constructed based on DElncRNA survival analysis. Subsequently, pathway enrichment, Pearson correlation, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were performed to determine the function of the genes in the ceRNA network. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were also used to validate differential gene expression. Finally, the correlation between lncRNA and immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment was evaluated based on the CIBERSORT algorithm. RESULTS A prognostic ceRNA network was constructed with eleven key survival-related DElncRNAs (MIR4435-2HG, NKILA, AFAP1-AS1, ELFN1-AS1, AC005520.2, AC245884.8, AL354836.1, AL355987.4, AL591845.1, LINC02038, and AC104823.1), 54 DEmiRNAs, and 308 DEmRNAs. The MIR4435-2HG- and ELFN1-AS1-associated ceRNA subnetworks affected and regulated the expression of the COL5A2, LOX, OSBPL3, PLAU, VCAN, SRM, and E2F1 target genes and were found to be related to prognosis and tumor-infiltrating immune cell types. CONCLUSIONS MIR4435-2HG and ELFN1-AS1 are associated with prognosis and tumor-infiltrating immune cell types and could represent potential prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets in colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Yuxuan Song
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Tingru Lin
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Jingzhu Guo
- Department of Paediatrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Weidong Yu
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
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Onfroy-Roy L, Hamel D, Foncy J, Malaquin L, Ferrand A. Extracellular Matrix Mechanical Properties and Regulation of the Intestinal Stem Cells: When Mechanics Control Fate. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122629. [PMID: 33297478 PMCID: PMC7762382 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISC) are crucial players in colon epithelium physiology. The accurate control of their auto-renewal, proliferation and differentiation capacities provides a constant flow of regeneration, maintaining the epithelial intestinal barrier integrity. Under stress conditions, colon epithelium homeostasis in disrupted, evolving towards pathologies such as inflammatory bowel diseases or colorectal cancer. A specific environment, namely the ISC niche constituted by the surrounding mesenchymal stem cells, the factors they secrete and the extracellular matrix (ECM), tightly controls ISC homeostasis. Colon ECM exerts physical constraint on the enclosed stem cells through peculiar topography, stiffness and deformability. However, little is known on the molecular and cellular events involved in ECM regulation of the ISC phenotype and fate. To address this question, combining accurately reproduced colon ECM mechanical parameters to primary ISC cultures such as organoids is an appropriated approach. Here, we review colon ECM physical properties at physiological and pathological states and their bioengineered in vitro reproduction applications to ISC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Onfroy-Roy
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence: (L.O.-R.); (A.F.); Tel.: +33-5-62-744-522 (A.F.)
| | - Dimitri Hamel
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (J.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Julie Foncy
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (J.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Laurent Malaquin
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (J.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Audrey Ferrand
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence: (L.O.-R.); (A.F.); Tel.: +33-5-62-744-522 (A.F.)
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Druzhkova I, Shirmanova M, Ignatova N, Dudenkova V, Lukina M, Zagaynova E, Safina D, Kostrov S, Didych D, Kuzmich A, Sharonov G, Rakitina O, Alekseenko I, Sverdlov E. Expression of EMT-Related Genes in Hybrid E/M Colorectal Cancer Cells Determines Fibroblast Activation and Collagen Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218119. [PMID: 33143259 PMCID: PMC7662237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen, the main non-cellular component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), is profoundly reorganized during tumorigenesis and has a strong impact on tumor behavior. The main source of collagen in tumors is cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cancer cells can also participate in the synthesis of ECM; however, the contribution of both types of cells to collagen rearrangements during the tumor progression is far from being clear. Here, we investigated the processes of collagen biosynthesis and remodeling in parallel with the transcriptome changes during cancer cells and fibroblasts interactions. Combining immunofluorescence, RNA sequencing, and second harmonic generation microscopy, we have explored the relationships between the ratio of epithelial (E) and mesenchymal (M) components of hybrid E/M cancer cells, their ability to activate fibroblasts, and the contributions of both cell types to collagen remodeling. To this end, we studied (i) co-cultures of colorectal cancer cells and normal fibroblasts in a collagen matrix, (ii) patient-derived cancer-associated fibroblasts, and (iii) mouse xenograft models. We found that the activation of normal fibroblasts that form dense collagen networks consisting of large, highly oriented fibers depends on the difference in E/M ratio in the cancer cells. The more-epithelial cells activate the fibroblasts more strongly, which correlates with a dense and highly ordered collagen structure in tumors in vivo. The more-mesenchymal cells activate the fibroblasts to a lesser degree; on the other hand, this cell line has a higher innate collagen remodeling capacity. Normal fibroblasts activated by cancer cells contribute to the organization of the extracellular matrix in a way that is favorable for migratory potency. At the same time, in co-culture with epithelial cancer cells, the contribution of fibroblasts to the reorganization of ECM is more pronounced. Therefore, one can expect that targeting the ability of epithelial cancer cells to activate normal fibroblasts may provide a new anticancer therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Druzhkova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.D.); (M.S.); (N.I.); (V.D.); (M.L.); (E.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Marina Shirmanova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.D.); (M.S.); (N.I.); (V.D.); (M.L.); (E.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Nadezhda Ignatova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.D.); (M.S.); (N.I.); (V.D.); (M.L.); (E.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Varvara Dudenkova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.D.); (M.S.); (N.I.); (V.D.); (M.L.); (E.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Maria Lukina
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.D.); (M.S.); (N.I.); (V.D.); (M.L.); (E.Z.); (G.S.)
| | - Elena Zagaynova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.D.); (M.S.); (N.I.); (V.D.); (M.L.); (E.Z.); (G.S.)
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dina Safina
- Department of Molecular-Genetic Basis of Biotechnology and Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 123182 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.); (S.K.); (I.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Sergey Kostrov
- Department of Molecular-Genetic Basis of Biotechnology and Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 123182 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.); (S.K.); (I.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Dmitry Didych
- Department of Genomics and Postgenomic Technologies, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.); (O.R.)
| | - Alexey Kuzmich
- Department of Molecular-Genetic Basis of Biotechnology and Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 123182 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.); (S.K.); (I.A.); (E.S.)
- Department of Genomics and Postgenomic Technologies, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.); (O.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - George Sharonov
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (I.D.); (M.S.); (N.I.); (V.D.); (M.L.); (E.Z.); (G.S.)
- Department of Genomics and Postgenomic Technologies, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.); (O.R.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Rakitina
- Department of Genomics and Postgenomic Technologies, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.); (O.R.)
| | - Irina Alekseenko
- Department of Molecular-Genetic Basis of Biotechnology and Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 123182 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.); (S.K.); (I.A.); (E.S.)
- Department of Genomics and Postgenomic Technologies, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of The Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (D.D.); (O.R.)
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, FSBI «National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov» Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene Sverdlov
- Department of Molecular-Genetic Basis of Biotechnology and Protein Engineering, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», 123182 Moscow, Russia; (D.S.); (S.K.); (I.A.); (E.S.)
- National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», 123182 Moscow, Russia
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Gihring A, Gärtner F, Liu C, Hoenicka M, Wabitsch M, Knippschild U, Xu P. Influence of Obesity on the Organization of the Extracellular Matrix and Satellite Cell Functions After Combined Muscle and Thorax Trauma in C57BL/6J Mice. Front Physiol 2020; 11:849. [PMID: 32848828 PMCID: PMC7399228 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been described as a major factor of health risk in modern society. Next to intricately linked comorbidities like coronary artery disease or diabetes, an influence of obesity on regeneration after muscle injury has been described previously. However, the influence of obesity on tissue regeneration in a combined trauma, merging the more systemic influence of a blunt lung trauma and the local blunt muscle trauma, has not been investigated yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of obesity on regeneration in a mouse model that combined both muscle and thorax trauma. Using gene expression analysis, a focus was put on the structure as well as the organization of the extracellular matrix and on functional satellite cell physiology. An increased amount of debris in the lung of obese mice compared to normal weight mice up to 192 h after combined trauma based on visual assessment can be reported which is accompanied by a decreased response of Mmp2 in obese mice. Additionally, a delayed and elongated response of inhibitor genes like Timp1 has been revealed in obese mice. This elongated response to the trauma in obese mice can also be seen in plasma based on increased levels of pro-inflammatory chemo- and cytokines (IL-6, MCP-1, and IL 23) 192 h post trauma. In addition to changes in the lung, morphological analysis of the injured extensor iliotibialis anticus of the left hind leg in lean and diet-induced obese mice revealed deposition of fat in the regenerating muscle in obese animals hindering the structure of a compact muscle. Additionally, decreased activation of satellite cells and changes in organization and build-up of the ECM could be detected, finally leading to a decreased stability of the regenerated muscle in obese mice. Both factors contribute to an attenuated response to the trauma by obese mice which is reflected by a statistically significant decrease in muscle force of obese mice compared to lean mice 192 h post trauma induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Gihring
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabian Gärtner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Congxing Liu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Hoenicka
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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40
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Alpha KM, Xu W, Turner CE. Paxillin family of focal adhesion adaptor proteins and regulation of cancer cell invasion. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 355:1-52. [PMID: 32859368 PMCID: PMC7737098 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The paxillin family of proteins, including paxillin, Hic-5, and leupaxin, are focal adhesion adaptor/scaffolding proteins which localize to cell-matrix adhesions and are important in cell adhesion and migration of both normal and cancer cells. Historically, the role of these proteins in regulating the actin cytoskeleton through focal adhesion-mediated signaling has been well documented. However, studies in recent years have revealed additional functions in modulating the microtubule and intermediate filament cytoskeletons to affect diverse processes including cell polarization, vesicle trafficking and mechanosignaling. Expression of paxillin family proteins in stromal cells is also important in regulating tumor cell migration and invasion through non-cell autonomous effects on the extracellular matrix. Both paxillin and Hic-5 can also influence gene expression through a variety of mechanisms, while their own expression is frequently dysregulated in various cancers. Accordingly, these proteins may serve as valuable targets for novel diagnostic and treatment approaches in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Alpha
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Weiyi Xu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Christopher E Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States.
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41
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Ye M, Song Y, Pan S, Chu M, Wang ZW, Zhu X. Evolving roles of lysyl oxidase family in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 215:107633. [PMID: 32693113 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The lysyl oxidase (LOX) family is comprised of LOX and four LOX-like proteins (LOXL1, LOXL2, LOXL3, and LOXL4), and mainly functions in the remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cross-linking of collagen and elastic fibers. Recently, a growing body of research has demonstrated that LOX family is critically involved in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis. In this review, we discuss the roles of LOX family members in the development and progression of different types of human cancers. Furthermore, we also describe the potential inhibitors of LOX family proteins and highlight that LOX family might be an important therapeutic target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Ye
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yizuo Song
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Shuya Pan
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Man Chu
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China..
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Departmant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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42
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Zanotelli MR, Chada NC, Johnson CA, Reinhart-King CA. The Physical Microenvironment of Tumors: Characterization and Clinical Impact. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793048020300029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. As tightly controlled extracellular matrix homeostasis is lost during tumor progression, a dysregulated extracellular matrix can significantly alter cellular phenotype and drive malignancy. Altered physical properties of the tumor microenvironment alter cancer cell behavior, limit delivery and efficacy of therapies, and correlate with tumorigenesis and patient prognosis. The physical features of the extracellular matrix during tumor progression have been characterized; however, a wide range of methods have been used between studies and cancer types resulting in a large range of reported values. Here, we discuss the significant mechanical and structural properties of the tumor microenvironment, summarizing their reported values and clinical impact across cancer type and grade. We attempt to integrate the values in the literature to identify sources of reported differences and commonalities to better understand how aberrant extracellular matrix dynamics contribute to cancer progression. An intimate understanding of altered matrix properties during malignant transformation will be crucial in effectively detecting, monitoring, and treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Zanotelli
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14583, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2414 Highland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Neil C. Chada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2414 Highland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - C. Andrew Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2414 Highland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Cynthia A. Reinhart-King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2414 Highland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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43
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Shen Y, Wang X, Lu J, Salfenmoser M, Wirsik NM, Schleussner N, Imle A, Freire Valls A, Radhakrishnan P, Liang J, Wang G, Muley T, Schneider M, Ruiz de Almodovar C, Diz-Muñoz A, Schmidt T. Reduction of Liver Metastasis Stiffness Improves Response to Bevacizumab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:800-817.e7. [PMID: 32516590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumors are influenced by the mechanical properties of their microenvironment. Using patient samples and atomic force microscopy, we found that tissue stiffness is higher in liver metastases than in primary colorectal tumors. Highly activated metastasis-associated fibroblasts increase tissue stiffness, which enhances angiogenesis and anti-angiogenic therapy resistance. Drugs targeting the renin-angiotensin system, normally prescribed to treat hypertension, inhibit fibroblast contraction and extracellular matrix deposition, thereby reducing liver metastases stiffening and increasing the anti-angiogenic effects of bevacizumab. Patients treated with bevacizumab showed prolonged survival when concomitantly treated with renin-angiotensin inhibitors, highlighting the importance of modulating the mechanical microenvironment for therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shen
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Biochemistry Center, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Junyan Lu
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Salfenmoser
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Naita Maren Wirsik
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Schleussner
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Imle
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aida Freire Valls
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Praveen Radhakrishnan
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jie Liang
- Section of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Muley
- Thoracic Hospital, University Hospital Heidelberg, University Heidelberg, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Centre (TLRC) Heidelberg, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Ruiz de Almodovar
- Biochemistry Center, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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44
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Ghasemi H, Mousavibahar SH, Hashemnia M, Karimi J, Khodadadi I, Mirzaei F, Tavilani H. Tissue stiffness contributes to YAP activation in bladder cancer patients undergoing transurethral resection. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1473:48-61. [PMID: 32428277 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the cellular microenvironment play a critical role in the development of bladder cancer (BC). Yes-associated protein (YAP), a central mediator of the Hippo pathway, functions as a nuclear sensor of mechanotransduction that can be induced by stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM), including stiffness resulting from surgical manipulations. We aimed to clarify the possible association between surgically-related ECM stiffness and YAP activation in BC patients. We compared 30 bladder cancer tissues with grade II (n = 15 recurrent and n = 15 newly diagnosed) with 30 adjacent healthy tissues. Atomic force microscopy showed that patients with recurrent BC had stiffer ECM than newly diagnosed patients (P < 0.05). Gene expression profiles showed that β1 integrin (ITGB1), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), CDC42, and YAP were upregulated in cancerous tissues (P < 0.05); additionally, β1 integrin activation was confirmed using a specific antibody. Nuclear localization of YAP was higher in recurrent cancerous tissues compared with newly diagnosed and it was positively associated with higher stiffness (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that postsurgery-induced ECM stiffness can influence integrin-FAK-YAP activity and thereby YAP trafficking to the nucleus where it contributes to BC progression and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Ghasemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hashemnia
- Department of Pathobiology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jamshid Karimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Khodadadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mirzaei
- Department of Anatomy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Heidar Tavilani
- Urology & Nephrology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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45
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Despotović SZ, Milićević ĐN, Krmpot AJ, Pavlović AM, Živanović VD, Krivokapić Z, Pavlović VB, Lević S, Nikolić G, Rabasović MD. Altered organization of collagen fibers in the uninvolved human colon mucosa 10 cm and 20 cm away from the malignant tumor. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6359. [PMID: 32286443 PMCID: PMC7156654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Remodelling of collagen fibers has been described during every phase of cancer genesis and progression. Changes in morphology and organization of collagen fibers contribute to the formation of microenvironment that favors cancer progression and development of metastasis. However, there are only few data about remodelling of collagen fibers in healthy looking mucosa distant from the cancer. Using SHG imaging, electron microscopy and specialized softwares (CT-FIRE, CurveAlign and FiberFit), we objectively visualized and quantified changes in morphology and organization of collagen fibers and investigated possible causes of collagen remodelling (change in syntheses, degradation and collagen cross-linking) in the colon mucosa 10 cm and 20 cm away from the cancer in comparison with healthy mucosa. We showed that in the lamina propria this far from the colon cancer, there were changes in collagen architecture (width, straightness, alignment of collagen fibers and collagen molecules inside fibers), increased representation of myofibroblasts and increase expression of collagen-remodelling enzymes (LOX and MMP2). Thus, the changes in organization of collagen fibers, which were already described in the cancer microenvironment, also exist in the mucosa far from the cancer, but smaller in magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Z Despotović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and embryology, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Đorđe N Milićević
- Saarland University, Department of Internal Medicine V- Pulmonology, Allergology, Intensive Care Medicine, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Zoran Krivokapić
- Clinic for Abdominal Surgery- First surgical clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Steva Lević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gorana Nikolić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia
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46
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Lafitte M, Sirvent A, Roche S. Collagen Kinase Receptors as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Metastatic Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:125. [PMID: 32117772 PMCID: PMC7028753 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of tumor-related death worldwide. While surgery can cure patients with early stage CRC, the 5-year survival rate is only 10% for patients with metastatic disease. Therefore, new anti-metastatic therapies are needed for this cancer. Metastatic spread defines the dissemination of cancer cells with tumor-initiating capacities from the primary tumor and their colonization of distinct organs, mainly the liver, for secondary tumor formation. Although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, components of the tumor microenvironment have gained strong interest. Among the known metastatic-promoting factors, collagens are extracellular matrix components that are deposited within the tumor, the tumor microenvironment, and at metastatic site(s), and are recognized to play essential roles during metastasis development. Here, we review recent findings on the metastatic role of the collagen receptors Discoidin Domain Receptors 1 and 2 (DDR1 and DDR2) in CRC and discuss the therapeutic value of targeting these receptor tyrosine kinases in this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Serge Roche
- CRBM, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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47
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Bauer J, Emon MAB, Staudacher JJ, Thomas AL, Zessner-Spitzenberg J, Mancinelli G, Krett N, Saif MT, Jung B. Increased stiffness of the tumor microenvironment in colon cancer stimulates cancer associated fibroblast-mediated prometastatic activin A signaling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:50. [PMID: 31919369 PMCID: PMC6952350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second deadliest cancer in the US due to its propensity to metastasize. Stromal cells and especially cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) play a critical biophysical role in cancer progression, but the precise pro-metastatic mechanisms are not clear. Activin A, a TGF-β family member, is a strong pro-metastatic cytokine in the context of CRC. Here, we assessed the link between biophysical forces and pro-metastatic signaling by testing the hypothesis that CAF-generated mechanical forces lead to activin A release and associated downstream effects. Consistent with our hypothesis, we first determined that stromal activin A secretion increased with increasing substrate stiffness. Then we found that stromally-secreted activin A induced ligand-dependent CRC epithelial cell migration and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, serum activin A levels are significantly increased in metastatic (stage IV) CRC patients (1.558 ng/ml versus 0.4179 ng/ml, p < 0.05). We propose that increased tumor microenvironment stiffness leads to stromal cell-mediated TGF-β family signaling relying on the induction and utilization of activin A signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bauer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Md Abul Bashar Emon
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jonas J Staudacher
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra L Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jasmin Zessner-Spitzenberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georgina Mancinelli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nancy Krett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Taher Saif
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Barbara Jung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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48
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Azadi S, Tafazzoli Shadpour M. The microenvironment and cytoskeletal remodeling in tumor cell invasion. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 356:257-289. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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49
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Alabi BR, LaRanger R, Shay JW. Decellularized mice colons as models to study the contribution of the extracellular matrix to cell behavior and colon cancer progression. Acta Biomater 2019; 100:213-222. [PMID: 31562987 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Current 3D culture models to study colorectal cancer lack architectural support and signaling proteins provided by the tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) which may influence cell behavior and cancer progression. Therefore, the ability to study cancer cells in the context of a matrix that is physiologically more relevant and to understand how the ECM affects cancer progression has been understudied. To address this, we developed an ex-vivo 3D system, provided by intact wild type (WT) and colon cancer susceptible decellularized mouse colons (DMC), to support the growth of human cancer cells. DMC are free of viable cells but still contain extracellular matrix proteins including subsets of collagens. Stiffness, an important mechanical property, is also maintained in DMCs. Importantly, we observed that the DMC is permissive for cell proliferation and differentiation of a human colon cancer cell line (HT-29). Notably, the ability of cells in the WT DMC to differentiate was also greater when compared to Matrigel™, an extracellular matrix extract from a mouse tumor cell line. Additionally, we observed in invasion assays that DMC obtained from polyps from a colon cancer susceptible mouse model facilitated increased cell migration/invasion of colorectal cancer cells and immortalized non-tumor colonic epithelial cells compared to DMC from WT mice. Finally, using mass spectrometry, we identified extracellular matrix proteins that are more abundant in DMC from a colorectal cancer mouse model compared to age and sex-matched WT mice. We propose that these abundantly expressed proteins in the tumor microenvironment are potentially involved in colorectal cancer progression. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Decellularized matrices, when properly produced, are attractive biomaterials for tissue regeneration and replacement. We show here that the mouse decellularized matrices can also be repurposed to elucidate how the extracellular matrix influences human cell behavior and cancer progression. To do this we produce decellularized matrices, from mice colonic tissue, that have preserved tissue mechanical and structural properties. We demonstrate that the matrix better supports the differentiation of HT-29 cells, a colonic cancer cell line, compared to Matrigel™. Additionally, we show that the extracellular matrix contributes to colon cancer progression via invasion assays using extracellular matrix extracts. Finally, we use mass spectrometry to identify ECM proteins that are more abundant in colonic polyps compared to adjacent tissue regions. This model system may have therapeutic implications for colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busola R Alabi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9039, United States
| | - Ryan LaRanger
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9039, United States
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9039, United States.
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50
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Valente KP, Thind SS, Akbari M, Suleman A, Brolo AG. Collagen Type I-Gelatin Methacryloyl Composites: Mimicking the Tumor Microenvironment. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2887-2898. [PMID: 33405592 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic drugs can penetrate tissues by diffusion and advection. In a healthy tissue, the interstitial fluid is composed of an influx of nutrients and oxygen from blood vessels. In the case of cancerous tissue, the interstitial fluid is poorly drained because of the lack of lymphatic vasculature, resulting in an increase in interstitial pressure. Furthermore, cancer cells invade healthy tissue by pressing and pushing the surrounding environment, creating an increase in pressure inside the tumor area. This results in a large differential pressure between the tumor and the healthy tissue, leading to an increase in extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness. Because of high interstitial pressure in addition to matrix stiffening, penetration and distribution of systemic therapies are limited to diffusion, decreasing the efficacy of cancer treatment. This work reports on the development of a microfluidic system that mimics in vitro healthy and cancerous microenvironments using collagen I and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) composite hydrogels. The microfluidic device developed here contains a simplistic design with a central chamber and two lateral channels. In the central chamber, hydrogel composites were used to mimic the ECM, whereas lateral channels simulated capillary vessels. The transport of fluorescein sodium salt and fluorescently labeled gold nanoparticles from capillary-mimicking channels through the ECM-mimicking hydrogel was explored by tracking fluorescence. By tuning the hydrogel composition and concentration, the impact of the tumor microenvironment properties on the transport of those species was evaluated. In addition, breast cancer MCF-7 cells were embedded in the hydrogel composites, displaying the formation of 3D clusters with high viability and, consequently, the development of an in vitro tumor model.
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