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Li H, Zhang J, Tan M, Yin Y, Song Y, Zhao Y, Yan L, Li N, Zhang X, Bai J, Jiang T, Li H. Exosomes based strategies for cardiovascular diseases: Opportunities and challenges. Biomaterials 2024; 308:122544. [PMID: 38579591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes, as nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs), are secreted by all types of cells to facilitate intercellular communication in living organisms. After being taken up by neighboring or distant cells, exosomes can alter the expression levels of target genes in recipient cells and thereby affect their pathophysiological outcomes depending on payloads encapsulated therein. The functions and mechanisms of exosomes in cardiovascular diseases have attracted much attention in recent years and are thought to have cardioprotective and regenerative potential. This review summarizes the biogenesis and molecular contents of exosomes and details the roles played by exosomes released from various cells in the progression and recovery of cardiovascular disease. The review also discusses the current status of traditional exosomes in cardiovascular tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, pointing out several limitations in their application. It emphasizes that some of the existing emerging industrial or bioengineering technologies are promising to compensate for these shortcomings, and the combined application of exosomes and biomaterials provides an opportunity for mutual enhancement of their performance. The integration of exosome-based cell-free diagnostic and therapeutic options will contribute to the further development of cardiovascular regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Mingyue Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China; Department of Geriatrics, Cardiovascular Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Yunfei Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Yiyi Song
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215000, PR China
| | - Yongjian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
| | - Xianzuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, PR China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Tingbo Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China.
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, PR China.
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Ru Q, Chen L, Xu G, Wu Y. Exosomes in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer-related cachexia. J Transl Med 2024; 22:408. [PMID: 38689293 PMCID: PMC11062016 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related cachexia is a metabolic syndrome characterized by weight loss, adipose tissue decomposition, and progressive skeletal muscle atrophy. It is a major complication of many advanced cancers and seriously affects the quality of life and survival of cancer patients. However, the specific molecules that mediate cancer-related cachexia remain elusive, and the fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with muscle atrophy and lipidolysis in cancer patients still need to be investigated. Exosomes, a newly discovered class of small extracellular vesicles that facilitate intercellular communication, have a significant role in the onset and development of various cancers. Studies have shown that exosomes play a role in the onset and progression of cancer-related cachexia by transporting active molecules such as nucleic acids and proteins. This review aimed to provide an overview of exosome developments in cancer-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and adipose tissue degradation. More importantly, exosomes were shown to have potential as diagnostic markers or therapeutic strategies for cachexia and were prospected, providing novel strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer-related cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ru
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health,Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health,Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health,Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- Institute of Intelligent Sport and Proactive Health,Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
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Livshits G, Kalinkovich A. Restoration of epigenetic impairment in the skeletal muscle and chronic inflammation resolution as a therapeutic approach in sarcopenia. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102267. [PMID: 38462046 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, accompanied by severe adverse health outcomes, such as falls and fractures, functional decline, high health costs, and mortality. Hence, its prevention and treatment have become increasingly urgent. However, despite the wide prevalence and extensive research on sarcopenia, no FDA-approved disease-modifying drugs exist. This is probably due to a poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying its pathophysiology. Recent evidence demonstrate that sarcopenia development is characterized by two key elements: (i) epigenetic dysregulation of multiple molecular pathways associated with sarcopenia pathogenesis, such as protein remodeling, insulin resistance, mitochondria impairments, and (ii) the creation of a systemic, chronic, low-grade inflammation (SCLGI). In this review, we focus on the epigenetic regulators that have been implicated in skeletal muscle deterioration, their individual roles, and possible crosstalk. We also discuss epidrugs, which are the pharmaceuticals with the potential to restore the epigenetic mechanisms deregulated in sarcopenia. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms underlying failed SCLGI resolution in sarcopenia and the potential application of pro-resolving molecules, comprising specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) and their stable mimetics and receptor agonists. These compounds, as well as epidrugs, reveal beneficial effects in preclinical studies related to sarcopenia. Based on these encouraging observations, we propose the combination of epidrugs with SCLI-resolving agents as a new therapeutic approach for sarcopenia that can effectively attenuate of its manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Livshits
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel; Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel.
| | - Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6905126, Israel
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Shin DI, Jin YJ, Noh S, Yun HW, Park DY, Min BH. Exosomes Secreted During Myogenic Differentiation of Human Fetal Cartilage-Derived Progenitor Cells Promote Skeletal Muscle Regeneration through miR-145-5p. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:487-497. [PMID: 38294592 PMCID: PMC10987463 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00618-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is no apparent treatment for sarcopenia, which is characterized by diminished myoblast function. We aimed to manufacture exosomes that retain the myogenic differentiation capacity of human fetal cartilage-derived progenitor cells (hFCPCs) and investigate their muscle regenerative efficacy in myoblasts and a sarcopenia rat model. METHODS The muscle regeneration potential of exosomes (F-Exo) secreted during myogenic differentiation of hFCPCs was compared to human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived (hBMSCs) exosomes (B-Exo) in myoblasts and sarcopenia rat model. The effect of F-Exo was analyzed through known microRNAs (miRNAs) analysis. The mechanism of action of F-Exo was confirmed by measuring the expression of proteins involved in the Wnt signaling pathway. RESULTS F-Exo and B-Exo showed similar exosome characteristics. However, F-Exo induced the expression of muscle markers (MyoD, MyoG, and MyHC) and myotube formation in myoblasts more effectively than B-Exo. Moreover, F-Exo induced greater increases in muscle fiber cross-sectional area and muscle mass compared to B-Exo in a sarcopenia rat. The miR-145-5p, relevant to muscle regeneration, was found in high concentrations in the F-Exo, and RNase pretreatment reduced the efficacy of exosomes. The effects of F-Exo on the expression of myogenic markers in myoblasts were paralleled by the miR-145-5p mimics, while the inhibitor partially negated this effect. F-Exo was involved in the Wnt signaling pathway by enhancing the expression of Wnt5a and β-catenin. CONCLUSION F-Exo improved muscle regeneration by activating the Wnt signaling pathway via abundant miR-145-5p, mimicking the remarkable myogenic differentiation potential of hFCPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Il Shin
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University Graduate School, 206 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jun Jin
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Noh
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School, 206 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Woong Yun
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Park
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School, 206 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Hyun Min
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University Graduate School, 206 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, 206 Worldcup-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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Xue K, Mi B. Engineered Extracellular Vesicles in Chronic Kidney Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2377-2393. [PMID: 38469058 PMCID: PMC10926925 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s452393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) present a formidable global health challenge, characterized by a deficiency of effective treatment options. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), recognized as multifunctional drug delivery systems in biomedicine, have gained accumulative interest. Specifically, engineered EVs have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for targeted drug delivery, potentially addressing the complexities of CKD management. In this review, we systematically dissect EVs, elucidating their classification, biogenesis, composition, and cargo molecules. Furthermore, we explore techniques for EV engineering and strategies for their precise renal delivery, focusing on cargo loading and transportation, providing a comprehensive perspective. Moreover, this review also discusses and summarizes the diverse therapeutic applications of engineered EVs in CKD, emphasizing their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, renoprotective, and tissue-regenerating effects. It critically evaluates the challenges and limitations in translating EV therapies from laboratory settings to clinical applications, while outlining future prospects and emerging trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaming Xue
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China
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Ni W, Zhao Y, Shen J, Yin Q, Wang Y, Li Z, Tang T, Wen Y, Zhang Y, Jiang W, Jiang L, Wei J, Gan W, Zhang A, Zhou X, Wang B, Liu BC. Therapeutic role of miR-26a on cardiaorenal injury in mice model of angiotensin-II induced chronic kidney disease through inhibition of LIMS1/ILK pathway. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-00985. [PMID: 38445356 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with common pathophysiological processes, such as inflammation and fibrosis, in both the heart and the kidney. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that drive these processes are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study focused on the molecular mechanism of heart and kidney injury in CKD. METHODS We generated a microRNA (miR)-26a knockout (KO) mouse model to investigate the role of miR-26a in angiotensin (Ang)-II-induced cardiac and renal injury. We performed Ang-II modeling in wild type (WT) mice and miR-26a KO mice, with six mice in each group. In addition, Ang-II-treated AC16 cells and HK2 cells were used as in vitro models of cardiac and renal injury in the context of CKD. Histological staining, immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Western blotting were applied to study the regulation of miR-26a on Ang-II-induced cardiac and renal injury. Immunofluorescence reporter assays were used to detect downstream genes of miR-26a, and immunoprecipitation was employed to identify the interacting protein of LIM and senescent cell antigen-like domain 1 (LIMS1). We also used an adeno-associated virus (AAV) to supplement LIMS1 and explored the specific regulatory mechanism of miR-26a on Ang-II-induced cardiac and renal injury. Dunnett's multiple comparison and t-test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Compared with the control mice, miR-26a expression was significantly downregulated in both the kidney and the heart after Ang-II infusion. Our study identified LIMS1 as a novel target gene of miR-26a in both heart and kidney tissues. Downregulation of miR-26a activated the LIMS1/integrin-linked kinase (ILK) signaling pathway in the heart and kidney, which represents a common molecular mechanism underlying inflammation and fibrosis in heart and kidney tissues during CKD. Furthermore, knockout of miR-26a worsened inflammation and fibrosis in the heart and kidney by inhibiting the LIMS1/ILK signaling pathway; on the contrary, supplementation with exogenous miR-26a reversed all these changes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that miR-26a could be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiorenal injury in CKD. This is attributed to its ability to regulate the LIMS1/ILK signaling pathway, which represents a common molecular mechanism in both heart and kidney tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Ni
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
| | - Yajie Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
| | - Jinxin Shen
- Department of Neonates, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Qing Yin
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225100, China
| | - Zuolin Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
| | - Taotao Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
| | - Liangyunzi Jiang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
| | - Jinxuan Wei
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
| | - Weihua Gan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
| | - Aiqing Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Neonates, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
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Improta-Caria AC, Rodrigues LF, Joaquim VHA, De Sousa RAL, Fernandes T, Oliveira EM. MicroRNAs regulating signaling pathways in cardiac fibrosis: potential role of the exercise training. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H497-H510. [PMID: 38063810 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00410.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and obesity develop long-term fibrotic processes in the heart, promoting pathological cardiac remodeling, including after myocardial infarction, reparative fibrotic processes also occur. These processes are regulated by many intracellular signaling pathways that have not yet been completely elucidated, including those associated with microRNA (miRNA) expression. miRNAs are small RNA transcripts (18-25 nucleotides in length) that act as posttranscriptionally regulators of gene expression, inhibiting or degrading one or more target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and proven to be involved in many biological processes such as cell cycle, differentiation, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis, directly affecting the pathophysiology of several diseases, including cardiac fibrosis. Exercise training can modulate the expression of miRNAs and it is known to be beneficial in various cardiovascular diseases, attenuating cardiac fibrosis processes. However, the signaling pathways modulated by the exercise associated with miRNAs in cardiac fibrosis were not fully understood. Thus, this review aims to analyze the expression of miRNAs that modulate signaling pathways in cardiac fibrosis processes that can be regulated by exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, Physical Education and Sport School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, Physical Education and Sport School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Antonio Joaquim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, Physical Education and Sport School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, Physical Education and Sport School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, Physical Education and Sport School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, USF Health Heart Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States
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Cao X, Xue L, Yu X, Yan Y, Lu J, Luo X, Wang H, Wang J. Myogenic exosome miR-140-5p modulates skeletal muscle regeneration and injury repair by regulating muscle satellite cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:4609-4630. [PMID: 38428405 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Muscle satellite cells (SCs) play a crucial role in the regeneration and repair of skeletal muscle injuries. Previous studies have shown that myogenic exosomes can enhance satellite cell proliferation, while the expression of miR-140-5p is significantly reduced during the repair process of mouse skeletal muscle injuries induced by BaCl2. This study aims to investigate the potential of myogenic exosomes carrying miR-140-5p inhibitors to activate SCs and influence the regeneration of injured muscles. Myogenic progenitor cell exosomes (MPC-Exo) and contained miR-140-5p mimics/inhibitors myogenic exosomes (MPC-Exo140+ and MPC-Exo140-) were employed to treat SCs and use the model. The results demonstrate that miR-140-5p regulates SC proliferation by targeting Pax7. Upon the addition of MPC-Exo and MPC-Exo140-, Pax7 expression in SCs significantly increased, leading to the transition of the cell cycle from G1 to S phase and an enhancement in cell proliferation. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of MPC-Exo140- was validated in animal model, where the expression of muscle growth-related genes substantially increased in the gastrocnemius muscle. Our research demonstrates that MPC-Exo140- can effectively activate dormant muscle satellite cells, initiating their proliferation and differentiation processes, ultimately leading to the formation of new skeletal muscle cells and promoting skeletal muscle repair and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Linli Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xiuju Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yi Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Jiayin Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xiaomao Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Haidong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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Elia R, Piva G, Bulighin F, Lamberti N, Manfredini F, Gambaro G, Di Maria A, Salvagno G, Carbonare LGD, Storari A, Valenti MT, Battaglia Y. The Impact of Physical Exercise on microRNAs in Hemodialysis Patients: A Review and a Protocol for an Ancillary Study. Biomedicines 2024; 12:468. [PMID: 38398071 PMCID: PMC10886953 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity is considered a significant risk factor for mortality and morbidity among chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. Therefore, physical exercise is recommended in the treatment of HD patients. Although the beneficial effects of physical exercise in HD patients are well-described in the literature, the underlying physiological mechanisms still need to be fully understood. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential mediators of the therapeutic effects of physical exercise in healthy individuals. miRNAs are short, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs involved in gene expression regulation. Specifically, upon forming the RNA-induced silencing complex, miRNAs selectively bind to specific miRNAs within cells, reducing gene expression. miRNAs can be secreted by cells in an accessible form or enclosed within exosomes or extracellular vesicles. They can be detected in various body fluids, including serum (circulating miRNAs), facilitating the study of their diverse expression. Currently, there is no available data regarding the impact of physical exercise on the expression of miRNAs involved in osteogenic differentiation, a fundamental mechanism in the development of vascular calcification, for HD patients. Therefore, we have designed an observational and longitudinal case-control study to evaluate the expression of miR-9 and miR-30b in HD patients participating in a 3-month interdialytic physical exercise program. This paper aims to present the study protocol and review the expression of circulating miRNAs in HD patients and their modulation through physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Elia
- PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Piva
- PhD Program in Environmental Sustainability and Wellbeing, Department of Humanities, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Francesca Bulighin
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Pederzoli Hospital, 37019 Peschiera del Garda, Italy;
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Lamberti
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy; (N.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Fabio Manfredini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy; (N.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Alessio Di Maria
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Gianluca Salvagno
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Luca Giuseppe Dalle Carbonare
- Internal Medicine, Section D, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (L.G.D.C.); (M.T.V.)
| | - Alda Storari
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy; (A.D.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Maria Teresa Valenti
- Internal Medicine, Section D, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy; (L.G.D.C.); (M.T.V.)
| | - Yuri Battaglia
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Pederzoli Hospital, 37019 Peschiera del Garda, Italy;
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
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Qu G, Li X, Jin R, Guan D, Ji J, Li S, Shi H, Tong P, Gan W, Zhang A. MicroRNA-26a alleviates tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease by targeting PAR4. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18099. [PMID: 38164021 PMCID: PMC10844712 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Our previous study found that miR-26a alleviates aldosterone-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF). However, the effect of miR-26a on TIF in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains unclear. This study clarifies the role and possible mechanism of exogenous miR-26a in controlling the progression of TIF in DKD models. Firstly, we showed that miR-26a was markedly decreased in type 2 diabetic db/db mice and mouse tubular epithelial cells (mTECs) treated with high glucose (HG, 30 mM) using RT-qPCR. We then used adeno-associated virus carrying miR-26a and adenovirus miR-26a to enhance the expression of miR-26a in vivo and in vitro. Overexpressing miR-26a alleviated the TIF in db/db mice and the extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in HG-stimulated mTECs. These protective effects were caused by reducing expression of protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4), which involved in multiple pro-fibrotic pathways. The rescue of PAR4 expression reversed the anti-fibrosis activity of miR-26a. We conclude that miR-26a alleviates TIF in DKD models by directly targeting PAR4, which may provide a novel molecular strategy for DKD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoting Qu
- Department of Pediatric NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Department of Pediatric NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Ran Jin
- Department of Pediatric NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Dian Guan
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Jialing Ji
- Department of PediatricsThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Shanwen Li
- Department of Pediatric NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Huimin Shi
- Department of Pediatric NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Pingfan Tong
- Department of PediatricsThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Weihua Gan
- Department of Pediatric NephrologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP.R. China
| | - Aiqing Zhang
- Department of PediatricsThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingP.R. China
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11
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Chen W, Wu X, Hu J, Liu X, Guo Z, Wu J, Shao Y, Hao M, Zhang S, Hu W, Wang Y, Zhang M, Zhu M, Wang C, Wu Y, Wang J, Xing D. The translational potential of miR-26 in atherosclerosis and development of agents for its target genes ACC1/2, COL1A1, CPT1A, FBP1, DGAT2, and SMAD7. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:21. [PMID: 38195542 PMCID: PMC10777520 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. miR-26 is a potential biomarker of atherosclerosis. Standardized diagnostic tests for miR-26 (MIR26-DX) have been developed, but the fastest progress has been in predicting the efficacy of IFN-α therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, phase 3). MiR-26 slows atherosclerosis development by suppressing ACC1/2, ACLY, ACSL3/4, ALDH3A2, ALPL, BMP2, CD36, COL1A1, CPT1A, CTGF, DGAT2, EHHADH, FAS, FBP1, GATA4, GSK3β, G6PC, Gys2, HMGA1, HMGB1, LDLR, LIPC, IL-1β, IL-6, JAG2, KCNJ2, MALT1, β-MHC, NF-κB, PCK1, PLCβ1, PYGL, RUNX2, SCD1, SMAD1/4/5/7, SREBF1, TAB3, TAK1, TCF7L2, and TNF-α expression. Many agents targeting these genes, such as the ACC1/2 inhibitors GS-0976, PF-05221304, and MK-4074; the DGAT2 inhibitors IONIS-DGAT2Rx, PF-06427878, PF-0685571, and PF-07202954; the COL1A1 inhibitor HT-100; the stimulants 68Ga-CBP8 and RCT-01; the CPT1A inhibitors etomoxir, perhexiline, and teglicar; the FBP1 inhibitors CS-917 and MB07803; and the SMAD7 inhibitor mongersen, have been investigated in clinical trials. Interestingly, miR-26 better reduced intima-media thickness (IMT) than PCSK9 or CT-1 knockout. Many PCSK9 inhibitors, including alirocumab, evolocumab, inclisiran, AZD8233, Civi-007, MK-0616, and LIB003, have been investigated in clinical trials. Recombinant CT-1 was also investigated in clinical trials. Therefore, miR-26 is a promising target for agent development. miR-26 promotes foam cell formation by reducing ABCA1 and ARL4C expression. Multiple materials can be used to deliver miR-26, but it is unclear which material is most suitable for mass production and clinical applications. This review focuses on the potential use of miR-26 in treating atherosclerosis to support the development of agents targeting it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujun Chen
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Jianxia Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhu Guo
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Key Laboratory of Heart Failure Prevention & Treatment of Hengyang, Clinical Medicine Research Center of Arteriosclerotic Disease of Hunan Province, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yingchun Shao
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Minglu Hao
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Weichao Hu
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Yudong Wu
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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12
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Guan W, Chen Y, Fan Y. miR-26a is a Key Therapeutic Target with Enormous Potential in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Human Disease. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2550-2570. [PMID: 38204224 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673271808231116075056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNA-26a (miR-26a) belongs to small non-coding regulatory RNA molecules emerging as fundamental post-transcriptional regulators inhibiting gene expression that plays vital roles in various processes of human diseases such as depression, renal ischemia and reperfusion injury, liver injury and some refractory cancer. In this review, we expound on the results of studies about miR-26a with emphasis on its function in animal models or in vitro cell culture to simulate the most common human disease in the clinic. Furthermore, we also illustrate the underlying mechanisms of miR-26a in strengthening the antitumor activity of antineoplastic drugs. Importantly, dysregulation of miR-26a has been related to many chronic and malignant diseases, especially in neurological disorders in the brain such as depression and neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancers such as papillary thyroid carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and so on. It follows that miR-26a has a strong possibility to be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neurological disorders and cancers. Although the research of miRNAs has made great progress in the last few decades, much is yet to be discovered, especially regarding their underlying mechanisms and roles in the complex diseases of humans. Consequently, miR-26a has been analyzed in chronic and malignant diseases, and we discuss the dysregulation of miR-26a and functional roles in the development and pathogenesis of these diseases, which is very helpful for understanding their mechanisms as new biomarkers for diagnosing and curing diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhangjiagang Second People's Hospital, Zhangjiagang, 215600, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Xue Y, Riva N, Zhao L, Shieh JS, Chin YT, Gatt A, Guo JJ. Recent advances of exosomes in soft tissue injuries in sports medicine: A critical review on biological and biomaterial applications. J Control Release 2023; 364:90-108. [PMID: 37866405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Sports medicine is generally associated with soft tissue injuries including muscle injuries, meniscus and ligament injuries, tendon ruptures, tendinopathy, rotator cuff tears, and tendon-bone healing during injuries. Tendon and ligament injuries are the most common sport injuries accounting for 30-40% of all injuries. Therapies for tendon injuries can be divided into surgical and non-surgical methods. Surgical methods mainly depend on the operative procedures, the surgeons and postoperative interventions. In non-surgical methods, cell therapy with stem cells and cell-free therapy with secretome of stem cell origin are current directions. Exosomes are the main paracrine factors of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) containing biological components such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Compared with MSCs, MSC-exosomes (MSC-exos) possess the capacity to escape phagocytosis and achieve long-term circulation. In addition, the functions of exosomes from various cell sources in soft tissue injuries in sports medicine have been gradually revealed in recent years. Along with the biological and biomaterial advances in exosomes, exosomes can be designed as drug carriers with biomaterials and exosome research is providing promising contributions in cell biology. Exosomes with biomaterial have the potential of becoming one of the novel therapeutic modalities in regenerative researches. This review summarizes the derives of exosomes in soft tissue regeneration and focuses on the biological and biomaterial mechanism and advances in exosomal therapy in soft tissue injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulun Xue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital/The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Nicoletta Riva
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Lingying Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health of PR China, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ju-Sheng Shieh
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Chin
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
| | - Alexander Gatt
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Department of Haematology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Jiong Jiong Guo
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, PR China.
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14
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Xu Y, Wan W, Zeng H, Xiang Z, Li M, Yao Y, Li Y, Bortolanza M, Wu J. Exosomes and their derivatives as biomarkers and therapeutic delivery agents for cardiovascular diseases: Situations and challenges. J Transl Int Med 2023; 11:341-354. [PMID: 38130647 PMCID: PMC10732499 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2023-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles known as exosomes have a diameter of 40 to 160 nm and are derived from small endosomal membranes. Exosomes have attracted increasing attention over the past ten years in part because they are functional vehicles that can deliver a variety of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids to the target cells they encounter. Because of this function, exosomes may be used for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of many diseases. All throughout the world, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be a significant cause of death. Because exosomes are mediators of communication between cells, which contribute to many physiological and pathological aspects, they may aid in improving CVD therapies as biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting CVDs. Many studies demonstrated that exosomes are associated with CVDs, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation. Exosomes participate in the progression or inhibition of these diseases mainly through the contents they deliver. However, the application of exosomes in diferent CVDs is not very mature. So further research is needed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyang Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weimin Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huixuan Zeng
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ze Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiwen Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology, Respiratory Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, 66424Homburg, Germany
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou215008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mariza Bortolanza
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology, Respiratory Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, 66424Homburg, Germany
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou215008, Jiangsu Province, China
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15
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Ji JL, Shi HM, Li ZL, Jin R, Qu GT, Zheng H, Wang E, Qiao YY, Li XY, Ding L, Ding DF, Ding LC, Gan WH, Wang B, Zhang AQ. Satellite cell-derived exosome-mediated delivery of microRNA-23a/27a/26a cluster ameliorates the renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mouse diabetic nephropathy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2455-2468. [PMID: 37596398 PMCID: PMC10692096 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01140-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is considered as the final convergent pathway of diabetic nephropathy (DN) without effective therapies currently. MiRNAs play a key role in fibrotic diseases and become promising therapeutic targets for kidney diseases, while miRNA clusters, formed by the cluster arrangement of miRNAs on chromosomes, can regulate diverse biological functions alone or synergistically. In this study, we developed clustered miR-23a/27a/26a-loaded skeletal muscle satellite cells-derived exosomes (Exos) engineered with RVG peptide, and investigated their therapeutic efficacy in a murine model of DN. Firstly, we showed that miR-23a-3p, miR-26a-5p and miR-27a-3p were markedly decreased in serum samples of DN patients using miRNA sequencing. Meanwhile, we confirmed that miR-23a-3p, miR-26a-5p and miR-27a-3p were primarily located in proximal renal tubules and highly negatively correlated with TIF in db/db mice at 20 weeks of age. We then engineered RVG-miR-23a/27a/26a cluster loaded Exos derived from muscle satellite cells, which not only enhanced the stability of miR-23a/27a/26a cluster, but also efficiently delivered more miR-23a/27a/26a cluster homing to the injured kidney. More importantly, administration of RVG-miR-23a/27a/26a-Exos (100 μg, i.v., once a week for 8 weeks) significantly ameliorated tubular injury and TIF in db/db mice at 20 weeks of age. We revealed that miR-23a/27a/26a-Exos enhanced antifibrotic effects by repressing miRNA cluster-targeting Lpp simultaneously, as well as miR-27a-3p-targeting Zbtb20 and miR-26a-5p-targeting Klhl42, respectively. Knockdown of Lpp by injection of AAV-Lpp-RNAi effectively ameliorated the progression of TIF in DN mice. Taken together, we established a novel kidney-targeting Exo-based delivery system by manipulating the miRNA-23a/27a/26a cluster to ameliorate TIF in DN, thus providing a promising therapeutic strategy for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ling Ji
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Hui-Min Shi
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Zuo-Lin Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ran Jin
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Gao-Ting Qu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - E Wang
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Yun-Yang Qiao
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Xing-Yue Li
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210031, China
| | - Da-Fa Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Liu-Cheng Ding
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Wei-Hua Gan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Ai-Qing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210031, China.
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16
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Ma GB, Chen WX, Zhan FJ, Xie WJ, Chen RW, Chen H, Ye WL, Jiang Y, Xu JP. Circ_0002295 facilitated myocardial fibrosis progression through the miR-1287/CXCR2 axis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:944-953. [PMID: 37688444 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is involved in hypertension, myocardial infarction and heart failure. It has been reported that circular RNA (circRNA) is a key regulatory factor of MF progression. In this study, we revealed that circ_0002295 and CXCR2 were elevated, and miR-1287 was reduced in MF patients. Knockdown of circ_0002295 effectively suppressed the proliferation, migration and MF progression. Circ_0002295 was the molecular sponge of miR-12878, and miR-1287 inhibitor reversed the biological functions of circ_0002295 on the myocardial fibrosis. CXCR2 was a target gene of miR-1287, and CXCR2 silencing relieved the impacts of miR-1287 inhibitor on cardiac myofibroblasts. Circ_0002295 promoted MF progression by regulating the miR-1287/CXCR2 axis, providing a possible circRNA-targeted therapy for MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Bin Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Fuzhou Second Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen-Xu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuzhou Second Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuzhou Second Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuzhou Second Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong-Wei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuzhou Second Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuzhou Second Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei-Lin Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuzhou Second Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuzhou Second Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ping Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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17
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Zhang X, Zhao Y, Yan W. The role of extracellular vesicles in skeletal muscle wasting. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:2462-2472. [PMID: 37867162 PMCID: PMC10751420 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle wasting is a complicated metabolic syndrome accompanied by multiple diseases ranging from cancer to metabolic disorders and infectious conditions. The loss of muscle mass significantly impairs muscle function, resulting in poor quality of life and high mortality of associated diseases. The fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms inducing muscle wasting have been well established, and those related pathways can be activated by a variety of extracellular signals, including inflammatory cytokines and catabolic stimuli. As an emerging messenger of cell-to-cell communications, extracellular vesicles (EVs) also get involved in the progression of muscle wasting by transferring bioactive cargoes including various proteins and non-coding RNAs to skeletal muscle. Like a double-edged sword, EVs play either a pro-wasting or anti-wasting role in the progression of muscle wasting, highly dependent on their parental cells as well as the specific type of cargo they encapsulate. This review aims to illustrate the current knowledge about the biological function of EVs cargoes in skeletal muscle wasting. Additionally, the potential therapeutic implications of EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal muscle wasting are also discussed. Simultaneously, several outstanding questions are included to shed light on future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Wei Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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18
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Qiao L, Hu J, Qiu X, Wang C, Peng J, Zhang C, Zhang M, Lu H, Chen W. LAMP2A, LAMP2B and LAMP2C: similar structures, divergent roles. Autophagy 2023; 19:2837-2852. [PMID: 37469132 PMCID: PMC10549195 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2235196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
LAMP2 (lysosomal associated membrane protein 2) is one of the major protein components of the lysosomal membrane. There currently exist three LAMP2 isoforms, LAMP2A, LAMP2B and LAMP2C, and they vary in distribution and function. LAMP2A serves as a receptor and channel for transporting cytosolic proteins in a process called chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). LAMP2B is required for autophagosome-lysosome fusion in cardiomyocytes and is one of the components of exosome membranes. LAMP2C is primarily implicated in a novel type of autophagy in which nucleic acids are taken up into lysosomes for degradation. In this review, the current evidence for the function of each LAMP2 isoform in various pathophysiological processes and human diseases, as well as their possible mechanisms, are comprehensively summarized. We discuss the evolutionary patterns of the three isoforms in vertebrates and provide technical guidance on investigating these isoforms. We are also concerned with the newly arising questions in this particular research area that remain unanswered. Advances in the functions of the three LAMP2 isoforms will uncover new links between lysosomal dysfunction, autophagy and human diseases.Abbreviation: ACSL4: acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4; AD: Alzheimer disease; Ag: antigens; APP: amyloid beta precursor protein; ATG14: autophagy related 14; AVSF: autophagic vacuoles with unique sarcolemmal features; BBC3/PUMA: BCL2 binding component 3; CCD: C-terminal coiled coil domain; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; CVDs: cardiovascular diseases; DDIT4/REDD1: DNA damage inducible transcript 4; ECs: endothelial cells; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ESCs: embryonic stem cells; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GBA/β-glucocerebrosidase: glucosylceramidase beta; GSCs: glioblastoma stem cells; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; HD: Huntington disease; HSCs: hematopoietic stem cells; HSPA8/HSC70: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8; IL3: interleukin 3; IR: ischemia-reperfusion; LAMP2: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2; LDs: lipid droplets; LRRK2: leucine rich repeat kinase 2; MA: macroautophagy; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; MST1: macrophage stimulating 1; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NFE2L2/NRF2: NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2; NLRP3: NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; PARK7: Parkinsonism associated deglycase; PD: Parkinson disease; PEA15/PED: proliferation and apoptosis adaptor protein 15; PKM/PKM2: pyruvate kinase M1/2; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; RARA: retinoic acid receptor alpha; RCAN1: regulator of calcineurin 1; RCC: renal cell carcinoma; RDA: RNautophagy and DNautophagy; RNAi: RNA interference; RND3: Rho Family GTPase 3; SG-NOS3/eNOS: deleterious glutathionylated NOS3; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; TAMs: tumor-associated macrophages; TME: tumor microenvironment; UCHL1: ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1; VAMP8: vesicle associated membrane protein 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiayi Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohan Qiu
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jieqiong Peng
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huixia Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenqiang Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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19
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Homma K, Enoki Y, Uchida S, Taguchi K, Matsumoto K. A combination of 5/6-nephrectomy and unilateral ureteral obstruction model accelerates progression of remote organ fibrosis in chronic kidney disease. FASEB Bioadv 2023; 5:377-394. [PMID: 37810171 PMCID: PMC10551277 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2023-00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) involves progressive renal fibrosis, which gradually reduces kidney function and often causes various complications in extrarenal tissues. Therefore, we investigated fibrogenesis in extrarenal tissues (heart, liver, and lungs) in different experimental CKD models, such as the 5/6-nephrectomy (5/6 Nx), unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), and a combination (2/3 Nx + UUO). We evaluated the degree of fibrogenesis in kidneys and extrarenal tissues by histological analysis and quantification of fibrosis-related gene and protein expression. To elucidate the fibrosis mechanisms observed in 2/3 Nx + UUO mice, we evaluated the effect of indoxyl sulfate (IS), a typical uremic toxin accumulated in CKD, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a fibrosis-related factor, on fibrosis using human hepatoma (HepG2) and RAW264.7 cells. A significant decline in renal function was observed in the 5/6 Nx and 2/3 Nx + UUO models, whereas a significant increase in renal fibrosis was observed only in the obstructed kidneys. Notable amount of fibrosis was induced in the liver and heart in the 2/3 Nx + UUO model, with the induction of macrophage infiltration and increased tissue IS and TGF-β levels. In agreement with the results of in vivo experiments, co-stimulation with IS, TGF-β, and macrophage-conditioned medium increased the expression of fibrogenic genes in HepG2 cells. We demonstrated that the 2/3 Nx + UUO model induced both loss of renal function and renal fibrosis in the earlier stages, providing a novel CKD model that induces remote organ fibrosis in a shorter time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoka Homma
- Division of PharmacodynamicsKeio University Faculty of PharmacyTokyoJapan
| | - Yuki Enoki
- Division of PharmacodynamicsKeio University Faculty of PharmacyTokyoJapan
| | - Sato Uchida
- Division of PharmacodynamicsKeio University Faculty of PharmacyTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuaki Taguchi
- Division of PharmacodynamicsKeio University Faculty of PharmacyTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuaki Matsumoto
- Division of PharmacodynamicsKeio University Faculty of PharmacyTokyoJapan
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20
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van Zonneveld AJ, Zhao Q, Rotmans JI, Bijkerk R. Circulating non-coding RNAs in chronic kidney disease and its complications. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:573-586. [PMID: 37286733 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00725-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulation by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can modulate the expression of genes involved in kidney physiology and disease. A large variety of ncRNA species exist, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, piwi-interacting RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, circular RNAs and yRNAs. Despite early assumptions that some of these species may exist as by-products of cell or tissue injury, a growing body of literature suggests that these ncRNAs are functional and participate in a variety of processes. Although they function intracellularly, ncRNAs are also present in the circulation, where they are carried by extracellular vesicles, ribonucleoprotein complexes or lipoprotein complexes such as HDL. These systemic, circulating ncRNAs are derived from specific cell types and can be directly transferred to a variety of cells, including endothelial cells of the vasculature and virtually any cell type in the kidney, thereby affecting the function of the host cell and/or its response to injury. Moreover, chronic kidney disease itself, as well as injury states associated with transplantation and allograft dysfunction, is associated with a shift in the distribution of circulating ncRNAs. These findings may provide opportunities for the identification of biomarkers with which to monitor disease progression and/or the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Qiao Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joris I Rotmans
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Bijkerk
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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21
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Kaufman S, Chang P, Pendleton E, Chandar N. MicroRNA26a Overexpression Hastens Osteoblast Differentiation Capacity in Dental Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2023; 25:109-120. [PMID: 37200520 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2023.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are a source of mesenchymal stem cells with the potential to differentiate into several cell types. We initially isolated SHED cells and compared their osteogenic capacity with commercially available DPSCs. Both cells exhibited similar capacities of growth and osteogenic differentiation. A fourfold to sixfold increase in endogenous microRNA26a (miR26a) expression during osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblasts and a similar but attenuated increase (twofold to fourfold) in differentiating SHED was observed, suggesting a role in the process. We, therefore, overexpressed miR26a in SHED to determine if the osteogenic differentiation capacity can be potentiated in vitro. SHED with a threefold increase in miR26a expression showed increased growth rate when compared with parent cells. When exposed to an osteogenic differentiating promoting medium, the miR26a overexpressing cells showed 100-fold increases in the expression of bone marker genes such as type 1 collagen, alkaline phosphatase, and Runx2. The mineralization capacity of these cells was also increased 15-fold. As miR26a targets regulate several bone-specific genes, we evaluated the effect of miR26a overexpression on established targets. We found a moderate decrease in SMAD1 and a profound decrease in PTEN expression. miR26a could potentiate its effect on osteoblast differentiation by its ability to inhibit PTEN and increase the viability of cells and their numbers, a process essential in osteoblast differentiation. Our studies suggest that the upregulation of miR26a can increase bone formation and may serve as an important target to further investigate its potential in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Kaufman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter Chang
- Dental Institute, Midwestern University Clinics, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA
| | - Elisha Pendleton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA
| | - Nalini Chandar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA
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22
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Chung YH, Huang GK, Kang CH, Cheng YT, Kao YH, Chien YS. MicroRNA-26a-5p Restoration Ameliorates Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction-Induced Renal Fibrosis In Mice Through Modulating TGF-β Signaling. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100131. [PMID: 36948295 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a hallmark of chronic and progressive renal diseases characterized by excessive fibroblast proliferation, extracellular matrix accumulation, and loss of renal function, eventually leading to end-stage renal diseases. MicroRNA-26a-5p downregulation has been previously noted in the sera of unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO)-injured mice, and exosome-mediated miR-26a-5p reportedly attenuated experimental pulmonary and cardiac fibrosis. This study evaluated the expression patterns of miR-26a in human tissue microarray with kidney fibrosis and in tissues from a mouse model of UUO-induced renal fibrosis. Histological analyses showed that miR-26a-5p was downregulated in human and mouse tissues with renal interstitial nephritis and fibrosis. Moreover, miR-26a-5p restoration by intravenous injection of a mimic agent prominently suppressed the expression of TGF-β1 and its cognate receptors, the inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and inflammatory markers in UUO-injured kidney tissues. In vitro miR-26a-5p mimic delivery significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced activation of cultured rat kidney NRK-49F cells, in terms of downregulation of TGF-β1 receptors, restoration of epithelial marker E-cadherin, and suppression of mesenchymal markers, including vimentin, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin, as well as TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling activity. Our findings identified miR-26a-5p downregulation in kidney tissues from human interstitial nephritis and UUO-induced mouse kidney fibrosis. MiR-26a-5p restoration may exhibit an anti-fibrotic effect through the blockade of both TGF-β and NF-κB signaling axes and is considered a novel therapeutic target for treating obstruction-induced renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Hua Chung
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Gong-Kai Huang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiung Kang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Tso Cheng
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsien Kao
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Shu Chien
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
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23
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miRNAs in Uremic Cardiomyopathy: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065425. [PMID: 36982497 PMCID: PMC10049249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Uremic Cardiomyopathy (UCM) is an irreversible cardiovascular complication that is highly pervasive among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, particularly in End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) individuals undergoing chronic dialysis. Features of UCM are an abnormal myocardial fibrosis, an asymmetric ventricular hypertrophy with subsequent diastolic dysfunction and a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis where underlying biological mechanisms remain partly undefined. In this paper, we reviewed the key evidence available on the biological and clinical significance of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) in UCM. miRNAs are short, noncoding RNA molecules with regulatory functions that play a pivotal role in myriad basic cellular processes, such as cell growth and differentiation. Deranged miRNAs expression has already been observed in various diseases, and their capacity to modulate cardiac remodeling and fibrosis under either physiological or pathological conditions is well acknowledged. In the context of UCM, robust experimental evidence confirms a close involvement of some miRNAs in the key pathways that are known to trigger or worsen ventricular hypertrophy or fibrosis. Moreover, very preliminary findings may set the stage for therapeutic interventions targeting specific miRNAs for ameliorating heart damage. Finally, scant but promising clinical evidence may suggest a potential future application of circulating miRNAs as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for improving risk stratification in UCM as well.
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24
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Kuang L, Zhang C, Li B, Deng H, Chen R, Li G. Human Keratinocyte-Derived Exosomal MALAT1 Promotes Diabetic Wound Healing by Upregulating MFGE8 via microRNA-1914-3p. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:949-970. [PMID: 36852184 PMCID: PMC9961177 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s399785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diabetic wound is a highly prevalent and refractory disease. Extensive studies have confirmed that keratinocytes and macrophages play an important role in the process of wound healing. Additionally, exosomes are regarded as a vital intercellular communication tool. This study aimed to investigate the role of human keratinocyte-derived exosomal MALAT1 in the treatment of diabetic wound by influencing the biological function of macrophages. Methods We mainly assessed the function of MALAT1 on the biological changes of macrophages, and the expression of MALAT1 in the keratinocyte-exosomes analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The downstream interaction between RNAs or proteins was assessed by mechanistic experiments. Besides, we evaluated the effects of human keratinocyte-derived exosomal MALAT1 on diabetic wound healing in vivo to verify in vitro results. Results We demonstrated that human keratinocyte-derived exosomal MALAT1 enhanced the biological functions of high glucose-injured macrophages, including phagocytosis, converting to a pro-healing phenotype and reducing apoptosis. Mechanistically, MALAT1 accelerated the expression of MFGE8 by competitively binding to miR-1914-3p, thereby affecting the function of macrophages and the signal axis of TGFB1/SMAD3, and finally promoting the healing of diabetic wounds. Human keratinocyte-derived exosomal MALAT1 might promote collagen deposition, ECM remodeling, and expression of MFGE8, VEGF, and CD31 but reduce the expression of TGFB and SMAD3 in an in vivo model of diabetic mice wounds, which accelerated diabetic wound healing and restored its function. Conclusion The current study revealed that human keratinocyte-derived exosomal MALAT1 would suppress miR-1914-3p to activate MFGE8 and eventually promote wound healing by enhancing macrophage phagocytosis, converting to a pro-healing phenotype and reducing apoptosis. It proposed that keratinocyte-derived exosomes might have the capacity to serve as a new method for the clinical treatment of diabetic wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Kuang
- Department of Wound Repair Surgery, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Department of Wound Repair Surgery, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binghui Li
- Department of Wound Repair Surgery, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibo Deng
- Department of Wound Repair Surgery, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Wound Repair Surgery, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gongchi Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Gongchi Li, Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8613618615209, Email
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Wang K, Liu Q, Tang M, Qi G, Qiu C, Huang Y, Yu W, Wang W, Sun H, Ni X, Shen Y, Fang X. Chronic kidney disease-induced muscle atrophy: Molecular mechanisms and promising therapies. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115407. [PMID: 36596414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a high-risk chronic catabolic disease due to its high morbidity and mortality. CKD is accompanied by many complications, leading to a poor quality of life, and serious complications may even threaten the life of CKD patients. Muscle atrophy is a common complication of CKD. Muscle atrophy and sarcopenia in CKD patients have complex pathways that are related to multiple mechanisms and related factors. This review not only discusses the mechanisms by which inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction promote CKD-induced muscle atrophy but also explores other CKD-related complications, such as metabolic acidosis, vitamin D deficiency, anorexia, and excess angiotensin II, as well as other related factors that play a role in CKD muscle atrophy, such as insulin resistance, hormones, hemodialysis, uremic toxins, intestinal flora imbalance, and miRNA. We highlight potential treatments and drugs that can effectively treat CKD-induced muscle atrophy in terms of complication treatment, nutritional supplementation, physical exercise, and drug intervention, thereby helping to improve the prognosis and quality of life of CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China
| | - Qingyuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province 224500, PR China
| | - Mingyu Tang
- Xinglin College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China
| | - Guangdong Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Binhai County People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province 224500, PR China
| | - Chong Qiu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China
| | - Weiran Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China; Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China
| | - Xuejun Ni
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China.
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China.
| | - Xingxing Fang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, PR China.
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a paramount role in physical activity, metabolism, and energy balance, while its homeostasis is being challenged by multiple unfavorable factors such as injury, aging, or obesity. Exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles, are now recognized as essential mediators of intercellular communication, holding great clinical potential in the treatment of skeletal muscle diseases. Herein, we outline the recent research progress in exosomal isolation, characterization, and mechanism of action, and emphatically discuss current advances in exosomes derived from multiple organs and tissues, and engineered exosomes regarding the regulation of physiological and pathological development of skeletal muscle. These remarkable advances expand our understanding of myogenesis and muscle diseases. Meanwhile, the engineered exosome, as an endogenous nanocarrier combined with advanced design methodologies of biomolecules, will help to open up innovative therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of muscle diseases.
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Hun M, Wen H, Han P, Vun T, Zhao M, He Q. Bibliometric analysis of scientific papers on extracellular vesicles in kidney disease published between 1999 and 2022. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1070516. [PMID: 36684427 PMCID: PMC9849820 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1070516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using extracellular vesicles (EVs) as potential therapeutic agents or natural drug delivery systems in kidney-related diseases. However, a detailed and targeted report on the current condition of extracellular vesicle research in kidney-related diseases is lacking. Therefore, this prospective study was designed to investigate the use of bibliometric analysis to comprehensively overview the current state of research and frontier trends on extracellular vesicle research in kidney-related diseases using visualization tools. Methods: The Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database was searched to identify publications related to extracellular vesicle research in kidney-related diseases since 1999. Citespace, Microsoft Excel 2019, VOSviewer software, the R Bibliometrix Package, and an online platform were used to analyze related research trends to stratify the publication data and collaborations. Results: From 1 January 1999 to 26 June 2022, a total of 1,122 EV-related articles and reviews were published, and 6,486 authors from 1,432 institutions in 63 countries or regions investigated the role of extracellular vesicles in kidney-related diseases. We found that the number of articles on extracellular vesicles in kidney-related diseases increased every year. Dozens of publications were from China and the United States. China had the most number of related publications, in which the Southeast University (China) was the most active institution in all EV-related fields. Liu Bi-cheng published the most papers on extracellular vesicles, while Clotilde Théry had the most number of co-citations. Most papers were published by The International Journal of Molecular Sciences, while Kidney International was the most co-cited journal for extracellular vesicles. We found that exosome-related keywords included exosome, exosm, expression, extracellular vesicle, microRNA, microvesicle, and liquid biopsy, while disease- and pathological-related keywords included biomarker, microRNA, apoptosis, mechanism, systemic lupus erythematosus, EGFR, acute kidney injury, and chronic kidney disease. Acute kidney disease (AKI), CKD, SLE, exosome, liquid biopsy, and extracellular vesicle were the hotspot in extracellular vesicle and kidney-related diseases research. Conclusion: The field of extracellular vesicles in kidney-related disease research is rapidly growing, and its domain is likely to expand in the next decade. The findings from this comprehensive analysis of extracellular vesicles in kidney-related disease research could help investigators to set new diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic ideas or methods in kidney-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marady Hun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huai Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Phanna Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tharith Vun
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Mingyi Zhao, ; Qingnan He,
| | - Qingnan He
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Mingyi Zhao, ; Qingnan He,
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Yang G, Tan L, Yao H, Xiong Z, Wu J, Huang X. Long-Term Effects of Severe Burns on the Kidneys: Research Advances and Potential Therapeutic Approaches. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:1905-1921. [PMID: 37152866 PMCID: PMC10162109 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s404983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Burns are a seriously underestimated form of trauma that not only damage the skin system but also cause various complications, such as acute kidney injury (AKI). Recent clinical studies have shown that the proportion of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) in burn patients after discharge is significantly higher than that in the general population, but the mechanism behind this is controversial. The traditional view is that CKD is associated with hypoperfusion, AKI, sepsis, and drugs administered in the early stages of burns. However, recent studies have shown that burns can cause long-term immune dysfunction, which is a high-risk factor for CKD. This suggests that burns affect the kidneys more than previously recognized. In other words, severe burns are not only an acute injury but also a chronic disease. Neglecting to study long-term kidney function in burn patients also results in a lack of preventive and therapeutic methods being developed. Furthermore, stem cells and their exosomes have shown excellent comprehensive therapeutic properties in the prevention and treatment of CKD, making them increasingly the focus of research attention. Their engineering strategy further improved the therapeutic performance. This review will focus on the research advances in burns on the development of CKD, illustrating the possible mechanism of burn-induced CKD and introducing potential biological treatment options and their engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Division of Renal Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Life Sciences, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, 044006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lishan Tan
- Division of Renal Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Yao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical College, Guilin, 541004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuying Xiong
- Division of Renal Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, People’s Republic of China
- Human Histology & Embryology Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics & Gynecology, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Venetia, 37134, Italy
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Division of Renal Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaoyan Huang; Jun Wu, Email ;
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Su X, Shen Y, Kim IM, Weintraub NL, Hamrick M, Tang Y. Extracellular Vesicles for Muscle Atrophy Treatment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:119-126. [PMID: 37603276 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a progressive chronic disease associated with various conditions, such as aging, cancer, and muscular dystrophy. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is highly correlated with or plays a crucial role in inducing skeletal muscle atrophy. Extracellular vehicles (EVs), including exosomes, mediate cell-cell communication, and alterations in the genetic material contained in EVs during muscle atrophy may impair muscle cell signaling. Transplantation of muscle progenitor cell-derived EVs (MPC-EVs) is a promising approach for treating muscle diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Moreover, stem cell-derived EVs with modification of microRNAs (e.g., miR-26 and miR-29) have been reported to attenuate muscle atrophy. Unbiased RNA-Seq analysis suggests that MPC-EVs may exert an inhibitory effect on IL-6 pathway. Here, we review the latest advances concerning the mechanisms of stem cell/progenitor cell-derived EVs in alleviating muscle atrophy, including anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. We also discuss the clinical application of EVs in the treatment of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Su
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yan Shen
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Il-Man Kim
- Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mark Hamrick
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yaoliang Tang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in IgA Nephropathy. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 59:medicina59010082. [PMID: 36676706 PMCID: PMC9866943 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease worldwide today. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a polyprotein complex and an important participant in inflammation. Accumulating studies have shown that the NLRP3 inflammasome participates in a variety of kidney diseases, including IgAN. This review focuses on the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in IgAN and summarizes multiple involved pathways, which may provide novel treatments for IgAN treatment.
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Okamura A, Yoshioka Y, Saito Y, Ochiya T. Can Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Systems Be a Game Changer in Cardiac Disease? Pharm Res 2022; 40:889-908. [PMID: 36577860 PMCID: PMC10126064 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac diseases such as myocardial infarction and heart failure have been the leading cause of death worldwide for more than 20 years, and new treatments continue to be investigated. Heart transplantation, a curative treatment for severe cardiac dysfunction, is available to only a small number of patients due to the rarity of donors and high costs. Cardiac regenerative medicine using embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells is expected to be a new alternative to heart transplantation, but it has problems such as induction of immune response, tumor formation, and low survival rate of transplanted cells. On the other hand, there has been a focus on cell-free therapy using extracellular vesicles (EVs) due to their high biocompatibility and target specificity. Exosomes, one type of EV, play a role in the molecular transport system in vivo and can be considered a drug delivery system (DDS) innate to all living things. Exosomes contain nucleic acids and proteins, which are transported from secretory cells to recipient cells. Molecules in exosomes are encapsulated in a lipid bilayer, which allows them to exist stably in body fluids without being affected by nuclease degradation enzymes. Therefore, the therapeutic use of exosomes as DDSs has been widely explored and is being used in clinical trials and other clinical settings. This review summarizes the current topics of EVs as DDSs in cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Okamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshioka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
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Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010044. [PMID: 36670909 PMCID: PMC9854691 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of muscle homeostasis is vital for life and health. Skeletal muscle atrophy not only seriously reduces people's quality of life and increases morbidity and mortality, but also causes a huge socioeconomic burden. To date, no effective treatment has been developed for skeletal muscle atrophy owing to an incomplete understanding of its molecular mechanisms. Exercise therapy is the most effective treatment for skeletal muscle atrophy. Unfortunately, it is not suitable for all patients, such as fractured patients and bedridden patients with nerve damage. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy is crucial for developing new therapies for skeletal muscle atrophy. In this review, PubMed was systematically screened for articles that appeared in the past 5 years about potential therapeutic strategies for skeletal muscle atrophy. Herein, we summarize the roles of inflammation, oxidative stress, ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagic-lysosomal pathway, caspases, and calpains in skeletal muscle atrophy and systematically expound the potential drug targets and therapeutic progress against skeletal muscle atrophy. This review focuses on current treatments and strategies for skeletal muscle atrophy, including drug treatment (active substances of traditional Chinese medicine, chemical drugs, antioxidants, enzyme and enzyme inhibitors, hormone drugs, etc.), gene therapy, stem cell and exosome therapy (muscle-derived stem cells, non-myogenic stem cells, and exosomes), cytokine therapy, physical therapy (electroacupuncture, electrical stimulation, optogenetic technology, heat therapy, and low-level laser therapy), nutrition support (protein, essential amino acids, creatine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, and vitamin D), and other therapies (biomaterial adjuvant therapy, intestinal microbial regulation, and oxygen supplementation). Considering many treatments have been developed for skeletal muscle atrophy, we propose a combination of proper treatments for individual needs, which may yield better treatment outcomes.
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Zheng H, Ji J, Zhao T, Wang E, Zhang A. Exosome‑encapsulated miR‑26a attenuates aldosterone‑induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis by inhibiting the CTGF/SMAD3 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2022; 51:11. [PMID: 36524378 PMCID: PMC9848436 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is a hallmark in the continuous progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), in which excessive activation of the renin‑angiotensin‑-aldosterone system serves a crucial role. Currently, there are no targeted therapies for the progression of TIF. microRNA (miR)‑26a may be an ideal anti‑fibrosis candidate molecule; however, the effect of miR‑26 on aldosterone (ALD)‑induced TIF remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of miR‑26a in ALD‑induced TIF. In the present study, we hypothesized that delivery of miR‑26a by exosomes could attenuate ALD‑induced TIF. miR‑26a expression was downregulated in the kidney of ALD‑induced mice compared with the mice in the sham group. Exosome‑encapsulated miR‑26a (Exo‑miR‑26a) was manufactured and injected into ALD‑treated mice through the tail vein. In vivo experiments showed that Exo‑miR‑26a alleviated the downregulated miR‑26a expression in the kidney, tubular injury and ALD‑induced TIF, which was determined using Masson's trichrome staining and assessment of lipocalin 2, α‑smooth muscle actin, collagen I and fibronectin expression. Moreover, in vitro experiments revealed that Exo‑miR‑26a inhibited epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix deposition in mouse tubular epithelial cells. Mechanistically, overexpressing miR‑26a led to decreased expression levels of connective tissue growth factor by directly binding to its 3'‑UTR and inhibiting the activation of SMAD3. These findings demonstrated that the exosomal delivery of miR‑26a may alleviate ALD‑induced TIF, which may provide new insights into the treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aiqing Zhang
- Correspondence to: Dr Aiqing Zhang, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 262 Zhongshan North Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Pei T, Zhu D, Yang S, Hu R, Wang F, Zhang J, Yan S, Ju L, He Z, Han Z, He J, Yan Y, Wang M, Xiao W, Ma Y. Bacteroides plebeius improves muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease by modulating the gut-renal muscle axis. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:6066-6078. [PMID: 36458537 PMCID: PMC9753468 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects approximately 10% of the global population. Muscle atrophy occurs in patients with almost all types of CKD, and the gut microbiome is closely related to protein consumption during chronic renal failure (CRF). This study investigated the effects of Bacteroides plebeius on protein energy consumption in rats with CKD, and our results suggest that Bacteroides plebeius may combat muscle atrophy through the Mystn/ActRIIB/SMAD2 pathway. A total of 5/6 Nx rats were used as a model of muscle wasting in CKD. The rats with muscle wasting were administered Bacteroides plebeius (2 × 108 cfu/0.2 ml) for 8 weeks. The results showed that Bacteroides plebeius administration significantly inhibited muscle wasting in CKD. High-throughput 16 S rRNA pyrosequencing revealed that supplementation with Bacteroides plebeius rescued disturbances in the gut microbiota. Bacteroides plebeius could also enhance the barrier function of the intestinal mucosa. Bacteroides plebeius may modulate the gut microbiome and reduce protein consumption by increasing the abundance of probiotics and reducing damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier. Our findings suggest that Bacteroides plebeius may combat muscle atrophy through the Mystn/ActRIIB/SMAD2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Pei
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Daoqi Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Sixia Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Fujing Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Shihua Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Liliang Ju
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhuoen He
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhongxiao Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jinyue He
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yangtian Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Mingqing Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of EducationGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yun Ma
- Department of PharmacyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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35
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Yao Y, Jiang Y, Song J, Wang R, Li Z, Yang L, Wu W, Zhang L, Peng Q. Exosomes as Potential Functional Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2022:e2201989. [PMID: 36253093 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived extracellular vesicles of 40-160 nm diameter, which carry numerous biomolecules and transmit information between cells. They are used as functional nanomaterials with great potential in biomedical areas, such as active agents and delivery systems for advanced drug delivery and disease therapy. In recent years, potential applications of exosomes in tissue engineering have attracted significant attention, and some critical progress has been made. This review gives a complete picture of exosomes and their applications in the regeneration of various tissues, such as the central nervous systems, kidney, bone, cartilage, heart, and endodontium. Approaches employed for modifying exosomes to equip them with excellent targeting capacity are summarized. Furthermore, current concerns and future outlook of exosomes in tissue engineering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yuhuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jialu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ruojing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Luyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
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Zheng J, Yin Q, Wang SY, Wang YY, Xiao JJ, Tang TT, Ni WJ, Ren LQ, Liu H, Zhang XL, Liu BC, Wang B. Ultrasound-assessed diaphragm dysfunction predicts clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16550. [PMID: 36192453 PMCID: PMC9529158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is prevalent and remarkably increases the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, whether diaphragm dysfunction predicts clinical outcomes in HD patients is unknown. This was a prospective cohort study of 103 HD patients. After assessment of diaphragm function by ultrasonography and collection of other baseline data, a 36-month follow-up was then initiated. Participants were divided into diaphragm dysfunction (DD+) group and normal diaphragm function (DD−) group, according to cutoff value of thickening ratio (i.e. the change ratio of diaphragm thickness) at force respiration. The primary endpoint was the first nonfatal CV event or all-cause mortality. A secondary endpoint was less serious CV events (LSCEs, a composite of heart failure readmission, cardiac arrhythmia or myocardial ischemia needed pharmacological intervention in hospital). 98 patients were eligible to analysis and 57 (58.16%) were men. 28 of 44 patients(63.64%) in DD+ group and 23 of 54 patients (42.59%) in DD− group had at least one nonfatal CV event or death (p = 0.038). Compared to DD− group, DD+ group had significantly higher incidence of LSCEs (21 vs.14, p = 0.025) and shorter survival time (22.02 ± 12.98 months vs. 26.74 ± 12.59 months, p = 0.046). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed significantly higher risks of primary endpoint (p = 0.039), and LSCEs (p = 0.040) in DD+ group. Multivariate hazard analysis showed that DD+ group had significantly higher risk of primary endpoint [hazard ratio (HR) 1.59; 95% confident interval (CI) 1.54–1.63], and LSCEs (HR 1.47; 95%CI 1.40–1.55). Ultrasound-assessed diaphragm dysfunction predicts clinical outcomes in HD patients. Trial registration: This study was registered with Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (www.chictr.org.cn) as ChiCTR1800016500 on Jun 05, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Gerontology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Yin
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shi-Yuan Wang
- Department Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying-Yan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Jie Xiao
- Covenant Health Palliative Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tao-Tao Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Jie Ni
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Qun Ren
- Department of Gerontology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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37
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Zhou S, Cheing GLY, Cheung AKK. Role of exosomes and exosomal microRNA in muscle–Kidney crosstalk in chronic kidney disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:951837. [PMID: 36158193 PMCID: PMC9490178 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.951837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive damage of kidneys that can no longer serve the blood-filtering function, and is a life-threatening condition. Skeletal muscle wasting is a common complication of CKD. Yet the relationship between kidney and skeletal muscle in CKD remains unclear. Exosomes, a type of small membrane-bound vesicles released from cells to the extracellular environment, have increasingly received attention due to their potential as mediators of crosstalk between kidneys and different organs, including skeletal muscle. This mini-review summarizes the recent findings that point to the role of exosomes in the cross-talk between kidney and skeletal muscle in CKD. Understanding of the contents and the mechanism of exosome release may prone exosomes be the potential therapeutic targets for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong KongSAR, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gladys Lai Ying Cheing
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong KongSAR, China
- *Correspondence: Alex Kwok Kuen Cheung, ; Gladys Lai Ying Cheing,
| | - Alex Kwok Kuen Cheung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong KongSAR, China
- *Correspondence: Alex Kwok Kuen Cheung, ; Gladys Lai Ying Cheing,
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38
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Kim HY, Kwon S, Um W, Shin S, Kim CH, Park JH, Kim BS. Functional Extracellular Vesicles for Regenerative Medicine. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106569. [PMID: 35322545 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The unique biological characteristics and promising clinical potential of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have galvanized EV applications for regenerative medicine. Recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication, naturally secreted EVs have the potential, as innate biotherapeutics, to promote tissue regeneration. Although EVs have emerged as novel therapeutic agents, challenges related to the clinical transition have led to further functionalization. In recent years, various engineering approaches such as preconditioning, drug loading, and surface modification have been developed to potentiate the therapeutic outcomes of EVs. Also, limitations of natural EVs have been addressed by the development of artificial EVs that offer advantages in terms of production yield and isolation methodologies. In this review, an updated overview of current techniques is provided for the functionalization of natural EVs and recent advances in artificial EVs, particularly in the scope of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunglee Kwon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Um
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Shin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ho Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Engineering Research, BioMAX, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Li Q, Zhang Z, Yin M, Cui C, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu F. What do we actually know about exosomal microRNAs in kidney diseases? Front Physiol 2022; 13:941143. [PMID: 36105281 PMCID: PMC9464820 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.941143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several types of kidney diseases with complex causes. If left untreated, these diseases irreversibly progress to end-stage renal disease. Thus, their early diagnosis and targeted treatment are important. Exosomes—extracellular vesicles released by a variety of cells—are ideal carriers for DNA, RNA, proteins, and other metabolites owing to their bilayer membranes. Studies have shown that almost all renal cells can secrete exosomes. While research on exosomal microRNAs in the context of renal diseases begun only recently, rapid progress has been achieved. This review summarizes the changes in exosomal microRNA expression in different kidney diseases. Thus, it highlights the diagnostic and prognostic value of these exosomal microRNAs. Further, this review analyzes their roles in the development of different kidney diseases, guiding research on molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Li
- Department of Nephrology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Yin
- Department of Nephrology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cancan Cui
- Clinical Laboratory, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Liu, ; Yali Wang,
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Liu, ; Yali Wang,
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Marini V, Marino F, Aliberti F, Giarratana N, Pozzo E, Duelen R, Cortés Calabuig Á, La Rovere R, Vervliet T, Torella D, Bultynck G, Sampaolesi M, Chai YC. Long-term culture of patient-derived cardiac organoids recapitulated Duchenne muscular dystrophy cardiomyopathy and disease progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:878311. [PMID: 36035984 PMCID: PMC9403515 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.878311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked neuromuscular disease which to date is incurable. The major cause of death is dilated cardiomyopathy however, its pathogenesis is unclear as existing cellular and animal models do not fully recapitulate the human disease phenotypes. In this study, we generated cardiac organoids from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (DMD-COs) and isogenic-corrected controls (DMD-Iso-COs) and studied if DMD-related cardiomyopathy and disease progression occur in the organoids upon long-term culture (up to 93 days). Histological analysis showed that DMD-COs lack initial proliferative capacity, displayed a progressive loss of sarcoglycan localization and high stress in endoplasmic reticulum. Additionally, cardiomyocyte deterioration, fibrosis and aberrant adipogenesis were observed in DMD-COs over time. RNA sequencing analysis confirmed a distinct transcriptomic profile in DMD-COs which was associated with functional enrichment in hypertrophy/dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, adipogenesis and fibrosis pathways. Moreover, five miRNAs were identified to be crucial in this dysregulated gene network. In conclusion, we generated patient-derived cardiac organoid model that displayed DMD-related cardiomyopathy and disease progression phenotypes in long-term culture. We envision the feasibility to develop a more complex, realistic and reliable in vitro 3D human cardiac-mimics to study DMD-related cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Marini
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fabiola Marino
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Flaminia Aliberti
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Transplant Research Area, Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nefele Giarratana
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Enrico Pozzo
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Duelen
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Rita La Rovere
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vervliet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniele Torella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Histology and Medical Embryology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maurilio Sampaolesi, ; Yoke Chin Chai,
| | - Yoke Chin Chai
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Maurilio Sampaolesi, ; Yoke Chin Chai,
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Dong Y, Peng N, Dong L, Tan S, Zhang X. Non-coding RNAs: Important participants in cardiac fibrosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:937995. [PMID: 35966549 PMCID: PMC9365961 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.937995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is a pathophysiological process activated by diverse cardiac stress, which impairs cardiac function and leads to adverse clinical outcome. This remodeling partly attributes to cardiac fibrosis, which is a result of differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts and the production of excessive extracellular matrix within the myocardium. Non-coding RNAs mainly include microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs. These non-coding RNAs have been proved to have a profound impact on biological behaviors of various cardiac cell types and play a pivotal role in the development of cardiac fibrosis. This review aims to summarize the role of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in cardiac fibrosis associated with pressure overload, ischemia, diabetes mellitus, aging, atrial fibrillation and heart transplantation, meanwhile shed light on the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of non-coding RNAs for cardiac fibrosis.
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Shared and Divergent Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cachexia and Sarcopenia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152293. [PMID: 35892590 PMCID: PMC9332174 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant loss of muscle mass may occur in cachexia and sarcopenia, which are major causes of mortality and disability. Cachexia represents a complex multi-organ syndrome associated with cancer and chronic diseases. It is often characterized by body weight loss, inflammation, and muscle and adipose wasting. Progressive muscle loss is also a hallmark of healthy aging, which is emerging worldwide as a main demographic trend. A great challenge for the health care systems is the age-related decline in functionality which threatens the independence and quality of life of elderly people. This biological decline can also be associated with functional muscle loss, known as sarcopenia. Previous studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in the development and progression of muscle wasting in both cachexia and sarcopenia. These small non-coding RNAs, often carried in extracellular vesicles, inhibit translation by targeting messenger RNAs, therefore representing potent epigenetic modulators. The molecular mechanisms behind cachexia and sarcopenia, including the expression of specific miRNAs, share common and distinctive trends. The aim of the present review is to compile recent evidence about shared and divergent epigenetic mechanisms, particularly focusing on miRNAs, between cachexia and sarcopenia to understand a facet in the underlying muscle wasting associated with these morbidities and disclose potential therapeutic interventions.
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Huang C, Wang R, Lu J, He Y, Wu Y, Ma W, Xu J, Wu Z, Feng Z, Wu M. MicroRNA
‐338‐3p as a therapeutic target in cardiac fibrosis through
FGFR2
suppression. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24584. [PMID: 35792028 PMCID: PMC9396162 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of cardiac fibrosis involves the activation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and their differentiation into myofibroblasts, which leads to the disruption of the extracellular matrix network. In the past few years, microRNAs (miRNA) have been described as potential targets for treating cardiac diseases. Although miR‐338‐3p has been shown to participate in the development of carcinoma, whether it affects cardiac fibrosis is unclear. Methods We examined the expression profiles of microRNAs in left ventricular samples of heart failure mice established by thoracic aortic constriction (TAC). Real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR‐338‐3p. CCK‐8 assay/Transwell migration assay was used to measure the proliferation rate/migration of CFs. Luciferase reporter gene assay was used to test the binding between miR‐338‐3p and FGFR2. Results This study demonstrated that miR‐338‐3p was significantly decreased in thoracic aortic constriction mice. Cardiac miR‐338‐3p amounts were also reduced in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Interestingly, miR‐338‐3p overexpression inhibited α‐SMA, COL1A1, and COL3A1 expression, as well as cell proliferation and migration in CFs. Bioinformatics analysis and dual‐luciferase reporter assays revealed FGFR2 was targeted by miR‐338‐3p, whose antifibrotic effect could be alleviated by overexpression of FGFR2. Moreover, in DCM cases, serum miR‐338‐3p levels were markedly elevated in individuals with worse outcomes. Conclusions The present study provides evidence that miR‐338‐3p suppresses cardiac fibroblast activation, proliferation, and migration by directly targeting FGFR2 in mice. Besides, serum miR‐338‐3p might constitute a potential prognostic biomarker of dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute Guangzhou China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute Guangzhou China
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Department of Medical Services The First Affiliated Hopital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yongli He
- Department of Intensive Care Unit Guangdong General Hospital Zhuhai Hospital Zhuhai Golden Bay Center Hospital Zhuhai China
| | - Yueheng Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute Guangzhou China
| | - Wuxia Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute Guangzhou China
| | - Jindong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangzhou China
| | - Zejia Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute Guangzhou China
| | - Zhe Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute Guangzhou China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute Guangzhou China
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Fan J, Ren M, He Y. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Properties of Exosomes in Cardiac Fibrosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:931082. [PMID: 35859903 PMCID: PMC9289295 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.931082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis results from both the differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to myocardial stiffness and reduced compliance of the ventricular wall. The conversion of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts is the most important initiating step in the process of this pathological cardiac remodeling. It occurs during the progression of many cardiovascular diseases, adversely influencing both the clinical course and outcome of the disease. The pathogenesis is complex and there is no effective treatment. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that mediate intercellular communication through delivering specific cargoes of functional nucleic acids and proteins derived from particular cell types. Recent studies have found that exosomes play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac fibrosis, and is a potential biotherapeutics and drug delivery vectors for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis. The present review aimed to summarize the current knowledge of exosome-related mechanisms underlying cardiac fibrosis and to suggest potential therapy that could be used to treat the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Fan
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Yuquan He
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yuquan He,
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Tang TT, Wang B, Lv LL, Dong Z, Liu BC. Extracellular vesicles for renal therapeutics: State of the art and future perspective. J Control Release 2022; 349:32-50. [PMID: 35779658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With the ever-increasing burden of kidney disease, the need for developing new therapeutics to manage this disease has never been greater. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural membranous nanoparticles present in virtually all organisms. Given their excellent delivery capacity in the body, EVs have emerged as a frontier technology for drug delivery and have the potential to usher in a new era of nanomedicine for kidney disease. This review is focused on why EVs are such compelling drug carriers and how to release their fullest potentiality in renal therapeutics. We discuss the unique features of EVs compared to artificial nanoparticles and outline the engineering technologies and steps in developing EV-based therapeutics, with an emphasis on the emerging approaches to target renal cells and prolong kidney retention. We also explore the applications of EVs as natural therapeutics or as drug carriers in the treatment of renal disorders and present our views on the critical challenges in manufacturing EVs as next-generation renal therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Tao Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin-Li Lv
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Nanjing, China.
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Muscle Wasting in Chronic Kidney Disease: Mechanism and Clinical Implications—A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116047. [PMID: 35682722 PMCID: PMC9181340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle wasting, known to develop in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), is a deleterious consequence of numerous complications associated with deteriorated renal function. Muscle wasting in CKD mainly involves dysregulated muscle protein metabolism and impaired muscle cell regeneration. In this narrative review, we discuss the cardinal role of the insulin-like growth factor 1 and myostatin signaling pathways, which have been extensively investigated using animal and human studies, as well as the emerging concepts in microRNA- and gut microbiota-mediated regulation of muscle mass and myogenesis. To ameliorate muscle loss, therapeutic strategies, including nutritional support, exercise programs, pharmacological interventions, and physical modalities, are being increasingly developed based on advances in understanding its underlying pathophysiology.
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47
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Gabisonia K, Khan M, Recchia FA. Extracellular vesicle-mediated bidirectional communication between heart and other organs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H769-H784. [PMID: 35179973 PMCID: PMC8993522 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00659.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a wealth of studies has identified various molecular species released by cardiac muscle under physiological and pathological conditions that exert local paracrine and/or remote endocrine effects. Conversely, humoral factors, principally produced by organs such as skeletal muscle, kidney, or adipose tissue, may affect the function and metabolism of normal and diseased hearts. Although this cross communication within cardiac tissue and between the heart and other organs is supported by mounting evidence, research on the role of molecular mediators carried by exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, collectively defined as extracellular vesicles (EVs), is at an early stage of investigation. Once released in the circulation, EVs can potentially reach any organ where they transfer their cargo of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that exert potent biological effects on recipient cells. Although there are a few cases where such signaling was clearly demonstrated, the results from many other studies can only be tentatively inferred based on indirect evidence obtained by infusing exogenous EVs in experimental animals or by adding them to cell cultures. This area of research is in rapid expansion and most mechanistic interpretations may change in the near future; hence, the present review on the role played by EV-carried mediators in the two-way communication between heart and skeletal muscle, kidneys, bone marrow, lungs, liver, adipose tissue, and brain is necessarily limited. Nonetheless, the available data are already unveiling new, intriguing, and ample scenarios in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatia Gabisonia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Li H, Zhan J, Chen C, Wang D. MicroRNAs in cardiovascular diseases. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2022; 2:140-168. [PMID: 37724243 PMCID: PMC10471109 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2021-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, despite the wide diversity of molecular targets identified and the development of therapeutic methods. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small (about 22 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in the cytoplasm and play complicated roles in different CVDs. While miRNA overexpression in one type of cell protects against heart disease, it promotes cardiac dysfunction in another type of cardiac cell. Moreover, recent studies have shown that, apart from cytosolic miRNAs, subcellular miRNAs such as mitochondria- and nucleus-localized miRNAs are dysregulated in CVDs. However, the functional properties of cellular- and subcellular-localized miRNAs have not been well characterized. In this review article, by carefully revisiting animal-based miRNA studies in CVDs, we will address the regulation and functional properties of miRNAs in various CVDs. Specifically, the cell-cell crosstalk and subcellular perspective of miRNAs are highlighted. We will provide the background for attractive molecular targets that might be useful in preventing the progression of CVDs and heart failure (HF) as well as insights for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiabing Zhan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
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Williams KB, Ehrhart NP. Regenerative medicine 2.0: extracellular vesicle-based therapeutics for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:683-689. [PMID: 35263279 DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.02.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as prominent mediators of the homeostasis, repair, and regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues including bone, skeletal muscle, and cartilage. Accordingly, the therapeutic potential of EVs for regenerative medicine applications has not gone unnoticed. The use of EVs for the treatment of musculoskeletal injury and disease in veterinary species is a nascent but rapidly expanding area of research. Recent studies in this area have demonstrated the safety and feasibility of EV products in dogs and horses. While early clinical responses to EV-based therapeutics in companion animals have been favorable, more rigorously designed, sufficiently powered, and placebo-controlled clinical trials are required to fully elucidate the clinical benefits and best-use scenarios for EV therapeutics in veterinary medicine. Additionally, clinical translation of EV-based therapeutics will require Good Manufacturing Practice-compliant methods to scale up and purify EV products. Despite these challenges, EVs hold great promise in the regenerative medicine landscape, particularly in the treatment of musculoskeletal injury and disease in companion animals.
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50
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Wang XH, Mitch WE, Price SR. Pathophysiological mechanisms leading to muscle loss in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:138-152. [PMID: 34750550 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss of muscle proteins is a deleterious consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that causes a decrease in muscle strength and function, and can lead to a reduction in quality of life and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The effectiveness of current treatment strategies in preventing or reversing muscle protein losses is limited. The limitations largely stem from the systemic nature of diseases such as CKD, which stimulate skeletal muscle protein degradation pathways while simultaneously activating mechanisms that impair muscle protein synthesis and repair. Stimuli that initiate muscle protein loss include metabolic acidosis, insulin and IGF1 resistance, changes in hormones, cytokines, inflammatory processes and decreased appetite. A growing body of evidence suggests that signalling molecules secreted from muscle can enter the circulation and subsequently interact with recipient organs, including the kidneys, while conversely, pathological events in the kidney can adversely influence protein metabolism in skeletal muscle, demonstrating the existence of crosstalk between kidney and muscle. Together, these signals, whether direct or indirect, induce changes in the levels of regulatory and effector proteins via alterations in mRNAs, microRNAs and chromatin epigenetic responses. Advances in our understanding of the signals and processes that mediate muscle loss in CKD and other muscle wasting conditions will support the future development of therapeutic strategies to reduce muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan H Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William E Mitch
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Russ Price
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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