1
|
Wangliu Y. Does intergenerational support affect older People's social participation? An Empirical study of an older Chinese population. SSM Popul Health 2023; 22:101368. [PMID: 36873267 PMCID: PMC9974446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
As a means of social support, intergenerational support plays an essential role in encouraging older people to participate in society. Data on 3142 older adults were collected from the China Survey of Elderly Health Influencing Factors (CLHLS), and logistic regression models were used to determine the effects of several types of intergenerational support on social participation and whether self-rated health and life satisfaction mediated the associations between intergenerational support and social participation. Among all the three types of intergenerational support, the results showed that financial support and emotional support were positively associated with the social participation of the older Chinese in our sample. We observed rural-urban differences in the effects of financial support and emotional support on social participation, which were significant in the urban groups. Gender differences also exist in these relationships. The effects of emotional support on social participation were significant in both groups and the impact of financial support was obvious only in the female group. Regarding the mediating effect, financial support was found to improve the participants' self-rated health, which enhanced their social participation. Emotional support increased the participants' life satisfaction, which led to higher levels of social participation. Based on the findings of this study, policymakers should advocate to strengthen financial and emotional support from adult children in the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Wangliu
- Department of Social Work, T.C. Cheng Building, United College, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Sun Q, Abuduxukuer K, Hou Y, Wei J, Liu H, Luo J, Gao G, Zhou Y. Is there a correlation between sensory impairments and social isolation in middle-aged and older Chinese population? Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from a nationally representative survey. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1098109. [PMID: 37050954 PMCID: PMC10084511 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1098109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between sensory impairments (SIs) including single vision impairment (SVI), single hearing impairment (SHI), and dual sensory impairments (DSI) with social isolation in the middle-aged and older Chinese population.MethodsData were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS). In total, 11,674 Chinese older adults aged over 45 were included at baseline 2011, and 6,859 participants who accomplished all four interviews from 2011 to 2018 were adapted for longitudinal analyses. Sensory status and social isolation measurements including social disconnectedness and self-perceived loneliness were collected. Assessment of social disconnectedness included the number of types of social activities in which they participated and the frequency of such participation. Loneliness referred to the subjective perception of loneliness. Other covariates included socio-demographic characteristics, medical conditions, and lifestyle-related factors. The impacts of baseline sensory status on social disconnectedness and loneliness were assessed using univariate and multivariate generalized linear models. A generalized linear model with generalized estimation equations (GEE) was used to assess the association between time-varying sensory statuses with social disconnectedness or loneliness over 8 years after being adjusted with multi-confounding factors.ResultsParticipants with SIs had significantly higher levels of social disconnectedness and self-perceived loneliness, compared to those who were free of SI. All kinds of SIs were significantly associated with loneliness according to both cross-sectional and longitudinal data. The correlations between DSI and social disconnectedness or loneliness at baseline and over 8 years were also noticed. SHI was found to be significantly associated with both frequency and types of social activities according to cross-sectional data and with the frequency of social activity participation in longitudinal analysis. SVI was only associated with the types of social activities at baseline (all p-values < 0.05).ConclusionSensory impairments, especially dual sensory impairments, have explicitly detrimental effects on social isolation among the older Chinese population. Over time, single hearing impairment specifically jeopardizes their frequency rather than types of social activities participation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinglei Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - KaiweiSa Abuduxukuer
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Hou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Jianfeng Luo
| | - Guangfeng Gao
- Shanghai Jiading Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guangfeng Gao
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yifan Zhou
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Karkada D, D'Costa VG, Acharya S. Do residential care and low social capital negatively influence oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among older adults? A cross-sectional study. Gerodontology 2023; 40:39-46. [PMID: 34927278 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare oral health status, OHRQoL and social capital between dependent older adults living in a residential care setting (RC) and community dwellers living independently (CD) and to assess the possible role of social capital and residential status as independent predictors of OHRQoL in a sample of older adults in the Udupi region of Karnataka, South India. BACKGROUND As the global population ages, a greater number of older adults are now living in residential care settings than ever before. This study provides insights into the role of residential care and social capital in influencing the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 296 older adults, comprising 148 dependent older adults living in residential care (RC) and 148 community dwelling older adults living independently (CD), completed the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and a Social Capital Scale after undergoing clinical oral examination for dentition and periodontal status. RESULTS The caries experience in both the residential care group (RC) and the community dwelling group (CD) was high with mean DMF scores of 21.6 (SD = 9.6) and 20.1 (SD = 10.7) respectively. The Mean Social Capital score was significantly higher (P = .01) among the RC group (33.2, SD = 5.1) than the CD group (31.5, SD = 5.7), whereas the mean GOHAI score was significantly higher (P = .02) among the CD (61.5, SD = 6.8) than the RC group (59.5, SD = 7.9). Linear regression showed lower DMFT scores (β: -0.26, P ˂ .001), being a community dweller (β: 0.14, P = .01) and having higher social capital (β: 0.11, P = .04) were associated with better OHRQoL (higher GOHAI scores) after adjusting for possible confounders. CONCLUSION Dependent older adults living in residential care had higher social capital but poorer OHRQoL. Caries experience, residential status and social capital were independently associated with OHRQoL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Karkada
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Valerie Gloria D'Costa
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shashidhar Acharya
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Matsuura H, Hatono Y, Saito I. Preventive role of community-level social capital in the need for long-term care and impairment in instrumental activities of daily living: a multilevel analysis. Environ Health Prev Med 2023; 28:15. [PMID: 36754415 PMCID: PMC9922590 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual-level social capital is an important determinant of older adults' long-term care needs; however, there is scant evidence regarding community-level social capital. Therefore, we investigated the association between community-level social capital and the prevalence of the need for long-term care among older adults. METHODS Between January and February 2018, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among all older adults (n = 13,558) aged 65 to 74 years in a rural municipality in Japan (total population, n = 72,833). A self-reported questionnaire was used to identify community-level social capital, comprising civic participation, social cohesion, and reciprocity. A multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratios of the need for long-term care and a decline in social activity competence as assessed by instrumental activities of daily living. For the analysis, the community levels were divided into 76 voting districts and adjusted for daily life, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, health conditions, and the three social capital subscale scores at the individual level. RESULTS After adjusting for the covariates, we observed a tendency that a higher community level of reciprocity was associated with a lower prevalence of long-term care needs (OR: 0.86, 95% confidence interval: 0.75-1.00), whereas a high community level of social cohesion was associated with a significantly reduced decline in instrumental activities of daily living (OR per standard deviation increase: 0.87, 95% confidence interval: 0.79-0.96). No significant association was found with civic participation. Similarly, individual-level social capital was associated with the need for long-term care and decline in instrumental activities of daily living. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that good community-level reciprocity or social cohesion as well as good individual social capital status may help prevent the need for long-term care among older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Matsuura
- Health and Welfare Division, Ehime Prefectural Office, Japan,Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoko Hatono
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao B, Kim JE, Moon J, Nam EW. Social engagement and subjective health among older adults in South Korea: Evidence from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006-2018). SSM Popul Health 2023; 21:101341. [PMID: 36845671 PMCID: PMC9950723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Social engagement serves as the foundation for social connections by providing a sense of belonging, social identity, and fulfillment. Previous studies have mainly focused on the one-way relationship between social engagement and subjective health among older individuals, and little attention has been paid to their mutual relationship. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the mutual association relationship between social engagement and their subjective health in older Koreans. Methods Seven waves of data samples (aged ≥60 years) from 2006 to 2018 from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) was used in this study. Descriptive analysis, chi-squared tests, 2-year lagged Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model, and cross-lagged panel model were performed to investigate the mutual association between social engagement and subjective health among six survey periods. Results Results of the GEE model revealed when controlling for other variables, older Koreans who reported good subjective health only had a higher OR (1.678 vs. 1.650, p < 0.001) of participating in social engagement than those who had bad subjective health in 2006-2008 period; the occurrence rate of more social engagement was significantly higher among older adults with good subjective health than among those with bad subjective health (five out six survey periods). Cross-lagged analysis showed similar results that coefficients of social engagement on subjective were relatively larger in three survey periods; coefficients of subjective health on social engagement were relatively larger in the other three survey periods. The impact of social engagement on subjective health might be greater than that of subjective health on social engagement. Conclusion All-around participation and engagement of older people in society have become a consensus among the international community. In view of the single social engagement activities and less relevant participation channels in Korea, government departments should consider not only regional but also local characteristics to create more social participation opportunities for older individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Department of Health Administration, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea,Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Ji Eon Kim
- Department of Health Administration, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea,Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Moon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Eun Woo Nam
- Department of Health Administration, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea,Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea,Corresponding author. Department of Health Administration, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yi H, Ng ST, Chang CM, Low CXE, Tan CS. Effects of neighborhood features on healthy aging in place: the composition and context of urban parks and traditional local coffeeshops in Singapore. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:969. [PMID: 36522627 PMCID: PMC9753030 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy aging in place is affected by what the neighborhood provides for older adults. The mixed-methods ethnographic study explored the built environmental and contextual effects of urban parks and traditional local coffeeshops (kopitiam) on health practices among older adults in Singapore. METHODS A door-to-door survey with 497 older adults from 32 residential blocks in a public housing town assessed exercise and smoking. The walking distances from the residential blocks to the facilities were calculated. Regression analysis examined the associations between the distance and rates of exercise and smoking. Ethnographic assessment data contextualized the quantitative findings. RESULTS Older adults' exercise was associated with proximity to an urban park but not traditional local coffeeshops. High rates of smoking were clustered in the housing blocks close to the coffeeshops, which provided casual drinking places with smoking tables. The proximity to the coffeeshops was significantly associated with increased smoking and decreased exercise. A walking distance of 200 m to the park and coffeeshops was found to discriminate the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggested that walking distances of a few blocks influenced health behaviors among older adults. Their smoking habits appeared to be maintained through environmental features and cultural norms attached to the coffeeshops. Policy of urban planning and redevelopment for the aging population needs to consider the socioecology of healthy aging in place.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huso Yi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Shu Tian Ng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Mun Chang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Xue Er Low
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chuen Seng Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Watanabe JI, Kimura T, Nakamura T, Suzuki D, Takemoto T, Tamakoshi A. Associations of social capital and health at a city with high aging rate and low population density. SSM Popul Health 2022; 17:100981. [PMID: 35967471 PMCID: PMC9366956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining physical and mental health of older people is one of the important issues to be addressed in the aging society. Social capital, defined as the resources available to members of social groups, has recently attracted attention as a factor influencing public health. Most of the previous studies targeted various communities having different aging rates or population densities at once to examine the associations of social capital and health outcomes. However, the results of those studies are not always consistent. Moreover, because few studies have targeted a particular advanced aging society, associations of social capital and health at such societies have remained unknown. This study examined how social capital associates with health at a particular city having a very high aging rate and low population density. We targeted Iwamizawa city, Hokkaido, Japan, which is one of the most advanced aging areas, with an aging rate of 36.6% and a population density of 165/km2. We analyzed self-administered questionnaire data obtained from “HELLO (HEalth, Lifestyle, and LOcal community of Iwamizawa citizen) Study” in 2018. The sample comprised 1237 individuals aged 65 and older. Following previous studies, we regarded three items—social cohesion, reciprocity, and civic participation—as social capital indices, and targeted two health outcomes: self-rated health (SRH) and degree of depression. Multilevel Poisson regression analyses were used to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs). We found that at the individual-level, the PR (95% confidence interval) of having poor SRH among those with more civic participation was 0.81 (0.71–0.93), and that of being depressed among those with more social cohesion was 0.32 (0.21–0.51), even after adjusting for compositional factors. We also found that the community-level civic participation significantly correlated with aging rate. Our findings indicate that social capital positively associates with older people's health at the advanced aging city. Examined the relationship between social capital and health at an advanced aging city. Multilevel Poisson regression analyses were used to calculate prevalence ratios. Individuals with less social capital had poor self-rated health and were depressed. Community-level social capital had no effect on individual-level health outcomes. Community-level civic participation significantly correlated with aging rate.
Collapse
|
8
|
Shrestha S, Aro AR, Shrestha B, Thapa S. Elderly care in Nepal: Are existing health and community support systems enough. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211066381. [PMID: 34925836 PMCID: PMC8679025 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211066381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In Nepal, a few governmental and community-based programmes for elderly
care are in place; however, information about successful
implementation and overall effectiveness of these programmes is not
well understood. In this article, we introduced these programmes and
discussed existing programmes’ gaps and implementation problems in
light of existing grey and peer-reviewed evidence. A few notable
governmental programmes, such as providing monthly allowances,
pensions and free health care, have targeted specifically the elderly
individuals. Yet, most health care institutions and providers are
privately owned and profit-oriented, and there is a general lack of
proper governmental health as well as social security systems for the
elderly in the country. Generally, Nepalese communities consist of
neighbourhood-based and religious-based groups that provide emotional
and spiritual support to elderly individuals as well as provide
support for health care access when needed. However, the influence
that these groups can have on health and social well-being of elderly
remains not well understood. Traditional family-based support systems
may be feasible only for some families, while for others it could
impose financial and psychological burdens. The role of the state is
important in the effective implementation of existing programmes as
well as in the development and implementation of additional programmes
to ensure health and social well-being of elderly individuals.
Furthermore, there is a need to establish partnerships with existing
community structures and to mobilize them in the implementation of
community-based programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Shrestha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Arja R Aro
- Unit for Health Promotion Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark.,EduRes Consulting Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Subash Thapa
- Research Unit of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Czaja SJ, Moxley JH, Rogers WA. Social Support, Isolation, Loneliness, and Health Among Older Adults in the PRISM Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychol 2021; 12:728658. [PMID: 34675843 PMCID: PMC8525598 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.728658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Social isolation and loneliness are serious public health issues given the association with negative physical, mental; and cognitive health outcomes and increased risk for mortality. Due to changes in life circumstances many aging adults are socially isolated and experience loneliness. We examined the relationships among four correlated but distinct constructs: social network size, social support, social isolation, and loneliness as they relate to indices of health and wellbeing among diverse subpopulations of older adults. Guided by WHO's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) we also examined factors that predict loneliness and social isolation. Methods: Analyses of baseline data from sample of older adults who participated in an intervention trial that examined the beneficial effects of a software system designed to support access to resources and information, and social connectivity. Participants included 300 individuals aged 65-98, who lived alone, were primarily of lower socio-economic status and ethnically diverse. Participants completed a demographics questionnaire, self-report measures of health, depression, social network size, social support, and loneliness. Results: Loneliness was strongly associated with depression and self-ratings of health. In turn, greater social isolation and less social support were associated with greater loneliness. Social isolation was associated with depression and lower self-ratings of health. The association between social isolation and health was mediated by loneliness. Individuals in the older cohorts (80+) reported less social support. With respect to loneliness, having a smaller social network, more functional limitations, and limitations in engaging meaningful activities was associated with higher levels of loneliness and greater social isolation. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of social connectively to wellbeing for older adults and suggest that those in the older cohorts, who have a small social network, and with greater physical and functional impairments may be particularly vulnerable to being socially isolated and lonely. The findings provide guidance for future interventions. In this regard, we discuss how Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) may be used to promote social connectivity and engagement. Strategies to make the usability and availability of these applications for aging adults are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara J. Czaja
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Center on Aging and Behavioral Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jerad H. Moxley
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Center on Aging and Behavioral Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wendy A. Rogers
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schmidt T, Pawlowski CS, Kerr J, Schipperijn J. Investigating the WHAT and WHY on older adults' use of neighborhood open spaces following an environmental intervention. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:582-596. [PMID: 32044982 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using neighborhood open spaces (NOS) may be an easy way for older adults to maintain healthy aging through physical activity and social interaction. Little is known about older adults' use of NOS, their preferences, and barriers to using them. This paper presents older adults' use of NOS in a deprived neighborhood before and after an intervention and factors promoting or inhibiting their use using convergent mixed methods design. Participatory research was employed involving older adults in the intervention. The System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities was used to observe older adults' use of 13 NOS in spring 2017 (baseline) and spring 2018 (follow-up). Ten interviews were conducted in 2018 to identify barriers and facilitators for using NOS. Two NOS had a pavilion built and, in one NOS, benches were renovated, including building raised flower beds and small tables. At baseline, 209 older adults were observed, whereas 329 were observed at follow-up. More (44%) older adults were observed at follow-up in the NOS with the renovated benches. No use of the two pavilions was observed. The interviews identified six factors important for older adults' use of NOS: weather, support for social caretakers, support for resourceful volunteers, organized activities, social interaction, and sense of ownership. Organizational resources, such as social caretakers and volunteers, are important to promote older adults' use of NOS. Social interaction is a key factor for older adults' use of NOS and should be prioritized by health promoters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Schmidt
- Research Unit for Active Living, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Skau Pawlowski
- Research Unit for Active Living, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jacqueline Kerr
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jasper Schipperijn
- Research Unit for Active Living, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Charles S, Röcke C, Zadeh RS, Martin M, Boker S, Scholz U. Leveraging Daily Social Experiences to Motivate Healthy Aging. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:S157-S166. [PMID: 33861858 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Models of healthy aging highlight the motivating influence of social connections. Social experiences constantly shape our thoughts and behaviors throughout daily life, and these daily processes slowly and consistently influence our health and well-being. In this paper, we discuss research that has moved from cross-sectional laboratory designs emphasizing individual behaviors to more naturalistic within-person paradigms linking daily social experiences to emotional, cognitive, and physical well-being. We mention research gaps that need to be filled to advance our knowledge of the powerful forces of the social environment for motivating healthy aging. We also offer future directions to move this research forward. We conclude with an outlook on how to leverage these powerful forces in novel intervention approaches that are sensitive to the constantly changing nature of the person and the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Charles
- Department of Psychological Science, Social & Behavioral Sciences Gateway, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christina Röcke
- University Research Priority Program (URPP) "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rana Sagha Zadeh
- Department of Design & Environmental Analysis, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Mike Martin
- University Research Priority Program (URPP) "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steve Boker
- Department of Psychology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Urte Scholz
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kwon Y, Seo H. Employer-Sponsored Sports Programs Amid COVID-19: The Approach of Social Capital. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:285-290. [PMID: 33252374 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of bridging social capital through sports programs on the job insecurity-well-being relationship. METHODS A total of 473 Korean employees participated in a cross-sectional survey in May 2020. Using structural equation modeling, we tested the following hypotheses: (a) job insecurity will partially mediate the relationship between perceived threat and well-being and (b) social capital through sports programs will moderate the relationship between job insecurity and well-being. Socioeconomic status was used as a control variable for well-being. RESULTS The hypothesized relationships in the structural model were all significant (P < .001). Bridging social capital through sports programs had a significant moderating effect on the proposed relationship. CONCLUSIONS Strong bridging social capital through employer-sponsored sports programs is likely to buffer the detrimental effect of job insecurity on employee well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngbum Kwon
- Center for Sport Marketing Research, Sport Management, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (Dr Kwon); Department of Sports Industry, College of Physical Education, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju-si, South Korea (Dr Seo)
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Abstract
Retirement villages are a model of extra-care housing, offering purpose-designed housing that incorporates both care services and a range of non-care-related facilities and activities. These generate opportunities for formal and informal social activity, and promote community engagement, solidarity between residents, and active and independent ageing. Providers suggest that retirement villages are able to foster an environment rich in social capital. This study's purpose is to review and summarise key findings on the topic of social capital in retirement villages in the gerontological literature. Social capital is defined as both an individual attribute of single actors and a feature of communities as a whole. A clear conceptualisation of social capital is used to organise the reviewed studies along different dimensions: on an individual level, social networks, trustworthiness and obligations are differentiated, while the collective level distinguishes between system control, system trust and system morality. Thirty-four studies are reviewed. While retirement villages are generally described as friendly places with widespread helping behaviour where new friends are made, research has also highlighted the difficulty of socially integrating the frail and very old. While, in particular, social networks and system morality have received much attention, there is a clear need for future research into the other domains of social capital.
Collapse
|
14
|
From an aging person to an elegant senior: a humanistic approach to viewing older adults. FRONTIERS OF NURSING 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/fon-2020-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The continuing growth in the number of adults aged 60-plus has raised global alertness of population restructuring. This demographic change, on the one hand, reduces productivity and increases public expenditure due to aging, resulting in prejudice, bias, misrepresentation, and discrimination against them. On the other hand, it develops a specific consumer market segment and extends the availability and accessibility of the elderly through employment, volunteering, or grandparenting. This study argues against the stigmatization of this age group from a functional perspective that damages social cohesion. It advocates a humanistic view toward seniors to eradicate marginalization and promotes the manageability of the senior population. With the aid of advanced technology and health equity, senior adults can retain everyday competence for self-care with dignity, as well as gracefully attain physical and psychological health, autonomy, and well-being in their later life. All these considerations give medical and nursing professionals insight into how to take care of the elderly.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
The concept of social capital appears in the literature of multiple disciplines as a social determinant of health, an important aspect of human interaction, and a means to support population health capacity. Little is known about the use of social capital within the context of nursing. This article's aim provides insight into the concept of social capital and nursing. Avant and Walker methodology was used to analyze a sample of 78 articles. Along with a variety of articles and content themes, findings from this concept analysis include critical attributes, an operational definition, and reflections regarding future use.
Collapse
|
16
|
Aging, Living Environment, and Sustainability: What Should be Taken into Account? SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12051853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aging population presents numerous challenges and the design and management of living environments are not an exception. This literature review and analysis brings together topics related to the living environment of the aging population and the concept of sustainability. The article presents the review of the existing design concepts that are applied to planning the environment for the elderly, including (i) design for all, (ii) universal design, and (iii) inclusive design. Furthermore, this review highlights the aspects of sustainability and the peculiarities of the aging population that should be taken into account in the design and management of their living environment. Key points related to sustainable aging are highlighted, and the possibility of complementing the existing design concepts with the concept of biophilic design is proposed in order to strengthen their social, psychological, and ecological aspects.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ma S, Li Q, Zhou X, Cao W, Jiang M, Li L. Assessment of health inequality between urban-to-urban and rural-to-urban migrant older adults in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:268. [PMID: 32093668 PMCID: PMC7041246 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies focused on health inequality between migrant older adults and local older adults, while few study concerned the health inequalities between urban-to-urban and rural-to-urban migrant older adults. This study aimed to compare physical health and mental health between these two groups in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, and to explore the relationship between cognitive social capital, social integration and health among migrant older adults. METHODS A two-stage stratified sampling method was employed to recruit participants from May to August 2013 in Hangzhou. Measurement data were compared with student's t-tests and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Multiple linear regression was adopted in this study. RESULTS A total of 1000 of participants who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed, consisting of 527 (52.7%) urban-to-urban and 473 (47.3%) rural-to-urban migrant older adults. There were no statistically significant difference in physical health and mental health between urban-to-urban and rural-to-urban groups on the whole. However, urban-to-urban migrant older adults had a higher reciprocity and social integration than did in rural-to-urban group (13.36 vs. 12.50, p < 0.01; 40.07 vs. 38.50, p < 0.01). And both of cognitive social capital and social integration were positively related to physical health (social reciprocity: t = 6.69, p < 0.01; social trust: t = 3.27, p < 0.01; social integration: t = 5.66, p < 0.01) and mental health (social reciprocity: t = 4.49, p < 0.01; social trust: t = 5.15, p < 0.01; social integration: t = 10.02, p < 0.01). Overall, the female, widowed, and the oldest among migrant older adults had a worse health. CONCLUSIONS Social capital and social integration were played important roles in health of migrant older adults. The female rural-to-urban migrant older adults, those aged over 70 years, and older adults who were not in marriage should be especially concerned in health policy making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Ma
- School of Public Health, The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, Zhejiang University, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuju Li
- School of Public Health, The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, Zhejiang University, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xudong Zhou
- School of Public Health, The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, Zhejiang University, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiming Cao
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Gaoke Road, Fuyang District, Zhejiang Province 311402 People’s Republic of China
| | - Minmin Jiang
- School of Public Health, The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, Zhejiang University, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Public Health, The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, Zhejiang University, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310058 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Machielse J(A, van der Vaart W(W. Improving Social Quality in Housing Complexes for Older Adults: Professional Support as a Necessary Condition. JOURNAL OF AGING AND ENVIRONMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/02763893.2019.1684414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.E.M. (Anja) Machielse
- Department Humanism & Philosophy, University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W. (Wander) van der Vaart
- Department of Research Methodology and Theory of Sciences, University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kolak M, Bhatt J, Park YH, Padrón NA, Molefe A. Quantification of Neighborhood-Level Social Determinants of Health in the Continental United States. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e1919928. [PMID: 31995211 PMCID: PMC6991288 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.19928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE An association between social and neighborhood characteristics and health outcomes has been reported but remains poorly understood owing to complex multidimensional factors that vary across geographic space. OBJECTIVES To quantify social determinants of health (SDOH) as multiple dimensions across the continental United States (the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia) at a small-area resolution and to examine the association of SDOH with premature mortality within Chicago, Illinois. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this cross-sectional study, census tracts from the US Census Bureau from 2014 were used to develop multidimensional SDOH indices and a regional typology of the continental United States at a small-area level (n = 71 901 census tracts with approximately 312 million persons) using dimension reduction and clustering machine learning techniques (unsupervised algorithms used to reduce dimensions of multivariate data). The SDOH indices were used to estimate age-adjusted mortality rates in Chicago (n = 789 census tracts with approximately 7.5 million persons) with a spatial regression for the same period, while controlling for violent crime. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Fifteen variables, measured as a 5-year mean, were selected to characterize SDOH as small-area variations for demographic characteristics of vulnerable groups, economic status, social and neighborhood characteristics, and housing and transportation availability at the census-tract level. This SDOH data matrix was reduced to 4 indices reflecting advantage, isolation, opportunity, and mixed immigrant cohesion and accessibility, which were then clustered into 7 distinct multidimensional neighborhood typologies. The association between SDOH indices and premature mortality (defined as death before age 75 years) in Chicago was measured by years of potential life lost and aggregated to a 5-year mean. Data analyses were conducted between July 1, 2018, and August 30, 2019. RESULTS Among the 71 901 census tracts examined across the continental United States, a median (interquartile range) of 27.2% (47.1%) of residents had minority status, 12.1% (7.5%) had disabilities, 22.9% (7.6%) were 18 years and younger, and 13.6% (8.1%) were 65 years and older. Among the 789 census tracts examined in Chicago, a median (interquartile range) of 80.4% (56.3%) of residents had minority status, 10.2% (8.2%) had disabilities, 23.2% (10.9%) were 18 years and younger, and 9.5% (7.1%) were 65 years and older. Four SDOH indices accounted for 71% of the variance across all census tracts in the continental United States in 2014. The SDOH neighborhood typology of extreme poverty, which is of greatest concern to health care practitioners and policy advocates, comprised only 9.6% of all census tracts across the continental United States but characterized small areas of known public health crises. An association was observed between all SDOH indices and age-adjusted premature mortality rates in Chicago (R2 = 0.63; P < .001), even after accounting for violent crime and spatial structures. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The modeling of SDOH as multivariate indices rather than as a singular deprivation index may better capture the complexity and spatial heterogeneity underlying SDOH. During a time of increased attention to SDOH, this analysis may provide actionable information for key stakeholders with respect to the focus of interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marynia Kolak
- Center for Spatial Data Science, Searle Chemistry Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jay Bhatt
- Center for Health Innovation, American Hospital Association, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yoon Hong Park
- Center for Spatial Data Science, Searle Chemistry Laboratory, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Norma A. Padrón
- Center for Health Innovation, American Hospital Association, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ayrin Molefe
- Center for Health Innovation, American Hospital Association, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu J, Rozelle S, Xu Q, Yu N, Zhou T. Social Engagement and Elderly Health in China: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16020278. [PMID: 30669415 PMCID: PMC6352065 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the impact of social engagement on elderly health in China. A two-stage residual inclusion (2SRI) regression approach was used to examine the causal relationship. Our dataset comprises 9253 people aged 60 or above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) conducted in 2011 and 2013. Social engagement significantly improved the self-rated health of the elderly and reduced mental distress, but had no effect on chronic disease status. Compared with the rural areas, social engagement played a more important role in promoting the elderly health status in urban areas. Social engagement could affect the health status of the elderly through health behavior change and access to health resources. To improve the health of the elderly in China and promote healthy aging, the government should not only improve access to effective medical care but also encourage greater social engagement of the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Institute of Finance and Economics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, NO.777, Guoding Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Research Institute for Agriculture, Farmer and Rural Society in China, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, NO.777, Guoding Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Rural Education Action Program, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Qing Xu
- Institute of Finance and Economics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, NO.777, Guoding Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Research Institute for Agriculture, Farmer and Rural Society in China, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, NO.777, Guoding Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ning Yu
- Rural Education Action Program, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Tianshu Zhou
- Institute of Finance and Economics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, NO.777, Guoding Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using national data on Medicare beneficiaries and their caregivers (CGs), we investigated CG and care recipient (CR) factors associated with the likelihood of remaining in the community. METHODS We obtained data on 722 CG and CR dyads who lived in the community in 2011 from the National Study of Caregiving and the National Health Aging and Trend Study. We then used pooled data from 2011 to 2015 to track the CRs' likelihood of remaining in the community. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) analyses were used to assess the association between CG and CR factors and likelihood of community residence over five years. RESULTS The GEE analyses showed that the strongest CR factors predicting continued community residence include lower CR age, higher CR ADL capabilities, not having dementia, and having a heightened sense of community. CG factors predicting continued community residence included reporting no physical difficulties from caregiving, and higher positive aspects of caregiving. CONCLUSION In addition to widely found predictors of remaining in the community (e.g., CR age and dementia), psychosocial variables (CG positive aspects of caregiving, CR sense of community engagement) were also significant independent predictors. Interventions that emphasize not only traditional risk factors for placement, but also psychosocial factors such as promoting CG positive aspects of caregiving and strengthening CRs' linkages with their neighbors or community members deserves greater attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heehyul Moon
- a Kent School of Social Work , University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , 40292 , USA
| | - Sunshine Rote
- a Kent School of Social Work , University of Louisville , Louisville , KY , 40292 , USA
| | - William E Haley
- b School of Aging Studies, College of Behavioral and Community Sciences , University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Full KM, Malhotra A, Crist K, Moran K, Kerr J. Assessing psychometric properties of the PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Scale in older adults in independent-living and continuing care retirement communities. Sleep Health 2018; 5:18-22. [PMID: 30670160 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep disturbances are associated with poor health outcomes in older adults. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Information System (PROMIS) Sleep Disturbance Scale was designed to assess self-reported general sleep and sleep disturbance. The objective of this study was to validate the short-form PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Scale for use among older adults living in independent-living and continuing care retirement communities. METHODS Older adults (N = 307) were recruited from retirement communities in San Diego, CA, to participate in a physical activity intervention. Study participants were on average 83.6 years (SD 6.4) and predominately female (72.3%). Self-reported health outcomes included sleep disturbance, depressive symptoms, quality of life, stress, and pain. Internal consistency of the PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Scale was determined using Cronbach α, individual item means, and interitem correlations. Construct validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis techniques. Adjusted linear regression models assessed the predictive validity of the Sleep Disturbance Scale and associations with health outcomes. RESULTS The PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Scale had a Cronbach α = .856 and an interitem correlation of .504. All items loaded on 1 sole factor. Additionally, the sleep scale was significantly predictive of depressive symptoms, stress, and quality of life at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS The PROMIS 6-item Sleep Disturbance Scale had acceptable internal consistency and strong construct validity among a sample of elderly older adults in an independent-living community setting. These findings suggest that the PROMIS scale may provide an accurate assessment of sleep disturbance in older adults. Additional validation testing using objective measures of sleep is needed to confirm these findings further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie M Full
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, MC#0811, La Jolla, CA 92093; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S 2nd St #300, Minneapolis, MN 55454;.
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of California, UC San Diego School of Medicine, 9300 Campus Point Dr #7381, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Katie Crist
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, MC#0811, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Kevin Moran
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 N Lake Short Dr, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Jacqueline Kerr
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, MC#0811, La Jolla, CA 92093
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hitchcott PK, Fastame MC, Penna MP. More to Blue Zones than long life: positive psychological characteristics. HEALTH, RISK & SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13698575.2018.1496233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Chiara Fastame
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
AbstractDigital storytelling provides older adults with an opportunity to become digital producers, connect with others through story and explore their life history. The authors report on the results of a digital storytelling project for older adults. The study investigated the experiences and perceived benefits of older adults who created digital stories during a ten-week course and explored the reactions of story viewers to the digital stories they viewed during a special sharing event. Eighty-eight older adult participants in Metro Vancouver who attended one of 13 courses offered were included in the study. Most of the participants were female and over half were immigrants. Results from the focus group interviews demonstrated a rich array of reported social and emotional benefits experienced through the process of creating a digital story within the course. Three main themes emerged: social connectedness through shared experience and story, reminiscence and reflecting on life, and creating a legacy. Viewers who attended a ‘Sharing Our Stories’ event reported that the stories were meaningful, well constructed and invoked a range of emotions. The researchers conclude that digital storytelling may help digital storytellers increase connectedness to others and to self. Additionally, this connectedness may extend over time through the process of examining the past to create a digital story that can serve as a legacy to connect to future generations.
Collapse
|
25
|
Schensul JJ, Radda KE, Corbeil C. Sexual culture in low-income older adult housing: norms, behaviours and risks. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2018; 20:1-15. [PMID: 29909730 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2018.1472809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the behaviours and meanings associated with intimacy and sexuality among older adults with diverse partners living in subsidised senior housing. It utilises survey and qualitative data from a mixed methods of ageing/HIV exposure to illustrate gendered views on sexual and intimate behaviours, and attitudes towards transactional/commercial sex. Data suggest that women were cautious about engaging in intimate relationships, while men sought them and the companionship they provided to address loneliness. Reasons for non-intimacy were age and health problems. Generally speaking, both men and women had positive attitudes towards sex. Men took risks by having multiple partners and using condoms irregularly; women believed they could avoid risks by taking time to get to know their partners, but never used condoms. Forty per cent of men who saw sex workers were not regular condom users. They traded risk of gossip, violence and infection for companionship with women seeking money and physical safety. Findings have implications for policies, counselling and interventions for older sexually active adults in institutional and residential settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim E Radda
- a Institute for Community Research , Hartford , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
RÉSUMÉAvec le vieillissement de la population canadienne, l’isolement social des personnes âgées constitue une préoccupation croissante et une priorité d’action au niveau national. Bien que les risques individuels de l’isolement social des personnes âgées et les conséquences négatives sur leur santé soient relativement bien connus, les impacts des trajectoires de vie et des expériences collectives sont rarement considérés. Les définitions actuelles et les réponses à cet isolement social se basent sur des programmes qui tendent à privilégier les approches individuelles. Ici nous proposons que la discussion soit élargie afin de considérer les aspects sociaux et culturels de l’isolement social des personnes âgées. En particulier, nous suggérons que les définitions et les approches prennent en compte trois dimensions : les facteurs temporels, les facteurs spatiaux et les liens entre l’isolement social et l’exclusion. Ainsi, nous pensons qu’il serait possible d’élaborer une approche d’intervention plus inclusive face à l’isolement social des personnes âgées, et de développer les capacités en ce sens chez un plus grand nombre d’aînés, en vue de pouvoir répondre, en particulier, aux besoins des personnes âgées les plus vulnérables ou marginalisées.
Collapse
|
27
|
York Cornwell E, Cagney KA. Aging in Activity Space: Results From Smartphone-Based GPS-Tracking of Urban Seniors. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2017; 72:864-875. [PMID: 28586475 PMCID: PMC5927161 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbx063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prior research emphasizes the importance of the residential neighborhood context during later life but little attention has been afforded to other areas that older adults encounter as they move beyond their residential environments for daily activities and social interactions. This study examines the predominance of the residential context within older adults' everyday lives. METHOD We provided 60 older adults in four New York City neighborhoods with iPhones, which captured Global Positioning Systems (GPS) locations at 5-min intervals over 1 week (n = 55,561) and 17 ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) over 4 days (n = 757) to assess real-time activities. RESULTS Older adults in our sample spent nearly 40% of their time outside of their residential tracts and they visited 28 other tracts, on average. Exercising, shopping, socializing, and social activities were especially likely to take place outside of residential tracts. Differences in residential and nonresidential poverty exposure vary across gender, race/ethnicity, education, car ownership, and residential areas. DISCUSSION Measuring activity space, rather than relying on residential tracts, allows examination of the social environments that are relevant for older adults' everyday lives. Variation in characteristics of activity spaces may be an underexplored source of differences in health and well-being during later life.
Collapse
|
28
|
Hafskjold L, Sundling V, van Dulmen S, Eide H. The use of supportive communication when responding to older people's emotional distress in home care - An observational study. BMC Nurs 2017; 16:24. [PMID: 28522923 PMCID: PMC5434581 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-017-0220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Responding to older people’s distress by acknowledging or encouraging further discussion of emotions is central to supportive, person-centred communication, and may enhance home care outcomes and thereby promote healthy aging. This observational study describes nursing staff’s responses to older people’s emotional distress, and identify factors that encourage further emotional disclosure. Methods Audio-recorded home care visits in Norway (n = 196), including 48 older people and 33 nursing staff, were analysed with the Verona Coding Definitions of Emotional Sequences, identifying expressions of emotional distress and subsequent provider responses. The inter-rater reliability (two coders), Cohen’s kappa, was >0.6. Sum categories of emotional distress were constructed: a) verbal and non-verbal expressions referring to emotion, b) references to unpleasant states/circumstances, and c) contextual hints of emotion. A binary variable was constructed based on the VR response codes, differentiating between emotion-focused responses and responses that distanced emotion. Fisher’s exact test was used to analyse group differences and determined variables included in a multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify factors promoting emotion-focused responses. Results Older people’s expressions of emotional distress (n = 635) comprised 63 explicit concerns and 572 cues. Forty-eight per cent of nursing staff responses (n = 638) were emotion-focused. Emotion-focused responses were observed more frequently when nursing staff elicited the expression of emotional distress from the patients (54%) than when patients expressed their emotional distress on their own initiative (39%). Expressions with reference to emotion most often received emotion-focused responses (60%), whereas references to unpleasant states or circumstances and contextual hints of emotion most often received non-emotion-focused responses (59%). In a multivariate logistic model, nursing staff’s elicitation of the emotional expression (vs patients initiating it) and patients’ expression with a reference to an emotion (vs reference to unpleasant states or contextual hints) were both explanatory variables for emotion-focused responses. Conclusions Emotion-focused responses were promoted when nursing staff elicited the emotional expression, and when the patient expression referred to an emotion. Staff responded most often by acknowledging the distress and using moderately person-centred supportive communication. More research is needed to establish generalizability of the findings and whether older people deem such responses supportive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hafskjold
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, PoBox 7053, N-3007 Drammen, Norway
| | - Vibeke Sundling
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, PoBox 7053, N-3007 Drammen, Norway
| | - Sandra van Dulmen
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, PoBox 7053, N-3007 Drammen, Norway.,NIVEL (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Eide
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University College of Southeast Norway, PoBox 7053, N-3007 Drammen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The world is aging as a result of unprecedented successes worldwide adding 30 years of life expectancy and presenting great opportunities for all of society, but only if we invest effectively. This article, written as a requested background article for the World Health Organization 2015 World Report on Aging, proposes that creating health into the oldest ages could lay the basis for a third demographic dividend resulting from the societal benefits from the generative social capital of older adults, on top of the second demographic dividend's savings associated with longer lives. The combination would contribute to stronger and wealthier societies, greater success of the young, and increased societal ability to provide the humane supports needed at the end of life, plus a dividend that would endure. We now know that prevention works at every age and into the oldest ages. A life-course approach to prevention and health promotion is the key investment. The creation of geriatrically knowledgeable and integrated public health, medical and social care systems has the potential to amplify capabilities and well-being to the end of life. Healthy older populations bring both desire for engagement and unique talents. Institutions designed to create impactful roles for older adults to contribute to the success of the young can activate the societal benefits and further enhance health at older ages. Creating a new vision for the opportunities of an older age is the first critical step toward experiencing the benefits of our longer lives and creating a sustained third demographic dividend.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda P Fried
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tadaka E, Kono A, Ito E, Kanaya Y, Dai Y, Imamatsu Y, Itoi W. Development of a community's self-efficacy scale for preventing social isolation among community-dwelling older people (Mimamori Scale). BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1198. [PMID: 27894279 PMCID: PMC5127097 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among older people in developed countries, social isolation leading to solitary death has become a public health issue of vital importance. Such isolation could be prevented by monitoring at-risk individuals at the neighborhood level and by implementing supportive networks at the community level. However, a means of measuring community confidence in these measures has not been established. This study is aimed at developing the Community's Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES; Mimamori scale in Japanese) for community members preventing social isolation among older people. METHODS The CSES is a self-administered questionnaire developed on the basis of Bandura's self-efficacy theory. The survey was given to a general population (GEN) sample (n = 6,000) and community volunteer (CVOL) sample (n = 1,297). Construct validity was determined using confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. The Generative Concern Scale (GCS-R) and Brief Sense of Community Scale (BSCS) were also administered to assess criterion-related validity of the CSES. RESULTS In total, 3,484 and 859 valid responses were received in the GEN and CVOL groups, respectively. The confirmatory factor analysis identified eight items from two domains-community network and neighborhood watch-with goodness of fit index = 0.984, adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.970, comparative fit index = 0.988, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.047. Cronbach's alpha for the entire CSES was 0.87 and for the subscales was 0.80 and higher. The score of the entire CSES was positively correlated with the GCS-R in both the GEN (r = 0.80, p < 0.001) and CVOL (r = 0.86, p < 0.001) samples. CONCLUSIONS The CSES demonstrated adequate reliability and validity for assessing a community's self-efficacy to aid in its preventing social isolation among older people. The scale is potentially useful for promoting health policies, practices, and interventions within communities. This may help prevent social isolation among older people and contribute to overall well-being in aging societies in Japan and abroad.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Tadaka
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004 Japan
| | - Ayumi Kono
- Department of Home Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, Osaka City University, 1-5-17 Asahi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-0051 Japan
| | - Eriko Ito
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004 Japan
| | - Yukiko Kanaya
- Department of Home Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, Osaka City University, 1-5-17 Asahi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-0051 Japan
| | - Yuka Dai
- Kamakura Women’s University, 6-1-3 Ōfuna, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-0056 Japan
| | - Yuki Imamatsu
- Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-8577 Japan
| | - Waka Itoi
- Teikyo University of Science, 2-2-1 Senjusakuragi, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, 120-0045 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
The Association Between Social Capital and Depression Among Chinese Older Adults Living in Public Housing. J Nerv Ment Dis 2016; 204:764-769. [PMID: 27434190 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Social capital is a critical resource for physical and mental health among older adults, but few studies have investigated this relationship in Chinese populations, and specifically among those with low socioeconomic status. This study examined the association between depression and cognitive social capital (reciprocity and trust) and structural social capital (social participation) in a community sample of older adults living in public housing in Macau (SAR), China (N = 366). Multivariable linear regressions estimated the associations between dimensions of social capital and depression, while adjusting for potential confounders. Significant inverse associations were found between reciprocity and trust and depression. No association was found between social participation and depression. Poor self-reported health was a robust correlate of depression in all models tested. Future studies are needed to evaluate whether enhancing social capital may reduce depression among Chinese older adults living in poverty.
Collapse
|
32
|
McConnell J, Naylor PJ. Feasibility of an Intergenerational-Physical-Activity Leadership Intervention. JOURNAL OF INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15350770.2016.1195247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
33
|
Abstract
This study has two main objectives: (1) to assess age variations in perceived support from neighbors among a nationally representative sample of adults aged 25 to 74 and (2) to examine the association between anticipated support from neighbors and physical functioning within a subsample of older adults. The findings suggest that anticipated support from neighbors is stronger among older adults, primarily because of more frequent contact with neighbors and residential stability. Within the older subsample, an inverse association between perceived support from neighbors and functional limitations is evident. Further analyses show that this association is strongest among those with infrequent contact with family members. No differences in this association were found with respect to marital status. Taken together, it appears that anticipated support from neighbors facilitates the maintenance of functional ability among some older adults. Interventions aiming to promote successful aging by enhancing this source of support should be developed and evaluated.
Collapse
|
34
|
Vafaei A, Pickett W, Zunzunegui MV, Alvarado BE. Neighbourhood social and built environment factors and falls in community-dwelling canadian older adults: A validation study and exploration of structural confounding. SSM Popul Health 2016; 2:468-475. [PMID: 29349162 PMCID: PMC5757896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Older persons are vulnerable to the ill effects of their social and built environment due to age-related limitations in mobility and bio-psychological vulnerability. Falls are common in older adults and result from complex interactions between individual, social, and contextual determinants. We addressed two methodological issues of neighbourhood-health and social epidemiological studies in this analysis: (1) validity of measures of neighbourhood contexts, and (2) structural confounding resulting from social sorting mechanisms. Baseline data from International Mobility in Aging Study were used. Samples included community-dwelling Canadians older than 65 living in Kingston (Ontario) and St-Hyacinthe (Quebec). We performed factor analysis and ecometric analysis to assess the validity of measures of neighbourhood social capital, socioeconomic status, and the built environment and stratified tabular analyses to explore structural confounding. The scales all demonstrated good psychometric and ecometric properties. There was an evidence of the existence of structural confounding in this sample of Canadian older adults as some combinations of strata for the three neighbourhood measures had no population. This limits causal inference in studying relationships between neighbourhood factors and falls and should be taken into account in aetiological aging research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Vafaei
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - William Pickett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Beatriz E Alvarado
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Xu Q, Norstrand JA, Du Y. Effects of Living Alone on Social Capital and Health Among Older Adults in China. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2016; 82:30-53. [DOI: 10.1177/0091415015624419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Social capital has been connected with positive health outcomes across countries, including China. Given the rise in the number of seniors living alone, there is a need to examine the health benefits of social capital, accounting for living arrangements. Data from the 2005 Chinese General Social Survey were used to test research hypotheses. Controlling for demographics, elders living alone possessed similar level of social capital compared with elders living with others. While bonding and linking social capital were significant factors in urban areas and linking social capital was a significant factor in rural areas, the relationship between living alone and health did not differ based on the level of social capital possession. When the traditional intergenerational living arrangement has not been a valid option for many older adults in China, seeking new way of family caring, and developing appropriate social and institutional structures to assist elders living alone, becomes critical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Xu
- Tulane University School of Social Work, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Yan Du
- Tulane University Center for Aging, New Orleans, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Luo H. Strengthening Social Capital Through Residential Environment Development for Older Chinese in a Canadian Context. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2016; 59:16-34. [PMID: 26646621 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2015.1118716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Among Canada's visible-minority population 65 years of age or older, nearly four out of ten are Chinese. However, little research has been devoted to the examination of the role of the housing environment in building social capital for older Chinese despite the increase in this population and related social issues. The purpose of this paper is to examine Chinese elders' experience of social capital and how it is affected by their residential environment in a Canadian context. In this qualitative study, forty-three Chinese elders in a Canadian context were interviewed with a focus group approach. Findings indicate that the environments in which these older adults lived either hindered or assisted them in building or increasing their social capital. A culturally and linguistically homogeneous residential environment does not necessarily provide positive support to older Chinese for their acquisition of social capital. Adversities in the environment, such as maltreatment or lack of support from their immediate micro environment (family), tended to motivate older adults to improve their social capital for problem-solving. The study offers implications from research findings to social work practice and concludes with an analysis of limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Luo
- a Faculty of Social Work , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhang F, Kaufman D. The impacts of social interactions in MMORPGs on older adults’ social capital. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
38
|
Proposing a re-adapted successful aging model addressing chronic diseases in low- and middle-income countries. Qual Life Res 2015; 24:2945-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11136-015-1043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
39
|
Lucumí DI, Gomez LF, Brownson RC, Parra DC. Social capital, socioeconomic status, and health-related quality of life among older adults in Bogotá (Colombia). J Aging Health 2015; 27:730-50. [PMID: 25370712 PMCID: PMC4755298 DOI: 10.1177/0898264314556616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between levels of cognitive social capital and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). METHODS A multilevel, cross-sectional study was conducted in 2007 in Bogotá Colombia. A total of 1,907 older adults completed the Spanish version of the Short Form of Health Survey (SF-8) to assess HRQOL. Cognitive dimension of social capital was assessed. Hierarchical linear regressions were conducted to determine the associations between social capital variables and HRQOL. RESULTS Only 20% to 25% of the population reported trust in others and shared values. A total of 93% percent reported that people in their neighborhood would try to take advantage of them if given a chance. Higher social capital indicators were positively associated with the mental and physical dimensions of HRQOL. DISCUSSION Results from this study support evidence on the disintegration of the Colombian society, which may be influenced by high levels of social inequality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego I Lucumí
- Fundación para la Educación y el Desarrollo Social, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis F Gomez
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Magasi S, Wong A, Gray DB, Hammel J, Baum C, Wang CC, Heinemann AW. Theoretical foundations for the measurement of environmental factors and their impact on participation among people with disabilities. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015; 96:569-77. [PMID: 25813889 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The ascendance of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Heath (ICF) as the global standard for describing and characterizing aspects of disability has refocused attention on the role that environmental factors (EFs) have on the health and participation of people with disabilities, both as individuals and as a group. There has been a rise in the development of instruments designed to measure EFs alone and in relation to participation. Some instrument developers have used the ICF as a theoretical base for instrument development and to substantiate content validity claims. We contend that this is a misapplication of the ICF. There is a need to step back and reexamine the role that environmental theories can play in developing a conceptually driven approach to measuring the interaction between EFs and participation. For this review, we draw on the fields of social, community, and developmental psychology; disability studies; gerontology; public health; and rehabilitation. We discuss different approaches to the measurement of EFs. We suggest that given the complex nature of EFs and their influence on participation, there is a need for a fresh approach to EF measurement. The thoughtful application of theories and the use of advanced psychometric, measurement, and e-technologies and data visualization methods may enable researchers and clinicians to better quantify, document, and communicate the dynamic interrelationship between EFs and participation and health outcomes for people with disabilities at the individual, group, and population levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Magasi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
| | - Alex Wong
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - David B Gray
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Joy Hammel
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Carolyn Baum
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO; Department of Social Work, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Chia-Chiang Wang
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Allen W Heinemann
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Center for Rehabilitation Outcomes Research, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
McKee KJ, Kostela J, Dahlberg L. Five years from now: correlates of older people's expectation of future quality of life. Res Aging 2015; 37:18-40. [PMID: 25651549 DOI: 10.1177/0164027513520329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have explored older people's expected future quality of life (QoL), despite evidence that perceptions of one's future influence healthy aging. Research on this topic should embrace a range of potential influences, including perceptions of one's neighborhood and region. This study examined expected QoL in a random sample of the population of Dalarna, a Swedish region. A self-completion questionnaire assessed demographic characteristics, current neighborhood and regional evaluations, self-evaluations, expectations for the future, and current and expected QoL. In total, 786 people aged ≥65 years participated. A sequential multiple regression model explained 44% of the variance in older people's expected QoL, with self-reported health (sr (2) = .03), Expected Regional Opportunity (sr (2) = .03), and Perceived Regional Status (sr (2) = .02) having the strongest associations with expected QoL. Research on the importance of one's neighborhood to QoL in older people should encompass people's perceptions of their region, to better inform social policy for healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J McKee
- School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | | | - Lena Dahlberg
- School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dupuis-Blanchard S, Gould ON, Gibbons C, Simard M, Éthier S, Villalon L. Strategies for Aging in Place: The Experience of Language-Minority Seniors With Loss of Independence. Glob Qual Nurs Res 2015; 2:2333393614565187. [PMID: 28462299 PMCID: PMC5342846 DOI: 10.1177/2333393614565187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For healthy and independent older adults, aging in place can be seen as identical to any other adult living at home. Little is known about how frail seniors, particularly those who speak a minority language, manage the challenges of aging in place. The present qualitative descriptive study explores the strategies that Canadian French-speaking seniors have put in place to counter their loss of independence and promote their ability to stay in their home. Semistructured individual interviews were conducted with 39 older adults and transcribed, followed by content analysis to identify common themes related to study objectives. Six themes emerged in response to strategies described for aging in place. Findings reveal the limited extent to which language issues were perceived as a barrier by participants. In conclusion, the results of this study provide us with fruitful insights to guide community nursing practice, future research, and public policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Odette N Gould
- Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Lita Villalon
- Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dupuis-Blanchard S, Villalon L, Alimezelli HT. [Healthy ageing in a linguistic minority situation in Canada: issues, challenges and collective mobilization]. Glob Health Promot 2014; 21:70-5. [PMID: 24737819 DOI: 10.1177/1757975913512161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In Canada, the health of both French and English speakers living in linguistic minority situations is a subject of interest to several researchers and community organizations. This article draws upon a symposium on the theme of healthy ageing in a linguistic minority situation, presented at the 4th International Colloquium for Local and Regional Health Programmes. Three aspects are presented: the identification of factors associated with perceived health, home care and malnutrition screening. The results describe: (a) The determinants of perceived health, such as health care services, the vitality of the minority community and education; (b) The lack of changes to home care services, despite the ageing of the population; and (c) The high prevalence of malnutrition among the elderly in New Brunswick, Canada. Finally, we make suggestions regarding the design and implementation of a national policy on ageing in Canada, in order to ensure high-quality services along the entire health continuum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Dupuis-Blanchard
- 1.École de science infirmière et Centre d'études du vieillissement, Université de Moncton, 18, ave Antonine-Maillet, Moncton, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rosso AL, Tabb LP, Grubesic TH, Taylor JA, Michael YL. Neighborhood social capital and achieved mobility of older adults. J Aging Health 2014; 26:1301-19. [PMID: 25502243 PMCID: PMC9773217 DOI: 10.1177/0898264314523447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate associations of neighborhood social capital and mobility of older adults. METHOD A community-based survey (Philadelphia, 2010) assessed mobility (Life-Space Assessment [LSA]; range = 0-104) of older adults (n = 675, census tracts = 256). Social capital was assessed for all adults interviewed from 2002-2010 (n = 13,822, census tracts = 374). Generalized estimating equations adjusted for individual- and neighborhood-level characteristics estimated mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in mobility by social capital tertiles. Interactions by self-rated health, living arrangement, and race were tested. RESULTS Social capital was not associated with mobility after adjustment for other neighborhood characteristics (mean difference for highest versus lowest tertile social capital = 0.79, 95% CI = [-3.3, 4.8]). We observed no significant interactions. In models stratified by race, Black participants had higher mobility in high social capital neighborhoods (mean difference = 7.4, CI = [1.0, 13.7]). DISCUSSION Social capital may not contribute as much as other neighborhood characteristics to mobility. Interactions between neighborhood and individual-level characteristics should be considered in research on mobility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L. Rosso
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Loni P. Tabb
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tony H. Grubesic
- Geographic Information Systems and Spatial Analysis Laboratory, College of Information Science and Technology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Taylor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yvonne L. Michael
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Son KY, Park SM, Lee J, Kim CY. Difference in adherence to and influencing factors of a healthy lifestyle between middle-aged and elderly people in Korea: A multilevel analysis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 15:778-88. [PMID: 25256663 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Comprehensive research for factors related to healthy lifestyles of the elderly is limited. The present study aimed to elucidate the factors associated with adherence to a healthy lifestyle by age groups. METHOD The present study was based on data from the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We calculated crude proportions and adjusted proportions of cigarette smokers, problem alcohol drinkers, and physically inactive people in two age groups (40-59 years and ≥60 years). We carried out multilevel analysis to elucidate factors associated with healthy lifestyles. RESULTS Of 3194 respondents included in the analysis, 1154 (36.13%) were aged 60 years or older. Older participants smoked less (23.0% vs 17.4%) and exercised less frequently (52.4% vs 66.9%; all P < 0.001) than their middle-aged counterparts. After adjustment, the proportion of regular exercisers was inversed (adjusted proportion 0.468, 95% CI 0.436-0.501 vs 0.377, 95% CI 0.337-0.419, P = 0.004). In multilevel analysis, contextual factors, such as local tax per capita, was associated significantly with cigarette smoking only in the elderly (OR 1.037, 95% CI 1.005-1.070). CONCLUSIONS Different factors were associated with healthy lifestyles of elderly people when compared with middle-aged people. In addition, local tax per capita, an area level variable, was more likely to be associated with smoking in the elderly than the middle-aged group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Young Son
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,School of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juhyun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Yup Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shaunfield S, Wittenberg-Lyles E, Oliver DP, Demiris G. Virtual Field Trips for Long-Term Care Residents: A Feasibility Study. ACTIVITIES ADAPTATION & AGING 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01924788.2014.935911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
47
|
Jang E, Canada KE. New directions for the study of incarcerated older adults: using social capital theory. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2014; 57:858-871. [PMID: 24893276 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2014.900841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
As the population of older adults continues to rise, so, too, does the population of older adults in prison. The body of literature on older adults in corrections is scant, particularly with regard to health and social functioning. Past studies of aging inmates primarily focus on health care and related costs. The purpose of this article is twofold: (a) outline and synthesize the research on older adults living in prison; and (b) propose a framework for future research and intervention development based on social capital theory. Recommendations for social work practice, programs, and research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Jang
- a School of Social Work , University of Missouri , Columbia , Missouri , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Andrew MK, Keefe JM. Social vulnerability from a social ecology perspective: a cohort study of older adults from the National Population Health Survey of Canada. BMC Geriatr 2014; 14:90. [PMID: 25129548 PMCID: PMC4144321 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-14-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous social factors, generally studied in isolation, have been associated with older adults’ health. Even so, older people’s social circumstances are complex and an approach which embraces this complexity is desirable. Here we investigate many social factors in relation to one another and to survival among older adults using a social ecology perspective to measure social vulnerability among older adults. Methods 2740 adults aged 65 and older were followed for ten years in the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS). Twenty-three individual-level social variables were drawn from the 1994 NPHS and five Enumeration Area (EA)-level variables were abstracted from the 1996 Canadian Census using postal code linkage. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify dimensions of social vulnerability. All social variables were summed to create a social vulnerability index which was studied in relation to ten-year mortality. Results The PCA was limited by low variance (47%) explained by emergent factors. Seven dimensions of social vulnerability emerged in the most robust, yet limited, model: social support, engagement, living situation, self-esteem, sense of control, relations with others and contextual socio-economic status. These dimensions showed complex inter-relationships and were situated within a social ecology framework, considering spheres of influence from the individual through to group, neighbourhood and broader societal levels. Adjusting for age, sex, and frailty, increasing social vulnerability measured using the cumulative social vulnerability index was associated with increased risk of mortality over ten years in a Cox regression model (HR 1.04, 95% CI:1.01-1.07, p = 0.01). Conclusions Social vulnerability has important independent influence on older adults’ health though relationships between contributing variables are complex and do not lend themselves well to fragmentation into a small number of discrete factors. A social ecology perspective provides a candidate framework for further study of social vulnerability among older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Andrew
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Winstead V, Yost EA, Cotten SR, Berkowsky RW, Anderson WA. The impact of activity interventions on the well-being of older adults in continuing care communities. J Appl Gerontol 2014; 33:888-911. [PMID: 24942970 DOI: 10.1177/0733464814537701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the U.S. population ages, interventions are needed to ensure quality of life continues as boomers enter assisted and independent living communities (AICs). These transitions can significantly affect quality of life. Activity and continuity theories maintain that participation in discretionary/informal activities is crucial for psychosocial health and well-being (aspects of quality of life). This study evaluates the impacts of participation in discretionary activities on life satisfaction, social isolation, and loneliness, using data from a longitudinal study of older adults in AICs. Older adults who participated in 8 weeks of discretionary activities reported greater life satisfaction and lower levels of social isolation compared with non-participants. Forming alliances and group identities is the key for building new relationships and maintaining relationships in the community. Determining the impact participation in activities has on residents is vital to being able to help develop a more comprehensive understanding of how quality of life can be maintained in AICs.
Collapse
|
50
|
York Cornwell E, Cagney KA. Assessment of neighborhood context in a nationally representative study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2014; 69 Suppl 2:S51-63. [PMID: 24875376 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbu052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper introduces new measures of neighborhood context that are included in the second wave of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP). We describe the use of field interviewer ratings of respondents' neighborhood conditions, as well as the adaptation of existing measures for the assessment of neighborhood social context among urban and nonurban older adults. METHOD We construct scales of neighborhood problems, neighborhood social cohesion, neighborhood social ties, and perceived neighborhood danger, and assess their reliability and validity. We then calculate descriptive statistics for measures of neighborhood context across respondent age, gender, and racial/ethnic background, and across low-, moderate-, and high-density residential blocks. RESULTS We find that older women report greater neighborhood cohesion and more neighborhood ties than older men, but women also perceive more neighborhood danger. Black and Hispanic older adults reside in neighborhoods with more problems, lower cohesion, fewer social ties, and greater perceived danger. Neighborhood characteristics also vary across residential densities. Neighborhood problems and perceived danger increase with block-level density, but neighborhood social cohesion and social ties were lowest among residents of moderate-density blocks. DISCUSSION The inclusion of neighborhood context measures in the second wave of NSHAP provides a unique opportunity to explore associations among neighborhood context, social connectedness, and indicators of health and function among older adults. We discuss limitations of the measures and provide recommendations for their use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen A Cagney
- Departments of Sociology and Health Studies, University of Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|