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Yazıcı Çelebi G, Kaya F. The Association Between Personal, Affective, and Cognitive Factors and Suicide Risk Among Muslims in Turkey. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:3780-3800. [PMID: 37946028 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the association of various personal, affective, and cognitive factors with suicide risk. The study group consisted of a total of 423 individuals, including 341 (74%) females and 82 (26%) males, who lived in Turkey and declared that they were Muslims. The data of the study, in which a cross-sectional design was employed, were collected between October and December 2022. The mean age of the participants was 26.84 years (SD = 9.88, min-max = 18-64). The data collection measures included the Psychological Distress Scale, the Perception of God Scale, the Two-Dimensional Self-Esteem Scale, the Suicide Probability Scale, and a personal information form. Pearson correlation analysis and Hierarchical Multiple Linear Regression analysis were employed in the analysis of the data obtained from the research. In the study, it was found that gender, age, suicide attempt, communication with the mother, communication with the father, psychological distress, self-esteem, and perception of God explained 58% of the variance in suicide risk. Psychological distress had the strongest positive association with suicide risk (β = 0.136, p < 0.001), while self-esteem had the strongest negative relation (β = - 0.454, p < 0.001). In conclusion, it was determined that the female gender, suicide attempt, and psychological distress increased the risk of suicide, but that age, positive communication with parents, self-esteem, and positive perception of God decreased it. The findings of the research were discussed in light of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülin Yazıcı Çelebi
- Faculty of Letters, Department of Psychology, Gumushane University, 29000, Gumushane, Turkey
| | - Feridun Kaya
- Faculty of Letters, Department of Psychology, Atatürk University, 25000, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Tan Dat N, Mitsui N, Asakura S, Fujii Y, Toyoshima K, Kusumi I. Relationship between self-esteem and suicidal ideation before and during COVID-19 in a non-clinical sample: mediating effects of psychological distress and hopelessness. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1240715. [PMID: 37743986 PMCID: PMC10512949 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1240715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several studies have highlighted the impact of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on suicide. Accordingly, investigating the risk factors of suicide during this crisis is important. Based on the escape theory of suicide, the current study examined the serial mediating roles of psychological distress and hopelessness in the relationship between self-esteem and suicidal ideation. It also aimed to explore whether or not the COVID-19 pandemic changed the mediation effect in any way. Methods Data were collected from 645 university students before and during the pandemic. The study employed mediation and multi-group analyses to test the hypotheses. Results The results demonstrated that individuals with low self-esteem reported high psychological distress, which further lead to hopelessness and eventually heightened suicidal ideation. Multi-group analysis revealed that psychological distress exerted a greater impact on suicidal ideation during COVID-19. Discussion The finding suggested that self-esteem, hopelessness, and psychological distress could help elucidate the development of suicidal ideation. Clinicians may target these factors in suicide prevention programs, particularly in the settings of the COVID-19 pandemic or future crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Tan Dat
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mitsui
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Asakura
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Health Care Center of Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Fujii
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Health Care Center of Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Toyoshima
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kusumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Chandrasekhar JL, Bowen AE, Heberlein E, Pyle E, Studts CR, Simon SL, Shomaker L, Kaar JL. Universal, School-Based Mental Health Program Implemented Among Racially and Ethnically Diverse Youth Yields Equitable Outcomes: Building Resilience for Healthy Kids. Community Ment Health J 2023; 59:1109-1117. [PMID: 36757609 PMCID: PMC10289906 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-023-01090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Although suicide is a leading cause of mortality among racial and ethnic minority youth, limited data exists regarding the impact of school-based mental health interventions on these populations, specifically. A single-arm pragmatic trial design was utilized to evaluate the equity of outcomes of the universal, school-based mental health coaching intervention, Building Resilience for Healthy Kids. All sixth-grade students at an urban middle school were invited to participate. Students attended six weekly sessions with a health coach discussing goal setting and other resilience strategies. 285 students (86%) participated with 252 (88%) completing both pre- and post-intervention surveys. Students were a mean age of 11.4 years with 55% identifying as girls, 69% as White, 13% as a racial minority, and 18% as Hispanic. Racial minority students exhibited greater improvements in personal and total resilience compared to White students, controlling for baseline scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Chandrasekhar
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Erin Heberlein
- Children's Hospital Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Emily Pyle
- Children's Hospital Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA
| | - Christina R Studts
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stacey L Simon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lauren Shomaker
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jill L Kaar
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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de la Barrera U, Montoya-Castilla I, Pérez-Albéniz A, Lucas-Molina B, Fonseca-Pedrero E. Mental Health Difficulties Related to Suicidal Behavior in Adolescents: The Moderating Role of Self-Esteem. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 26:716-730. [PMID: 33027593 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1823918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to analyze the moderating effect of self-esteem on the relationship between mental health difficulties and suicidal behavior in adolescence. METHOD The sample was composed of 1,790 Spanish adolescents (M = 15.70 years; SD = 1.26; 53.7% girls) through a stratified random sampling by cluster at classroom level. The participants completed questionnaires about emotional symptoms, behavioral problems, peer relationship difficulties, hyperactivity, suicidal behavior, and self-esteem. RESULTS The results evidenced gender differences, showing that girls tend to have more emotional symptoms (t = -15.27; p ≤ .001; d = -0.71), more difficulties in peer relationship (t=-2.49; p = .013; d = -0.12) and less self-esteem (t = 12.15; p ≤ .001; d = 0.57), as well as more suicidal behaviors (t = -5.36; p ≤ .001; d = -0.25) than boys. It is also noted that emotional and behavioral difficulties influence suicidal behavior (R2 = 0.35; ΔF = 197.42; p ≤ .001). In addition, self-esteem appeared to act as a protective factor, buffering the relationship between emotional and behavioral problems and suicidal behavior (R2 = 0.39; F = 376.92; p ≤ .001). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents who present mental health difficulties might commit suicidal behavior if they have an unfavorable attitude toward themselves. However, the risk of committing suicidal behavior decreases if their attitude toward themselves is favorable. Thus, the development of self-esteem may be included in intervention programs for the prevention of suicidal behavior.HIGHLIGHTSGirls present more suicidal behaviors and less self-esteem than boys.Mental health difficulties influence the appearance of suicidal behavior.Self-esteem moderates the relationship between emotional problems and suicidal behavior.
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Poudel A, Lamichhane A, Magar KR, Khanal GP. Non suicidal self injury and suicidal behavior among adolescents: co-occurrence and associated risk factors. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:96. [PMID: 35139825 PMCID: PMC8827284 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behavior (SB) are the major public health problems in adolescents. Despite the increased focus on these phenomena, there exist no reliable data in Nepal. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of NSSI and SB among adolescents. Furthermore the study identified the relationship between these two behaviors and assessed demographic, behavioral, and psychological risk factors of NSSI and SB in Nepalese adolescents in a representative sample of the general population. METHODS The study was conducted among 730 adolescents studying in grade 9 to 12 of public and private schools of Pokhara Metropolitan city, Nepal. Data were collected through self administered standard tools- Functional Assessment of Self Mutilation (FASM) tool, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Descriptive statistical measures such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, range were used to assess demographic characteristics and adolescent's behavior regarding NSSI and suicide. For inferential analysis chi-square and one way ANOVA test was used. Furthermore, to determine the predictors of NSSI and SB, multiple logistic regression analysis was used. RESULTS Regarding behavioral characteristics, nearly half of the sample 327 (44.8%) reported a history of NSSI in past 1 year. Furthermore, 25.8% (n = 188) of the overall sample engaged in minor NSSI only and 3.42% (n = 25) engaged in at least one act of moderate/severe NSSI. The mean number of type of NSSI performed was 2.63 ± 1.71. The most common type of NSSI method used were picking at wound (27.3%), biting self (20.3%), pulling hair out (11.8%), cutting self (11.1%). Boys (52.6%) were more likely to be engaged in NSSI than girls (47.4%) (χ2 = 10.298, p = 0.002). Furthermore, among 730 adolescents who completed the SBQ-R questionnaire, 131 (17.9%) had suicidal behaviors (SB) (as defined by SBQ-R a total score ≥ 7). Regarding sex differences female were significantly higher in life time prevalence of suicidal behavior than male (χ2 = 30.26, p = 0.001). Simple Chi-square tests indicated that NSSI was significantly associated with SB (χ2 = 58.16, P < .001). Logistic regressions identified the four significant predictors of NSSI behavior: male, low-level of self-esteem (SE), moderate to severe form of depression and SB. Similarly, significant predictors of SB were: female, low-level of SE, moderate to severe form of depression and NSSI behavior. CONCLUSION The prevalence of both NSSI and SB is high in adolescents. Despite the differences between NSSI and SB a significant number of adolescents reported a history of both behaviors. Lower level of SE and moderate to severe depression were the significant predictors of both NSSI and SB. Furthermore, male and adolescents with the history of SB were at risk of NSSI behavior whereas female sex and adolescents with the history of NSSI were at risk of SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Poudel
- Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine, Pokhara Nursing Campus, Pokhara, Nepal.
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Risk and Protective Factors in Adolescent Suicidal Behaviour: A Network Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031784. [PMID: 35162805 PMCID: PMC8834911 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Given that death by suicide continues to rank among the top three causes of death during adolescence, new psychological models may contribute critical insight towards understanding the complex interactions between risk and protective factors in suicidal behaviour. The main objective of this study was to analyse the psychological network structure of suicidal behaviour and putative risk and protective factors in school-aged adolescents. Methods: Stratified random cluster sampling was performed. The final sample comprised 1790 students (53.7% female, M = 15.7 years, SD = 1.26). Instruments were administered to assess suicidal behaviour, emotional and behavioural difficulties, prosocial behaviour, subjective well-being, self-esteem, depressive symptomatology, academic performance, socio-economic status, school engagement, bullying, and cyberbullying. Results: In the estimated psychological network, the node with the highest strength was depressive symptomatology, and that with the highest expected influence value was bullying. Suicidal behaviour was positively connected to symptoms of depression and behavioural problems. In addition, suicidal behaviour was negatively connected to self-esteem and personal well-being. The results of the stability analysis indicated that the network was accurately estimated. Conclusions: Suicidal behaviour can be conceptualised as a dynamic, complex system of cognitive, emotional, and affective characteristics. New psychological models allow us to analyse and understand human behaviour from a new perspective, suggesting new forms of conceptualisation, evaluation, intervention, and prevention.
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Dat NT, Mitsui N, Asakura S, Takanobu K, Fujii Y, Toyoshima K, Kako Y, Kusumi I. The Effectiveness of Self-Esteem-Related Interventions in Reducing Suicidal Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:925423. [PMID: 35782451 PMCID: PMC9240430 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.925423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Suicide is a serious social issue and is often treated using psychological interventions. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effectiveness of self-esteem-related interventions on suicidal behaviors. A systematic literature search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including a self-esteem component was conducted on 29 May 2021 and updated on 4 April 2022. In total, 12 studies were included in the systematic review and five studies were included in the meta-analysis. Small effect sizes were found for suicidal ideation at post intervention [g = -0.24, 95% CI (-0.48, 0.00)] and a 3-month follow-up [g = -0.36, 95% CI (-0.62, -0.11)]. However, these results should be interpreted cautiously due to the limited number of included studies and varied sample population. In conclusion, the current review suggests that future intervention studies should incorporate self-esteem enhancement in the treatment of suicidal behaviors, especially for suicidal ideation. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=250882.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Tan Dat
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mitsui
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Asakura
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,The Department of Psychiatry, Health Care Center of Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takanobu
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Fujii
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,The Department of Psychiatry, Health Care Center of Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Toyoshima
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kako
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kusumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Hermosillo-de-la-Torre AE, Arteaga-de-Luna SM, Acevedo-Rojas DL, Juárez-Loya A, Jiménez-Tapia JA, Pedroza-Cabrera FJ, González-Forteza C, Cano M, Wagner FA. Psychosocial Correlates of Suicidal Behavior among Adolescents under Confinement Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Aguascalientes, Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Population Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094977. [PMID: 34067094 PMCID: PMC8124170 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Suicide and suicidal behaviors were already a global public health problem, producing preventable injuries and deaths. This issue may worsen due to the COVID-19 pandemic and may differentially affect vulnerable groups in the population, including children, adolescents, and young adults. The current study evaluated the association of affective variables (depression, hopelessness, and anxiety), drug use (alcohol, tobacco, and others), emotional intelligence, and attachment with suicidal behaviors. Methods: A state-wide survey included 8033 students (51% female, 49% male; mean age of 16 years) from science and technology high-schools using a standardized questionnaire that was distributed online. Multinomial logistic regression models tested associations between suicidal behaviors and several covariates. The analyses accommodated the complex structure of the sample. Results: Approximately 21% of all students reported a suicidal behavior (11% with a low-lethality suicide attempt, 6% with self-injuries, and 4% with a high-lethality suicide attempt). Variables associated with higher odds of suicidal behavior included: female sex, depression, hopelessness, anxiety, alcohol and tobacco use, childhood trauma, and having to self-rely as issues affecting attachment, and low self-esteem. Security of attachment was associated with lower odds of suicidal behavior. Conclusions: The complexity of suicidal behavior makes it clear that comprehensive programs need to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Edith Hermosillo-de-la-Torre
- Psychology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes [Autonomous University of Aguascalientes], Aguascalientes 20131, Mexico; (A.E.H.-d.-l.-T.); (S.M.A.-d.-L.); (D.L.A.-R.); (F.J.P.-C.)
| | - Stephania Montserrat Arteaga-de-Luna
- Psychology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes [Autonomous University of Aguascalientes], Aguascalientes 20131, Mexico; (A.E.H.-d.-l.-T.); (S.M.A.-d.-L.); (D.L.A.-R.); (F.J.P.-C.)
| | - Denise Liliana Acevedo-Rojas
- Psychology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes [Autonomous University of Aguascalientes], Aguascalientes 20131, Mexico; (A.E.H.-d.-l.-T.); (S.M.A.-d.-L.); (D.L.A.-R.); (F.J.P.-C.)
| | - Angélica Juárez-Loya
- Clinical and Health Psychology Department, Psychology Faculty, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - José Alberto Jiménez-Tapia
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría [National Institute of Psychiatry], Tlalpan 14370, Mexico; (J.A.J.-T.); (C.G.-F.)
| | - Francisco Javier Pedroza-Cabrera
- Psychology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes [Autonomous University of Aguascalientes], Aguascalientes 20131, Mexico; (A.E.H.-d.-l.-T.); (S.M.A.-d.-L.); (D.L.A.-R.); (F.J.P.-C.)
| | - Catalina González-Forteza
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría [National Institute of Psychiatry], Tlalpan 14370, Mexico; (J.A.J.-T.); (C.G.-F.)
| | - Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA;
| | - Fernando A. Wagner
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +410-706-5696
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Barragán Martín AB, Pérez-Fuentes MDC, Molero Jurado MDM, Martos Martínez Á, Simón Márquez MDM, Sisto M, Gázquez Linares JJ. Emotional Intelligence and Academic Engagement in Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:307-316. [PMID: 33758558 PMCID: PMC7979349 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s302697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Academic engagement is a variable of vital importance in adolescence due to its relationship with academic adjustment and its protective role against risk behaviors. Therefore, the objective of this study was to find out the variables involved in its development. Objective The specific objectives were to analyze the relationship between emotional intelligence, self-esteem and academic engagement, and determine the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between emotional intelligence and engagement in adolescence. Methods The sample of 1287 high school students used for this filled in the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale Student, Brief Emotional Intelligence Inventory and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale. Results The results showed the existence of positive relationships between vigor, dedication and absorption with the emotional intelligence factors and self-esteem. Furthermore, the mediation models showed the direct effect of emotional intelligence on engagement of youths. Self-esteem acted as a mediator in the relationship between intrapersonal factors, stress management and adaptability of emotional intelligence and engagement. Conclusion Design of emotional intelligence intervention programs are recommended as a measure for promoting self-esteem and engagement in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - África Martos Martínez
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, Almería, 04120, Spain
| | | | - Maria Sisto
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, Almería, 04120, Spain
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Lew B, Osman A, Chan CMH, Chen WS, Ibrahim N, Jia CX, Siau CS. Psychological characteristics of suicide attempters among undergraduate college students in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:322. [PMID: 33563254 PMCID: PMC7871626 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to understand the psychological characteristics of suicide attempters to prevent future suicide attempts. This study aims to examine potential differences between individuals who have attempted suicide and those who have not done so, on several risk and protective measures. METHOD Participants were 11,806 undergraduate students from seven provinces in China, of which 237 reported a non-fatal suicide attempt. We used the random numbers generator function within the SPSS to randomly select a control subset of 1185 participants to be used as the comparison group based on a 1:5 case-control ratio. Scores on three commonly used risk measures (depression, hopelessness, and psychache) and three protective measures (social support, self-esteem, and purpose in life) for suicidality were adopted to compare the responses of the two groups. RESULTS Suicide attempters had indicated higher Median scores for all three risk factor measurements. Suicide attempters also reported significantly lower Median scores for all three protective factor measurements compared to non-suicide attempters. The results suggest that the suicide attempters' group had higher risks of suicidality compared to the non-attempter group. CONCLUSIONS Suicide attempters continued to report higher scores of risk factors and lower scores of protective factors, indicating that they may continue to be at a higher likelihood of a suicide attempt. Key protective factors should be identified for each individual in order to deliver appropriate clinical interventions to reduce their risk of reattempting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Lew
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Human Ecology, Putra University of Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Augustine Osman
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas USA
| | - Caryn Mei Hsien Chan
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Won Sun Chen
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Norhayati Ibrahim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cun-Xian Jia
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Jinan, China
| | - Ching Sin Siau
- Centre for Community Health Studies (ReaCH),Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Madsen J, Harris KM. Negative self-appraisal: Personal reasons for dying as indicators of suicidality. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246341. [PMID: 33529221 PMCID: PMC7853472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reasons for dying (RFD) are one of the most authentic factors illustrating the lived experience of suicidal individuals. However, the field has been criticized for inadequate evaluation of risk factors and suicidal symptoms, such as RFD, to develop more robust theoretical models and risk assessments. In this study, we aimed to critically examine RFD themes as predictors of suicidal symptoms to improve our understanding of the suicidal mind, test suicide theory validity and improve risk assessment. This cross-sectional mixed-method study included anonymous survey data (N = 713) with a subsample (n = 474; 77% female; age M = 31.48, SD = 13.53) who provided RFD. Participants were asked to write down five RFD (ranked 1st to 5th most important) and completed the Suicidal Affect-Behavior-Cognition Scale (SABCS). Thematic analysis revealed eight valid RFD themes-Negative Self-appraisal, Hopelessness, Desire to Escape, Escape Pain, Relationships, Loneliness, Financial Hardship, and Physical Health. Themes were quantified by rank and total endorsements of the theme. Hierarchical regression modelling, statistically controlling for demographics, showed all RFD themes, except Physical Health, were positive predictors of suicidality, accounting for 26% of variance in suicidal symptoms. Negative Self-appraisal was the strongest predictor. RFD differences were also found by gender, age and education. From these findings, we determined current suicide theories do not fully account for suicidal persons' RFD. There is a pressing need for more critical review of current theories, as current theories only partially represent this key attribute of the suicidal mind, and none of the reviewed theories accurately reflected suicidal participants' RFD. Clinical implications include integrating financial therapies into suicide prevention treatments and incorporating RFD into assessments and treatments. To aid research and risk assessment efforts, we propose a new RFD Index, with eight five-point response items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Madsen
- School of Psychology, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Keith M Harris
- School of Psychology, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Zanus C, Battistutta S, Aliverti R, Monasta L, Montico M, Ronfani L, Carrozzi M. High-school students and self-injurious thoughts and behaviours: clues of emotion dysregulation. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:14. [PMID: 33482895 PMCID: PMC7821399 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-00958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide attempts and self-harm in adolescence are a major public health concern: they are among the main causes of disability-adjusted life-years worldwide, with severe long-term health consequences in terms of mental illness and psychiatric hospitalisation and a significantly increased risk of suicide. Several studies recently focused on the hypothesis that adolescents may be particularly vulnerable to emotional dysregulation and on the relation between problems with emotion regulation and suicidal and self-harming behaviours. Italian epidemiological data about prevalence of these behaviours at the community level are lacking. Our study aimed to estimate the prevalence of self-injurious thoughts and behaviours (SITBs) in a representative sample of community adolescents, and to examine the association between SITBs and the emotional and behavioural profiles. Methods Anonymous self-report questionnaires were completed by 1507 students aged 11–18 years from 24 high schools in the North-eastern Italian region of Friuli Venezia Giulia. Information was collected on SITBs, on the socio-environmental context, and on the psychological profile (‘Achenbach’s YSR questionnaire 11–18, Multidimensional Test of Self-harm and Multi-Attitude Suicide Tendency Scale). Results Overall, 11.1% of adolescents reported self-harming behaviours without suicide ideation or attempts, 6.4% declared having thought to suicide without acting a suicide attempt or self-harm, 1.4% declared having attempted suicide and really thought to take away their life. Access to health services following a suicide thought, a self-harming behaviour or suicide attempt was infrequent, particularly for suicide ideation. At the YSR, all the SITBs groups reported high scores in almost all scales, with the most evident differences in the self-harming groups in which adolescents reported significantly higher scores in all scales, both internalising and externalising. An emotion dysregulation profile was found in almost all the groups. Conclusions This study provides us with an estimate of the prevalence of SITBs in the adolescent population and confirms the importance of further investigating the association between SITBs and emotion dysregulation. The naturalistic setting of community studies appears to be useful for studies in this field, and it allows to approach the onerous and often neglected issue of adolescent suicidality. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13052-021-00958-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Zanus
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Battistutta
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Service, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy
| | - Renata Aliverti
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy.
| | - Marcella Montico
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Ronfani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Carrozzi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
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Carrasco-Barrios MT, Huertas P, Martín P, Martín C, Castillejos MC, Petkari E, Moreno-Küstner B. Determinants of Suicidality in the European General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4115. [PMID: 32526975 PMCID: PMC7312422 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Close to one million people commit suicide each year, with suicidal attempts being the main risk factor for suicide. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to achieve a greater understanding of suicidality in the general population of Europe by studying associated factors and their statistical significance with suicidality, as well as the effect of the temporal moment in which suicidality is observed in a relationship. A search strategy was carried out in electronic databases: Proquest's Psychology Database, Scopus, PsycINFO, Medline and Embase. Odds ratios (ORs), publication bias, influential studies on heterogeneity and analysis moderators were calculated. Twenty-six studies were included after meeting the inclusion criteria. Factors statistically associated with suicidality are female gender, age over 65 years, unemployment, low social support, adulthood adversity, childhood adversity, family history of mental disorder, any affective disorder, major depression, anxiety/stress/somatoform disorders, tobacco and substance use, any mental disorder and body mass index. As a limitation, a high heterogeneity between studies was found. Factors associated with suicidality in the general population are relevant for understanding the suicidal phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Carrasco-Barrios
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (M.T.C.-B.); (P.M.); (M.C.C.); (B.M.-K.)
| | - Paloma Huertas
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (M.T.C.-B.); (P.M.); (M.C.C.); (B.M.-K.)
| | - Paloma Martín
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (M.T.C.-B.); (P.M.); (M.C.C.); (B.M.-K.)
| | - Carlos Martín
- Primary Care Center of Marquesado, Área Nordeste de Granada, 18512 Granada, Spain;
| | - Mª Carmen Castillejos
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (M.T.C.-B.); (P.M.); (M.C.C.); (B.M.-K.)
| | - Eleni Petkari
- Social and Behavioural Sciences, European University Cyprus 6th Diogenous st., Nicosia 2063, Cyprus;
| | - Berta Moreno-Küstner
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (M.T.C.-B.); (P.M.); (M.C.C.); (B.M.-K.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Predicting Adolescent Adjustment and Well-Being: The Interplay between Socio-Emotional and Personal Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234650. [PMID: 31766641 PMCID: PMC6926821 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Social and emotional factors such as emotional competence and self-esteem are protective factors that promote adolescent mental health and well-being. In this paper, we will examine the combined contribution of these socio-emotional factors in addition to personal factors, in the prediction of psychological adjustment and subjective well-being in adolescence. The study included 840 adolescents aged between 12 and 16 years old (M = 13.37, SD = 1.16, 51.4% girls). We measured personal variables (sex, age, number of siblings), socio-emotional variables (emotional competence and self-esteem), psychological adjustment (emotional and behavioural problems) and subjective well-being (life satisfaction and affect balance). Besides descriptive analysis and Pearson bivariate correlations, two different methodologies were performed, including hierarchical regression models and a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The results show that emotional competence is a protective factor for optimal adjustment and well-being, and suggest that self-esteem reinforces this relation. Different patterns were observed for female and male adolescents of different ages and with different family backgrounds. The practical implications of our findings for intervention programs have been discussed.
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Piqueras JA, Soto-Sanz V, Rodríguez-Marín J, García-Oliva C. What is the Role of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Adolescent Suicide Behaviors? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142511. [PMID: 31337102 PMCID: PMC6679016 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is the second leading cause of death in adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 29 years. Specifically, the presence of internalizing and externalizing symptomatology is related to increased risk for suicide at these ages. Few studies have analyzed the relations between these symptoms and their role as mediators in predicting suicide behavior. This study aimed to examine the relation between internalizing and externalizing symptomatology and suicide behaviors through a longitudinal study. The sample consisted of 238 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. The data were analyzed via the PROCESS Statistical Package. The main results showed that previous depression symptoms had a significant indirect effect, through previous suicide behaviors and current depression symptoms, on current suicide behaviors, accounting for 61% of the total variance explained. Additionally, being a girl increased this risk. Therefore, the implementation of early identification and intervention programs to address youth symptoms of depression and suicidal behaviors could significantly reduce the risk for future suicidal behaviors in adolescence.
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