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Baudouin L, Adès N, Kanté K, Bachelin C, Hmidan H, Deboux C, Panic R, Ben Messaoud R, Velut Y, Hamada S, Pionneau C, Duarte K, Poëa-Guyon S, Barnier JV, Nait Oumesmar B, Bouslama-Oueghlani L. Antagonistic actions of PAK1 and NF2/Merlin drive myelin membrane expansion in oligodendrocytes. Glia 2024. [PMID: 38794866 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, the formation of myelin by oligodendrocytes (OLs) relies on the switch from the polymerization of the actin cytoskeleton to its depolymerization. The molecular mechanisms that trigger this switch have yet to be elucidated. Here, we identified P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) as a major regulator of actin depolymerization in OLs. Our results demonstrate that PAK1 accumulates in OLs in a kinase-inhibited form, triggering actin disassembly and, consequently, myelin membrane expansion. Remarkably, proteomic analysis of PAK1 binding partners enabled the identification of NF2/Merlin as its endogenous inhibitor. Our findings indicate that Nf2 knockdown in OLs results in PAK1 activation, actin polymerization, and a reduction in OL myelin membrane expansion. This effect is rescued by treatment with a PAK1 inhibitor. We also provide evidence that the specific Pak1 loss-of-function in oligodendroglia stimulates the thickening of myelin sheaths in vivo. Overall, our data indicate that the antagonistic actions of PAK1 and NF2/Merlin on the actin cytoskeleton of the OLs are critical for proper myelin formation. These findings have broad mechanistic and therapeutic implications in demyelinating diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Noémie Adès
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Kadia Kanté
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Bachelin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Hatem Hmidan
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Al-Quds University, Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Cyrille Deboux
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Radmila Panic
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Rémy Ben Messaoud
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Yoan Velut
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Soumia Hamada
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMS Production et Analyse des Données en Sciences de la vie et en Santé, PASS, Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Pionneau
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMS Production et Analyse des Données en Sciences de la vie et en Santé, PASS, Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Kévin Duarte
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Sandrine Poëa-Guyon
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Jean-Vianney Barnier
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Brahim Nait Oumesmar
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Lamia Bouslama-Oueghlani
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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2
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Théberge S, Belliveau C, Xie D, Khalaf R, Perlman K, Rahimian R, Davoli MA, Turecki G, Mechawar N. Parvalbumin interneurons in human ventromedial prefrontal cortex: a comprehensive post-mortem study of myelination and perineuronal nets in neurotypical individuals and depressed suicides with and without a history of child abuse. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae197. [PMID: 38760318 PMCID: PMC11101286 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cortical parvalbumin interneurons (PV+) are major regulators of excitatory/inhibitory information processing, and their maturation is associated with the opening of developmental critical periods (CP). Recent studies reveal that cortical PV+ axons are myelinated, and that myelination along with perineuronal net (PNN) maturation around PV+ cells is associated with the closures of CP. Although PV+ interneurons are susceptible to early-life stress, their relationship between their myelination and PNN coverage remains unexplored. This study compared the fine features of PV+ interneurons in well-characterized human post-mortem ventromedial prefrontal cortex samples (n = 31) from depressed suicides with or without a history of child abuse (CA) and matched controls. In healthy controls, 81% of all sampled PV+ interneurons displayed a myelinated axon, while a subset (66%) of these cells also displayed a PNN, proposing a relationship between both attributes. Intriguingly, a 3-fold increase in the proportion of unmyelinated PV+ interneurons with a PNN was observed in CA victims, along with greater PV-immunofluorescence intensity in myelinated PV+ cells with a PNN. This study, which is the first to provide normative data on myelination and PNNs around PV+ interneurons in human neocortex, sheds further light on the cellular and molecular consequences of early-life adversity on cortical PV+ interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Théberge
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, H4H 1R3, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, 1033 Av des Pins Ouest, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Belliveau
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, H4H 1R3, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, 1033 Av des Pins Ouest, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dongyue Xie
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, H4H 1R3, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Roy Khalaf
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, H4H 1R3, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kelly Perlman
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, H4H 1R3, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, 1033 Av des Pins Ouest, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Reza Rahimian
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, H4H 1R3, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Antonietta Davoli
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, H4H 1R3, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, H4H 1R3, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, 1033 Av des Pins Ouest, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Av des Pins Ouest, H3A 1A1, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, H4H 1R3, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, 1033 Av des Pins Ouest, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Av des Pins Ouest, H3A 1A1, Montréal, QC, Canada
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3
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Theyel BB, Stevenson RJ, Connors BW. Activity-Dependent Ectopic Spiking in Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons of the Neocortex. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0314-23.2024. [PMID: 38637152 PMCID: PMC11069434 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0314-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Canonically, action potentials of most mammalian neurons initiate at the axon initial segment (AIS) and propagate bidirectionally: orthodromically along the distal axon and retrogradely into the soma and dendrites. Under some circumstances, action potentials may initiate ectopically, at sites distal to the AIS, and propagate antidromically along the axon. These "ectopic action potentials" (EAPs) have been observed in experimental models of seizures and chronic pain, and more rarely in nonpathological forebrain neurons. Here we report that a large majority of parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons in the upper layers of mouse neocortex, from both orbitofrontal and primary somatosensory areas, fire EAPs after sufficient activation of their somata. Somatostatin-expressing interneurons also fire EAPs, though less robustly. Ectopic firing in PV+ cells occurs in varying temporal patterns and can persist for several seconds. PV+ cells evoke strong synaptic inhibition in pyramidal neurons and interneurons and play critical roles in cortical function. Our results suggest that ectopic spiking of PV+ interneurons is common and may contribute to both normal and pathological network functions of the neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Theyel
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
- Care New England Medical Group, Providence, Rhode Island 02906
| | - Rachel J Stevenson
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Barry W Connors
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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4
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Marín O. Parvalbumin interneuron deficits in schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 82:44-52. [PMID: 38490084 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons represent one of the most abundant subclasses of cortical interneurons. Owing to their specific electrophysiological and synaptic properties, PV+ interneurons are essential for gating and pacing the activity of excitatory neurons. In particular, PV+ interneurons are critically involved in generating and maintaining cortical rhythms in the gamma frequency, which are essential for complex cognitive functions. Deficits in PV+ interneurons have been frequently reported in postmortem studies of schizophrenia patients, and alterations in gamma oscillations are a prominent electrophysiological feature of the disease. Here, I summarise the main features of PV+ interneurons and review clinical and preclinical studies linking the developmental dysfunction of cortical PV+ interneurons with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Marín
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
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5
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Poggi G, Klaus F, Pryce CR. Pathophysiology in cortico-amygdala circuits and excessive aversion processing: the role of oligodendrocytes and myelination. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae140. [PMID: 38712320 PMCID: PMC11073757 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress-related psychiatric illnesses, such as major depressive disorder, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder, present with alterations in emotional processing, including excessive processing of negative/aversive stimuli and events. The bidirectional human/primate brain circuit comprising anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala is of fundamental importance in processing emotional stimuli, and in rodents the medial prefrontal cortex-amygdala circuit is to some extent analogous in structure and function. Here, we assess the comparative evidence for: (i) Anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex<->amygdala bidirectional neural circuits as major contributors to aversive stimulus processing; (ii) Structural and functional changes in anterior cingulate cortex<->amygdala circuit associated with excessive aversion processing in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders, and in medial prefrontal cortex<->amygdala circuit in rodent models of chronic stress-induced increased aversion reactivity; and (iii) Altered status of oligodendrocytes and their oligodendrocyte lineage cells and myelination in anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex<->amygdala circuits in stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders and stress models. The comparative evidence from humans and rodents is that their respective anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex<->amygdala circuits are integral to adaptive aversion processing. However, at the sub-regional level, the anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex structure-function analogy is incomplete, and differences as well as similarities need to be taken into account. Structure-function imaging studies demonstrate that these neural circuits are altered in both human stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders and rodent models of stress-induced increased aversion processing. In both cases, the changes include altered white matter integrity, albeit the current evidence indicates that this is decreased in humans and increased in rodent models. At the cellular-molecular level, in both humans and rodents, the current evidence is that stress disorders do present with changes in oligodendrocyte lineage, oligodendrocytes and/or myelin in these neural circuits, but these changes are often discordant between and even within species. Nonetheless, by integrating the current comparative evidence, this review provides a timely insight into this field and should function to inform future studies-human, monkey and rodent-to ascertain whether or not the oligodendrocyte lineage and myelination are causally involved in the pathophysiology of stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Poggi
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Federica Klaus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher R Pryce
- Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- URPP Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Khelfaoui H, Ibaceta-Gonzalez C, Angulo MC. Functional myelin in cognition and neurodevelopmental disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:181. [PMID: 38615095 PMCID: PMC11016012 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
In vertebrates, oligodendrocytes (OLs) are glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS) responsible for the formation of the myelin sheath that surrounds the axons of neurons. The myelin sheath plays a crucial role in the transmission of neuronal information by promoting the rapid saltatory conduction of action potentials and providing neurons with structural and metabolic support. Saltatory conduction, first described in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), is now generally recognized as a universal evolutionary innovation to respond quickly to the environment: myelin helps us think and act fast. Nevertheless, the role of myelin in the central nervous system, especially in the brain, may not be primarily focused on accelerating conduction speed but rather on ensuring precision. Its principal function could be to coordinate various neuronal networks, promoting their synchronization through oscillations (or rhythms) relevant for specific information processing tasks. Interestingly, myelin has been directly involved in different types of cognitive processes relying on brain oscillations, and myelin plasticity is currently considered to be part of the fundamental mechanisms for memory formation and maintenance. However, despite ample evidence showing the involvement of myelin in cognition and neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by cognitive impairments, the link between myelin, brain oscillations, cognition and disease is not yet fully understood. In this review, we aim to highlight what is known and what remains to be explored to understand the role of myelin in high order brain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasni Khelfaoui
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Cristobal Ibaceta-Gonzalez
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Maria Cecilia Angulo
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France.
- GHU-PARIS Psychiatrie Et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, 75014, Paris, France.
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Liu Y, Yuan J, Dong Y, Jiang S, Zhang M, Zhao X. Interaction between Oligodendrocytes and Interneurons in Brain Development and Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3620. [PMID: 38612430 PMCID: PMC11011273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders have recently been shown to be highly associated with the abnormal development and function of oligodendrocytes (OLs) and interneurons. OLs are the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system (CNS), while interneurons are important neural types gating the function of excitatory neurons. These two types of cells are of great significance for the establishment and function of neural circuits, and they share similar developmental origins and transcriptional architectures, and interact with each other in multiple ways during development. In this review, we compare the similarities and differences in these two cell types, providing an important reference and further revealing the pathogenesis of related brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xianghui Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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8
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Milicevic KD, Barbeau BL, Lovic DD, Patel AA, Ivanova VO, Antic SD. Physiological features of parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons contributing to high-frequency oscillations in the cerebral cortex. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 6:100121. [PMID: 38616956 PMCID: PMC11015061 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) inhibitory interneurons drive gamma oscillations (30-80 Hz), which underlie higher cognitive functions. In this review, we discuss two groups/aspects of fundamental properties of PV+ interneurons. In the first group (dubbed Before Axon), we list properties representing optimal synaptic integration in PV+ interneurons designed to support fast oscillations. For example: [i] Information can neither enter nor leave the neocortex without the engagement of fast PV+ -mediated inhibition; [ii] Voltage responses in PV+ interneuron dendrites integrate linearly to reduce impact of the fluctuations in the afferent drive; and [iii] Reversed somatodendritic Rm gradient accelerates the time courses of synaptic potentials arriving at the soma. In the second group (dubbed After Axon), we list morphological and biophysical properties responsible for (a) short synaptic delays, and (b) efficient postsynaptic outcomes. For example: [i] Fast-spiking ability that allows PV+ interneurons to outpace other cortical neurons (pyramidal neurons). [ii] Myelinated axon (which is only found in the PV+ subclass of interneurons) to secure fast-spiking at the initial axon segment; and [iii] Inhibitory autapses - autoinhibition, which assures brief biphasic voltage transients and supports postinhibitory rebounds. Recent advent of scientific tools, such as viral strategies to target PV cells and the ability to monitor PV cells via in vivo imaging during behavior, will aid in defining the role of PV cells in the CNS. Given the link between PV+ interneurons and cognition, in the future, it would be useful to carry out physiological recordings in the PV+ cell type selectively and characterize if and how psychiatric and neurological diseases affect initiation and propagation of electrical signals in this cortical sub-circuit. Voltage imaging may allow fast recordings of electrical signals from many PV+ interneurons simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina D. Milicevic
- University of Connecticut Health, School of Medicine, Institute for Systems Genomics, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Center for Laser Microscopy, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Brianna L. Barbeau
- University of Connecticut Health, School of Medicine, Institute for Systems Genomics, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Darko D. Lovic
- University of Connecticut Health, School of Medicine, Institute for Systems Genomics, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Center for Laser Microscopy, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Aayushi A. Patel
- University of Connecticut Health, School of Medicine, Institute for Systems Genomics, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Violetta O. Ivanova
- University of Connecticut Health, School of Medicine, Institute for Systems Genomics, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Srdjan D. Antic
- University of Connecticut Health, School of Medicine, Institute for Systems Genomics, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
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9
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Fiore F, Alhalaseh K, Dereddi RR, Bodaleo Torres F, Çoban I, Harb A, Agarwal A. Norepinephrine regulates calcium signals and fate of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the mouse cerebral cortex. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8122. [PMID: 38065932 PMCID: PMC10709653 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43920-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) generate oligodendrocytes, contributing to myelination and myelin repair. OPCs contact axons and respond to neuronal activity, but how the information relayed by the neuronal activity translates into OPC Ca2+ signals, which in turn influence their fate, remains unknown. We generated transgenic mice for concomitant monitoring of OPCs Ca2+ signals and cell fate using 2-photon microscopy in the somatosensory cortex of awake-behaving mice. Ca2+ signals in OPCs mainly occur within processes and confine to Ca2+ microdomains. A subpopulation of OPCs enhances Ca2+ transients while mice engaged in exploratory locomotion. We found that OPCs responsive to locomotion preferentially differentiate into oligodendrocytes, and locomotion-non-responsive OPCs divide. Norepinephrine mediates locomotion-evoked Ca2+ increases in OPCs by activating α1 adrenergic receptors, and chemogenetic activation of OPCs or noradrenergic neurons promotes OPC differentiation. Hence, we uncovered that for fate decisions OPCs integrate Ca2+ signals, and norepinephrine is a potent regulator of OPC fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Fiore
- The Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Khaleel Alhalaseh
- The Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ram R Dereddi
- The Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felipe Bodaleo Torres
- The Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilknur Çoban
- The Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali Harb
- The Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amit Agarwal
- The Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Falkai P, Rossner MJ, Raabe FJ, Wagner E, Keeser D, Maurus I, Roell L, Chang E, Seitz-Holland J, Schulze TG, Schmitt A. Disturbed Oligodendroglial Maturation Causes Cognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: A New Hypothesis. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:1614-1624. [PMID: 37163675 PMCID: PMC10686333 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Cognitive impairment is a hallmark of schizophrenia, but no effective treatment is available to date. The underlying pathophysiology includes disconnectivity between hippocampal and prefrontal brain regions. Supporting evidence comes from diffusion-weighted imaging studies that suggest abnormal organization of frontotemporal white matter pathways in schizophrenia. STUDY DESIGN Here, we hypothesize that in schizophrenia, deficient maturation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes substantially contributes to abnormal frontotemporal macro- and micro-connectivity and subsequent cognitive deficits. STUDY RESULTS Our postmortem studies indicate a reduced oligodendrocyte number in the cornu ammonis 4 (CA4) subregion of the hippocampus, and others have reported the same histopathological finding in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Our series of studies on aerobic exercise training showed a volume increase in the hippocampus, specifically in the CA4 region, and improved cognition in individuals with schizophrenia. The cognitive effects were subsequently confirmed by meta-analyses. Cell-specific schizophrenia polygenic risk scores showed that exercise-induced CA4 volume increase significantly correlates with OPCs. From animal models, it is evident that early life stress and oligodendrocyte-related gene variants lead to schizophrenia-related behavior, cognitive deficits, impaired oligodendrocyte maturation, and reduced myelin thickness. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, we propose that pro-myelinating drugs (e.g., the histamine blocker clemastine) combined with aerobic exercise training may foster the regeneration of myelin plasticity as a basis for restoring frontotemporal connectivity and cognition in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz J Rossner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian J Raabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Elias Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel Maurus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Roell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Emily Chang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Seitz-Holland
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Institute for Psychiatric Phenomic and Genomic (IPPG), Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo-SP, Brazil
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11
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Micheva KD, Gong B, Collman F, Weinberg RJ, Smith SJ, Trimmer JS, Murray KD. Developing a Toolbox of Antibodies Validated for Array Tomography-Based Imaging of Brain Synapses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.28.546920. [PMID: 37425759 PMCID: PMC10327040 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.28.546920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based imaging techniques rely on reagents whose performance may be application-specific. Because commercial antibodies are validated for only a few purposes, users interested in other applications may have to perform extensive in-house antibody testing. Here we present a novel application-specific proxy screening step to efficiently identify candidate antibodies for array tomography (AT), a serial section volume microscopy technique for high-dimensional quantitative analysis of the cellular proteome. To identify antibodies suitable for AT-based analysis of synapses in mammalian brain, we introduce a heterologous cell-based assay that simulates characteristic features of AT, such as chemical fixation and resin embedding that are likely to influence antibody binding. The assay was included into an initial screening strategy to generate monoclonal antibodies that can be used for AT. This approach simplifies the screening of candidate antibodies and has high predictive value for identifying antibodies suitable for AT analyses. In addition, we have created a comprehensive database of AT-validated antibodies with a neuroscience focus and show that these antibodies have a high likelihood of success for postembedding applications in general, including immunogold electron microscopy. The generation of a large and growing toolbox of AT-compatible antibodies will further enhance the value of this imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina D. Micheva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Belvin Gong
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | | | - Richard J. Weinberg
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - James S. Trimmer
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Karl D. Murray
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA
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12
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Song C, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Dong Z, Kang X, Pan Y, Du J, Gao Y, Zhang H, Xi Y, Ding H, Kuang F, Wang W, Luo C, Zhang Z, Zhao Q, Yang J, Jiang W, Wu S, Gao F. Spatial Distribution of Parvalbumin-Positive Fibers in the Mouse Brain and Their Alterations in Mouse Models of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Parkinson's Disease. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1683-1702. [PMID: 37523099 PMCID: PMC10603013 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin interneurons belong to the major types of GABAergic interneurons. Although the distribution and pathological alterations of parvalbumin interneuron somata have been widely studied, the distribution and vulnerability of the neurites and fibers extending from parvalbumin interneurons have not been detailly interrogated. Through the Cre recombinase-reporter system, we visualized parvalbumin-positive fibers and thoroughly investigated their spatial distribution in the mouse brain. We found that parvalbumin fibers are widely distributed in the brain with specific morphological characteristics in different regions, among which the cortex and thalamus exhibited the most intense parvalbumin signals. In regions such as the striatum and optic tract, even long-range thick parvalbumin projections were detected. Furthermore, in mouse models of temporal lobe epilepsy and Parkinson's disease, parvalbumin fibers suffered both massive and subtle morphological alterations. Our study provides an overview of parvalbumin fibers in the brain and emphasizes the potential pathological implications of parvalbumin fiber alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgeng Song
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ziyi Dong
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xin Kang
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yuqi Pan
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jinle Du
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yiting Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ye Xi
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fang Kuang
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ceng Luo
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhengping Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Qinpeng Zhao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jiazhou Yang
- The Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Fang Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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13
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Chen HY, Phan BN, Shim G, Hamersky GR, Sadowski N, O'Donnell TS, Sripathy SR, Bohlen JF, Pfenning AR, Maher BJ. Psychiatric risk gene Transcription Factor 4 (TCF4) regulates the density and connectivity of distinct inhibitory interneuron subtypes. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4679-4692. [PMID: 37770578 PMCID: PMC11144438 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor 4 (TCF4) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is implicated in a variety of psychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), major depression, and schizophrenia. Autosomal dominant mutations in TCF4 are causal for a specific ASD called Pitt-Hopkins Syndrome (PTHS). However, our understanding of etiological and pathophysiological mechanisms downstream of TCF4 mutations is incomplete. Single cell sequencing indicates TCF4 is highly expressed in GABAergic interneurons (INs). Here, we performed cell-type specific expression analysis (CSEA) and cellular deconvolution (CD) on bulk RNA sequencing data from 5 different PTHS mouse models. Using CSEA we observed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in parvalbumin expressing (PV+) INs and CD predicted a reduction in the PV+ INs population. Therefore, we investigated the role of TCF4 in regulating the development and function of INs in the Tcf4+/tr mouse model of PTHS. In Tcf4+/tr mice, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of subtype-specific IN markers and reporter mice identified reductions in PV+, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP+), and cortistatin (CST+) expressing INs in the cortex and cholinergic (ChAT+) INs in the striatum, with the somatostatin (SST+) IN population being spared. The reduction of these specific IN populations led to cell-type specific alterations in the balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs onto PV+ and VIP+ INs and excitatory pyramidal neurons within the cortex. These data indicate TCF4 is a critical regulator of the development of specific subsets of INs and highlight the inhibitory network as an important source of pathophysiology in PTHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Ying Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - BaDoi N Phan
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Gina Shim
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Gregory R Hamersky
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Norah Sadowski
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Thomas S O'Donnell
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Srinidhi Rao Sripathy
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joseph F Bohlen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Andreas R Pfenning
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Brady J Maher
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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14
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Okano H, Ojiro R, Zou X, Tang Q, Ozawa S, Koyanagi M, Maronpot RR, Yoshida T, Shibutani M. Exploring the effects of embryonic and neonatal exposure to lipopolysaccharides on oligodendrocyte differentiation in the rat hippocampus and the protective effect of alpha-glycosyl isoquercitrin. J Chem Neuroanat 2023; 133:102336. [PMID: 37678702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the effects of embryonic and neonatal lipopolysaccharides (LPS) exposure (E-LPS and N-LPS) on oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation in the hippocampus of male rats and explored the protective effect of the antioxidant alpha-glycosyl isoquercitrin (AGIQ). Using SD rats, LPS exposure occurred either intraperitoneally in dams between gestational days 15 and 16 (50 µg/kg body weight/time) or in male pups on postnatal day (PND) 3 (1 mg/kg body weight). Under both regimens, AGIQ at 0.5% (w/w) was supplemented, to dams from the gestation period (before LPS exposure) until weaning on PND 21 and to male offspring from weaning until PND 77 (adulthood). Compared with a control treatment, E-LPS treatment resulted in fewer NG2+ OL progenitor cells (OPCs) and an upregulation of Tcf4 at PND 6; by PND 21, low NG2+ OPC number persisted, but OLIG2+ OL lineage cells increased, while CNPase+ mature OLs counts were unchanged. By contrast, N-LPS treatment resulted in fewer OLIG2+ cells and an upregulation of Bmp4 at PND 6; by PND 21, NG2+ OPCs decreased, while GFAP+ astrocytes increased at both PND 6 and 21. After N-LPS treatment, Kl and Yy1 were downregulated and there were fewer Klotho+ and CNPase+ cells at PND 21. Results suggest that E-LPS treatment facilitates OPC differentiation into pre- and immature OLs until weaning, while N-LPS treatment suppresses OPC differentiation into mature OLs but facilitates astrocyte generation; however, these changes spontaneously recovered by adulthood under both regimens. AGIQ treatment ameliorated the effects of LPS treatment of both regimens, suggesting that LPS-induced disruption of OPC/OL differentiation occurs via neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Okano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryota Ojiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Xinyu Zou
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Qian Tang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ozawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mihoko Koyanagi
- Global Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, San-Ei Gen F.F.I. Inc., 1-1-11 Sanwa-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-8588, Japan
| | - Robert R Maronpot
- Maronpot Consulting, LLC, 1612 Medfield Road, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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15
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Aberra AS, Wang R, Grill WM, Peterchev AV. Multi-scale model of axonal and dendritic polarization by transcranial direct current stimulation in realistic head geometry. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:1776-1791. [PMID: 38056825 PMCID: PMC10842743 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation modality that can alter cortical excitability. However, it remains unclear how the subcellular elements of different neuron types are polarized by specific electric field (E-field) distributions. OBJECTIVE To quantify neuronal polarization generated by tDCS in a multi-scale computational model. METHODS We embedded layer-specific, morphologically-realistic cortical neuron models in a finite element model of the E-field in a human head and simulated steady-state polarization generated by conventional primary-motor-cortex-supraorbital (M1-SO) and 4 × 1 high-definition (HD) tDCS. We quantified somatic, axonal, and dendritic polarization of excitatory pyramidal cells in layers 2/3, 5, and 6, as well as inhibitory interneurons in layers 1 and 4 of the hand knob. RESULTS Axonal and dendritic terminals were polarized more than the soma in all neurons, with peak axonal and dendritic polarization of 0.92 mV and 0.21 mV, respectively, compared to peak somatic polarization of 0.07 mV for 1.8 mA M1-SO stimulation. Both montages generated regions of depolarization and hyperpolarization beneath the M1 anode; M1-SO produced slightly stronger, more diffuse polarization peaking in the central sulcus, while 4 × 1 HD produced higher peak polarization in the gyral crown. The E-field component normal to the cortical surface correlated strongly with pyramidal neuron somatic polarization (R2>0.9), but exhibited weaker correlations with peak pyramidal axonal and dendritic polarization (R2:0.5-0.9) and peak polarization in all subcellular regions of interneurons (R2:0.3-0.6). Simulating polarization by uniform local E-field extracted at the soma approximated the spatial distribution of tDCS polarization but produced large errors in some regions (median absolute percent error: 7.9 %). CONCLUSIONS Polarization of pre- and postsynaptic compartments of excitatory and inhibitory cortical neurons may play a significant role in tDCS neuromodulation. These effects cannot be predicted from the E-field distribution alone but rather require calculation of the neuronal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman S Aberra
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, NC, USA.
| | - Ruochen Wang
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, NC, USA; Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, NC, USA.
| | - Warren M Grill
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, NC, USA; Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, NC, USA; Dept. of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, NC, USA; Dept. of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Duke University, NC, USA.
| | - Angel V Peterchev
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, NC, USA; Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, NC, USA; Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, NC, USA; Dept. of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Duke University, NC, USA.
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16
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Pinatel D, Pearlstein E, Bonetto G, Goutebroze L, Karagogeos D, Crepel V, Faivre-Sarrailh C. A class-specific effect of dysmyelination on the excitability of hippocampal interneurons. eLife 2023; 12:e86469. [PMID: 37843188 PMCID: PMC10617988 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of myelination for axonal conduction is well-established in projection neurons but little is known about its significance in GABAergic interneurons. Myelination is discontinuous along interneuron axons and the mechanisms controlling myelin patterning and segregation of ion channels at the nodes of Ranvier have not been elucidated. Protein 4.1B is implicated in the organization of the nodes of Ranvier as a linker between paranodal and juxtaparanodal membrane proteins to the spectrin cytoskeleton. In the present study, 4.1B KO mice are used as a genetic model to analyze the functional role of myelin in Lhx6-positive parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) neurons, two major classes of GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus. We show that 4.1B-deficiency induces disruption of juxtaparanodal K+ channel clustering and mislocalization of nodal or heminodal Na+ channels. Strikingly, 4.1B-deficiency causes loss of myelin in GABAergic axons in the hippocampus. In particular, stratum oriens SST cells display severe axonal dysmyelination and a reduced excitability. This reduced excitability is associated with a decrease in occurrence probability of small amplitude synaptic inhibitory events on pyramidal cells. In contrast, stratum pyramidale fast-spiking PV cells do not appear affected. In conclusion, our results indicate a class-specific effect of dysmyelination on the excitability of hippocampal interneurons associated with a functional alteration of inhibitory drive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laurence Goutebroze
- INSERM, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et IngénierieParisFrance
| | - Domna Karagogeos
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, University of CreteHeraklionGreece
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17
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Chen K, Cambi F, Kozai TDY. Pro-myelinating clemastine administration improves recording performance of chronically implanted microelectrodes and nearby neuronal health. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122210. [PMID: 37413842 PMCID: PMC10528716 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Intracortical microelectrodes have become a useful tool in neuroprosthetic applications in the clinic and to understand neurological disorders in basic neurosciences. Many of these brain-machine interface technology applications require successful long-term implantation with high stability and sensitivity. However, the intrinsic tissue reaction caused by implantation remains a major failure mechanism causing loss of recorded signal quality over time. Oligodendrocytes remain an underappreciated intervention target to improve chronic recording performance. These cells can accelerate action potential propagation and provides direct metabolic support for neuronal health and functionality. However, implantation injury causes oligodendrocyte degeneration and leads to progressive demyelination in surrounding brain tissue. Previous work highlighted that healthy oligodendrocytes are necessary for greater electrophysiological recording performance and the prevention of neuronal silencing around implanted microelectrodes over the chronic implantation period. Thus, we hypothesize that enhancing oligodendrocyte activity with a pharmaceutical drug, Clemastine, will prevent the chronic decline of microelectrode recording performance. Electrophysiological evaluation showed that the promyelination Clemastine treatment significantly elevated the signal detectability and quality, rescued the loss of multi-unit activity, and increased functional interlaminar connectivity over 16-weeks of implantation. Additionally, post-mortem immunohistochemistry showed that increased oligodendrocyte density and myelination coincided with increased survival of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons near the implant. Overall, we showed a positive relationship between enhanced oligodendrocyte activity and neuronal health and functionality near the chronically implanted microelectrode. This study shows that therapeutic strategy that enhance oligodendrocyte activity is effective for integrating the functional device interface with brain tissue over chronic implantation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keying Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Franca Cambi
- Veterans Administration Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Takashi D Y Kozai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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18
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Fotiadis P, Cieslak M, He X, Caciagli L, Ouellet M, Satterthwaite TD, Shinohara RT, Bassett DS. Myelination and excitation-inhibition balance synergistically shape structure-function coupling across the human cortex. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6115. [PMID: 37777569 PMCID: PMC10542365 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent work has demonstrated that the relationship between structural and functional connectivity varies regionally across the human brain, with reduced coupling emerging along the sensory-association cortical hierarchy. The biological underpinnings driving this expression, however, remain largely unknown. Here, we postulate that intracortical myelination and excitation-inhibition (EI) balance mediate the heterogeneous expression of structure-function coupling (SFC) and its temporal variance across the cortical hierarchy. We employ atlas- and voxel-based connectivity approaches to analyze neuroimaging data acquired from two groups of healthy participants. Our findings are consistent across six complementary processing pipelines: 1) SFC and its temporal variance respectively decrease and increase across the unimodal-transmodal and granular-agranular gradients; 2) increased myelination and lower EI-ratio are associated with more rigid SFC and restricted moment-to-moment SFC fluctuations; 3) a gradual shift from EI-ratio to myelination as the principal predictor of SFC occurs when traversing from granular to agranular cortical regions. Collectively, our work delivers a framework to conceptualize structure-function relationships in the human brain, paving the way for an improved understanding of how demyelination and/or EI-imbalances induce reorganization in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Fotiadis
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Matthew Cieslak
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xiaosong He
- Department of Psychology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Lorenzo Caciagli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mathieu Ouellet
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing & Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA.
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19
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Someck S, Levi A, Sloin HE, Spivak L, Gattegno R, Stark E. Positive and biphasic extracellular waveforms correspond to return currents and axonal spikes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:950. [PMID: 37723241 PMCID: PMC10507124 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple biophysical mechanisms may generate non-negative extracellular waveforms during action potentials, but the origin and prevalence of positive spikes and biphasic spikes in the intact brain are unknown. Using extracellular recordings from densely-connected cortical networks in freely-moving mice, we find that a tenth of the waveforms are non-negative. Positive phases of non-negative spikes occur in synchrony or just before wider same-unit negative spikes. Narrow positive spikes occur in isolation in the white matter. Isolated biphasic spikes are narrower than negative spikes, occurring right after spikes of verified inhibitory units. In CA1, units with dominant non-negative spikes exhibit place fields, phase precession, and phase-locking to ripples. Thus, near-somatic narrow positive extracellular potentials correspond to return currents, and isolated non-negative spikes correspond to axonal potentials. Identifying non-negative extracellular waveforms that correspond to non-somatic compartments during spikes can enhance the understanding of physiological and pathological neural mechanisms in intact animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirly Someck
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Amir Levi
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Hadas E Sloin
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Lidor Spivak
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Roni Gattegno
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Eran Stark
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Haifa University, Haifa, 3103301, Israel.
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20
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Kilpatrick LA, Zhang K, Dong TS, Gee GC, Beltran-Sanchez H, Wang M, Labus JS, Naliboff BD, Mayer EA, Gupta A. Mediation of the association between disadvantaged neighborhoods and cortical microstructure by body mass index. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:122. [PMID: 37714947 PMCID: PMC10504354 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living in a disadvantaged neighborhood is associated with worse health outcomes, including brain health, yet the underlying biological mechanisms are incompletely understood. We investigated the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and cortical microstructure, assessed as the T1-weighted/T2-weighted ratio (T1w/T2w) on magnetic resonance imaging, and the potential mediating roles of body mass index (BMI) and stress, as well as the relationship between trans-fatty acid intake and cortical microstructure. METHODS Participants comprised 92 adults (27 men; 65 women) who underwent neuroimaging and provided residential address information. Neighborhood disadvantage was assessed as the 2020 California State area deprivation index (ADI). The T1w/T2w ratio was calculated at four cortical ribbon levels (deep, lower-middle, upper-middle, and superficial). Perceived stress and BMI were assessed as potential mediating factors. Dietary data was collected in 81 participants. RESULTS Here, we show that worse ADI is positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.27, p = .01) and perceived stress (r = 0.22, p = .04); decreased T1w/T2w ratio in middle/deep cortex in supramarginal, temporal, and primary motor regions (p < .001); and increased T1w/T2w ratio in superficial cortex in medial prefrontal and cingulate regions (p < .001). Increased BMI partially mediates the relationship between worse ADI and observed T1w/T2w ratio increases (p = .02). Further, trans-fatty acid intake (high in fried fast foods and obesogenic) is correlated with these T1w/T2w ratio increases (p = .03). CONCLUSIONS Obesogenic aspects of neighborhood disadvantage, including poor dietary quality, may disrupt information processing flexibility in regions involved in reward, emotion regulation, and cognition. These data further suggest ramifications of living in a disadvantaged neighborhood on brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Kilpatrick
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Keying Zhang
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tien S Dong
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gilbert C Gee
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California Center for Population Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hiram Beltran-Sanchez
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California Center for Population Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - May Wang
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Labus
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bruce D Naliboff
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arpana Gupta
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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21
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Gerevich Z, Kovács R, Liotta A, Hasam-Henderson LA, Weh L, Wallach I, Berndt N. Metabolic implications of axonal demyelination and its consequences for synchronized network activity: An in silico and in vitro study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1571-1587. [PMID: 37125487 PMCID: PMC10414014 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231170746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Myelination enhances the conduction velocity of action potentials (AP) and increases energy efficiency. Thick myelin sheaths are typically found on large-distance axonal connections or in fast-spiking interneurons, which are critical for synchronizing neuronal networks during gamma-band oscillations. Loss of myelin sheath is associated with multiple alterations in axonal architecture leading to impaired AP propagation. While numerous studies are devoted to the effects of demyelination on conduction velocity, the metabolic effects and the consequences for network synchronization have not been investigated. Here we present a unifying computational model for electrophysiology and metabolism of the myelinated axon. The computational model suggested that demyelination not only decreases the AP speed but AP propagation in demyelinated axons requires compensatory processes like mitochondrial mass increase and a switch from saltatory to continuous propagation to rescue axon functionality at the cost of reduced AP propagation speed and increased energy expenditure. Indeed, these predictions were proven to be true in a culture model of demyelination where the pharmacologically-induced loss of myelin was associated with increased oxygen consumption rates, and a significant broadening of bandwidth as well as a decrease in the power of gamma oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Gerevich
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Kovács
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agustin Liotta
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa A Hasam-Henderson
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ludwig Weh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Iwona Wallach
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Berndt
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Fabres RB, Cardoso DS, Aragón BA, Arruda BP, Martins PP, Ikebara JM, Drobyshevsky A, Kihara AH, de Fraga LS, Netto CA, Takada SH. Consequences of oxygen deprivation on myelination and sex-dependent alterations. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 126:103864. [PMID: 37268283 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen deprivation is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns, occurring with a higher prevalence in preterm infants, reaching 20 % to 50 % mortality in newborns in the perinatal period. When they survive, 25 % exhibit neuropsychological pathologies, such as learning difficulties, epilepsy, and cerebral palsy. White matter injury is one of the main features found in oxygen deprivation injury, which can lead to long-term functional impairments, including cognitive delay and motor deficits. The myelin sheath accounts for much of the white matter in the brain by surrounding axons and enabling the efficient conduction of action potentials. Mature oligodendrocytes, which synthesize and maintain myelination, also comprise a significant proportion of the brain's white matter. In recent years, oligodendrocytes and the myelination process have become potential therapeutic targets to minimize the effects of oxygen deprivation on the central nervous system. Moreover, evidence indicate that neuroinflammation and apoptotic pathways activated during oxygen deprivation may be influenced by sexual dimorphism. To summarize the most recent research about the impact of sexual dimorphism on the neuroinflammatory state and white matter injury after oxygen deprivation, this review presents an overview of the oligodendrocyte lineage development and myelination, the impact of oxygen deprivation and neuroinflammation on oligodendrocytes in neurodevelopmental disorders, and recent reports about sexual dimorphism regarding the neuroinflammation and white matter injury after neonatal oxygen deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bandeira Fabres
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Débora Sterzeck Cardoso
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Petrucelli Arruda
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Pamela Pinheiro Martins
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Juliane Midori Ikebara
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Hiroaki Kihara
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil
| | - Luciano Stürmer de Fraga
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Netto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Silvia Honda Takada
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do ABC, Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil.
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23
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Xu YKT, Graves AR, Coste GI, Huganir RL, Bergles DE, Charles AS, Sulam J. Cross-modality supervised image restoration enables nanoscale tracking of synaptic plasticity in living mice. Nat Methods 2023; 20:935-944. [PMID: 37169928 PMCID: PMC10250193 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01871-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Learning is thought to involve changes in glutamate receptors at synapses, submicron structures that mediate communication between neurons in the central nervous system. Due to their small size and high density, synapses are difficult to resolve in vivo, limiting our ability to directly relate receptor dynamics to animal behavior. Here we developed a combination of computational and biological methods to overcome these challenges. First, we trained a deep-learning image-restoration algorithm that combines the advantages of ex vivo super-resolution and in vivo imaging modalities to overcome limitations specific to each optical system. When applied to in vivo images from transgenic mice expressing fluorescently labeled glutamate receptors, this restoration algorithm super-resolved synapses, enabling the tracking of behavior-associated synaptic plasticity with high spatial resolution. This method demonstrates the capabilities of image enhancement to learn from ex vivo data and imaging techniques to improve in vivo imaging resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kang T Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Austin R Graves
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gabrielle I Coste
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dwight E Bergles
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adam S Charles
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Jeremias Sulam
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Center for Imaging Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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24
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Hirota Y, Sakakibara Y, Takei K, Nishijima R, Sekiya M, Iijima KM. Alzheimer's Disease-Related Phospho-Tau181 Signals Are Localized to Demyelinated Axons of Parvalbumin-Positive GABAergic Interneurons in an App Knock-In Mouse Model of Amyloid-β Pathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD230121. [PMID: 37212118 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tau protein phosphorylated at Thr181 (p-tau181) in cerebrospinal fluid and blood is a sensitive biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increased p-tau181 levels correlate well with amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology and precede neurofibrillary tangle formation in the early stage of AD; however, the relationship between p-tau181 and Aβ-mediated pathology is less well understood. We recently reported that p-tau181 represents axonal abnormalities in mice with Aβ pathology (AppNLGF). However, from which neuronal subtype(s) these p-tau181-positive axons originate remains elusive. OBJECTIVE The main purpose of this study is to differentiate neuronal subtype(s) and elucidate damage associated with p-tau181-positive axons by immunohistochemical analysis of AppNLGF mice brains. METHODS Colocalization between p-tau181 and (1) unmyelinated axons positive for vesicular acetylcholine transporter or norepinephrine transporter and (2) myelinated axons positive for vesicular glutamate transporter, vesicular GABA transporter, or parvalbumin in the brains of 24-month-old AppNLGF and control mice without Aβ pathology were analyzed. The density of these axons was also compared. RESULTS Unmyelinated axons of cholinergic or noradrenergic neurons did not overlap with p-tau181. By contrast, p-tau181 signals colocalized with myelinated axons of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons but not of glutamatergic neurons. Interestingly, the density of unmyelinated axons was significantly decreased in AppNLGF mice, whereas that of glutamatergic, GABAergic, or p-tau181-positive axons was less affected. Instead, myelin sheaths surrounding p-tau181-positive axons were significantly reduced in AppNLGF mice. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that p-tau181 signals colocalize with axons of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons with disrupted myelin sheaths in the brains of a mouse model of Aβ pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hirota
- Department of Neurogenetics, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Sakakibara
- Department of Neurogenetics, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kimi Takei
- Department of Neurogenetics, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Risa Nishijima
- Department of Neurogenetics, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Michiko Sekiya
- Department of Neurogenetics, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Experimental Gerontology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koichi M Iijima
- Department of Neurogenetics, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Experimental Gerontology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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25
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Saura CA, Deprada A, Capilla-López MD, Parra-Damas A. Revealing cell vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease by single-cell transcriptomics. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 139:73-83. [PMID: 35623983 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that by affecting specific brain cell types and regions cause severe pathological and functional changes in memory neural circuits. A comprehensive knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying AD requires a deeper understanding of the cell-specific pathological responses through integrative molecular analyses. Recent application of high-throughput single-cell transcriptomics to postmortem tissue has proved powerful to unravel cell susceptibility and biological networks responding to amyloid and tau pathologies. Here, we review single-cell transcriptomic studies successfully applied to decipher cell-specific gene expression programs and pathways in the brain of AD patients. Transcriptional information reveals both specific and common gene signatures affecting the major cerebral cell types, including astrocytes, endothelial cells, microglia, neurons, and oligodendrocytes. Cell type-specific transcriptomes associated with AD pathology and clinical symptoms are related to common biological networks affecting, among others pathways, synaptic function, inflammation, proteostasis, cell death, oxidative stress, and myelination. The general picture that emerges from systems-level single-cell transcriptomics is a spatiotemporal pattern of cell diversity and biological pathways, and novel cell subpopulations affected in AD brain. We argue that broader implementation of cell transcriptomics in larger AD human cohorts using standardized protocols is fundamental for reliable assessment of temporal and regional cell-type gene profiling. The possibility of applying this methodology for personalized medicine in clinics is still challenging but opens new roads for future diagnosis and treatment in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Saura
- Institut de Neurociències, Department de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain.
| | - Angel Deprada
- Institut de Neurociències, Department de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Capilla-López
- Institut de Neurociències, Department de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Arnaldo Parra-Damas
- Institut de Neurociències, Department de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
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26
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Sydnor VJ, Larsen B, Seidlitz J, Adebimpe A, Alexander-Bloch AF, Bassett DS, Bertolero MA, Cieslak M, Covitz S, Fan Y, Gur RE, Gur RC, Mackey AP, Moore TM, Roalf DR, Shinohara RT, Satterthwaite TD. Intrinsic activity development unfolds along a sensorimotor-association cortical axis in youth. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:638-649. [PMID: 36973514 PMCID: PMC10406167 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Animal studies of neurodevelopment have shown that recordings of intrinsic cortical activity evolve from synchronized and high amplitude to sparse and low amplitude as plasticity declines and the cortex matures. Leveraging resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data from 1,033 youths (ages 8-23 years), we find that this stereotyped refinement of intrinsic activity occurs during human development and provides evidence for a cortical gradient of neurodevelopmental change. Declines in the amplitude of intrinsic fMRI activity were initiated heterochronously across regions and were coupled to the maturation of intracortical myelin, a developmental plasticity regulator. Spatiotemporal variability in regional developmental trajectories was organized along a hierarchical, sensorimotor-association cortical axis from ages 8 to 18. The sensorimotor-association axis furthermore captured variation in associations between youths' neighborhood environments and intrinsic fMRI activity; associations suggest that the effects of environmental disadvantage on the maturing brain diverge most across this axis during midadolescence. These results uncover a hierarchical neurodevelopmental axis and offer insight into the progression of cortical plasticity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J Sydnor
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bart Larsen
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Azeez Adebimpe
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aaron F Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Maxwell A Bertolero
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Cieslak
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sydney Covitz
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allyson P Mackey
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Endeavor (PennSIVE), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Endeavor (PennSIVE), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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27
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Gamlin CR, Schneider-Mizell CM, Mallory M, Elabbady L, Gouwens N, Williams G, Mukora A, Dalley R, Bodor A, Brittain D, Buchanan J, Bumbarger D, Kapner D, Kinn S, Mahalingam G, Seshamani S, Takeno M, Torres R, Yin W, Nicovich PR, Bae JA, Castro MA, Dorkenwald S, Halageri A, Jia Z, Jordan C, Kemnitz N, Lee K, Li K, Lu R, Macrina T, Mitchell E, Mondal SS, Mu S, Nehoran B, Popovych S, Silversmith W, Turner NL, Wong W, Wu J, Yu S, Berg J, Jarsky T, Lee B, Seung HS, Zeng H, Reid RC, Collman F, da Costa NM, Sorensen SA. Integrating EM and Patch-seq data: Synaptic connectivity and target specificity of predicted Sst transcriptomic types. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.22.533857. [PMID: 36993629 PMCID: PMC10055412 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.22.533857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Neural circuit function is shaped both by the cell types that comprise the circuit and the connections between those cell types 1 . Neural cell types have previously been defined by morphology 2, 3 , electrophysiology 4, 5 , transcriptomic expression 6-8 , connectivity 9-13 , or even a combination of such modalities 14-16 . More recently, the Patch-seq technique has enabled the characterization of morphology (M), electrophysiology (E), and transcriptomic (T) properties from individual cells 17-20 . Using this technique, these properties were integrated to define 28, inhibitory multimodal, MET-types in mouse primary visual cortex 21 . It is unknown how these MET-types connect within the broader cortical circuitry however. Here we show that we can predict the MET-type identity of inhibitory cells within a large-scale electron microscopy (EM) dataset and these MET-types have distinct ultrastructural features and synapse connectivity patterns. We found that EM Martinotti cells, a well defined morphological cell type 22, 23 known to be Somatostatin positive (Sst+) 24, 25 , were successfully predicted to belong to Sst+ MET-types. Each identified MET-type had distinct axon myelination patterns and synapsed onto specific excitatory targets. Our results demonstrate that morphological features can be used to link cell type identities across imaging modalities, which enables further comparison of connectivity in relation to transcriptomic or electrophysiological properties. Furthermore, our results show that MET-types have distinct connectivity patterns, supporting the use of MET-types and connectivity to meaningfully define cell types.
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28
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Kilpatrick L, Zhang K, Dong T, Gee G, Beltran-Sanchez H, Wang M, Labus J, Naliboff B, Mayer E, Gupta A. Mediating role of obesity on the association between disadvantaged neighborhoods and intracortical myelination. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2592087. [PMID: 36993600 PMCID: PMC10055549 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2592087/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage (area deprivation index [ADI]) and intracortical myelination (T1-weighted/T2-weighted ratio at deep to superficial cortical levels), and the potential mediating role of the body mass index (BMI) and perceived stress in 92 adults. Worse ADI was correlated with increased BMI and perceived stress (p's<.05). Non-rotated partial least squares analysis revealed associations between worse ADI and decreased myelination in middle/deep cortex in supramarginal, temporal, and primary motor regions and increased myelination in superficial cortex in medial prefrontal and cingulate regions (p<.001); thus, neighborhood disadvantage may influence the flexibility of information processing involved in reward, emotion regulation, and cognition. Structural equation modelling revealed increased BMI as partially mediating the relationship between worse ADI and observed myelination increases (p=.02). Further, trans-fatty acid intake was correlated with observed myelination increases (p=.03), suggesting the importance of dietary quality. These data further suggest ramifications of neighborhood disadvantage on brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tien Dong
- University of California Los Angeles
| | | | | | - May Wang
- University of California Los Angeles
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29
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Sharma S, Ma W, Ressler KJ, Anderson T, Li DC, Jin P, Gourley SL, Qin Z. Dysregulation of Prefrontal Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells Across Mouse Models of Adversity and Human Major Depressive Disorder Oligodendrocyte dysregulation in mouse models of stress and MDD. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.09.531989. [PMID: 36945653 PMCID: PMC10028961 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.09.531989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of adversity have yielded few molecular mechanisms that translate to human stress-related diseases like major depressive disorder (MDD). We congruently analyze publicly available bulk-tissue transcriptomic data from prefrontal cortex (PFC) in multiple mouse models of adversity and in MDD. We apply strategies, to quantify cell-type specific enrichment from bulk-tissue transcriptomics, utilizing reference single cell RNA sequencing datasets. These analyses reveal conserved patterns of oligodendrocyte (OL) dysregulation across animal experiments, including susceptibility to social defeat, acute cocaine withdrawal, chronic unpredictable stress, early life stress, and adolescent social isolation. Using unbiased methodologies, we further identify a dysregulation of layer 6 neurons that associate with deficits in goal-directed behavior after social isolation. Human post-mortem brains with MDD show similar OL transcriptome changes in Brodmann Areas 8/9 in both male and female patients. This work assesses cell type involvement in an unbiased manner from differential expression analyses across animal models of adversity and human MDD and finds a common signature of OL dysfunction in the frontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Department of Computer Science, Emory University
| | | | | | - Dan. C. Li
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University
| | - Shannon L. Gourley
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine; Yerkes National Primate Research Center
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta
| | - Zhaohui Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University
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30
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Ziminski JJ, Frangou P, Karlaftis VM, Emir U, Kourtzi Z. Microstructural and neurochemical plasticity mechanisms interact to enhance human perceptual decision-making. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002029. [PMID: 36897881 PMCID: PMC10032544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Experience and training are known to boost our skills and mold the brain's organization and function. Yet, structural plasticity and functional neurotransmission are typically studied at different scales (large-scale networks, local circuits), limiting our understanding of the adaptive interactions that support learning of complex cognitive skills in the adult brain. Here, we employ multimodal brain imaging to investigate the link between microstructural (myelination) and neurochemical (GABAergic) plasticity for decision-making. We test (in males, due to potential confounding menstrual cycle effects on GABA measurements in females) for changes in MRI-measured myelin, GABA, and functional connectivity before versus after training on a perceptual decision task that involves identifying targets in clutter. We demonstrate that training alters subcortical (pulvinar, hippocampus) myelination and its functional connectivity to visual cortex and relates to decreased visual cortex GABAergic inhibition. Modeling interactions between MRI measures of myelin, GABA, and functional connectivity indicates that pulvinar myelin plasticity interacts-through thalamocortical connectivity-with GABAergic inhibition in visual cortex to support learning. Our findings propose a dynamic interplay of adaptive microstructural and neurochemical plasticity in subcortico-cortical circuits that supports learning for optimized decision-making in the adult human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Ziminski
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Polytimi Frangou
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vasilis M Karlaftis
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Uzay Emir
- Purdue University School of Health Sciences, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Zoe Kourtzi
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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31
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Flounlacker KM, Hahn YK, Xu R, Simons CA, Tian T, Hauser KF, Knapp PE. Myelin regulatory factor is a target of individual and interactive effects of HIV-1 Tat and morphine in the striatum and pre-frontal cortex. J Neurovirol 2023; 29:15-26. [PMID: 36853588 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-022-01107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain pervasive even with increased efficacy/use of antiretroviral therapies. Opioid use/abuse among HIV + individuals is documented to exacerbate CNS deficits. White matter (WM) alterations, including myelin pallor, and volume/structural alterations detected by diffusion tensor imaging are common observations in HIV + individuals, and studies in non-human primates suggest that WM may harbor virus. Using transgenic mice that express the HIV-1 Tat protein, we examined in vivo effects of 2-6 weeks of Tat and morphine exposure on WM using genomic and biochemical methods. RNA sequencing of striatal tissue at 2 weeks revealed robust changes in mRNAs associated with oligodendrocyte precursor populations and myelin integrity, including those for transferrin, the atypical oligodendrocyte marker N-myc downstream regulated 1 (Ndrg1), and myelin regulatory factor (Myrf/Mrf), an oligodendrocyte-specific transcription factor with a significant role in oligodendrocyte differentiation/maturation. Western blots conducted after 6-weeks exposure in 3 brain regions (striatum, corpus callosum, pre-frontal cortex) revealed regional differences in the effect of Tat and morphine on Myrf levels, and on levels of myelin basic protein (MBP), whose transcription is regulated by Myrf. Responses included individual and interactive effects. Although baseline and post-treatment levels of Myrf and MBP differed between brain regions, post-treatment MBP levels in striatum and pre-frontal cortex were compatible with changes in Myrf activity. Additionally, the Myrf regulatory ubiquitin ligase Fbxw7 was identified as a novel target in our model. These results suggest that Myrf and Fbxw7 contribute to altered myelin gene regulation in HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Flounlacker
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1101 E. Marshall St, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA.
| | - Yun Kyung Hahn
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1101 E. Marshall St, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA
| | - Ruqiang Xu
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1101 E. Marshall St, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA
| | - Chloe A Simons
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1101 E. Marshall St, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA
| | - Tao Tian
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Kurt F Hauser
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1101 E. Marshall St, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA.,Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.,The Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Pamela E Knapp
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1101 E. Marshall St, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA.,Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.,The Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
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32
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Chen K, Cambi F, Kozai TDY. Pro-myelinating Clemastine administration improves recording performance of chronically implanted microelectrodes and nearby neuronal health. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.31.526463. [PMID: 36778360 PMCID: PMC9915570 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.31.526463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Intracortical microelectrodes have become a useful tool in neuroprosthetic applications in the clinic and to understand neurological disorders in basic neurosciences. Many of these brain-machine interface technology applications require successful long-term implantation with high stability and sensitivity. However, the intrinsic tissue reaction caused by implantation remains a major failure mechanism causing loss of recorded signal quality over time. Oligodendrocytes remain an underappreciated intervention target to improve chronic recording performance. These cells can accelerate action potential propagation and provides direct metabolic support for neuronal health and functionality. However, implantation injury causes oligodendrocyte degeneration and leads to progressive demyelination in surrounding brain tissue. Previous work highlighted that healthy oligodendrocytes are necessary for greater electrophysiological recording performance and the prevention of neuronal silencing around implanted microelectrodes over chronic implantation. Thus, we hypothesize that enhancing oligodendrocyte activity with a pharmaceutical drug, Clemastine, will prevent the chronic decline of microelectrode recording performance. Electrophysiological evaluation showed that the promyelination Clemastine treatment significantly elevated the signal detectability and quality, rescued the loss of multi-unit activity, and increased functional interlaminar connectivity over 16-weeks of implantation. Additionally, post-mortem immunohistochemistry showed that increased oligodendrocyte density and myelination coincided with increased survival of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons near the implant. Overall, we showed a positive relationship between enhanced oligodendrocyte activity and neuronal health and functionality near the chronically implanted microelectrode. This study shows that therapeutic strategy that enhance oligodendrocyte activity is effective for integrating the functional device interface with brain tissue over chronic implantation period. Abstract Figure
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33
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de Carvalho Borges B, Meng X, Long P, Kanold PO, Corfas G. Loss of oligodendrocyte ErbB receptor signaling leads to hypomyelination, reduced density of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons, and inhibitory function in the auditory cortex. Glia 2023; 71:187-204. [PMID: 36052476 PMCID: PMC9771935 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
For a long time, myelin was thought to be restricted to excitatory neurons, and studies on dysmyelination focused primarily on excitatory cells. Recent evidence showed that axons of inhibitory neurons in the neocortex are also myelinated, but the role of myelin on inhibitory circuits remains unknown. Here we studied the impact of mild hypomyelination on both excitatory and inhibitory connectivity in the primary auditory cortex (A1) with well-characterized mouse models of hypomyelination due to loss of oligodendrocyte ErbB receptor signaling. Using laser-scanning photostimulation, we found that mice with mild hypomyelination have reduced functional inhibitory connections to A1 L2/3 neurons without changes in excitatory connections, resulting in altered excitatory/inhibitory balance. These effects are not associated with altered expression of GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic components, but with reduced density of parvalbumin-positive (PV+ ) neurons, axons, and synaptic terminals, which reflect reduced PV expression by interneurons rather than PV+ neuronal loss. While immunostaining shows that hypomyelination occurs in both PV+ and PV- axons, there is a strong correlation between MBP and PV expression, suggesting that myelination influences PV expression. Together, the results indicate that mild hypomyelination impacts A1 neuronal networks, reducing inhibitory activity, and shifting networks towards excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz de Carvalho Borges
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute - Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Xiangying Meng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205,Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Patrick Long
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute - Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Patrick Oliver Kanold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205,Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Gabriel Corfas
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute - Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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34
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Mueller-Buehl C, Wegrzyn D, Bauch J, Faissner A. Regulation of the E/I-balance by the neural matrisome. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1102334. [PMID: 37143468 PMCID: PMC10151766 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1102334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian cortex a proper excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance is fundamental for cognitive functions. Especially γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-releasing interneurons regulate the activity of excitatory projection neurons which form the second main class of neurons in the cortex. During development, the maturation of fast-spiking parvalbumin-expressing interneurons goes along with the formation of net-like structures covering their soma and proximal dendrites. These so-called perineuronal nets (PNNs) represent a specialized form of the extracellular matrix (ECM, also designated as matrisome) that stabilize structural synapses but prevent the formation of new connections. Consequently, PNNs are highly involved in the regulation of the synaptic balance. Previous studies revealed that the formation of perineuronal nets is accompanied by an establishment of mature neuronal circuits and by a closure of critical windows of synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, it has been shown that PNNs differentially impinge the integrity of excitatory and inhibitory synapses. In various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders alterations of PNNs were described and aroused more attention in the last years. The following review gives an update about the role of PNNs for the maturation of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons and summarizes recent findings about the impact of PNNs in different neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders like schizophrenia or epilepsy. A targeted manipulation of PNNs might provide an interesting new possibility to indirectly modulate the synaptic balance and the E/I ratio in pathological conditions.
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35
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Anti-Correlated Myelin-Sensitive MRI Levels in Humans Consistent with a Subcortical to Sensorimotor Regulatory Process-Multi-Cohort Multi-Modal Evidence. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121693. [PMID: 36552153 PMCID: PMC9776387 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential axonal myelination synchronises signalling over different axon lengths. The consequences of myelination processes described at the cellular level for the regulation of myelination at the macroscopic level are unknown. We analysed multiple cohorts of myelin-sensitive brain MRI. Our aim was to (i) confirm a previous report of anti-correlation between myelination in subcortical and sensorimotor areas in healthy subjects, (ii) and thereby test our hypothesis for a regulatory interaction between them. We analysed nine image-sets across three different human cohorts using six MRI modalities. Each image-set contained healthy controls (HC) and ME/CFS subjects. Subcortical and Sensorimotor regions of interest (ROI) were optimised for the detection of anti-correlations and the same ROIs were used to test the HC in all image-sets. For each cohort, median MRI values were computed in both regions for each subject and their correlation across the cohort was computed. We confirmed negative correlations in healthy controls between subcortical and sensorimotor regions in six image-sets: three T1wSE (p = 5 × 10-8, 5 × 10-7, 0.002), T2wSE (p =2 × 10-6), MTC (p = 0.01), and WM volume (p = 0.02). T1/T2 was the exception with a positive correlation (p = 0.01). This myelin regulation study is novel in several aspects: human subjects, cross-sectional design, ROI optimization, spin-echo MRI and reproducible across multiple independent image-sets. In multiple independent image-sets we confirmed an anti-correlation between subcortical and sensorimotor myelination which supports a previously unreported regulatory interaction. The subcortical region contained the brain's primary regulatory nuclei. We suggest a mechanism has evolved whereby relatively low subcortical myelination in an individual is compensated by upregulated sensorimotor myelination to maintain adequate sensorimotor performance.
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36
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Kole K, Voesenek BJB, Brinia ME, Petersen N, Kole MHP. Parvalbumin basket cell myelination accumulates axonal mitochondria to internodes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7598. [PMID: 36494349 PMCID: PMC9734141 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) basket cells are fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons that exert critical control over local circuit activity and oscillations. PV+ axons are often myelinated, but the electrical and metabolic roles of interneuron myelination remain poorly understood. Here, we developed viral constructs allowing cell type-specific investigation of mitochondria with genetically encoded fluorescent probes. Single-cell reconstructions revealed that mitochondria selectively cluster to myelinated segments of PV+ basket cells, confirmed by analyses of a high-resolution electron microscopy dataset. In contrast to the increased mitochondrial densities in excitatory axons cuprizone-induced demyelination abolished mitochondrial clustering in PV+ axons. Furthermore, with genetic deletion of myelin basic protein the mitochondrial clustering was still observed at internodes wrapped by noncompacted myelin, indicating that compaction is dispensable. Finally, two-photon imaging of action potential-evoked calcium (Ca2+) responses showed that interneuron myelination attenuates both the cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ transients. These findings suggest that oligodendrocyte ensheathment of PV+ axons assembles mitochondria to branch selectively fine-tune metabolic demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Kole
- grid.418101.d0000 0001 2153 6865Axonal Signaling Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bas J. B. Voesenek
- grid.418101.d0000 0001 2153 6865Axonal Signaling Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria E. Brinia
- grid.418101.d0000 0001 2153 6865Axonal Signaling Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.5216.00000 0001 2155 0800Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527 Greece
| | - Naomi Petersen
- grid.418101.d0000 0001 2153 6865Axonal Signaling Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten H. P. Kole
- grid.418101.d0000 0001 2153 6865Axonal Signaling Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands ,grid.5477.10000000120346234Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
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37
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Ali TS, Lv J, Calamante F. Gradual changes in microarchitectural properties of cortex and juxtacortical white matter: Observed by anatomical and diffusion MRI. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:2485-2503. [PMID: 36045582 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Characterization of cerebral cortex is challenged by the complexity and heterogeneity of its cyto- and myeloarchitecture. This study evaluates quantitative MRI metrics, measured across two cortical depths and in subcortical white matter (WM) adjacent to cortex (juxtacortical WM), indicative of myelin content, neurite density, and diffusion microenvironment, for a comprehensive characterization of cortical microarchitecture. METHODS High-quality structural and diffusion MRI data (N = 30) from the Human Connectome Project were processed to compute myelin index, neurite density index, fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity from superficial cortex, deep cortex, and juxtacortical WM. The distributional patterns of these metrics were analyzed individually, correlated to one another, and were compared to established parcellations. RESULTS Our results supported that myeloarchitectonic and the coexisting cytoarchitectonic structures influence the diffusion properties of water molecules residing in cortex. Full cortical thickness showed myelination patterns similar to those previously observed in humans. Higher myelin indices with similar distributional patterns were observed in deep cortex whereas lower myelin indices were observed in superficial cortex. Neurite density index and other diffusion MRI derived parameters provided complementary information to myelination. Reliable and reproducible correlations were identified among the cortical microarchitectural properties and fiber distributional patterns in proximal WM structures. CONCLUSION We demonstrated gradual changes across the cortical sheath by assessing depth-specific cortical micro-architecture using anatomical and diffusion MRI. Mutually independent but coexisting features of cortical layers and juxtacortical WM provided new insights towards structural organizational units and variabilities across cortical regions and through depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonima S Ali
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jinglei Lv
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Imaging, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fernando Calamante
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Imaging, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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38
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Sui YV, Masurkar AV, Rusinek H, Reisberg B, Lazar M. Cortical myelin profile variations in healthy aging brain: A T1w/T2w ratio study. Neuroimage 2022; 264:119743. [PMID: 36368498 PMCID: PMC9904172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Demyelination is observed in both healthy aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. While the significance of myelin within the cortex is well acknowledged, studies focused on intracortical demyelination and depth-specific structural alterations in normal aging are lacking. Using the recently available Human Connectome Project Aging dataset, we investigated intracortical myelin in a normal aging population using the T1w/T2w ratio. To capture the fine changes across cortical depths, we employed a surface-based approach by constructing cortical profiles traveling perpendicularly through the cortical ribbon and sampling T1w/T2w values. The curvatures of T1w/T2w cortical profiles may be influenced by differences in local myeloarchitecture and other tissue properties, which are known to vary across cortical regions. To quantify the shape of these profiles, we parametrized the level of curvature using a nonlinearity index (NLI) that measures the deviation of the profile from a straight line. We showed that NLI exhibited a steep decline in aging that was independent of local cortical thinning. Further examination of the profiles revealed that lower T1w/T2w near the gray-white matter boundary and superficial cortical depths were major contributors to the apparent NLI variations with age. These findings suggest that demyelination and changes in other T1w/T2w related tissue properties in normal aging may be depth-specific and highlight the potential of NLI as a unique marker of microstructural alterations within the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Veronica Sui
- Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 660 1st Ave, rm440, New York, NY 10016, USA,Corresponding author. (Y.V. Sui)
| | - Arjun V. Masurkar
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henry Rusinek
- Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 660 1st Ave, rm440, New York, NY 10016, USA,Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barry Reisberg
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariana Lazar
- Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 660 1st Ave, rm440, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Abstract
Neurons in the developing brain undergo extensive structural refinement as nascent circuits adopt their mature form. This physical transformation of neurons is facilitated by the engulfment and degradation of axonal branches and synapses by surrounding glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes. However, the small size of phagocytic organelles and the complex, highly ramified morphology of glia have made it difficult to define the contribution of these and other glial cell types to this crucial process. Here, we used large-scale, serial section transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with computational volume segmentation to reconstruct the complete 3D morphologies of distinct glial types in the mouse visual cortex, providing unprecedented resolution of their morphology and composition. Unexpectedly, we discovered that the fine processes of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), a population of abundant, highly dynamic glial progenitors, frequently surrounded small branches of axons. Numerous phagosomes and phagolysosomes (PLs) containing fragments of axons and vesicular structures were present inside their processes, suggesting that OPCs engage in axon pruning. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing from the developing mouse cortex revealed that OPCs express key phagocytic genes at this stage, as well as neuronal transcripts, consistent with active axon engulfment. Although microglia are thought to be responsible for the majority of synaptic pruning and structural refinement, PLs were ten times more abundant in OPCs than in microglia at this stage, and these structures were markedly less abundant in newly generated oligodendrocytes, suggesting that OPCs contribute substantially to the refinement of neuronal circuits during cortical development.
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40
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Field DT, Cracknell RO, Eastwood JR, Scarfe P, Williams CM, Zheng Y, Tavassoli T. High-dose Vitamin B6 supplementation reduces anxiety and strengthens visual surround suppression. Hum Psychopharmacol 2022; 37:e2852. [PMID: 35851507 PMCID: PMC9787829 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamins B6 and B12 are involved in metabolic processes that decrease neural excitation and increase inhibition. This double-blind study investigated the effects of supplementation for 1 month with a high-dose of B6 or B12, compared to placebo, on a range of behavioural outcome measures connected to the balance between neural inhibition and excitation. METHODS 478 young adults were recruited over five linked phases. Self-reported anxiety (N = 265) and depression (N = 146) were assessed at baseline and after supplementation. Several sensory measures acted as assays of inhibitory function and were assessed post-supplementation only; these were surround suppression of visual contrast detection (N = 307), binocular rivalry reversal rate (N = 172), and a battery of tactile sensitivity tests (N = 180). RESULTS Vitamin B6 supplementation reduced self-reported anxiety and induced a trend towards reduced depression, as well as increased surround suppression of visual contrast detection, but did not reliably influence the other outcome measures. Vitamin B12 supplementation produced trends towards changes in anxiety and visual processing. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that high-dose Vitamin B6 supplementation increases inhibitory GABAergic neural influences, which is consistent with its known role in the synthesis of GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T. Field
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Rebekah O. Cracknell
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Jessica R. Eastwood
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Peter Scarfe
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Claire M. Williams
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Ying Zheng
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Teresa Tavassoli
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
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Oligodendroglia are emerging players in several forms of learning and memory. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1148. [PMID: 36309567 PMCID: PMC9617857 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04116-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is the fundamental cellular mechanism of learning and memory, but recent research reveals that myelin-forming glia, oligodendrocytes (OL), are also involved. They contribute in ways that synaptic plasticity cannot, and the findings have not been integrated into the established conceptual framework used in the field of learning and memory. OLs and their progenitors are involved in long-term memory, memory consolidation, working memory, and recall in associative learning. They also contribute to short-term memory and non-associative learning by affecting synaptic transmission, intrinsic excitability of axons, and neural oscillations. Oligodendroglial involvement expands the field beyond synaptic plasticity to system-wide network function, where precise spike time arrival and neural oscillations are critical in information processing, storage, and retrieval. A Perspective highlights current evidence that supports oligodendrocytes and their progenitors’ involvement in cognition and proposes that our understanding of learning and memory can be expanded beyond the classic view of synaptic plasticity to a system-wide network function.
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42
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Basu K, Appukuttan S, Manchanda R, Sik A. Difference in axon diameter and myelin thickness between excitatory and inhibitory callosally projecting axons in mice. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:4101-4115. [PMID: 36205478 PMCID: PMC10068302 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchronization of network oscillation in spatially distant cortical areas is essential for normal brain activity. Precision in synchronization between hemispheres depends on the axonal conduction velocity, which is determined by physical parameters of the axons involved, including diameter, and extent of myelination. To compare these parameters in long-projecting excitatory and inhibitory axons in the corpus callosum, we used genetically modified mice and virus tracing to separately label CaMKIIα expressing excitatory and GABAergic inhibitory axons. Using electron microscopy analysis, we revealed that (i) the axon diameters of excitatory fibers (myelinated axons) are significantly larger than those of nonmyelinated excitatory axons; (ii) the diameters of bare axons of excitatory myelinated fibers are significantly larger than those of their inhibitory counterparts; and (iii) myelinated excitatory fibers are significantly larger than myelinated inhibitory fibers. Also, the thickness of myelin ensheathing inhibitory axons is significantly greater than for excitatory axons, with the ultrastructure of the myelin around excitatory and inhibitory fibers also differing. We generated a computational model to investigate the functional consequences of these parameter divergences. Our simulations indicate that impulses through inhibitory and excitatory myelinated fibers reach the target almost simultaneously, whereas action potentials conducted by nonmyelinated axons reach target cells with considerable delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustuv Basu
- Facility for Electron Microscopy Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C72, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Shailesh Appukuttan
- Biomedical Engineering Group, Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbay, 4000764, India
| | - Rohit Manchanda
- Biomedical Engineering Group, Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbay, 4000764, India
| | - Attila Sik
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.,Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs H-7624, Hungary.,Institute of Transdisciplinary Discoveries, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs H-7624, Hungary
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43
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Foit NA, Yung S, Lee HM, Bernasconi A, Bernasconi N, Hong SJ. A whole-brain 3D myeloarchitectonic atlas: Mapping the Vogt-Vogt legacy to the cortical surface. Neuroimage 2022; 263:119617. [PMID: 36084859 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Building precise and detailed parcellations of anatomically and functionally distinct brain areas has been a major focus in Neuroscience. Pioneer anatomists parcellated the cortical manifold based on extensive histological studies of post-mortem brain, harnessing local variations in cortical cyto- and myeloarchitecture to define areal boundaries. Compared to the cytoarchitectonic field, where multiple neuroimaging studies have recently translated this old legacy data into useful analytical resources, myeloarchitectonics, which parcellate the cortex based on the organization of myelinated fibers, has received less attention. Here, we present the neocortical surface-based myeloarchitectonic atlas based on the histology-derived maps of the Vogt-Vogt school and its 2D translation by Nieuwenhuys. In addition to a myeloarchitectonic parcellation, our package includes intracortical laminar profiles of myelin content based on Vogt-Vogt-Hopf original publications. Histology-derived myelin density mapped on our atlas demonstrated a close overlap with in vivo quantitative MRI markers for myelin and relates to cytoarchitectural features. Complementing the existing battery of approaches for digital cartography, the whole-brain myeloarchitectonic atlas offers an opportunity to validate imaging surrogate markers of myelin in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels A Foit
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Seles Yung
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hyo Min Lee
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea Bernasconi
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Neda Bernasconi
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Seok-Jun Hong
- Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada; Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, NY, USA; Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
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44
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Siebner HR, Funke K, Aberra AS, Antal A, Bestmann S, Chen R, Classen J, Davare M, Di Lazzaro V, Fox PT, Hallett M, Karabanov AN, Kesselheim J, Beck MM, Koch G, Liebetanz D, Meunier S, Miniussi C, Paulus W, Peterchev AV, Popa T, Ridding MC, Thielscher A, Ziemann U, Rothwell JC, Ugawa Y. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the brain: What is stimulated? - A consensus and critical position paper. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 140:59-97. [PMID: 35738037 PMCID: PMC9753778 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial (electro)magnetic stimulation (TMS) is currently the method of choice to non-invasively induce neural activity in the human brain. A single transcranial stimulus induces a time-varying electric field in the brain that may evoke action potentials in cortical neurons. The spatial relationship between the locally induced electric field and the stimulated neurons determines axonal depolarization. The induced electric field is influenced by the conductive properties of the tissue compartments and is strongest in the superficial parts of the targeted cortical gyri and underlying white matter. TMS likely targets axons of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The propensity of individual axons to fire an action potential in response to TMS depends on their geometry, myelination and spatial relation to the imposed electric field and the physiological state of the neuron. The latter is determined by its transsynaptic dendritic and somatic inputs, intrinsic membrane potential and firing rate. Modeling work suggests that the primary target of TMS is axonal terminals in the crown top and lip regions of cortical gyri. The induced electric field may additionally excite bends of myelinated axons in the juxtacortical white matter below the gyral crown. Neuronal excitation spreads ortho- and antidromically along the stimulated axons and causes secondary excitation of connected neuronal populations within local intracortical microcircuits in the target area. Axonal and transsynaptic spread of excitation also occurs along cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical connections, impacting on neuronal activity in the targeted network. Both local and remote neural excitation depend critically on the functional state of the stimulated target area and network. TMS also causes substantial direct co-stimulation of the peripheral nervous system. Peripheral co-excitation propagates centrally in auditory and somatosensory networks, but also produces brain responses in other networks subserving multisensory integration, orienting or arousal. The complexity of the response to TMS warrants cautious interpretation of its physiological and behavioural consequences, and a deeper understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of TMS will be critical for advancing it as a scientific and therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Klaus Funke
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Aman S Aberra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrea Antal
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Bestmann
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Chen
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network and Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Classen
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marco Davare
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anke N Karabanov
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Nutrition and Exercise, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janine Kesselheim
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Mikkel M Beck
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Laboratorio di NeurologiaClinica e Comportamentale, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - David Liebetanz
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Meunier
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U 1127, CNRS 4 UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Carlo Miniussi
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Italy; Cognitive Neuroscience Section, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di DioFatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Walter Paulus
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Angel V Peterchev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Traian Popa
- Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL Valais), Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Michael C Ridding
- University of South Australia, IIMPACT in Health, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Axel Thielscher
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - John C Rothwell
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Neurology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Fukushima Global Medical Science Centre, Advanced Clinical Research Centre, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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45
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Baum GL, Flournoy JC, Glasser MF, Harms MP, Mair P, Sanders AFP, Barch DM, Buckner RL, Bookheimer S, Dapretto M, Smith S, Thomas KM, Yacoub E, Van Essen DC, Somerville LH. Graded Variation in T1w/T2w Ratio during Adolescence: Measurement, Caveats, and Implications for Development of Cortical Myelin. J Neurosci 2022; 42:5681-5694. [PMID: 35705486 PMCID: PMC9302463 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2380-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is characterized by the maturation of cortical microstructure and connectivity supporting complex cognition and behavior. Axonal myelination influences brain connectivity during development by enhancing neural signaling speed and inhibiting plasticity. However, the maturational timing of cortical myelination during human adolescence remains poorly understood. Here, we take advantage of recent advances in high-resolution cortical T1w/T2w mapping methods, including principled correction of B1+ transmit field effects, using data from the Human Connectome Project in Development (HCP-D; N = 628, ages 8-21). We characterize microstructural changes relevant to myelination by estimating age-related differences in T1w/T2w throughout the cerebral neocortex from childhood to early adulthood. We apply Bayesian spline models and clustering analysis to demonstrate graded variation in age-dependent cortical T1w/T2w differences that are correlated with the sensorimotor-association (S-A) axis of cortical organization reported by others. In sensorimotor areas, T1w/T2w ratio measures start at high levels at early ages, increase at a fast pace, and decelerate at later ages (18-21). In intermediate multimodal areas along the S-A axis, T1w/T2w starts at intermediate levels and increases linearly at an intermediate pace. In transmodal/paralimbic association areas, T1w/T2w starts at low levels and increases linearly at the slowest pace. These data provide evidence for graded variation of the T1w/T2w ratio along the S-A axis that may reflect cortical myelination changes during adolescence underlying the development of complex information processing and psychological functioning. We discuss the implications of these results as well as caveats in interpreting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based estimates of myelination.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Myelin is a lipid membrane that is essential to healthy brain function. Myelin wraps axons to increase neural signaling speed, enabling complex neuronal functioning underlying learning and cognition. Here, we characterize the developmental timing of myelination across the cerebral cortex during adolescence using a noninvasive proxy measure, T1w/T2w mapping. Our results provide new evidence demonstrating graded variation across the cortex in the timing of T1w/T2w changes during adolescence, with rapid T1w/T2w increases in lower-order sensory areas and gradual T1w/T2w increases in higher-order association areas. This spatial pattern of microstructural brain development closely parallels the sensorimotor-to-association axis of cortical organization and plasticity during ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham L Baum
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02138
| | - John C Flournoy
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02138
| | - Matthew F Glasser
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110
| | - Michael P Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110
| | - Patrick Mair
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02138
| | - Ashley F P Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, MO 63130
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02138
| | - Susan Bookheimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90095
| | - Mirella Dapretto
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90095
| | - Stephen Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, OX3 9DU
| | - Kathleen M Thomas
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - David C Van Essen
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110
| | - Leah H Somerville
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02138
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46
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Boroshok AL, Park AT, Fotiadis P, Velasquez GH, Tooley UA, Simon KR, Forde JCP, Delgado Reyes LM, Tisdall MD, Bassett DS, Cooper EA, Mackey AP. Individual differences in frontoparietal plasticity in humans. NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2022; 7:14. [PMID: 35739201 PMCID: PMC9226021 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-022-00130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity, defined as the brain's potential to change in response to its environment, has been extensively studied at the cellular and molecular levels. Work in animal models suggests that stimulation to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) enhances plasticity, and that myelination constrains plasticity. Little is known, however, about whether proxy measures of these properties in the human brain are associated with learning. Here, we investigated the plasticity of the frontoparietal system by asking whether VTA resting-state functional connectivity and myelin map values (T1w/T2w ratios) predicted learning after short-term training on the adaptive n-back (n = 46, ages 18-25). We found that stronger baseline connectivity between VTA and lateral prefrontal cortex predicted greater improvements in accuracy. Lower myelin map values predicted improvements in response times, but not accuracy. Our findings suggest that proxy markers of neural plasticity can predict learning in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin L Boroshok
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Anne T Park
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Panagiotis Fotiadis
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gerardo H Velasquez
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ursula A Tooley
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Katrina R Simon
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Jasmine C P Forde
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lourdes M Delgado Reyes
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - M Dylan Tisdall
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, 19104, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA
| | - Emily A Cooper
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Allyson P Mackey
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Marguet F, Brosolo M, Friocourt G, Sauvestre F, Marcorelles P, Lesueur C, Marret S, Gonzalez BJ, Laquerrière A. Oligodendrocyte lineage is severely affected in human alcohol-exposed foetuses. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:74. [PMID: 35568959 PMCID: PMC9107108 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure is a major cause of neurobehavioral disabilities. MRI studies in humans have shown that alcohol is associated with white matter microstructural anomalies but these studies focused on myelin abnormalities only after birth. Only one of these studies evaluated oligodendrocyte lineage, but only for a short period during human foetal life. As data are lacking in humans and alcohol is known to impair oligodendrocyte differentiation in rodents, the present study aimed to compare by immunohistochemistry the oligodendrocyte precursor cells expressing PDGFR-α and immature premyelinating/mature oligodendrocytes expressing Olig2 in the ganglionic eminences and the frontal cortex of 14 human foetuses exposed to alcohol from 15 to 37 weeks' gestation with age-matched controls. The human brains used in this study were obtained at the time of foetal autopsies for medical termination of pregnancy, in utero or post-natal early death. Before birth, PDGFR-α expression was strongly increased in the ganglionic eminences and the cortex of all foetuses exposed to alcohol except at the earliest stage. No massive generation of Olig2 immunoreactive cells was identified in the ganglionic eminences until the end of pregnancy and the density of Olig2-positive cells within the cortex was consistently lower in foetuses exposed to alcohol than in controls. These antenatal data from humans provides further evidence of major oligodendrocyte lineage impairment at specific and key stages of brain development upon prenatal alcohol exposure including defective or delayed generation and maturation of oligodendrocyte precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Marguet
- Department of Pathology, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Pavillon Jacques Delarue, CHU, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, 1 Rue de Germont, 76031, Rouen Cedex, France.
| | - Mélanie Brosolo
- UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 F76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, Rouen, France
| | - Gaëlle Friocourt
- Inserm UMR1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et Des Sciences de la Santé; Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne; Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Brest, France
| | - Fanny Sauvestre
- Department of Pathology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascale Marcorelles
- Pathology Laboratory, Pole Pathologie-Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brest, Brest, France
- Laboratory of Neurosciences of Brest, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Brest University, Brest, France
| | - Céline Lesueur
- UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 F76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphane Marret
- Department of Neonatal Paediatrics and Intensive Care, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Bruno J Gonzalez
- UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 F76000, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie Univ, Rouen, France
| | - Annie Laquerrière
- Department of Pathology, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, Pavillon Jacques Delarue, CHU, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, 1 Rue de Germont, 76031, Rouen Cedex, France
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Kaneko K, Currin CB, Goff KM, Wengert ER, Somarowthu A, Vogels TP, Goldberg EM. Developmentally regulated impairment of parvalbumin interneuron synaptic transmission in an experimental model of Dravet syndrome. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110580. [PMID: 35354025 PMCID: PMC9003081 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dravet syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by epilepsy, intellectual disability, and sudden death due to pathogenic variants in SCN1A with loss of function of the sodium channel subunit Nav1.1. Nav1.1-expressing parvalbumin GABAergic interneurons (PV-INs) from young Scn1a+/− mice show impaired action potential generation. An approach assessing PV-IN function in the same mice at two time points shows impaired spike generation in all Scn1a+/− mice at postnatal days (P) 16–21, whether deceased prior or surviving to P35, with normalization by P35 in surviving mice. However, PV-IN synaptic transmission is dysfunctional in young Scn1a+/− mice that did not survive and in Scn1a+/− mice ≥ P35. Modeling confirms that PV-IN axonal propagation is more sensitive to decreased sodium conductance than spike generation. These results demonstrate dynamic dysfunction in Dravet syndrome: combined abnormalities of PV-IN spike generation and propagation drives early disease severity, while ongoing dysfunction of synaptic transmission contributes to chronic pathology. Dravet syndrome is caused by variants in SCN1A with loss of function of Nav1.1 sodium channels. Kaneko et al. use the “mini-slice” to record at two developmental time points. Impaired spike generation of Nav1.1-expressing PV interneurons in Scn1a+/− mice is transient, while abnormalities of PV interneuron synaptic transmission persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kaneko
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher B Currin
- The Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Kevin M Goff
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Group, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric R Wengert
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ala Somarowthu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tim P Vogels
- The Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Ethan M Goldberg
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Group, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neurology, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Impaired bidirectional communication between interneurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells affects social cognitive behavior. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1394. [PMID: 35296664 PMCID: PMC8927409 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical neural circuits are complex but very precise networks of balanced excitation and inhibition. Yet, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that form the balance are just beginning to emerge. Here, using conditional γ-aminobutyric acid receptor B1- deficient mice we identify a γ-aminobutyric acid/tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 12-mediated bidirectional communication pathway between parvalbumin-positive fast spiking interneurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells that determines the density and function of interneurons in the developing medial prefrontal cortex. Interruption of the GABAergic signaling to oligodendrocyte precursor cells results in reduced myelination and hypoactivity of interneurons, strong changes of cortical network activities and impaired social cognitive behavior. In conclusion, glial transmitter receptors are pivotal elements in finetuning distinct brain functions. Early postnatal interruption of the bidirectional GABA/TNFSF12 signaling between parvalbumin-positive interneurons and oligodendrocyte precursor cells impairs correct prefrontal cortical network activity and social cognitive behavior later in life.
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Kilpatrick LA, Alger JR, O’Neill J, Joshi SH, Narr KL, Levitt JG, O’Connor MJ. Impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on intracortical myelination and deep white matter in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. NEUROIMAGE. REPORTS 2022; 2:100082. [PMID: 37284413 PMCID: PMC10243188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2022.100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
White matter alterations have been reported in children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, as children with PAE often present with ADHD, covert PAE may have contributed to previous ADHD findings. Additionally, data regarding intracortical myelination in ADHD are lacking. Therefore, we evaluated intracortical myelination (assessed as the T1w/T2w ratio at 4 cortical ribbon levels) and myelin-related deep white matter features in children (aged 8-13 years) with ADHD with PAE (ADHD + PAE), children with familial ADHD without PAE (ADHD-PAE), and typically developing (TD) children. In widespread tracts, ADHD + PAE children showed higher mean and radial diffusivity than TD and ADHD-PAE children and lower fractional anisotropy than ADHD-PAE children; ADHD-PAE and TD children did not differ significantly. Compared to TD children, ADHD + PAE children had lower intracortical myelination only at the deepest cortical level (mainly in right insula and cingulate cortices), while ADHD-PAE children had lower intracortical myelination at multiple cortical levels (mainly in right insula, sensorimotor, and cingulate cortices); ADHD + PAE and ADHD-PAE children did not differ significantly in intracortical myelination. Considering the two ADHD groups jointly (via non-parametric combination) revealed common reductions in intracortical myelination, but no common deep white matter abnormalities. These results suggest the importance of considering PAE in ADHD studies of white matter pathology. ADHD + PAE may be associated with deeper, white matter abnormalities, while familial ADHD without PAE may be associated with more superficial, cortical abnormalities. This may be relevant to the different treatment response observed in these two ADHD etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Kilpatrick
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffry R. Alger
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neurospectroscopics, LLC., Sherman Oaks, CA, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph O’Neill
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shantanu H. Joshi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine L. Narr
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer G. Levitt
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary J. O’Connor
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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