1
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Lee JH, Sánchez-Rivera FJ, He L, Basnet H, Chen FX, Spina E, Li L, Torner C, Chan JE, Yarlagadda DVK, Park JS, Sussman C, Rudin CM, Lowe SW, Tammela T, Macias MJ, Koche RP, Massagué J. TGF-β and RAS jointly unmask primed enhancers to drive metastasis. Cell 2024; 187:6182-6199.e29. [PMID: 39243762 PMCID: PMC12035776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling are distinct yet important processes during carcinoma invasion and metastasis. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and RAS, signaling through SMAD and RAS-responsive element-binding protein 1 (RREB1), jointly trigger expression of EMT and fibrogenic factors as two discrete arms of a common transcriptional response in carcinoma cells. Here, we demonstrate that both arms come together to form a program for lung adenocarcinoma metastasis and identify chromatin determinants tying the expression of the constituent genes to TGF-β and RAS inputs. RREB1 localizes to H4K16acK20ac marks in histone H2A.Z-loaded nucleosomes at enhancers in the fibrogenic genes interleukin-11 (IL11), platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGFB), and hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), as well as the EMT transcription factor SNAI1, priming these enhancers for activation by a SMAD4-INO80 nucleosome remodeling complex in response to TGF-β. These regulatory properties segregate the fibrogenic EMT program from RAS-independent TGF-β gene responses and illuminate the operation and vulnerabilities of a bifunctional program that promotes metastatic outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Lee
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Francisco J Sánchez-Rivera
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lan He
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Harihar Basnet
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fei Xavier Chen
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elena Spina
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Liangji Li
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Carles Torner
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Jason E Chan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dig Vijay Kumar Yarlagadda
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Tri-Institutional Graduate Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jin Suk Park
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Carleigh Sussman
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tuomas Tammela
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maria J Macias
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Richard P Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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2
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Mottini C, Auciello FR, Manni I, Pilarsky C, Caputo D, Caracciolo G, Rossetta A, Di Gennaro E, Budillon A, Blandino G, Roca MS, Piaggio G. The cross-talk between the macro and micro-environment in precursor lesions of pancreatic cancer leads to new and promising circulating biomarkers. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:198. [PMID: 39020414 PMCID: PMC11256648 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a clinically challenging tumor to combat due to its advanced stage at diagnosis as well as its resistance to currently available therapies. The absence of early symptoms and known detectable biomarkers renders this disease incredibly difficult to detect/manage. Recent advances in the understanding of PC biology have highlighted the importance of cancer-immune cell interactions, not only in the tumor micro-environment but also in distant systemic sites, like the bone marrow, spleen and circulating immune cells, the so-called macro-environment. The response of the macro-environment is emerging as a determining factor in tumor development by contributing to the formation of an increasingly immunogenic micro-environment promoting tumor homeostasis and progression. We will summarize the key events associated with the feedback loop between the tumor immune micro-environment (TIME) and the tumor immune macroenvironment (TIMaE) in pancreatic precancerous lesions along with how it regulates disease development and progression. In addition, liquid biopsy biomarkers capable of diagnosing PC at an early stage of onset will also be discussed. A clearer understanding of the early crosstalk between micro-environment and macro-environment could contribute to identifying new molecular therapeutic targets and biomarkers, consequently improving early PC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Mottini
- Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, UOSD SAFU, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Auciello
- UOC Translational Oncology Research, IRCSS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Manni
- Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, UOSD SAFU, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Giulio Caracciolo
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Molecolare Sapienza, Università Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elena Di Gennaro
- Experimental Pharmacology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- UOC Translational Oncology Research, IRCSS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Roca
- Experimental Pharmacology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, UOSD SAFU, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
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3
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Tsanov KM, Barriga FM, Ho YJ, Alonso-Curbelo D, Livshits G, Koche RP, Baslan T, Simon J, Tian S, Wuest AN, Luan W, Wilkinson JE, Masilionis I, Dimitrova N, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Chaligné R, Pe’er D, Massagué J, Lowe SW. Metastatic site influences driver gene function in pancreatic cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.17.585402. [PMID: 38562717 PMCID: PMC10983983 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.17.585402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Driver gene mutations can increase the metastatic potential of the primary tumor1-3, but their role in sustaining tumor growth at metastatic sites is poorly understood. A paradigm of such mutations is inactivation of SMAD4 - a transcriptional effector of TGFβ signaling - which is a hallmark of multiple gastrointestinal malignancies4,5. SMAD4 inactivation mediates TGFβ's remarkable anti- to pro-tumorigenic switch during cancer progression and can thus influence both tumor initiation and metastasis6-14. To determine whether metastatic tumors remain dependent on SMAD4 inactivation, we developed a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) that enables Smad4 depletion in the pre-malignant pancreas and subsequent Smad4 reactivation in established metastases. As expected, Smad4 inactivation facilitated the formation of primary tumors that eventually colonized the liver and lungs. By contrast, Smad4 reactivation in metastatic disease had strikingly opposite effects depending on the tumor's organ of residence: suppression of liver metastases and promotion of lung metastases. Integrative multiomic analysis revealed organ-specific differences in the tumor cells' epigenomic state, whereby the liver and lungs harbored chromatin programs respectively dominated by the KLF and RUNX developmental transcription factors, with Klf4 depletion being sufficient to reverse Smad4's tumor-suppressive activity in liver metastases. Our results show how epigenetic states favored by the organ of residence can influence the function of driver genes in metastatic tumors. This organ-specific gene-chromatin interplay invites consideration of anatomical site in the interpretation of tumor genetics, with implications for the therapeutic targeting of metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaloyan M. Tsanov
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francisco M. Barriga
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yu-Jui Ho
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Direna Alonso-Curbelo
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Geulah Livshits
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard P. Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timour Baslan
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Janelle Simon
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sha Tian
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra N. Wuest
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Luan
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John E. Wilkinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ignas Masilionis
- Computational & Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nevenka Dimitrova
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronan Chaligné
- Computational & Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dana Pe’er
- Computational & Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott W. Lowe
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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4
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Zheng C, Wang J, Wang J, Zhang Q, Liang T. Cell of Origin of Pancreatic cancer: Novel Findings and Current Understanding. Pancreas 2024; 53:e288-e297. [PMID: 38277420 PMCID: PMC11882172 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) stands as one of the most lethal diseases globally, boasting a grim 5-year survival prognosis. The origin cell and the molecular signaling pathways that drive PDAC progression are not entirely understood. This review comprehensively outlines the categorization of PDAC and its precursor lesions, expounds on the creation and utility of genetically engineered mouse models used in PDAC research, compiles a roster of commonly used markers for pancreatic progenitors, duct cells, and acinar cells, and briefly addresses the mechanisms involved in the progression of PDAC. We acknowledge the value of precise markers and suitable tracing tools to discern the cell of origin, as it can facilitate the creation of more effective models for PDAC exploration. These conclusions shed light on our existing understanding of foundational genetically engineered mouse models and focus on the origin and development of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlei Zheng
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Jianing Wang
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Junli Wang
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Qi Zhang
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Mecca M, Picerno S, Cortellino S. The Killer's Web: Interconnection between Inflammation, Epigenetics and Nutrition in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2750. [PMID: 38473997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key contributor to both the initiation and progression of tumors, and it can be triggered by genetic instability within tumors, as well as by lifestyle and dietary factors. The inflammatory response plays a critical role in the genetic and epigenetic reprogramming of tumor cells, as well as in the cells that comprise the tumor microenvironment. Cells in the microenvironment acquire a phenotype that promotes immune evasion, progression, and metastasis. We will review the mechanisms and pathways involved in the interaction between tumors, inflammation, and nutrition, the limitations of current therapies, and discuss potential future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisabel Mecca
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Simona Picerno
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cortellino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Responsible Research Hospital, 86100 Campobasso, CB, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM), Clinical and Translational Oncology, 80138 Naples, NA, Italy
- S.H.R.O. Italia Foundation ETS, 10060 Candiolo, TO, Italy
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6
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Marstrand-Daucé L, Lorenzo D, Chassac A, Nicole P, Couvelard A, Haumaitre C. Acinar-to-Ductal Metaplasia (ADM): On the Road to Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PanIN) and Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9946. [PMID: 37373094 PMCID: PMC10298625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult pancreatic acinar cells show high plasticity allowing them to change in their differentiation commitment. Pancreatic acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) is a cellular process in which the differentiated pancreatic acinar cells transform into duct-like cells. This process can occur as a result of cellular injury or inflammation in the pancreas. While ADM is a reversible process allowing pancreatic acinar regeneration, persistent inflammation or injury can lead to the development of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), which is a common precancerous lesion that precedes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Several factors can contribute to the development of ADM and PanIN, including environmental factors such as obesity, chronic inflammation and genetic mutations. ADM is driven by extrinsic and intrinsic signaling. Here, we review the current knowledge on the cellular and molecular biology of ADM. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying ADM is critical for the development of new therapeutic strategies for pancreatitis and PDAC. Identifying the intermediate states and key molecules that regulate ADM initiation, maintenance and progression may help the development of novel preventive strategies for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Marstrand-Daucé
- INSERM UMR1149, Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France; (L.M.-D.); (D.L.); (A.C.); (P.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Diane Lorenzo
- INSERM UMR1149, Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France; (L.M.-D.); (D.L.); (A.C.); (P.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Anaïs Chassac
- INSERM UMR1149, Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France; (L.M.-D.); (D.L.); (A.C.); (P.N.); (A.C.)
- Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Nicole
- INSERM UMR1149, Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France; (L.M.-D.); (D.L.); (A.C.); (P.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Anne Couvelard
- INSERM UMR1149, Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France; (L.M.-D.); (D.L.); (A.C.); (P.N.); (A.C.)
- Department of Pathology, Bichat Hospital, Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Haumaitre
- INSERM UMR1149, Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France; (L.M.-D.); (D.L.); (A.C.); (P.N.); (A.C.)
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7
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Halbrook CJ, Lyssiotis CA, Pasca di Magliano M, Maitra A. Pancreatic cancer: Advances and challenges. Cell 2023; 186:1729-1754. [PMID: 37059070 PMCID: PMC10182830 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 257.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest cancers. Significant efforts have largely defined major genetic factors driving PDAC pathogenesis and progression. Pancreatic tumors are characterized by a complex microenvironment that orchestrates metabolic alterations and supports a milieu of interactions among various cell types within this niche. In this review, we highlight the foundational studies that have driven our understanding of these processes. We further discuss the recent technological advances that continue to expand our understanding of PDAC complexity. We posit that the clinical translation of these research endeavors will enhance the currently dismal survival rate of this recalcitrant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Halbrook
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Marina Pasca di Magliano
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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8
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Feinberg AP, Levchenko A. Epigenetics as a mediator of plasticity in cancer. Science 2023; 379:eaaw3835. [PMID: 36758093 PMCID: PMC10249049 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw3835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The concept of an epigenetic landscape describing potential cellular fates arising from pluripotent cells, first advanced by Conrad Waddington, has evolved in light of experiments showing nondeterministic outcomes of regulatory processes and mathematical methods for quantifying stochasticity. In this Review, we discuss modern approaches to epigenetic and gene regulation landscapes and the associated ideas of entropy and attractor states, illustrating how their definitions are both more precise and relevant to understanding cancer etiology and the plasticity of cancerous states. We address the interplay between different types of regulatory landscapes and how their changes underlie cancer progression. We also consider the roles of cellular aging and intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli in modulating cellular states and how landscape alterations can be quantitatively mapped onto phenotypic outcomes and thereby used in therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Feinberg
- Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University Schools of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andre Levchenko
- Yale Systems Biology Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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9
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Zhang Z, Wang X, Hamdan FH, Likhobabina A, Patil S, Aperdannier L, Sen M, Traub J, Neesse A, Fischer A, Papantonis A, Singh SK, Ellenrieder V, Johnsen SA, Hessmann E. NFATc1 Is a Central Mediator of EGFR-Induced ARID1A Chromatin Dissociation During Acinar Cell Reprogramming. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:1219-1246. [PMID: 36758798 PMCID: PMC10064440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Loss of AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A) fosters acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and pancreatic carcinogenesis by down-regulating transcription programs controlling acinar cell identity. However, how ARID1A reacts to metaplasia-triggering environmental cues remains elusive. Here, we aimed to elucidate the role of ARID1A in controlling ductal pancreatic gene signatures and deciphering hierarchical signaling cues determining ARID1A-dependent chromatin regulation during acinar cell reprogramming. METHODS Acinar cell explants with differential ARID1A status were subjected to genome-wide expression analyses. The impact of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, NFATc1 activity, and ARID1A status on acinar reprogramming processes were characterized by ex vivo ADM assays and transgenic mouse models. EGFR-dependent ARID1A chromatin binding was studied by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis and cellular fractionation. RESULTS EGFR signaling interferes with ARID1A-dependent transcription by inducing genome-wide ARID1A displacement, thereby phenocopying ARID1A loss-of-function mutations and inducing a shift toward ADM permissive ductal transcription programs. Moreover, we show that EGFR signaling is required to push ARID1A-deficient acinar cells toward a metaplastic phenotype. Mechanistically, we identified the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) as the central regulatory hub mediating both EGFR signaling-induced genomic ARID1A displacement and the induction of ADM-promoting gene signatures in the absence of ARID1A. Consequently, pharmacologic inhibition of NFATc1 or its depletion in transgenic mice not only preserves genome-wide ARID1A occupancy, but also attenuates acinar metaplasia led by ARID1A loss. CONCLUSIONS Our data describe an intimate relationship between environmental signaling and chromatin remodeling in orchestrating cell fate decisions in the pancreas, and illustrate how ARID1A loss influences transcriptional regulation in acinar cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Feda H Hamdan
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anna Likhobabina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shilpa Patil
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Aperdannier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Madhobi Sen
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jacobe Traub
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Albrecht Neesse
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit 5002, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - André Fischer
- Department for Systems Medicine and Epigenetics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Argyris Papantonis
- Clinical Research Unit 5002, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shiv K Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit 5002, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit 5002, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Lower Saxony, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven A Johnsen
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hessmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Clinical Research Unit 5002, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Lower Saxony, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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10
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Pandey S, Gupta VK, Lavania SP. Role of epigenetics in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Epigenomics 2023; 15:89-110. [PMID: 36647796 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive cancers, associated with poor survival outcomes. Lack of early diagnosis, resistance to conventional therapeutic treatments (including immunotherapy) and recurrence are some of the major hurdles in PDAC and contribute to its poor survival rate. While the risk of genetic predisposition to cancers is widely acknowledged and understood, recent advances in whole-genome and next-generation sequencing techniques have led to the acknowledgment of the role played by epigenetics, especially in PDAC. Epigenetic changes are heritable genetic modifications that influence gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms (e.g., DNA methylation, post-translational modification of histone complexes and ncRNA) that result in reversible changes in gene expression are increasingly understood to be responsible for tumor initiation, development and even escape from immune surveillance. Our review seeks to highlight the various components of the epigenetic machinery that are known to be implicated in PDAC initiation and development and the feasibility of targeting these components to identify novel pharmacological strategies that could potentially lead to breakthroughs in PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Pandey
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Vineet K Gupta
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Shweta P Lavania
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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11
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Guo B, Friedland SC, Alexander W, Myers JA, Wang W, O'Dell MR, Getman M, Whitney-Miller CL, Agostini-Vulaj D, Huber AR, Mello SS, Vertino PM, Land HK, Steiner LA, Hezel AF. Arid1a mutation suppresses TGF-β signaling and induces cholangiocarcinoma. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111253. [PMID: 36044839 PMCID: PMC9808599 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating KRAS mutations and functional loss of members of the SWI/SNF complex, including ARID1A, are found together in the primary liver tumor cholangiocarcinoma (CC). How these mutations cooperate to promote CC has not been established. Using murine models of hepatocyte and biliary-specific lineage tracing, we show that Kras and Arid1a mutations drive the formation of CC and tumor precursors from the biliary compartment, which are accelerated by liver inflammation. Using cultured cells, we find that Arid1a loss causes cellular proliferation, escape from cell-cycle control, senescence, and widespread changes in chromatin structure. Notably, we show that the biliary proliferative response elicited by Kras/Arid1a cooperation and tissue injury in CC is caused by failed engagement of the TGF-β-Smad4 tumor suppressor pathway. We thus identify an ARID1A-TGF-β-Smad4 axis as essential in limiting the biliary epithelial response to oncogenic insults, while its loss leads to biliary pre-neoplasia and CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Guo
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Scott C Friedland
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - William Alexander
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jacquelyn A Myers
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Michael R O'Dell
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Michael Getman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Christa L Whitney-Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Diana Agostini-Vulaj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Aaron R Huber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Stephano S Mello
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Paula M Vertino
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Hartmut K Land
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Laurie A Steiner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Aram F Hezel
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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12
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Jones CA, Tansey WP, Weissmiller AM. Emerging Themes in Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis by SWI/SNF Subunit Mutation. Epigenet Insights 2022; 15:25168657221115656. [PMID: 35911061 PMCID: PMC9329810 DOI: 10.1177/25168657221115656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to alter contacts between DNA and nucleosomes, allowing regions of the genome to become accessible for biological processes such as transcription. The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler is also one of the most frequently altered protein complexes in cancer, with upwards of 20% of all cancers carrying mutations in a SWI/SNF subunit. Intense studies over the last decade have probed the molecular events associated with SWI/SNF dysfunction in cancer and common themes are beginning to emerge in how tumor-associated SWI/SNF mutations promote malignancy. In this review, we summarize current understanding of SWI/SNF complexes, their alterations in cancer, and what is known about the impact of these mutations on tumor-relevant transcriptional events. We discuss how enhancer dysregulation is a common theme in SWI/SNF mutant cancers and describe how resultant alterations in enhancer and super-enhancer activity conspire to block development and differentiation while promoting stemness and self-renewal. We also identify a second emerging theme in which SWI/SNF perturbations intersect with potent oncoprotein transcription factors AP-1 and MYC to drive malignant transcriptional programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheyenne A Jones
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - William P Tansey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - April M Weissmiller
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
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13
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Baslan T, Morris JP, Zhao Z, Reyes J, Ho YJ, Tsanov KM, Bermeo J, Tian S, Zhang S, Askan G, Yavas A, Lecomte N, Erakky A, Varghese AM, Zhang A, Kendall J, Ghiban E, Chorbadjiev L, Wu J, Dimitrova N, Chadalavada K, Nanjangud GJ, Bandlamudi C, Gong Y, Donoghue MTA, Socci ND, Krasnitz A, Notta F, Leach SD, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Lowe SW. Ordered and deterministic cancer genome evolution after p53 loss. Nature 2022; 608:795-802. [PMID: 35978189 PMCID: PMC9402436 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although p53 inactivation promotes genomic instability1 and presents a route to malignancy for more than half of all human cancers2,3, the patterns through which heterogenous TP53 (encoding human p53) mutant genomes emerge and influence tumorigenesis remain poorly understood. Here, in a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma that reports sporadic p53 loss of heterozygosity before cancer onset, we find that malignant properties enabled by p53 inactivation are acquired through a predictable pattern of genome evolution. Single-cell sequencing and in situ genotyping of cells from the point of p53 inactivation through progression to frank cancer reveal that this deterministic behaviour involves four sequential phases-Trp53 (encoding mouse p53) loss of heterozygosity, accumulation of deletions, genome doubling, and the emergence of gains and amplifications-each associated with specific histological stages across the premalignant and malignant spectrum. Despite rampant heterogeneity, the deletion events that follow p53 inactivation target functionally relevant pathways that can shape genomic evolution and remain fixed as homogenous events in diverse malignant populations. Thus, loss of p53-the 'guardian of the genome'-is not merely a gateway to genetic chaos but, rather, can enable deterministic patterns of genome evolution that may point to new strategies for the treatment of TP53-mutant tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timour Baslan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John P Morris
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose Reyes
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Ho
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kaloyan M Tsanov
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Bermeo
- Rubinstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sha Tian
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean Zhang
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gokce Askan
- Rubinstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aslihan Yavas
- Rubinstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicolas Lecomte
- Rubinstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Erakky
- Rubinstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna M Varghese
- Rubinstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy Zhang
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jude Kendall
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Elena Ghiban
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Lubomir Chorbadjiev
- Technical School of Electronic Systems, Technical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jie Wu
- Phillips Research North America, Oncology Informatics and Genomics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nevenka Dimitrova
- Phillips Research North America, Oncology Informatics and Genomics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kalyani Chadalavada
- Molecular Cytogenetics Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gouri J Nanjangud
- Molecular Cytogenetics Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chaitanya Bandlamudi
- Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yixiao Gong
- Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark T A Donoghue
- Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas D Socci
- Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Krasnitz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Faiyaz Notta
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steve D Leach
- Rubinstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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14
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Parte S, Nimmakayala RK, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. Acinar to ductal cell trans-differentiation: A prelude to dysplasia and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188669. [PMID: 34915061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the deadliest neoplastic epithelial malignancies and is projected to be the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality by 2024. Five years overall survival being ~10%, mortality and incidence rates are disturbing. Acinar to ductal cell metaplasia (ADM) encompasses cellular reprogramming and phenotypic switch-over, making it a cardinal event in tumor initiation. Differential cues and varied regulatory factors drive synchronous functions of metaplastic cell populations leading to multiple cell fates and physiological outcomes. ADM is a precursor for developing early pre-neoplastic lesions further progressing into PC due to oncogenic signaling. Hence delineating molecular events guiding tumor initiation may provide cues for regenerative medicine and precision onco-medicine. Therefore, understanding PC pathogenesis and early diagnosis are crucial. We hereby provide a timely overview of the current progress in this direction and future perspectives we foresee unfolding in the best interest of patient well-being and better clinical management of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Parte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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15
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Li J, Wei T, Zhang J, Liang T. Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas: A Review of Their Genetic Characteristics and Mouse Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215296. [PMID: 34771461 PMCID: PMC8582516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers with the lowest survival rate. Little progress has been achieved in prolonging the survival for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Hence, special attention should be paid to pre-cancerous lesions, for instance, an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). Here, we reviewed its genetic characteristics and the mouse models involving mutations in specific pathways, and updated our current perception of how this lesion develops into a precursor of invasive cancer. Abstract The intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is attracting research attention because of its increasing incidence and proven potential to progress into invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In this review, we summarized the key signaling pathways or protein complexes (GPCR, TGF, SWI/SNF, WNT, and PI3K) that appear to be involved in IPMN pathogenesis. In addition, we collected information regarding all the genetic mouse models that mimic the human IPMN phenotype with specific immunohistochemistry techniques. The mouse models enable us to gain insight into the complex mechanism of the origin of IPMN, revealing that it can be developed from both acinar cells and duct cells according to different models. Furthermore, recent genomic studies describe the potential mechanism by which heterogeneous IPMN gives rise to malignant carcinoma through sequential, branch-off, or de novo approaches. The most intractable problem is that the risk of malignancy persists to some extent even if the primary IPMN is excised with a perfect margin, calling for the re-evaluation and improvement of diagnostic, pre-emptive, and therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.L.); (T.W.); (J.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.L.); (T.W.); (J.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.L.); (T.W.); (J.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China; (J.L.); (T.W.); (J.Z.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-571-87236688
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16
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Zafra MP, Dow LE. Revealing ARID1A Function in Gastric Cancer from the Bottom Up. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:1327-1329. [PMID: 34078662 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Lo and colleagues use CRISPR-based genome engineering in primary human gastric organoids to reveal the functional consequences of ARID1A loss in the early stages of gastric cancer. They show that ARID1A disruption is not tolerated in wild-type organoids, but in the context of TP53 loss, leads to WNT suppression, mucinous metaplasia, enhanced tumorigenicity, and selectively toxicity to BIRC5/Survivin inhibition.See related article by Lo et al., p. 1562.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paz Zafra
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Lukas E Dow
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York. .,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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17
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Lo YH, Kolahi KS, Du Y, Chang CY, Krokhotin A, Nair A, Sobba WD, Karlsson K, Jones SJ, Longacre TA, Mah AT, Tercan B, Sockell A, Xu H, Seoane JA, Chen J, Shmulevich I, Weissman JS, Curtis C, Califano A, Fu H, Crabtree GR, Kuo CJ. A CRISPR/Cas9-Engineered ARID1A-Deficient Human Gastric Cancer Organoid Model Reveals Essential and Nonessential Modes of Oncogenic Transformation. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:1562-1581. [PMID: 33451982 PMCID: PMC8346515 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in ARID1A rank among the most common molecular aberrations in human cancer. However, oncogenic consequences of ARID1A mutation in human cells remain poorly defined due to lack of forward genetic models. Here, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ARID1A knockout (KO) in primary TP53-/- human gastric organoids induced morphologic dysplasia, tumorigenicity, and mucinous differentiation. Genetic WNT/β-catenin activation rescued mucinous differentiation, but not hyperproliferation, suggesting alternative pathways of ARID1A KO-mediated transformation. ARID1A mutation induced transcriptional regulatory modules characteristic of microsatellite instability and Epstein-Barr virus-associated subtype human gastric cancer, including FOXM1-associated mitotic genes and BIRC5/survivin. Convergently, high-throughput compound screening indicated selective vulnerability of ARID1A-deficient organoids to inhibition of BIRC5/survivin, functionally implicating this pathway as an essential mediator of ARID1A KO-dependent early-stage gastric tumorigenesis. Overall, we define distinct pathways downstream of oncogenic ARID1A mutation, with nonessential WNT-inhibited mucinous differentiation in parallel with essential transcriptional FOXM1/BIRC5-stimulated proliferation, illustrating the general utility of organoid-based forward genetic cancer analysis in human cells. SIGNIFICANCE: We establish the first human forward genetic modeling of a commonly mutated tumor suppressor gene, ARID1A. Our study integrates diverse modalities including CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, organoid culture, systems biology, and small-molecule screening to derive novel insights into early transformation mechanisms of ARID1A-deficient gastric cancers.See related commentary by Zafra and Dow, p. 1327.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1307.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hung Lo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kevin S Kolahi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chiung-Ying Chang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Andrey Krokhotin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ajay Nair
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Walter D Sobba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kasper Karlsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Sunny J Jones
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Teri A Longacre
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Amanda T Mah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Bahar Tercan
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alexandra Sockell
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Hang Xu
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jose A Seoane
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jin Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Pharmacology and Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Christina Curtis
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gerald R Crabtree
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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18
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Liu S, Cao W, Niu Y, Luo J, Zhao Y, Hu Z, Zong C. Single-PanIN-seq unveils that ARID1A deficiency promotes pancreatic tumorigenesis by attenuating KRAS-induced senescence. eLife 2021; 10:e64204. [PMID: 33983114 PMCID: PMC8203294 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ARID1A is one of the most frequently mutated epigenetic regulators in a wide spectrum of cancers. Recent studies have shown that ARID1A deficiency induces global changes in the epigenetic landscape of enhancers and promoters. These broad and complex effects make it challenging to identify the driving mechanisms of ARID1A deficiency in promoting cancer progression. Here, we identified the anti-senescence effect of Arid1a deficiency in the progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) by profiling the transcriptome of individual PanINs in a mouse model. In a human cell line model, we found that ARID1A deficiency upregulates the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1), which plays an essential role in attenuating the senescence induced by oncogenic KRAS through scavenging reactive oxygen species. As a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, our ATAC sequencing data showed that ARID1A deficiency increases the accessibility of the enhancer region of ALDH1A1. This study provides the first evidence that ARID1A deficiency promotes pancreatic tumorigenesis by attenuating KRAS-induced senescence through the upregulation of ALDH1A1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Wenjian Cao
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Yichi Niu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Jiayi Luo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Cancer and Cell, Biology Graduate Program, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Yanhua Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Zhiying Hu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Chenghang Zong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Cancer and Cell, Biology Graduate Program, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
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19
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Rodríguez Gil Y, Jiménez Sánchez P, Muñoz Velasco R, García García A, Sánchez-Arévalo Lobo VJ. Molecular Alterations in Pancreatic Cancer: Transfer to the Clinic. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2077. [PMID: 33669845 PMCID: PMC7923218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the most common cancer of the exocrine pancreas and probably the tumor that has benefited the least from clinical progress in the last three decades. A consensus has been reached regarding the histologic classification of the ductal preneoplastic lesions (pancreatic intra-epithelial neoplasia-PanIN) and the molecular alterations associated with them. Mutations in KRAS and inactivation of CDKN2A, SMAD4 and TP53 are among the most prevalent alterations. Next generation sequencing studies are providing a broad picture of the enormous heterogeneity in this tumor type, describing new mutations less prevalent. These studies have also allowed the characterization of different subtypes with prognostic value. However, all this knowledge has not been translated into a clinical progress. Effective preventive and early diagnostic strategies are essential to improve the survival rates. The main challenge is, indeed, to identify new effective drugs. Despite many years of research and its limited success, gemcitabine is still the first line treatment of PDA. New drug combinations and new concepts to improve drug delivery into the tumor, as well as the development of preclinical predictive assays, are being explored and provide optimism and prospects for better therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Rodríguez Gil
- Pathology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, (Spain), Av. Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Paula Jiménez Sánchez
- Molecular Oncology Group, Biosanitary Research Institute, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (P.J.S.); (R.M.V.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Raúl Muñoz Velasco
- Molecular Oncology Group, Biosanitary Research Institute, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (P.J.S.); (R.M.V.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Ana García García
- Molecular Oncology Group, Biosanitary Research Institute, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (P.J.S.); (R.M.V.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Víctor Javier Sánchez-Arévalo Lobo
- Pathology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, (Spain), Av. Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
- Molecular Oncology Group, Biosanitary Research Institute, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (P.J.S.); (R.M.V.); (A.G.G.)
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20
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Tsuda M, Fukuda A, Kawai M, Araki O, Seno H. The role of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:490-497. [PMID: 33301642 PMCID: PMC7894000 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes are a group of epigenetic regulators that can alter the assembly of nucleosomes and regulate the accessibility of transcription factors to DNA in order to modulate gene expression. One of these complexes, the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex is mutated in more than 20% of human cancers. We have investigated the roles of the SWI/SNF complex in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), which is the most lethal type of cancer. Here, we reviewed the recent literature regarding the role of the SWI/SNF complex in pancreatic tumorigenesis and current knowledge about therapeutic strategies targeting the SWI/SNF complex in PDA. The subunits of the SWI/SNF complex are mutated in 14% of human PDA. Recent studies have shown that they have context-dependent oncogenic or tumor-suppressive roles in pancreatic carcinogenesis. To target its tumor-suppressive properties, synthetic lethal strategies have recently been developed. In addition, their oncogenic properties could be novel therapeutic targets. The SWI/SNF subunits are potential therapeutic targets for PDA, and further understanding of the precise role of the SWI/SNF complex subunits in PDA is required for further development of novel strategies targeting SWI/SNF subunits against PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyuki Tsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKindai University Faculty of MedicineOsaka‐sayama CityJapan
| | - Akihisa Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Munenori Kawai
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Osamu Araki
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
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21
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Alonso-Curbelo D, Ho YJ, Burdziak C, Maag JLV, Morris JP, Chandwani R, Chen HA, Tsanov KM, Barriga FM, Luan W, Tasdemir N, Livshits G, Azizi E, Chun J, Wilkinson JE, Mazutis L, Leach SD, Koche R, Pe'er D, Lowe SW. A gene-environment-induced epigenetic program initiates tumorigenesis. Nature 2021; 590:642-648. [PMID: 33536616 PMCID: PMC8482641 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue damage increases the risk of cancer through poorly understood mechanisms1. In mouse models of pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis associated with tissue injury collaborates with activating mutations in the Kras oncogene to markedly accelerate the formation of early neoplastic lesions and, ultimately, adenocarcinoma2,3. Here, by integrating genomics, single-cell chromatin assays and spatiotemporally controlled functional perturbations in autochthonous mouse models, we show that the combination of Kras mutation and tissue damage promotes a unique chromatin state in the pancreatic epithelium that distinguishes neoplastic transformation from normal regeneration and is selected for throughout malignant evolution. This cancer-associated epigenetic state emerges within 48 hours of pancreatic injury, and involves an 'acinar-to-neoplasia' chromatin switch that contributes to the early dysregulation of genes that define human pancreatic cancer. Among the factors that are most rapidly activated after tissue damage in the pre-malignant pancreatic epithelium is the alarmin cytokine interleukin 33, which recapitulates the effects of injury in cooperating with mutant Kras to unleash the epigenetic remodelling program of early neoplasia and neoplastic transformation. Collectively, our study demonstrates how gene-environment interactions can rapidly produce gene-regulatory programs that dictate early neoplastic commitment, and provides a molecular framework for understanding the interplay between genetic and environmental cues in the initiation of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Direna Alonso-Curbelo
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Ho
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cassandra Burdziak
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jesper L V Maag
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John P Morris
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rohit Chandwani
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hsuan-An Chen
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kaloyan M Tsanov
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francisco M Barriga
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Luan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nilgun Tasdemir
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geulah Livshits
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elham Azizi
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaeyoung Chun
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Alan and Sandra Gerry Metastasis and Tumor Ecosystems Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John E Wilkinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Linas Mazutis
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Alan and Sandra Gerry Metastasis and Tumor Ecosystems Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven D Leach
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Dartmouth Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Hanover, NH, USA
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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22
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Paradoxical Role of AT-rich Interactive Domain 1A in Restraining Pancreatic Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092695. [PMID: 32967217 PMCID: PMC7564752 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Genes with deleterious mutations in tumors are widely accepted as tumor suppressors, since, loss of their normal expression often promotes tumor development. However, most tumors develop over a long period, with gradual accumulation of tumor-promoting events. Thus, to comprehend the role of individual genes in this evolving process of tumorigenesis, it is critical to investigate their role in both early precursors and established tumor cells. Despite recurrent mutations in ARID1A in genomes of human cancer, including pancreatic cancer, its role in tumorigenesis is not clear. We aim to understand the role of Arid1a in pancreatic cancer development and maintenance by investigating its role in both early pancreatic precursor cells and established pancreatic cancer cells. Besides novel understanding of context-dependent role of Arid1a in pancreatic cancer, this study will also enable development of therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancers patients with ARID1A mutations, which is currently a critical unmet need in clinic. Abstract Background & Aims: ARID1A is postulated to be a tumor suppressor gene owing to loss-of-function mutations in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). However, its role in pancreatic pathogenesis is not clear despite recent studies using genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models. We aimed at further understanding of its direct functional role in PDAC, using a combination of GEM model and PDAC cell lines. Methods: Pancreas-specific mutant Arid1a-driven GEM model (Ptf1a-Cre; KrasG12D; Arid1af/f or “KAC”) was generated by crossing Ptf1a-Cre; KrasG12D (“KC”) mice with Arid1af/f mice and characterized histologically with timed necropsies. Arid1a was also deleted using CRISPR-Cas9 system in established human and murine PDAC cell lines to study the immediate effects of Arid1a loss in isogenic models. Cell lines with or without Arid1a expression were developed from respective autochthonous PDAC GEM models, compared functionally using various culture assays, and subjected to RNA-sequencing for comparative gene expression analysis. DNA damage repair was analyzed in cultured cells using immunofluorescence and COMET assay. Results: Retention of Arid1a is critical for early progression of mutant Kras-driven pre-malignant lesions into PDAC, as evident by lower Ki-67 and higher apoptosis staining in “KAC” as compared to “KC” mice. Enforced deletion of Arid1a in established PDAC cell lines caused suppression of cellular growth and migration, accompanied by compromised DNA damage repair. Despite early development of relatively indolent cystic precursor lesions called intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), a subset of “KAC” mice developed aggressive PDAC in later ages. PDAC cells obtained from older autochthonous “KAC” mice revealed various compensatory (“escaper”) mechanisms to overcome the growth suppressive effects of Arid1a loss. Conclusions: Arid1a is an essential survival gene whose loss impairs cellular growth, and thus, its expression is critical during early stages of pancreatic tumorigenesis in mouse models. In tumors that arise in the setting of ARID1A loss, a multitude of “escaper” mechanisms drive progression.
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23
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Paoli C, Carrer A. Organotypic Culture of Acinar Cells for the Study of Pancreatic Cancer Initiation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2606. [PMID: 32932616 PMCID: PMC7564199 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The carcinogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) progresses according to multi-step evolution, whereby the disease acquires increasingly aggressive pathological features. On the other hand, disease inception is poorly investigated. Decoding the cascade of events that leads to oncogenic transformation is crucial to design strategies for early diagnosis as well as to tackle tumor onset. Lineage-tracing experiments demonstrated that pancreatic cancerous lesions originate from acinar cells, a highly specialized cell type in the pancreatic epithelium. Primary acinar cells can survive in vitro as organoid-like 3D spheroids, which can transdifferentiate into cells with a clear ductal morphology in response to different cell- and non-cell-autonomous stimuli. This event, termed acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, recapitulates the histological and molecular features of disease initiation. Here, we will discuss the isolation and culture of primary pancreatic acinar cells, providing a historical and technical perspective. The impact of pancreatic cancer research will also be debated. In particular, we will dissect the roles of transcriptional, epigenetic, and metabolic reprogramming for tumor initiation and we will show how that can be modeled using ex vivo acinar cell cultures. Finally, mechanisms of PDA initiation described using organotypical cultures will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Paoli
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy;
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Carrer
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy;
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35129 Padova, Italy
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24
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Amor C, Feucht J, Leibold J, Ho YJ, Zhu C, Alonso-Curbelo D, Mansilla-Soto J, Boyer JA, Li X, Giavridis T, Kulick A, Houlihan S, Peerschke E, Friedman SL, Ponomarev V, Piersigilli A, Sadelain M, Lowe SW. Senolytic CAR T cells reverse senescence-associated pathologies. Nature 2020; 583:127-132. [PMID: 32555459 PMCID: PMC7583560 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 651] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characterized by stable cell-cycle arrest and a secretory program that modulates the tissue microenvironment1,2. Physiologically, senescence serves as a tumour-suppressive mechanism that prevents the expansion of premalignant cells3,4 and has a beneficial role in wound-healing responses5,6. Pathologically, the aberrant accumulation of senescent cells generates an inflammatory milieu that leads to chronic tissue damage and contributes to diseases such as liver and lung fibrosis, atherosclerosis, diabetes and osteoarthritis1,7. Accordingly, eliminating senescent cells from damaged tissues in mice ameliorates the symptoms of these pathologies and even promotes longevity1,2,8-10. Here we test the therapeutic concept that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells that target senescent cells can be effective senolytic agents. We identify the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR)11 as a cell-surface protein that is broadly induced during senescence and show that uPAR-specific CAR T cells efficiently ablate senescent cells in vitro and in vivo. CAR T cells that target uPAR extend the survival of mice with lung adenocarcinoma that are treated with a senescence-inducing combination of drugs, and restore tissue homeostasis in mice in which liver fibrosis is induced chemically or by diet. These results establish the therapeutic potential of senolytic CAR T cells for senescence-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Amor
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judith Feucht
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josef Leibold
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Ho
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changyu Zhu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Direna Alonso-Curbelo
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jorge Mansilla-Soto
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacob A Boyer
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theodoros Giavridis
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Kulick
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shauna Houlihan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellinor Peerschke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vladimir Ponomarev
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessandra Piersigilli
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michel Sadelain
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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25
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Mishra A, Emamgholi F, Erlangga Z, Hartleben B, Unger K, Wolff K, Teichmann U, Kessel M, Woller N, Kühnel F, Dow LE, Manns MP, Vogel A, Lowe SW, Saborowski A, Saborowski M. Generation of focal mutations and large genomic deletions in the pancreas using inducible in vivo genome editing. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:334-344. [PMID: 31170286 PMCID: PMC8204487 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond the nearly uniform presence of KRAS mutations, pancreatic cancer is increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous disease. Preclinical in vivo model systems exist, but with the advent of precision oncology, murine models with enhanced genetic flexibility are needed to functionally annotate genetic alterations found in the human malignancy. Here, we describe the generation of focal gene disruptions and large chromosomal deletions via inducible and pancreas-specific expression of Cas9 in adult mice. Experimental mice are derived on demand directly from genetically engineered embryonic stem cells, without the need for further intercrossing. To provide initial validation of our approach, we show that disruption of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Rnf43 accelerates KrasG12D-dependent tumourigenesis. Moreover, we demonstrate that this system can be used to rapidly interrogate the impact of complex cancer-associated alleles through the generation of a previously unstudied 1.2 megabase deletion surrounding the CDKN2A and CDKN2B tumour suppressors. Thus, our approach is capable of reproducibly generating biallelic and precise loss of large chromosomal fragments that, in conjunction with mutant Kras, leads to development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with full penetrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra Mishra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Emamgholi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Zulrahman Erlangga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Björn Hartleben
- Department of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Wolff
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Michael Kessel
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Norman Woller
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Kühnel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lukas E Dow
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, USA
| | - Anna Saborowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Saborowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
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26
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Adult Pancreatic Acinar Progenitor-like Populations in Regeneration and Cancer. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:758-767. [PMID: 32362534 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The bulk of the pancreas primarily comprises long-lived acinar cells that are not considered a bona fide source for stem cells. However, certain acinar subpopulations have a repopulating capacity during regeneration, raising the hypothesis as to the presence of regenerative progenitor-like populations in the adult pancreas. Here, we describe recent discoveries based on fate-mapping techniques that support the existence of progenitor-like acinar subpopulations, including active progenitor-like cells that maintain tissue homeostasis and facultative progenitor-like cells that drive tissue regeneration. A possible link between progenitor-like acinar cells and cancer initiators is proposed. Further analysis of these cellular components is needed, because it would help uncover possible cellular sources for regeneration and cancer, as well as potential targets for therapy.
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27
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28
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Hasan N, Ahuja N. The Emerging Roles of ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling Complexes in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1859. [PMID: 31769422 PMCID: PMC6966483 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive cancer with low survival rates. Genetic and epigenetic dysregulation has been associated with the initiation and progression of pancreatic tumors. Multiple studies have pointed to the involvement of aberrant chromatin modifications in driving tumor behavior. ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes regulate chromatin structure and have critical roles in stem cell maintenance, development, and cancer. Frequent mutations and chromosomal aberrations in the genes associated with subunits of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes have been detected in different cancer types. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the genomic alterations and mechanistic studies of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes in pancreatic cancer. Our review is focused on the four main subfamilies: SWItch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF), imitation SWI (ISWI), chromodomain-helicase DNA-binding protein (CHD), and INOsitol-requiring mutant 80 (INO80). Finally, we discuss potential novel treatment options that use small molecules to target these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nita Ahuja
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA;
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29
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Hessmann E, Ellenrieder V. Chromatin remodelling controls pancreatic tissue fate. Gut 2019; 68:1139-1140. [PMID: 30890543 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hessmann
- Department Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Department Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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30
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Wang SC, Nassour I, Xiao S, Zhang S, Luo X, Lee J, Li L, Sun X, Nguyen LH, Chuang JC, Peng L, Daigle S, Shen J, Zhu H. SWI/SNF component ARID1A restrains pancreatic neoplasia formation. Gut 2019; 68:1259-1270. [PMID: 30315093 PMCID: PMC6499717 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ARID1A is commonly mutated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but the functional effects of ARID1A mutations in the pancreas are unclear. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive PDAC formation may lead to novel therapies. DESIGN Concurrent conditional Arid1a deletion and Kras activation mutations were modelled in mice. Small-interfering RNA (siRNA) and CRISPR/Cas9 were used to abrogate ARID1A in human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. RESULTS We found that pancreas-specific Arid1a loss in mice was sufficient to induce inflammation, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and mucinous cysts. Concurrent Kras activation accelerated the development of cysts that resembled intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Lineage-specific Arid1a deletion confirmed compartment-specific tumour-suppressive effects. Duct-specific Arid1a loss promoted dilated ducts with occasional cyst and PDAC formation. Heterozygous acinar-specific Arid1a loss resulted in accelerated PanIN and PDAC formation with worse survival. RNA-seq showed that Arid1a loss induced gene networks associated with Myc activity and protein translation. ARID1A knockdown in human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells induced increased MYC expression and protein synthesis that was abrogated with MYC knockdown. ChIP-seq against H3K27ac demonstrated an increase in activated enhancers/promoters. CONCLUSIONS Arid1a suppresses pancreatic neoplasia in a compartment-specific manner. In duct cells, this process appears to be associated with MYC-facilitated protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam C Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA,Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ibrahim Nassour
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA,Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shu Xiao
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xin Luo
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of BioInformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jeon Lee
- Department of BioInformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xuxu Sun
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Liem H Nguyen
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Jen-Chieh Chuang
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lan Peng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Jeanne Shen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Ideno N, Yamaguchi H, Okumura T, Huang J, Brun MJ, Ho ML, Suh J, Gupta S, Maitra A, Ghosh B. A pipeline for rapidly generating genetically engineered mouse models of pancreatic cancer using in vivo CRISPR-Cas9-mediated somatic recombination. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1233-1244. [PMID: 30728464 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) that recapitulate the major genetic drivers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have provided unprecedented insights into the pathogenesis of this lethal neoplasm. Nonetheless, generating an autochthonous model is an expensive, time consuming and labor intensive process, particularly when tissue specific expression or deletion of compound alleles are involved. In addition, many of the current PDAC GEMMs cause embryonic, pancreas-wide activation or loss of driver alleles, neither of which reflects the cognate human disease scenario. The advent of CRISPR/Cas9 based gene editing can potentially circumvent many of the aforementioned shortcomings of conventional breeding schema, but ensuring the efficiency of gene editing in vivo remains a challenge. Here we have developed a pipeline for generating PDAC GEMMs of complex genotypes with high efficiency using a single "workhorse" mouse strain expressing Cas9 in the adult pancreas under a p48 promoter. Using adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated delivery of multiplexed guide RNAs (sgRNAs) to the adult murine pancreas of p48-Cre; LSL-Cas9 mice, we confirm our ability to express an oncogenic Kras G12D allele through homology-directed repair (HDR), in conjunction with CRISPR-induced disruption of cooperating alleles (Trp53, Lkb1 and Arid1A). The resulting GEMMs demonstrate a spectrum of precursor lesions (pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia [PanIN] or Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm [IPMN] with eventual progression to PDAC. Next generation sequencing of the resulting murine PDAC confirms HDR of oncogenic KrasG12D allele at the endogenous locus, and insertion deletion ("indel") and frameshift mutations of targeted tumor suppressor alleles. By using a single "workhorse" mouse strain and optimal AAV serotype for in vivo gene editing with combination of driver alleles, we present a facile autochthonous platform for interrogation of the PDAC genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Ideno
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology and Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology and Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Takashi Okumura
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology and Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathon Huang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology and Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mitchell J Brun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle L Ho
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junghae Suh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sonal Gupta
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology and Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology and Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Bidyut Ghosh
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology and Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Hung YH, Hsu MC, Chen LT, Hung WC, Pan MR. Alteration of Epigenetic Modifiers in Pancreatic Cancer and Its Clinical Implication. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060903. [PMID: 31238554 PMCID: PMC6617267 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of pancreatic cancer has considerably increased in the past decade. Pancreatic cancer has the worst prognosis among the cancers of the digestive tract because the pancreas is located in the posterior abdominal cavity, and most patients do not show clinical symptoms for early detection. Approximately 55% of all patients are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer only after the tumors metastasize. Therefore, identifying useful biomarkers for early diagnosis and screening high-risk groups are important to improve pancreatic cancer therapy. Recent emerging evidence has suggested that genetic and epigenetic alterations play a crucial role in the molecular aspects of pancreatic tumorigenesis. Here, we summarize recent progress in our understanding of the epigenetic alterations in pancreatic cancer and propose potential synthetic lethal strategies to target these genetic defects to treat this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Chuan Hsu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chun Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Ren Pan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Sen M, Wang X, Hamdan FH, Rapp J, Eggert J, Kosinsky RL, Wegwitz F, Kutschat AP, Younesi FS, Gaedcke J, Grade M, Hessmann E, Papantonis A, Strӧbel P, Johnsen SA. ARID1A facilitates KRAS signaling-regulated enhancer activity in an AP1-dependent manner in colorectal cancer cells. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:92. [PMID: 31217031 PMCID: PMC6585056 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ARID1A (AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A) is a subunit of the BAF chromatin remodeling complex and plays roles in transcriptional regulation and DNA damage response. Mutations in ARID1A that lead to inactivation or loss of expression are frequent and widespread across many cancer types including colorectal cancer (CRC). A tumor suppressor role of ARID1A has been established in a number of tumor types including CRC where the genetic inactivation of Arid1a alone led to the formation of invasive colorectal adenocarcinomas in mice. Mechanistically, ARID1A has been described to largely function through the regulation of enhancer activity. METHODS To mimic ARID1A-deficient colorectal cancer, we used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing to inactivate the ARID1A gene in established colorectal cancer cell lines. We integrated gene expression analyses with genome-wide ARID1A occupancy and epigenomic mapping data to decipher ARID1A-dependent transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. RESULTS Interestingly, we found that CRC cell lines harboring KRAS mutations are critically dependent on ARID1A function. In the absence of ARID1A, proliferation of these cell lines is severely impaired, suggesting an essential role for ARID1A in this context. Mechanistically, we showed that ARID1A acts as a co-factor at enhancers occupied by AP1 transcription factors acting downstream of the MEK/ERK pathway. Consistently, loss of ARID1A led to a disruption of KRAS/AP1-dependent enhancer activity, accompanied by a downregulation of expression of the associated target genes. CONCLUSIONS We identify a previously unknown context-dependent tumor-supporting function of ARID1A in CRC downstream of KRAS signaling. Upon the loss of ARID1A in KRAS-mutated cells, enhancers that are co-occupied by ARID1A and the AP1 transcription factors become inactive, thereby leading to decreased target gene expression. Thus, targeting of the BAF complex in KRAS-mutated CRC may offer a unique, previously unknown, context-dependent therapeutic option in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhobi Sen
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Feda H Hamdan
- Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Molecular Epigenetics Lab, Gastroenterology Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jacobe Rapp
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jessica Eggert
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robyn Laura Kosinsky
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Wegwitz
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ana Patricia Kutschat
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fereshteh S Younesi
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Gaedcke
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marian Grade
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hessmann
- Department of Gastroenterology & Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Gӧttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Argyris Papantonis
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Strӧbel
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steven A Johnsen
- Gene Regulatory Mechanisms and Molecular Epigenetics Lab, Gastroenterology Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Xu Y, Liu J, Nipper M, Wang P. Ductal vs. acinar? Recent insights into identifying cell lineage of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 2. [PMID: 31528855 DOI: 10.21037/apc.2019.06.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly disease with a 5-year survival rate of less than 8%. To date, there are no early detection methods or effective treatments available. Many questions remain to be answered in regards to the pathogenesis of PDAC, among which, the controversy over the cell lineage of PDAC demands more attention. Ductal cells were originally thought to be the cell of origin for PDAC due to the ductal morphology of most cases of PDAC. However, recent studies have demonstrated that acinar cells are more sensitive to KRAS mutation and tend to develop to PanIN and PDAC effectively, very likely by undergoing acinar to ductal metaplasia into a transient state that contributes to PDAC initiation. There is also evidence that both ductal and acinar cells can potentially develop to PDAC when exposed to certain genetic settings and stimuli, suggesting that more scrutiny is required for the identification of the true cell lineage of individual cases of PDAC. In this work, we summarize recent findings in the identification of the cellular origin of PDAC, with the goal of advancing our knowledge on the initiation and progression of the disease. We also discuss various models and techniques for investigating early events of PDAC. Better understanding of these cellular events is crucial to identify new methods for the early diagnosis and treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Michael Nipper
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Zhang Z, Hessmann E. To be or not to be. eLife 2018; 7:e38967. [PMID: 30014853 PMCID: PMC6050039 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling processes can drive acinar cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal OncologyUniversity Medical Center GoettingenGottingenGermany
| | - Elisabeth Hessmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal OncologyUniversity Medical Center GoettingenGottingenGermany
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