1
|
Gourisankar S, Krokhotin A, Ji W, Liu X, Chang CY, Kim SH, Li Z, Wenderski W, Simanauskaite JM, Yang H, Vogel H, Zhang T, Green MR, Gray NS, Crabtree GR. Author Correction: Rewiring cancer drivers to activate apoptosis. Nature 2023; 621:E27. [PMID: 37596490 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Gourisankar
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Wenzhi Ji
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford Cancer Institute, ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiaofan Liu
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford Cancer Institute, ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Samuel H Kim
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhengnian Li
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford Cancer Institute, ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Wenderski
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Haopeng Yang
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tinghu Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford Cancer Institute, ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Green
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford Cancer Institute, ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Gerald R Crabtree
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gourisankar S, Krokhotin A, Ji W, Liu X, Chang CY, Kim SH, Li Z, Wenderski W, Simanauskaite JM, Yang H, Vogel H, Zhang T, Green MR, Gray NS, Crabtree GR. Rewiring cancer drivers to activate apoptosis. Nature 2023; 620:417-425. [PMID: 37495688 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Genes that drive the proliferation, survival, invasion and metastasis of malignant cells have been identified for many human cancers1-4. Independent studies have identified cell death pathways that eliminate cells for the good of the organism5,6. The coexistence of cell death pathways with driver mutations suggests that the cancer driver could be rewired to activate cell death using chemical inducers of proximity (CIPs). Here we describe a new class of molecules called transcriptional/epigenetic CIPs (TCIPs) that recruit the endogenous cancer driver, or a downstream transcription factor, to the promoters of cell death genes, thereby activating their expression. We focused on diffuse large B cell lymphoma, in which the transcription factor B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is deregulated7. BCL6 binds to the promoters of cell death genes and epigenetically suppresses their expression8. We produced TCIPs by covalently linking small molecules that bind BCL6 to those that bind to transcriptional activators that contribute to the oncogenic program, such as BRD4. The most potent molecule, TCIP1, increases binding of BRD4 by 50% over genomic BCL6-binding sites to produce transcriptional elongation at pro-apoptotic target genes within 15 min, while reducing binding of BRD4 over enhancers by only 10%, reflecting a gain-of-function mechanism. TCIP1 kills diffuse large B cell lymphoma cell lines, including chemotherapy-resistant, TP53-mutant lines, at EC50 of 1-10 nM in 72 h and exhibits cell-specific and tissue-specific effects, capturing the combinatorial specificity inherent to transcription. The TCIP concept also has therapeutic applications in regulating the expression of genes for regenerative medicine and developmental disorders.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Humans
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Carcinogenesis/drug effects
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Gourisankar
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Wenzhi Ji
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford Cancer Institute, ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiaofan Liu
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford Cancer Institute, ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Samuel H Kim
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhengnian Li
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford Cancer Institute, ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Wenderski
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Haopeng Yang
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tinghu Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford Cancer Institute, ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Green
- Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford Cancer Institute, ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Gerald R Crabtree
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tan KT, Benedict SLH, Chang CY, Chidambaram SK, Abd Jamil I, Bahrudin MS, Kandasamy SS, Khor CS. Clinical severity of COVID-19 with omicron variant predominance in relation to vaccination status, age, comorbidities- a single center in Selangor, Malaysia. Med J Malaysia 2022; 77:558-563. [PMID: 36169066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, the rapid surge of reported COVID-19 cases attributed to the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) created an immediate concern across nations. Local information pertaining to the new variant of concern (VOC) is lacking. We aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 during a period of Omicron prevalence among patients hospitalised from February 1 to 21, 2022 at Sungai Buloh Hospital and to estimate the risks of disease progression presumably caused by this variant in association with gender, age, comorbidity, and vaccination status. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective, singlecentered, retrospective cohort study, all hospitalised adults with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, aged 18 and above, were recruited from February 1 to 21, 2022. Clinical characteristics, investigations, and outcomes were assessed. RESULTS A total of 2279 patients aged 18 years and above with laboratory-proven COVID-19 were recruited and analysed, excluding 32 patients owing to incomplete data. Majority of the study population had a mean age of 41.8 ± 17.7, was female-predominant (1329/2279, 58.6%), had completed a primary series of vaccination with a booster (1103/2279, 48.4%), and had no underlying medical conditions (1529/2279, 67.4%). The risk of COVID-19-related disease progression was significantly lower in hospitalised patients under the age of 50 who were female, had no comorbidity, and had completed two doses of the primary series with or without a booster. [respectively, OR 7.94 (95% CI 6.16, 10.23); 1.68 (1.34, 2,12); 2.44 (1.85, 3.22); 2.56 (1.65, 3.97), p< 0.001]. CONCLUSION During the period of Omicron prevalence, a favourable outcome of COVID-19 was strongly associated with female gender, age below 50, a comorbidity-free condition, and having completed immunization. With this new observation, it could help improve public health planning and clinical management in response to the emergence of the latest VOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K T Tan
- Sungai Buloh Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - S L H Benedict
- Sungai Buloh Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - C Y Chang
- Sungai Buloh Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S K Chidambaram
- Sungai Buloh Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - I Abd Jamil
- Sungai Buloh Hospital, Department of Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M S Bahrudin
- Sungai Buloh Hospital, Department of Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S S Kandasamy
- Sungai Buloh Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - C S Khor
- Sungai Buloh Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chang CY, Chin HH, Chin PW, Zaid M. Cold agglutinin-mediated autoimmune haemolytic anaemia associated with COVID-19 infection: a case report. Hong Kong Med J 2022; 28:257-259. [PMID: 35485209 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj219828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chang
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - H H Chin
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Enche' Besar Hajjah Kalsom, Kluang, Johor, Malaysia
| | - P W Chin
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Enche' Besar Hajjah Kalsom, Kluang, Johor, Malaysia
| | - M Zaid
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chang CY, Gan YL, Lio JY, Radhakrishnan AP. Invasive salmonella enteritidis infection complicated by colonic perforations and pancytopenia: A case report. Med J Malaysia 2022; 77:264-266. [PMID: 35338642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Salmonellosis caused by bacterial genus Salmonella is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Salmonellae can be divided into typhoidal serotypes (S. enterica ser. Typhi and S. enterica ser. Paratyphi A) and nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) serotypes. The two most common NTS serotypes isolated from human sources were S. enterica ser. Typhimurium and S. enterica ser. Enteritidis. NTS infection can present with diverse clinical manifestations, including gastroenteritis, bacteraemia, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and endovascular infection. Intestinal perforation is an extremely rare and potentially fatal complication of severe salmonella infection. Herein, we report a case of invasive S. Enteritidis infection complicated by colonic perforation and pancytopenia. Following a colonic resection, the patient received a prolonged course of antimicrobial therapy and eventually recovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chang
- Hospital Selayang, Medical Department, Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Y L Gan
- Hospital Selayang, Medical Department, Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - J Y Lio
- Hospital Selayang, Medical Department, Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A P Radhakrishnan
- Hospital Selayang, Medical Department, Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chang
- Medical Department, Hospital Selayang, Selayang-Kepong Highway, 68100 Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chang CY, Shipony Z, Lin SG, Kuo A, Xiong X, Loh KM, Greenleaf WJ, Crabtree GR. Increased ACTL6A occupancy within mSWI/SNF chromatin remodelers drives human squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4964-4978.e8. [PMID: 34687603 PMCID: PMC8761479 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin remodelers play dosage-sensitive roles in many human malignancies and neurologic disorders. The gene encoding the BAF subunit actin-like 6a (ACTL6A) is amplified early in the development of many squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), but its oncogenic role remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that ACTL6A overexpression leads to its stoichiometric assembly into BAF complexes and drives their interaction and engagement with specific regulatory regions in the genome. In normal epithelial cells, ACTL6A was substoichiometric to other BAF subunits. However, increased ACTL6A levels by ectopic expression or in SCC cells led to near saturation of ACTL6A within BAF complexes. Increased ACTL6A occupancy enhanced polycomb opposition genome-wide to activate SCC genes and facilitated the co-dependent loading of BAF and TEAD-YAP complexes on chromatin. Both mechanisms appeared to be critical and function as a molecular AND gate for SCC initiation and maintenance, thereby explaining the specificity of the role of ACTL6A amplification in SCCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Ying Chang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zohar Shipony
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sherry G Lin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ann Kuo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaochen Xiong
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kyle M Loh
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William J Greenleaf
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gerald R Crabtree
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lo YH, Kolahi KS, Du Y, Chang CY, Krokhotin A, Nair A, Sobba WD, Karlsson K, Jones SJ, Longacre TA, Mah AT, Tercan B, Sockell A, Xu H, Seoane JA, Chen J, Shmulevich I, Weissman JS, Curtis C, Califano A, Fu H, Crabtree GR, Kuo CJ. A CRISPR/Cas9-Engineered ARID1A-Deficient Human Gastric Cancer Organoid Model Reveals Essential and Nonessential Modes of Oncogenic Transformation. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:1562-1581. [PMID: 33451982 PMCID: PMC8346515 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in ARID1A rank among the most common molecular aberrations in human cancer. However, oncogenic consequences of ARID1A mutation in human cells remain poorly defined due to lack of forward genetic models. Here, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ARID1A knockout (KO) in primary TP53-/- human gastric organoids induced morphologic dysplasia, tumorigenicity, and mucinous differentiation. Genetic WNT/β-catenin activation rescued mucinous differentiation, but not hyperproliferation, suggesting alternative pathways of ARID1A KO-mediated transformation. ARID1A mutation induced transcriptional regulatory modules characteristic of microsatellite instability and Epstein-Barr virus-associated subtype human gastric cancer, including FOXM1-associated mitotic genes and BIRC5/survivin. Convergently, high-throughput compound screening indicated selective vulnerability of ARID1A-deficient organoids to inhibition of BIRC5/survivin, functionally implicating this pathway as an essential mediator of ARID1A KO-dependent early-stage gastric tumorigenesis. Overall, we define distinct pathways downstream of oncogenic ARID1A mutation, with nonessential WNT-inhibited mucinous differentiation in parallel with essential transcriptional FOXM1/BIRC5-stimulated proliferation, illustrating the general utility of organoid-based forward genetic cancer analysis in human cells. SIGNIFICANCE: We establish the first human forward genetic modeling of a commonly mutated tumor suppressor gene, ARID1A. Our study integrates diverse modalities including CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, organoid culture, systems biology, and small-molecule screening to derive novel insights into early transformation mechanisms of ARID1A-deficient gastric cancers.See related commentary by Zafra and Dow, p. 1327.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1307.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hung Lo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kevin S Kolahi
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chiung-Ying Chang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Andrey Krokhotin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ajay Nair
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Walter D Sobba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kasper Karlsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Sunny J Jones
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Teri A Longacre
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Amanda T Mah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Bahar Tercan
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alexandra Sockell
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Hang Xu
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jose A Seoane
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jin Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Department of Pharmacology and Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Christina Curtis
- Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gerald R Crabtree
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chang CY. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma presenting with pleural effusion. QJM 2021; 114:55. [PMID: 32330273 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chang
- Department of General Medicine, Kapit Hospital, Jalan Mamora, Kapit, Sarawak 96800, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chang CY, Husseini JS, Moreira A, Simeone FJ, Yee AJ, Bredella MA, Hasserjian R. CT-guided bone marrow aspirations and biopsies: retrospective study and comparison with blind procedures. Skeletal Radiol 2020; 49:1285-1294. [PMID: 32232499 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-020-03423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the pathology results of CT-guided and blind bone marrow aspirations and biopsies. METHODS Ninety-eight consecutive CT-guided biopsies and 98 age- and gender-matched blind (non-CT-guided) posterior iliac crest bone marrow aspirations and biopsies performed in 2017 were reviewed for adequacy of core biopsies and aspirate smears. CT procedure images and CT abdomen/pelvis images were reviewed to evaluate anatomic features of the posterior ilium and soft tissues. Statistical analysis was performed using a T test, Fisher exact test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the age and gender of the two groups (p > 0.05). However, the CT-guided group had a higher BMI (p = 0.0049) and posterior soft tissue thickness (p = 0.0016). More CT-guided biopsy samples (CT 93 (95%); blind 77 (79%); p = 0.0006) and aspirate smears (CT 90 (92%); blind 78 (80%); p = 0.042) were categorized as adequate. The CT-guided group had longer core lengths (CT 1.4 ± 0.6 (range 0.3-3.5) cm; blind 1.0 ± 0.60 (range 0-2.6) cm; p = 0.0001). Overall, 131/164 (80%) of the cases had at least one of the described features (slanted posterior ilium (angle > 30°), 30%; rounded posterior ilium, 20%; thick posterior ilium cortex, 13%; focal lesion in posterior ilium, 12%; prior procedure in posterior ilium, 5%; posterior soft tissue thickness > 3 cm, 40%). CONCLUSION CT-guided bone marrow procedures were more likely to result in both adequate aspirate smears and biopsy samples and longer core lengths when compared with blind procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chang
- Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - J S Husseini
- Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Moreira
- Department of Radiology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - F J Simeone
- Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A J Yee
- Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M A Bredella
- Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R Hasserjian
- Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chory EJ, Kirkland JG, Chang CY, D’Andrea VD, Gourisankar S, Dykhuizen EC, Crabtree GR. Chemical Inhibitors of a Selective SWI/SNF Function Synergize with ATR Inhibition in Cancer Cell Killing. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1685-1696. [PMID: 32369697 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SWI/SNF (BAF) complexes are a diverse family of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers produced by combinatorial assembly that are mutated in and thought to contribute to 20% of human cancers and a large number of neurologic diseases. The gene-activating functions of BAF complexes are essential for viability of many cell types, limiting the development of small molecule inhibitors. To circumvent the potential toxicity of SWI/SNF inhibition, we identified small molecules that inhibit the specific repressive function of these complexes but are relatively nontoxic and importantly synergize with ATR inhibitors in killing cancer cells. Our studies suggest an avenue for therapeutic enhancement of ATR/ATM inhibition and provide evidence for chemical synthetic lethality of BAF complexes as a therapeutic strategy in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma J. Chory
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Departments of Developmental Biology and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jacob G. Kirkland
- Departments of Developmental Biology and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Chiung-Ying Chang
- Departments of Developmental Biology and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Vincent D. D’Andrea
- Departments of Developmental Biology and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sai Gourisankar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Departments of Developmental Biology and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Emily C. Dykhuizen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Gerald R. Crabtree
- Departments of Developmental Biology and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chang CY, Abujaber S, Pany MJ, Obermeyer Z. Are vital sign abnormalities associated with poor outcomes after emergency department discharge? Acute Med 2019; 18:88-95. [PMID: 31127797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To examine association between vital sign abnormalities in the emergency department (ED) and early death after ED discharge, we performed a matched case-control study. Conditional logistic regression showed that presence of any vital sign abnormality at ED discharge was significantly associated with over three-fold increase in likelihood of death within 15 days of ED discharge (OR: 3.06, 95%CI: 2.81-4.48). Even small changes were associated with increased risk: every additional beat increase in heart rate conferred additional risk (OR: 1.04, 95%CI: 1.02-1.06), while every additional oxygen saturation percentage point was protective (0.89, 0.80-0.98). However, none of these vital sign abnormalities was a good predictor of early death; there was poor discrimination and substantial overlap in values between cases and controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S Abujaber
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M J Pany
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Z Obermeyer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chang CY, Yuan FG. Extraction of guided wave dispersion curve in isotropic and anisotropic materials by Matrix Pencil method. Ultrasonics 2018; 89:143-154. [PMID: 29803979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Guided wave dispersion curves in isotropic and anisotropic materials are extracted automatically from measured data by Matrix Pencil (MP) method investigating through k-t or x-ω domain with a broadband signal. A piezoelectric wafer emits a broadband excitation, linear chirp signal to generate guided waves in the plate. The propagating waves are measured at discrete locations along the lines for one-dimensional laser Doppler vibrometer (1-D LDV). Measurements are first Fourier transformed into either wavenumber-time k-t domain or space-frequency x-ω domain. MP method is then employed to extract the dispersion curves explicitly associated with different wave modes. In addition, the phase and group velocity are deduced by the relations between wavenumbers and frequencies. In this research, the inspections for dispersion relations on an aluminum plate by MP method from k-t or x-ω domain are demonstrated and compared with two-dimensional Fourier transform (2-D FFT). Other experiments on a thicker aluminum plate for higher modes and a composite plate are analyzed by MP method. Extracted relations of composite plate are confirmed by three-dimensional (3-D) theoretical curves computed numerically. The results explain that the MP method not only shows more accuracy for distinguishing the dispersion curves on isotropic material, but also obtains good agreements with theoretical curves on anisotropic and laminated materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; Integrated System Health Management Laboratory ISHM, National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, United States
| | - F G Yuan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; Integrated System Health Management Laboratory ISHM, National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fan CC, Chiu YC, Liu C, Lai WW, Cheng CH, Lin DL, Li GR, Lo YH, Chang CW, Tsai CC, Chang CY. The Impact of the Shallow-Trench Isolation Effect on Flicker Noise of Source Follower MOSFETs in a CMOS Image Sensor. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2018; 18:4217-4221. [PMID: 29442765 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2018.15239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The flicker noise of source follower transistors is the dominant noise source in image sensors. This paper reports a systematic study of the shallow trench isolation effect in transistors with different sizes under high temperature conditions that correspond to the quantity of empty defect sites. The effects of shallow trench isolation sidewall defects on flicker noise characteristics are investigated. In addition, the low-frequency noise and subthreshold swing degrade simultaneously in accordance to the device gate width scaling. Both serious subthreshold leakage and considerable noise can be attributed to the high trap density near the STI edge. Consequently, we propose a coincidental relationship between the noise level and the subthreshold characteristic; its trend is identical to the experiments and simulation results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Fan
- Department of Electronics Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
| | - Y C Chiu
- Department of Electronics Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
| | - C Liu
- Department of Electro-Physics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
| | - W W Lai
- Department of Electronics Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
| | - C H Cheng
- Department of Mechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - D L Lin
- Himax Technologies, Inc., Tainan City 74148, Taiwan
| | - G R Li
- Himax Technologies, Inc., Tainan City 74148, Taiwan
| | - Y H Lo
- Himax Technologies, Inc., Tainan City 74148, Taiwan
| | - C W Chang
- Himax Technologies, Inc., Tainan City 74148, Taiwan
| | - C C Tsai
- Himax Technologies, Inc., Tainan City 74148, Taiwan
| | - C Y Chang
- Department of Electronics Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ohshio G, Yamaki K, Imamura T, Suwa H, Chang CY, Wada H, Sueno Y, Imamura M. Distribution of the Carbohydrate Antigens, Du-Pan-2 and Ca19-9, in Tumors of the Lung. Tumori 2018; 81:67-73. [PMID: 7754546 DOI: 10.1177/030089169508100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background The carbohydrate chains of malignant cells appear to be related to oncofetal differentiation. The serum levels of CA19-9 have been reported to be evaluated in some patients with lung carcinomas, however, the distribution of carbohydrate antigens were not precisely described. We have investigated in this study the distribution of DU-PAN-2 and CA19-9 antigens in lung tumors. Methods Ninety five specimens of lung tumors were selected from surgical specimens. The expression of DU-PAN-2 and CA19-9 were studied by immunohystochemical techniques. The relationship between the expression of these antigens and the classification or the differentiation degree of the tumors were examined. Results DU-PAN-2 or CA19-9 antigens were detected in 41 (54%) and 45 (59%) cases of the 76 malignant epithelial tumors investigated. These antigens were detected in all types of malignant epithelial tumors, including squamous cell carcinomas, where they were mainly localized to the entire cell surface of malignant cells. In adenocarcinomas, large cell carcinomas and small cell carcinomas, however, these antigens were commonly detected both on the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm. There was positive correlation between the degree of differentiation and DU-PAN-2, but not CA19-9 expression. Among the non-epithelial tumors investigated, those antigens were detected in pulmonary blastomas but not in mesotheliomas. Conclusions Immunohistochemical studies for DU-PAN-2 and CA19-9 are useful for defining characteristics of the lung tumors. DU-PAN-2 could be a marker for differentiating between malignant epithelial tumors and mesotheliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Ohshio
- Department of Surgery and Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Choi D, Wishon MJ, Chang CY, Citrin DS, Locquet A. Multistate intermittency on the route to chaos of a semiconductor laser subjected to optical feedback from a long external cavity. Chaos 2018; 28:011102. [PMID: 29390638 DOI: 10.1063/1.5013332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We observe experimentally two regimes of intermittency on the route to chaos of a semiconductor laser subjected to optical feedback from a long external cavity as the feedback level is increased. The first regime encountered corresponds to multistate intermittency involving two or three states composed of several combinations of periodic, quasiperiodic, and subharmonic dynamics. The second regime is observed for larger feedback levels and involves intermittency between period-doubled and chaotic regimes. This latter type of intermittency displays statistical properties similar to those of on-off intermittency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daeyoung Choi
- Georgia Tech-CNRS UMI 2958, Georgia Tech Lorraine, 2 Rue Marconi, F-57070 Metz, France
| | - Michael J Wishon
- Georgia Tech-CNRS UMI 2958, Georgia Tech Lorraine, 2 Rue Marconi, F-57070 Metz, France
| | - C Y Chang
- Georgia Tech-CNRS UMI 2958, Georgia Tech Lorraine, 2 Rue Marconi, F-57070 Metz, France
| | - D S Citrin
- Georgia Tech-CNRS UMI 2958, Georgia Tech Lorraine, 2 Rue Marconi, F-57070 Metz, France
| | - A Locquet
- Georgia Tech-CNRS UMI 2958, Georgia Tech Lorraine, 2 Rue Marconi, F-57070 Metz, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Le AK, Zhao C, Hoang JK, Tran SA, Chang CY, Jin M, Nguyen NH, Yasukawa LA, Zhang JQ, Weber SC, Garcia G, Nguyen MH. Ethnic disparities in progression to advanced liver disease and overall survival in patients with chronic hepatitis C: impact of a sustained virological response. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 46:605-616. [PMID: 28766727 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A sustained virological response (SVR) is associated with improved outcomes, however, its impact on different ethnic groups is unknown. AIM To evaluate ethnic differences in the natural history of CHC and the impact of SVR. METHODS We conducted a cohort study of 8039 consecutive adult CHC patients seen at two medical centres in California between January 1997 and June 2016. Individual chart review confirmed CHC diagnosis. RESULTS Asian and Hispanic but not African American patients had significantly higher cirrhosis and HCC incidence than Caucasians. On multivariate analysis, Hispanic ethnicity was independently associated with increased cirrhosis (adjusted HR 1.37, CI, confidence interval 1.10-1.71, P=.006) and HCC risk (adjusted HR 1.47, CI 1.13-1.92, P=.004) compared to Caucasian. Asian ethnicity had a significant association with cirrhosis (adjusted HR 1.28, CI 1.02-1.61, P=.034) and HCC risk (adjusted HR 1.29, CI 0.94-1.77, P=.025). In patients who achieved SVR, Hispanic ethnicity was no longer independently associated with cirrhosis (adjusted HR 1.76, CI 0.66-4.71, P=.26) or HCC (adjusted HR 1.05, CI 0.27-4.08, P=.94); nor was Asian ethnicity (adjusted HR 0.62, CI 0.21-1.82, P=.38 for cirrhosis; 2.01, CI 0.63-6.36, P=.24 for HCC). Similar findings were observed with overall survival among the ethnicities by SVR status. CONCLUSION Hispanic and Asian ethnicity was independently associated with increased cirrhosis and HCC risk. Achieving an SVR eliminates the ethnic disparity in liver disease progression and overall survival between Hispanic and Asian vs Caucasian CHC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Le
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - C Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Cirrhosis, Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - J K Hoang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - S A Tran
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - C Y Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Jin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - N H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - L A Yasukawa
- Center for Clinical Informatics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - J Q Zhang
- Chinese Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S C Weber
- Center for Clinical Informatics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - G Garcia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - M H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Miller EL, Hargreaves DC, Kadoch C, Chang CY, Calarco JP, Hodges C, Buenrostro JD, Cui K, Greenleaf WJ, Zhao K, Crabtree GR. TOP2 synergizes with BAF chromatin remodeling for both resolution and formation of facultative heterochromatin. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2017; 24:344-352. [PMID: 28250416 PMCID: PMC5395302 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Resolution and formation of facultative heterochromatin is essential to development, reprogramming, and oncogenesis. The mechanisms underlying these changes are poorly understood due to the inability to study heterochromatin dynamics and structure in vivo. We devised an in vivo approach to investigate these mechanisms and found that topoisomerase II (TOP2), but not TOP1, synergizes with BAF (mSWI/SNF) ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes genome-wide to resolve facultative heterochromatin to accessible chromatin independent of transcription, indicating that changes in DNA topology through (de-)catenation rather than release of torsional stress through swiveling is necessary for heterochromatin resolution. In turn, TOP2 and BAF cooperate to recruit pluripotency factors, explaining some of the instructive roles of BAF complexes. Unexpectedly, we found that TOP2, also plays a role in the reformation of facultative heterochromatin, suggesting that facultative heterochromatin and accessible chromatin exist at different states of catenation or other topologies, which may be critical to their structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik L Miller
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Diana C Hargreaves
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Cigall Kadoch
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chiung-Ying Chang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Joseph P Calarco
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Courtney Hodges
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jason D Buenrostro
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kairong Cui
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William J Greenleaf
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Keji Zhao
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gerald R Crabtree
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
For dental orthodontic applications, NiTi wires are used under bending conditions in the oral environment for a long period. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bending stress on the corrosion of NiTi wires using potentiodynamic and potentiostatic tests in artificial saliva. The results indicated that bending stress induces a higher corrosion rate of NiTi wires in passive regions. It is suggested that the passive oxide film of specimens would be damaged under bending conditions. Auger electron spectroscopic analysis showed a lower thickness of passive films on stressed NiTi wires compared with unstressed specimens in the passive region. By scanning electron microscopy, localized corrosion was observed on stressed Sentalloy specimens after a potentiodynamic test at pH 2. In conclusion, this study indicated that bending stress changed the corrosion properties and surface characteristics of NiTi wires in a simulated intra-oral environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I H Liu
- Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lutchman G, Nguyen NH, Chang CY, Ahmed A, Daugherty T, Garcia G, Kumari R, Gupta S, Doshi D, Nguyen MH. Effectiveness and tolerability of simeprevir and sofosbuvir in nontransplant and post-liver transplant patients with hepatitis C genotype 1. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44:738-46. [PMID: 27506182 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus genotype 1a (HCV-1a), prior treatment, cirrhosis and post-transplant status are historically associated with poor treatment responses. The new oral direct-acting agents appear to be effective and safe in these patients. AIMS To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of simeprevir and sofosbuvir in a diverse real-life cohort of patients, including difficult-to-treat patients. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 198 consecutive patients with hepatitis C genotype 1 (148 nontransplant, 50 post transplant), who were treated with simeprevir and sofosbuvir for 12 weeks between December 2013 and December 2014. Primary outcome was sustained virological response with undetectable HCV RNA 12 weeks after completion of therapy (SVR12). Risk factors evaluated for lack of SVR12 included HCV 1a (vs. 1b), prior treatment (vs. none), and cirrhosis (vs. no cirrhosis). RESULTS SVR12 rates were similar in non- and post-transplant settings, 82% and 88%, respectively. There were no significant differences in adverse events in patients regardless of cirrhosis or transplant status. On multivariate analysis also inclusive of gender and liver transplant status, negative predictors of SVR12 were having at least 2 or 3 risk factors (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.10-0.87, P = 0.027 or 0.29, 95% CI 0.09-0.85, P = 0.025, respectively). CONCLUSION Simeprevir and sofosbuvir combination is a safe and effective regimen for the treatment of non- and post-transplant patients with traditional risk factors for poor treatment response, unless more than 2 difficult-to-treat risk factors are present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Lutchman
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liver Transplant Program, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - N H Nguyen
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C Y Chang
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liver Transplant Program, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - A Ahmed
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liver Transplant Program, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - T Daugherty
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liver Transplant Program, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - G Garcia
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liver Transplant Program, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - R Kumari
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liver Transplant Program, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - S Gupta
- Medical Affairs, Janssen Scientific Affairs, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - D Doshi
- Health Economics & Outcomes Research, Janssen Scientific Affairs, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - M H Nguyen
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Liver Transplant Program, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chiou SY, Lee RC, Chi KH, Chia-Hsien Cheng J, Chiang JH, Chang CY. The triple-phase CT image appearance of post-irradiated livers. Acta Radiol 2016; 42:526-31. [PMID: 11552892 DOI: 10.1080/028418501127347115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the sequential CT appearance of the liver after hepatic irradiation and to investigate the correlation between CT findings and radiation-induced hepatic injury. Material and Methods: The triple-phase CT images of 18 patients with hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) after hepatic irradiation were retrospectively reviewed (in total 41 CT studies). The high-dose region within the liver was defined as the area receiving more than 90% of the prescribed irradiation dose. The mean radiation dose was 55.5 Gy. Density changes and patterns of enhancement in the high-dose region were classified as three types: type I, constant low-density change in all phases; type II, low-density change in both pre-contrast and arterial phases, and iso-density change in the portal phase; type III, low- or iso-density change in the pre-contrast phase, low- or high-density change in the arterial phase, and persistent high-density change in the portal phase. The interval between completion of radiotherapy and the CT examinations ranged from 9 to 469 days, with a mean of 147 days. Results: Nine of the 41 CT studies presented with type I, 9 with type II, and 16 with type III CT findings. The mean interval between completion of radiotherapy and the appearance of types I, II, and III CT findings were 74, 183, and 220 days, respectively. The interval was significantly shorter for type I findings than for type II and type III. The difference in interval was not significant between type II and type III. A type I finding with constant low-density change in the high-dose region of the liver was the most common pattern of CT findings within the first 3 months after hepatic irradiation. Either types II or III findings were frequently seen after 3 months. Conclusion: The sequential CT appearance and the density changes may indicate correlation with the pathogenesis of veno-occlusive disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Y Chiou
- Department of Radiology, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Choi D, Wishon MJ, Barnoud J, Chang CY, Bouazizi Y, Locquet A, Citrin DS. Low-frequency fluctuations in an external-cavity laser leading to extreme events. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:042216. [PMID: 27176302 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.042216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigate the dynamical regimes of a laser diode subject to external optical feedback in light of extreme-event (EE) analysis. We observe EEs in the low-frequency fluctuations (LFFs) regime. This number decreases to negligible values when the laser transitions towards fully developed coherence collapse as the injection current is increased. Moreover, we show that EEs observed in the LFF regime are linked to high-frequency pulsing events observed after a power dropout. Finally, we prove experimentally that the observation of EEs in the LFF regimes is robust to changes in operational parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daeyoung Choi
- UMI 2958 Georgia Tech-CNRS, Georgia Tech Lorraine, 2 Rue Marconi F-57070, Metz, France
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0250, USA
| | - Michael J Wishon
- UMI 2958 Georgia Tech-CNRS, Georgia Tech Lorraine, 2 Rue Marconi F-57070, Metz, France
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0250, USA
| | - J Barnoud
- UMI 2958 Georgia Tech-CNRS, Georgia Tech Lorraine, 2 Rue Marconi F-57070, Metz, France
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0250, USA
| | - C Y Chang
- UMI 2958 Georgia Tech-CNRS, Georgia Tech Lorraine, 2 Rue Marconi F-57070, Metz, France
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, USA
| | - Y Bouazizi
- UMI 2958 Georgia Tech-CNRS, Georgia Tech Lorraine, 2 Rue Marconi F-57070, Metz, France
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0250, USA
| | - A Locquet
- UMI 2958 Georgia Tech-CNRS, Georgia Tech Lorraine, 2 Rue Marconi F-57070, Metz, France
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0250, USA
| | - D S Citrin
- UMI 2958 Georgia Tech-CNRS, Georgia Tech Lorraine, 2 Rue Marconi F-57070, Metz, France
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0250, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Venmathi Maran BA, Soh HY, Hwang UW, Chang CY, Myoung JG. First records of parasitic copepods (Crustacea, Siphonostomatoida) from marine fishes in Korea. Trop Biomed 2015; 32:352-364. [PMID: 26691264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of the biodiversity of parasitic copepods in South Korea is increasing. Interestingly we report here, some parasitic copepods considered as the first record of findings from Korea. Nine species of parasitic copepods (Siphonostomatoida) including six genera of three different families [Caligidae (7), Lernaeopodidae (1), Lernanthropidae (1)] were recovered from eight species of wild fishes in Korea: 1) Caligus hoplognathi Yamaguti & Yamasu, 1959 (♀, ♂) from the body surface of barred knifejaw Oplegnathus fasciatus (Temminck & Schlegel); 2) Caligus lagocephali Pillai, 1961 (♀) from the gills of panther puffer Takifugu pardalis (Temminck & Schlegel); 3) Euryphorus brachypterus (Gerstaecker, 1853) (♀, ♂) from the opercular cavity of Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus); 4) Euryphorus nordmanni Milne Edwards, 1840 (♀, ♂) from the opercular cavity of common dolphin fish Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus; 5) Gloiopotes huttoni (Thomson) (♀, ♂) from the body surface of black marlin Istiompax indica (Cuvier); 6) Lepeophtheirus hapalogenyos Yamaguti & Yamasu, 1959 (♀) from the gill filaments of O. fasciatus; 7) Lepeophtheirus sekii Yamaguti, 1936 (♀, ♂) from the body surface of red seabream Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel); 8) Brachiella thynni Cuvier, 1830 (♀) from the body surface of longfin tuna or albacore Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre); 9) Lernanthropinus sphyraenae (Yamaguti & Yamasu, 1959) (♀) from the gill filaments of moon fish Mene maculata (Bloch & Schneider). Since the female was already reported in Korea, it is a new record for the male of C. hoplognathi. A checklist for the parasitic copepods of the family Caligidae, Lernaeopodidae and Lernanthropidae of Korea is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B A Venmathi Maran
- Biological Oceanography & Marine Biology Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, 787 Haean-ro, Ansan 426-744, Republic of Korea
| | - H Y Soh
- Faculty of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University, 50 Daehak-ro, Yeosu, Jeollanam-do 550-749, Republic of Korea
| | - U W Hwang
- Department of Biology, Teachers College and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Deagu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - C Y Chang
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712-714, Republic of Korea
| | - J G Myoung
- Biological Oceanography & Marine Biology Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, 787 Haean-ro, Ansan 426-744, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tseng TM, Chen PY, Tseng H, Lin HC, Chang CY, Hung SH. An unexpected route for otolaryngology bacterial contamination with a Venturi atomizer. Rhinology 2014; 52:156-161. [PMID: 24932628 DOI: 10.4193/rhino13.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Venturi-principle atomizer is a commonly used device in otolaryngology practices. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possible route of bacterial contamination from the nasal vestibule to the atomizer tip through the jet airflow created during the use of the Venturi atomizer. METHODS Thirty nostrils from 15 enrolled volunteers were tested. The aerosols generated by spraying sterilized saline into the nostrils were collected using a specially made aerosol-collecting nozzle cap. The collected samples were sent for bacterial culture, and nasal vestibular swab cultures were performed for comparison. RESULTS In the aerosol-exposed group, 18 out of 30 samples (60%) were positive for bacterial growth, confirming the bacterial contamination from the nasal vestibule to the atomizer tip through the reverse jet airflow. The bacteria species in 8 of the 18 positive samples were identical to those from the nasal swab culture results from the same nostril. CONCLUSION In ordinary otolaryngology practices, there are significant risks for bacterial contamination from the nasal vestibule to the tip of the Venturi atomizer even without direct contact. Clinicians must be more aware of this pattern of contamination, which has not been reported in the existing literature.
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang HS, Chen IC, Lee YT, Lee KC, Chuang YC, Chang CY, Wei J. Cardiac transplantation and concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting: our experiences in 11 cases. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:900-2. [PMID: 24767376 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.11.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The shortage of donor hearts for transplantation could be alleviated by including the hearts of older donors. Previous literature revealed similar early and medium-term survival outcomes compared with those of younger donors. This study presents our experience with patients who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation and concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting at our institution. METHODS We present our experience with 11 patients with end-stage cardiomyopathy (8 men and 3 women) undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation and concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting from September 2002 to November 2011 at our institute. RESULTS All 11 donor organs would otherwise have been rejected, depriving potential recipients of organ transplantation. Two patients received concurrent 2-coronary-artery bypass, and the other 9 patients received concurrent single-coronary-artery bypass during orthotopic heart transplantation. All patients had an uneventful postoperative course, with follow-up completed 3 to 128 months after cardiac transplantation and concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. CONCLUSIONS Our experiences suggest that donor hearts requiring coronary artery bypass grafting, which form a small but significant donor subgroup, can be used effectively and safely when matched to the recipients' age and medical condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Yang
- Heart Center, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - I C Chen
- Heart Center, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Y T Lee
- Heart Center, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - K C Lee
- Heart Center, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Y C Chuang
- Heart Center, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - C Y Chang
- Heart Center, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - J Wei
- Heart Center, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lin CJ, Wu TH, Lin CH, Hung SC, Chiu CF, Liu MJ, Teng MMH, Chang FC, Guo WY, Chang CY. Can iterative reconstruction improve imaging quality for lower radiation CT perfusion? Initial experience. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 34:1516-21. [PMID: 23578678 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Initial results using IR for CT of the head showed satisfactory subjective and objective imaging quality with a 20-40% radiation dose reduction. The aim of our study was to compare the influence of IR and FBP algorithms on perfusion parameters at standard and lowered doses of CTP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty patients with unilateral carotid stenosis post-carotid stent placement referred for follow-up CTP were divided into 2 groups (tube currents were 100 mAs in group A and 80 mAs in group B). Datasets were reconstructed with IR and FBP algorithms; and SNRs of gray matter, white matter, and arterial and venous ROIs were compared. CBF, CBV, and MTT means and SNRs were evaluated by using linear regression, and qualitative imaging scores were compared across the 2 algorithms. RESULTS The mean effective radiation dose of group B (2.06 mSv) was approximately 20% lower than that of group A (2.56 mSv). SNRs for ROIs in the dynamic contrast-enhanced images were significantly higher than those for the FBP images. Correlations of the SNRs for CBF, CBV, and MTT across the 2 algorithms were moderate (R² = 0.46, 0.23, and 0.44, respectively). ROIs in gray matter rather than the IR algorithm predicted increasing SNRs in all CBF, CBV, and MTT maps. Two cases of significant restenosis were confirmed in both algorithms. CBV, CBF, and MTT imaging scores did not differ significantly across algorithms or groups. CONCLUSIONS Lower dose CTP (20% below normal dose) without IR can effectively identify oligemic tissue in poststenting follow-up. IR does not alter the absolute values or increase the SNRs of perfusion parameters. Other methods should be attempted to improve SNRs in settings with low tube currents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Lin
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang KW, Chueh LL, Wang MH, Huang YT, Fang BH, Chang CY, Fang MC, Chou JY, Hsieh SC, Wan CH. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of minute virus of mice and mouse parvovirus infections in laboratory mice. Lab Anim 2013; 47:116-21. [PMID: 23492514 DOI: 10.1177/0023677213478298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mouse parvoviruses are among the most prevalent infectious pathogens in contemporary mouse colonies. To improve the efficiency of routine screening for mouse parvovirus infections, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the VP gene was developed. The assay detected minute virus of mice (MVM), mouse parvovirus (MPV) and a mouse housekeeping gene (α-actin) and was able to specifically detect MVM and MPV at levels as low as 50 copies. Co-infection with the two viruses with up to 200-fold differences in viral concentrations can easily be detected. The multiplex PCR assay developed here could be a useful tool for monitoring mouse health and the viral contamination of biological materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K W Wang
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chang CC, Chang HC, Wu CH, Chang CY, Liao CC, Chen TL. Adverse postoperative outcomes in surgical patients with immune thrombocytopenia. Br J Surg 2013; 100:684-92; discussion 693. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are likely to have various medical co-morbidities, yet their global features regarding adverse postoperative outcomes and use of medical resources when undergoing major surgery are unknown. The objective of this study was to validate whether ITP is an independent risk factor for adverse postoperative outcomes, and to explore the potential clinical predictors of outcomes after major surgery among patients with ITP.
Methods
A retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, controlling for preoperative co-morbidities by means of multiple logistic regression. Major postoperative complication and mortality rates, and in-hospital medical costs were analysed.
Results
The study included 11 085 surgical patients with ITP and 44 340 controls without ITP matched for sex, age, and type of surgery and anaesthesia. Surgical patients with ITP had a higher risk of postoperative death (odds ratio (OR) 1·89, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·57 to 2·27), and overall postoperative complications (OR 1·47, 1·39 to 1·56), and increased hospital stay (OR 1·90, 1·80 to 2·01), admission to the intensive care unit (OR 1·73, 1·63 to 1·83) and medical costs (OR 1·89, 1·79 to 1·99). Amount of preoperative platelet and/or red blood cell transfusion, emergency visits and admission to hospital for ITP care were identified as risk factors for adverse postoperative outcomes.
Conclusion
Patients with ITP undergoing surgery are at increased risk of adverse perioperative events, particularly if blood or blood product transfusion are required preoperatively, or the procedure is done as an emergency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Chang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H C Chang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C H Wu
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C Y Chang
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C C Liao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T L Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liao EC, Chen JT, Chao ML, Yu SC, Chang CY, Chu WS, Tsai JJ. Nonadverse effects on allergenicity of isopentenyltransferase-transformed broccoli. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2013; 23:112-119. [PMID: 23654078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) provide modern agriculture with improvements in efficiency and the benefits of enhanced food production; however, the potential impact of GMOs on human health has not yet been clarified. OBJECTIVE To investigate the allergenicity of isopentenyltransferase (ipt)-transformed broccoli compared with non-GM broccoli. METHODS Sera from allergic individuals were used to identify the allergenicity of GM and non-GM broccoli. Immunoglobulin (Ig) binding of different lines of GM and non-GM broccoli was identified using immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the histamin release assay. RESULTS Positive reactions to broccoli (Brassica Oleracea) were observed in 7.02% of individuals. Specific IgE to broccoli and total IgE fro allergic individuals were well correlated. The different tests performed showed no significant differences in the allergenicity of conventionally raised and GM broccoli, indicating the absence of unexpected effects on allergenicity in ipt-transformed plants. Using Western blot analysis we detected heterogeneous IgE-reactive allergenic components in broccoli-allergic sera, but no significant differences between GM an non-GM broccoli were observed in serum from the same patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that there are no differences between GM (ipt-transformed) broccoli and non-GM broccoli, as determined by specific IgE in sera from broccoli-allergic patients. This indicates that there were no unexpected effects on allergenicity in this GM broccoli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E C Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wei J, Sue SH, Lee YT, Chang CY. Combined heart transplantation and total replacement of thoracic aorta in Marfan's syndrome with recurrent aortic dissection: a case report. Transplant Proc 2012; 44:1174-5. [PMID: 22564657 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is extremely rare for a patient to need simultaneous heart transplantation (HTx) and replacement of the thoracic aorta. A 23-year-old woman with Marfan's syndrome underwent Bentall's operation and replacement of the ascending aorta (AsA) due to a type A aortic dissection (AD) in August 2001. In March 2005, she began to experience dyspnea on exertion and was found to have a huge pseudoaneurysm at the aortic root, which had caused dehiscence of the aortic conduit. In July 2009, she suffered acute chest pain followed by hypotension and cold sweating. The computed tomography (CT) scan showed a recurrent dissection with a long intimal tear extending from the arch to the mid-portion of the descending thoracic aorta (DTA). Due to technical difficulties in the repair of the aortic root, she was placed on the HTx waiting list. The next day, she received a donor heart and underwent combined HTx and total replacement of the thoracic aorta. Explantation of the heart improved the exposure of the DTA. With the use of a vascular ring connector (Vasoring), the operation was successfully performed without need for a blood transfusion. The patient was still well at 2 years after the operation. Simultaneous replacement of the heart and the whole segment of the thoracic aorta is technically possible in Marfan patients who are complicated with aortic dissection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Wei
- Heart Centre, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lai CT, Wu CJ, Chen HH, Pan CF, Chiang CL, Chang CY, Chen YW. Absolute interdialytic weight gain is more important than percent weight gain for intradialytic hypotension in heavy patients. Nephrology (Carlton) 2012; 17:230-6. [PMID: 22085217 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2011.01542.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Few published reports have mentioned the difference between absolute interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) and IDWG/DW (IDWG%), and subsequent effects on daily dialysis. The aim of present study was to evaluate the difference between absolute IDWG and IDWG% in new haemodialysis patients. METHOD We retrospectively reviewed the records of 255 patients who recently received conventional haemodialysis for at least 1 year at the same centre from 1997 to 2008. The first 4 weeks after starting haemodialysis was defined as the pre-study period. Data were collected for 5-56 weeks. RESULTS IDWG% value remained relatively constant in the first year of haemodialysis despite most patients having certain residual renal function. For haemodialysis outcomes, both absolute IDWG and IDWG% were significantly correlated with intradialytic hypotension (IDH) in men and heavy women. After dividing patients into four strata, which according to the gender and the median dry weight, stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis showed that absolute IDWG, rather than IDWG%, was an independent risk factor for IDH in heavy men (Beta = 0.585, P < 0.001) and heavy women (Beta= 0.458, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Absolute IDWG, rather than IDWG%, is an independent risk factor for IDH in heavy haemodialysis patients. Therefore, higher absolute IDWG needs to be strictly controlled despite the corresponding IDWG% possibly being relatively small in heavy haemodialysis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Tsai Lai
- Divisions of Nephrology Hemodialysis Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Johir MAH, Vigneswaran S, Sathasivan A, Kandasamy J, Chang CY. Effect of organic loading rate on organic matter and foulant characteristics in membrane bio-reactor. Bioresour Technol 2012; 113:154-160. [PMID: 22206913 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the influence of organic loading rate (OLR) on the performance of a membrane bio-reactor (MBR) was investigated. The MBR was operated with 6 different OLRs between 0.5 and 3.0 kg COD/m(3)d. The hydrodynamic parameters of the MBR were kept constant. The hydraulic retention time and sludge retention time were kept at 8h and 40 d respectively. From the experimental investigation, it was found that the removal efficiency of DOC, COD and NH(4)-N decreased when OLRs were increased from 0.5 to 3.0 kg COD/m(3)d. Higher OLRs of 2.75-3.0 kg COD/m(3)d resulted in a higher transmembrane pressure development. The fractionation of organic matters showed more hydrophilic substances with higher OLRs. A detailed organic matter characterization of membrane foulant, soluble microbial product and extracellular polymeric substances showed that bio-polymers type substances together with humic acid and lower molecular neutral and acids were responsible for membrane fouling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A H Johir
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lin CJ, Hung SC, Guo WY, Chang FC, Luo CB, Beilner J, Kowarschik M, Chu WF, Chang CY. Monitoring peri-therapeutic cerebral circulation time: a feasibility study using color-coded quantitative DSA in patients with steno-occlusive arterial disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 33:1685-90. [PMID: 22499839 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intracranial hemodynamics are important for management of SOAD. This study aimed to monitor peri-stent placement intracranial CirT of patients with SOAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five patients received stent placement for extracranial ICA stenosis, and 34 patients with normal CirT were recruited as controls. Their color-coded DSAs were used to define the Tmax of selected intravascular ROI. A total of 20 ROIs of the ICA, OphA, ACA, MCA, FV, PV, OV, SSS, SS, IJV, and MCV were selected. rTmax was defined as the Tmax at the selected region of interest minus Tmax at the cervical segment of the ICA (I1 on AP view and IA on lateral view). rTmax of the PV was defined as intracranial CirT. Intergroup and intragroup longitudinal comparisons of rTmax were performed. RESULTS rTmax values of the normal cohorts were as follows: ICA-AP, 0.12; ICA-LAT, 0.10; A1, 0.28; A2, 0.53; A3, 0.81; M1, 0.40; M2, 0.80; M3, 0.95; OphA, 0.35; FV, 4.83; PV, 5.11; OV, 5.17; SSS, 6.16; SS, 6.51; IJV, 6.81; and MCV, 3.86 seconds. Before stent placement, the rTmax values of arterial ROIs, except A3 and M3, were prolonged compared with values from control subjects (P < .05). None of the rTmax of any venous ROIs in the stenotic group was prolonged with significance. After stent placement, the rTmax of all arterial ROIs shortened significantly, except A1and M3. Poststenting rTmax was not different from the control group. CONCLUSIONS Without extra contrast medium and radiation dosages, color-coded quantitative DSA enables real-time monitoring of peri-therapeutic intracranial CirT in patients with SOAD .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Lin
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yen CH, Teng MMH, Yuan WH, Sun YC, Chang CY. Preventive vertebroplasty for adjacent vertebral bodies: a good solution to reduce adjacent vertebral fracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 33:826-32. [PMID: 22282447 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adjacent VCF frequently occurs after percutaneous vertebroplasty. Our aim was to evaluate PrVP in the prevention of PVNO-adjacent VCF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radiographs of 68 patients who initially presented with a single-level unhealed fracture and underwent vertebroplasty were retrospectively reviewed for the occurrence of PVNO fracture. Patients in the nonpreventive group (n = 33) underwent TVP only for a vertebra with an unhealed fracture. The preventive group (n = 35) underwent PrVP combined with TVP. We injected bone cement into the caudal part of the superior adjacent vertebra and the cephalic part of the inferior adjacent vertebra to perform PrVP. RESULTS The incidences of PVNO fracture in adjacent vertebra next to a vertebra cemented at the patient's first vertebroplasty (within 6 months: 24% versus 3%, P = .012; within 1 year: 30% versus 3%, P = .006; >4 years: 39% versus 3%, P = .006) markedly decreased in the preventive group compared with the nonpreventive group. PVNO fracture was found in 26% of vertebrae adjacent to the first TVP level in the nonpreventive group and in 2% of vertebrae adjacent to a PrVP level in the preventive group after inclusion of all PrVP procedures. Approximately 33% of patients in the nonpreventive group underwent repeat vertebroplasty, mainly due to adjacent fractures. Only 3% of patients in the preventive group underwent repeated procedures. None of the vertebrae cemented for PrVP or TVP developed PVNO refracture. CONCLUSIONS Preventive vertebroplasty for the adjacent vertebra combined with TVP for the fractured vertebra is effective in the prevention of propagation of PVNO adjacent fractures, thus reducing the necessity of multiple repeat vertebroplasty procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C H Yen
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen YW, Chen HH, Pan CF, Chang CY, Wu CJ. Interdialytic Weight Gain Does Not Influence the Nutrition of New Hemodialysis Patients. J Ren Nutr 2012; 22:41-9. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2011.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
36
|
Lo HM, Chiang CF, Tsao HC, Pai TY, Liu MH, Kurniawan TA, Chao KP, Liou CT, Lin KC, Chang CY, Wang SC, Banks CJ, Lin CY, Liu WF, Chen PH, Chen CK, Chiu HY, Wu HY, Chao TW, Chen YR, Liou DW, Lo FC. Effects of spiked metals on the MSW anaerobic digestion. Waste Manag Res 2012; 30:32-48. [PMID: 20880938 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x10383079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of eight metals on the anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) in bioreactors. Anaerobic bioreactors containing 200 mL MSW mixed completely with 200 m L sludge seeding. Ca and K (0, 1000, 2000 and 6,000 mg L(-1)) and Cr, Ni, Zn, Co, Mo and W (0, 5, 50 and 100 mg L(-1)) of various dose were added to anaerobic bioreactors to examine their anaerobic digestion performance. Results showed that except K and Zn, Ca (~728 to ~1,461 mg L(-1)), Cr (~0.0022 to ~0.0212 mg L(-1)), Ni (~0.801 to ~5.362 mg L(-1)), Co (~0.148 to ~0.580 mg L(-1)), Mo (~0.044 to ~52.94 mg L(-1)) and W (~0.658 to ~40.39 mg L(-1)) had the potential to enhance the biogas production. On the other hand, except Mo and W, inhibitory concentrations IC(50) of Ca, K, Cr, Ni, Zn and Co were found to be ~3252, ~2097, ~0.124, ~7.239, ~0.482, ~8.625 mg L(-1), respectively. Eight spiked metals showed that they were adsorbed by MSW to a different extent resulting in different liquid metals levels and potential stimulation and inhibition on MSW anaerobic digestion. These results were discussed and compared to results from literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H M Lo
- Department of Environmental Engineering and anagement, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufong Township, Taichung County, Taiwan, ROC.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chen CY, Lin CW, Chang CY, Jiang ST, Hsueh YP. Sarm1, a negative regulator of innate immunity, interacts with syndecan-2 and regulates neuronal morphology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 193:769-84. [PMID: 21555464 PMCID: PMC3166868 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201008050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic arborization is a critical neuronal differentiation process. Here, we demonstrate that syndecan-2 (Sdc2), a synaptic heparan sulfate proteoglycan that triggers dendritic filopodia and spine formation, regulates dendritic arborization in cultured hippocampal neurons. This process is controlled by sterile α and TIR motif-containing 1 protein (Sarm1), a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in innate immunity signaling. We show that Sarm1 interacts with and receives signal from Sdc2 and controls dendritic arborization through the MKK4-JNK pathway. In Sarm1 knockdown mice, dendritic arbors of neurons were less complex than those of wild-type littermates. In addition to acting downstream of Sdc2, Sarm1 is expressed earlier than Sdc2, which suggests that it has multiple roles in neuronal morphogenesis. Specifically, it is required for proper initiation and elongation of dendrites, axonal outgrowth, and neuronal polarization. These functions likely involve Sarm1-mediated regulation of microtubule stability, as Sarm1 influenced tubulin acetylation. This study thus reveals the molecular mechanism underlying the action of Sarm1 in neuronal morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Ya Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology and 2 Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center and Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hsueh LN, Shi HY, Wang TF, Chang CY, Lee KT. Health-related quality of life in patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2011; 27:280-8. [PMID: 21757146 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This large-scale prospective cohort study of a Taiwan population applied generalized estimating equations to evaluate predictors of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after open cholecystectomy (OC) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) procedures performed between February 2007 and November 2008. The Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index and Short Form-36 were used in a preoperative assessment and in 3(rd) month and 6(th) month postoperative assessments of 38 OC and 259 LC patients. The HRQOL of the cholecystectomy patients were significantly improved at 3 months and 6 months postsurgery (p<0.05). At 3 months postsurgery, HRQOL improvement was significantly larger in LC patients than in OC patients. Patient characteristics, clinical characteristics, and health care quality were also significantly related to HRQOL improvement (p<0.05). Additionally, after controlling for related variables, preoperative health status was significantly and positively associated with each subscale of the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index and Short Form-36 throughout the 6 months (p<0.05). Patients should be advised that their postoperative HRQOL may depend not only on their postoperative health care but also on their preoperative functional status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Hsueh
- Division of Operation Room, Department of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chang CY, Cook MB, Lee YC, Lin JT, Ando T, Bhatia S, Chow WH, El-Omar EM, Goto H, Li YQ, McColl K, Rhee PL, Sharma P, Sung JJY, Wong JYY, Wu JCY, Ho KY, Zhang J, Ho KY. Current status of Barrett's esophagus research in Asia. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 26:240-6. [PMID: 21155883 PMCID: PMC3026914 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06529.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In Western countries, the epidemiology of esophageal cancer has changed considerably over the past decades with a rise in the ratio of adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma. Although the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux is increasing in Asia, the prevalences of Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) have remained low in most Asian countries. The Asian Barrett's Consortium recently conducted a review of published studies on BE from Asia to assess the current status of BE research in Asia, and to recommend potential areas for future BE research in the region. Differences in study design, enrolled population, and endoscopic biopsy protocols used have led to substantial variability in the reported BE prevalence (0.06% to 19.9%) across Asia. In particular, some Japanese studies used diagnostic criteria that differed considerably from what was used in most Asian studies. As in Western countries, increased age, male sex, tobacco smoking, reflux symptoms, and erosive esophagitis have been found to be risk factors for BE in several case-control studies from Asia. The Prague C and M criteria, developed to provide better interobserver reliability in diagnosis and grading of BE, are currently under extensive evaluation in the Asian population. There is a need for standardized protocols for endoscopic and histopathologic diagnosis before initiating collaborative projects to identify etiologic determinants of BE and its ensuing malignant transformation. At present, data regarding the management and long-term outcome of BE are extremely limited in Asia. More studies of BE in this geographic area are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- CY Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital and I-Shou University, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan
| | - Michael B. Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, USA
| | - Yi-Chia Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Town Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital and I-Shou University, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Takafumi Ando
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shobna Bhatia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, USA
| | - Emad M. El-Omar
- Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen University, Scotland
| | - Hidemi Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yang-Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, China
| | - Kenneth McColl
- Medical Sciences, Gardiner Institute, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Poong-Lyul Rhee
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Korea
| | - Prateek Sharma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Kansas School of Medicine, USA
| | - Joseph Jao-Yiu Sung
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jennie Yiik-Yieng Wong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Justin Che-Yuen Wu
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Khek-Yu Ho
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chiemchaisri C, Chiemchaisri W, Nindee P, Chang CY, Yamamoto K. Treatment performance and microbial characteristics in two-stage membrane bioreactor applied to partially stabilized leachate. Water Sci Technol 2011; 64:1064-1072. [PMID: 22214052 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2011.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A two-stage membrane bioreactor system was applied to the treatment of partially stabilized leachate from solid waste landfill in Thailand. In the system, an anoxic tank with incline tube for biomass separation from re-circulated sludge is followed by a second-stage aerobic tank in which a direct submerged hollow-fiber membrane module is used for solid-liquid separation. During steady operation of 200 days, BOD, COD, NH3 and TKN removals were found to be 99.6, 68, 89 and 86% respectively. Determination of nitrogen transforming bacteria by fluorescent in-situ hybridization technique revealed a slightly higher percentage of nitrifying bacteria in the aerobic tank and a higher percentage of denitrifying bacteria in the anoxic tank respectively. Anammox-like bacteria were also detected at relatively high percentage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Chiemchaisri
- Department of Environmental Engineering/National Center of Excellence for Environmental and Hazardous Waste Management, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, 50 Phaholyothin Road, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the reperfusion injury of the myocardium in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), we monitored the blood levels of troponin I (TNI), white blood cells, oxygen radicals, malondialdehyde, and myeloperoxidase seeking to define the relationship between the CABG-induced systemic inflammation and myocardial injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS We selected 10 patients undergoing primary CABG with CPB at moderate hypothermia and cardioplegic arrest concomitant with intermittent warm blood cardioplegia. We compared all data with their own baseline values to study the reperfusion injury. After release of the aortic clamp, blood was drawn from the coronary sinus, via a catheter placed through the right atrium. We measured plasma levels of inflammatory mediators, such as malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, oxygen radicals, and the myocardium injury parameter of TNI. RESULTS Patients showed no difference concerning aortic clamp time. TNI increased significantly at 1, 15, and 30 minutes after the onset of reperfusion. Blood levels of white blood cells, oxygen radicals, malondialdehyde, and myeloperoxidase also increased significantly with reperfusion time. CONCLUSIONS Reperfusion of ischemic myocardium induced increased TNI, which may be related to the systemic inflammatory responses induced by ischemia and reperfusion of the myocardium among patients undergoing elective coronary bypass surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W H Huang
- Department of Medicine, Weigong Memorial Hospital, Miouli, County, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lee CT, Chang CY, Lee YC, Tai CM, Wang WL, Tseng PH, Hwang JC, Hwang TZ, Wang CC, Lin JT. Narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy for the screening of esophageal cancer in patients with primary head and neck cancers. Endoscopy 2010; 42:613-9. [PMID: 20669074 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1255514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM Although narrow-band imaging (NBI) in endoscopy can improve detection of early-stage esophageal malignancies in patients with head and neck cancers, false-positive results may be obtained in areas with nonspecific inflammatory changes. This study evaluated the feasibility of primary screening with NBI and magnification for the presence of esophageal malignancies in these cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-nine patients with documented head and neck cancers were enrolled from April 2008 to January 2009. All patients underwent a meticulous endoscopic examination of the esophagus using a conventional white-light system followed by re-examination using the NBI system and final confirmation with NBI plus magnification. RESULTS Twenty-one patients (30.4 %) were confirmed to have esophageal neoplasia. Among these 21, 16 (76.2 %) had synchronous lesions, 9 (42.9 %) were asymptomatic, and 10 (47.6 %) had early-stage neoplasia. The incidence of multiple esophageal neoplasia was 57.1 %. NBI was more effective than conventional endoscopy in detecting neoplastic lesions (35 lesions in 21 patients vs. 22 lesions in 18 patients) and was particularly effective in patients with dysplasia (13 lesions in 9 patients vs. 3 lesions in 3 patients). The sensitivity and accuracy of detection were 62.9 % and 64.4 % for conventional endoscopy, 100 % and 86.7 % for NBI alone, and 100 % and 95.6 % for NBI with high magnification, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Compared with current approaches, NBI followed by high magnification significantly increases the accuracy of detection of esophageal neoplasia in patients with head and neck cancers. The result warrants conducting prospective randomized controlled study to confirm its efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C T Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yang KL, Chang CY, Lin S, Shyr MH, Lin PY. Unrelated haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Taiwan and beyond. Hong Kong Med J 2009; 15:48-51. [PMID: 19494399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its inception in October 1993, the world-renowned Buddhist Tzu Chi Marrow Donor Registry has facilitated more than 1800 cases of stem cell donations for patients in 27 countries to date. Under the auspices of the Buddhist Tzu Chi Stem Cells Center (BTCSCC), the Registry (> 310,000 donors) offers, on average, one case of stem cell donation every day to national or international transplantation community. The accomplishment of the Registry stems from the philosophy and spirit of giving without reward that was inspired by its founder Dharma Master Cheng Yen, the Samaritan devotions of selfless voluntary stem cell donors and the efforts from a dedicated network of volunteer workers. Demographically speaking, slightly less than one third of the donations are provided to domestic patients and the rest to mainland China and countries in Asia, North America, Europe, Middle East, Oceania, and South Africa. While most of the patients belong to the Oriental ethnic group, a few of the patients are non-Oriental. In addition to the Registry, a non-profit umbilical cord blood (UCB) bank is operating since 2002 to provide a complimentary role for patients unable to identify appropriate bone marrow stem cell donors in the Registry in time. To date, with an inventory of over 12,000 units of UCB cryopreserved in the Tzu Chi Cord Blood Bank, 47 units have been employed in 37 cases of transplantation for both paediatric and adult patients domestically and internationally. The fact that Buddhist Tzu Chi Marrow Donor Registry and Cord Blood Bank are established and operating without governmental financial support is unique and special. To facilitate haematopoietic stem cells to its domestic patients experiencing financial burdens, the BTCSCC offers financial aids to the underprivileged for their medical relief. This humanitarian approach and compassion is definitely a role model for many countries in the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K L Yang
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Marrow Donor Registry, Buddhist Tzu Chi Stem Cells Centre, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Center, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lin YJ, Deng MC, Wu SH, Chen YL, Cheng HC, Chang CY, Lee MS, Chien MS, Huang CC. Baculovirus-derived hemagglutinin vaccine protects chickens from lethal homologous virus H5N1 challenge. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:1147-52. [PMID: 19057130 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in both human and poultry from 2003, it is critical to have effective vaccines. A cDNA fragment coding the entire hemagglutinin (HA) gene derived from an H5N1 strain (A/duck/China/E319-2/03) was cloned and expressed using the baculovirus system. Two weeks after receiving two doses of recombinant HA (rHA) vaccines, chickens develop high antibody response for hemagglutination inhibition (HI) at titer 7.2 log(2). Challenge studies revealed that vaccinated chickens with HI titers greater than 3 log(2) could have immunoprotection against the same HPAI H5N1 strain virus challenge through intranasal route. Additionally, HI titer of 5 log(2) determined whether the live viruses could not be detected from oropharyngeal, cloacal discharge or in tissues. This result suggests that the rHA expressed from baculovirus system could be a candidate for the development of a safe and efficient subunit vaccine for HPAI (H5N1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y J Lin
- Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lai YS, Chiou PP, Chen WJ, Chen YC, Chen CW, Chiu IS, Chen SD, Cheng YH, Chang CY. Characterization of apoptosis induced by grouper iridovirus in two newly established cell lines from barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Bloch). J Fish Dis 2008; 31:825-834. [PMID: 19238757 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00957.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two new cell lines have been established from the muscle and swim bladder tissues of barramundi, Lates calcarifer, and designated as BM (barramundi muscle) and BSB (barramundi swimbladder), respectively. The cells multiplied well at 28 degrees C in Leibovitz's L-15 medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum, and have been continuously subcultured more than 100 times to date. Morphologically, BM cells were mostly fibroblastic, whereas BSB were mostly epithelial. Both cell lines were susceptible to grouper iridovirus (GIV) and displayed characteristics of apoptosis after viral infection. The induction of apoptosis was further assayed in GIV-infected BM and BSB cells by various methods. The inhibition of cell growth by GIV was demonstrated by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. Morphological observations revealed typical apoptotic features in the infected cells, including cell shrinkage and rounding, chromosome condensation and formation of apoptotic body-like vesicles. Chromosome fragmentation was detected by DNA laddering and TUNEL assays. Finally, the appearance of phosphotidylserine on the outer leaflet of apoptotic cell membranes was confirmed by annexin V staining. This is the first report of apoptosis induced by GIV in fish cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Lai
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yao KS, Wang DY, Chang CY, Ho WY, Yang LY. Characteristics and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin film sensitized with a porphyrin dye. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2008; 8:2699-2702. [PMID: 18572711 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2008.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel porphyrin dye, 5, 10, 15, 20-tetraphenyl-21H, 23H-porphine nickel (TPPN) doped TiO2 (TiO2/TPPN) thin film with visible light respondency was prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized with XRD, SEM, UV-Vis instruments. The observation showed that the absorption edge of TPPN dye-doped thin film shifted into the visible light region. The photocatalytic indigo carmine degradation results showed that under visible light irradiation (lambda > 400 nm) for 6 hrs, the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin film sensitized with 200 microM of TPPN dye showed the best performance, with an indigo degradation ratio up to 96%. Moreover, the TiO2/TPPN thin film showed a relevant photocatalytic bactericidal effect on Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 7 induced vegetable soft rot disease in the visible spectral region. Evidence for the photocatalytic disinfection technique against a plant pathogen under visible light irradiation will have potential for direct application in future control of plant diseases in irrigation water systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Yao
- Department of Life Science, MingDao University, Changhua 523, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Luo CB, Teng MMH, Chang FC, Sheu MH, Guo WY, Chang CY. Bilateral traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulae: Strategies for endovascular treatment. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2007; 149:675-80; discussion 680. [PMID: 17558454 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-007-1229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2006] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula/e (TCCF) are unilateral, and simultaneous bilateral TCCF are uncommon. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the angiographic architecture of bilateral TCCF and report our experience with their endovascular management. METHOD Over 15 years, 252 consecutive patients with TCCF were referred to our institute for endovascular treatment. Bilateral TCCF occurred in 5 men and 2 women with a mean age of 31 years. The angiographic architectures of bilateral TCCF were evaluated with cerebral angiography. All patients underwent a single session of transarterial embolisation by using various permanent embolic materials and were followed up clinically or with angiography for a mean of 22 months (range 9-36 months). FINDINGS All patients presented with neuro-ophthalmic symptoms and signs. No new instances of cerebrovascular ischemia or intracranial haematoma resulted from bilateral TCCF. All fistulae were associated with partial arterial steal and were successfully occluded by using a detachable balloon and/or a detachable coil with or without a liquid adhesive. Of 14 TCCF, 9 were completely obliterated with preserved flow of the internal carotid artery (ICA). In the other 5 fistulae, the ICA had to be sacrificed to achieve occlusion because the anatomy of the fistula was complex. All fistula related symptoms resolved immediately or gradually during clinical follow up. No clinically significant procedure related neurological complications or recurrent fistulae were observed. CONCLUSIONS All bilateral TCCF were associated with a partial arterial steal phenomenon. Single session endovascular treatment using various embolic materials was effective in managing these high-flow fistulae. In all patients, it was possible to preserve one or both ICAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C B Luo
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug toxicity is the leading cause of acute liver failure in the United States. Further understanding of hepatotoxicity is becoming increasingly important as more drugs come to market. AIMS (i) To provide an update on recent advances in our understanding of hepatotoxicity of select commonly used drug classes. (ii) To assess the safety of these medications in patients with pre-existing liver disease and in the post-liver transplant setting. (iii) To review relevant advances in toxicogenomics which contribute to the current understanding of hepatotoxic drugs. METHODS A Medline search was performed to identify relevant literature using search terms including 'drug toxicity, hepatotoxicity, statins, thiazolidinediones, antibiotics, antiretroviral drugs and toxicogenomics'. RESULTS Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid is one of the most frequently implicated causes of drug-induced liver injury worldwide. Statins rarely cause clinically significant liver injury, even in patients with underlying liver disease. Newer thiazolidinediones are not associated with the degree of liver toxicity observed with troglitazone. Careful monitoring for liver toxicity is warranted in patients who are taking antiretrovirals, especially patients who are co-infected with hepatitis B and C. Genetic polymorphisms among enzymes involved in drug metabolism and HLA types may account for some of the differences in individual susceptibility to drug hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Drug-induced hepatotoxicity will remain a problem that carries both clinical and regulatory significance as long as new drugs continue to enter the market. Future results from ongoing multicentre collaborative efforts may help contribute to our current understanding of hepatotoxicity associated with drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chang
- The Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lee MS, Deng MC, Lin YJ, Chang CY, Shieh HK, Shiau JZ, Huang CC. Characterization of an H5N1 avian influenza virus from Taiwan. Vet Microbiol 2007; 124:193-201. [PMID: 17512143 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Revised: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In 2003, an avian influenza (AI) virus of H5N1 subtype (A/Duck/China/E319-2/03; Dk/CHN/E319-2/03) was isolated from a smuggled duck in Kinmen Island of Taiwan. Phylogenetic analysis and pairwise comparison of nucleotide and amino acid sequences revealed that the virus displayed high similarity to the H5N1 viruses circulating in Asia during 2004 and 2005. The hemagglutinin (HA) protein of the virus contained multiple basic amino acid residues (-RERRRKR-) adjacent to the cleavage site between the HA1 and HA2 domains, showing the highly pathogenic (HP) characteristics. The HP phenotype was confirmed by experimental infection of chickens, which led up to 100% mortality within 24-72h postinfection. The virus replicated equally well in the majority of organs of the infected chickens with titers ranging from 10(7.5) to 10(4.7) 50% embryo lethal dose (ELD50) per gram of tissue. In a mouse model the virus exhibits low pathogenic characteristics with a lethal infection observed only after applying high inoculating dose (>or=10(7.6) ELD50) of the virus. The infectious virus particles were recovered only from the pulmonary system including trachea and lungs. Our study suggests that ducks infected with H5N1 AIV of HPAI pathotype showing no disease signs can carry the virus silently and that bird smuggling represent a serious risk for H5N1 HPAI transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Lee
- Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, 376 Chung-Cheng Road, Tamsui, Taipei 251, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Affiliation(s)
- C H Tu
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|