1
|
Chaudhari NN, Imms PE, Chowdhury NF, Gatz M, Trumble BC, Mack WJ, Law EM, Sutherland ML, Sutherland JD, Rowan CJ, Wann LS, Allam AH, Thompson RC, Michalik DE, Miyamoto M, Lombardi G, Cummings DK, Seabright E, Alami S, Garcia AR, Rodriguez DE, Gutierrez RQ, Copajira AJ, Hooper PL, Buetow KH, Stieglitz J, Gurven MD, Thomas GS, Kaplan HS, Finch CE, Irimia A. Increases in regional brain volume across two native South American male populations. GeroScience 2024; 46:4563-4583. [PMID: 38683289 PMCID: PMC11336037 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Industrialized environments, despite benefits such as higher levels of formal education and lower rates of infections, can also have pernicious impacts upon brain atrophy. Partly for this reason, comparing age-related brain volume trajectories between industrialized and non-industrialized populations can help to suggest lifestyle correlates of brain health. The Tsimane, indigenous to the Bolivian Amazon, derive their subsistence from foraging and horticulture and are physically active. The Moseten, a mixed-ethnicity farming population, are physically active but less than the Tsimane. Within both populations (N = 1024; age range = 46-83), we calculated regional brain volumes from computed tomography and compared their cross-sectional trends with age to those of UK Biobank (UKBB) participants (N = 19,973; same age range). Surprisingly among Tsimane and Moseten (T/M) males, some parietal and occipital structures mediating visuospatial abilities exhibit small but significant increases in regional volume with age. UKBB males exhibit a steeper negative trend of regional volume with age in frontal and temporal structures compared to T/M males. However, T/M females exhibit significantly steeper rates of brain volume decrease with age compared to UKBB females, particularly for some cerebro-cortical structures (e.g., left subparietal cortex). Across the three populations, observed trends exhibit no interhemispheric asymmetry. In conclusion, the age-related rate of regional brain volume change may differ by lifestyle and sex. The lack of brain volume reduction with age is not known to exist in other human population, highlighting the putative role of lifestyle in constraining regional brain atrophy and promoting elements of non-industrialized lifestyle like higher physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil N Chaudhari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Phoebe E Imms
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nahian F Chowdhury
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E Meng Law
- iBRAIN Research Laboratory, Departments of Neuroscience, Computer Systems and Electrical Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Radiology, The Alfred Health Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Christopher J Rowan
- Renown Institute for Heart and Vascular Health, Reno, NV, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - L Samuel Wann
- Division of Cardiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Adel H Allam
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Al Mikhaym Al Daem, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Randall C Thompson
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - David E Michalik
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
- MemorialCare Miller Children's & Women's Hospital, Long Beach Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Michael Miyamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Mission Heritage Medical Group, Providence Health, Mission Viejo, CA, USA
| | | | - Daniel K Cummings
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Edmond Seabright
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sarah Alami
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Angela R Garcia
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel E Rodriguez
- Institute of Biomedical Research, San Simon University, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | | | | | - Paul L Hooper
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kenneth H Buetow
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse 1 Capitol University, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael D Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare Health Systems, Fountain Valley, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Hillard S Kaplan
- Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Anthropology and Psychology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Noad KN, Watson DM, Andrews TJ. Familiarity enhances functional connectivity between visual and nonvisual regions of the brain during natural viewing. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae285. [PMID: 39038830 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We explored the neural correlates of familiarity with people and places using a naturalistic viewing paradigm. Neural responses were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging, while participants viewed a movie taken from Game of Thrones. We compared inter-subject correlations and functional connectivity in participants who were either familiar or unfamiliar with the TV series. Higher inter-subject correlations were found between familiar participants in regions, beyond the visual brain, that are typically associated with the processing of semantic, episodic, and affective information. However, familiarity also increased functional connectivity between face and scene regions in the visual brain and the nonvisual regions of the familiarity network. To determine whether these regions play an important role in face recognition, we measured responses in participants with developmental prosopagnosia (DP). Consistent with a deficit in face recognition, the effect of familiarity was significantly attenuated across the familiarity network in DP. The effect of familiarity on functional connectivity between face regions and the familiarity network was also attenuated in DP. These results show that the neural response to familiarity involves an extended network of brain regions and that functional connectivity between visual and nonvisual regions of the brain plays an important role in the recognition of people and places during natural viewing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kira N Noad
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York Y010 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - David M Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York Y010 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Andrews
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York Y010 5DD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roswandowitz C, Kathiresan T, Pellegrino E, Dellwo V, Frühholz S. Cortical-striatal brain network distinguishes deepfake from real speaker identity. Commun Biol 2024; 7:711. [PMID: 38862808 PMCID: PMC11166919 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Deepfakes are viral ingredients of digital environments, and they can trick human cognition into misperceiving the fake as real. Here, we test the neurocognitive sensitivity of 25 participants to accept or reject person identities as recreated in audio deepfakes. We generate high-quality voice identity clones from natural speakers by using advanced deepfake technologies. During an identity matching task, participants show intermediate performance with deepfake voices, indicating levels of deception and resistance to deepfake identity spoofing. On the brain level, univariate and multivariate analyses consistently reveal a central cortico-striatal network that decoded the vocal acoustic pattern and deepfake-level (auditory cortex), as well as natural speaker identities (nucleus accumbens), which are valued for their social relevance. This network is embedded in a broader neural identity and object recognition network. Humans can thus be partly tricked by deepfakes, but the neurocognitive mechanisms identified during deepfake processing open windows for strengthening human resilience to fake information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Roswandowitz
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Phonetics and Speech Sciences Group, Department of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Centre Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thayabaran Kathiresan
- Centre for Neuroscience of Speech, University Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Redenlab, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elisa Pellegrino
- Phonetics and Speech Sciences Group, Department of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Volker Dellwo
- Phonetics and Speech Sciences Group, Department of Computational Linguistics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Frühholz
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Centre Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Du J, DiNicola LM, Angeli PA, Saadon-Grosman N, Sun W, Kaiser S, Ladopoulou J, Xue A, Yeo BTT, Eldaief MC, Buckner RL. Organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated within individuals: networks, global topography, and function. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:1014-1082. [PMID: 38489238 PMCID: PMC11383390 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00308.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is populated by specialized regions that are organized into networks. Here we estimated networks from functional MRI (fMRI) data in intensively sampled participants. The procedure was developed in two participants (scanned 31 times) and then prospectively applied to 15 participants (scanned 8-11 times). Analysis of the networks revealed a global organization. Locally organized first-order sensory and motor networks were surrounded by spatially adjacent second-order networks that linked to distant regions. Third-order networks possessed regions distributed widely throughout association cortex. Regions of distinct third-order networks displayed side-by-side juxtapositions with a pattern that repeated across multiple cortical zones. We refer to these as supra-areal association megaclusters (SAAMs). Within each SAAM, two candidate control regions were adjacent to three separate domain-specialized regions. Response properties were explored with task data. The somatomotor and visual networks responded to body movements and visual stimulation, respectively. Second-order networks responded to transients in an oddball detection task, consistent with a role in orienting to salient events. The third-order networks, including distinct regions within each SAAM, showed two levels of functional specialization. Regions linked to candidate control networks responded to working memory load across multiple stimulus domains. The remaining regions dissociated across language, social, and spatial/episodic processing domains. These results suggest that progressively higher-order networks nest outward from primary sensory and motor cortices. Within the apex zones of association cortex, there is specialization that repeatedly divides domain-flexible from domain-specialized regions. We discuss implications of these findings, including how repeating organizational motifs may emerge during development.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The organization of cerebral networks was estimated within individuals with intensive, repeat sampling of fMRI data. A hierarchical organization emerged in each individual that delineated first-, second-, and third-order cortical networks. Regions of distinct third-order association networks consistently exhibited side-by-side juxtapositions that repeated across multiple cortical zones, with clear and robust functional specialization among the embedded regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Du
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Lauren M DiNicola
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Peter A Angeli
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Noam Saadon-Grosman
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Wendy Sun
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Stephanie Kaiser
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Joanna Ladopoulou
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Aihuiping Xue
- Centre for Sleep & Cognition and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Centre for Sleep & Cognition and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark C Eldaief
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pauley C, Zeithamova D, Sander MC. Age differences in functional connectivity track dedifferentiation of category representations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.04.574135. [PMID: 38260463 PMCID: PMC10802339 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.04.574135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
With advancing age, the distinctiveness of neural representations of information declines. While the finding of this so-called 'age-related neural dedifferentiation' in category-selective neural regions is well-described, the contribution of age-related changes in network organization to dedifferentiation is unknown. Here, we asked whether age differences in a) whole-brain network segregation (i.e., network dedifferentiation) and b) functional connectivity to category-selective neural regions contribute to regional dedifferentiation of categorical representations. Younger and older adults viewed blocks of face and house stimuli in the fMRI scanner. We found an age-related decline in neural distinctiveness for faces in the fusiform gyrus (FG) and for houses in the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG). Functional connectivity analyses revealed age-related dedifferentiation of global network structure as well as age differences in connectivity between the FG and early visual cortices. Interindividual correlations demonstrated that regional distinctiveness was related to network segregation as well as connectivity of the FG to the visual network. Together, our findings reveal that dedifferentiation of categorical representations may be linked to age-related reorganization of functional networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Pauley
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Zeithamova
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 97403 Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Myriam C. Sander
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Koslov SR, Kable JW, Foster BL. Dissociable Contributions of the Medial Parietal Cortex to Recognition Memory. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e2220232024. [PMID: 38527809 PMCID: PMC11063824 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2220-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human neuroimaging studies of episodic memory retrieval routinely observe the engagement of specific cortical regions beyond the medial temporal lobe. Of these, medial parietal cortex (MPC) is of particular interest given its distinct functional characteristics during different retrieval tasks. Specifically, while recognition and autobiographical recall tasks are both used to probe episodic retrieval, these paradigms consistently drive distinct spatial patterns of response within MPC. However, other studies have emphasized alternate MPC functional dissociations in terms of brain network connectivity profiles or stimulus category selectivity. As the unique contributions of MPC to episodic memory remain unclear, adjudicating between these different accounts can provide better consensus regarding MPC function. Therefore, we used a precision-neuroimaging dataset (7T functional magnetic resonance imaging) to examine how MPC regions are differentially engaged during recognition memory and how these task-related dissociations may also reflect distinct connectivity and stimulus category functional profiles. We observed interleaved, though spatially distinct, subregions of MPC where responses were sensitive to either recognition decisions or the semantic representation of stimuli. In addition, this dissociation was further accentuated by functional subregions displaying distinct profiles of connectivity with the hippocampus during task and rest. Finally, we show that recent observations of dissociable person and place selectivity within the MPC reflect category-specific responses from within identified semantic regions that are sensitive to mnemonic demands. Together, by examining precision functional mapping within individuals, these data suggest that previously distinct observations of functional dissociation within MPC conform to a common principle of organization throughout hippocampal-neocortical memory systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth R Koslov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Joseph W Kable
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Brett L Foster
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brands AM, Devore S, Devinsky O, Doyle W, Flinker A, Friedman D, Dugan P, Winawer J, Groen IIA. Temporal dynamics of short-term neural adaptation across human visual cortex. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012161. [PMID: 38815000 PMCID: PMC11166327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural responses in visual cortex adapt to prolonged and repeated stimuli. While adaptation occurs across the visual cortex, it is unclear how adaptation patterns and computational mechanisms differ across the visual hierarchy. Here we characterize two signatures of short-term neural adaptation in time-varying intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) data collected while participants viewed naturalistic image categories varying in duration and repetition interval. Ventral- and lateral-occipitotemporal cortex exhibit slower and prolonged adaptation to single stimuli and slower recovery from adaptation to repeated stimuli compared to V1-V3. For category-selective electrodes, recovery from adaptation is slower for preferred than non-preferred stimuli. To model neural adaptation we augment our delayed divisive normalization (DN) model by scaling the input strength as a function of stimulus category, enabling the model to accurately predict neural responses across multiple image categories. The model fits suggest that differences in adaptation patterns arise from slower normalization dynamics in higher visual areas interacting with differences in input strength resulting from category selectivity. Our results reveal systematic differences in temporal adaptation of neural population responses between lower and higher visual brain areas and show that a single computational model of history-dependent normalization dynamics, fit with area-specific parameters, accounts for these differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sasha Devore
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Werner Doyle
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Adeen Flinker
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Daniel Friedman
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Patricia Dugan
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Winawer
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rolls ET. Two what, two where, visual cortical streams in humans. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 160:105650. [PMID: 38574782 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
ROLLS, E. T. Two What, Two Where, Visual Cortical Streams in Humans. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV 2024. Recent cortical connectivity investigations lead to new concepts about 'What' and 'Where' visual cortical streams in humans, and how they connect to other cortical systems. A ventrolateral 'What' visual stream leads to the inferior temporal visual cortex for object and face identity, and provides 'What' information to the hippocampal episodic memory system, the anterior temporal lobe semantic system, and the orbitofrontal cortex emotion system. A superior temporal sulcus (STS) 'What' visual stream utilising connectivity from the temporal and parietal visual cortex responds to moving objects and faces, and face expression, and connects to the orbitofrontal cortex for emotion and social behaviour. A ventromedial 'Where' visual stream builds feature combinations for scenes, and provides 'Where' inputs via the parahippocampal scene area to the hippocampal episodic memory system that are also useful for landmark-based navigation. The dorsal 'Where' visual pathway to the parietal cortex provides for actions in space, but also provides coordinate transforms to provide inputs to the parahippocampal scene area for self-motion update of locations in scenes in the dark or when the view is obscured.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK; Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200403, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Spagna A, Heidenry Z, Miselevich M, Lambert C, Eisenstadt BE, Tremblay L, Liu Z, Liu J, Bartolomeo P. Visual mental imagery: Evidence for a heterarchical neural architecture. Phys Life Rev 2024; 48:113-131. [PMID: 38217888 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Theories of Visual Mental Imagery (VMI) emphasize the processes of retrieval, modification, and recombination of sensory information from long-term memory. Yet, only few studies have focused on the behavioral mechanisms and neural correlates supporting VMI of stimuli from different semantic domains. Therefore, we currently have a limited understanding of how the brain generates and maintains mental representations of colors, faces, shapes - to name a few. Such an undetermined scenario renders unclear the organizational structure of neural circuits supporting VMI, including the role of the early visual cortex. We aimed to fill this gap by reviewing the scientific literature of five semantic domains: visuospatial, face, colors, shapes, and letters imagery. Linking theory to evidence from over 60 different experimental designs, this review highlights three main points. First, there is no consistent activity in the early visual cortex across all VMI domains, contrary to the prediction of the dominant model. Second, there is consistent activity of the frontoparietal networks and the left hemisphere's fusiform gyrus during voluntary VMI irrespective of the semantic domain investigated. We propose that these structures are part of a domain-general VMI sub-network. Third, domain-specific information engages specific regions of the ventral and dorsal cortical visual pathways. These regions partly overlap with those found in visual perception studies (e.g., fusiform face area for faces imagery; lingual gyrus for color imagery). Altogether, the reviewed evidence suggests the existence of domain-general and domain-specific mechanisms of VMI selectively engaged by stimulus-specific properties (e.g., colors or faces). These mechanisms would be supported by an organizational structure mixing vertical and horizontal connections (heterarchy) between sub-networks for specific stimulus domains. Such a heterarchical organization of VMI makes different predictions from current models of VMI as reversed perception. Our conclusions set the stage for future research, which should aim to characterize the spatiotemporal dynamics and interactions among key regions of this architecture giving rise to visual mental images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Spagna
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University in the City of New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Zoe Heidenry
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University in the City of New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Chloe Lambert
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University in the City of New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | | | - Laura Tremblay
- Department of Psychology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California; Department of Neurology, VA Northern California Health Care System, Martinez, California
| | - Zixin Liu
- Department of Human Development, Teachers College, Columbia University, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Jianghao Liu
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris 10027, France; Dassault Systèmes, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France
| | - Paolo Bartolomeo
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris 10027, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peters‐Founshtein G, Gazit L, Naveh T, Domachevsky L, Korczyn AD, Bernstine H, Shaharabani‐Gargir L, Groshar D, Marshall GA, Arzy S. Lost in space(s): Multimodal neuroimaging of disorientation along the Alzheimer's disease continuum. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26623. [PMID: 38488454 PMCID: PMC10941506 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Orientation is a fundamental cognitive faculty and the bedrock of the neurologic examination. Orientation is defined as the alignment between an individual's internal representation and the external world in the spatial, temporal, and social domains. While spatial disorientation is a recognized hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), little is known about disorientation beyond space in AD. This study aimed to explore disorientation in spatial, temporal, and social domains along the AD continuum. Fifty-one participants along the AD continuum performed an ecological orientation task in the spatial, temporal, and social domains while undergoing functional MRI. Disorientation in AD followed a three-way association between orientation domain, brain region, and disease stage. Specifically, patients with early amnestic mild cognitive impairment exhibited spatio-temporal disorientation and reduced brain activity in temporoparietal regions, while patients with AD dementia showed additional social disorientation and reduced brain activity in frontoparietal regions. Furthermore, patterns of hypoactivation overlapped different subnetworks of the default mode network, patterns of fluorodeoxyglucose hypometabolism, and cortical atrophy characteristic of AD. Our results suggest that AD may encompass a disorder of orientation, characterized by a biphasic process manifesting as early spatio-temporal and late social disorientation. As such, disorientation may offer a unique window into the clinicopathological progression of AD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Despite extensive research into Alzheimer's disease (AD), its core cognitive deficit remains a matter of debate. In this study, we investigated whether orientation, defined as the ability to align internal representations with the external world in spatial, temporal, and social domains, constitutes a core cognitive deficit in AD. To do so, we used PET-fMRI imaging to collect behavioral, functional, and metabolic data from 51 participants along the AD continuum. Our findings suggest that AD may constitute a disorder of orientation, characterized by an early spatio-temporal disorientation and followed by late social disorientation, manifesting in task-evoked and neurodegenerative changes. We propose that a profile of disorientation across multiple domains offers a unique window into the progression of AD and as such could greatly benefit disease diagnosis, monitoring, and evaluation of treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Peters‐Founshtein
- The Computational Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSheba Medical CenterRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Lidor Gazit
- The Computational Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
- Department of NeurologyHadassah Hebrew University Medical SchoolJerusalemIsrael
| | - Tahel Naveh
- The Computational Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
- Department of NeurologyHadassah Hebrew University Medical SchoolJerusalemIsrael
| | - Liran Domachevsky
- Department of Nuclear MedicineSheba Medical CenterRamat‐GanIsrael
- Department of Nuclear MedicineAssuta Medical CenterTel‐AvivIsrael
| | | | - Hanna Bernstine
- Department of Nuclear MedicineAssuta Medical CenterTel‐AvivIsrael
- Department of ImagingTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
- Department of Nuclear MedicineRabin Medical CenterPetah TikvaIsrael
| | | | - David Groshar
- Department of Nuclear MedicineAssuta Medical CenterTel‐AvivIsrael
- Department of ImagingTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Gad A. Marshall
- Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's HospitalMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Shahar Arzy
- The Computational Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
- Department of NeurologyHadassah Hebrew University Medical SchoolJerusalemIsrael
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brands AM, Devore S, Devinsky O, Doyle W, Flinker A, Friedman D, Dugan P, Winawer J, Groen IIA. Temporal dynamics of short-term neural adaptation across human visual cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.13.557378. [PMID: 37745548 PMCID: PMC10515883 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.13.557378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Neural responses in visual cortex adapt to prolonged and repeated stimuli. While adaptation occurs across the visual cortex, it is unclear how adaptation patterns and computational mechanisms differ across the visual hierarchy. Here we characterize two signatures of short-term neural adaptation in time-varying intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) data collected while participants viewed naturalistic image categories varying in duration and repetition interval. Ventral- and lateral-occipitotemporal cortex exhibit slower and prolonged adaptation to single stimuli and slower recovery from adaptation to repeated stimuli compared to V1-V3. For category-selective electrodes, recovery from adaptation is slower for preferred than non-preferred stimuli. To model neural adaptation we augment our delayed divisive normalization (DN) model by scaling the input strength as a function of stimulus category, enabling the model to accurately predict neural responses across multiple image categories. The model fits suggest that differences in adaptation patterns arise from slower normalization dynamics in higher visual areas interacting with differences in input strength resulting from category selectivity. Our results reveal systematic differences in temporal adaptation of neural population responses across the human visual hierarchy and show that a single computational model of history-dependent normalization dynamics, fit with area-specific parameters, accounts for these differences.
Collapse
|
12
|
Watson DM, Andrews TJ. Mapping the functional and structural connectivity of the scene network. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26628. [PMID: 38376190 PMCID: PMC10878195 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The recognition and perception of places has been linked to a network of scene-selective regions in the human brain. While previous studies have focussed on functional connectivity between scene-selective regions themselves, less is known about their connectivity with other cortical and subcortical regions in the brain. Here, we determine the functional and structural connectivity profile of the scene network. We used fMRI to examine functional connectivity between scene regions and across the whole brain during rest and movie-watching. Connectivity within the scene network revealed a bias between posterior and anterior scene regions implicated in perceptual and mnemonic aspects of scene perception respectively. Differences between posterior and anterior scene regions were also evident in the connectivity with cortical and subcortical regions across the brain. For example, the Occipital Place Area (OPA) and posterior Parahippocampal Place Area (PPA) showed greater connectivity with visual and dorsal attention networks, while anterior PPA and Retrosplenial Complex showed preferential connectivity with default mode and frontoparietal control networks and the hippocampus. We further measured the structural connectivity of the scene network using diffusion tractography. This indicated both similarities and differences with the functional connectivity, highlighting biases between posterior and anterior regions, but also between ventral and dorsal scene regions. Finally, we quantified the structural connectivity between the scene network and major white matter tracts throughout the brain. These findings provide a map of the functional and structural connectivity of scene-selective regions to each other and the rest of the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Watson
- Department of Psychology and York Neuroimaging CentreUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Timothy J. Andrews
- Department of Psychology and York Neuroimaging CentreUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Agron AM, Martin A, Gilmore AW. Scene construction and autobiographical memory retrieval in autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2024; 17:204-214. [PMID: 38037250 PMCID: PMC10922094 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently exhibit difficulties in retrieving autobiographical memories (AMs) of specific events from their life. Such memory deficits are frequently attributed to underlying disruptions in self-referential or social cognition processes. This makes intuitive sense as these are hallmarks of ASD. However, an emerging literature suggests that parallel deficits also exist in ASD individuals' ability to reconstruct the rich spatial contexts in which events occur. This is a capacity known as scene construction, and in typically developing individuals is considered a core process in retrieving AMs. In this review, we discuss evidence of difficulties with scene construction in ASD, drawing upon experiments that involve AM retrieval, other forms of mental time travel, and spatial navigation. We also highlight aspects of extant data that cannot be accounted for using purely social explanations of memory deficits in ASD. We conclude by identifying key questions raised by our framework and suggest how they might be addressed in future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Agron
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, NIMH/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Alex Martin
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, NIMH/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Adrian W. Gilmore
- Section on Cognitive Neuropsychology, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, NIMH/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Steel A, Silson EH, Garcia BD, Robertson CE. A retinotopic code structures the interaction between perception and memory systems. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:339-347. [PMID: 38168931 PMCID: PMC10923171 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Conventional views of brain organization suggest that regions at the top of the cortical hierarchy processes internally oriented information using an abstract amodal neural code. Despite this, recent reports have described the presence of retinotopic coding at the cortical apex, including the default mode network. What is the functional role of retinotopic coding atop the cortical hierarchy? Here we report that retinotopic coding structures interactions between internally oriented (mnemonic) and externally oriented (perceptual) brain areas. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we observed robust inverted (negative) retinotopic coding in category-selective memory areas at the cortical apex, which is functionally linked to the classic (positive) retinotopic coding in category-selective perceptual areas in high-level visual cortex. These functionally linked retinotopic populations in mnemonic and perceptual areas exhibit spatially specific opponent responses during both bottom-up perception and top-down recall, suggesting that these areas are interlocked in a mutually inhibitory dynamic. These results show that retinotopic coding structures interactions between perceptual and mnemonic neural systems, providing a scaffold for their dynamic interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Steel
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
| | - Edward H Silson
- Psychosophy, Psychology, and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brenda D Garcia
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Caroline E Robertson
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Edmonds D, Salvo JJ, Anderson N, Lakshman M, Yang Q, Kay K, Zelano C, Braga RM. Social cognitive regions of human association cortex are selectively connected to the amygdala. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.06.570477. [PMID: 38106046 PMCID: PMC10723387 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.06.570477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Reasoning about someone's thoughts and intentions - i.e., forming a theory of mind - is an important aspect of social cognition that relies on association areas of the brain that have expanded disproportionately in the human lineage. We recently showed that these association zones comprise parallel distributed networks that, despite occupying adjacent and interdigitated regions, serve dissociable functions. One network is selectively recruited by theory of mind processes. What circuit properties differentiate these parallel networks? Here, we show that social cognitive association areas are intrinsically and selectively connected to regions of the anterior medial temporal lobe that are implicated in emotional learning and social behaviors, including the amygdala at or near the basolateral complex and medial nucleus. The results suggest that social cognitive functions emerge through coordinated activity between amygdala circuits and a distributed association network, and indicate the medial nucleus may play an important role in social cognition in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donnisa Edmonds
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph J. Salvo
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nathan Anderson
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maya Lakshman
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qiaohan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kendrick Kay
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christina Zelano
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rodrigo M. Braga
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Klink H, Kaiser D, Stecher R, Ambrus GG, Kovács G. Your place or mine? The neural dynamics of personally familiar scene recognition suggests category independent familiarity encoding. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11634-11645. [PMID: 37885126 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognizing a stimulus as familiar is an important capacity in our everyday life. Recent investigation of visual processes has led to important insights into the nature of the neural representations of familiarity for human faces. Still, little is known about how familiarity affects the neural dynamics of non-face stimulus processing. Here we report the results of an EEG study, examining the representational dynamics of personally familiar scenes. Participants viewed highly variable images of their own apartments and unfamiliar ones, as well as personally familiar and unfamiliar faces. Multivariate pattern analyses were used to examine the time course of differential processing of familiar and unfamiliar stimuli. Time-resolved classification revealed that familiarity is decodable from the EEG data similarly for scenes and faces. The temporal dynamics showed delayed onsets and peaks for scenes as compared to faces. Familiarity information, starting at 200 ms, generalized across stimulus categories and led to a robust familiarity effect. In addition, familiarity enhanced category representations in early (250-300 ms) and later (>400 ms) processing stages. Our results extend previous face familiarity results to another stimulus category and suggest that familiarity as a construct can be understood as a general, stimulus-independent processing step during recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Klink
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum, Kastanienstraße1 Jena, D-07747 Jena, Thüringen, Germany
- Department of Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Leutragraben 1, D-07743 Jena, Thüringen, Germany
| | - Daniel Kaiser
- Mathematical Institute, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Physics, Geography, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Arndtstraße 2, D-35392 Gießen, Hessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Justus-Liebig-University Gießen and Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6 Mehrzweckgeb, 03C022, Marburg, D-35032, Hessen, Germany
| | - Rico Stecher
- Mathematical Institute, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Physics, Geography, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Arndtstraße 2, D-35392 Gießen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Géza G Ambrus
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole House P319, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, United Kingdom
| | - Gyula Kovács
- Department of Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Leutragraben 1, D-07743 Jena, Thüringen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Murphy E, Forseth KJ, Donos C, Snyder KM, Rollo PS, Tandon N. The spatiotemporal dynamics of semantic integration in the human brain. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6336. [PMID: 37875526 PMCID: PMC10598228 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Language depends critically on the integration of lexical information across multiple words to derive semantic concepts. Limitations of spatiotemporal resolution have previously rendered it difficult to isolate processes involved in semantic integration. We utilized intracranial recordings in epilepsy patients (n = 58) who read written word definitions. Descriptions were either referential or non-referential to a common object. Semantically referential sentences enabled high frequency broadband gamma activation (70-150 Hz) of the inferior frontal sulcus (IFS), medial parietal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and medial temporal lobe in the left, language-dominant hemisphere. IFS, OFC and posterior middle temporal gyrus activity was modulated by the semantic coherence of non-referential sentences, exposing semantic effects that were independent of task-based referential status. Components of this network, alongside posterior superior temporal sulcus, were engaged for referential sentences that did not clearly reduce the lexical search space by the final word. These results indicate the existence of complementary cortical mosaics for semantic integration in posterior temporal and inferior frontal cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Murphy
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Kiefer J Forseth
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Donos
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Măgurele, 077125, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Kathryn M Snyder
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Patrick S Rollo
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Steel A, Silson EH, Garcia BD, Robertson CE. A retinotopic code structures the interaction between perception and memory systems. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.15.540807. [PMID: 37292758 PMCID: PMC10245578 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.15.540807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional views of brain organization suggest that the cortical apex processes internally-oriented information using an abstract, amodal neural code. Yet, recent reports have described the presence of retinotopic coding at the cortical apex, including the default mode network. What is the functional role of retinotopic coding atop the cortical hierarchy? Here, we report that retinotopic coding structures interactions between internally-oriented (mnemonic) and externally-oriented (perceptual) brain areas. Using fMRI, we observed robust, inverted (negative) retinotopic coding in category-selective memory areas at the cortical apex, which is functionally linked to the classic (positive) retinotopic coding in category-selective perceptual areas in high-level visual cortex. Specifically, these functionally-linked retinotopic populations in mnemonic and perceptual areas exhibit spatially-specific opponent responses during both bottom-up perception and top-down recall, suggesting that these areas are interlocked in a mutually-inhibitory dynamic. Together, these results show that retinotopic coding structures interactions between perceptual and mnemonic neural systems, thereby scaffolding their dynamic interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Steel
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755
| | - Edward H. Silson
- Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology, and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK EH8 9JZ
| | - Brenda D. Garcia
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Koslov SR, Kable JW, Foster BL. Dissociable contributions of the medial parietal cortex to recognition memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.12.557048. [PMID: 37745317 PMCID: PMC10515876 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.12.557048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Human neuroimaging studies of episodic memory retrieval routinely observe the engagement of specific cortical regions beyond the medial temporal lobe. Of these, medial parietal cortex (MPC) is of particular interest given its ubiquitous, and yet distinct, functional characteristics during different types of retrieval tasks. Specifically, while recognition memory and autobiographical recall tasks are both used to probe episodic retrieval, these paradigms consistently drive distinct patterns of response within MPC. This dissociation adds to growing evidence suggesting a common principle of functional organization across memory related brain structures, specifically regarding the control or content demands of memory-based decisions. To carefully examine this putative organization, we used a high-resolution fMRI dataset collected at ultra-high field (7T) while subjects performed thousands of recognition-memory trials to identify MPC regions responsive to recognition-decisions or semantic content of stimuli within and across individuals. We observed interleaving, though distinct, functional subregions of MPC where responses were sensitive to either recognition decisions or the semantic representation of stimuli, but rarely both. In addition, this functional dissociation within MPC was further accentuated by distinct profiles of connectivity bias with the hippocampus during task and rest. Finally, we show that recent observations of person and place selectivity within MPC reflect category specific responses from within identified semantic regions that are sensitive to mnemonic demands. Together, these data better account for how distinct patterns of MPC responses can occur as a result of task demands during episodic retrieval and may reflect a common principle of organization throughout hippocampal-neocortical memory systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth R. Koslov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Joseph W. Kable
- Department of Psychology; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Brett L. Foster
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kwon Y, Salvo JJ, Anderson N, Holubecki AM, Lakshman M, Yoo K, Kay K, Gratton C, Braga RM. Situating the parietal memory network in the context of multiple parallel distributed networks using high-resolution functional connectivity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.16.553585. [PMID: 37645962 PMCID: PMC10462098 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.16.553585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
A principle of brain organization is that networks serving higher cognitive functions are widely distributed across the brain. One exception has been the parietal memory network (PMN), which plays a role in recognition memory but is often defined as being restricted to posteromedial association cortex. We hypothesized that high-resolution estimates of the PMN would reveal small regions that had been missed by prior approaches. High-field 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from extensively sampled participants was used to define the PMN within individuals. The PMN consistently extended beyond the core posteromedial set to include regions in the inferior parietal lobule; rostral, dorsal, medial, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex; the anterior insula; and ramus marginalis of the cingulate sulcus. The results suggest that, when fine-scale anatomy is considered, the PMN matches the expected distributed architecture of other association networks, reinforcing that parallel distributed networks are an organizing principle of association cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kwon
- Northwestern University Department of Neurology
| | - J J Salvo
- Northwestern University Department of Neurology
| | - N Anderson
- Northwestern University Department of Neurology
| | | | - M Lakshman
- Northwestern University Department of Neurology
| | - K Yoo
- Yale University Department of Psychology
| | - K Kay
- University of Minnesota Department of Radiology
| | - C Gratton
- Florida State University Department of Psychology
| | - R M Braga
- Northwestern University Department of Neurology
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Menon V. 20 years of the default mode network: A review and synthesis. Neuron 2023; 111:2469-2487. [PMID: 37167968 PMCID: PMC10524518 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the default mode network (DMN) has revolutionized our understanding of the workings of the human brain. Here, I review developments that led to the discovery of the DMN, offer a personal reflection, and consider how our ideas of DMN function have evolved over the past two decades. I summarize literature examining the role of the DMN in self-reference, social cognition, episodic and autobiographical memory, language and semantic memory, and mind wandering. I identify unifying themes and propose new perspectives on the DMN's role in human cognition. I argue that the DMN integrates and broadcasts memory, language, and semantic representations to create a coherent "internal narrative" reflecting our individual experiences. This narrative is central to the construction of a sense of self, shapes how we perceive ourselves and interact with others, may have ontogenetic origins in self-directed speech during childhood, and forms a vital component of human consciousness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hebscher M, Bainbridge WA, Voss JL. Neural similarity between overlapping events at learning differentially affects reinstatement across the cortex. Neuroimage 2023; 277:120220. [PMID: 37321360 PMCID: PMC10468827 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory often involves high overlap between the actors, locations, and objects of everyday events. Under some circumstances, it may be beneficial to distinguish, or differentiate, neural representations of similar events to avoid interference at recall. Alternatively, forming overlapping representations of similar events, or integration, may aid recall by linking shared information between memories. It is currently unclear how the brain supports these seemingly conflicting functions of differentiation and integration. We used multivoxel pattern similarity analysis (MVPA) of fMRI data and neural-network analysis of visual similarity to examine how highly overlapping naturalistic events are encoded in patterns of cortical activity, and how the degree of differentiation versus integration at encoding affects later retrieval. Participants performed an episodic memory task in which they learned and recalled naturalistic video stimuli with high feature overlap. Visually similar videos were encoded in overlapping patterns of neural activity in temporal, parietal, and occipital regions, suggesting integration. We further found that encoding processes differentially predicted later reinstatement across the cortex. In visual processing regions in occipital cortex, greater differentiation at encoding predicted later reinstatement. Higher-level sensory processing regions in temporal and parietal lobes showed the opposite pattern, whereby highly integrated stimuli showed greater reinstatement. Moreover, integration in high-level sensory processing regions during encoding predicted greater accuracy and vividness at recall. These findings provide novel evidence that encoding-related differentiation and integration processes across the cortex have divergent effects on later recall of highly similar naturalistic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Hebscher
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Wilma A Bainbridge
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; The Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Joel L Voss
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Du J, DiNicola LM, Angeli PA, Saadon-Grosman N, Sun W, Kaiser S, Ladopoulou J, Xue A, Yeo BTT, Eldaief MC, Buckner RL. Within-Individual Organization of the Human Cerebral Cortex: Networks, Global Topography, and Function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.08.552437. [PMID: 37609246 PMCID: PMC10441314 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.08.552437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The human cerebral cortex is populated by specialized regions that are organized into networks. Here we estimated networks using a Multi-Session Hierarchical Bayesian Model (MS-HBM) applied to intensively sampled within-individual functional MRI (fMRI) data. The network estimation procedure was initially developed and tested in two participants (each scanned 31 times) and then prospectively applied to 15 new participants (each scanned 8 to 11 times). Detailed analysis of the networks revealed a global organization. Locally organized first-order sensory and motor networks were surrounded by spatially adjacent second-order networks that also linked to distant regions. Third-order networks each possessed regions distributed widely throughout association cortex. Moreover, regions of distinct third-order networks displayed side-by-side juxtapositions with a pattern that repeated similarly across multiple cortical zones. We refer to these as Supra-Areal Association Megaclusters (SAAMs). Within each SAAM, two candidate control regions were typically adjacent to three separate domain-specialized regions. Independent task data were analyzed to explore functional response properties. The somatomotor and visual first-order networks responded to body movements and visual stimulation, respectively. A subset of the second-order networks responded to transients in an oddball detection task, consistent with a role in orienting to salient or novel events. The third-order networks, including distinct regions within each SAAM, showed two levels of functional specialization. Regions linked to candidate control networks responded to working memory load across multiple stimulus domains. The remaining regions within each SAAM did not track working memory load but rather dissociated across language, social, and spatial / episodic processing domains. These results support a model of the cerebral cortex in which progressively higher-order networks nest outwards from primary sensory and motor cortices. Within the apex zones of association cortex there is specialization of large-scale networks that divides domain-flexible from domain-specialized regions repeatedly across parietal, temporal, and prefrontal cortices. We discuss implications of these findings including how repeating organizational motifs may emerge during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Du
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lauren M DiNicola
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Peter A Angeli
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Noam Saadon-Grosman
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Wendy Sun
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Stephanie Kaiser
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Joanna Ladopoulou
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Aihuiping Xue
- Centre for Sleep & Cognition & Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Centre for Sleep & Cognition & Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark C Eldaief
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Deen B, Schwiedrzik CM, Sliwa J, Freiwald WA. Specialized Networks for Social Cognition in the Primate Brain. Annu Rev Neurosci 2023; 46:381-401. [PMID: 37428602 PMCID: PMC11115357 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-102522-121410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Primates have evolved diverse cognitive capabilities to navigate their complex social world. To understand how the brain implements critical social cognitive abilities, we describe functional specialization in the domains of face processing, social interaction understanding, and mental state attribution. Systems for face processing are specialized from the level of single cells to populations of neurons within brain regions to hierarchically organized networks that extract and represent abstract social information. Such functional specialization is not confined to the sensorimotor periphery but appears to be a pervasive theme of primate brain organization all the way to the apex regions of cortical hierarchies. Circuits processing social information are juxtaposed with parallel systems involved in processing nonsocial information, suggesting common computations applied to different domains. The emerging picture of the neural basis of social cognition is a set of distinct but interacting subnetworks involved in component processes such as face perception and social reasoning, traversing large parts of the primate brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Deen
- Psychology Department & Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Caspar M Schwiedrzik
- Neural Circuits and Cognition Lab, European Neuroscience Institute Göttingen, A Joint Initiative of the University Medical Center Göttingen and the Max Planck Society; Perception and Plasticity Group, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research; and Leibniz-Science Campus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Sliwa
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau, ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Winrich A Freiwald
- Laboratory of Neural Systems and The Price Family Center for the Social Brain, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA;
- The Center for Brains, Minds and Machines, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rolls ET, Deco G, Huang CC, Feng J. The human posterior parietal cortex: effective connectome, and its relation to function. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:3142-3170. [PMID: 35834902 PMCID: PMC10401905 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective connectivity between 21 regions in the human posterior parietal cortex, and 360 cortical regions was measured in 171 Human Connectome Project (HCP) participants using the HCP atlas, and complemented with functional connectivity and diffusion tractography. Intraparietal areas LIP, VIP, MIP, and AIP have connectivity from early cortical visual regions, and to visuomotor regions such as the frontal eye fields, consistent with functions in eye saccades and tracking. Five superior parietal area 7 regions receive from similar areas and from the intraparietal areas, but also receive somatosensory inputs and connect with premotor areas including area 6, consistent with functions in performing actions to reach for, grasp, and manipulate objects. In the anterior inferior parietal cortex, PFop, PFt, and PFcm are mainly somatosensory, and PF in addition receives visuo-motor and visual object information, and is implicated in multimodal shape and body image representations. In the posterior inferior parietal cortex, PFm and PGs combine visuo-motor, visual object, and reward input and connect with the hippocampal system. PGi in addition provides a route to motion-related superior temporal sulcus regions involved in social interactions. PGp has connectivity with intraparietal regions involved in coordinate transforms and may be involved in idiothetic update of hippocampal visual scene representations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200403, China
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Center for Brain and Cognition, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain
- Brain and Cognition, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona 08018, Spain
- Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200602, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai 200602, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200403, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Foster BL, Koslov SR, Aponik-Gremillion L, Monko ME, Hayden BY, Heilbronner SR. A tripartite view of the posterior cingulate cortex. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:173-189. [PMID: 36456807 PMCID: PMC10041987 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is one of the least understood regions of the cerebral cortex. By contrast, the anterior cingulate cortex has been the subject of intensive investigation in humans and model animal systems, leading to detailed behavioural and computational theoretical accounts of its function. The time is right for similar progress to be made in the PCC given its unique anatomical and physiological properties and demonstrably important contributions to higher cognitive functions and brain diseases. Here, we describe recent progress in understanding the PCC, with a focus on convergent findings across species and techniques that lay a foundation for establishing a formal theoretical account of its functions. Based on this converging evidence, we propose that the broader PCC region contains three major subregions - the dorsal PCC, ventral PCC and retrosplenial cortex - that respectively support the integration of executive, mnemonic and spatial processing systems. This tripartite subregional view reconciles inconsistencies in prior unitary theories of PCC function and offers promising new avenues for progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett L Foster
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Seth R Koslov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lyndsey Aponik-Gremillion
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Health Sciences, Dumke College for Health Professionals, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
| | - Megan E Monko
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin Y Hayden
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Center for Neural Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Corriveau A, Kidder A, Teichmann L, Wardle SG, Baker CI. Sustained neural representations of personally familiar people and places during cued recall. Cortex 2023; 158:71-82. [PMID: 36459788 PMCID: PMC9840701 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The recall and visualization of people and places from memory is an everyday occurrence, yet the neural mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon are not well understood. In particular, the temporal characteristics of the internal representations generated by active recall are unclear. Here, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) and multivariate pattern analysis to measure the evolving neural representation of familiar places and people across the whole brain when human participants engage in active recall. To isolate self-generated imagined representations, we used a retro-cue paradigm in which participants were first presented with two possible labels before being cued to recall either the first or second item. We collected personalized labels for specific locations and people familiar to each participant. Importantly, no visual stimuli were presented during the recall period, and the retro-cue paradigm allowed the dissociation of responses associated with the labels from those corresponding to the self-generated representations. First, we found that following the retro-cue it took on average ∼1000 ms for distinct neural representations of freely recalled people or places to develop. Second, we found distinct representations of personally familiar concepts throughout the 4 s recall period. Finally, we found that these representations were highly stable and generalizable across time. These results suggest that self-generated visualizations and recall of familiar places and people are subserved by a stable neural mechanism that operates relatively slowly when under conscious control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Corriveau
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA; Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Alexis Kidder
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | - Lina Teichmann
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Susan G Wardle
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Chris I Baker
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Desai RH, Tadimeti U, Riccardi N. Proper and common names in the semantic system. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:239-254. [PMID: 36372812 PMCID: PMC10171918 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Proper names are an important part of language and communication. They are thought to have a special status due to their neuropsychological and psycholinguistic profile. To what extent proper names rely on the same semantic system as common names is not clear. In an fMRI study, we presented the same group of participants with both proper and common names to compare the associated activations. Both person and place names, as well as personally familiar and famous names were used, and compared with words representing concrete and abstract concepts. A whole-brain analysis was followed by a detailed analysis of subdivisions of four regions of interest known to play a central role in the semantic system: angular gyrus, anterior temporal lobe, posterior cingulate complex, and medial temporal lobe. We found that most subdivisions within these regions bilaterally were activated by both proper names and common names. The bilateral perirhinal and right entorhinal cortex showed a response specific to proper names, suggesting an item-specific role in retrieving person and place related information. While activation to person and place names overlapped greatly, place names were differentiated by activating areas associated with spatial memory and navigation. Person names showed greater right hemisphere involvement compared to places, suggesting a wider range of associations. Personally familiar names showed stronger activation bilaterally compared to famous names, indicating representations that are enhanced by autobiographic and episodic details. Both proper and common names are processed in the wider semantic system that contains associative, episodic, and spatial components. Processing of proper names is characterized by a somewhat stronger involvement these components, rather than by a fundamentally different system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rutvik H Desai
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA.
- Institute for Mind and Brain, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA.
| | - Usha Tadimeti
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - Nicholas Riccardi
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
DiNicola LM, Ariyo OI, Buckner RL. Functional specialization of parallel distributed networks revealed by analysis of trial-to-trial variation in processing demands. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:17-40. [PMID: 36197013 PMCID: PMC9799157 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00211.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple large-scale networks populate human association cortex. Here, we explored the functional properties of these networks by exploiting trial-to-trial variation in component-processing demands. In two behavioral studies (n = 136 and n = 238), participants quantified strategies used to solve individual task trials that spanned remembering, imagining future scenarios, and various control trials. These trials were also all scanned in an independent sample of functional MRI participants (n = 10), each with sufficient data to precisely define within-individual networks. Stable latent factors varied across trials and correlated with trial-level functional responses selectively across networks. One network linked to parahippocampal cortex, labeled Default Network A (DN-A), tracked scene construction, including for control trials that possessed minimal episodic memory demands. To the degree, a trial encouraged participants to construct a mental scene with imagery and awareness about spatial locations of objects or places, the response in DN-A increased. The juxtaposed Default Network B (DN-B) showed no such response but varied in relation to social processing demands. Another adjacent network, labeled Frontoparietal Network B (FPN-B), robustly correlated with trial difficulty. These results support that DN-A and DN-B are specialized networks differentially supporting information processing within spatial and social domains. Both networks are dissociable from a closely juxtaposed domain-general control network that tracks cognitive effort.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tasks shown to differentially recruit parallel association networks are multifaceted, leaving open questions about network processes. Here, examining trial-to-trial network response properties in relation to trial traits reveals new insights into network functions. In particular, processes linked to scene construction selectively recruit a distributed network with links to parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortices, including during trials designed not to rely on the personal past. Adjacent networks show distinct patterns, providing novel evidence of functional specialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. DiNicola
- 1Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Oluwatobi I. Ariyo
- 1Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Randy L. Buckner
- 1Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts,2Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts,3Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Concurrent contextual and time-distant mnemonic information co-exist as feedback in the human visual cortex. Neuroimage 2023; 265:119778. [PMID: 36462731 PMCID: PMC9878579 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient processing of the visual environment necessitates the integration of incoming sensory evidence with concurrent contextual inputs and mnemonic content from our past experiences. To examine how this integration takes place in the brain, we isolated different types of feedback signals from the neural patterns of non-stimulated areas of the early visual cortex in humans (i.e., V1 and V2). Using multivariate pattern analysis, we showed that both contextual and time-distant information, coexist in V1 and V2 as feedback signals. In addition, we found that the extent to which mnemonic information is reinstated in V1 and V2 depends on whether the information is retrieved episodically or semantically. Critically, this reinstatement was independent on the retrieval route in the object-selective cortex. These results demonstrate that our early visual processing contains not just direct and indirect information from the visual surrounding, but also memory-based predictions.
Collapse
|
31
|
Complementary hemispheric lateralization of language and social processing in the human brain. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
32
|
Bainbridge WA, Baker CI. Multidimensional memory topography in the medial parietal cortex identified from neuroimaging of thousands of daily memory videos. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6508. [PMID: 36316315 PMCID: PMC9622880 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Our memories form a tapestry of events, people, and places, woven across the decades of our lives. However, research has often been limited in assessing the nature of episodic memory by using artificial stimuli and short time scales. The explosion of social media enables new ways to examine the neural representations of naturalistic episodic memories, for features like the memory's age, location, memory strength, and emotions. We recruited 23 users of a video diary app ("1 s Everyday"), who had recorded 9266 daily memory videos spanning up to 7 years. During a 3 T fMRI scan, participants viewed 300 of their memory videos intermixed with 300 from another individual. We find that memory features are tightly interrelated, highlighting the need to test them in conjunction, and discover a multidimensional topography in medial parietal cortex, with subregions sensitive to a memory's age, strength, and the familiarity of the people and places involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilma A Bainbridge
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Chris I Baker
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fan X, Guo Q, Zhang X, Fei L, He S, Weng X. Top-down modulation and cortical-AMG/HPC interaction in familiar face processing. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:4677-4687. [PMID: 36156127 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans can accurately recognize familiar faces in only a few hundred milliseconds, but the underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. Here, we recorded intracranial electrophysiological signals from ventral temporal cortex (VTC), superior/middle temporal cortex (STC/MTC), medial parietal cortex (MPC), and amygdala/hippocampus (AMG/HPC) in 20 epilepsy patients while they viewed faces of famous people and strangers as well as common objects. In posterior VTC and MPC, familiarity-sensitive responses emerged significantly later than initial face-selective responses, suggesting that familiarity enhances face representations after they are first being extracted. Moreover, viewing famous faces increased the coupling between cortical areas and AMG/HPC in multiple frequency bands. These findings advance our understanding of the neural basis of familiar face perception by identifying the top-down modulation in local face-selective response and interactions between cortical face areas and AMG/HPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Fan
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, United States
| | - Qiang Guo
- Epilepsy Center, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510510, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education,Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510898, China
| | - Lingxia Fei
- Epilepsy Center, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510510, China
| | - Sheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xuchu Weng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education,Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510898, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rideaux R, Ehrhardt SE, Wards Y, Filmer HL, Jin J, Deelchand DK, Marjańska M, Mattingley JB, Dux PE. On the relationship between GABA+ and glutamate across the brain. Neuroimage 2022; 257:119273. [PMID: 35526748 PMCID: PMC9924060 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Equilibrium between excitation and inhibition (E/I balance) is key to healthy brain function. Conversely, disruption of normal E/I balance has been implicated in a range of central neurological pathologies. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a non-invasive means of quantifying in vivo concentrations of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, which could be used as diagnostic biomarkers. Using the ratio of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters as an index of E/I balance is common practice in MRS work, but recent studies have shown inconsistent evidence for the validity of this proxy. This is underscored by the fact that different measures are often used in calculating E/I balance such as glutamate and Glx (glutamate and glutamine). Here we used a large MRS dataset obtained at ultra-high field (7 T) measured from 193 healthy young adults and focused on two brain regions - prefrontal and occipital cortex - to resolve this inconsistency. We find evidence that there is an inter-individual common ratio between GABA+ (γ-aminobutyric acid and macromolecules) and Glx in the occipital, but not prefrontal cortex. We further replicate the prefrontal result in a legacy dataset (n = 78) measured at high-field (3 T) strength. By contrast, with ultra-high field MRS data, we find extreme evidence that there is a common ratio between GABA+ and glutamate in both prefrontal and occipital cortices, which cannot be explained by participant demographics, signal quality, fractional tissue volume, or other metabolite concentrations. These results are consistent with previous electrophysiological and theoretical work supporting E/I balance. Our findings indicate that MRS-detected GABA+ and glutamate (but not Glx), are a reliable measure of E/I balance .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Rideaux
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
| | - Shane E Ehrhardt
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Yohan Wards
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Hannah L Filmer
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Jin Jin
- Siemens Healthcare Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Australia; Center for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Dinesh K Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jason B Mattingley
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Paul E Dux
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li M, Huang H, Guo B, Meng M. Distinct response properties between the FFA to faces and the PPA to houses. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2706. [PMID: 35848943 PMCID: PMC9392545 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The object recognition system involves both selectivity to specific object category and invariance to changes in low-level visual features. Mounting neuroimaging evidence supports that brain areas in the ventral temporal cortex, such as the FFA and PPA, respond preferentially to faces and houses, respectively. However, how regions in human ventral temporal cortex partitioned and functionally organized to selectively and invariantly respond to different object categories remains unclear. What are the changes of response properties at the intersection of adjacent but distinctively-selective regions? METHOD Here, we conducted an fMRI study and three-pronged analyses to compare the brain mapping relationships between the FFA to faces and the PPA to houses. Specifically, we examined: 1) the response properties of object selectivity to the preferred category; 2) the response properties of invariance to contrast and a concurrently presented non-preferred category; 3) whether there are asymmetrical changes of response properties across the boundary from the FFA to PPA versus from the PPA to FFA. RESULTS We found that the response properties of FFA are highly selective and reliably invariant, whereas the responses of PPA vary with the image contrast and concurrently presented face. Moreover, the response properties across the boundary between the FFA and PPA are asymmetrical from face-selective to house-selective relative to from house-selective to face-selective. CONCLUSIONS These results convergently revealed distinct response properties between the FFA to faces and the PPA to houses, implying a combination of spatially discrete domain-specific and relatively distributed domain-general organization mapping in human ventral temporal cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjin Li
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingbing Guo
- School of Teacher Education, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Meng
- Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory of Reading and Development in Children and Adolescents (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Beyh A, Dell'Acqua F, Cancemi D, De Santiago Requejo F, Ffytche D, Catani M. The medial occipital longitudinal tract supports early stage encoding of visuospatial information. Commun Biol 2022; 5:318. [PMID: 35383284 PMCID: PMC8983765 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Visuospatial learning depends on the parahippocampal place area (PPA), a functionally heterogenous area which current visuospatial processing models place downstream from parietal cortex and only from area V4 of early visual cortex (EVC). However, evidence for anatomical connections between the PPA and other EVC areas is inconsistent, and these connections are not discussed in current models. Through a data-driven analysis based on diffusion MRI tractography, we present evidence that the PPA sits at the confluence of two white matter systems. The first conveys information from the retrosplenial complex to the anterior PPA and runs within the cingulum bundle. The second system connects all peripheral EVC areas to the posterior PPA and corresponds to the medial occipital longitudinal tract (MOLT), a white matter pathway that is distinct from the cingulum and that we describe here in detail. Based on further functional connectivity analysis and meta-analytic data, we propose that the MOLT supports early stage encoding of visuospatial information by allowing direct reciprocal exchange between the PPA and EVC. Our findings may improve symptom interpretation in stroke and tumour patients with damage to the medial occipito-temporal region and call for revisiting current visuospatial processing models. A white matter pathway (termed, MOLT) connecting the parahippocampal place area and the medial early visual cortex contributes to visuospatial learning in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Beyh
- NatBrainLab, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK. .,NatBrainLab, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Flavio Dell'Acqua
- NatBrainLab, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Daniele Cancemi
- NatBrainLab, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Francisco De Santiago Requejo
- NatBrainLab, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Dominic Ffytche
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Marco Catani
- NatBrainLab, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,NatBrainLab, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
SIlson EH, Morland AB. The search for shape-centered representations. Cogn Neuropsychol 2022; 39:85-87. [PMID: 35337256 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2052718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward H SIlson
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Antony B Morland
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, UK.,York NeuroImaging Centre, The Biocentre, York Science Park, Heslington, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Three cortical scene systems and their development. Trends Cogn Sci 2022; 26:117-127. [PMID: 34857468 PMCID: PMC8770598 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of three scene-selective regions in the human brain, a central assumption has been that all three regions directly support navigation. We propose instead that cortical scene processing regions support three distinct computational goals (and one not for navigation at all): (i) The parahippocampal place area supports scene categorization, which involves recognizing the kind of place we are in; (ii) the occipital place area supports visually guided navigation, which involves finding our way through the immediately visible environment, avoiding boundaries and obstacles; and (iii) the retrosplenial complex supports map-based navigation, which involves finding our way from a specific place to some distant, out-of-sight place. We further hypothesize that these systems develop along different timelines, with both navigation systems developing slower than the scene categorization system.
Collapse
|
39
|
Woolnough O, Kadipasaoglu CM, Conner CR, Forseth KJ, Rollo PS, Rollo MJ, Baboyan VG, Tandon N. Dataset of human intracranial recordings during famous landmark identification. Sci Data 2022; 9:28. [PMID: 35102154 PMCID: PMC8803828 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For most people, recalling information about familiar items in a visual scene is an effortless task, but it is one that depends on coordinated interactions of multiple, distributed neural components. We leveraged the high spatiotemporal resolution of direct intracranial recordings to better delineate the network dynamics underpinning visual scene recognition. We present a dataset of recordings from a large cohort of humans while they identified images of famous landmarks (50 individuals, 52 recording sessions, 6,775 electrodes, 6,541 trials). This dataset contains local field potential recordings derived from subdural and penetrating electrodes covering broad areas of cortex across both hemispheres. We provide this pre-processed data with behavioural metrics (correct/incorrect, response times) and electrode localisation in a population-normalised cortical surface space. This rich dataset will allow further investigation into the spatiotemporal progression of multiple neural processes underlying visual processing, scene recognition and cued memory recall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Woolnough
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Cihan M Kadipasaoglu
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Christopher R Conner
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
- Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Kiefer J Forseth
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Patrick S Rollo
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Matthew J Rollo
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Vatche G Baboyan
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America.
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America.
- Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Spatially Adjacent Regions in Posterior Cingulate Cortex Represent Familiar Faces at Different Levels of Complexity. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9807-9826. [PMID: 34670848 PMCID: PMC8612644 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1580-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has shown that perceptual information of faces is processed in a network of hierarchically-organized areas within ventral temporal cortex. For familiar and famous faces, perceptual processing of faces is normally accompanied by extraction of semantic knowledge about the social status of persons. Semantic processing of familiar faces could entail progressive stages of information abstraction. However, the cortical mechanisms supporting multistage processing of familiar faces have not been characterized. Here, using an event-related fMRI experiment, familiar faces from four celebrity groups (actors, singers, politicians, and football players) and unfamiliar faces were presented to the human subjects (both males and females) while they were engaged in a face categorization task. We systematically explored the cortical representations for faces, familiar faces, subcategories of familiar faces, and familiar face identities using whole-brain univariate analysis, searchlight-based multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA), and functional connectivity analysis. Convergent evidence from all these analyses revealed a set of overlapping regions within posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) that contained decodable fMRI responses for representing different levels of semantic knowledge about familiar faces. Our results suggest a multistage pathway in PCC for processing semantic information of faces, analogous to the multistage pathway in ventral temporal cortex for processing perceptual information of faces.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Recognizing familiar faces is an important component of social communications. Previous research has shown that a distributed network of brain areas is involved in processing the semantic information of familiar faces. However, it is not clear how different levels of semantic information are represented in the brain. Here, we evaluated the multivariate response patterns across the entire cortex to discover the areas that contain information for familiar faces, subcategories of familiar faces, and identities of familiar faces. The searchlight maps revealed that different levels of semantic information are represented in topographically adjacent areas within posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). The results suggest that semantic processing of faces is mediated through progressive stages of information abstraction in PCC.
Collapse
|
41
|
Direct comparison of contralateral bias and face/scene selectivity in human occipitotemporal cortex. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:1405-1421. [PMID: 34727232 PMCID: PMC9046350 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Human visual cortex is organised broadly according to two major principles: retinotopy (the spatial mapping of the retina in cortex) and category-selectivity (preferential responses to specific categories of stimuli). Historically, these principles were considered anatomically separate, with retinotopy restricted to the occipital cortex and category-selectivity emerging in the lateral-occipital and ventral-temporal cortex. However, recent studies show that category-selective regions exhibit systematic retinotopic biases, for example exhibiting stronger activation for stimuli presented in the contra- compared to the ipsilateral visual field. It is unclear, however, whether responses within category-selective regions are more strongly driven by retinotopic location or by category preference, and if there are systematic differences between category-selective regions in the relative strengths of these preferences. Here, we directly compare contralateral and category preferences by measuring fMRI responses to scene and face stimuli presented in the left or right visual field and computing two bias indices: a contralateral bias (response to the contralateral minus ipsilateral visual field) and a face/scene bias (preferred response to scenes compared to faces, or vice versa). We compare these biases within and between scene- and face-selective regions and across the lateral and ventral surfaces of the visual cortex more broadly. We find an interaction between surface and bias: lateral surface regions show a stronger contralateral than face/scene bias, whilst ventral surface regions show the opposite. These effects are robust across and within subjects, and appear to reflect large-scale, smoothly varying gradients. Together, these findings support distinct functional roles for the lateral and ventral visual cortex in terms of the relative importance of the spatial location of stimuli during visual information processing.
Collapse
|
42
|
Cooper RA, Kurkela KA, Davis SW, Ritchey M. Mapping the organization and dynamics of the posterior medial network during movie watching. Neuroimage 2021; 236:118075. [PMID: 33910099 PMCID: PMC8290580 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain regions within a posterior medial network (PMN) are characterized by sensitivity to episodic tasks, and they also demonstrate strong functional connectivity as part of the default network. Despite its cohesive structure, delineating the intranetwork organization and functional diversity of the PMN is crucial for understanding its contributions to multidimensional event cognition. Here, we probed functional connectivity of the PMN during movie watching to identify its pattern of connections and subnetwork functions in a split-sample replication of 136 participants. Consistent with prior findings of default network fractionation, we identified distinct PMN subsystems: a Ventral PM subsystem (retrosplenial cortex, parahippocampal cortex, posterior angular gyrus) and a Dorsal PM subsystem (medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, anterior angular gyrus). Ventral and Dorsal PM subsystems were differentiated by functional connectivity with parahippocampal cortex and precuneus and integrated by retrosplenial cortex and posterior cingulate cortex, respectively. Finally, the distinction between PMN subsystems is functionally relevant: whereas both Dorsal and Ventral PM connectivity tracked the movie content, only Ventral PM connections increased in strength at event transitions and appeared sensitive to episodic memory. Overall, these findings reveal PMN functional pathways and the distinct functional roles of intranetwork subsystems during event cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rose A Cooper
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, United States.
| | - Kyle A Kurkela
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, United States
| | - Simon W Davis
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Maureen Ritchey
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Grande X, Berron D, Maass A, Bainbridge WA, Düzel E. Content-specific vulnerability of recent episodic memories in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychologia 2021; 160:107976. [PMID: 34314781 PMCID: PMC8434425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endel Tulving's episodic memory framework emphasizes the multifaceted re-experiencing of personal events. Indeed, decades of research focused on the experiential nature of episodic memories, usually treating recent episodic memory as a coherent experiential quality. However, recent insights into the functional architecture of the medial temporal lobe show that different types of mnemonic information are segregated into distinct neural pathways in brain circuits empirically associated with episodic memory. Moreover, recent memories do not fade as a whole under conditions of progressive neurodegeneration in these brain circuits, notably in Alzheimer's disease. Instead, certain memory content seem particularly vulnerable from the moment of their encoding while other content can remain memorable consistently across individuals and contexts. We propose that these observations are related to the content-specific functional architecture of the medial temporal lobe and consequently to a content-specific impairment of memory at different stages of the neurodegeneration. To develop Endel Tulving's inspirational legacy further and to advance our understanding of how memory function is affected by neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, we postulate that it is compelling to focus on the representational content of recent episodic memories. The functional anatomy of episodic memory segregates different memory content. Alzheimer's disease may cause content-specific loss of recent memories Content-specific memorability across individuals changes with Alzheimer's disease. Content-specific assessment could provide new insights into episodic memory in health and disease
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Grande
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - David Berron
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne Maass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ambrus GG, Eick CM, Kaiser D, Kovács G. Getting to Know You: Emerging Neural Representations during Face Familiarization. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5687-5698. [PMID: 34031162 PMCID: PMC8244976 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2466-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful recognition of familiar persons is critical for social interactions. Despite extensive research on the neural representations of familiar faces, we know little about how such representations unfold as someone becomes familiar. In three EEG experiments on human participants of both sexes, we elucidated how representations of face familiarity and identity emerge from different qualities of familiarization: brief perceptual exposure (Experiment 1), extensive media familiarization (Experiment 2), and real-life personal familiarization (Experiment 3). Time-resolved representational similarity analysis revealed that familiarization quality has a profound impact on representations of face familiarity: they were strongly visible after personal familiarization, weaker after media familiarization, and absent after perceptual familiarization. Across all experiments, we found no enhancement of face identity representation, suggesting that familiarity and identity representations emerge independently during face familiarization. Our results emphasize the importance of extensive, real-life familiarization for the emergence of robust face familiarity representations, constraining models of face perception and recognition memory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Despite extensive research on the neural representations of familiar faces, we know little about how such representations unfold as someone becomes familiar. To elucidate how face representations change as we get familiar with someone, we conducted three EEG experiments where we used brief perceptual exposure, extensive media familiarization, or real-life personal familiarization. Using multivariate representational similarity analysis, we demonstrate that the method of familiarization has a profound impact on face representations, and emphasize the importance of real-life familiarization. Additionally, familiarization shapes representations of face familiarity and identity differently: as we get to know someone, familiarity signals seem to appear before the formation of identity representations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Géza Gergely Ambrus
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Leutragraben 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Charlotta Marina Eick
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Leutragraben 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Kaiser
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Gyula Kovács
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Leutragraben 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Disrupted Strength and Stability of Regional Brain Activity in Disorder of Consciousness Patients: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Neuroscience 2021; 469:59-67. [PMID: 34186111 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the resting-state networks of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) have been widely investigated, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Here we aimed to explore the static and dynamic alterations in the regional brain activity in patients with DOC and detect the diagnostic ability of each index. Nineteen patients in the vegetative state, 19 in the minimally conscious state (MCS), and 41 healthy controls were recruited for this study. The fractional amplitudes of the low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and dynamic fALFF (dfALFF) values were computed, and intergroup differences were detected by analysis of variance. Sub-frequency analysis (slow-4 band and slow-5 band) of fALFF was also performed. Machine learning classifiers were established based on these measures to explore the classification accuracies between patients and controls. The fALFF and dfALFF analyses showed significant intergroup differences in the medial prefrontal gyrus, precuneus, left angular gyrus, and right middle cingulate cortex (MCC), whereas only the dfALFF analysis revealed aberrations in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), right angular gyrus, left supramarginal gyrus (SMG), and left middle occipital gyrus (MOG). Sub-frequency analysis suggested a potential frequency dependent alteration in the default mode network (DMN). The fALFF model exhibited a higher classification accuracy (ACC) (90.50%) than the dfALFF model (86.29%). The combination of fALFF and dfALFF did not improve classification performance. The strength and stability of regional brain activities were disrupted in patients with DOC. Our findings demonstrate that dynamic analysis may reveal more pathological regions and provide a better understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of DOC.
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
"Mental travel" is a cognitive concept embodying the human capacity to intentionally disengage from the here and now, and mentally experience the world from different perspectives. We explored how individuals mentally "travel" to the point of view (POV) of other people in varying levels of personal closeness and from these perspectives process these people's social network. Under fMRI, participants were asked to "project" themselves to the POVs of four different people: a close other, a nonclose other, a famous-person, and their own-self, and rate the level of affiliation (closeness) to different individuals in the respective social network. Participants were always faster making judgments from their own POV compared with other POVs (self-projection effect) and for people who were personally closer to their adopted POV (social-distance effect). Brain activity at the medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in the self-POV was higher, compared with all other conditions. Activity at the right temporoparietal junction and medial parietal cortex was found to distinguish between the personally related (self, close, and nonclose others) and unrelated (famous-person) people. No difference was found between mental travel to the POVs of close and nonclose others. Regardless of POV, the precuneus, anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, and temporoparietal junction distinguished between close and distant individuals within the different social networks. Representational similarity analysis implicated the left retrosplenial cortex as crucial for social distance processing across all POVs. These distinctions suggest several constraints regarding our ability to adopt others' POV and process not only ours but also other people's social networks and stress the importance of proximity in social cognition.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Mental-travel, the ability to mentally imagine oneself in a different place and time, is a fundamental cognitive concept. Investigation of mental-travel in the social domain under fMRI revealed that a network of brain regions, largely overlapping the default-mode-network, is responsible for "traveling" to points of view of different others; moreover, this network distinguishes between closer and less-close others, suggesting that mental-travel is a rich dynamical process, encompassing individuals in different proximities and these individuals' social network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mordechai Hayman
- Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Medical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shahar Arzy
- Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Medical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Peer M, Hayman M, Tamir B, Arzy S. Brain Coding of Social Network Structure. J Neurosci 2021; 41:4897-4909. [PMID: 33903220 PMCID: PMC8260169 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2641-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have large social networks, with hundreds of interacting individuals. How does the brain represent the complex connectivity structure of these networks? Here we used social media (Facebook) data to objectively map participants' real-life social networks. We then used representational similarity analysis (RSA) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity patterns to investigate the neural coding of these social networks as participants reflected on each individual. We found coding of social network distances in the default-mode network (medial prefrontal, medial parietal, and lateral parietal cortices). When using partial correlation RSA to control for other factors that can be correlated to social distance (personal affiliation, personality traits. and visual appearance, as subjectively rated by the participants), we found that social network distance information was uniquely coded in the retrosplenial complex, a region involved in spatial processing. In contrast, information on individuals' personal affiliation to the participants and personality traits was found in the medial parietal and prefrontal cortices, respectively. These findings demonstrate a cortical division between representations of non-self-referenced (allocentric) social network structure, self-referenced (egocentric) social distance, and trait-based social knowledge.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Each of us has a social network composed of hundreds of individuals, with different characteristics and different relations among them. How does our brain represent this complexity? To find out, we mapped participants' social connections using Facebook data and then asked them to think about individuals from their network while undergoing functional MRI scanning. We found that the position of individuals within the social network, as well as their affiliation to the participant, are mapped in the retrosplenial complex, a region involved in spatial processing. Individuals' personality traits were coded in another region, the medial prefrontal cortex. Our findings demonstrate a neural dissociation among different aspects of social knowledge and suggest a link between spatial and social cognitive mapping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Peer
- Department of Medical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Mordechai Hayman
- Department of Medical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Bar Tamir
- Department of Medical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Shahar Arzy
- Department of Medical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Barnett AJ, Reilly W, Dimsdale-Zucker HR, Mizrak E, Reagh Z, Ranganath C. Intrinsic connectivity reveals functionally distinct cortico-hippocampal networks in the human brain. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001275. [PMID: 34077415 PMCID: PMC8202937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory depends on interactions between the hippocampus and interconnected neocortical regions. Here, using data-driven analyses of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, we identified the networks that interact with the hippocampus-the default mode network (DMN) and a "medial temporal network" (MTN) that included regions in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and precuneus. We observed that the MTN plays a critical role in connecting the visual network to the DMN and hippocampus. The DMN could be further divided into 3 subnetworks: a "posterior medial" (PM) subnetwork comprised of posterior cingulate and lateral parietal cortices; an "anterior temporal" (AT) subnetwork comprised of regions in the temporopolar and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; and a "medial prefrontal" (MP) subnetwork comprised of regions primarily in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). These networks vary in their functional connectivity (FC) along the hippocampal long axis and represent different kinds of information during memory-guided decision-making. Finally, a Neurosynth meta-analysis of fMRI studies suggests new hypotheses regarding the functions of the MTN and DMN subnetworks, providing a framework to guide future research on the neural architecture of episodic memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Barnett
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Walter Reilly
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | | | - Eda Mizrak
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zachariah Reagh
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Charan Ranganath
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rideaux R. No balance between glutamate+glutamine and GABA+ in visual or motor cortices of the human brain: A magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Neuroimage 2021; 237:118191. [PMID: 34023450 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretical work, supported by electrophysiological evidence, asserts that a balance between excitation and inhibition (E/I) is critical for healthy brain function. In magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies, the ratio of excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitory (γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA) neurotransmitters is often used as a proxy for this E/I balance. Recent MRS work found a positive correlation between GABA+ and Glx (glutamate+glutamine) in medial parietal cortex, providing validation for this proxy and supporting the link between the E/I balance observed in electrophysiology and that detected with MRS. Here we assess the same relationship, between GABA+ and Glx, in visual and motor cortices of male and female human participants. We find moderate to strong evidence that there is no positive correlation between these neurotransmitters in either location. We show this holds true when controlling for a range of other factors (i.e., demographics, signal quality, tissue composition, other neurochemicals) and regardless of the state of neural activity (i.e., resting/active). These results show that there is no brain-wide balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters and indicates a dissociation between the E/I balance observed in electrophysiological work and the ratio of MRS-detected neurotransmitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Rideaux
- Department of Psychology, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, UK; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Steel A, Billings MM, Silson EH, Robertson CE. A network linking scene perception and spatial memory systems in posterior cerebral cortex. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2632. [PMID: 33976141 PMCID: PMC8113503 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22848-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural systems supporting scene-perception and spatial-memory systems of the human brain are well-described. But how do these neural systems interact? Here, using fine-grained individual-subject fMRI, we report three cortical areas of the human brain, each lying immediately anterior to a region of the scene perception network in posterior cerebral cortex, that selectively activate when recalling familiar real-world locations. Despite their close proximity to the scene-perception areas, network analyses show that these regions constitute a distinct functional network that interfaces with spatial memory systems during naturalistic scene understanding. These "place-memory areas" offer a new framework for understanding how the brain implements memory-guided visual behaviors, including navigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Steel
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Madeleine M. Billings
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Edward H. Silson
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology, and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ UK
| | - Caroline E. Robertson
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| |
Collapse
|