1
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Trumble BC, Schwartz M, Ozga AT, Schwartz GT, Stojanowski CM, Jenkins CL, Kraft TS, Garcia AR, Cummings DK, Hooper PL, Eid Rodriguez D, Buetow K, Beheim B, Irimia A, Thomas GS, Thompson RC, Gatz M, Stieglitz J, Finch CE, Gurven M, Kaplan H. Poor Oral Health Is Associated With Inflammation, Aortic Valve Calcification, and Brain Volume Among Forager-Farmers. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae013. [PMID: 38291985 PMCID: PMC11044433 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Poor oral health is associated with cardiovascular disease and dementia. Potential pathways include sepsis from oral bacteria, systemic inflammation, and nutritional deficiencies. However, in post-industrialized populations, links between oral health and chronic disease may be confounded because the lower socioeconomic exposome (poor diet, pollution, and low physical activity) often entails insufficient dental care. We assessed tooth loss, caries, and damaged teeth, in relation to cardiovascular and brain aging among the Tsimane, a subsistence population living a relatively traditional forager-horticulturalist lifestyle with poor dental health, but minimal cardiovascular disease and dementia. Dental health was assessed by a physician in 739 participants aged 40-92 years with cardiac and brain health measured by chest computed tomography (CT; n = 728) and brain CT (n = 605). A subset of 356 individuals aged 60+ were also assessed for dementia and mild cognitive impairment (n = 33 impaired). Tooth loss was highly prevalent, with 2.2 teeth lost per decade and a 2-fold greater loss in women. The number of teeth with exposed pulp was associated with higher inflammation, as measured by cytokine levels and white blood cell counts, and lower body mass index. Coronary artery calcium and thoracic aortic calcium were not associated with tooth loss or damaged teeth. However, aortic valve calcification and brain tissue loss were higher in those who had more teeth with exposed pulp. Overall, these results suggest that dental health is associated with indicators of chronic diseases in the absence of typical confounds, even in a population with low cardiovascular and dementia risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Trumble
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Matthew Schwartz
- School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Andrew T Ozga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Gary T Schwartz
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Christopher M Stojanowski
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Carrie L Jenkins
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Thomas S Kraft
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Angela R Garcia
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Daniel K Cummings
- Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
| | - Paul L Hooper
- Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
| | | | - Kenneth Buetow
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Bret Beheim
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- Heart & Vascular Institute, MemorialCare Health System, Fountain Valley, CA and University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Randall C Thompson
- Department of Cardiology, Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Insititue for Advanced Study, Toulouse School of Economics, Toulouse, France
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Gurven
- Integrative Anthropological Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
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2
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Chaudhari NN, Imms PE, Chowdhury NF, Gatz M, Trumble BC, Mack WJ, Law EM, Sutherland ML, Sutherland JD, Rowan CJ, Wann LS, Allam AH, Thompson RC, Michalik DE, Miyamoto M, Lombardi G, Cummings DK, Seabright E, Alami S, Garcia AR, Rodriguez DE, Gutierrez RQ, Copajira AJ, Hooper PL, Buetow KH, Stieglitz J, Gurven MD, Thomas GS, Kaplan HS, Finch CE, Irimia A. Increases in regional brain volume across two native South American male populations. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01168-2. [PMID: 38683289 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Industrialized environments, despite benefits such as higher levels of formal education and lower rates of infections, can also have pernicious impacts upon brain atrophy. Partly for this reason, comparing age-related brain volume trajectories between industrialized and non-industrialized populations can help to suggest lifestyle correlates of brain health. The Tsimane, indigenous to the Bolivian Amazon, derive their subsistence from foraging and horticulture and are physically active. The Moseten, a mixed-ethnicity farming population, are physically active but less than the Tsimane. Within both populations (N = 1024; age range = 46-83), we calculated regional brain volumes from computed tomography and compared their cross-sectional trends with age to those of UK Biobank (UKBB) participants (N = 19,973; same age range). Surprisingly among Tsimane and Moseten (T/M) males, some parietal and occipital structures mediating visuospatial abilities exhibit small but significant increases in regional volume with age. UKBB males exhibit a steeper negative trend of regional volume with age in frontal and temporal structures compared to T/M males. However, T/M females exhibit significantly steeper rates of brain volume decrease with age compared to UKBB females, particularly for some cerebro-cortical structures (e.g., left subparietal cortex). Across the three populations, observed trends exhibit no interhemispheric asymmetry. In conclusion, the age-related rate of regional brain volume change may differ by lifestyle and sex. The lack of brain volume reduction with age is not known to exist in other human population, highlighting the putative role of lifestyle in constraining regional brain atrophy and promoting elements of non-industrialized lifestyle like higher physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil N Chaudhari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Phoebe E Imms
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nahian F Chowdhury
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E Meng Law
- iBRAIN Research Laboratory, Departments of Neuroscience, Computer Systems and Electrical Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Radiology, The Alfred Health Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Christopher J Rowan
- Renown Institute for Heart and Vascular Health, Reno, NV, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - L Samuel Wann
- Division of Cardiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Adel H Allam
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Al Mikhaym Al Daem, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Randall C Thompson
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - David E Michalik
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
- MemorialCare Miller Children's & Women's Hospital, Long Beach Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Michael Miyamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Mission Heritage Medical Group, Providence Health, Mission Viejo, CA, USA
| | | | - Daniel K Cummings
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Edmond Seabright
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sarah Alami
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Angela R Garcia
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel E Rodriguez
- Institute of Biomedical Research, San Simon University, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | | | | | - Paul L Hooper
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kenneth H Buetow
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse 1 Capitol University, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael D Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare Health Systems, Fountain Valley, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Hillard S Kaplan
- Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Anthropology and Psychology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Trumble BC, Negrey J, Koebele SV, Thompson RC, Samuel Wann L, Allam AH, Beheim B, Linda Sutherland M, Sutherland JD, Eid Rodriguez D, Michalik DE, Rowan CJ, Lombardi GP, Garcia AR, Cummings DK, Seabright E, Alami S, Kraft TS, Hooper P, Buetow K, Irimia A, Gatz M, Stieglitz J, Gurven MD, Kaplan H, Thomas GS. Testosterone is positively associated with coronary artery calcium in a low cardiovascular disease risk population. Evol Med Public Health 2023; 11:472-484. [PMID: 38145005 PMCID: PMC10746324 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In industrialized populations, low male testosterone is associated with higher rates of cardiovascular mortality. However, coronary risk factors like obesity impact both testosterone and cardiovascular outcomes. Here, we assess the role of endogenous testosterone on coronary artery calcium in an active subsistence population with relatively low testosterone levels, low cardiovascular risk and low coronary artery calcium scores. Methodology In this cross-sectional community-based study, 719 Tsimane forager-horticulturalists in the Bolivian Amazon aged 40+ years underwent computed tomography (49.8% male, mean age 57.6 years). Results Coronary artery calcium levels were low; 84.5% had no coronary artery calcium. Zero-inflated negative binomial models found testosterone was positively associated with coronary artery calcium for the full sample (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR] = 1.477, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.001-2.170, P = 0.031), and in a male-only subset (IRR = 1.532, 95% CI 0.993-2.360, P = 0.053). Testosterone was also positively associated with clinically relevant coronary atherosclerosis (calcium >100 Agatston units) in the full sample (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.984, 95% CI 1.202-3.275, P = 0.007) and when limited to male-only sample (OR = 2.032, 95% CI 1.118-4.816, P = 0.024). Individuals with coronary artery calcium >100 had 20% higher levels of testosterone than those with calcium <100 (t = -3.201, P = 0.007). Conclusions and Implications Among Tsimane, testosterone is positively associated with coronary artery calcium despite generally low normal testosterone levels, minimal atherosclerosis and rare cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Associations between low testosterone and CVD events in industrialized populations are likely confounded by obesity and other lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Trumble
- Arizona State University, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Human Origins, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jacob Negrey
- Arizona State University, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Human Origins, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Stephanie V Koebele
- Arizona State University, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Human Origins, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Randall C Thompson
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Department of Cardiology, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - L Samuel Wann
- University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Adel H Allam
- Al Azhar University, School of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bret Beheim
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - David E Michalik
- University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Miller Women’s and Children’s Hospital Long Beach, CA, USA
| | | | - Guido P Lombardi
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Laboratorio de Paleopatología, Lima, Peru
| | - Angela R Garcia
- Arizona State University, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Human Origins, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Edmond Seabright
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, School of Collective Intelligence, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Sarah Alami
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, School of Collective Intelligence, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Thomas S Kraft
- University of Utah, Anthropology Department, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Paul Hooper
- Chapman University, Economic Science Institute, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth Buetow
- Arizona State University, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Institute of Human Origins, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Andrei Irimia
- University of Southern California, Psychology Department, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margaret Gatz
- University of Southern California, Psychology Department, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Toulouse Scool of Economics, Institute for Advanced Study Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael D Gurven
- University of California Santa Barbara, Department of Anthropology, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Chapman University, Economic Science Institute, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare Health System, Fountain Valley, CA, USA
- University of California Irvine, Division of Cardiology, Orange, CA, USA
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4
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Trumble BC, Charifson M, Kraft T, Garcia AR, Cummings DK, Hooper P, Lea AJ, Eid Rodriguez D, Koebele SV, Buetow K, Beheim B, Minocher R, Gutierrez M, Thomas GS, Gatz M, Stieglitz J, Finch CE, Kaplan H, Gurven M. Apolipoprotein-ε 4 is associated with higher fecundity in a natural fertility population. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eade9797. [PMID: 37556539 PMCID: PMC10411886 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade9797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
In many populations, the apolipoprotein-ε4 (APOE-ε4) allele increases the risk for several chronic diseases of aging, including dementia and cardiovascular disease; despite these harmful effects at later ages, the APOE-ε4 allele remains prevalent. We assess the impact of APOE-ε4 on fertility and its proximate determinants (age at first reproduction, interbirth interval) among the Tsimane, a natural fertility population of forager-horticulturalists. Among 795 women aged 13 to 90 (20% APOE-ε4 carriers), those with at least one APOE-ε4 allele had 0.3 to 0.5 more children than (ε3/ε3) homozygotes, while those with two APOE-ε4 alleles gave birth to 1.4 to 2.1 more children. APOE-ε4 carriers achieve higher fertility by beginning reproduction 0.8 years earlier and having a 0.23-year shorter interbirth interval. Our findings add to a growing body of literature suggesting a need for studies of populations living in ancestrally relevant environments to assess how alleles that are deleterious in sedentary urban environments may have been maintained by selection throughout human evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C. Trumble
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Mia Charifson
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Tom Kraft
- Anthropology Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Angela R. Garcia
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Scientific Research Core, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel K. Cummings
- Department of Health Economics and Anthropology, Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Paul Hooper
- Department of Health Economics and Anthropology, Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Amanda J. Lea
- Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Kenneth Buetow
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Bret Beheim
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Riana Minocher
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Gregory S. Thomas
- MemorialCare Health System, Fountain Valley, CA, USA
- University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole, Toulouse, France
| | - Caleb E. Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Dornsife College, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Department of Health Economics and Anthropology, Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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5
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Kaplan H, Hooper PL, Gatz M, Mack WJ, Law EM, Chui HC, Sutherland ML, Sutherland JD, Rowan CJ, Wann LS, Allam AH, Thompson RC, Michalik DE, Lombardi G, Miyamoto MI, Eid Rodriguez D, Copajira Adrian J, Quispe Gutierrez R, Beheim BA, Cummings DK, Seabright E, Alami S, R. Garcia A, Buetow K, Thomas GS, Finch CE, Stieglitz J, Trumble BC, Gurven MD, Irimia A. Brain volume, energy balance, and cardiovascular health in two nonindustrial South American populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2205448120. [PMID: 36940322 PMCID: PMC10068758 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205448120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about brain aging or dementia in nonindustrialized environments that are similar to how humans lived throughout evolutionary history. This paper examines brain volume (BV) in middle and old age among two indigenous South American populations, the Tsimane and Moseten, whose lifestyles and environments diverge from those in high-income nations. With a sample of 1,165 individuals aged 40 to 94, we analyze population differences in cross-sectional rates of decline in BV with age. We also assess the relationships of BV with energy biomarkers and arterial disease and compare them against findings in industrialized contexts. The analyses test three hypotheses derived from an evolutionary model of brain health, which we call the embarrassment of riches (EOR). The model hypothesizes that food energy was positively associated with late life BV in the physically active, food-limited past, but excess body mass and adiposity are now associated with reduced BV in industrialized societies in middle and older ages. We find that the relationship of BV with both non-HDL cholesterol and body mass index is curvilinear, positive from the lowest values to 1.4 to 1.6 SDs above the mean, and negative from that value to the highest values. The more acculturated Moseten exhibit a steeper decrease in BV with age than Tsimane, but still shallower than US and European populations. Lastly, aortic arteriosclerosis is associated with lower BV. Complemented by findings from the United States and Europe, our results are consistent with the EOR model, with implications for interventions to improve brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillard Kaplan
- Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, CA82866
| | - Paul L. Hooper
- Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, CA82866
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87131
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| | - Wendy J. Mack
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| | - E. Meng Law
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
- Department of Radiology, The Alfred Health Hospital, Melbourne, VIC3004, Australia
- iBRAIN Research Laboratory, Departments of Neuroscience, Computer Systems and Electrical Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC3800, Australia
| | - Helena C. Chui
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| | | | | | - Christopher J. Rowan
- Renown Institute for Heart and Vascular Health, Reno, NV89502
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV89557
| | - L. Samuel Wann
- Division of Cardiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87131
| | - Adel H. Allam
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Al Mikhaym Al Daem, Cairo4334003, Egypt
| | - Randall C. Thompson
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Kansas City, MO64111
| | - David E. Michalik
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA92617
- MemorialCare Miller Children’s and Women’s Hospital, Long Beach, CA90806
| | - Guido Lombardi
- Laboratorio de Paleopatologia, Catedra Pedro Weiss, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima15102, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | - Bret A. Beheim
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | | | - Edmond Seabright
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM87131
- School of Collective Intelligence, Universite Mohammed 6 Polytechnic, Ben Guerir43150, Morocco
| | - Sarah Alami
- School of Collective Intelligence, Universite Mohammed 6 Polytechnic, Ben Guerir43150, Morocco
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Angela R. Garcia
- Scientific Research Core, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ85016
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ85724
| | - Kenneth Buetow
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
| | - Gregory S. Thomas
- MemorialCare Health Systems, Fountain Valley, CA92708
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA92868
| | - Caleb E. Finch
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
- Department of Biological Sciences, Anthropology and Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
| | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse 1 Capitole University, Toulouse31000, France
| | - Benjamin C. Trumble
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
| | - Michael D. Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA93106
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
- Corwin D. Denney Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA90089
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6
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Gatz M, Mack WJ, Chui HC, Law EM, Barisano G, Sutherland ML, Sutherland JD, Eid Rodriguez D, Quispe Gutierrez R, Copajira Adrian J, Bani Cuata J, Borenstein AR, Walters EE, Irimia A, Rowan CJ, Wann LS, Allam AH, Thompson RC, Miyamoto MI, Michalik DE, Cummings DK, Seabright E, Garcia AR, Hooper PL, Kraft TS, Finch CE, Thomas GS, Stieglitz J, Trumble BC, Gurven MD, Kaplan H. Prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in indigenous Bolivian forager-horticulturalists. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:44-55. [PMID: 35262289 PMCID: PMC9458772 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We evaluated the prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in indigenous Tsimane and Moseten, who lead a subsistence lifestyle. METHODS Participants from population-based samples ≥ 60 years of age (n = 623) were assessed using adapted versions of the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination, informant interview, longitudinal cognitive testing and brain computed tomography (CT) scans. RESULTS Tsimane exhibited five cases of dementia (among n = 435; crude prevalence = 1.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4, 2.7); Moseten exhibited one case (among n = 169; crude prevalence = 0.6%, 95% CI: 0.0, 3.2), all age ≥ 80 years. Age-standardized MCI prevalence was 7.7% (95% CI: 5.2, 10.3) in Tsimane and 9.8% (95% CI: 4.9, 14.6) in Moseten. Cognitive impairment was associated with visuospatial impairments, parkinsonian symptoms, and vascular calcification in the basal ganglia. DISCUSSION The prevalence of dementia in this cohort is among the lowest in the world. Widespread intracranial medial arterial calcifications suggest a previously unrecognized, non-Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Helena C Chui
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - E Meng Law
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Barisano
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Eid Rodriguez
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, San Simon University, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | | | | | - Jesus Bani Cuata
- Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Beni, Bolivia
| | - Amy R Borenstein
- Division of Epidemiology, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ellen E Walters
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Corwin D. Denney Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - L Samuel Wann
- Division of Cardiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Adel H Allam
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Randall C Thompson
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | - David E Michalik
- Memorial Care Miller Women's and Children's Hospital, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Daniel K Cummings
- Economic Science Institute, Argyos School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
| | - Edmond Seabright
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Angela R Garcia
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, and Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Paul L Hooper
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Thomas S Kraft
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Fountain Valley, California, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | | | - Benjamin C Trumble
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, and Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael D Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Economic Science Institute, Argyos School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
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7
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Garcia AR, Lu Y, Gatz M, Rodriguez DE, Gutierrez RQ, Adrian JJC, Cuata JB, Sutherland ML, Sutherland JD, Cummings DK, Kraft T, Mack WJ, Chui HC, Law M, Barisano G, Borenstein AR, Irimia A, Walters EE, Thomas GS, Thompson RC, Miyamoto MI, Michalik DE, Wann LS, Allam AH, Rowan CJ, Highland HM, North KE, Finch CE, Stieglitz J, Gurven MD, Trumble BC, Kaplan H, Buetow K. Pathway‐based genome analysis of cognitive impairment in a forager‐horticulturalist South American population. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.062367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Garcia
- Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
- Phoenix Children’s Hospital Phoenix AZ USA
| | | | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | | | | | - Jesus Bani Cuata
- Tsimane Health and Life History Project (Plurinational State of) San Borja Bolivia
| | | | | | | | | | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Helena C Chui
- University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Meng Law
- Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Giuseppe Barisano
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | - Andrei Irimia
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David E Michalik
- MemorialCare Miller Women’s and Children’s Hospital Long Beach CA USA
- University of California at Irvine Orange CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Caleb E Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
- USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | | | | | - Hillard Kaplan
- Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University Orange CA USA
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8
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Thomas GS, Wong ND. Detecting Coronary Calcium in Young Adults: Are We There Yet? J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 79:1887-1889. [PMID: 35550684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.03.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, MemorialCare Health System, Fountain Valley, California, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
| | - Nathan D Wong
- Division of Cardiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA. https://twitter.com/DrNathanWong
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9
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Thomas GS, Taghav A. Integrating baseline electrocardiography and myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:822-825. [PMID: 33389645 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Fountain Valley, CA, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.
| | - Arash Taghav
- Division of Cardiology, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
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10
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Garcia AR, Finch C, Gatz M, Kraft T, Eid Rodriguez D, Cummings D, Charifson M, Buetow K, Beheim BA, Allayee H, Thomas GS, Stieglitz J, Gurven MD, Kaplan H, Trumble BC. APOE4 is associated with elevated blood lipids and lower levels of innate immune biomarkers in a tropical Amerindian subsistence population. eLife 2021; 10:68231. [PMID: 34586066 PMCID: PMC8480980 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In post-industrial settings, apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is associated with increased cardiovascular and neurological disease risk. However, the majority of human evolutionary history occurred in environments with higher pathogenic diversity and low cardiovascular risk. We hypothesize that in high-pathogen and energy-limited contexts, the APOE4 allele confers benefits by reducing innate inflammation when uninfected, while maintaining higher lipid levels that buffer costs of immune activation during infection. Among Tsimane forager-farmers of Bolivia (N = 1266, 50% female), APOE4 is associated with 30% lower C-reactive protein, and higher total cholesterol and oxidized LDL. Blood lipids were either not associated, or negatively associated with inflammatory biomarkers, except for associations of oxidized LDL and inflammation which were limited to obese adults. Further, APOE4 carriers maintain higher levels of total and LDL cholesterol at low body mass indices (BMIs). These results suggest that the relationship between APOE4 and lipids may be beneficial for pathogen-driven immune responses and unlikely to increase cardiovascular risk in an active subsistence population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R Garcia
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States.,Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
| | - Caleb Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Dornsife College, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Thomas Kraft
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States
| | | | - Daniel Cummings
- Institute for Economics and Society, Chapman University, Orange, United States
| | - Mia Charifson
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Kenneth Buetow
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States
| | - Bret A Beheim
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Irvine, Irvine, United States.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- Long Beach Memorial, Long Beach and University of California Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Universite Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael D Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Institute for Economics and Society, Chapman University, Orange, United States
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, United States
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11
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Thomas GS, Taghavi A. Regadenoson myocardial perfusion imaging predicts prognosis in patients with either left bundle branch block or a ventricular paced rhythm. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:978-980. [PMID: 31385224 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Southern California, CA, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA.
| | - Arash Taghavi
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
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12
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Gans BD, Neunuebel AD, Umbarger LJ, Trumble BC, Cummings DK, Wann LS, Lehenbauer KR, Mahadev A, Rodriguez DE, Michalik DE, Rowan CJ, Finch CE, Sutherland ML, Sutherland JD, Allam AH, Stieglitz J, Gurven M, Kaplan H, Thomas GS, Thompson RC. High prevalence of sternal foramina in indigenous Bolivians compared to Midwest Americans and indigenous North Americans (sternal foramina in indigenous Bolivians). Anat Sci Int 2021; 96:517-523. [PMID: 34053001 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-021-00618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The sternal foramen, usually an asymptomatic osteological defect, can lead to catastrophic consequences if not recognized prior to certain medical procedures. This study reports the prevalence of a sternal foramen in two South Amerindian populations compared with other published populations. We evaluated the presence of sternal foramina using thoracic computed tomography scans of 1334 (48% female) participants from two indigenous populations of Bolivia (n = 900 Tsimane, 434 Moseten). The prevalence of sternal foramina was compared to two U.S. populations of similar sex/age distribution (n = 572 Midwest Americans, 131 self-identified Native North Americans) via similar CT scans. A sternal foramen was significantly more common in the two Bolivian populations (prevalence ranging from 12.8 to 13.4%), compared to 4.4-5.1% in the two U.S. groups, consistent with prior estimates in studies from industrialized populations. Males had higher frequency of a sternal foramen compared to females in each of the four groups (OR = 1.904, 95% CI: 1.418-2.568, p < 0.001). Age was not associated with sternal foramen presence. These data show both a higher rate of sternal foramina in the South Amerindian populations versus comparator populations in North America and the highest rate of any studied living population. Although it is not possible to determine from our data the relative contribution of genetics versus early life or environmental causes to the higher rates of sternal foramen, we note that small prior studies have likewise demonstrated a higher prevalence in lower income countries. Further determination of the contributing factors warrants greater investigation and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Gans
- St. Luke's Mid-America Heart Institute of Kansas City, 4330 Wornall Rd., Suite 2000, Kansas City, MO, 64111, USA.,Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA
| | - Angela D Neunuebel
- St. Luke's Mid-America Heart Institute of Kansas City, 4330 Wornall Rd., Suite 2000, Kansas City, MO, 64111, USA.,University of Missouri -Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Leah J Umbarger
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, AR, USA
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia, USA
| | - Daniel K Cummings
- Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia, USA.,Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | | | - Kyle R Lehenbauer
- St. Luke's Mid-America Heart Institute of Kansas City, 4330 Wornall Rd., Suite 2000, Kansas City, MO, 64111, USA.,University of Missouri -Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ashna Mahadev
- St. Luke's Mid-America Heart Institute of Kansas City, 4330 Wornall Rd., Suite 2000, Kansas City, MO, 64111, USA.,University of Missouri -Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Eid Rodriguez
- Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia, USA.,Institute of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, San Simon University, Cochabamba, Bolivia, USA
| | - David E Michalik
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Irvine School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Chris J Rowan
- Renown Institute for Heart and Vascular Health, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Caleb E Finch
- University of Southern California Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Adel H Allam
- Department of Cardiology, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia, USA.,Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael Gurven
- Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia, USA.,Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia, USA.,Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare, Southern California, USA.,Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Randall C Thompson
- St. Luke's Mid-America Heart Institute of Kansas City, 4330 Wornall Rd., Suite 2000, Kansas City, MO, 64111, USA. .,University of Missouri -Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
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13
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Irimia A, Chaudhari NN, Robles DJ, Rostowsky KA, Maher AS, Chowdhury NF, Calvillo M, Ngo V, Gatz M, Mack WJ, Law EM, Sutherland ML, Sutherland JD, Rowan CJ, Wann LS, Allam AH, Thompson RC, Michalik DE, Cummings DK, Seabright E, Alami S, Garcia AR, Hooper PL, Stieglitz J, Trumble BC, Gurven MD, Thomas GS, Finch CE, Kaplan H. The Indigenous South American Tsimane Exhibit Relatively Modest Decrease in Brain Volume With Age Despite High Systemic Inflammation. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:2147-2155. [PMID: 34038540 PMCID: PMC8599004 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain atrophy is correlated with risk of cognitive impairment, functional decline, and dementia. Despite a high infectious disease burden, Tsimane forager-horticulturists of Bolivia have the lowest prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis of any studied population and present few cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors despite a high burden of infections and therefore inflammation. This study (a) examines the statistical association between brain volume (BV) and age for Tsimane and (b) compares this association to that of 3 industrialized populations in the United States and Europe. This cohort-based panel study enrolled 746 participants aged 40-94 (396 males), from whom computed tomography (CT) head scans were acquired. BV and intracranial volume (ICV) were calculated from automatic head CT segmentations. The linear regression coefficient estimate β^T of the Tsimane (T), describing the relationship between age (predictor) and BV (response, as a percentage of ICV), was calculated for the pooled sample (including both sexes) and for each sex. β^T was compared to the corresponding regression coefficient estimate β^R of samples from the industrialized reference (R) countries. For all comparisons, the null hypothesis β T = β R was rejected both for the combined samples of males and females, as well as separately for each sex. Our results indicate that the Tsimane exhibit a significantly slower decrease in BV with age than populations in the United States and Europe. Such reduced rates of BV decrease, together with a subsistence lifestyle and low CVD risk, may protect brain health despite considerable chronic inflammation related to infectious burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Irimia
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA,Corwin D. Denney Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA,Address correspondence to: Andrei Irimia, PhD, Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Suite 228, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. E-mail:
| | - Nikhil N Chaudhari
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - David J Robles
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kenneth A Rostowsky
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Alexander S Maher
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Nahian F Chowdhury
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Maria Calvillo
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Van Ngo
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - E Meng Law
- iBRAIN Research Laboratory, Departments of Neuroscience, Computer Systems and Electrical Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Radiology, The Alfred Health Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - M Linda Sutherland
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Fountain Valley, California, USA
| | - James D Sutherland
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Fountain Valley, California, USA
| | - Christopher J Rowan
- Renown Institute for Heart and Vascular Health, Reno, Nevada, USA,School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
| | | | - Adel H Allam
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Al Mikhaym Al Daem, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Randall C Thompson
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri, Kansas City, USA
| | - David E Michalik
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Orange, USA,MemorialCare Miller Children’s & Women’s Hospital, Long Beach Medical Center, California, USA
| | - Daniel K Cummings
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA,Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
| | - Edmond Seabright
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Sarah Alami
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Angela R Garcia
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Paul L Hooper
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse 1 Capitol University, France
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- Center for Evolution & Medicine, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA
| | - Michael D Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Fountain Valley, California, USA,Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, USA
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA,Departments of Biological Sciences, Anthropology and Psychology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
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14
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Rowan CJ, Eskander MA, Seabright E, Rodriguez DE, Linares EC, Gutierrez RQ, Adrian JC, Cummings D, Beheim B, Tolstrup K, Achrekar A, Kraft T, Michalik DE, Miyamoto MI, Allam AH, Wann LS, Narula J, Trumble BC, Stieglitz J, Thompson RC, Thomas GS, Kaplan HS, Gurven MD. Very Low Prevalence and Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation among Bolivian Forager-Farmers. Ann Glob Health 2021; 87:18. [PMID: 33633929 PMCID: PMC7894370 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.3252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia in post-industrialized populations. Older age, hypertension, obesity, chronic inflammation, and diabetes are significant atrial fibrillation risk factors, suggesting that modern urban environments may promote atrial fibrillation. Objective Here we assess atrial fibrillation prevalence and incidence among tropical horticulturalists of the Bolivian Amazon with high levels of physical activity, a lean diet, and minimal coronary atherosclerosis, but also high infectious disease burden and associated inflammation. Methods Between 2005-2019, 1314 Tsimane aged 40-94 years (52% female) and 534 Moseten Amerindians aged 40-89 years (50% female) underwent resting 12-lead electrocardiograms to assess atrial fibrillation prevalence. For atrial fibrillation incidence assessment, 1059 (81% of original sample) Tsimane and 310 Moseten (58%) underwent additional ECGs (mean time to follow up 7.0, 1.8 years, respectively). Findings Only one (male) of 1314 Tsimane (0.076%) and one (male) of 534 Moseten (0.187%) demonstrated atrial fibrillation at baseline. There was one new (female) Tsimane case in 7395 risk years for the 1059 participants with >1 ECG (incidence rate = 0.14 per 1,000 risk years). No new cases were detected among Moseten, based on 542 risk years. Conclusion Tsimane and Moseten show the lowest levels of atrial fibrillation ever reported, 1/20 to ~1/6 of rates in high-income countries. These findings provide additional evidence that a subsistence lifestyle with high levels of physical activity, and a diet low in processed carbohydrates and fat is cardioprotective, despite frequent infection-induced inflammation. Findings suggest that atrial fibrillation is a modifiable lifestyle disease rather than an inevitable feature of cardiovascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edmond Seabright
- University of New Mexico, Department of Anthropology, New Mexico, USA
| | - Daniel Eid Rodriguez
- Universidad de San Simon, Bolivia
- Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Beni, Bolivia
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Cummings
- University of New Mexico, Department of Anthropology, New Mexico, USA
| | - Bret Beheim
- Max Plank Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Behavior, Culture and Ecology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kirsten Tolstrup
- Cardiology, Dept. of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Abinash Achrekar
- University of New Mexico, Division of Cardiology, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Thomas Kraft
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Anthropology, USA
| | - David E. Michalik
- Miller Children’s and Women’s Hospital Long Beach, CA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Cardiology, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin C. Trumble
- Arizona State University, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Randall C. Thompson
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- University of Missouri–Kansas City, USA
| | - Gregory S. Thomas
- MemorialCare, Southern California, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Hillard S. Kaplan
- Chapman University, Department of Health Economics and Anthropology, Economic Science Institute, Argyros School of Business and Economics, Orange, California, USA
| | - Michael D. Gurven
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Anthropology, USA
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15
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Li C, Wendlandt EB, Darbro B, Xu H, Thomas GS, Tricot G, Chen F, Shaughnessy JD, Zhan F. Genetic Analysis of Multiple Myeloma Identifies Cytogenetic Alterations Implicated in Disease Complexity and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030517. [PMID: 33572851 PMCID: PMC7866300 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically heterogeneous disease characterized by genomic chaos making it difficult to distinguish driver from passenger mutations. In this study, we integrated data from whole genome gene expression profiling (GEP) microarrays and CytoScan HD high-resolution genomic arrays to integrate GEP with copy number variations (CNV) to more precisely define molecular alterations in MM important for disease initiation, progression and poor clinical outcome. We utilized gene expression arrays from 351 MM samples and CytoScan HD arrays from 97 MM samples to identify eight CNV events that represent possible MM drivers. By integrating GEP and CNV data we divided the MM into eight unique subgroups and demonstrated that patients within one of the eight distinct subgroups exhibited common and unique protein network signatures that can be utilized to identify new therapeutic interventions based on pathway dysregulation. Data also point to the central role of 1q gains and the upregulated expression of ANP32E, DTL, IFI16, UBE2Q1, and UBE2T as potential drivers of MM aggressiveness. The data presented here utilized a novel approach to identify potential driver CNV events in MM, the creation of an improved definition of the molecular basis of MM and the identification of potential new points of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- Myeloma Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (C.L.); (H.X.); (G.T.); (J.D.S.J.)
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
| | - Erik B. Wendlandt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (E.B.W.); (G.S.T.)
| | - Benjamin Darbro
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Laboratory, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Myeloma Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (C.L.); (H.X.); (G.T.); (J.D.S.J.)
| | - Gregory S. Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (E.B.W.); (G.S.T.)
| | - Guido Tricot
- Myeloma Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (C.L.); (H.X.); (G.T.); (J.D.S.J.)
| | - Fangping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;
| | - John D. Shaughnessy
- Myeloma Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (C.L.); (H.X.); (G.T.); (J.D.S.J.)
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Myeloma Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (C.L.); (H.X.); (G.T.); (J.D.S.J.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Thompson RC, Thompson EC, Narula N, Wann LS, Kwong I, Sutherland ML, Sutherland JD, Narula J, Allam AH, France CAM, Michalik DE, Lunde D, Finch CE, Thomas GS, Hunt DR, Frohlich B. Imaging Atherosclerosis in Great Apes. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 14:1275-1277. [PMID: 33341415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Thomas GS, Ghashghaei R. An opportunity to improve exercise test accuracy by incorporating high frequency QRS (HFQRS) waveform assessment. J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:2076-2079. [PMID: 30693429 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01600-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Southern California, CA, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA.
| | - Roxana Ghashghaei
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Southern California, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
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18
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Thomas GS, Medina CA. Examining a novel threshold for defining electrocardiographic ischemia with vasodilator stress. J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:1533-1536. [PMID: 30390242 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-01491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, 17360 Brookhurst Street, Southern California, CA, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA.
| | - Crystal A Medina
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Long Beach Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, USA
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19
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Kaplan HS, Trumble BC, Stieglitz J, Mamany RM, Cayuba MG, Moye LM, Alami S, Kraft T, Gutierrez RQ, Adrian JC, Thompson RC, Thomas GS, Michalik DE, Rodriguez DE, Gurven MD. Voluntary collective isolation as a best response to COVID-19 for indigenous populations? A case study and protocol from the Bolivian Amazon. Lancet 2020; 395:1727-1734. [PMID: 32422124 PMCID: PMC7228721 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous communities worldwide share common features that make them especially vulnerable to the complications of and mortality from COVID-19. They also possess resilient attributes that can be leveraged to promote prevention efforts. How can indigenous communities best mitigate potential devastating effects of COVID-19? In Bolivia, where nearly half of all citizens claim indigenous origins, no specific guidelines have been outlined for indigenous communities inhabiting native communal territories. In this Public Health article, we describe collaborative efforts, as anthropologists, physicians, tribal leaders, and local officials, to develop and implement a multiphase COVID-19 prevention and containment plan focused on voluntary collective isolation and contact-tracing among Tsimane forager-horticulturalists in the Bolivian Amazon. Phase 1 involves education, outreach, and preparation, and phase 2 focuses on containment, patient management, and quarantine. Features of this plan might be exported and adapted to local circumstances elsewhere to prevent widespread mortality in indigenous communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillard S Kaplan
- Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA; Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia.
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia; Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Roberta Mendez Mamany
- Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA; Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia
| | | | | | - Sarah Alami
- Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia; Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA
| | - Thomas Kraft
- Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia; Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Randall C Thompson
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA; University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare, Southern California, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David E Michalik
- Miller Children's and Women's Hospital Long Beach, CA, USA; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Eid Rodriguez
- Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia; Institute of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, San Simon University, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Michael D Gurven
- Tsimane Health and Life History Project, San Borja, Bolivia; Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara CA, USA.
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20
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Aprà E, Bylaska EJ, de Jong WA, Govind N, Kowalski K, Straatsma TP, Valiev M, van Dam HJJ, Alexeev Y, Anchell J, Anisimov V, Aquino FW, Atta-Fynn R, Autschbach J, Bauman NP, Becca JC, Bernholdt DE, Bhaskaran-Nair K, Bogatko S, Borowski P, Boschen J, Brabec J, Bruner A, Cauët E, Chen Y, Chuev GN, Cramer CJ, Daily J, Deegan MJO, Dunning TH, Dupuis M, Dyall KG, Fann GI, Fischer SA, Fonari A, Früchtl H, Gagliardi L, Garza J, Gawande N, Ghosh S, Glaesemann K, Götz AW, Hammond J, Helms V, Hermes ED, Hirao K, Hirata S, Jacquelin M, Jensen L, Johnson BG, Jónsson H, Kendall RA, Klemm M, Kobayashi R, Konkov V, Krishnamoorthy S, Krishnan M, Lin Z, Lins RD, Littlefield RJ, Logsdail AJ, Lopata K, Ma W, Marenich AV, Martin Del Campo J, Mejia-Rodriguez D, Moore JE, Mullin JM, Nakajima T, Nascimento DR, Nichols JA, Nichols PJ, Nieplocha J, Otero-de-la-Roza A, Palmer B, Panyala A, Pirojsirikul T, Peng B, Peverati R, Pittner J, Pollack L, Richard RM, Sadayappan P, Schatz GC, Shelton WA, Silverstein DW, Smith DMA, Soares TA, Song D, Swart M, Taylor HL, Thomas GS, Tipparaju V, Truhlar DG, Tsemekhman K, Van Voorhis T, Vázquez-Mayagoitia Á, Verma P, Villa O, Vishnu A, Vogiatzis KD, Wang D, Weare JH, Williamson MJ, Windus TL, Woliński K, Wong AT, Wu Q, Yang C, Yu Q, Zacharias M, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Harrison RJ. NWChem: Past, present, and future. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:184102. [PMID: 32414274 DOI: 10.1063/5.0004997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Specialized computational chemistry packages have permanently reshaped the landscape of chemical and materials science by providing tools to support and guide experimental efforts and for the prediction of atomistic and electronic properties. In this regard, electronic structure packages have played a special role by using first-principle-driven methodologies to model complex chemical and materials processes. Over the past few decades, the rapid development of computing technologies and the tremendous increase in computational power have offered a unique chance to study complex transformations using sophisticated and predictive many-body techniques that describe correlated behavior of electrons in molecular and condensed phase systems at different levels of theory. In enabling these simulations, novel parallel algorithms have been able to take advantage of computational resources to address the polynomial scaling of electronic structure methods. In this paper, we briefly review the NWChem computational chemistry suite, including its history, design principles, parallel tools, current capabilities, outreach, and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Aprà
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - E J Bylaska
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - W A de Jong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N Govind
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - K Kowalski
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - T P Straatsma
- National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M Valiev
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - H J J van Dam
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Y Alexeev
- Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Anchell
- Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, California 95054, USA
| | - V Anisimov
- Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - F W Aquino
- QSimulate, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Atta-Fynn
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - J Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - N P Bauman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J C Becca
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - D E Bernholdt
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | | | - S Bogatko
- 4G Clinical, Wellesley, Massachusetts 02481, USA
| | - P Borowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - J Boschen
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Brabec
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - A Bruner
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Tennessee at Martin, Martin, Tennessee 38238, USA
| | - E Cauët
- Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique (CP 160/09), Université libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Y Chen
- Facebook, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G N Chuev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - C J Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J Daily
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M J O Deegan
- SKAO, Jodrell Bank Observatory, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, United Kingdom
| | - T H Dunning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M Dupuis
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - K G Dyall
- Dirac Solutions, Portland, Oregon 97229, USA
| | - G I Fann
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S A Fischer
- Chemistry Division, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - A Fonari
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - H Früchtl
- EaStCHEM and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - L Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J Garza
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - N Gawande
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 5545, USA
| | - K Glaesemann
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - A W Götz
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J Hammond
- Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, California 95054, USA
| | - V Helms
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - E D Hermes
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - K Hirao
- Next-generation Molecular Theory Unit, Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Hirata
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - M Jacquelin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - B G Johnson
- Acrobatiq, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206, USA
| | - H Jónsson
- Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland and Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - R A Kendall
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M Klemm
- Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, California 95054, USA
| | - R Kobayashi
- ANU Supercomputer Facility, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - V Konkov
- Chemistry Program, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
| | - S Krishnamoorthy
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Krishnan
- Facebook, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Z Lin
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - R D Lins
- Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - A J Logsdail
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - K Lopata
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - W Ma
- Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - A V Marenich
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J Martin Del Campo
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - D Mejia-Rodriguez
- Quantum Theory Project, Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J E Moore
- Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, California 95054, USA
| | - J M Mullin
- DCI-Solutions, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, USA
| | - T Nakajima
- Computational Molecular Science Research Team, RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - D R Nascimento
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J A Nichols
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - P J Nichols
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Nieplocha
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - A Otero-de-la-Roza
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - B Palmer
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - A Panyala
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - T Pirojsirikul
- Department of Chemistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - B Peng
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R Peverati
- Chemistry Program, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
| | - J Pittner
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - L Pollack
- StudyPoint, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | | | - P Sadayappan
- School of Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - G C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - W A Shelton
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | | | - D M A Smith
- Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, California 95054, USA
| | - T A Soares
- Dept. of Fundamental Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - D Song
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Swart
- ICREA, 08010 Barcelona, Spain and Universitat Girona, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - H L Taylor
- CD-adapco/Siemens, Melville, New York 11747, USA
| | - G S Thomas
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - V Tipparaju
- Cray Inc., Bloomington, Minnesota 55425, USA
| | - D G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | - T Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Á Vázquez-Mayagoitia
- Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - P Verma
- 1QBit, Vancouver, British Columbia V6E 4B1, Canada
| | - O Villa
- NVIDIA, Santa Clara, California 95051, USA
| | - A Vishnu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - K D Vogiatzis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - D Wang
- College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - J H Weare
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - M J Williamson
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - T L Windus
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - K Woliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - A T Wong
- Qwil, San Francisco, California 94107, USA
| | - Q Wu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - C Yang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Q Yu
- AMD, Santa Clara, California 95054, USA
| | - M Zacharias
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Z Zhang
- Stanford Research Computing Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Y Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - R J Harrison
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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Gao M, Bai H, Jethava Y, Wu Y, Zhu Y, Yang Y, Xia J, Cao H, Franqui-Machin R, Nadiminti K, Thomas GS, Salama ME, Altevogt P, Bishop G, Tomasson M, Janz S, Shi J, Chen L, Frech I, Tricot G, Zhan F. Identification and Characterization of Tumor-Initiating Cells in Multiple Myeloma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2020; 112:507-515. [PMID: 31406992 PMCID: PMC7225664 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment failures in cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM), are most likely due to the persistence of a minor population of tumor-initiating cells (TICs), which are noncycling or slowly cycling and very drug resistant. METHODS Gene expression profiling and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were employed to define genes differentially expressed between the side-population cells, which contain the TICs, and the main population of MM cells derived from 11 MM patient samples. Self-renewal potential was analyzed by clonogenicity and drug resistance of CD24+ MM cells. Flow cytometry (n = 60) and immunofluorescence (n = 66) were applied on MM patient samples to determine CD24 expression. Therapeutic effects of CD24 antibodies were tested in xenograft MM mouse models containing three to six mice per group. RESULTS CD24 was highly expressed in the side-population cells, and CD24+ MM cells exhibited high expression of induced pluripotent or embryonic stem cell genes. CD24+ MM cells showed increased clonogenicity, drug resistance, and tumorigenicity. Only 10 CD24+ MM cells were required to develop plasmacytomas in mice (n = three of five mice after 27 days). The frequency of CD24+ MM cells was highly variable in primary MM samples, but the average of CD24+ MM cells was 8.3% after chemotherapy and in complete-remission MM samples with persistent minimal residual disease compared with 1.0% CD24+ MM cells in newly diagnosed MM samples (n = 26). MM patients with a high initial percentage of CD24+ MM cells had inferior progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.66 to 18.34, P < .001) and overall survival (HR = 3.87, 95% CI = 16.61 to 34.39, P = .002). A CD24 antibody inhibited MM cell growth and prevented tumor progression in vivo. CONCLUSION Our studies demonstrate that CD24+ MM cells maintain the TIC features of self-renewal and drug resistance and provide a target for myeloma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Gao
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.,Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Yogesh Jethava
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Yujie Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Ye Yang
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jiliang Xia
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Huojun Cao
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Reinaldo Franqui-Machin
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Kalyan Nadiminti
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Mohamed E Salama
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, and Associated Regional University Pathologists Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center, and University Medical Center Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gail Bishop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa and VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA
| | - Michael Tomasson
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Siegfried Janz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Jumei Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ivana Frech
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Guido Tricot
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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Thompson RC, Thomas GS. Power of Adding Coronary Artery Calcium Scanning to Myocardial Perfusion Imaging With Positron Emission Tomography. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 13:e010286. [DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.119.010286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Randall C. Thompson
- Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO (R.C.T.)
- University of Missouri–Kansas City (R.C.T.)
| | - Gregory S. Thomas
- MemorialCare Heart and Vascular Institute, Fountain Valley, CA (G.S.T.)
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (G.S.T.)
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Abstract
This case series examines 4 Greenlandic Inuit mummies from approximately the 16th century for evidence of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | - Gregory S. Thomas
- Memorial Care Heart & Vascular Institute, Fountain Valley, California
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24
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Travin MI, Matsunari I, Thomas GS, Nakajima K, Yoshinaga K. How do we establish cardiac sympathetic nervous system imaging with 123I-mIBG in clinical practice? Perspectives and lessons from Japan and the US. J Nucl Cardiol 2019; 26:1434-1451. [PMID: 30178272 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-1394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac denervation is associated with progressive left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in heart failure (HF). In this regard, it is important to evaluate cardiac-specific sympathetic nervous system (SNS) function. The radiotracer Iodine-123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine (123I-mIBG) can noninvasively evaluate pre-synaptic SNS function. Recent multicenter trials have shown 123I-mIBG to have strong predictive value for fatal arrhythmias and cardiac death in HF. 123I-mIBG was initially developed in the USA in the 1970s. In 1992, the Japanese Ministry of Health and Labour approved 123I-mIBG for the assessment of cardiac function. Following approval, the Japanese nuclear cardiology community developed 123I-mIBG imaging services in various medical centers. Japanese groups have been trying to establish the clinical utility of 123I-mIBG and standardize parameters for data acquisition and image analysis. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved clinical use of 123I-mIBG for cardiac and non-cardiac imaging. However, clinical use of 123I-mIBG in the US has been very limited. The number of 123I-mIBG studies in Japan has also been limited. There are similarities and differences between the two countries. To establish the clinical utility of 123I-mIBG in both countries, it is important to characterize the situations of 123I-mIBG in each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark I Travin
- Department of Radiology/Division of Nuclear Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ichiro Matsunari
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Japan
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- Memorial Care Heart, & Vascular Institute, Long Beach Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Kenichi Nakajima
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Yoshinaga
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
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25
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Thompson R, Trumble BC, Bajwa EI, Cummings DK, Rowan CJ, Narula J, Allam AH, Wann LS, Gurven M, Stieglitz M, Thomspon EC, Neunuebel FM, Walsworth K, Kaplan H, Thomas GS. 35Frequent Aortic Valve Calcium in a Population with Minimal Atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez135.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Thompson
- Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - B C Trumble
- Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - E I Bajwa
- University of California, Irvine, United States of America
| | - D K Cummings
- Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - C J Rowan
- Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - J Narula
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | | | - L S Wann
- Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - M Gurven
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States of America
| | - M Stieglitz
- Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - E C Thomspon
- Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - F M Neunuebel
- Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - K Walsworth
- Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - H Kaplan
- Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - G S Thomas
- University of California, Irvine, United States of America
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26
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Abidov A, Dilsizian V, Doukky R, Duvall WL, Dyke C, Elliott MD, Hage FG, Henzlova MJ, Johnson NP, Schwartz RG, Thomas GS, Einstein AJ. Aminophylline shortage and current recommendations for reversal of vasodilator stress: An ASNC information statement endorsed by SCMR. J Nucl Cardiol 2019; 26:1007-1014. [PMID: 30574677 PMCID: PMC6517353 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-01548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacologic reversal of serious or intolerable side effects (SISEs) from vasodilator stress is an important safety and comfort measure for patients experiencing such effects. While typically performed using intravenous aminophylline, recurrent shortages of this agent have led to a greater need to limit its use and consider alternative agents. This information statement provides background and recommendations addressing indications for vasodilator reversal, timing of a reversal agent, incidence of observed SISE with vasodilator stress, clinical and logistical considerations for aminophylline-based reversal, and alternative non-aminophylline based reversal protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiden Abidov
- Wayne State University and John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fadi G Hage
- University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, University of California, Irvine, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Einstein
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 622 West 168th Street PH 10-203, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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27
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Derbas LA, Thomas GS, Medina CA, Abdel-Karim ARA, Saeed IM, Bateman TM. Severe Bradycardia and Asystole Following Regadenoson in Pharmacological Myocardial Perfusion Imaging: Cases and Treatment Recommendations. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 12:1288-1290. [PMID: 30878433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Lee MC, Peters C, Rai N, Safani M, Thomas GS. Unfractionated Heparin Protocol During Percutaneous Left Ventricular Mechanical Circulatory (Impella) Support. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2018; 24:251-253. [PMID: 30572718 DOI: 10.1177/1074248418816322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cindy Peters
- 2 MemorialCare, Memorial Heart & Vascular Institute, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Neepa Rai
- 3 MemorialCare, Department of Pharmacy Services, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Michael Safani
- 2 MemorialCare, Memorial Heart & Vascular Institute, Long Beach, CA, USA.,3 MemorialCare, Department of Pharmacy Services, Long Beach, CA, USA.,4 University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- 5 University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,6 Cardiovascular Program Development, MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, CA, USA
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29
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Abidov A, Dilsizian V, Doukky R, Duvall WL, Dyke C, Elliott MD, Hage FG, Henzlova MJ, Johnson NP, Schwartz RG, Thomas GS, Einstein AJ. Aminophylline shortage and current recommendations for reversal of vasodilator stress: an ASNC information statement endorsed by SCMR. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2018; 20:87. [PMID: 30567577 PMCID: PMC6300896 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-018-0510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologic reversal of serious or intolerable side effects (SISE) from vasodilator stress is an important safety and comfort measure for patients experiencing such effects. While typically performed using intravenous aminophylline, recurrent shortages of this agent have led to a greater need to limit its use and consider alternative agents. This information statement provides background and recommendations addressing indications for vasodilator reversal, timing of a reversal agent, incidence of observed SISE with vasodilator stress, clinical and logistical considerations for aminophylline-based reversal, and alternative non-aminophylline based reversal protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiden Abidov
- Wayne State University and John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fadi G. Hage
- University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL USA
| | | | | | | | - Gregory S. Thomas
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, University of California, Irvine, Long Beach, CA USA
| | - Andrew J. Einstein
- Department of Medicine, and Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, 622 West 168th Street PH 10-203, New York, NY 10032 USA
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30
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Allam AHA, Thompson RC, Eskander MA, Mandour Ali MA, Sadek A, Rowan CJ, Sutherland ML, Sutherland JD, Frohlich B, Michalik DE, Finch CE, Narula J, Thomas GS, Samuel Wann L. Is coronary calcium scoring too late? Total body arterial calcium burden in patients without known CAD and normal MPI. J Nucl Cardiol 2018; 25:1990-1998. [PMID: 28547671 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-0925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with normal myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) have a good prognosis. However, pre-clinical coronary and extracoronary atherosclerosis may exist in the absence of myocardial ischemia. METHODS 154 Egyptian patients (mean age 53 years) underwent whole-body non-contrast CT following normal MPI. RESULTS Atherosclerosis in the form of calcification was observed in ≥1 vascular bed in 115 of 154 (75%) patients. This included the iliofemoral (62%), abdominal aorta (53%), thoracic aorta (47%), coronary (47%), and carotid (25%) vascular beds. Mean total body calcium score was 3172 ± 530 AU. Extracoronary atherosclerosis in patients with a zero coronary artery calcium (CAC) score was common, occurring in the above-listed beds 42%, 36%, 29%, and 7% of the time, respectively. CAC was rarely present without iliofemoral or abdominal aortic calcification. CONCLUSION Quantitative assessment of calcification in different vascular beds demonstrates that extracoronary atherosclerosis is common in patients who have normal MPI. Atherosclerotic calcifications are most common in the iliofemoral arteries and abdominal aorta, which typically predate coronary calcifications. An imaging strategy to detect extracoronary atherosclerosis could lead to greater understanding of the natural history of atherosclerosis in its long pre-clinical phase and possibly to earlier preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel H A Allam
- Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Alpha Scan, 45 Anas Ibn Malik Street, Mohandseen, Giza, Egypt
| | - Randall C Thompson
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Chris J Rowan
- Renown Institute for Heart and Vascular Health, Reno, NV, USA
| | | | | | - Bruno Frohlich
- National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, DC, USA
| | - David E Michalik
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Miller Women's and Children's Hospital, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Dornsife College, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- Long Beach Memorial, Long Beach, CA, USA
- University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
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31
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Samtani SR, Thomas GS. Assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction reserve in an era of decreasing frequency of myocardial ischemia during myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 2018; 25:1324-1327. [PMID: 28447281 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-0896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia R Samtani
- Division of Cardiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, 2801 Atlantic Ave, Long Beach, CA, 90806, USA
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- Division of Cardiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA.
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, 2801 Atlantic Ave, Long Beach, CA, 90806, USA.
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32
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Kaplan H, Trumble BC, Stieglitz J, Narula J, Gurven M, Thomas GS. Diet, atherosclerosis, and helmintic infection in Tsimane - Authors' reply. Lancet 2017; 390:2035. [PMID: 29115241 PMCID: PMC6042967 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hillard Kaplan
- Economic Science Institute, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA.
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, USA; Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Orange County, CA, USA
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33
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Thompson RC, Thomas GS. The EXXERT Study. J Nucl Cardiol 2017; 24:1800-1802. [PMID: 28537038 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-0903-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Randall C Thompson
- St. Luke's Mid America Heart Institute and University of Missouri - Kansas City, 4330 Wornall Rd, Kansas City, MO, 64111, USA.
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- Memorial Care Heart & Vascular Institute, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Long Beach, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, USA
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34
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Jolly AF, Thomas GS. Intravenous caffeine: An alternative to aminophylline to reverse adverse effects during regadenoson myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 2017; 24:1071-1074. [PMID: 27071999 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-016-0484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron F Jolly
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, 2801 Atlantic Ave, Long Beach, CA, 90806, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, 2801 Atlantic Ave, Long Beach, CA, 90806, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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35
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Thomas GS, Cullom SJ, Kitt TM, Feaheny KM, Ananthasubramaniam K, Gropler RJ, Jain D, Thompson RC. The EXERRT trial: "EXErcise to Regadenoson in Recovery Trial": A phase 3b, open-label, parallel group, randomized, multicenter study to assess regadenoson administration following an inadequate exercise stress test as compared to regadenoson without exercise for myocardial perfusion imaging using a SPECT protocol. J Nucl Cardiol 2017; 24:788-802. [PMID: 28224449 PMCID: PMC5491644 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-0813-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the non-inferiority and safety of regadenoson administration during recovery from inadequate exercise compared with administration without exercise. METHODS Patients unable to achieve adequate exercise stress were randomized to regadenoson 0.4 mg either during recovery (Ex-Reg) or 1 hour after inadequate exercise (Regadenoson) (MPI1). All patients also underwent non-exercise regadenoson MPI 1-14 days later (MPI2). The number of segments with reversible perfusion defects (RPDs) detected using single photon emission computerized tomography imaging was categorized. The primary analysis evaluated the majority agreement rate between Ex-Reg and Regadenoson groups. RESULTS 1,147 patients were randomized. The lower bound of the 95% confidence interval of the difference in agreement rates (-6%) was above the -7.5% non-inferiority margin, demonstrating non-inferiority of Ex-Reg to Regadenoson. Adverse events were numerically less with Ex-Reg (MPI1). In the Ex-Reg group, one patient developed an acute coronary syndrome and another had a myocardial infarction following regadenoson after exercise. Upon review, both had electrocardiographic changes consistent with ischemia prior to regadenoson. CONCLUSIONS Administering regadenoson during recovery from inadequate exercise results in comparable categorization of segments with RPDs and with careful monitoring appears to be well tolerated in patients without signs/symptoms of ischemia during exercise and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Long Beach Memorial, 2801 Atlantic Ave, Long Beach, CA, 90806, USA.
- University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - S James Cullom
- AdaptivePharma, Leawood, KS, USA
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Therese M Kitt
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc., Northbrook, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Robert J Gropler
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Diwakar Jain
- Cardiovascular Nuclear Imaging Laboratory, New York Medical College, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Randall C Thompson
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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36
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Kaplan H, Thompson RC, Trumble BC, Wann LS, Allam AH, Beheim B, Frohlich B, Sutherland ML, Sutherland JD, Stieglitz J, Rodriguez DE, Michalik DE, Rowan CJ, Lombardi GP, Bedi R, Garcia AR, Min JK, Narula J, Finch CE, Gurven M, Thomas GS. Coronary atherosclerosis in indigenous South American Tsimane: a cross-sectional cohort study. Lancet 2017; 389:1730-1739. [PMID: 28320601 PMCID: PMC6028773 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional coronary artery disease risk factors might potentially explain at least 90% of the attributable risk of coronary artery disease. To better understand the association between the pre-industrial lifestyle and low prevalence of coronary artery disease risk factors, we examined the Tsimane, a Bolivian population living a subsistence lifestyle of hunting, gathering, fishing, and farming with few cardiovascular risk factors, but high infectious inflammatory burden. METHODS We did a cross-sectional cohort study including all individuals who self-identified as Tsimane and who were aged 40 years or older. Coronary atherosclerosis was assessed by coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring done with non-contrast CT in Tsimane adults. We assessed the difference between the Tsimane and 6814 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). CAC scores higher than 100 were considered representative of significant atherosclerotic disease. Tsimane blood lipid and inflammatory biomarkers were obtained at the time of scanning, and in some patients, longitudinally. FINDINGS Between July 2, 2014, and Sept 10, 2015, 705 individuals, who had data available for analysis, were included in this study. 596 (85%) of 705 Tsimane had no CAC, 89 (13%) had CAC scores of 1-100, and 20 (3%) had CAC scores higher than 100. For individuals older than age 75 years, 31 (65%) Tsimane presented with a CAC score of 0, and only four (8%) had CAC scores of 100 or more, a five-fold lower prevalence than industrialised populations (p≤0·0001 for all age categories of MESA). Mean LDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations were 2·35 mmol/L (91 mg/dL) and 1·0 mmol/L (39·5 mg/dL), respectively; obesity, hypertension, high blood sugar, and regular cigarette smoking were rare. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein was elevated beyond the clinical cutoff of 3·0 mg/dL in 360 (51%) Tsimane participants. INTERPRETATION Despite a high infectious inflammatory burden, the Tsimane, a forager-horticulturalist population of the Bolivian Amazon with few coronary artery disease risk factors, have the lowest reported levels of coronary artery disease of any population recorded to date. These findings suggest that coronary atherosclerosis can be avoided in most people by achieving a lifetime with very low LDL, low blood pressure, low glucose, normal body-mass index, no smoking, and plenty of physical activity. The relative contributions of each are still to be determined. FUNDING National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health; St Luke's Hospital of Kansas City; and Paleocardiology Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillard Kaplan
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Randall C Thompson
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin C Trumble
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, and Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Bret Beheim
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bruno Frohlich
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA; Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | | | - Jonathan Stieglitz
- Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - David E Michalik
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA; Miller Women's and Children's Hospital Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Chris J Rowan
- Renown Institute for Heart and Vascular Health, Reno, NV, USA; University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Guido P Lombardi
- Laboratorio de Paleopatologia, Catedra Pedro Weiss, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Ram Bedi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA
| | - Angela R Garcia
- Department of Anthropology University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - James K Min
- Weill Cornell Medical College and the NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, NY, USA
| | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caleb E Finch
- University of Southern California Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Dornsife College, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Long Beach Memorial, Long Beach, CA, USA
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Bethencourt DM, Le J, Rodriguez G, Kalayjian RW, Thomas GS. Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement via Right Anterior Minithoracotomy and Central Aortic Cannulation. Innovations 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/155698451701200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Bethencourt
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute at Long Beach Memorial, Long Beach, CA USA
- Orange Coast Memorial, Fountain Valley, CA USA
| | - Jennifer Le
- University of California San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Gabriela Rodriguez
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute at Long Beach Memorial, Long Beach, CA USA
| | - Robert W. Kalayjian
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute at Long Beach Memorial, Long Beach, CA USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, 2801 Atlantic Ave, Long Beach, CA, 90806, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Aaron F Jolly
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, 2801 Atlantic Ave, Long Beach, CA, 90806, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michael Safani
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, 2801 Atlantic Ave, Long Beach, CA, 90806, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Long Beach Memorial, Long Beach, CA, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Budoff MJ, Li D, Kazerooni EA, Thomas GS, Mieres JH, Shaw LJ. Diagnostic Accuracy of Noninvasive 64-row Computed Tomographic Coronary Angiography (CCTA) Compared with Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI): The PICTURE Study, A Prospective Multicenter Trial. Acad Radiol 2017; 24:22-29. [PMID: 27771227 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Although multiple studies have shown excellent accuracy statistics for noninvasive angiography by coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA), most studies comparing nuclear imaging to CCTA were performed on patients already referred for cardiac catheterization, introducing referral and selection bias. This prospective trial evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of 64-row CCTA to detect obstructive coronary stenosis compared to myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), using quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) as a reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve sites prospectively enrolled 230 patients (49% male, 57.8 years) with chest pain. All patients underwent MPI and CCTA (Lightspeed VCT/Visipaque 320, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) prior to invasive coronary angiography (ICA). All patients were evaluated, and those found to have either an abnormal MPI or CCTA were clinically referred for ICA. CCTAs were graded on a 15-segment American Heart Association model by three blinded readers for presence of obstructive stenosis (>50% or >70%); MPI was graded by two blinded readers using a 17-segment model for estimation of the % myocardium ischemic or with stress defects. ICAs were independently graded for % stenosis by QCA. The efficacies of MPI and CCTA were assessed including all vessel segments for per-patient and per-vessel analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of stenosis ≥50% by ICA was 52.1% (25 of 48). The sensitivity of CCTA was significantly higher than nuclear imaging (92.0% vs 54.5%, P < 0.001), with similar specificity (87.0% vs 78.3%) when obstructive disease was defined as ≥50%. CCTA provided superior sensitivity (92.6% vs 59.3%, P < 0.001) and similar specificity (88.9% vs 81.5%) using QCA stenosis ≥70%. For ≥50% stenosis, the computed tomographic angiography odds ratio for ICA disease was 51.75 (95% CI = 8.50-314.94, P < 0.001). For summed stress score ≥5%, the odds ratio for ICA CAD was 12.73 (95% CI = 2.43-66.55, P < 0.001). Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, CCTA was better at classifying obstructive coronary artery disease when compared to MPI (area = 0.85 vs 0.71, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This study represents one of the first prospective multicenter, controlled clinical trials comparing 64-row CCTA to MPI in the same patients, demonstrating superior diagnostic accuracy of CCTA over myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (MPS) to reliably detect >50% and >70% stenosis in stable chest pain patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Budoff
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, 1124 W Carson Street, Torrance 90502, California.
| | - Dong Li
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, 1124 W Carson Street, Torrance 90502, California
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Wann LS, Lombardi G, Ojeda B, Benfer RA, Rivera R, Finch CE, Thomas GS, Thompson RC. The Tres Ventanas Mummies of Peru. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 298:1026-35. [PMID: 25998637 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Tres Ventanas mummies of Peru are thought to be among the oldest mummies in existence, dating to between 8,000 and 10,000 years ago. A preliminary assessment is made of the potential of these mummies for use in future research on mummified remains. Although the Tres Ventanas cave and the four mummies were explored and then excavated by Frederic Engel in 1966-67, and the project is named in his honor as the "Engel Study Group", the importance of both the physical remains and the context in which they were found has only come to light in the last few years. Most important is the paleopathological examination of these remains, since these mummies are found in a high altitude area of Peru where adaptation to the limited partial pressure of oxygen is perhaps a key component in broadening our understanding of human diversity in past populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Samuel Wann
- Paleocardiology Foundation, Columbia St. Mary's Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Guido Lombardi
- Paleopathology Laboratory, Cátedra Pedro Weiss, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Salamanca, Lima, Peru
| | - Bernadino Ojeda
- Museo Nacional De Antropología Biodiversidad, Agricultura Y Alimentación (MUNABA Museum), Lima, Peru
| | - Robert A Benfer
- University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Universidad Nacional La Agraria, Lima, Peru
| | - Ricardo Rivera
- Museo Nacional De Antropología Biodiversidad, Agricultura Y Alimentación (MUNABA Museum), Lima, Peru
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- Paleocardiology Foundation, California.,Memorial Care Heart and Vascular Institute, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Randall C Thompson
- Paleocardiology Foundation, California.,Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri.,University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
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Abstract
RNA aptamers are single-stranded RNA oligos that represent a powerful emerging technology with potential for treating numerous diseases. More recently, cell-targeted RNA aptamers have been developed for delivering RNA interference (RNAi) modulators (siRNAs and miRNAs) to specific diseased cells (e.g., cancer cells or HIV infected cells) in vitro and in vivo. However, despite initial promising reports, the broad application of this aptamer delivery technology awaits the development of methods that can verify and confirm delivery of aptamers to the cytoplasm of target cells where the RNAi machinery resides. We recently developed a functional assay (RIP assay) to confirm cellular uptake and subsequent cytoplasmic release of an RNA aptamer which binds to a cell surface receptor expressed on prostate cancer cells (PSMA). To assess cytoplasmic delivery, the aptamer was chemically conjugated to saporin, a ribosome inactivating protein toxin that is toxic to cells only when delivered to the cytoplasm (where it inhibits the ribosome) by a cell-targeting ligand (e.g., aptamer). Here, we describe the chemistry used to conjugate the aptamer to saporin and discuss a gel-based method to verify conjugation efficiency. We also detail an in vitro functional assay to confirm that the aptamer retains function following conjugation to saporin and describe a cellular assay to measure aptamer-mediated saporin-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Dickey
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, 375 Newton Rd, 5202 MERF, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, 375 Newton Rd, 5202 MERF, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Justin P Dassie
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, 375 Newton Rd, 5202 MERF, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Paloma H Giangrande
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, 375 Newton Rd, 5202 MERF, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Wann LS, Thompson RC, Allam AH, Finch CE, Zink A, Frohlich B, Kaplan H, Lombardi GP, Sutherland ML, Sutherland JD, Watson L, Cox SL, Miyamoto MI, Stewart AFR, Narula J, Thomas GS. Atherosclerosis: a longue durée approach. Glob Heart 2015; 9:239-44. [PMID: 25667094 DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Samuel Wann
- Cardiovascular Physicians, Columbia St. Mary's Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Randall C Thompson
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | | | - Caleb E Finch
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Albert Zink
- Institute for Mummies and the Iceman, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen (EURAC), Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - Bruno Frohlich
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lucia Watson
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Samantha L Cox
- Department of Archeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael I Miyamoto
- Mission Heritage Medical Group, St. Joseph Heritage Health, Mission Viejo, CA, USA
| | - Alexandre F R Stewart
- John and Jennifer Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jagat Narula
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Long Beach Memorial, Long Beach, CA, USA; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Thompson RC, Allam AH, Zink A, Wann LS, Lombardi GP, Cox SL, Frohlich B, Sutherland ML, Sutherland JD, Frohlich TC, King SI, Miyamoto MI, Monge JM, Valladolid CM, El-Halim Nur El-Din A, Narula J, Thompson AM, Finch CE, Thomas GS. Computed tomographic evidence of atherosclerosis in the mummified remains of humans from around the world. Glob Heart 2015; 9:187-96. [PMID: 25667088 DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2014.03.2455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although atherosclerosis is widely thought to be a disease of modernity, computed tomographic evidence of atherosclerosis has been found in the bodies of a large number of mummies. This article reviews the findings of atherosclerotic calcifications in the remains of ancient people-humans who lived across a very wide span of human history and over most of the inhabited globe. These people had a wide range of diets and lifestyles and traditional modern risk factors do not thoroughly explain the presence and easy detectability of this disease. Nontraditional risk factors such as the inhalation of cooking fire smoke and chronic infection or inflammation might have been important atherogenic factors in ancient times. Study of the genetic and environmental risk factors for atherosclerosis in ancient people may offer insights into this common modern disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall C Thompson
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA; University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.
| | | | - Albert Zink
- Institute for Mummies and the Iceman, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen (EURAC), Bolzano/Bozen, Italy
| | - L Samuel Wann
- Cardiovascular Physicians, Columbia St. Mary's Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Samantha L Cox
- Department of Archeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bruno Frohlich
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas C Frohlich
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Samantha I King
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Michael I Miyamoto
- Mission Heritage Medical Group, St. Joseph Heritage Health, Mission Viejo, CA, USA
| | - Janet M Monge
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Abd El-Halim Nur El-Din
- Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Jagat Narula
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam M Thompson
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Biological Sciences and Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Long Beach Memorial, Long Beach, CA, USA; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Huang J, Zhou Y, Thomas GS, Gu Z, Yang Y, Xu H, Tricot G, Zhan F. NEDD8 Inhibition Overcomes CKS1B-Induced Drug Resistance by Upregulation of p21 in Multiple Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:5532-42. [PMID: 26156395 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE CKS1B is significantly upregulated in multiple myeloma and associated with poor prognosis. The identification of novel therapies is essential for effective treatment of patients resistant to chemotherapy. The NEDD8 inhibitor MLN4924 selectively targets SCF(Skp2) activation and offers a more specific approach to protein degradation inhibition than total proteasomal inhibition. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether MLN4924 is effective in high CKS1B conditions and identify mechanisms regulating drug potency. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Bortezomib and MLN4924 sensitivity was assessed through proliferation, viability, clonogenic potential, and senescence induction in cells overexpressing CKS1B. The mechanism for MLN4924 sensitivity was elucidated by immunoblot analysis of SCF(skp) substrates and confirmed by shRNA knockdown. The clinical relevance of the NEDD8 pathway was examined in gene expression profiles (GEP) derived from healthy people, patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and multiple myeloma. RESULTS Cells overexpressing CKS1B were resistant to bortezomib but sensitive to MLN4924. Treatment of CKS1B-overexpressing cells with MLN4924 decreased proliferation, clonogenicity, and induced senescence. MLN4924, but not bortezomib, induced stabilization of p21 and knockdown of p21 resulted in loss of MLN4924 sensitivity. Patients with MGUS and multiple myeloma exhibited increased expression of NEDD8 pathway genes relative to normal plasma cells. Multiple myeloma patients with high NEDD8 expression were linked to bortezomib resistance in clinical trials, and had inferior outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that cells with elevated CKS1B expression are resistant to bortezomib but sensitive to MLN4924 and offer a mechanism through the stabilization of p21. These findings provide rationale for targeting the NEDD8 pathway in multiple myeloma patients exhibiting elevated expression of CKS1B. Clin Cancer Res; 21(24); 5532-42. ©2015 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Institute of Cancer Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Zhimin Gu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Guido Tricot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
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Narula J, Gerson M, Thomas GS, Cerqueira MD, Jacobson AF. ¹²³I-MIBG Imaging for Prediction of Mortality and Potentially Fatal Events in Heart Failure: The ADMIRE-HFX Study. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:1011-8. [PMID: 26069309 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.156406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED ADMIRE-HF (AdreView Myocardial Imaging for Risk Evaluation in Heart Failure) established the prognostic significance of (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine ((123)I-MIBG) imaging in heart failure subjects (median follow-up, 17 mo) using a composite endpoint dominated by heart failure progression. The ADMIRE-HF extension (ADMIRE-HFX) extended follow-up to a median of 24 mo and used mortality as the primary endpoint. The objective of these analyses was to use multiple multivariate risk modeling techniques to determine the independent predictive ability of (123)I-MIBG imaging for mortality outcomes. METHODS Data from 964 New York Heart Association class II-III subjects in ADMIRE-HFX were included. All-cause mortality and a composite endpoint of death or death-equivalent events (resuscitated arrest, successful defibrillation for ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation) were analyzed with multivariate Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression techniques using demographic and clinical variables and the (123)I-MIBG heart-to-mediastinum ratio (H/M). The incremental value of H/M was also examined for the logistic regression models using receiver-operating-characteristic curve methods and for the proportional hazards models using net reclassification improvement. RESULTS There were 101 deaths, and 136 subjects had a composite event during follow-up. H/M was significant in all multivariate proportional hazards and logistic regression models for the 2 mortality endpoints, both models developed with only clinical variables and those including left ventricular ejection fraction and b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). For baseline models including BNP, the addition of H/M did not significantly increase receiver-operating-characteristic curve area. However, there was significant net reclassification improvement with the addition of H/M to a proportional hazards model containing BNP and left ventricular ejection fraction. CONCLUSION The multivariate Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression analyses demonstrated consistent significance for H/M when added to the baseline risk models for mortality and mortality-equivalent events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Myron Gerson
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gregory S Thomas
- Long Beach Memorial, Long Beach, California, and University of California, Irvine, Orange, California; and
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Fritsch KO, Hamoud H, Allam AH, Grossmann A, Nur El-Din AH, Abdel-Maksoud G, Al-Tohamy Soliman M, Badr I, Sutherland JD, Linda Sutherland M, Akl M, Finch CE, Thomas GS, Wann LS, Thompson RC. The Orthopedic Diseases of Ancient Egypt. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:1036-46. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus O Fritsch
- Orthopädische Chirurgie Bayreuth; Parsifalstr.5 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Heshem Hamoud
- Al-Azhar University School of Medicine; Naser City Cairo Egypt
| | - Adel H. Allam
- Al-Azhar University School of Medicine; Naser City Cairo Egypt
| | | | - Abdel-Halim Nur El-Din
- Faculty of Archaeology and Tourism Guidance, Misr University for Science and Technology; Misr University for Science & Technology, Al-Motamayez District; 6th of October City Egypt
| | - Gomaa Abdel-Maksoud
- Conservation Centre for Archaeological and Historical Buildings and Museum Artifacts, Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology; Cairo University Giza; Egypt
| | | | - Ibrahim Badr
- High Institute for Tourism & Hotels Alexandria Abu Qir; Egypt
| | | | | | - Mahmoud Akl
- Conservation Centre for Archaeological and Historical Buildings and Museum Artifacts, Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology; Cairo University Giza; Egypt
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Davis School of Gerontology; University of Southern California; Los Angeles California
| | - Gregory S. Thomas
- Memorial Care Heart & Vascular Institute; Long Beach Memorial Long Beach California
| | | | - Randall C Thompson
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute; Kansas City Missouri
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine; Kansas City Missouri
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Safani M, Drachenberg MR, Ferro ET, Hill SE, Thomas GS, Bethencourt DM. Low-Dose Recombinant Activated Factor VII (rF-VIIa) for Excess Hemorrhage After Cardiac Operation. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 99:1870. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Michalik DE, Clarke EM, Thomas GS. Heavy parasite burden in an Egyptian mummy. J Cardiol 2015; 65:349-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mahmarian JJ, Peterson LE, Xu J, Cerqueira MD, Iskandrian AE, Bateman TM, Thomas GS, Nabi F. Regadenoson provides perfusion results comparable to adenosine in heterogeneous patient populations: a quantitative analysis from the ADVANCE MPI trials. J Nucl Cardiol 2015; 22:248-61. [PMID: 25287737 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-014-9981-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total and reversible left ventricular (LV) perfusion defect size (PDS) predict patient outcome. Limited data exist as to whether regadenoson induces similar perfusion abnormalities as observed with adenosine. We sought to determine whether regadenoson induces a similar LV PDS as seen with adenosine across varying patient populations. METHODS AND RESULTS ADVANCE MPI were prospective, double-blind randomized trials comparing regadenoson to standard adenosine myocardial perfusion tomography (SPECT). Following an initial adenosine SPECT, patients were randomized to either regadenoson (N = 1284) or a second adenosine study (N = 660). SPECT quantification was performed blinded to randomization and image sequence. Propensity analysis was used to define comparability of regadenoson and adenosine perfusion results. Baseline clinical and SPECT results were similar in the two randomized groups. There was a close correlation between adenosine and regadenoson-induced total (r (2) = 0.98, P < .001) and reversible (r (2) = 0.92, P < .001) PDS. Serial differences in total (0.00 ± 3.51 vs -0.11 ± 3.46, P = .51) and reversible (0.15 ± 3.79 vs 0.07 ± 3.33, P = .65) PDS were also comparable in patients randomized to regadenoson vs adenosine, respectively, and irrespective of age, gender, diabetic status, body mass index, or prior cardiovascular history. By propensity analysis, regadenoson-induced total PDS was significantly larger than observed with adenosine. CONCLUSION This is the first study to show that regadenoson induces similar, if not larger, perfusion defects than those observed with adenosine across different patient populations and demonstrates the value of quantitative analysis for defining serial changes in SPECT perfusion results. Regadenoson should provide comparable diagnostic and prognostic SPECT information to that obtained with adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Mahmarian
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist, 6550 Fannin Street, Suite 677, Houston, TX, 77030, USA,
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Thomas
- MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Long Beach Memorial, Long Beach, CA; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Jagat Narula
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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