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Vidal Bustamante CM, Coombs Iii G, Rahimi-Eichi H, Mair P, Onnela JP, Baker JT, Buckner RL. Precision Assessment of Real-World Associations Between Stress and Sleep Duration Using Actigraphy Data Collected Continuously for an Academic Year: Individual-Level Modeling Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e53441. [PMID: 38687600 DOI: 10.2196/53441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heightened stress and insufficient sleep are common in the transition to college, often co-occur, and have both been linked to negative health outcomes. A challenge concerns disentangling whether perceived stress precedes or succeeds changes in sleep. These day-to-day associations may vary across individuals, but short study periods and group-level analyses in prior research may have obscured person-specific phenotypes. OBJECTIVE This study aims to obtain stable estimates of lead-lag associations between perceived stress and objective sleep duration in the individual, unbiased by the group, by developing an individual-level linear model that can leverage intensive longitudinal data while remaining parsimonious. METHODS In total, 55 college students (n=6, 11% second-year students and n=49, 89% first-year students) volunteered to provide daily self-reports of perceived stress via a smartphone app and wore an actigraphy wristband for the estimation of daily sleep duration continuously throughout the academic year (median usable daily observations per participant: 178, IQR 65.5). The individual-level linear model, developed in a Bayesian framework, included the predictor and outcome of interest and a covariate for the day of the week to account for weekly patterns. We validated the model on the cohort of second-year students (n=6, used as a pilot sample) by applying it to variables expected to correlate positively within individuals: objective sleep duration and self-reported sleep quality. The model was then applied to the fully independent target sample of first-year students (n=49) for the examination of bidirectional associations between daily stress levels and sleep duration. RESULTS Proof-of-concept analyses captured expected associations between objective sleep duration and subjective sleep quality in every pilot participant. Target analyses revealed negative associations between sleep duration and perceived stress in most of the participants (45/49, 92%), but their temporal association varied. Of the 49 participants, 19 (39%) showed a significant association (probability of direction>0.975): 8 (16%) showed elevated stress in the day associated with shorter sleep later that night, 5 (10%) showed shorter sleep associated with elevated stress the next day, and 6 (12%) showed both directions of association. Of note, when analyzed using a group-based multilevel model, individual estimates were systematically attenuated, and some even reversed sign. CONCLUSIONS The dynamic interplay of stress and sleep in daily life is likely person specific. Paired with intensive longitudinal data, our individual-level linear model provides a precision framework for the estimation of stable real-world behavioral and psychological dynamics and may support the personalized prioritization of intervention targets for health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza M Vidal Bustamante
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Garth Coombs Iii
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Habiballah Rahimi-Eichi
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Patrick Mair
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jukka-Pekka Onnela
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Justin T Baker
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
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Kosakowski HL, Saadon-Grosman N, Du J, Eldaief MC, Buckner RL. Human Striatal Association Megaclusters. J Neurophysiol 2024. [PMID: 38505898 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00387.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The striatum receives projections from multiple regions of the cerebral cortex consistent with the role of the basal ganglia in diverse motor, affective, and cognitive functions. Within the striatum, the caudate receives projections from association cortex including multiple distinct regions of prefrontal cortex. Building on recent insights about the details of how juxtaposed cortical networks are specialized for distinct aspects of higher-order cognition, we revisited caudate organization using within-individual precision neuroimaging initially in two intensively scanned individuals (each scanned 31 times). Results revealed that the caudate has side-by-side regions that are coupled to at least five distinct distributed association networks, paralleling the organization observed in the cerebral cortex. We refer to these spatial groupings of regions as striatal association megaclusters. Correlation maps from closely juxtaposed seed regions placed within the megaclusters recapitulated the five distinct cerebral networks including their multiple spatially distributed regions. Striatal association megaclusters were explored in 15 additional participants (each scanned at least 8 times) finding that their presence generalizes to new participants. Analysis of the laterality of the regions within the megaclusters further revealed that they possess asymmetries paralleling their cortical counterparts. For example, caudate regions linked to the language network were left-lateralized. These results extend the general notion of parallel specialized basal ganglia circuits, with the additional discovery that even within the caudate, there is fine-grained separation of multiple distinct higher-order networks that reflect the organization and lateralization found in the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jingnan Du
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Mark C Eldaief
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Du J, DiNicola LM, Angeli PA, Saadon-Grosman N, Sun W, Kaiser S, Ladopoulou J, Xue A, Yeo BTT, Eldaief MC, Buckner RL. Organization of the Human Cerebral Cortex Estimated Within Individuals: Networks, Global Topography, and Function. J Neurophysiol 2024. [PMID: 38489238 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00308.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is populated by specialized regions that are organized into networks. Here we estimated networks from functional MRI (fMRI) data in intensively sampled participants. The procedure was developed in two participants (scanned 31 times) and then prospectively applied to 15 participants (scanned 8-11 times). Analysis of the networks revealed a global organization. Locally organized first-order sensory and motor networks were surrounded by spatially adjacent second-order networks that linked to distant regions. Third-order networks possessed regions distributed widely throughout association cortex. Regions of distinct third-order networks displayed side-by-side juxtapositions with a pattern that repeated across multiple cortical zones. We refer to these as Supra-Areal Association Megaclusters (SAAMs). Within each SAAM, two candidate control regions were adjacent to three separate domain-specialized regions. Response properties were explored with task data. The somatomotor and visual networks responded to body movements and visual stimulation, respectively. Second-order networks responded to transients in an oddball detection task, consistent with a role in orienting to salient events. The third-order networks, including distinct regions within each SAAM, showed two levels of functional specialization. Regions linked to candidate control networks responded to working memory load across multiple stimulus domains. The remaining regions dissociated across language, social, and spatial / episodic processing domains. These results suggest progressively higher-order networks nest outwards from primary sensory and motor cortices. Within the apex zones of association cortex, there is specialization that repeatedly divides domain-flexible from domain-specialized regions. We discuss implications of these findings including how repeating organizational motifs may emerge during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Du
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lauren M DiNicola
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Peter A Angeli
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Wendy Sun
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Stephanie Kaiser
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Joanna Ladopoulou
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Aihuiping Xue
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark C Eldaief
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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4
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Boen R, Kaufmann T, van der Meer D, Frei O, Agartz I, Ames D, Andersson M, Armstrong NJ, Artiges E, Atkins JR, Bauer J, Benedetti F, Boomsma DI, Brodaty H, Brosch K, Buckner RL, Cairns MJ, Calhoun V, Caspers S, Cichon S, Corvin AP, Crespo-Facorro B, Dannlowski U, David FS, de Geus EJC, de Zubicaray GI, Desrivières S, Doherty JL, Donohoe G, Ehrlich S, Eising E, Espeseth T, Fisher SE, Forstner AJ, Fortaner-Uyà L, Frouin V, Fukunaga M, Ge T, Glahn DC, Goltermann J, Grabe HJ, Green MJ, Groenewold NA, Grotegerd D, Grøntvedt GR, Hahn T, Hashimoto R, Hehir-Kwa JY, Henskens FA, Holmes AJ, Håberg AK, Haavik J, Jacquemont S, Jansen A, Jockwitz C, Jönsson EG, Kikuchi M, Kircher T, Kumar K, Le Hellard S, Leu C, Linden DE, Liu J, Loughnan R, Mather KA, McMahon KL, McRae AF, Medland SE, Meinert S, Moreau CA, Morris DW, Mowry BJ, Mühleisen TW, Nenadić I, Nöthen MM, Nyberg L, Ophoff RA, Owen MJ, Pantelis C, Paolini M, Paus T, Pausova Z, Persson K, Quidé Y, Marques TR, Sachdev PS, Sando SB, Schall U, Scott RJ, Selbæk G, Shumskaya E, Silva AI, Sisodiya SM, Stein F, Stein DJ, Straube B, Streit F, Strike LT, Teumer A, Teutenberg L, Thalamuthu A, Tooney PA, Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Trollor JN, van 't Ent D, van den Bree MBM, van Haren NEM, Vázquez-Bourgon J, Völzke H, Wen W, Wittfeld K, Ching CRK, Westlye LT, Thompson PM, Bearden CE, Selmer KK, Alnæs D, Andreassen OA, Sønderby IE. Beyond the Global Brain Differences: Intraindividual Variability Differences in 1q21.1 Distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 Deletion Carriers. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:147-160. [PMID: 37661008 PMCID: PMC7615370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carriers of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants exhibit regional and global brain differences compared with noncarriers. However, interpreting regional differences is challenging if a global difference drives the regional brain differences. Intraindividual variability measures can be used to test for regional differences beyond global differences in brain structure. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging data were used to obtain regional brain values for 1q21.1 distal deletion (n = 30) and duplication (n = 27) and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion (n = 170) and duplication (n = 243) carriers and matched noncarriers (n = 2350). Regional intra-deviation scores, i.e., the standardized difference between an individual's regional difference and global difference, were used to test for regional differences that diverge from the global difference. RESULTS For the 1q21.1 distal deletion carriers, cortical surface area for regions in the medial visual cortex, posterior cingulate, and temporal pole differed less and regions in the prefrontal and superior temporal cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical surface area. For the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion carriers, cortical thickness in regions in the medial visual cortex, auditory cortex, and temporal pole differed less and the prefrontal and somatosensory cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical thickness. CONCLUSIONS We find evidence for regional effects beyond differences in global brain measures in 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants. The results provide new insight into brain profiling of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants, with the potential to increase understanding of the mechanisms involved in altered neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rune Boen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health, University of Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Ames
- University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St George's Hospital, Kew, Victoria, Australia; National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Micael Andersson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology and Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicola J Armstrong
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1299, École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Établissement public de santé (EPS) Barthélemy Durand, Etampes, France
| | - Joshua R Atkins
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jochen Bauer
- University Clinic for Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vince Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University/Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University Hospital Basel, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aiden P Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Centro superior de investigaciones científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Sevilla, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Friederike S David
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Greig I de Zubicaray
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne L Doherty
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Donohoe
- School of Psychology and Center for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Else Eising
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lidia Fortaner-Uyà
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Neurospin, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Section of Brain Function Information, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Tian Ge
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Janik Goltermann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Melissa J Green
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Gøril Rolfseng Grøntvedt
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jayne Y Hehir-Kwa
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frans A Henskens
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Avram J Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Asta K Håberg
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sebastien Jacquemont
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Core-Facility Brainimaging and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masataka Kikuchi
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Costin Leu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - David E Linden
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Department of Computer Science and Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robert Loughnan
- Department of Cognitive Science and Population Neuroscience and Genetics Lab, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katie L McMahon
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Allan F McRae
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Clara A Moreau
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Derek W Morris
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bryan J Mowry
- Queensland Brain Institute and Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Departments of Radiation Sciences, Integrative Medical Biology and Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael J Owen
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marco Paolini
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Tomas Paus
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karin Persson
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Yann Quidé
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sigrid B Sando
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrich Schall
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Division of Molecular Medicine, New South Wales Health Pathology, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ana I Silva
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Dan J Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lachlan T Strike
- Psychiatric Genetics, Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR) Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lea Teutenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul A Tooney
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez
- Instituto de Física de Cantabria UC-CSIC, Santander, Spain; Department of Radiology, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry and Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dennis van 't Ent
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences and Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Javier Vázquez-Bourgon
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Sevilla, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Maqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla, Santander, Spain; Departamento de Medicina y Psiquiatría, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Henry Völzke
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Greifswald, Germany; Greifswald University Hospital, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kaja K Selmer
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital and the University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Alnæs
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida E Sønderby
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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5
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Elliott ML, Nielsen JA, Hanford LC, Hamadeh A, Hilbert T, Kober T, Dickerson BC, Hyman BT, Mair RW, Eldaief MC, Buckner RL. Precision Brain Morphometry Using Cluster Scanning. medRxiv 2023:2023.12.23.23300492. [PMID: 38234845 PMCID: PMC10793507 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.23.23300492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Measurement error limits the statistical power to detect group differences and longitudinal change in structural MRI morphometric measures (e.g., hippocampal volume, prefrontal thickness). Recent advances in scan acceleration enable extremely fast T1-weighted scans (~1 minute) to achieve morphometric errors that are close to the errors in longer traditional scans. As acceleration allows multiple scans to be acquired in rapid succession, it becomes possible to pool estimates to increase measurement precision, a strategy known as "cluster scanning." Here we explored brain morphometry using cluster scanning in a test-retest study of 40 individuals (12 younger adults, 18 cognitively unimpaired older adults, and 10 adults diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's Dementia). Morphometric errors from a single compressed sensing (CS) 1.0mm scan with 6x acceleration (CSx6) were, on average, 12% larger than a traditional scan using the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) protocol. Pooled estimates from four clustered CSx6 acquisitions led to errors that were 34% smaller than ADNI despite having a shorter total acquisition time. Given a fixed amount of time, a gain in measurement precision can thus be achieved by acquiring multiple rapid scans instead of a single traditional scan. Errors were further reduced when estimates were pooled from eight CSx6 scans (51% smaller than ADNI). Neither pooling across a break nor pooling across multiple scan resolutions boosted this benefit. We discuss the potential of cluster scanning to improve morphometric precision, boost statistical power, and produce more sensitive disease progression biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell L Elliott
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jared A Nielsen
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Lindsay C Hanford
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Aya Hamadeh
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Tom Hilbert
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthineers International AG, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kober
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthineers International AG, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School
| | - Ross W Mair
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
| | - Mark C Eldaief
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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6
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Angeli PA, DiNicola LM, Saadon-Grosman N, Eldaief MC, Buckner RL. Specialization of the Human Hippocampal Long Axis Revisited. bioRxiv 2023:2023.12.19.572264. [PMID: 38187548 PMCID: PMC10769203 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.19.572264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus possesses anatomical differences along its long axis. Here the functional specialization of the human hippocampal long axis was explored using network-anchored precision functional MRI (N = 11) paired with behavioral analyses (N=266). Functional connectivity analyses demonstrated that the anterior hippocampus was preferentially correlated with a cerebral network associated with remembering, while the posterior hippocampus was correlated with a distinct network associated with behavioral salience. Seed regions placed within the hippocampus recapitulated the distinct cerebral networks. Functional characterization using task data within the same intensively sampled individuals discovered a functional double dissociation between the anterior and posterior hippocampal regions. The anterior hippocampal region was sensitive to remembering and imagining the future, specifically tracking the process of scene construction, while the posterior hippocampal region displayed transient responses to targets in an oddball detection task and to transitions between task blocks. These findings suggest specialization along the long axis of the hippocampus with differential responses reflecting the functional properties of the partner cerebral networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Angeli
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lauren M DiNicola
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Noam Saadon-Grosman
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mark C Eldaief
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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7
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Saadon-Grosman N, Du J, Kosakowski HL, Angeli PA, DiNicola LM, Eldaief MC, Buckner RL. Within-Individual Organization of the Human Cognitive Cerebellum: Evidence for Closely Juxtaposed, Functionally Specialized Regions. bioRxiv 2023:2023.12.18.572062. [PMID: 38187706 PMCID: PMC10769291 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.18.572062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The human cerebellum possesses multiple regions linked to cerebral association cortex. Here we mapped the cerebellum using precision functional MRI within individual participants (N=15), first estimating regions using connectivity and then prospectively testing functional properties using independent task data. Network estimates in all participants revealed a Crus I / II cerebellar megacluster of five higher-order association networks often with multiple, discontinuous regions for the same network. Seed regions placed within the megaclusters, including the disjointed regions, yielded spatially selective networks in the cerebral cortex. Compelling evidence for functional specialization within the cerebellar megaclusters emerged from the task responses. Reflecting functional distinctions found in the cerebrum, domain-flexible cerebellar regions involved in cognitive control dissociated from distinct domain-specialized regions with differential responses to language, social, and spatial / episodic task demands. These findings provide a clear demonstration that the cerebellum encompasses multiple zones dedicated to cognition, featuring juxtaposed regions specialized for distinct processing domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Saadon-Grosman
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jingnan Du
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Heather L Kosakowski
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Peter A Angeli
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lauren M DiNicola
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mark C Eldaief
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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8
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DiNicola LM, Sun W, Buckner RL. Side-by-side regions in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex estimated within the individual respond differentially to domain-specific and domain-flexible processes. J Neurophysiol 2023; 130:1602-1615. [PMID: 37937340 PMCID: PMC11068361 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00277.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A recurring debate concerns whether regions of primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) support domain-flexible or domain-specific processes. Here we tested the hypothesis with functional MRI (fMRI) that side-by-side PFC regions, within distinct parallel association networks, differentially support domain-flexible and domain-specialized processing. Individuals (N = 9) were intensively sampled, and all effects were estimated within their own idiosyncratic anatomy. Within each individual, we identified PFC regions linked to distinct networks, including a dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) region coupled to the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and an extended region associated with the canonical multiple-demand network. We further identified an inferior PFC region coupled to the language network. Exploration in separate task data, collected within the same individuals, revealed a robust functional triple dissociation. The DLPFC region linked to the MTL was recruited during remembering and imagining the future, distinct from juxtaposed regions that were modulated in a domain-flexible manner during working memory. The inferior PFC region linked to the language network was recruited during sentence processing. Detailed analysis of the trial-level responses further revealed that the DLPFC region linked to the MTL specifically tracked processes associated with scene construction. These results suggest that the DLPFC possesses a domain-specialized region that is small and easily confused with nearby (larger) regions associated with cognitive control. The newly described region is domain specialized for functions traditionally associated with the MTL. We discuss the implications of these findings in relation to convergent anatomical analysis in the monkey.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Competing hypotheses link regions of prefrontal cortex (PFC) to domain-flexible or domain-specific processes. Here, using a precision neuroimaging approach, we identify a domain-specialized region in dorsolateral PFC, coupled to the medial temporal lobe and recruited for scene construction. This region is juxtaposed to, but distinct from, broader PFC regions recruited flexibly for cognitive control. Region distinctions align with broader network differences, suggesting that PFC regions gain dissociable processing properties via segregated anatomical projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M DiNicola
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Wendy Sun
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
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9
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Schacter DL, Buckner RL, Nyberg L. Endel Tulving (1927-2023). Neuron 2023; 111:3502-3504. [PMID: 37972563 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Schacter
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Sweden
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10
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Abstract
The striatum receives projections from multiple regions of the cerebral cortex consistent with its role in diverse motor, affective, and cognitive functions. Supporting cognitive functions, the caudate receives projections from cortical association regions. Building on recent insights about the details of how multiple cortical networks are specialized for distinct aspects of higher-order cognition, we revisited caudate organization using within-individual precision neuroimaging (n=2, each participant scanned 31 times). Detailed analysis revealed that the caudate has side-by-side zones that are coupled to at least Give distinct distributed association networks, paralleling the specialization observed in the cerebral cortex. Examining correlation maps from closely juxtaposed seed regions in the caudate recapitulated the Give distinct cerebral networks including their multiple spatially distributed regions. These results extend the general notion of parallel specialized basal ganglia circuits, with the additional discovery that even within the caudate, there is Gine-grained separation of multiple distinct higher-order networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Kosakowski
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Noam Saadon-Grosman
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jingnan Du
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mark E Eldaief
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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11
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Du J, DiNicola LM, Angeli PA, Saadon-Grosman N, Sun W, Kaiser S, Ladopoulou J, Xue A, Yeo BTT, Eldaief MC, Buckner RL. Within-Individual Organization of the Human Cerebral Cortex: Networks, Global Topography, and Function. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.08.552437. [PMID: 37609246 PMCID: PMC10441314 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.08.552437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The human cerebral cortex is populated by specialized regions that are organized into networks. Here we estimated networks using a Multi-Session Hierarchical Bayesian Model (MS-HBM) applied to intensively sampled within-individual functional MRI (fMRI) data. The network estimation procedure was initially developed and tested in two participants (each scanned 31 times) and then prospectively applied to 15 new participants (each scanned 8 to 11 times). Detailed analysis of the networks revealed a global organization. Locally organized first-order sensory and motor networks were surrounded by spatially adjacent second-order networks that also linked to distant regions. Third-order networks each possessed regions distributed widely throughout association cortex. Moreover, regions of distinct third-order networks displayed side-by-side juxtapositions with a pattern that repeated similarly across multiple cortical zones. We refer to these as Supra-Areal Association Megaclusters (SAAMs). Within each SAAM, two candidate control regions were typically adjacent to three separate domain-specialized regions. Independent task data were analyzed to explore functional response properties. The somatomotor and visual first-order networks responded to body movements and visual stimulation, respectively. A subset of the second-order networks responded to transients in an oddball detection task, consistent with a role in orienting to salient or novel events. The third-order networks, including distinct regions within each SAAM, showed two levels of functional specialization. Regions linked to candidate control networks responded to working memory load across multiple stimulus domains. The remaining regions within each SAAM did not track working memory load but rather dissociated across language, social, and spatial / episodic processing domains. These results support a model of the cerebral cortex in which progressively higher-order networks nest outwards from primary sensory and motor cortices. Within the apex zones of association cortex there is specialization of large-scale networks that divides domain-flexible from domain-specialized regions repeatedly across parietal, temporal, and prefrontal cortices. We discuss implications of these findings including how repeating organizational motifs may emerge during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Du
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lauren M DiNicola
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Peter A Angeli
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Noam Saadon-Grosman
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Wendy Sun
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Stephanie Kaiser
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Joanna Ladopoulou
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Aihuiping Xue
- Centre for Sleep & Cognition & Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Centre for Sleep & Cognition & Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark C Eldaief
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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12
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Elliott ML, Hanford LC, Hamadeh A, Hilbert T, Kober T, Dickerson BC, Mair RW, Eldaief MC, Buckner RL. Brain morphometry in older adults with and without dementia using extremely rapid structural scans. Neuroimage 2023; 276:120173. [PMID: 37201641 PMCID: PMC10330834 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
T1-weighted structural MRI is widely used to measure brain morphometry (e.g., cortical thickness and subcortical volumes). Accelerated scans as fast as one minute or less are now available but it is unclear if they are adequate for quantitative morphometry. Here we compared the measurement properties of a widely adopted 1.0 mm resolution scan from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI = 5'12'') with two variants of highly accelerated 1.0 mm scans (compressed-sensing, CSx6 = 1'12''; and wave-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging, WAVEx9 = 1'09'') in a test-retest study of 37 older adults aged 54 to 86 (including 19 individuals diagnosed with a neurodegenerative dementia). Rapid scans produced highly reliable morphometric measures that largely matched the quality of morphometrics derived from the ADNI scan. Regions of lower reliability and relative divergence between ADNI and rapid scan alternatives tended to occur in midline regions and regions with susceptibility-induced artifacts. Critically, the rapid scans yielded morphometric measures similar to the ADNI scan in regions of high atrophy. The results converge to suggest that, for many current uses, extremely rapid scans can replace longer scans. As a final test, we explored the possibility of a 0'49'' 1.2 mm CSx6 structural scan, which also showed promise. Rapid structural scans may benefit MRI studies by shortening the scan session and reducing cost, minimizing opportunity for movement, creating room for additional scan sequences, and allowing for the repetition of structural scans to increase precision of the estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell L Elliott
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Northwest Laboratory 280.10, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Lindsay C Hanford
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Northwest Laboratory 280.10, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Aya Hamadeh
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tom Hilbert
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthineers International AG, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kober
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthineers International AG, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ross W Mair
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Northwest Laboratory 280.10, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
| | - Mark C Eldaief
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Northwest Laboratory 280.10, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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13
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DiNicola LM, Ariyo OI, Buckner RL. Functional specialization of parallel distributed networks revealed by analysis of trial-to-trial variation in processing demands. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:17-40. [PMID: 36197013 PMCID: PMC9799157 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00211.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple large-scale networks populate human association cortex. Here, we explored the functional properties of these networks by exploiting trial-to-trial variation in component-processing demands. In two behavioral studies (n = 136 and n = 238), participants quantified strategies used to solve individual task trials that spanned remembering, imagining future scenarios, and various control trials. These trials were also all scanned in an independent sample of functional MRI participants (n = 10), each with sufficient data to precisely define within-individual networks. Stable latent factors varied across trials and correlated with trial-level functional responses selectively across networks. One network linked to parahippocampal cortex, labeled Default Network A (DN-A), tracked scene construction, including for control trials that possessed minimal episodic memory demands. To the degree, a trial encouraged participants to construct a mental scene with imagery and awareness about spatial locations of objects or places, the response in DN-A increased. The juxtaposed Default Network B (DN-B) showed no such response but varied in relation to social processing demands. Another adjacent network, labeled Frontoparietal Network B (FPN-B), robustly correlated with trial difficulty. These results support that DN-A and DN-B are specialized networks differentially supporting information processing within spatial and social domains. Both networks are dissociable from a closely juxtaposed domain-general control network that tracks cognitive effort.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tasks shown to differentially recruit parallel association networks are multifaceted, leaving open questions about network processes. Here, examining trial-to-trial network response properties in relation to trial traits reveals new insights into network functions. In particular, processes linked to scene construction selectively recruit a distributed network with links to parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortices, including during trials designed not to rely on the personal past. Adjacent networks show distinct patterns, providing novel evidence of functional specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. DiNicola
- 1Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Oluwatobi I. Ariyo
- 1Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Randy L. Buckner
- 1Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts,2Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts,3Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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14
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Abstract
Seminal neurophysiological studies in the 1940s discovered two somatomotor maps in the cerebellum—an inverted anterior lobe map and an upright posterior lobe map. Both maps have been confirmed in the human using noninvasive neuroimaging with additional hints of a third map within and near to the cerebellar vermis. Here, we sought direct evidence for the third somatomotor map by using intensive, repeated functional MRI (fMRI) scanning of individuals performing movements across multiple body parts (tongue, hands, glutes, and feet). An initial discovery sample (n = 4, 4 sessions per individual including 576 separate blocks of body movements) yielded evidence for the two established cerebellar somatomotor maps, as well as evidence for a third discontinuous foot representation within the vermis. When the left versus right foot movements were directly contrasted, the third representation could be clearly distinguished from the second representation in multiple individuals. Functional connectivity from seed regions in the third somatomotor representation confirmed anatomically specific connectivity with the cerebral cortex, paralleling the patterns observed for the two well-established maps. All results were prospectively replicated in an independent dataset with new individuals (n = 4). These collective findings provide direct support for a third somatomotor representation in the vermis of the cerebellum that may be part of a third map. We discuss the relations of this candidate third map to the broader topography of the cerebellum as well as its implications for understanding the specific organization of the human cerebellar vermis where distinct zones appear functionally specialized for somatomotor and visual domains. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A third somatomotor representation exists in the vermis of the human cerebellum. Evidence for this elusive representation arises specifically from mapping the foot. Separate foot representations distinguish the third from the nearby second somatomotor representation. A third somatomotor representation in the posterior vermis supports a large-scale organization hypothesis in which the cerebellum possesses three sets of roughly homotopic representations of the full cerebrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Saadon-Grosman
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Peter A Angeli
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lauren M DiNicola
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
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15
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Vidal Bustamante CM, Coombs G, Rahimi-Eichi H, Mair P, Onnela JP, Baker JT, Buckner RL. Publisher Correction: Fluctuations in behavior and affect in college students measured using deep phenotyping. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12667. [PMID: 35879395 PMCID: PMC9314384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Constanza M Vidal Bustamante
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Northwest Science Building 280.05, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. .,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Garth Coombs
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Northwest Science Building 280.05, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Habiballah Rahimi-Eichi
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Northwest Science Building 280.05, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Patrick Mair
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Northwest Science Building 280.05, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Jukka-Pekka Onnela
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Justin T Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Northwest Science Building 280.05, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
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16
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Baum GL, Flournoy JC, Glasser MF, Harms MP, Mair P, Sanders AFP, Barch DM, Buckner RL, Bookheimer S, Dapretto M, Smith S, Thomas KM, Yacoub E, Van Essen DC, Somerville LH. Graded Variation in T1w/T2w Ratio during Adolescence: Measurement, Caveats, and Implications for Development of Cortical Myelin. J Neurosci 2022; 42:5681-5694. [PMID: 35705486 PMCID: PMC9302463 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2380-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is characterized by the maturation of cortical microstructure and connectivity supporting complex cognition and behavior. Axonal myelination influences brain connectivity during development by enhancing neural signaling speed and inhibiting plasticity. However, the maturational timing of cortical myelination during human adolescence remains poorly understood. Here, we take advantage of recent advances in high-resolution cortical T1w/T2w mapping methods, including principled correction of B1+ transmit field effects, using data from the Human Connectome Project in Development (HCP-D; N = 628, ages 8-21). We characterize microstructural changes relevant to myelination by estimating age-related differences in T1w/T2w throughout the cerebral neocortex from childhood to early adulthood. We apply Bayesian spline models and clustering analysis to demonstrate graded variation in age-dependent cortical T1w/T2w differences that are correlated with the sensorimotor-association (S-A) axis of cortical organization reported by others. In sensorimotor areas, T1w/T2w ratio measures start at high levels at early ages, increase at a fast pace, and decelerate at later ages (18-21). In intermediate multimodal areas along the S-A axis, T1w/T2w starts at intermediate levels and increases linearly at an intermediate pace. In transmodal/paralimbic association areas, T1w/T2w starts at low levels and increases linearly at the slowest pace. These data provide evidence for graded variation of the T1w/T2w ratio along the S-A axis that may reflect cortical myelination changes during adolescence underlying the development of complex information processing and psychological functioning. We discuss the implications of these results as well as caveats in interpreting magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based estimates of myelination.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Myelin is a lipid membrane that is essential to healthy brain function. Myelin wraps axons to increase neural signaling speed, enabling complex neuronal functioning underlying learning and cognition. Here, we characterize the developmental timing of myelination across the cerebral cortex during adolescence using a noninvasive proxy measure, T1w/T2w mapping. Our results provide new evidence demonstrating graded variation across the cortex in the timing of T1w/T2w changes during adolescence, with rapid T1w/T2w increases in lower-order sensory areas and gradual T1w/T2w increases in higher-order association areas. This spatial pattern of microstructural brain development closely parallels the sensorimotor-to-association axis of cortical organization and plasticity during ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham L Baum
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02138
| | - John C Flournoy
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02138
| | - Matthew F Glasser
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110
| | - Michael P Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110
| | - Patrick Mair
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02138
| | - Ashley F P Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA, MO 63130
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02138
| | - Susan Bookheimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90095
| | - Mirella Dapretto
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90095
| | - Stephen Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, OX3 9DU
| | - Kathleen M Thomas
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - David C Van Essen
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63110
| | - Leah H Somerville
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02138
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17
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Trubetskoy V, Pardiñas AF, Qi T, Panagiotaropoulou G, Awasthi S, Bigdeli TB, Bryois J, Chen CY, Dennison CA, Hall LS, Lam M, Watanabe K, Frei O, Ge T, Harwood JC, Koopmans F, Magnusson S, Richards AL, Sidorenko J, Wu Y, Zeng J, Grove J, Kim M, Li Z, Voloudakis G, Zhang W, Adams M, Agartz I, Atkinson EG, Agerbo E, Al Eissa M, Albus M, Alexander M, Alizadeh BZ, Alptekin K, Als TD, Amin F, Arolt V, Arrojo M, Athanasiu L, Azevedo MH, Bacanu SA, Bass NJ, Begemann M, Belliveau RA, Bene J, Benyamin B, Bergen SE, Blasi G, Bobes J, Bonassi S, Braun A, Bressan RA, Bromet EJ, Bruggeman R, Buckley PF, Buckner RL, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Cahn W, Cairns MJ, Calkins ME, Carr VJ, Castle D, Catts SV, Chambert KD, Chan RCK, Chaumette B, Cheng W, Cheung EFC, Chong SA, Cohen D, Consoli A, Cordeiro Q, Costas J, Curtis C, Davidson M, Davis KL, de Haan L, Degenhardt F, DeLisi LE, Demontis D, Dickerson F, Dikeos D, Dinan T, Djurovic S, Duan J, Ducci G, Dudbridge F, Eriksson JG, Fañanás L, Faraone SV, Fiorentino A, Forstner A, Frank J, Freimer NB, Fromer M, Frustaci A, Gadelha A, Genovese G, Gershon ES, Giannitelli M, Giegling I, Giusti-Rodríguez P, Godard S, Goldstein JI, González Peñas J, González-Pinto A, Gopal S, Gratten J, Green MF, Greenwood TA, Guillin O, Gülöksüz S, Gur RE, Gur RC, Gutiérrez B, Hahn E, Hakonarson H, Haroutunian V, Hartmann AM, Harvey C, Hayward C, Henskens FA, Herms S, Hoffmann P, Howrigan DP, Ikeda M, Iyegbe C, Joa I, Julià A, Kähler AK, Kam-Thong T, Kamatani Y, Karachanak-Yankova S, Kebir O, Keller MC, Kelly BJ, Khrunin A, Kim SW, Klovins J, Kondratiev N, Konte B, Kraft J, Kubo M, Kučinskas V, Kučinskiene ZA, Kusumawardhani A, Kuzelova-Ptackova H, Landi S, Lazzeroni LC, Lee PH, Legge SE, Lehrer DS, Lencer R, Lerer B, Li M, Lieberman J, Light GA, Limborska S, Liu CM, Lönnqvist J, Loughland CM, Lubinski J, Luykx JJ, Lynham A, Macek M, Mackinnon A, Magnusson PKE, Maher BS, Maier W, Malaspina D, Mallet J, Marder SR, Marsal S, Martin AR, Martorell L, Mattheisen M, McCarley RW, McDonald C, McGrath JJ, Medeiros H, Meier S, Melegh B, Melle I, Mesholam-Gately RI, Metspalu A, Michie PT, Milani L, Milanova V, Mitjans M, Molden E, Molina E, Molto MD, Mondelli V, Moreno C, Morley CP, Muntané G, Murphy KC, Myin-Germeys I, Nenadić I, Nestadt G, Nikitina-Zake L, Noto C, Nuechterlein KH, O'Brien NL, O'Neill FA, Oh SY, Olincy A, Ota VK, Pantelis C, Papadimitriou GN, Parellada M, Paunio T, Pellegrino R, Periyasamy S, Perkins DO, Pfuhlmann B, Pietiläinen O, Pimm J, Porteous D, Powell J, Quattrone D, Quested D, Radant AD, Rampino A, Rapaport MH, Rautanen A, Reichenberg A, Roe C, Roffman JL, Roth J, Rothermundt M, Rutten BPF, Saker-Delye S, Salomaa V, Sanjuan J, Santoro ML, Savitz A, Schall U, Scott RJ, Seidman LJ, Sharp SI, Shi J, Siever LJ, Sigurdsson E, Sim K, Skarabis N, Slominsky P, So HC, Sobell JL, Söderman E, Stain HJ, Steen NE, Steixner-Kumar AA, Stögmann E, Stone WS, Straub RE, Streit F, Strengman E, Stroup TS, Subramaniam M, Sugar CA, Suvisaari J, Svrakic DM, Swerdlow NR, Szatkiewicz JP, Ta TMT, Takahashi A, Terao C, Thibaut F, Toncheva D, Tooney PA, Torretta S, Tosato S, Tura GB, Turetsky BI, Üçok A, Vaaler A, van Amelsvoort T, van Winkel R, Veijola J, Waddington J, Walter H, Waterreus A, Webb BT, Weiser M, Williams NM, Witt SH, Wormley BK, Wu JQ, Xu Z, Yolken R, Zai CC, Zhou W, Zhu F, Zimprich F, Atbaşoğlu EC, Ayub M, Benner C, Bertolino A, Black DW, Bray NJ, Breen G, Buccola NG, Byerley WF, Chen WJ, Cloninger CR, Crespo-Facorro B, Donohoe G, Freedman R, Galletly C, Gandal MJ, Gennarelli M, Hougaard DM, Hwu HG, Jablensky AV, McCarroll SA, Moran JL, Mors O, Mortensen PB, Müller-Myhsok B, Neil AL, Nordentoft M, Pato MT, Petryshen TL, Pirinen M, Pulver AE, Schulze TG, Silverman JM, Smoller JW, Stahl EA, Tsuang DW, Vilella E, Wang SH, Xu S, Adolfsson R, Arango C, Baune BT, Belangero SI, Børglum AD, Braff D, Bramon E, Buxbaum JD, Campion D, Cervilla JA, Cichon S, Collier DA, Corvin A, Curtis D, Forti MD, Domenici E, Ehrenreich H, Escott-Price V, Esko T, Fanous AH, Gareeva A, Gawlik M, Gejman PV, Gill M, Glatt SJ, Golimbet V, Hong KS, Hultman CM, Hyman SE, Iwata N, Jönsson EG, Kahn RS, Kennedy JL, Khusnutdinova E, Kirov G, Knowles JA, Krebs MO, Laurent-Levinson C, Lee J, Lencz T, Levinson DF, Li QS, Liu J, Malhotra AK, Malhotra D, McIntosh A, McQuillin A, Menezes PR, Morgan VA, Morris DW, Mowry BJ, Murray RM, Nimgaonkar V, Nöthen MM, Ophoff RA, Paciga SA, Palotie A, Pato CN, Qin S, Rietschel M, Riley BP, Rivera M, Rujescu D, Saka MC, Sanders AR, Schwab SG, Serretti A, Sham PC, Shi Y, St Clair D, Stefánsson H, Stefansson K, Tsuang MT, van Os J, Vawter MP, Weinberger DR, Werge T, Wildenauer DB, Yu X, Yue W, Holmans PA, Pocklington AJ, Roussos P, Vassos E, Verhage M, Visscher PM, Yang J, Posthuma D, Andreassen OA, Kendler KS, Owen MJ, Wray NR, Daly MJ, Huang H, Neale BM, Sullivan PF, Ripke S, Walters JTR, O'Donovan MC. Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia. Nature 2022; 604:502-508. [PMID: 35396580 PMCID: PMC9392466 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 745] [Impact Index Per Article: 372.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia has a heritability of 60-80%1, much of which is attributable to common risk alleles. Here, in a two-stage genome-wide association study of up to 76,755 individuals with schizophrenia and 243,649 control individuals, we report common variant associations at 287 distinct genomic loci. Associations were concentrated in genes that are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons of the central nervous system, but not in other tissues or cell types. Using fine-mapping and functional genomic data, we identify 120 genes (106 protein-coding) that are likely to underpin associations at some of these loci, including 16 genes with credible causal non-synonymous or untranslated region variation. We also implicate fundamental processes related to neuronal function, including synaptic organization, differentiation and transmission. Fine-mapped candidates were enriched for genes associated with rare disruptive coding variants in people with schizophrenia, including the glutamate receptor subunit GRIN2A and transcription factor SP4, and were also enriched for genes implicated by such variants in neurodevelopmental disorders. We identify biological processes relevant to schizophrenia pathophysiology; show convergence of common and rare variant associations in schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders; and provide a resource of prioritized genes and variants to advance mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassily Trubetskoy
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio F Pardiñas
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ting Qi
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Swapnil Awasthi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim B Bigdeli
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julien Bryois
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chia-Yen Chen
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charlotte A Dennison
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lynsey S Hall
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Max Lam
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Kyoko Watanabe
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tian Ge
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janet C Harwood
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Frank Koopmans
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander L Richards
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Julia Sidorenko
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yang Wu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jian Zeng
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jakob Grove
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Georgios Voloudakis
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth G Atkinson
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Esben Agerbo
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mariam Al Eissa
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Madeline Alexander
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Köksal Alptekin
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Neuroscience, Dokuz Eylül University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Thomas D Als
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Farooq Amin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Manuel Arrojo
- Servizo de Psiquiatría, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lavinia Athanasiu
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Helena Azevedo
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Silviu A Bacanu
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bass
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Begemann
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Richard A Belliveau
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Judit Bene
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Beben Benyamin
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah E Bergen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Blasi
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Julio Bobes
- Área de Psiquiatría-Universidad de Oviedo, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Asturias, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma and San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Braun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evelyn J Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Richard Bruggeman
- University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter F Buckley
- Health Science Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Altrecht, General Menthal Health Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vaughan J Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Castle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stanley V Catts
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kimberley D Chambert
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boris Chaumette
- INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université de Paris, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - David Cohen
- Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Groupe de Recherche Clinique no. 15 - Troubles Psychiatriques et Développement (PSYDEV), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares à Expression Psychiatrique, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), CNRS UMR7222, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Angèle Consoli
- Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Groupe de Recherche Clinique no. 15 - Troubles Psychiatriques et Développement (PSYDEV), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares à Expression Psychiatrique, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Quirino Cordeiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Javier Costas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Charles Curtis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Kenneth L Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arkin, Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lynn E DeLisi
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ditte Demontis
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Dimitris Dikeos
- First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Timothy Dinan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jubao Duan
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Frank Dudbridge
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Lourdes Fañanás
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Alessia Fiorentino
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andreas Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nelson B Freimer
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Menachem Fromer
- Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessandra Frustaci
- Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust, St Ann's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ary Gadelha
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giulio Genovese
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elliot S Gershon
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marianna Giannitelli
- Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Groupe de Recherche Clinique no. 15 - Troubles Psychiatriques et Développement (PSYDEV), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares à Expression Psychiatrique, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Stephanie Godard
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human and Molecular Genetics, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Hôpital de la Pitiè-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline I Goldstein
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Javier González Peñas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana González-Pinto
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- BIOARABA Health Research Institute, OSI Araba, University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Srihari Gopal
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Jacob Gratten
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael F Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany A Greenwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Guillin
- INSERM, Rouen, France
- Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray, Rouen, France
- UFR Santé, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Sinan Gülöksüz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Blanca Gutiérrez
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Eric Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Leonard Madlyn Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research Clinical and Education Center (MIRECC), JJ Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carol Harvey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- NorthWestern Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Frans A Henskens
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stefan Herms
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel P Howrigan
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake Aichi, Japan
| | - Conrad Iyegbe
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Inge Joa
- Regional Centre for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Antonio Julià
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna K Kähler
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tony Kam-Thong
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sena Karachanak-Yankova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Oussama Kebir
- INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université de Paris, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Matthew C Keller
- Institute for Behavioural Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Brian J Kelly
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrey Khrunin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Janis Klovins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Bettina Konte
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Kraft
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | - Agung Kusumawardhani
- Psychiatry Department, University of Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hana Kuzelova-Ptackova
- Department of Psychiatry, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stefano Landi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita' di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura C Lazzeroni
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Phil H Lee
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophie E Legge
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Douglas S Lehrer
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca Lencer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernard Lerer
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Miaoxin Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (SYSU), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Gregory A Light
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VISN 22, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Svetlana Limborska
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jouko Lönnqvist
- Mental Health Unit, Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carmel M Loughland
- Hunter New England Health and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jurjen J Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Second Opinion Outpatient Clinic, GGNet Mental Health, Warnsveld, The Netherlands
| | - Amy Lynham
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Milan Macek
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew Mackinnon
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brion S Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacques Mallet
- Asfalia Biologics, iPEPS-ICM, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stephen R Marder
- Semel Institute for Neurosciene, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sara Marsal
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia R Martin
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lourdes Martorell
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERSAM, Reus, Spain
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - John J McGrath
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helena Medeiros
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Meier
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bela Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Pécs, School of Medicine, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Raquelle I Mesholam-Gately
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Patricia T Michie
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vihra Milanova
- Psychiatric Clinic, Alexandrovska University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marina Mitjans
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Espen Molden
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Esther Molina
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María Dolores Molto
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carmen Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher P Morley
- Departments of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Family Medicine, and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Gerard Muntané
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERSAM, Reus, Spain
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kieran C Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department for Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Cristiano Noto
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Keith H Nuechterlein
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Niamh Louise O'Brien
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - F Anthony O'Neill
- Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Sang-Yun Oh
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ann Olincy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vanessa Kiyomi Ota
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Laboratorio de Genetica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christos Pantelis
- NorthWestern Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - George N Papadimitriou
- First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Mara Parellada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Renata Pellegrino
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Leonard Madlyn Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sathish Periyasamy
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bruno Pfuhlmann
- Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Weißer Hirsch, Dresden, Germany
| | - Olli Pietiläinen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonathan Pimm
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John Powell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Diego Quattrone
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Digby Quested
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Allen D Radant
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Antonio Rampino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Mark H Rapaport
- Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna Rautanen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cheryl Roe
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Joshua L Roffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julian Roth
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Veikko Salomaa
- THL-Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julio Sanjuan
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcos Leite Santoro
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Laboratorio de Genetica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adam Savitz
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Ulrich Schall
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Mater Hospital, McAuley Centre, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Division of Molecular Medicine, NSW Health Pathology North, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sally Isabel Sharp
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Larry J Siever
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Engilbert Sigurdsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Yoo Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nora Skarabis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petr Slominsky
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Hon-Cheong So
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Janet L Sobell
- Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erik Söderman
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helen J Stain
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, UK
- TIPS - Network for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Agnes A Steixner-Kumar
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - William S Stone
- Harvard Medical School Department of Psychiatry at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eric Strengman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T Scott Stroup
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Catherine A Sugar
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- THL-Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dragan M Svrakic
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Neal R Swerdlow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jin P Szatkiewicz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thi Minh Tam Ta
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Florence Thibaut
- Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Cochin-Tarnier, Paris, France
- INSERM U1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Draga Toncheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Paul A Tooney
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Silvia Torretta
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Sarah Tosato
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gian Battista Tura
- Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Bruce I Turetsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alp Üçok
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arne Vaaler
- Division of Mental Health, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud van Winkel
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Juha Veijola
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - John Waddington
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Waterreus
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bradley T Webb
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Nigel M Williams
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Brandon K Wormley
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jing Qin Wu
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhida Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, GGz Centraal, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Yolken
- Stanley Neurovirology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clement C Zai
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Zhou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fritz Zimprich
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eşref Cem Atbaşoğlu
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Department of Psychiatry, Queens University Kingston, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian Benner
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Donald W Black
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bray
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nancy G Buccola
- School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - William F Byerley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wei J Chen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- University of Sevilla, CIBERSAM IBiS, Seville, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Department of Psychiatry, Universidad del Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Robert Freedman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cherrie Galletly
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Ramsay Health Care (SA) Mental Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael J Gandal
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Genetic Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - David M Hougaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Assen V Jablensky
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Steven A McCarroll
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Moran
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Preben B Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
- Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Amanda L Neil
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michele T Pato
- Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Tracey L Petryshen
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matti Pirinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ann E Pulver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy M Silverman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eli A Stahl
- Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Debby W Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elisabet Vilella
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, CIBERSAM, Reus, Spain
| | - Shi-Heng Wang
- College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shuhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Rolf Adolfsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Celso Arango
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sintia Iole Belangero
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Laboratorio de Genetica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anders D Børglum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David Braff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VISN 22, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elvira Bramon
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jorge A Cervilla
- Department of Psychiatry, San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | | | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Curtis
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Psychiatry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Mental Health Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Enrico Domenici
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ayman H Fanous
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Phoenix VA Healthcare System, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Banner-University Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Anna Gareeva
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics of the Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBG UFRC RAS), Ufa, Russia
- Federal State Educational Institution of Highest Education Bashkir State Medical University of Public Health Ministry of Russian Federation (BSMU), Ufa, Russia
| | - Micha Gawlik
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pablo V Gejman
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen J Glatt
- Psychiatric Genetic Epidemiology and Neurobiology Laboratory (PsychGENe lab), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Vera Golimbet
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Kyung Sue Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Christina M Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven E Hyman
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake Aichi, Japan
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - René S Kahn
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James L Kennedy
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics of the Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBG UFRC RAS), Ufa, Russia
- Federal State Educational Institution of Highest Education Bashkir State Medical University of Public Health Ministry of Russian Federation (BSMU), Ufa, Russia
| | - George Kirov
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - James A Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry and Zilkha Neurogenetics Institute, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie-Odile Krebs
- INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université de Paris, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Claudine Laurent-Levinson
- Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Groupe de Recherche Clinique no. 15 - Troubles Psychiatriques et Développement (PSYDEV), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares à Expression Psychiatrique, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Universitaire de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jimmy Lee
- Department of Psychosis, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Mental Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Todd Lencz
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Douglas F Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Qingqin S Li
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Dheeraj Malhotra
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrew McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paulo R Menezes
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera A Morgan
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Derek W Morris
- Centre for Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bryan J Mowry
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robin M Murray
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sara A Paciga
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carlos N Pato
- Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Shengying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Brien P Riley
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Margarita Rivera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Meram C Saka
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alan R Sanders
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sibylle G Schwab
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pak C Sham
- Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Psychiatry, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - David St Clair
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | | | - Ming T Tsuang
- Center for Behavioral Genomics, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marquis P Vawter
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Thomas Werge
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for GeoGenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dieter B Wildenauer
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University) and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peter A Holmans
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew J Pocklington
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthijs Verhage
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Exact Science, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Exact Science, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark J Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - James T R Walters
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Vidal Bustamante CM, Coombs G, Rahimi-Eichi H, Mair P, Onnela JP, Baker JT, Buckner RL. Author Correction: Fluctuations in behavior and affect in college students measured using deep phenotyping. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5325. [PMID: 35351956 PMCID: PMC8964704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Constanza M Vidal Bustamante
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Northwest Science Building 280.05, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. .,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Garth Coombs
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Northwest Science Building 280.05, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Habiballah Rahimi-Eichi
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Northwest Science Building 280.05, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Patrick Mair
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Northwest Science Building 280.05, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Jukka-Pekka Onnela
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Justin T Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Northwest Science Building 280.05, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
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19
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Vidal Bustamante CM, Coombs G, Rahimi-Eichi H, Mair P, Onnela JP, Baker JT, Buckner RL. Fluctuations in behavior and affect in college students measured using deep phenotyping. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1932. [PMID: 35121741 PMCID: PMC8816914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
College students commonly experience psychological distress when faced with intensified academic demands and changes in the social environment. Examining the nature and dynamics of students’ affective and behavioral experiences can help us better characterize the correlates of psychological distress. Here, we leveraged wearables and smartphones to study 49 first-year college students continuously throughout the academic year. Affect and sleep, academic, and social behavior showed substantial changes from school semesters to school breaks and from weekdays to weekends. Three student clusters were identified with behavioral and affective dissociations and varying levels of distress throughout the year. While academics were a common stressor for all, the cluster with highest distress stood out by frequent report of social stress. Moreover, the frequency of reporting social, but not academic, stress predicted subsequent clinical symptoms. Two years later, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the first-year cluster with highest distress again stood out by frequent social stress and elevated clinical symptoms. Focus on sustained interpersonal stress, relative to academic stress, might be especially helpful to identify students at heightened risk for psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza M Vidal Bustamante
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Northwest Science Building 280.05, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. .,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Garth Coombs
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Northwest Science Building 280.05, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Habiballah Rahimi-Eichi
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Northwest Science Building 280.05, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Patrick Mair
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Northwest Science Building 280.05, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Jukka-Pekka Onnela
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Justin T Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Northwest Science Building 280.05, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
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20
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Dima D, Modabbernia A, Papachristou E, Doucet GE, Agartz I, Aghajani M, Akudjedu TN, Albajes‐Eizagirre A, Alnæs D, Alpert KI, Andersson M, Andreasen NC, Andreassen OA, Asherson P, Banaschewski T, Bargallo N, Baumeister S, Baur‐Streubel R, Bertolino A, Bonvino A, Boomsma DI, Borgwardt S, Bourque J, Brandeis D, Breier A, Brodaty H, Brouwer RM, Buitelaar JK, Busatto GF, Buckner RL, Calhoun V, Canales‐Rodríguez EJ, Cannon DM, Caseras X, Castellanos FX, Cervenka S, Chaim‐Avancini TM, Ching CRK, Chubar V, Clark VP, Conrod P, Conzelmann A, Crespo‐Facorro B, Crivello F, Crone EA, Dannlowski U, Dale AM, Davey C, de Geus EJC, de Haan L, de Zubicaray GI, den Braber A, Dickie EW, Di Giorgio A, Doan NT, Dørum ES, Ehrlich S, Erk S, Espeseth T, Fatouros‐Bergman H, Fisher SE, Fouche J, Franke B, Frodl T, Fuentes‐Claramonte P, Glahn DC, Gotlib IH, Grabe H, Grimm O, Groenewold NA, Grotegerd D, Gruber O, Gruner P, Gur RE, Gur RC, Hahn T, Harrison BJ, Hartman CA, Hatton SN, Heinz A, Heslenfeld DJ, Hibar DP, Hickie IB, Ho B, Hoekstra PJ, Hohmann S, Holmes AJ, Hoogman M, Hosten N, Howells FM, Hulshoff Pol HE, Huyser C, Jahanshad N, James A, Jernigan TL, Jiang J, Jönsson EG, Joska JA, Kahn R, Kalnin A, Kanai R, Klein M, Klyushnik TP, Koenders L, Koops S, Krämer B, Kuntsi J, Lagopoulos J, Lázaro L, Lebedeva I, Lee WH, Lesch K, Lochner C, Machielsen MWJ, Maingault S, Martin NG, Martínez‐Zalacaín I, Mataix‐Cols D, Mazoyer B, McDonald C, McDonald BC, McIntosh AM, McMahon KL, McPhilemy G, Meinert S, Menchón JM, Medland SE, Meyer‐Lindenberg A, Naaijen J, Najt P, Nakao T, Nordvik JE, Nyberg L, Oosterlaan J, de la Foz VO, Paloyelis Y, Pauli P, Pergola G, Pomarol‐Clotet E, Portella MJ, Potkin SG, Radua J, Reif A, Rinker DA, Roffman JL, Rosa PGP, Sacchet MD, Sachdev PS, Salvador R, Sánchez‐Juan P, Sarró S, Satterthwaite TD, Saykin AJ, Serpa MH, Schmaal L, Schnell K, Schumann G, Sim K, Smoller JW, Sommer I, Soriano‐Mas C, Stein DJ, Strike LT, Swagerman SC, Tamnes CK, Temmingh HS, Thomopoulos SI, Tomyshev AS, Tordesillas‐Gutiérrez D, Trollor JN, Turner JA, Uhlmann A, van den Heuvel OA, van den Meer D, van der Wee NJA, van Haren NEM, van't Ent D, van Erp TGM, Veer IM, Veltman DJ, Voineskos A, Völzke H, Walter H, Walton E, Wang L, Wang Y, Wassink TH, Weber B, Wen W, West JD, Westlye LT, Whalley H, Wierenga LM, Williams SCR, Wittfeld K, Wolf DH, Worker A, Wright MJ, Yang K, Yoncheva Y, Zanetti MV, Ziegler GC, Thompson PM, Frangou S. Subcortical volumes across the lifespan: Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:452-469. [PMID: 33570244 PMCID: PMC8675429 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age has a major effect on brain volume. However, the normative studies available are constrained by small sample sizes, restricted age coverage and significant methodological variability. These limitations introduce inconsistencies and may obscure or distort the lifespan trajectories of brain morphometry. In response, we capitalized on the resources of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to examine age-related trajectories inferred from cross-sectional measures of the ventricles, the basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens), the thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala using magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 18,605 individuals aged 3-90 years. All subcortical structure volumes were at their maximum value early in life. The volume of the basal ganglia showed a monotonic negative association with age thereafter; there was no significant association between age and the volumes of the thalamus, amygdala and the hippocampus (with some degree of decline in thalamus) until the sixth decade of life after which they also showed a steep negative association with age. The lateral ventricles showed continuous enlargement throughout the lifespan. Age was positively associated with inter-individual variability in the hippocampus and amygdala and the lateral ventricles. These results were robust to potential confounders and could be used to examine the functional significance of deviations from typical age-related morphometric patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai Dima
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social SciencesCity University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | | | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Psychiatric ResearchDiakonhjemmet HospitalOsloNorway
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Moji Aghajani
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical CentreLocation VUmcAmsterdamNetherlands
- Institute of Education & Child StudiesSection Forensic Family & Youth Care, Leiden UniversityNetherlands
| | - Theophilus N. Akudjedu
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Visualisation, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Social SciencesBournemouth UniversityPooleUK
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics and NCBES Galway Neuroscience CentreNational University of IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Anton Albajes‐Eizagirre
- FIDMAG Germanes HospitalàriesMadridSpain
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
| | - Dag Alnæs
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | - Micael Andersson
- Department of Integrative Medical BiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Nancy C. Andreasen
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of MedicineThe University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental HealthHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Nuria Bargallo
- Imaging Diagnostic Centre, Hospital ClinicBarcelona University ClinicBarcelonaSpain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institut (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Sarah Baumeister
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental HealthHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Ramona Baur‐Streubel
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and PsychotherapyUniversity of WürzburgWurzburgGermany
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense OrgansUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
| | - Aurora Bonvino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense OrgansUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry & PsychotherapyUniversity of LübeckLubeckGermany
| | - Josiane Bourque
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental HealthHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Alan Breier
- Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Rachel M. Brouwer
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- Donders Center of Medical NeurosciencesRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive NeuroimagingRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Geraldo F. Busatto
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Randy L. Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain ScienceHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Vincent Calhoun
- Tri‐Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, USA Neurology, Radiology, Psychiatry and Biomedical EngineeringEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Dara M. Cannon
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics and NCBES Galway Neuroscience CentreNational University of IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Xavier Caseras
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Stockholm Health Care ServicesStockholm RegionStockholmSweden
| | - Tiffany M. Chaim‐Avancini
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Christopher R. K. Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Victoria Chubar
- Department of NeuroscienceKU Leuven, Mind‐Body Research GroupLeuvenBelgium
| | - Vincent P. Clark
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
- Mind Research NetworkAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Department of PsychiatryUniversité de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | - Annette Conzelmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyUniversity of TübingenTubingenGermany
| | - Benedicto Crespo‐Facorro
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- HU Virgen del Rocio, IBiS, University of SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293Université de BordeauxTalenceFrance
| | - Eveline A. Crone
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural SciencesErasmus University RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
- Faculteit der Sociale Wetenschappen, Instituut PsychologieUniversiteit LeidenLeidenNetherlands
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of MünsterMunsterGermany
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, Department of Neuroscience and Department of RadiologyUniversity of California‐San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Eco J. C. de Geus
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Academisch Medisch CentrumUniversiteit van AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Greig I. de Zubicaray
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Anouk den Braber
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Erin W. Dickie
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging Genetics LaboratoryCampbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMHTorontoCanada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Annabella Di Giorgio
- Biological Psychiatry Lab, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della SofferenzaSan Giovanni Rotondo (FG)Italy
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Erlend S. Dørum
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HTNesoddenNorway
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental NeurosciencesTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
- Faculty of MedicineUniversitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Susanne Erk
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Bjørknes CollegeOsloNorway
| | - Helena Fatouros‐Bergman
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Stockholm Health Care ServicesStockholm RegionStockholmSweden
| | - Simon E. Fisher
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
- Language and Genetics DepartmentMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Jean‐Paul Fouche
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental HealthUniversity of Cape TownRondeboschSouth Africa
| | - Barbara Franke
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
- Department of Human GeneticsRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
- Department of PsychiatryRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyOtto von Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - Paola Fuentes‐Claramonte
- FIDMAG Germanes HospitalàriesMadridSpain
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ian H. Gotlib
- Department of PsychologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hans‐Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medicine Greifswald, University of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Site Rostock/GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Oliver Grimm
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum FrankfurtGoethe UniversitatFrankfurtGermany
| | - Nynke A. Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental HealthUniversity of Cape TownRondeboschSouth Africa
- Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of Cape TownRondeboschSouth Africa
| | | | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General PsychiatryHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Patricia Gruner
- Department of PsychiatryYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Learning Based Recovery CenterVA Connecticut Health SystemNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Rachel E. Gur
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Tim Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of MünsterMunsterGermany
| | - Ben J. Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry CenterUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Catharine A. Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulationUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - Sean N. Hatton
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Faculty of MedicineUniversitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Dirk J. Heslenfeld
- Departments of Experimental and Clinical PsychologyVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Derrek P. Hibar
- Personalized HealthcareGenentech, IncSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ian B. Hickie
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Beng‐Choon Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of MedicineThe University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Pieter J. Hoekstra
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental HealthHeidelberg UniversityMannheimGermany
| | - Avram J. Holmes
- Department of PsychologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental HealthUniversity of Cape TownRondeboschSouth Africa
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Norbert Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and NeuroradiologyUniversity Medicine Greifswald, University of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Fleur M. Howells
- Language and Genetics DepartmentMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenNetherlands
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum FrankfurtGoethe UniversitatFrankfurtGermany
| | | | - Chaim Huyser
- Bascule, Academic Centre for Children and Adolescent PsychiatryDuivendrechtNetherlands
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Terry L. Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, Departments of Cognitive Science, Psychiatry, and RadiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Erik G. Jönsson
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Stockholm Health Care ServicesStockholm RegionStockholmSweden
| | - John A. Joska
- Language and Genetics DepartmentMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Rene Kahn
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Andrew Kalnin
- Department of RadiologyOhio State University College of MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Ryota Kanai
- Department of NeuroinformaticsAraya, IncTokyoJapan
| | - Marieke Klein
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental HealthUniversity of Cape TownRondeboschSouth Africa
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Laura Koenders
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Sanne Koops
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Bernd Krämer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General PsychiatryHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience, Thompson InstituteUniversity of the Sunshine CoastSunshine CoastAustralia
| | - Luisa Lázaro
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychologyHospital Clinic, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Irina Lebedeva
- Mental Health Research CenterRussian Academy of Medical SciencesMoskvaRussia
| | - Won Hee Lee
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Klaus‐Peter Lesch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyJulius‐Maximilians Universität WürzburgWurzburgGermany
| | - Christine Lochner
- SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of PsychiatryStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | | | - Sophie Maingault
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293Université de BordeauxTalenceFrance
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical ResearchBerghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Ignacio Martínez‐Zalacaín
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- Department of PsychiatryBellvitge University Hospital‐IDIBELL, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - David Mataix‐Cols
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Stockholm Health Care ServicesStockholm RegionStockholmSweden
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293Université de BordeauxTalenceFrance
| | - Colm McDonald
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics and NCBES Galway Neuroscience CentreNational University of IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Brenna C. McDonald
- Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | | | - Katie L. McMahon
- School of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Genevieve McPhilemy
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics and NCBES Galway Neuroscience CentreNational University of IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of MünsterMunsterGermany
| | - José M. Menchón
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- Department of PsychiatryBellvitge University Hospital‐IDIBELL, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- Queensland Institute of Medical ResearchBerghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Andreas Meyer‐Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental HealthHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Jilly Naaijen
- Donders Centre for Cognitive NeuroimagingRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Pablo Najt
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics and NCBES Galway Neuroscience CentreNational University of IrelandDublinIreland
| | - Tomohiro Nakao
- Department of Clinical MedicineKyushu UniversityKyushuJapan
| | | | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical BiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå Center for Functional Brain ImagingUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Department of Clinical NeuropsychologyAmsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Víctor Ortiz‐García de la Foz
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital “Marques de Valdecilla”Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Yannis Paloyelis
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and PsychotherapyUniversity of WürzburgWurzburgGermany
- Centre of Mental HealthUniversity of WürzburgWurzburgGermany
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense OrgansUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
| | - Edith Pomarol‐Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes HospitalàriesMadridSpain
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
| | - Maria J. Portella
- FIDMAG Germanes HospitalàriesMadridSpain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant PauUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Steven G. Potkin
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California at IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institut (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of PsychiatryPsychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Andreas Reif
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Site Rostock/GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Daniel A. Rinker
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Joshua L. Roffman
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Pedro G. P. Rosa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Matthew D. Sacchet
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress ResearchMcLean Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | | | - Pascual Sánchez‐Juan
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital “Marques de Valdecilla”Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
| | | | | | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Mauricio H. Serpa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental HealthParkvilleAustralia
- Centre for Youth Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Knut Schnell
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute of PsychiatryPsychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Kang Sim
- Institute of Mental HealthSingaporeSingapore
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Iris Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Rijksuniversiteit GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGöttingenNetherlands
| | - Carles Soriano‐Mas
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- Department of PsychiatryBellvitge University Hospital‐IDIBELL, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Dan J. Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of PsychiatryStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | | | | | - Christian K. Tamnes
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Psychiatric ResearchDiakonhjemmet HospitalOsloNorway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Henk S. Temmingh
- Language and Genetics DepartmentMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Sophia I. Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Diana Tordesillas‐Gutiérrez
- FIDMAG Germanes HospitalàriesMadridSpain
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological FacilitiesValdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVALSantanderSpain
| | - Julian N. Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- College of Arts and SciencesGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Language and Genetics DepartmentMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Odile A. van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical CentreLocation VUmcAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Dennis van den Meer
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life SciencesMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtNetherlands
| | - Nic J. A. van der Wee
- Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeidenNetherlands
| | - Neeltje E. M. van Haren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Dennis van't Ent
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Theo G. M. van Erp
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California at IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and MemoryUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Institute of Community MedicineUniversity Medicine, Greifswald, University of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Ilya M. Veer
- Faculty of MedicineUniversitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical CentreLocation VUmcAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Aristotle Voineskos
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging Genetics LaboratoryCampbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMHTorontoCanada
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute of Community MedicineUniversity Medicine, Greifswald, University of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), partner site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Faculty of MedicineUniversitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | | | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of RadiologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Thomas H. Wassink
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of MedicineThe University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Bernd Weber
- Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition ResearchUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - John D. West
- Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- Biological Psychiatry Lab, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della SofferenzaSan Giovanni Rotondo (FG)Italy
| | | | - Lara M. Wierenga
- Developmental and Educational Psychology UnitInstitute of Psychology, Leiden UniversityLeidenNetherlands
| | - Steven C. R. Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of PsychologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medicine Greifswald, University of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Daniel H. Wolf
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Amanda Worker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Kun Yang
- National High Magnetic Field LaboratoryFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Yulyia Yoncheva
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryChild Study Center, NYU Langone HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Marcus V. Zanetti
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Hospital Sírio‐LibanêsSão PauloBrazil
| | - Georg C. Ziegler
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental HealthUniversity of WürzburgWurzburgGermany
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
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Frangou S, Modabbernia A, Williams SCR, Papachristou E, Doucet GE, Agartz I, Aghajani M, Akudjedu TN, Albajes‐Eizagirre A, Alnæs D, Alpert KI, Andersson M, Andreasen NC, Andreassen OA, Asherson P, Banaschewski T, Bargallo N, Baumeister S, Baur‐Streubel R, Bertolino A, Bonvino A, Boomsma DI, Borgwardt S, Bourque J, Brandeis D, Breier A, Brodaty H, Brouwer RM, Buitelaar JK, Busatto GF, Buckner RL, Calhoun V, Canales‐Rodríguez EJ, Cannon DM, Caseras X, Castellanos FX, Cervenka S, Chaim‐Avancini TM, Ching CRK, Chubar V, Clark VP, Conrod P, Conzelmann A, Crespo‐Facorro B, Crivello F, Crone EA, Dale AM, Dannlowski U, Davey C, de Geus EJC, de Haan L, de Zubicaray GI, den Braber A, Dickie EW, Di Giorgio A, Doan NT, Dørum ES, Ehrlich S, Erk S, Espeseth T, Fatouros‐Bergman H, Fisher SE, Fouche J, Franke B, Frodl T, Fuentes‐Claramonte P, Glahn DC, Gotlib IH, Grabe H, Grimm O, Groenewold NA, Grotegerd D, Gruber O, Gruner P, Gur RE, Gur RC, Hahn T, Harrison BJ, Hartman CA, Hatton SN, Heinz A, Heslenfeld DJ, Hibar DP, Hickie IB, Ho B, Hoekstra PJ, Hohmann S, Holmes AJ, Hoogman M, Hosten N, Howells FM, Hulshoff Pol HE, Huyser C, Jahanshad N, James A, Jernigan TL, Jiang J, Jönsson EG, Joska JA, Kahn R, Kalnin A, Kanai R, Klein M, Klyushnik TP, Koenders L, Koops S, Krämer B, Kuntsi J, Lagopoulos J, Lázaro L, Lebedeva I, Lee WH, Lesch K, Lochner C, Machielsen MWJ, Maingault S, Martin NG, Martínez‐Zalacaín I, Mataix‐Cols D, Mazoyer B, McDonald C, McDonald BC, McIntosh AM, McMahon KL, McPhilemy G, Meinert S, Menchón JM, Medland SE, Meyer‐Lindenberg A, Naaijen J, Najt P, Nakao T, Nordvik JE, Nyberg L, Oosterlaan J, de la Foz VO, Paloyelis Y, Pauli P, Pergola G, Pomarol‐Clotet E, Portella MJ, Potkin SG, Radua J, Reif A, Rinker DA, Roffman JL, Rosa PGP, Sacchet MD, Sachdev PS, Salvador R, Sánchez‐Juan P, Sarró S, Satterthwaite TD, Saykin AJ, Serpa MH, Schmaal L, Schnell K, Schumann G, Sim K, Smoller JW, Sommer I, Soriano‐Mas C, Stein DJ, Strike LT, Swagerman SC, Tamnes CK, Temmingh HS, Thomopoulos SI, Tomyshev AS, Tordesillas‐Gutiérrez D, Trollor JN, Turner JA, Uhlmann A, van den Heuvel OA, van den Meer D, van der Wee NJA, van Haren NEM, van 't Ent D, van Erp TGM, Veer IM, Veltman DJ, Voineskos A, Völzke H, Walter H, Walton E, Wang L, Wang Y, Wassink TH, Weber B, Wen W, West JD, Westlye LT, Whalley H, Wierenga LM, Wittfeld K, Wolf DH, Worker A, Wright MJ, Yang K, Yoncheva Y, Zanetti MV, Ziegler GC, Thompson PM, Dima D. Cortical thickness across the lifespan: Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:431-451. [PMID: 33595143 PMCID: PMC8675431 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Delineating the association of age and cortical thickness in healthy individuals is critical given the association of cortical thickness with cognition and behavior. Previous research has shown that robust estimates of the association between age and brain morphometry require large-scale studies. In response, we used cross-sectional data from 17,075 individuals aged 3-90 years from the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to infer age-related changes in cortical thickness. We used fractional polynomial (FP) regression to quantify the association between age and cortical thickness, and we computed normalized growth centiles using the parametric Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method. Interindividual variability was estimated using meta-analysis and one-way analysis of variance. For most regions, their highest cortical thickness value was observed in childhood. Age and cortical thickness showed a negative association; the slope was steeper up to the third decade of life and more gradual thereafter; notable exceptions to this general pattern were entorhinal, temporopolar, and anterior cingulate cortices. Interindividual variability was largest in temporal and frontal regions across the lifespan. Age and its FP combinations explained up to 59% variance in cortical thickness. These results may form the basis of further investigation on normative deviation in cortical thickness and its significance for behavioral and cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Frangou
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York CityNew YorkUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | | | - Steven C. R. Williams
- Department of NeuroimagingInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Efstathios Papachristou
- Psychology and Human DevelopmentInstitute of Education, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gaelle E. Doucet
- Institute for Human NeuroscienceBoys Town National Research HospitalOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Psychiatric ResearchDiakonhjemmet HospitalOsloNorway
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
| | - Moji Aghajani
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije UniversiteitAmsterdamNetherlands
- Section Forensic Family & Youth CareInstitute of Education & Child StudiesLeiden UniversityNetherlands
| | - Theophilus N. Akudjedu
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Visualisation, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Social SciencesBournemouth UniversityPooleUnited Kingdom
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics and NCBES Galway Neuroscience CentreNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland
| | - Anton Albajes‐Eizagirre
- FIDMAG Germanes HospitalàriesBarcelonaSpain
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
| | - Dag Alnæs
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Division of Mental Health and AddictionInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | - Micael Andersson
- Department of Integrative Medical BiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Nancy C. Andreasen
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of MedicineThe University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental HealthHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Nuria Bargallo
- Imaging Diagnostic CentreHospital Clinic, Barcelona University ClinicBarcelonaSpain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institut (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Sarah Baumeister
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental HealthHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Ramona Baur‐Streubel
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and PsychotherapyUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense OrgansUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
| | - Aurora Bonvino
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry & PsychotherapyUniversity of LübeckLübeckGermany
| | - Josiane Bourque
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental HealthHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Alan Breier
- Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Rachel M. Brouwer
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- Donders Center of Medical NeurosciencesRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive NeuroimagingRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Geraldo F. Busatto
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Randy L. Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain ScienceHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Vincent Calhoun
- Tri‐Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of TechnologyEmory University, USA Neurology, Radiology, Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering, Emory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Erick J. Canales‐Rodríguez
- FIDMAG Germanes HospitalàriesBarcelonaSpain
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
| | - Dara M. Cannon
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics and NCBES Galway Neuroscience CentreNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland
| | - Xavier Caseras
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
- Stockholm Health Care ServicesStockholmSweden
| | - Tiffany M. Chaim‐Avancini
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Christopher R. K. Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Victoria Chubar
- Mind‐Body Research Group, Department of NeuroscienceKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Vincent P. Clark
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
- Mind Research NetworkAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Patricia Conrod
- Department of PsychiatryUniversité de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | - Annette Conzelmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Benedicto Crespo‐Facorro
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- HU Virgen del Rocio, IBiSUniversity of SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293Université de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Eveline A. Crone
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural SciencesErasmus University RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
- Faculteit der Sociale Wetenschappen, Instituut PsychologieUniversiteit LeidenLeidenNetherlands
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of California‐San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of California‐San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of MünsterGermany
| | | | - Eco J. C. de Geus
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Academisch Medisch CentrumUniversiteit van AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Greig I. de Zubicaray
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of TechnologyQueenslandAustralia
| | - Anouk den Braber
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Erin W. Dickie
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging Genetics Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research InstituteCAMHCampbellCanada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Annabella Di Giorgio
- Biological Psychiatry LabFondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della SofferenzaSan Giovanni Rotondo (FG)Italy
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Erlend S. Dørum
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HTNesoddenNorway
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental NeurosciencesTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
- Faculty of MedicineUniversitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Susanne Erk
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Biological Psychiatry LabFondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della SofferenzaSan Giovanni Rotondo (FG)Italy
- Bjørknes CollegeOsloNorway
| | - Helena Fatouros‐Bergman
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
- Stockholm Health Care ServicesStockholmSweden
| | - Simon E. Fisher
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
- Language and Genetics DepartmentMax Planck Institute for PsycholinguisticsNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Jean‐Paul Fouche
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Barbara Franke
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
- Department of Human GeneticsRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
- Department of PsychiatryRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyOtto von Guericke University MagdeburgMagdeburgGermany
| | - Paola Fuentes‐Claramonte
- FIDMAG Germanes HospitalàriesBarcelonaSpain
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of PsychiatryTommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ian H. Gotlib
- Department of PsychologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hans‐Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medicine Greifswald, University of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Site Rostock/GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Oliver Grimm
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyUniversitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe UniversitatFrankfurtGermany
| | - Nynke A. Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | | | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General PsychiatryHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Patricia Gruner
- Department of PsychiatryYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Learning Based Recovery CenterVA Connecticut Health SystemWest HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Rachel E. Gur
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Tim Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of MünsterGermany
| | - Ben J. Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry CenterUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Catharine A. Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulationUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - Sean N. Hatton
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Dirk J. Heslenfeld
- Departments of Experimental and Clinical PsychologyVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Derrek P. Hibar
- Personalized Healthcare, Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ian B. Hickie
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Beng‐Choon Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of MedicineThe University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Pieter J. Hoekstra
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental HealthHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Avram J. Holmes
- Department of PsychologyYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
- Department of Human GeneticsRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Norbert Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and NeuroradiologyUniversity Medicine Greifswald, University of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Fleur M. Howells
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | | | - Chaim Huyser
- De Bascule, Academic Centre for Children and Adolescent PsychiatryAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Mind‐Body Research Group, Department of NeuroscienceKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Anthony James
- Department of PsychiatryOxford UniversityOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Terry L. Jernigan
- Center for Human Development, Departments of Cognitive Science, Psychiatry, and RadiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Erik G. Jönsson
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - John A. Joska
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Rene Kahn
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Andrew Kalnin
- Department of RadiologyOhio State University College of MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Ryota Kanai
- Department of NeuroinformaticsAraya, Inc.TokyoJapan
| | - Marieke Klein
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
- Department of Human GeneticsRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenNetherlands
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Laura Koenders
- Academisch Medisch CentrumUniversiteit van AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Sanne Koops
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Bernd Krämer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General PsychiatryHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Sunshine Coast Mind and NeuroscienceThompson Institute, University of the Sunshine CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Luisa Lázaro
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and PsychologyHospital Clinic, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Irina Lebedeva
- Mental Health Research CenterRussian Academy of Medical SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Won Hee Lee
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Klaus‐Peter Lesch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyJulius‐Maximilians Universität WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Christine Lochner
- SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of PsychiatryStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | | | - Sophie Maingault
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293Université de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical ResearchBerghofer Medical Research InstituteQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ignacio Martínez‐Zalacaín
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- Department of PsychiatryBellvitge University Hospital‐IDIBELL, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - David Mataix‐Cols
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
- Stockholm Health Care ServicesStockholmSweden
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR5293Université de BordeauxBordeauxFrance
| | - Colm McDonald
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics and NCBES Galway Neuroscience CentreNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland
| | - Brenna C. McDonald
- Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | | | - Katie L. McMahon
- School of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of TechnologyQueenslandAustralia
| | - Genevieve McPhilemy
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics and NCBES Galway Neuroscience CentreNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of MünsterGermany
| | - José M. Menchón
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- Department of PsychiatryBellvitge University Hospital‐IDIBELL, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- Queensland Institute of Medical ResearchBerghofer Medical Research InstituteQueenslandAustralia
| | - Andreas Meyer‐Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCentral Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Jilly Naaijen
- Donders Centre for Cognitive NeuroimagingRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenNetherlands
| | - Pablo Najt
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics and NCBES Galway Neuroscience CentreNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland
| | - Tomohiro Nakao
- Department of Clinical MedicineKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | | | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical BiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Department of Radiation SciencesUmeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Department of Clinical NeuropsychologyAmsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Víctor Ortiz‐García de la Foz
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Hospital “Marques de Valdecilla”, Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Yannis Paloyelis
- Department of NeuroimagingInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and PsychotherapyUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Centre of Mental HealthUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense OrgansUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBariItaly
| | - Edith Pomarol‐Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes HospitalàriesBarcelonaSpain
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
| | - Maria J. Portella
- FIDMAG Germanes HospitalàriesBarcelonaSpain
- Department of PsychiatryHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Steven G. Potkin
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California at IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institut (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
- Department of Psychosis StudiesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyUniversitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe UniversitatFrankfurtGermany
| | - Daniel A. Rinker
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Joshua L. Roffman
- Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Pedro G. P. Rosa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Matthew D. Sacchet
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress ResearchMcLean Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Pascual Sánchez‐Juan
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Hospital “Marques de Valdecilla”, Instituto de Investigación Valdecilla (IDIVAL)SantanderSpain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)ValderrebolloSpain
| | | | | | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Mauricio H. Serpa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- OrygenThe National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental HealthMelbourneAustralia
- Centre for Youth Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Knut Schnell
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision MedicineInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Kang Sim
- Department of General PsychiatryInstitute of Mental HealthSingaporeSingapore
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Center for Genomic MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Iris Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Rijksuniversiteit GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenNetherlands
| | - Carles Soriano‐Mas
- Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
- Department of PsychiatryBellvitge University Hospital‐IDIBELL, University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Dan J. Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of PsychiatryStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Lachlan T. Strike
- Queensland Brain InstituteUniversity of QueenslandQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Christian K. Tamnes
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Psychiatric ResearchDiakonhjemmet HospitalOsloNorway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Henk S. Temmingh
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Sophia I. Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Diana Tordesillas‐Gutiérrez
- FIDMAG Germanes HospitalàriesBarcelonaSpain
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological FacilitiesValdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVALCantabriaSpain
| | - Julian N. Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- College of Arts and SciencesGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Odile A. van den Heuvel
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije UniversiteitAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Dennis van den Meer
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Division of Mental Health and AddictionInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life SciencesMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtNetherlands
| | - Nic J. A. van der Wee
- Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands
| | - Neeltje E. M. van Haren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus University Medical Center, Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Dennis van 't Ent
- Department of Biological PsychologyVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Theo G. M. van Erp
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California at IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and MemoryUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Institute of Community MedicineUniversity Medicine, Greifswald, University of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Ilya M. Veer
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije UniversiteitAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Aristotle Voineskos
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging Genetics Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research InstituteCAMHCampbellCanada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute of Community MedicineUniversity Medicine, Greifswald, University of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), partner site GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Esther Walton
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of BathBathUnited Kingdom
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinoisUSA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of RadiologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Thomas H. Wassink
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of MedicineThe University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Bernd Weber
- Institute for Experimental Epileptology and Cognition ResearchUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesKensingtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - John D. West
- Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | | | - Heather Whalley
- Division of PsychiatryUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Lara M. Wierenga
- Developmental and Educational Psychology Unit, Institute of PsychologyLeiden UniversityLeidenNetherlands
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medicine Greifswald, University of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)Site Rostock/GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Daniel H. Wolf
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Amanda Worker
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | | | - Kun Yang
- National High Magnetic Field LaboratoryFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Yulyia Yoncheva
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child Study CenterNYU Langone HealthNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Marcus V. Zanetti
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
- Instituto de Ensino e PesquisaHospital Sírio‐LibanêsSão PauloBrazil
| | - Georg C. Ziegler
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental HealthUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | | | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Danai Dima
- Department of NeuroimagingInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social SciencesCity University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Du J, Buckner RL. Precision Estimates of Macroscale Network Organization in the Human and Their Relation to Anatomical Connectivity in the Marmoset Monkey. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2021; 40:144-152. [PMID: 34722833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Precision estimates of network organization from functional connectivity MRI in the human and tract-tracing data in the marmoset monkey converge to reveal an orderly macroscale gradient of sequential networks across the cerebral cortex. Parallel networks begin with a sequence of multiple nested sensory-motor networks in both species progressing to more distributed association networks in rostral prefrontal and temporal association zones, which are expanded and differentiated in the human. From this perspective, the spatially-distributed motif encountered in association networks appears to be on a continuum with primary sensory-motor networks. Network motifs supporting sophisticated forms of human cognition may arise from specializations of distributed anatomical networks formed in an ancestor at least 45 million years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Du
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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23
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Rahimi-Eichi H, Coombs Iii G, Vidal Bustamante CM, Onnela JP, Baker JT, Buckner RL. Open-source Longitudinal Sleep Analysis From Accelerometer Data (DPSleep): Algorithm Development and Validation. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021; 9:e29849. [PMID: 34612831 PMCID: PMC8529474 DOI: 10.2196/29849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wearable devices are now widely available to collect continuous objective behavioral data from individuals and to measure sleep. OBJECTIVE This study aims to introduce a pipeline to infer sleep onset, duration, and quality from raw accelerometer data and then quantify the relationships between derived sleep metrics and other variables of interest. METHODS The pipeline released here for the deep phenotyping of sleep, as the DPSleep software package, uses a stepwise algorithm to detect missing data; within-individual, minute-based, spectral power percentiles of activity; and iterative, forward-and-backward-sliding windows to estimate the major Sleep Episode onset and offset. Software modules allow for manual quality control adjustment of the derived sleep features and correction for time zone changes. In this paper, we have illustrated the pipeline with data from participants studied for more than 200 days each. RESULTS Actigraphy-based measures of sleep duration were associated with self-reported sleep quality ratings. Simultaneous measures of smartphone use and GPS location data support the validity of the sleep timing inferences and reveal how phone measures of sleep timing can differ from actigraphy data. CONCLUSIONS We discuss the use of DPSleep in relation to other available sleep estimation approaches and provide example use cases that include multi-dimensional, deep longitudinal phenotyping, extended measurement of dynamics associated with mental illness, and the possibility of combining wearable actigraphy and personal electronic device data (eg, smartphones and tablets) to measure individual differences across a wide range of behavioral variations in health and disease. A new open-source pipeline for deep phenotyping of sleep, DPSleep, analyzes raw accelerometer data from wearable devices and estimates sleep onset and offset while allowing for manual quality control adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiballah Rahimi-Eichi
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Garth Coombs Iii
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Jukka-Pekka Onnela
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Justin T Baker
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
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24
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Kiang MV, Chen JT, Krieger N, Buckee CO, Alexander MJ, Baker JT, Buckner RL, Coombs G, Rich-Edwards JW, Carlson KW, Onnela JP. Sociodemographic characteristics of missing data in digital phenotyping. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15408. [PMID: 34326370 PMCID: PMC8322366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquity of smartphones, with their increasingly sophisticated array of sensors, presents an unprecedented opportunity for researchers to collect longitudinal, diverse, temporally-dense data about human behavior while minimizing participant burden. Researchers increasingly make use of smartphones for "digital phenotyping," the collection and analysis of raw phone sensor and log data to study the lived experiences of subjects in their natural environments using their own devices. While digital phenotyping has shown promise in fields such as psychiatry and neuroscience, there are fundamental gaps in our knowledge about data collection and non-collection (i.e., missing data) in smartphone-based digital phenotyping. In this meta-study using individual-level data from six different studies, we examined accelerometer and GPS sensor data of 211 participants, amounting to 29,500 person-days of observation, using Bayesian hierarchical negative binomial regression with study- and user-level random intercepts. Sensitivity analyses including alternative model specification and stratified models were conducted. We found that iOS users had lower GPS non-collection than Android users. For GPS data, rates of non-collection did not differ by race/ethnicity, education, age, or gender. For accelerometer data, Black participants had higher rates of non-collection, but rates did not differ by sex, education, or age. For both sensors, non-collection increased by 0.5% to 0.9% per week. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using smartphone-based digital phenotyping across diverse populations, for extended periods of time, and within diverse cohorts. As smartphones become increasingly embedded in everyday life, the insights of this study will help guide the design, planning, and analysis of digital phenotyping studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew V Kiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jarvis T Chen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy Krieger
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline O Buckee
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monica J Alexander
- Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Justin T Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Garth Coombs
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Janet W Rich-Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenzie W Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jukka-Pekka Onnela
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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DiNicola LM, Buckner RL. Precision Estimates of Parallel Distributed Association Networks: Evidence for Domain Specialization and Implications for Evolution and Development. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2021; 40:120-129. [PMID: 34263017 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Humans can reason about other minds, comprehend language and imagine. These abilities depend on association regions that exhibit evolutionary expansion and prolonged postnatal development. Precision maps within individuals reveal these expanded zones are populated by multiple specialized networks that each possess a spatially distributed motif but remain anatomically separated throughout the cortex for language, social and mnemonic / spatial functions. Rather than converge on multi-domain regions or hubs, these networks include distinct regions within rostral prefrontal and temporal association zones. To account for these observations, we propose the expansion-fractionation-specialization (EFS) hypothesis: evolutionary expansion of human association cortex may have allowed for an archetype distributed network to fractionate into multiple specialized networks. Human development may recapitulate fractionation and specialization when these abilities emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M DiNicola
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
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26
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Juttukonda MR, Li B, Almaktoum R, Stephens KA, Yochim KM, Yacoub E, Buckner RL, Salat DH. Characterizing cerebral hemodynamics across the adult lifespan with arterial spin labeling MRI data from the Human Connectome Project-Aging. Neuroimage 2021; 230:117807. [PMID: 33524575 PMCID: PMC8185881 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a popular approach for studying cerebral hemodynamics in a range of disorders and has recently been included as part of the Human Connectome Project-Aging (HCP-A). Due to the high spatial resolution and multiple post-labeling delays, ASL data from HCP-A holds promise for localization of hemodynamic signals not only in gray matter but also in white matter. However, gleaning information about white matter hemodynamics with ASL is challenging due in part to longer blood arrival times in white matter compared to gray matter. In this work, we present an analytical approach for deriving measures of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and arterial transit times (ATT) from the ASL data from HCP-A and report on gray and white matter hemodynamics in a large cohort (n = 234) of typically aging adults (age 36–90 years). Pseudo-continuous ASL data were acquired with labeling duration = 1500 ms and five post-labeling delays = 200 ms, 700 ms, 1200, 1700 ms, and 2200 ms. ATT values were first calculated on a voxel-wise basis through normalized cross-correlation analysis of the acquired signal time course in that voxel and an expected time course based on an acquisition-specific Bloch simulation. CBF values were calculated using a two-compartment model and with age-appropriate blood water longitudinal relaxation times. Using this approach, we found that white matter CBF reduces (ρ = 0.39) and white matter ATT elongates (ρ = 0.42) with increasing age (p < 0.001). In addition, CBF is lower and ATTs are longer in white matter compared to gray matter across the adult lifespan (Wilcoxon signed-rank tests; p < 0.001). We also found sex differences with females exhibiting shorter white matter ATTs than males, independently of age (Wilcoxon rank-sum test; p < 0.001). Finally, we have shown that CBF and ATT values are spatially heterogeneous, with significant differences in cortical versus subcortical gray matter and juxtacortical versus periventricular white matter. These results serve as a characterization of normative physiology across the human lifespan against which hemodynamic impairment due to cerebrovascular or neurodegenerative diseases could be compared in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meher R Juttukonda
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Suite, 2301, Charlestown 02129, MA, United States; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Binyin Li
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Suite, 2301, Charlestown 02129, MA, United States; Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Randa Almaktoum
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Suite, 2301, Charlestown 02129, MA, United States
| | - Kimberly A Stephens
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Suite, 2301, Charlestown 02129, MA, United States
| | - Kathryn M Yochim
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Suite, 2301, Charlestown 02129, MA, United States
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnessota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Suite, 2301, Charlestown 02129, MA, United States; Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - David H Salat
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 Thirteenth Street, Suite, 2301, Charlestown 02129, MA, United States; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
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27
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Jung KH, Stephens KA, Yochim KM, Riphagen JM, Kim CM, Buckner RL, Salat DH. Heterogeneity of Cerebral White Matter Lesions and Clinical Correlates in Older Adults. Stroke 2021; 52:620-630. [PMID: 33406867 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.031641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral white matter signal abnormalities (WMSAs) are a significant radiological marker associated with brain and vascular aging. However, understanding their clinical impact is limited because of their pathobiological heterogeneity. We determined whether use of robust reliable automated procedures can distinguish WMSA classes with different clinical consequences. METHODS Data from generally healthy participants aged >50 years with moderate or greater WMSA were selected from the Human Connectome Project-Aging (n=130). WMSAs were segmented on T1 imaging. Features extracted from WMSA included total and regional volume, number of discontinuous clusters, size of noncontiguous lesion, contrast of lesion intensity relative to surrounding normal appearing tissue using a fully automated procedure. Hierarchical clustering was used to classify individuals into distinct classes of WMSA. Radiological and clinical variability was evaluated across the individual WMSA classes. RESULTS Class I was characterized by multiple, small, lower-contrast lesions predominantly in the deep WM; class II by large, confluent lesions in the periventricular WM; and class III by higher-contrast lesions restricted to the juxtaventricular WM. Class II was associated with lower myelin content than the other 2 classes. Class II was more prevalent in older subjects and was associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension and lower physical activity levels. Poor sleep quality was associated with a greater risk of class I. CONCLUSIONS We classified heterogeneous subsets of cerebral white matter lesions into distinct classes that have different clinical risk factors. This new method for identifying classes of WMSA will be important in understanding the underlying pathophysiology and in determining the impact on clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Hwa Jung
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.-H.J., K.A.S., K.M.Y., J.M.R., C.M.K., D.H.S.).,Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea (K.-H.J.)
| | - Kimberly A Stephens
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.-H.J., K.A.S., K.M.Y., J.M.R., C.M.K., D.H.S.)
| | - Kathryn M Yochim
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.-H.J., K.A.S., K.M.Y., J.M.R., C.M.K., D.H.S.)
| | - Joost M Riphagen
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.-H.J., K.A.S., K.M.Y., J.M.R., C.M.K., D.H.S.).,Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre, the Netherlands (J.M.R.)
| | - Chan Mi Kim
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.-H.J., K.A.S., K.M.Y., J.M.R., C.M.K., D.H.S.)
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology (R.L.B.), Harvard University, Cambridge.,Center for Brain Science (R.L.B.), Harvard University, Cambridge.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.L.B.)
| | - David H Salat
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (K.-H.J., K.A.S., K.M.Y., J.M.R., C.M.K., D.H.S.).,VA Boston Healthcare System, Neuroimaging Research for Veterans Center, MA (D.S.H.)
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28
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Xue A, Kong R, Yang Q, Eldaief MC, Angeli PA, DiNicola LM, Braga RM, Buckner RL, Yeo BTT. The detailed organization of the human cerebellum estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity within the individual. J Neurophysiol 2020; 125:358-384. [PMID: 33427596 PMCID: PMC7948146 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00561.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinct regions of the cerebellum connect to separate regions of the cerebral cortex forming a complex topography. Although cerebellar organization has been examined in group-averaged data, study of individuals provides an opportunity to discover features that emerge at a higher spatial resolution. Here, functional connectivity MRI was used to examine the cerebellum of two intensively sampled individuals (each scanned 31 times). Connectivity to somatomotor cortex showed the expected crossed laterality and topography of the body maps. A surprising discovery was connectivity to the primary visual cortex along the vermis with evidence for representation of the central field. Within the hemispheres, each individual displayed a hierarchical progression from the inverted anterior lobe somatomotor map through to higher-order association zones. The hierarchy ended at Crus I/II and then progressed in reverse order through to the upright somatomotor map in the posterior lobe. Evidence for a third set of networks was found in the most posterior extent of the cerebellum. Detailed analysis of the higher-order association networks revealed robust representations of two distinct networks linked to the default network, multiple networks linked to cognitive control, as well as a separate representation of a language network. Although idiosyncratic spatial details emerged between subjects, each network could be detected in both individuals, and seed regions placed within the cerebellum recapitulated the full extent of the spatially specific cerebral networks. The observation of multiple networks in juxtaposed regions at the Crus I/II apex confirms the importance of this zone to higher-order cognitive function and reveals new organizational details.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Stable, within-individual maps of cerebellar organization reveal orderly macroscale representations of the cerebral cortex with local juxtaposed zones representing distinct networks. In addition, individuals reveal idiosyncratic organizational features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihuiping Xue
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Sleep & Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.,N.1 Institute for Health & Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ru Kong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Sleep & Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.,N.1 Institute for Health & Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Sleep & Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.,N.1 Institute for Health & Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark C Eldaief
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Peter A Angeli
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren M DiNicola
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rodrigo M Braga
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Sleep & Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.,N.1 Institute for Health & Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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29
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Braga RM, DiNicola LM, Becker HC, Buckner RL. Situating the left-lateralized language network in the broader organization of multiple specialized large-scale distributed networks. J Neurophysiol 2020; 124:1415-1448. [PMID: 32965153 PMCID: PMC8356783 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00753.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using procedures optimized to explore network organization within the individual, the topography of a candidate language network was characterized and situated within the broader context of adjacent networks. The candidate network was first identified using functional connectivity and replicated across individuals, acquisition tasks, and analytical methods. In addition to classical language regions near the perisylvian cortex and temporal pole, regions were also observed in dorsal posterior cingulate, midcingulate, and anterior superior frontal and inferior temporal cortex. The candidate network was selectively activated when processing meaningful (as contrasted with nonword) sentences, whereas spatially adjacent networks showed minimal or even decreased activity. Results were replicated and triplicated across two prospectively acquired cohorts. Examined in relation to adjacent networks, the topography of the language network was found to parallel the motif of other association networks, including the transmodal association networks linked to theory of mind and episodic remembering (often collectively called the default network). The several networks contained juxtaposed regions in multiple association zones. Outside of these juxtaposed higher-order networks, we further noted a distinct frontotemporal network situated between language regions and a frontal orofacial motor region and a temporal auditory region. A possibility is that these functionally related sensorimotor regions might anchor specialization of neighboring association regions that develop into a language network. What is most striking is that the canonical language network appears to be just one of multiple similarly organized, differentially specialized distributed networks that populate the evolutionarily expanded zones of human association cortex. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This research shows that a language network can be identified within individuals using functional connectivity. Organizational details reveal that the language network shares a common spatial motif with other association networks, including default and frontoparietal control networks. The language network is activated by language task demands, whereas closely juxtaposed networks are not, suggesting that similarly organized but differentially specialized distributed networks populate association cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M Braga
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,The Computational, Cognitive, and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren M DiNicola
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Hannah C Becker
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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30
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Grasby KL, Jahanshad N, Painter JN, Colodro-Conde L, Bralten J, Hibar DP, Lind PA, Pizzagalli F, Ching CRK, McMahon MAB, Shatokhina N, Zsembik LCP, Thomopoulos SI, Zhu AH, Strike LT, Agartz I, Alhusaini S, Almeida MAA, Alnæs D, Amlien IK, Andersson M, Ard T, Armstrong NJ, Ashley-Koch A, Atkins JR, Bernard M, Brouwer RM, Buimer EEL, Bülow R, Bürger C, Cannon DM, Chakravarty M, Chen Q, Cheung JW, Couvy-Duchesne B, Dale AM, Dalvie S, de Araujo TK, de Zubicaray GI, de Zwarte SMC, den Braber A, Doan NT, Dohm K, Ehrlich S, Engelbrecht HR, Erk S, Fan CC, Fedko IO, Foley SF, Ford JM, Fukunaga M, Garrett ME, Ge T, Giddaluru S, Goldman AL, Green MJ, Groenewold NA, Grotegerd D, Gurholt TP, Gutman BA, Hansell NK, Harris MA, Harrison MB, Haswell CC, Hauser M, Herms S, Heslenfeld DJ, Ho NF, Hoehn D, Hoffmann P, Holleran L, Hoogman M, Hottenga JJ, Ikeda M, Janowitz D, Jansen IE, Jia T, Jockwitz C, Kanai R, Karama S, Kasperaviciute D, Kaufmann T, Kelly S, Kikuchi M, Klein M, Knapp M, Knodt AR, Krämer B, Lam M, Lancaster TM, Lee PH, Lett TA, Lewis LB, Lopes-Cendes I, Luciano M, Macciardi F, Marquand AF, Mathias SR, Melzer TR, Milaneschi Y, Mirza-Schreiber N, Moreira JCV, Mühleisen TW, Müller-Myhsok B, Najt P, Nakahara S, Nho K, Loohuis LMO, Orfanos DP, Pearson JF, Pitcher TL, Pütz B, Quidé Y, Ragothaman A, Rashid FM, Reay WR, Redlich R, Reinbold CS, Repple J, Richard G, Riede BC, Risacher SL, Rocha CS, Mota NR, Salminen L, Saremi A, Saykin AJ, Schlag F, Schmaal L, Schofield PR, Secolin R, Shapland CY, Shen L, Shin J, Shumskaya E, Sønderby IE, Sprooten E, Tansey KE, Teumer A, Thalamuthu A, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D, Turner JA, Uhlmann A, Vallerga CL, van derMeer D, van Donkelaar MMJ, van Eijk L, van Erp TGM, van Haren NEM, van Rooij D, van Tol MJ, Veldink JH, Verhoef E, Walton E, Wang M, Wang Y, Wardlaw JM, Wen W, Westlye LT, Whelan CD, Witt SH, Wittfeld K, Wolf C, Wolfers T, Wu JQ, Yasuda CL, Zaremba D, Zhang Z, Zwiers MP, Artiges E, Assareh AA, Ayesa-Arriola R, Belger A, Brandt CL, Brown GG, Cichon S, Curran JE, Davies GE, Degenhardt F, Dennis MF, Dietsche B, Djurovic S, Doherty CP, Espiritu R, Garijo D, Gil Y, Gowland PA, Green RC, Häusler AN, Heindel W, Ho BC, Hoffmann WU, Holsboer F, Homuth G, Hosten N, Jack CR, Jang M, Jansen A, Kimbrel NA, Kolskår K, Koops S, Krug A, Lim KO, Luykx JJ, Mathalon DH, Mather KA, Mattay VS, Matthews S, Van Son JM, McEwen SC, Melle I, Morris DW, Mueller BA, Nauck M, Nordvik JE, Nöthen MM, O’Leary DS, Opel N, Martinot MLP, Pike GB, Preda A, Quinlan EB, Rasser PE, Ratnakar V, Reppermund S, Steen VM, Tooney PA, Torres FR, Veltman DJ, Voyvodic JT, Whelan R, White T, Yamamori H, Adams HHH, Bis JC, Debette S, Decarli C, Fornage M, Gudnason V, Hofer E, Ikram MA, Launer L, Longstreth WT, Lopez OL, Mazoyer B, Mosley TH, Roshchupkin GV, Satizabal CL, Schmidt R, Seshadri S, Yang Q, Alvim MKM, Ames D, Anderson TJ, Andreassen OA, Arias-Vasquez A, Bastin ME, Baune BT, Beckham JC, Blangero J, Boomsma DI, Brodaty H, Brunner HG, Buckner RL, Buitelaar JK, Bustillo JR, Cahn W, Cairns MJ, Calhoun V, Carr VJ, Caseras X, Caspers S, Cavalleri GL, Cendes F, Corvin A, Crespo-Facorro B, Dalrymple-Alford JC, Dannlowski U, de Geus EJC, Deary IJ, Delanty N, Depondt C, Desrivières S, Donohoe G, Espeseth T, Fernández G, Fisher SE, Flor H, Forstner AJ, Francks C, Franke B, Glahn DC, Gollub RL, Grabe HJ, Gruber O, Håberg AK, Hariri AR, Hartman CA, Hashimoto R, Heinz A, Henskens FA, Hillegers MHJ, Hoekstra PJ, Holmes AJ, Hong LE, Hopkins WD, Pol HEH, Jernigan TL, Jönsson EG, Kahn RS, Kennedy MA, Kircher TTJ, Kochunov P, Kwok JBJ, Le Hellard S, Loughland CM, Martin NG, Martinot JL, McDonald C, McMahon KL, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Michie PT, Morey RA, Mowry B, Nyberg L, Oosterlaan J, Ophoff RA, Pantelis C, Paus T, Pausova Z, Penninx BWJH, Polderman TJC, Posthuma D, Rietschel M, Roffman JL, Rowland LM, Sachdev PS, Sämann PG, Schall U, Schumann G, Scott RJ, Sim K, Sisodiya SM, Smoller JW, Sommer IE, St Pourcain B, Stein DJ, Toga AW, Trollor JN, Van der Wee NJA, van ‘t Ent D, Völzke H, Walter H, Weber B, Weinberger DR, Wright MJ, Zhou J, Stein JL, Thompson PM, Medland SE. The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex. Science 2020; 367:eaay6690. [PMID: 32193296 PMCID: PMC7295264 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay6690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L. Grasby
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jodie N. Painter
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lucía Colodro-Conde
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Derrek P. Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Personalized Healthcare, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Penelope A. Lind
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Fabrizio Pizzagalli
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher R. K. Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Graduate Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary Agnes B. McMahon
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Shatokhina
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leo C. P. Zsembik
- Department of Genetics and UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sophia I. Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa H. Zhu
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lachlan T. Strike
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saud Alhusaini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Neurology Department, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marcio A. A. Almeida
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge K. Amlien
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Micael Andersson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tyler Ard
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Allison Ashley-Koch
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joshua R. Atkins
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Manon Bernard
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel M. Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth E. L. Buimer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute for Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Bürger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dara M. Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mallar Chakravarty
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Qiang Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua W. Cheung
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shareefa Dalvie
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tânia K. de Araujo
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Greig I. de Zubicaray
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sonja M. C. de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anouk den Braber
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katharina Dohm
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hannah-Ruth Engelbrecht
- Division of Human Genetics, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Susanne Erk
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chun Chieh Fan
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Iryna O. Fedko
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sonya F. Foley
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Judith M. Ford
- San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Melanie E. Garrett
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tian Ge
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sudheer Giddaluru
- NORMENT K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Melissa J. Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nynke A. Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Tiril P. Gurholt
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Boris A. Gutman
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Narelle K. Hansell
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Mathew A. Harris
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc B. Harrison
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Courtney C. Haswell
- Duke UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael Hauser
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stefan Herms
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Research Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk J. Heslenfeld
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - New Fei Ho
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Hoehn
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laurena Holleran
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Iris E. Jansen
- Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tianye Jia
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and BrainInspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Christiane Jockwitz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ryota Kanai
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Araya, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sherif Karama
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dalia Kasperaviciute
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sinead Kelly
- Public Psychiatry Division, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masataka Kikuchi
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michael Knapp
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Annchen R. Knodt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bernd Krämer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Max Lam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas M. Lancaster
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Phil H. Lee
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tristram A. Lett
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lindsay B. Lewis
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Iscia Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andre F. Marquand
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Samuel R. Mathias
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Tracy R. Melzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand-Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC/Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nazanin Mirza-Schreiber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jose C. V. Moreira
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
- IC-Institute of Computing, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thomas W. Mühleisen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Pablo Najt
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Soichiro Nakahara
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharmaceuticals, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Loes M. Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - John F. Pearson
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Toni L. Pitcher
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand-Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Benno Pütz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Yann Quidé
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anjanibhargavi Ragothaman
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Faisal M. Rashid
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William R. Reay
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Céline S. Reinbold
- Centre for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Geneviève Richard
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Brandalyn C. Riede
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shannon L. Risacher
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cristiane S. Rocha
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Nina R. Mota
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lauren Salminen
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arvin Saremi
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fenja Schlag
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Secolin
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Chin Yang Shapland
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Population Neuroscience & Developmental Neuroimaging, Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, East York, ON, Canada
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ida E. Sønderby
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Katherine E. Tansey
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Anne Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Costanza L. Vallerga
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dennis van derMeer
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Liza van Eijk
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Theo G. M. van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Neeltje E. M. van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marie-José van Tol
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan H. Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ellen Verhoef
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Esther Walton
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Mingyuan Wang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher D. Whelan
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephanie H. Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christiane Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wolfers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jing Qin Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Clarissa L. Yasuda
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dario Zaremba
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Zuo Zhang
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Marcel P. Zwiers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Eric Artiges
- INSERM ERL Developmental Trajectories and Psychiatry; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, and CNRS 9010, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Amelia A. Assareh
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria–IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Duke UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christine L. Brandt
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gregory G. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sven Cichon
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | | | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michelle F. Dennis
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bruno Dietsche
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Colin P. Doherty
- Department of Neurology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Academic Unit of Neurology, TBSI, Dublin, Ireland
- Future Neuro, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ryan Espiritu
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Garijo
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yolanda Gil
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Penny A. Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Robert C. Green
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander N. Häusler
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Walter Heindel
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Beng-Choon Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wolfgang U. Hoffmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Holsboer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- HMNC Holding GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- University Medicine Greifswald, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - MiHyun Jang
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Core-Unit Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nathan A. Kimbrel
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Knut Kolskår
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HT, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Sanne Koops
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kelvin O. Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jurjen J. Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- GGNet Mental Health, Apeldoorn, Netherlands
| | - Daniel H. Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Mental Health Service 116d, Veterans Affairs San Francisco Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karen A. Mather
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Venkata S. Mattay
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Matthews
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Jaqueline Mayoral Van Son
- Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria–IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Sarah C. McEwen
- Pacific Brain Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
- John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Derek W. Morris
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bryon A. Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel S. O’Leary
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- INSERM ERL Developmental Trajectories and Psychiatry; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, and CNRS 9010, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- APHP.Sorbonne Université, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - G. Bruce Pike
- Radiology and Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Adrian Preda
- School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Erin B. Quinlan
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Paul E. Rasser
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Varun Ratnakar
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vidar M. Steen
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Paul A. Tooney
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Fábio R. Torres
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC/Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - James T. Voyvodic
- Duke UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hieab H. H. Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie Debette
- INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Charles Decarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Edith Hofer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lenore Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - W. T. Longstreth
- Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Oscar L. Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Institute UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas H. Mosley
- MIND Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Gennady V. Roshchupkin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study and Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marina K. M. Alvim
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - David Ames
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tim J. Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand-Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Neurology, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mark E. Bastin
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jean C. Beckham
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health, Durham, VA Healthcare System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Han G. Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics and School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Randy L. Buckner
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Juan R. Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Murray J. Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Vince Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vaughan J. Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Xavier Caseras
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gianpiero L. Cavalleri
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- The SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fernando Cendes
- BRAINN-Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, FCM, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria–IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocio, IBiS, Universidad De Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - John C. Dalrymple-Alford
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand-Rangahau Roro Aotearoa, Christchurch, New Zealand
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eco J. C. de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Norman Delanty
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Future Neuro, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chantal Depondt
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guillén Fernández
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Simon E. Fisher
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Forstner
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Clyde Francks
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - David C. Glahn
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
- Tommy Fuss Center for Neuropsychiatric Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Randy L. Gollub
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asta K. Håberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ahmad R. Hariri
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Catharina A. Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frans A. Henskens
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Health Behaviour Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Manon H. J. Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. Hoekstra
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Avram J. Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatry Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William D. Hopkins
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Terry L. Jernigan
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Center for Human Development, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erik G. Jönsson
- NORMENT-K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - René S. Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin A. Kennedy
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Tilo T. J. Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatry Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John B. J. Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neurogenetics and Epigenetics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Carmel M. Loughland
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter New England Mental Health Service, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- INSERM ERL Developmental Trajectories and Psychiatry; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, and CNRS 9010, Centre Borelli, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Katie L. McMahon
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Herston Imaging Research Facility, School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patricia T. Michie
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Rajendra A. Morey
- Duke UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center for Post Deployment Mental Health, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bryan Mowry
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Emma Children’s Hospital Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Clinical Neuropsychology section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Roel A. Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- NorthWestern Mental Health, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Tomas Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC/Vrije Universiteit and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tinca J. C. Polderman
- Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joshua L. Roffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura M. Rowland
- Maryland Psychiatry Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Ulrich Schall
- Priority Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- PONS Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapie, Charité Campus Mitte, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rodney J. Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Division of Molecular Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Kang Sim
- General Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sanjay M. Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, ChalfontSt-Peter, UK
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iris E. Sommer
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical and Biological Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Beate St Pourcain
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julian N. Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Dennis van ‘t Ent
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Weber
- Center for Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel R. Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Psychiatry, Neurology, Neuroscience, Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Margaret J. Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Juan Zhou
- Center for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason L. Stein
- Department of Genetics and UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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DiNicola LM, Braga RM, Buckner RL. Parallel distributed networks dissociate episodic and social functions within the individual. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:1144-1179. [PMID: 32049593 PMCID: PMC7099479 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00529.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Association cortex is organized into large-scale distributed networks. One such network, the default network (DN), is linked to diverse forms of internal mentation, opening debate about whether shared or distinct anatomy supports multiple forms of cognition. Using within-individual analysis procedures that preserve idiosyncratic anatomical details, we probed whether multiple tasks from two domains, episodic projection and theory of mind (ToM), rely on the same or distinct networks. In an initial experiment (6 subjects, each scanned 4 times), we found evidence that episodic projection and ToM tasks activate separate regions distributed throughout the cortex, with adjacent regions in parietal, temporal, prefrontal, and midline zones. These distinctions were predicted by the hypothesis that the DN comprises two parallel, interdigitated networks. One network, linked to parahippocampal cortex (PHC), is preferentially recruited during episodic projection, including both remembering and imagining the future. A second juxtaposed network, which includes the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), is differentially engaged during multiple forms of ToM. In two prospectively acquired independent experiments, we replicated and triplicated the dissociation (each with 6 subjects scanned 4 times). Furthermore, the dissociation was found in all zones when analyzed independently, including robustly in midline regions previously described as hubs. The TPJ-linked network is interwoven with the PHC-linked network across the cortex, making clear why it is difficult to fully resolve the two networks in group-averaged or lower-resolution data. These results refine our understanding of the functional-anatomical organization of association cortex and raise fundamental questions about how specialization might arise in parallel, juxtaposed association networks.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Two distributed, interdigitated networks exist within the bounds of the canonical default network. Here we used repeated scanning of individuals, across three independent samples, to provide evidence that tasks requiring episodic projection or theory of mind differentially recruit the two networks across multiple cortical zones. The two distributed networks thus appear to preferentially subserve distinct functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M DiNicola
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rodrigo M Braga
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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32
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DeCross SN, Farabaugh AH, Holmes AJ, Ward M, Boeke EA, Wolthusen RPF, Coombs G, Nyer M, Fava M, Buckner RL, Holt DJ. Increased amygdala-visual cortex connectivity in youth with persecutory ideation. Psychol Med 2020; 50:273-283. [PMID: 30744715 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718004221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical delusional ideas, including persecutory beliefs, in otherwise healthy individuals are heritable symptoms associated with increased risk for psychotic illness, possibly representing an expression of one end of a continuum of psychosis severity. The identification of variation in brain function associated with these symptoms may provide insights about the neurobiology of delusions in clinical psychosis. METHODS A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan was collected from 131 young adults with a wide range of severity of subclinical delusional beliefs, including persecutory ideas. Because of evidence for a key role of the amygdala in fear and paranoia, resting-state functional connectivity of the amygdala was measured. RESULTS Connectivity between the amygdala and early visual cortical areas, including striate cortex (V1), was found to be significantly greater in participants with high (n = 43) v. low (n = 44) numbers of delusional beliefs, particularly in those who showed persistence of those beliefs. Similarly, across the full sample, the number of and distress associated with delusional beliefs were positively correlated with the strength of amygdala-visual cortex connectivity. Moreover, further analyses revealed that these effects were driven by those who endorsed persecutory beliefs. CONCLUSIONS These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that aberrant assignments of threat to sensory stimuli may lead to the downstream development of delusional ideas. Taken together with prior findings of disrupted sensory-limbic coupling in psychosis, these results suggest that altered amygdala-visual cortex connectivity could represent a marker of psychosis-related pathophysiology across a continuum of symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N DeCross
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amy H Farabaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Avram J Holmes
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maeve Ward
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily A Boeke
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rick P F Wolthusen
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Psychological & Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Garth Coombs
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maren Nyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daphne J Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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33
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Satizabal CL, Adams HHH, Hibar DP, White CC, Knol MJ, Stein JL, Scholz M, Sargurupremraj M, Jahanshad N, Roshchupkin GV, Smith AV, Bis JC, Jian X, Luciano M, Hofer E, Teumer A, van der Lee SJ, Yang J, Yanek LR, Lee TV, Li S, Hu Y, Koh JY, Eicher JD, Desrivières S, Arias-Vasquez A, Chauhan G, Athanasiu L, Rentería ME, Kim S, Hoehn D, Armstrong NJ, Chen Q, Holmes AJ, den Braber A, Kloszewska I, Andersson M, Espeseth T, Grimm O, Abramovic L, Alhusaini S, Milaneschi Y, Papmeyer M, Axelsson T, Ehrlich S, Roiz-Santiañez R, Kraemer B, Håberg AK, Jones HJ, Pike GB, Stein DJ, Stevens A, Bralten J, Vernooij MW, Harris TB, Filippi I, Witte AV, Guadalupe T, Wittfeld K, Mosley TH, Becker JT, Doan NT, Hagenaars SP, Saba Y, Cuellar-Partida G, Amin N, Hilal S, Nho K, Mirza-Schreiber N, Arfanakis K, Becker DM, Ames D, Goldman AL, Lee PH, Boomsma DI, Lovestone S, Giddaluru S, Le Hellard S, Mattheisen M, Bohlken MM, Kasperaviciute D, Schmaal L, Lawrie SM, Agartz I, Walton E, Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Davies GE, Shin J, Ipser JC, Vinke LN, Hoogman M, Jia T, Burkhardt R, Klein M, Crivello F, Janowitz D, Carmichael O, Haukvik UK, Aribisala BS, Schmidt H, Strike LT, Cheng CY, Risacher SL, Pütz B, Fleischman DA, Assareh AA, Mattay VS, Buckner RL, Mecocci P, Dale AM, Cichon S, Boks MP, Matarin M, Penninx BWJH, Calhoun VD, Chakravarty MM, Marquand AF, Macare C, Kharabian Masouleh S, Oosterlaan J, Amouyel P, Hegenscheid K, Rotter JI, Schork AJ, Liewald DCM, de Zubicaray GI, Wong TY, Shen L, Sämann PG, Brodaty H, Roffman JL, de Geus EJC, Tsolaki M, Erk S, van Eijk KR, Cavalleri GL, van der Wee NJA, McIntosh AM, Gollub RL, Bulayeva KB, Bernard M, Richards JS, Himali JJ, Loeffler M, Rommelse N, Hoffmann W, Westlye LT, Valdés Hernández MC, Hansell NK, van Erp TGM, Wolf C, Kwok JBJ, Vellas B, Heinz A, Olde Loohuis LM, Delanty N, Ho BC, Ching CRK, Shumskaya E, Singh B, Hofman A, van der Meer D, Homuth G, Psaty BM, Bastin ME, Montgomery GW, Foroud TM, Reppermund S, Hottenga JJ, Simmons A, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Cahn W, Whelan CD, van Donkelaar MMJ, Yang Q, Hosten N, Green RC, Thalamuthu A, Mohnke S, Hulshoff Pol HE, Lin H, Jack CR, Schofield PR, Mühleisen TW, Maillard P, Potkin SG, Wen W, Fletcher E, Toga AW, Gruber O, Huentelman M, Davey Smith G, Launer LJ, Nyberg L, Jönsson EG, Crespo-Facorro B, Koen N, Greve DN, Uitterlinden AG, Weinberger DR, Steen VM, Fedko IO, Groenewold NA, Niessen WJ, Toro R, Tzourio C, Longstreth WT, Ikram MK, Smoller JW, van Tol MJ, Sussmann JE, Paus T, Lemaître H, Schroeter ML, Mazoyer B, Andreassen OA, Holsboer F, Depondt C, Veltman DJ, Turner JA, Pausova Z, Schumann G, van Rooij D, Djurovic S, Deary IJ, McMahon KL, Müller-Myhsok B, Brouwer RM, Soininen H, Pandolfo M, Wassink TH, Cheung JW, Wolfers T, Martinot JL, Zwiers MP, Nauck M, Melle I, Martin NG, Kanai R, Westman E, Kahn RS, Sisodiya SM, White T, Saremi A, van Bokhoven H, Brunner HG, Völzke H, Wright MJ, van 't Ent D, Nöthen MM, Ophoff RA, Buitelaar JK, Fernández G, Sachdev PS, Rietschel M, van Haren NEM, Fisher SE, Beiser AS, Francks C, Saykin AJ, Mather KA, Romanczuk-Seiferth N, Hartman CA, DeStefano AL, Heslenfeld DJ, Weiner MW, Walter H, Hoekstra PJ, Nyquist PA, Franke B, Bennett DA, Grabe HJ, Johnson AD, Chen C, van Duijn CM, Lopez OL, Fornage M, Wardlaw JM, Schmidt R, DeCarli C, De Jager PL, Villringer A, Debette S, Gudnason V, Medland SE, Shulman JM, Thompson PM, Seshadri S, Ikram MA. Genetic architecture of subcortical brain structures in 38,851 individuals. Nat Genet 2019; 51:1624-1636. [PMID: 31636452 PMCID: PMC7055269 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Subcortical brain structures are integral to motion, consciousness, emotions and learning. We identified common genetic variation related to the volumes of the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, brainstem, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen and thalamus, using genome-wide association analyses in almost 40,000 individuals from CHARGE, ENIGMA and UK Biobank. We show that variability in subcortical volumes is heritable, and identify 48 significantly associated loci (40 novel at the time of analysis). Annotation of these loci by utilizing gene expression, methylation and neuropathological data identified 199 genes putatively implicated in neurodevelopment, synaptic signaling, axonal transport, apoptosis, inflammation/infection and susceptibility to neurological disorders. This set of genes is significantly enriched for Drosophila orthologs associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes, suggesting evolutionarily conserved mechanisms. Our findings uncover novel biology and potential drug targets underlying brain development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia L Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Derrek P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charles C White
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria J Knol
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jason L Stein
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE: The Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Muralidharan Sargurupremraj
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gennady V Roshchupkin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xueqiu Jian
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Edith Hofer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tom V Lee
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jia Yu Koh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John D Eicher
- Division of Intramural Research, Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ganesh Chauhan
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Lavinia Athanasiu
- CoE NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- CoE NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Miguel E Rentería
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David Hoehn
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicola J Armstrong
- Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Qiang Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Avram J Holmes
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anouk den Braber
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Micael Andersson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- CoE NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oliver Grimm
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lucija Abramovic
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saud Alhusaini
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martina Papmeyer
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Systems Neuroscience of Psychopathology, Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Axelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Roberto Roiz-Santiañez
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - Bernd Kraemer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Asta K Håberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Radiology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hannah J Jones
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - G Bruce Pike
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Allison Stevens
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irina Filippi
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 'Neuroimaging and Psychiatry', Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University-DIGITEO Labs, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - A Veronica Witte
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, CRC 1052 'Obesity Mechanisms', University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tulio Guadalupe
- International Max Planck Research School for Language Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - James T Becker
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- CoE NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Saskia P Hagenaars
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yasaman Saba
- Research Unit-Genetic Epidemiology, Gottfried Schatz Research Centre for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saima Hilal
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Center, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nazanin Mirza-Schreiber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Arfanakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Diane M Becker
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Ames
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Phil H Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Lexington, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Dementia Biomedical Research Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sudheer Giddaluru
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Centre for integrated Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marc M Bohlken
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dalia Kasperaviciute
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Bucks, UK
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- CoE NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Research and Development, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Esther Walton
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Jean Shin
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan C Ipser
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Louis N Vinke
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tianye Jia
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- LIFE: The Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- Neurodegeneratives Diseases Institute, CNRS UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Unn K Haukvik
- CoE NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benjamin S Aribisala
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Computer Science, Lagos State University, Ojo, Nigeria
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Research Unit-Genetic Epidemiology, Gottfried Schatz Research Centre for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lachlan T Strike
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Benno Pütz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Debra A Fleischman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amelia A Assareh
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Venkata S Mattay
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California. San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sven Cichon
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine: Structural and Functional Organisation of the Brain (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marco P Boks
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mar Matarin
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- The Mind Research Network and LBERI, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andre F Marquand
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christine Macare
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shahrzad Kharabian Masouleh
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine: Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- LabEx DISTALZ-U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm U1167, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Katrin Hegenscheid
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Schork
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Roskilde, Denmark
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - David C M Liewald
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Greig I de Zubicaray
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Academic Medicine Research Institute, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joshua L Roffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Susanne Erk
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, D, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berliepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristel R van Eijk
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Human Neurogenetics Unit, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gianpiero L Cavalleri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Randy L Gollub
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kazima B Bulayeva
- Department of Evolution and Genetics, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
| | - Manon Bernard
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Richards
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jayandra J Himali
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE: The Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nanda Rommelse
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Greifswald, Germany
- Section Epidemiology of Health Care and Community Health, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lars T Westlye
- CoE NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- CoE NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria C Valdés Hernández
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Narelle K Hansell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christiane Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - John B J Kwok
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Department of Internal Medicine, INSERM U 1027, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, INSERM U 1027, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Loes M Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Norman Delanty
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Neurology Division, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Beng-Choon Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Baljeet Singh
- Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- CoE NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- CoE NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanent Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew Simmons
- Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher D Whelan
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marjolein M J van Donkelaar
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert C Green
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sebastian Mohnke
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, D, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berliepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Honghuang Lin
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine: Structural and Functional Organisation of the Brain (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pauline Maillard
- Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Steven G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Evan Fletcher
- Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthew Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- CoE NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - Nastassja Koen
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Douglas N Greve
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Iryna O Fedko
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wiro J Niessen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Imaging Physics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - William T Longstreth
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Kamran Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-Jose van Tol
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jessika E Sussmann
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tomas Paus
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hervé Lemaître
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 'Neuroimaging and Psychiatry', Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University-DIGITEO Labs, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Matthias L Schroeter
- LIFE: The Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- Neurodegeneratives Diseases Institute, CNRS UMR 5293, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- CoE NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- CoE NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Florian Holsboer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- HMNC Brain Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Chantal Depondt
- Department of Neurology, Hopital Erasme, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica A Turner
- The Mind Research Network and LBERI, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gunter Schumann
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katie L McMahon
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rachel M Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Neurocentre Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Massimo Pandolfo
- Department of Neurology, Hopital Erasme, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas H Wassink
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joshua W Cheung
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Wolfers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 'Neuroimaging and Psychiatry', Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University-DIGITEO Labs, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Marcel P Zwiers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (partner site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ingrid Melle
- CoE NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- CoE NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryota Kanai
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Araya, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Eric Westman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - René S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Bucks, UK
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arvin Saremi
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Han G Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (partner site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dennis van 't Ent
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Guillén Fernández
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clyde Francks
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nina Romanczuk-Seiferth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anita L DeStefano
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dirk J Heslenfeld
- Department of Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Disease, San Francisco VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Henrik Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, D, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berliepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul A Nyquist
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- Division of Intramural Research, Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Center, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, CRC 1052 'Obesity Mechanisms', University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joshua M Shulman
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Abstract
Networks of widely distributed regions populate human association cortex. One network, often called the default network, is positioned at the apex of a gradient of sequential networks that radiate outward from primary cortex. Here, extensive anatomical data made available through the Marmoset Brain Architecture Project are explored to show a homologue exists in marmoset. Results reveal that a gradient of networks extend outward from primary cortex to progressively higher-order transmodal association cortex in both frontal and temporal cortex. The apex transmodal network comprises frontopolar and rostral temporal association cortex, parahippocampal areas TH / TF, the ventral posterior midline, and lateral parietal association cortex. The positioning of this network in the gradient and its composition of areas make it a candidate homologue to the human default network. That the marmoset, a physiologically- and genetically-accessible primate, might possess a default-network-like candidate creates opportunities for study of higher cognitive and social functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Daniel S Margulies
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, 75013, France
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Yu D, Sul JH, Tsetsos F, Nawaz MS, Huang AY, Zelaya I, Illmann C, Osiecki L, Darrow SM, Hirschtritt ME, Greenberg E, Muller-Vahl KR, Stuhrmann M, Dion Y, Rouleau G, Aschauer H, Stamenkovic M, Schlögelhofer M, Sandor P, Barr CL, Grados M, Singer HS, Nöthen MM, Hebebrand J, Hinney A, King RA, Fernandez TV, Barta C, Tarnok Z, Nagy P, Depienne C, Worbe Y, Hartmann A, Budman CL, Rizzo R, Lyon GJ, McMahon WM, Batterson JR, Cath DC, Malaty IA, Okun MS, Berlin C, Woods DW, Lee PC, Jankovic J, Robertson MM, Gilbert DL, Brown LW, Coffey BJ, Dietrich A, Hoekstra PJ, Kuperman S, Zinner SH, Luðvigsson P, Sæmundsen E, Thorarensen Ó, Atzmon G, Barzilai N, Wagner M, Moessner R, Ophoff R, Pato CN, Pato MT, Knowles JA, Roffman JL, Smoller JW, Buckner RL, Willsey JA, Tischfield JA, Heiman GA, Stefansson H, Stefansson K, Posthuma D, Cox NJ, Pauls DL, Freimer NB, Neale BM, Davis LK, Paschou P, Coppola G, Mathews CA, Scharf JM. Interrogating the Genetic Determinants of Tourette's Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders Through Genome-Wide Association Studies. Am J Psychiatry 2019; 176:217-227. [PMID: 30818990 PMCID: PMC6677250 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18070857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tourette's syndrome is polygenic and highly heritable. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches are useful for interrogating the genetic architecture and determinants of Tourette's syndrome and other tic disorders. The authors conducted a GWAS meta-analysis and probed aggregated Tourette's syndrome polygenic risk to test whether Tourette's and related tic disorders have an underlying shared genetic etiology and whether Tourette's polygenic risk scores correlate with worst-ever tic severity and may represent a potential predictor of disease severity. METHODS GWAS meta-analysis, gene-based association, and genetic enrichment analyses were conducted in 4,819 Tourette's syndrome case subjects and 9,488 control subjects. Replication of top loci was conducted in an independent population-based sample (706 case subjects, 6,068 control subjects). Relationships between Tourette's polygenic risk scores (PRSs), other tic disorders, ascertainment, and tic severity were examined. RESULTS GWAS and gene-based analyses identified one genome-wide significant locus within FLT3 on chromosome 13, rs2504235, although this association was not replicated in the population-based sample. Genetic variants spanning evolutionarily conserved regions significantly explained 92.4% of Tourette's syndrome heritability. Tourette's-associated genes were significantly preferentially expressed in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Tourette's PRS significantly predicted both Tourette's syndrome and tic spectrum disorders status in the population-based sample. Tourette's PRS also significantly correlated with worst-ever tic severity and was higher in case subjects with a family history of tics than in simplex case subjects. CONCLUSIONS Modulation of gene expression through noncoding variants, particularly within cortico-striatal circuits, is implicated as a fundamental mechanism in Tourette's syndrome pathogenesis. At a genetic level, tic disorders represent a continuous spectrum of disease, supporting the unification of Tourette's syndrome and other tic disorders in future diagnostic schemata. Tourette's PRSs derived from sufficiently large samples may be useful in the future for predicting conversion of transient tics to chronic tic disorders, as well as tic persistence and lifetime tic severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Yu
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center
for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of
MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jae Hoon Sul
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David
Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles,
California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences,
University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fotis Tsetsos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus
University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West
Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Alden Y. Huang
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David
Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles,
California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences,
University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ivette Zelaya
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David
Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles,
California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences,
University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of
California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cornelia Illmann
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center
for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa Osiecki
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center
for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sabrina M. Darrow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San
Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Matthew E. Hirschtritt
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for
Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California,
USA
| | - Erica Greenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kirsten R. Muller-Vahl
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and
Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manfred Stuhrmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School,
Hannover, Germany
| | - Yves Dion
- McGill University Health Center (MUHC), University of
Montréal, Centre Universitaire de Santé de Montréal (CHUM),
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guy Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology
and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Harald Aschauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical
University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Biopsychosocial Corporation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mara Stamenkovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical
University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Paul Sandor
- University Health Network and Youthdale Treatment Centres
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cathy L. Barr
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network,
Hospital for Sick Children, and The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,
Canada
| | - Marco Grados
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore,
Maryland, USA
| | - Harvey S. Singer
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore,
Maryland, USA
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn,
University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,
Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of
Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,
Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of
Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert A. King
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas V. Fernandez
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of
Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Csaba Barta
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and
Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsanett Tarnok
- Vadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital,
Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Nagy
- Vadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital,
Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christel Depienne
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen,
University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris
06, UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Yulia Worbe
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris
06, UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France
- French Reference Centre for Gilles de la Tourette
Syndrome, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris,
France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department
of Neurology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris,
France
| | - Andreas Hartmann
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris
06, UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France
- French Reference Centre for Gilles de la Tourette
Syndrome, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris,
France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department
of Neurology, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris,
France
| | - Cathy L. Budman
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell,
Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Renata Rizzo
- Neuropsichiatria Infantile. Dipartimento di Medicina
Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gholson J. Lyon
- Stanley Institute for Cognitive Genomics, Cold Spring
Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Danielle C. Cath
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center
Groningen & Rijksuniversity Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Drenthe Mental Health Center, Groningen, the
Netherlands
| | - Irene A. Malaty
- Department of Neurology, Fixel Center for Neurological
Diseases, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida,
USA
| | - Michael S. Okun
- Department of Neurology, Fixel Center for Neurological
Diseases, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida,
USA
| | - Cheston Berlin
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine,
Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas W. Woods
- Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,
USA
| | - Paul C. Lee
- Tripler Army Medical Center, University of Hawai’i
John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson’s Disease Center and Movement Disorders
Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,
USA
| | - Mary M. Robertson
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Neuropsychiatry,
University College London, London, UK
| | - Donald L. Gilbert
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s
Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lawrence W. Brown
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Barbara J. Coffey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center
Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City,
Iowa, USA
| | - Samuel H Zinner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Pétur Luðvigsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Landspitalinn University
Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Evald Sæmundsen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland,
Reykjavík, Iceland
- The State Diagnostic and Counselling Centre,
Kópavogur, Iceland
| | - Ólafur Thorarensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Landspitalinn University
Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Human Biology, Haifa University, Haifa,
Israel
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of
Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of
Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainald Moessner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of
Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Roel Ophoff
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David
Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles,
California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joshua L. Roffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research,
Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts,
USA
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center
for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of
Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Randy L. Buckner
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research,
Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts,
USA
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeremy A. Willsey
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for
Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California,
USA
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCSF Weill
Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco,
California, USA
| | - Jay A. Tischfield
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute
of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey,
USA
| | - Gary A. Heiman
- Department of Genetics and the Human Genetics Institute
of New Jersey, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey,
USA
| | | | - Kári Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland,
Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics Center for
Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the
Netherlands
| | - Nancy J. Cox
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics
Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David L. Pauls
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center
for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nelson B. Freimer
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David
Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles,
California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences,
University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Neale
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center
for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of
MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of
Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lea K. Davis
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics
Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peristera Paschou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West
Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David
Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles,
California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences,
University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carol A. Mathews
- Department of Psychiatry, Genetics Institute, University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jeremiah M. Scharf
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center
for Genomic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of
MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Rabin JS, Perea RD, Buckley RF, Neal TE, Buckner RL, Johnson KA, Sperling RA, Hedden T. Global White Matter Diffusion Characteristics Predict Longitudinal Cognitive Change Independently of Amyloid Status in Clinically Normal Older Adults. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:1251-1262. [PMID: 29425267 PMCID: PMC6499008 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
White matter degradation has been proposed as one possible explanation for age-related cognitive decline. In the present study, we examined 2 main questions: 1) Do diffusion characteristics predict longitudinal change in cognition independently or synergistically with amyloid status? 2) Are the effects of diffusion characteristics on longitudinal cognitive change tract-specific or global in nature? Cognitive domains of executive function, episodic memory, and processing speed were measured annually (mean follow-up = 3.93 ± 1.25 years). Diffusion tensor imaging and Pittsburgh Compound-B positron emission tomography were performed at baseline in 265 clinically normal older adults (aged 63-90). Tract-specific diffusion was measured as the mean fractional anisotropy (FA) for 9 major white matter tracts. Global diffusion was measured as the mean FA across the 9 white matter tracts. Linear mixed models demonstrated independent, rather than synergistic, effects of global FA and amyloid status on cognitive decline. After controlling for amyloid status, lower global FA was associated with worse longitudinal performance in episodic memory and processing speed, but not executive function. After accounting for global FA, none of the individual tracts predicted a significant change in cognitive performance. These findings suggest that global, rather than tract-specific, diffusion characteristics predict longitudinal cognitive decline independently of amyloid status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Rabin
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rodrigo D Perea
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel F Buckley
- Florey Institutes of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne and Melbourne School of Psychological Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taylor E Neal
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Trey Hedden
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Braga RM, Van Dijk KRA, Polimeni JR, Eldaief MC, Buckner RL. Parallel distributed networks resolved at high resolution reveal close juxtaposition of distinct regions. J Neurophysiol 2019; 121:1513-1534. [PMID: 30785825 PMCID: PMC6485740 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00808.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Examination of large-scale distributed networks within the individual reveals details of cortical network organization that are absent in group-averaged studies. One recent discovery is that a distributed transmodal network, often referred to as the “default network,” comprises two closely interdigitated networks, only one of which is coupled to posterior parahippocampal cortex. Not all studies of individuals have identified the same networks, and questions remain about the degree to which the two networks are separate, particularly within regions hypothesized to be interconnected hubs. In this study we replicate the observation of network separation across analytical (seed-based connectivity and parcellation) and data projection (volume and surface) methods in two individuals each scanned 31 times. Additionally, three individuals were examined with high-resolution (7T; 1.35 mm) functional magnetic resonance imaging to gain further insight into the anatomical details. The two networks were identified with separate regions localized to adjacent portions of the cortical ribbon, sometimes inside the same sulcus. Midline regions previously implicated as hubs revealed near complete spatial separation of the two networks, displaying a complex spatial topography in the posterior cingulate and precuneus. The network coupled to parahippocampal cortex also revealed a separate region directly within the hippocampus, at or near the subiculum. These collective results support that the default network is composed of at least two spatially juxtaposed networks. Fine spatial details and juxtapositions of the two networks can be identified within individuals at high resolution, providing insight into the network organization of association cortex and placing further constraints on interpretation of group-averaged neuroimaging data. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Recent evidence has emerged that canonical large-scale networks such as the “default network” fractionate into parallel distributed networks when defined within individuals. This research uses high-resolution imaging to show that the networks possess juxtapositions sometimes evident inside the same sulcus and within regions that have been previously hypothesized to be network hubs. Distinct circumscribed regions of one network were also resolved in the hippocampal formation, at or near the parahippocampal cortex and subiculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M Braga
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts.,The Computational, Cognitive & Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Koene R A Van Dijk
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan R Polimeni
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mark C Eldaief
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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38
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Harms MP, Somerville LH, Ances BM, Andersson J, Barch DM, Bastiani M, Bookheimer SY, Brown TB, Buckner RL, Burgess GC, Coalson TS, Chappell MA, Dapretto M, Douaud G, Fischl B, Glasser MF, Greve DN, Hodge C, Jamison KW, Jbabdi S, Kandala S, Li X, Mair RW, Mangia S, Marcus D, Mascali D, Moeller S, Nichols TE, Robinson EC, Salat DH, Smith SM, Sotiropoulos SN, Terpstra M, Thomas KM, Tisdall MD, Ugurbil K, van der Kouwe A, Woods RP, Zöllei L, Van Essen DC, Yacoub E. Extending the Human Connectome Project across ages: Imaging protocols for the Lifespan Development and Aging projects. Neuroimage 2018; 183:972-984. [PMID: 30261308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human Connectome Projects in Development (HCP-D) and Aging (HCP-A) are two large-scale brain imaging studies that will extend the recently completed HCP Young-Adult (HCP-YA) project to nearly the full lifespan, collecting structural, resting-state fMRI, task-fMRI, diffusion, and perfusion MRI in participants from 5 to 100+ years of age. HCP-D is enrolling 1300+ healthy children, adolescents, and young adults (ages 5-21), and HCP-A is enrolling 1200+ healthy adults (ages 36-100+), with each study collecting longitudinal data in a subset of individuals at particular age ranges. The imaging protocols of the HCP-D and HCP-A studies are very similar, differing primarily in the selection of different task-fMRI paradigms. We strove to harmonize the imaging protocol to the greatest extent feasible with the completed HCP-YA (1200+ participants, aged 22-35), but some imaging-related changes were motivated or necessitated by hardware changes, the need to reduce the total amount of scanning per participant, and/or the additional challenges of working with young and elderly populations. Here, we provide an overview of the common HCP-D/A imaging protocol including data and rationales for protocol decisions and changes relative to HCP-YA. The result will be a large, rich, multi-modal, and freely available set of consistently acquired data for use by the scientific community to investigate and define normative developmental and aging related changes in the healthy human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Leah H Somerville
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Beau M Ances
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jesper Andersson
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matteo Bastiani
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan Y Bookheimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy B Brown
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory C Burgess
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy S Coalson
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael A Chappell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mirella Dapretto
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gwenaëlle Douaud
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew F Glasser
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; St. Luke's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Douglas N Greve
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia Hodge
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Keith W Jamison
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saad Jbabdi
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sridhar Kandala
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiufeng Li
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ross W Mair
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Silvia Mangia
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Marcus
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniele Mascali
- Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Rome, Italy
| | - Steen Moeller
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Emma C Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David H Salat
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stamatios N Sotiropoulos
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Melissa Terpstra
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kathleen M Thomas
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M Dylan Tisdall
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kamil Ugurbil
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andre van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roger P Woods
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lilla Zöllei
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Van Essen
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Somerville LH, Bookheimer SY, Buckner RL, Burgess GC, Curtiss SW, Dapretto M, Elam JS, Gaffrey MS, Harms MP, Hodge C, Kandala S, Kastman EK, Nichols TE, Schlaggar BL, Smith SM, Thomas KM, Yacoub E, Van Essen DC, Barch DM. The Lifespan Human Connectome Project in Development: A large-scale study of brain connectivity development in 5-21 year olds. Neuroimage 2018; 183:456-468. [PMID: 30142446 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent technological and analytical progress in brain imaging has enabled the examination of brain organization and connectivity at unprecedented levels of detail. The Human Connectome Project in Development (HCP-D) is exploiting these tools to chart developmental changes in brain connectivity. When complete, the HCP-D will comprise approximately ∼1750 open access datasets from 1300 + healthy human participants, ages 5-21 years, acquired at four sites across the USA. The participants are from diverse geographical, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds. While most participants are tested once, others take part in a three-wave longitudinal component focused on the pubertal period (ages 9-17 years). Brain imaging sessions are acquired on a 3 T Siemens Prisma platform and include structural, functional (resting state and task-based), diffusion, and perfusion imaging, physiological monitoring, and a battery of cognitive tasks and self-reports. For minors, parents additionally complete a battery of instruments to characterize cognitive and emotional development, and environmental variables relevant to development. Participants provide biological samples of blood, saliva, and hair, enabling assays of pubertal hormones, health markers, and banked DNA samples. This paper outlines the overarching aims of the project, the approach taken to acquire maximally informative data while minimizing participant burden, preliminary analyses, and discussion of the intended uses and limitations of the dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah H Somerville
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Susan Y Bookheimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory C Burgess
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sandra W Curtiss
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mirella Dapretto
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Stine Elam
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael S Gaffrey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael P Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cynthia Hodge
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sridhar Kandala
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erik K Kastman
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bradley L Schlaggar
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathleen M Thomas
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David C Van Essen
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Martin-Brevet S, Rodríguez-Herreros B, Nielsen JA, Moreau C, Modenato C, Maillard AM, Pain A, Richetin S, Jønch AE, Qureshi AY, Zürcher NR, Conus P, Chung WK, Sherr EH, Spiro JE, Kherif F, Beckmann JS, Hadjikhani N, Reymond A, Buckner RL, Draganski B, Jacquemont S, Arveiler B, Baujat G, Sloan-Béna F, Belfiore M, Bonneau D, Bouquillon S, Boute O, Brusco A, Busa T, Caberg JH, Campion D, Colombert V, Cordier MP, David A, Debray FG, Delrue MA, Doco-Fenzy M, Dunkhase-Heinl U, Edery P, Fagerberg C, Faivre L, Forzano F, Genevieve D, Gérard M, Giachino D, Guichet A, Guillin O, Héron D, Isidor B, Jacquette A, Jaillard S, Journel H, Keren B, Lacombe D, Lebon S, Le Caignec C, Lemaître MP, Lespinasse J, Mathieu-Dramart M, Mercier S, Mignot C, Missirian C, Petit F, Pilekær Sørensen K, Pinson L, Plessis G, Prieur F, Rooryck-Thambo C, Rossi M, Sanlaville D, Schlott Kristiansen B, Schluth-Bolard C, Till M, Van Haelst M, Van Maldergem L, Alupay H, Aaronson B, Ackerman S, Ankenman K, Anwar A, Atwell C, Bowe A, Beaudet AL, Benedetti M, Berg J, Berman J, Berry LN, Bibb AL, Blaskey L, Brennan J, Brewton CM, Buckner R, Bukshpun P, Burko J, Cali P, Cerban B, Chang Y, Cheong M, Chow V, Chu Z, Chudnovskaya D, Cornew L, Dale C, Dell J, Dempsey AG, Deschamps T, Earl R, Edgar J, Elgin J, Olson JE, Evans YL, Findlay A, Fischbach GD, Fisk C, Fregeau B, Gaetz B, Gaetz L, Garza S, Gerdts J, Glenn O, Gobuty SE, Golembski R, Greenup M, Heiken K, Hines K, Hinkley L, Jackson FI, Jenkins J, Jeremy RJ, Johnson K, Kanne SM, Kessler S, Khan SY, Ku M, Kuschner E, Laakman AL, Lam P, Lasala MW, Lee H, LaGuerre K, Levy S, Cavanagh AL, Llorens AV, Campe KL, Luks TL, Marco EJ, Martin S, Martin AJ, Marzano G, Masson C, McGovern KE, McNally Keehn R, Miller DT, Miller FK, Moss TJ, Murray R, Nagarajan SS, Nowell KP, Owen J, Paal AM, Packer A, Page PZ, Paul BM, Peters A, Peterson D, Poduri A, Pojman NJ, Porche K, Proud MB, Qasmieh S, Ramocki MB, Reilly B, Roberts TP, Shaw D, Sinha T, Smith-Packard B, Gallagher AS, Swarnakar V, Thieu T, Triantafallou C, Vaughan R, Wakahiro M, Wallace A, Ward T, Wenegrat J, Wolken A. Quantifying the Effects of 16p11.2 Copy Number Variants on Brain Structure: A Multisite Genetic-First Study. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:253-264. [PMID: 29778275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 16p11.2 breakpoint 4 to 5 copy number variants (CNVs) increase the risk for developing autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and language and cognitive impairment. In this multisite study, we aimed to quantify the effect of 16p11.2 CNVs on brain structure. METHODS Using voxel- and surface-based brain morphometric methods, we analyzed structural magnetic resonance imaging collected at seven sites from 78 individuals with a deletion, 71 individuals with a duplication, and 212 individuals without a CNV. RESULTS Beyond the 16p11.2-related mirror effect on global brain morphometry, we observe regional mirror differences in the insula (deletion > control > duplication). Other regions are preferentially affected by either the deletion or the duplication: the calcarine cortex and transverse temporal gyrus (deletion > control; Cohen's d > 1), the superior and middle temporal gyri (deletion < control; Cohen's d < -1), and the caudate and hippocampus (control > duplication; -0.5 > Cohen's d > -1). Measures of cognition, language, and social responsiveness and the presence of psychiatric diagnoses do not influence these results. CONCLUSIONS The global and regional effects on brain morphometry due to 16p11.2 CNVs generalize across site, computational method, age, and sex. Effect sizes on neuroimaging and cognitive traits are comparable. Findings partially overlap with results of meta-analyses performed across psychiatric disorders. However, the lack of correlation between morphometric and clinical measures suggests that CNV-associated brain changes contribute to clinical manifestations but require additional factors for the development of the disorder. These findings highlight the power of genetic risk factors as a complement to studying groups defined by behavioral criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martin-Brevet
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie, Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Borja Rodríguez-Herreros
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jared A Nielsen
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clara Moreau
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claudia Modenato
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie, Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne M Maillard
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre Cantonal Autisme, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Pain
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre Cantonal Autisme, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Richetin
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aia E Jønch
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abid Y Qureshi
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Nicole R Zürcher
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philippe Conus
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Wendy K Chung
- Simons Foundation, New York, New York; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Elliott H Sherr
- Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Ferath Kherif
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie, Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques S Beckmann
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nouchine Hadjikhani
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie, Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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Ni G, Moser G, Wray NR, Lee SH, Ripke S, Neale BM, Corvin A, Walters JT, Farh KH, Holmans PA, Lee P, Bulik-Sullivan B, Collier DA, Huang H, Pers TH, Agartz I, Agerbo E, Albus M, Alexander M, Amin F, Bacanu SA, Begemann M, Belliveau RA, Bene J, Bergen SE, Bevilacqua E, Bigdeli TB, Black DW, Bruggeman R, Buccola NG, Buckner RL, Byerley W, Cahn W, Cai G, Campion D, Cantor RM, Carr VJ, Carrera N, Catts SV, Chambert KD, Chan RC, Chen RY, Chen EY, Cheng W, Cheung EF, Chong SA, Cloninger CR, Cohen D, Cohen N, Cormican P, Craddock N, Crowley JJ, Curtis D, Davidson M, Davis KL, Degenhardt F, Del Favero J, Demontis D, Dikeos D, Dinan T, Djurovic S, Donohoe G, Drapeau E, Duan J, Dudbridge F, Durmishi N, Eichhammer P, Eriksson J, Escott-Price V, Essioux L, Fanous AH, Farrell MS, Frank J, Franke L, Freedman R, Freimer NB, Friedl M, Friedman JI, Fromer M, Genovese G, Georgieva L, Giegling I, Giusti-Rodríguez P, Godard S, Goldstein JI, Golimbet V, Gopal S, Gratten J, de Haan L, Hammer C, Hamshere ML, Hansen M, Hansen T, Haroutunian V, Hartmann AM, Henskens FA, Herms S, Hirschhorn JN, Hoffmann P, Hofman A, Hollegaard MV, Hougaard DM, Ikeda M, Joa I, Juliá A, Kahn RS, Kalaydjieva L, Karachanak-Yankova S, Karjalainen J, Kavanagh D, Keller MC, Kennedy JL, Khrunin A, Kim Y, Klovins J, Knowles JA, Konte B, Kucinskas V, Kucinskiene ZA, Kuzelova-Ptackova H, Kähler AK, Laurent C, Keong JLC, Legge SE, Lerer B, Li M, Li T, Liang KY, Lieberman J, Limborska S, Loughland CM, Lubinski J, Lönnqvist J, Macek M, Magnusson PK, Maher BS, Maier W, Mallet J, Marsal S, Mattheisen M, Mattingsda M, McCarley RW, McDonald C, McIntosh AM, Meier S, Meijer CJ, Melegh B, Melle I, Mesholam-Gately RI, Metspalu A, Michie PT, Milani L, Milanova V, Mokrab Y, Morris DW, Mors O, Murphy KC, Murray RM, Myin-Germeys I, Müller-Myhsok B, Nelis M, Nenadic I, Nertney DA, Nestadt G, Nicodemus KK, Nikitina-Zake L, Nisenbaum L, Nordin A, O’Callaghan E, O’Dushlaine C, O’Neill FA, Oh SY, Olinc A, Olsen L, Van Os J, Pantelis C, Papadimitriou GN, Papio S, Parkhomenko E, Pato MT, Paunio T, Pejovic-Milovancevic M, Perkins DO, Pietiläinenl O, Pimm J, Pocklington AJ, Powell J, Price A, Pulver AE, Purcell SM, Quested D, Rasmussen HB, Reichenberg A, Reimers MA, Richards AL, Roffman JL, Roussos P, Ruderfer DM, Salomaa V, Sanders AR, Schall U, Schubert CR, Schulze TG, Schwab SG, Scolnick EM, Scott RJ, Seidman LJ, Shi J, Sigurdsson E, Silagadze T, Silverman JM, Sim K, Slominsky P, Smoller JW, So HC, Spencer CC, Stah EA, Stefansson H, Steinberg S, Stogmann E, Straub RE, Strengman E, Strohmaier J, Stroup TS, Subramaniam M, Suvisaari J, Svrakic DM, Szatkiewicz JP, Söderman E, Thirumalai S, Toncheva D, Tosato S, Veijola J, Waddington J, Walsh D, Wang D, Wang Q, Webb BT, Weiser M, Wildenauer DB, Williams NM, Williams S, Witt SH, Wolen AR, Wong EH, Wormley BK, Xi HS, Zai CC, Zheng X, Zimprich F, Stefansson K, Visscher PM, Adolfsson R, Andreassen OA, Blackwood DH, Bramon E, Buxbaum JD, Børglum AD, Cichon S, Darvasi A, Domenici E, Ehrenreich H, Esko T, Gejman PV, Gill M, Gurling H, Hultman CM, Iwata N, Jablensky AV, Jönsson EG, Kendler KS, Kirov G, Knight J, Lencz T, Levinson DF, Li QS, Liu J, Malhotra AK, McCarrol SA, McQuillin A, Moran JL, Mortensen PB, Mowry BJ, Nöthen MM, Ophoff RA, Owen MJ, Palotie A, Pato CN, Petryshen TL, Posthuma D, Rietsche M, Riley BP, Rujescu D, Sham PC, Sklar P, St Clair D, Weinberger DR, Wendland JR, Werge T, Daly MJ, Sullivan PF, O’Donovan MC. Estimation of Genetic Correlation via Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression and Genomic Restricted Maximum Likelihood. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:1185-1194. [PMID: 29754766 PMCID: PMC5993419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic correlation is a key population parameter that describes the shared genetic architecture of complex traits and diseases. It can be estimated by current state-of-art methods, i.e., linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and genomic restricted maximum likelihood (GREML). The massively reduced computing burden of LDSC compared to GREML makes it an attractive tool, although the accuracy (i.e., magnitude of standard errors) of LDSC estimates has not been thoroughly studied. In simulation, we show that the accuracy of GREML is generally higher than that of LDSC. When there is genetic heterogeneity between the actual sample and reference data from which LD scores are estimated, the accuracy of LDSC decreases further. In real data analyses estimating the genetic correlation between schizophrenia (SCZ) and body mass index, we show that GREML estimates based on ∼150,000 individuals give a higher accuracy than LDSC estimates based on ∼400,000 individuals (from combined meta-data). A GREML genomic partitioning analysis reveals that the genetic correlation between SCZ and height is significantly negative for regulatory regions, which whole genome or LDSC approach has less power to detect. We conclude that LDSC estimates should be carefully interpreted as there can be uncertainty about homogeneity among combined meta-datasets. We suggest that any interesting findings from massive LDSC analysis for a large number of complex traits should be followed up, where possible, with more detailed analyses with GREML methods, even if sample sizes are lesser.
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Hibar DP, Adams HHH, Jahanshad N, Chauhan G, Stein JL, Hofer E, Renteria ME, Bis JC, Arias-Vasquez A, Ikram MK, Desrivières S, Vernooij MW, Abramovic L, Alhusaini S, Amin N, Andersson M, Arfanakis K, Aribisala BS, Armstrong NJ, Athanasiu L, Axelsson T, Beecham AH, Beiser A, Bernard M, Blanton SH, Bohlken MM, Boks MP, Bralten J, Brickman AM, Carmichael O, Chakravarty MM, Chen Q, Ching CRK, Chouraki V, Cuellar-Partida G, Crivello F, Den Braber A, Doan NT, Ehrlich S, Giddaluru S, Goldman AL, Gottesman RF, Grimm O, Griswold ME, Guadalupe T, Gutman BA, Hass J, Haukvik UK, Hoehn D, Holmes AJ, Hoogman M, Janowitz D, Jia T, Jørgensen KN, Karbalai N, Kasperaviciute D, Kim S, Klein M, Kraemer B, Lee PH, Liewald DCM, Lopez LM, Luciano M, Macare C, Marquand AF, Matarin M, Mather KA, Mattheisen M, McKay DR, Milaneschi Y, Muñoz Maniega S, Nho K, Nugent AC, Nyquist P, Loohuis LMO, Oosterlaan J, Papmeyer M, Pirpamer L, Pütz B, Ramasamy A, Richards JS, Risacher SL, Roiz-Santiañez R, Rommelse N, Ropele S, Rose EJ, Royle NA, Rundek T, Sämann PG, Saremi A, Satizabal CL, Schmaal L, Schork AJ, Shen L, Shin J, Shumskaya E, Smith AV, Sprooten E, Strike LT, Teumer A, Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Toro R, Trabzuni D, Trompet S, Vaidya D, Van der Grond J, Van der Lee SJ, Van der Meer D, Van Donkelaar MMJ, Van Eijk KR, Van Erp TGM, Van Rooij D, Walton E, Westlye LT, Whelan CD, Windham BG, Winkler AM, Wittfeld K, Woldehawariat G, Wolf C, Wolfers T, Yanek LR, Yang J, Zijdenbos A, Zwiers MP, Agartz I, Almasy L, Ames D, Amouyel P, Andreassen OA, Arepalli S, Assareh AA, Barral S, Bastin ME, Becker DM, Becker JT, Bennett DA, Blangero J, van Bokhoven H, Boomsma DI, Brodaty H, Brouwer RM, Brunner HG, Buckner RL, Buitelaar JK, Bulayeva KB, Cahn W, Calhoun VD, Cannon DM, Cavalleri GL, Cheng CY, Cichon S, Cookson MR, Corvin A, Crespo-Facorro B, Curran JE, Czisch M, Dale AM, Davies GE, De Craen AJM, De Geus EJC, De Jager PL, De Zubicaray GI, Deary IJ, Debette S, DeCarli C, Delanty N, Depondt C, DeStefano A, Dillman A, Djurovic S, Donohoe G, Drevets WC, Duggirala R, Dyer TD, Enzinger C, Erk S, Espeseth T, Fedko IO, Fernández G, Ferrucci L, Fisher SE, Fleischman DA, Ford I, Fornage M, Foroud TM, Fox PT, Francks C, Fukunaga M, Gibbs JR, Glahn DC, Gollub RL, Göring HHH, Green RC, Gruber O, Gudnason V, Guelfi S, Håberg AK, Hansell NK, Hardy J, Hartman CA, Hashimoto R, Hegenscheid K, Heinz A, Le Hellard S, Hernandez DG, Heslenfeld DJ, Ho BC, Hoekstra PJ, Hoffmann W, Hofman A, Holsboer F, Homuth G, Hosten N, Hottenga JJ, Huentelman M, Pol HEH, Ikeda M, Jack Jr CR, Jenkinson M, Johnson R, Jönsson EG, Jukema JW, Kahn RS, Kanai R, Kloszewska I, Knopman DS, Kochunov P, Kwok JB, Lawrie SM, Lemaître H, Liu X, Longo DL, Lopez OL, Lovestone S, Martinez O, Martinot JL, Mattay VS, McDonald C, McIntosh AM, McMahon FJ, McMahon KL, Mecocci P, Melle I, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Mohnke S, Montgomery GW, Morris DW, Mosley TH, Mühleisen TW, Müller-Myhsok B, Nalls MA, Nauck M, Nichols TE, Niessen WJ, Nöthen MM, Nyberg L, Ohi K, Olvera RL, Ophoff RA, Pandolfo M, Paus T, Pausova Z, Penninx BWJH, Pike GB, Potkin SG, Psaty BM, Reppermund S, Rietschel M, Roffman JL, Romanczuk-Seiferth N, Rotter JI, Ryten M, Sacco RL, Sachdev PS, Saykin AJ, Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Schofield PR, Sigursson S, Simmons A, Singleton A, Sisodiya SM, Smith C, Smoller JW, Soininen H, Steen VM, Stott DJ, Sussmann JE, Thalamuthu A, Toga AW, Traynor BJ, Troncoso J, Tsolaki M, Tzourio C, Uitterlinden AG, Hernández MCV, Van der Brug M, van der Lugt A, van der Wee NJA, Van Haren NEM, van 't Ent D, Van Tol MJ, Vardarajan BN, Vellas B, Veltman DJ, Völzke H, Walter H, Wardlaw JM, Wassink TH, Weale ME, Weinberger DR, Weiner MW, Wen W, Westman E, White T, Wong TY, Wright CB, Zielke RH, Zonderman AB, Martin NG, Van Duijn CM, Wright MJ, Longstreth WT, Schumann G, Grabe HJ, Franke B, Launer LJ, Medland SE, Seshadri S, Thompson PM, Ikram MA. Novel genetic loci associated with hippocampal volume. Nat Commun 2017; 8:13624. [PMID: 28098162 PMCID: PMC5253632 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal formation is a brain structure integrally involved in episodic memory, spatial navigation, cognition and stress responsiveness. Structural abnormalities in hippocampal volume and shape are found in several common neuropsychiatric disorders. To identify the genetic underpinnings of hippocampal structure here we perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 33,536 individuals and discover six independent loci significantly associated with hippocampal volume, four of them novel. Of the novel loci, three lie within genes (ASTN2, DPP4 and MAST4) and one is found 200 kb upstream of SHH. A hippocampal subfield analysis shows that a locus within the MSRB3 gene shows evidence of a localized effect along the dentate gyrus, subiculum, CA1 and fissure. Further, we show that genetic variants associated with decreased hippocampal volume are also associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (rg=-0.155). Our findings suggest novel biological pathways through which human genetic variation influences hippocampal volume and risk for neuropsychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrek P. Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90292, USA
| | - Hieab H. H. Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90292, USA
| | - Ganesh Chauhan
- INSERM Unit U1219, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jason L. Stein
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90292, USA
- Department of Genetics & UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina (UNC), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Edith Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Miguel E. Renteria
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1730 Minor Avenue/Suite 1360. Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Kamran Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Medicine Research Institute, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
- Memory Aging & Cognition Centre (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Meike W. Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucija Abramovic
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saud Alhusaini
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Micael Andersson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology and Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos Arfanakis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Aribisala
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Department of Computer Science, Lagos State University, Lagos, P.M.B. 01 LASU, Nigeria
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Nicola J. Armstrong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Lavinia Athanasiu
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomas Axelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 1432, SE-751 44 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ashley H. Beecham
- Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Alexa Beiser
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts,02118, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118 USA
- Framingham Heart Study, 17 Mount Wayte Avenue, Framingham, Massachusetts 01703 USA
| | - Manon Bernard
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Susan H. Blanton
- Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Marc M. Bohlken
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marco P. Boks
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Adam M. Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain; G.H. Sergievsky Center; Department of Neurology. Columbia University Medical Center, 639 West 1168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA
| | - M. Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4H 1R3
- Department of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Qiang Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Christopher R. K. Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90292, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Vincent Chouraki
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts,02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, 17 Mount Wayte Avenue, Framingham, Massachusetts 01703 USA
- Lille University, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167—RID-AGE—Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Fabrice Crivello
- IMN UMR5293, GIN, CNRS, CEA, University of Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Anouk Den Braber
- Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit & Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Sudheer Giddaluru
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Aaron L. Goldman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Rebecca F. Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Oliver Grimm
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael E. Griswold
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, 39216, USA
| | - Tulio Guadalupe
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- International Max Planck Research School for Language Sciences, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Boris A. Gutman
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90292, USA
| | - Johanna Hass
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Unn K. Haukvik
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, 0319 Oslo, Norway
| | - David Hoehn
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Avram J. Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tianye Jia
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Kjetil N. Jørgensen
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, 0319 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Dalia Kasperaviciute
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom and Epilepsy Society, Bucks, SL9 0RJ, UK
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd Kraemer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Phil H. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts 02141, USA
- Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Lexington, Massachusetts, 02421, USA
| | - David C. M. Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Lorna M. Lopez
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Christine Macare
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Andre F. Marquand
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - Mar Matarin
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom and Epilepsy Society, Bucks, SL9 0RJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Karen A. Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, DK-8000 Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for integrated Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David R. McKay
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford, Connecticut 06114, USA
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, 1081 HL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Allison C. Nugent
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, 35 Convent Drive, Rm 1A202, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3719, USA
| | - Paul Nyquist
- Department of Neurology, Department of Anesthesia/Critical Care Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins, USA600 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Loes M. Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Papmeyer
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
- Division of Systems Neuroscience of Psychopathology, Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, 3060, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Pirpamer
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Benno Pütz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Adaikalavan Ramasamy
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jennifer S. Richards
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GC, The Netherlands
| | - Shannon L. Risacher
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Roberto Roiz-Santiañez
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, 39011, Spain
| | - Nanda Rommelse
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GC, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Ropele
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Emma J. Rose
- Psychosis Research Group, Department of Psychiatry & Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Natalie A. Royle
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | | | - Arvin Saremi
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90292, USA
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts,02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, 17 Mount Wayte Avenue, Framingham, Massachusetts 01703 USA
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, 3502, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3502, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew J. Schork
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92161, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Jean Shin
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - Albert V. Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, 201, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford, Connecticut 06114, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Lachlan T. Strike
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, 39011, Spain
- Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities. Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, 39011, Spain
| | | | - Daniah Trabzuni
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- GeneSTAR Research Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E Monument St Suite 8028, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Jeroen Van der Grond
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Sven J. Van der Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Van der Meer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein M. J. Van Donkelaar
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kristel R. Van Eijk
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Human Neurogenetics Unit, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo G. M. Van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - Daan Van Rooij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Walton
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
| | - Christopher D. Whelan
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90292, USA
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Beverly G. Windham
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anderson M. Winkler
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, 39216, USA
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Girma Woldehawariat
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, 35 Convent Drive, Rm 1A202, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3719, USA
| | - Christiane Wolf
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Wolfers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa R. Yanek
- GeneSTAR Research Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E Monument St Suite 8028, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
- University of Wuerzburg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Wuerzburg, 97080, Germany
| | - Alex Zijdenbos
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Marcel P. Zwiers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, 0319 Oslo, Norway
- Biospective Inc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4P 2R2
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville/Edinburg/San Antonio, Texas, 78250, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - David Ames
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 29104, USA
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Lille University, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167—RID-AGE—Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sampath Arepalli
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3101, Australia
| | - Amelia A. Assareh
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Sandra Barral
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain; G.H. Sergievsky Center; Department of Neurology. Columbia University Medical Center, 639 West 1168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Mark E. Bastin
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Diane M. Becker
- GeneSTAR Research Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E Monument St Suite 8028, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - James T. Becker
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
- University of Wuerzburg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Wuerzburg, 97080, Germany
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit & Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Forbes Ave., Suite 830, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Rachel M. Brouwer
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Han G. Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Dementia Collaborative Research Centre—Assessment and Better Care, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Randy L. Buckner
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Clinical Genetics and GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K. Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GC, The Netherlands
| | - Kazima B. Bulayeva
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Department of Evolution and Genetics, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala 367000, Dagestan, Russia
- The Mind Research Network & LBERI, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106, USA
| | - Dara M. Cannon
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, 35 Convent Drive, Rm 1A202, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3719, USA
- Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | | | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Academic Medicine Research Institute, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Sven Cichon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mark R. Cookson
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3101, Australia
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Psychosis Research Group, Department of Psychiatry & Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39008 Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, 39011, Spain
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Czisch
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Gareth E. Davies
- Departments of Neurosciences, Radiology, Psychiatry, and Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | | | - Eco J. C. De Geus
- Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit & Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
| | | | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- INSERM Unit U1219, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts,02118, USA
- Faculty of Health and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, 33076, France
| | - Norman Delanty
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3700, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | | | - Anita DeStefano
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02118 USA
- Framingham Heart Study, 17 Mount Wayte Avenue, Framingham, Massachusetts 01703 USA
| | - Allissa Dillman
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3101, Australia
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Hopital Erasme, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0420 Oslo, Norway
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics Centre (NICOG) & NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Wayne C. Drevets
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, 35 Convent Drive, Rm 1A202, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3719, USA
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas D. Dyer
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Enzinger
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Erk
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey 08560, USA
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA
| | - Iryna O. Fedko
- Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit & Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guillén Fernández
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon E. Fisher
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Debra A. Fleischman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, USA
| | - Ian Ford
- Department of Neurological Sciences & Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G41 4DQ, UK
| | - Tatiana M. Foroud
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Peter T. Fox
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Clyde Francks
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - J. Raphael Gibbs
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3101, Australia
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford, Connecticut 06114, USA
| | - Randy L. Gollub
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Harald H. H. Göring
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert C. Green
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, 201, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Sebastian Guelfi
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Asta K. Håberg
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Narelle K. Hansell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - John Hardy
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Catharina A. Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Radiology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, 7030, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katrin Hegenscheid
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey 08560, USA
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Dena G. Hernandez
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3101, Australia
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dirk J. Heslenfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Beng-Choon Ho
- Department of Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. Hoekstra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 USA
| | - Florian Holsboer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 USA
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit & Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Clifford R. Jack Jr
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Neurogenomics Division, 445N Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, USA
| | - Mark Jenkinson
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, 39216, USA
| | - Robert Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Erik G. Jönsson
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Biospective Inc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4P 2R2
| | - J. Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - René S. Kahn
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ryota Kanai
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
- NICHD Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
| | - Iwona Kloszewska
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - David S. Knopman
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Araya Brain Imaging, Tokyo, 102-0093, Japan
| | | | - John B. Kwok
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21228, USA
| | - Stephen M. Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Hervé Lemaître
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, 35 Convent Drive, Rm 1A202, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3719, USA
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Dan L. Longo
- INSERM UMR 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot; University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, University Paris Descartes, Maison de Solenn, Paris, 91400, France
| | - Oscar L. Lopez
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Forbes Ave., Suite 830, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Oliver Martinez
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, 33076, France
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Venkata S. Mattay
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Colm McDonald
- Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Francis J. McMahon
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, 35 Convent Drive, Rm 1A202, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3719, USA
| | - Katie L. McMahon
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mohnke
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey 08560, USA
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Derek W. Morris
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0420 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas H. Mosley
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas W. Mühleisen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael A. Nalls
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3101, Australia
| | - Matthias Nauck
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas E. Nichols
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, 39216, USA
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, 17475, Germany
| | - Wiro J. Niessen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Statistics & WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Medical Informatics Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology and Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Radiology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, 7030, Norway
| | - Rene L. Olvera
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Roel A. Ophoff
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | | | - Tomas Paus
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M6A 2E1
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
- Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, 10022, USA
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G. Bruce Pike
- Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E2
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Steven G. Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Departments of Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Group Health Research Institute, Group Health, 1730 Minor Avenue/Suite 1360, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joshua L. Roffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | | | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Mina Ryten
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ralph L. Sacco
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21228, USA
| | | | - Andrew Simmons
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3101, Australia
| | - Sanjay M. Sisodiya
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom and Epilepsy Society, Bucks, SL9 0RJ, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts 02141, USA
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- MRC Edinburgh Brain Bank, University of Edinburgh, Academic Department of Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vidar M. Steen
- NORMENT—KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - David J. Stott
- Neurocentre Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jessika E. Sussmann
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G4 0SF, UK
| | - Bryan J. Traynor
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3101, Australia
| | - Juan Troncoso
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- INSERM Unit U1219, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- 3rd Department of Neurology, "G. Papanicolaou", Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 57010, Greece
| | - Andre G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Maria C. Valdés Hernández
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Marcel Van der Brug
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Neeltje E. M. Van Haren
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis van 't Ent
- Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit & Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Jose Van Tol
- Department of Psychiatry and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Badri N. Vardarajan
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain; G.H. Sergievsky Center; Department of Neurology. Columbia University Medical Center, 639 West 1168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Bruno Vellas
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neuroscience, 9713 AW Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey 08560, USA
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Thomas H. Wassink
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Medicine, INSERM U1027, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, 31024, France
| | - Michael E. Weale
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Daniel R. Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Michael W. Weiner
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Neuroscience and the Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Eric Westman
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Disease, San Francisco VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Tien Y. Wong
- Academic Medicine Research Institute, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Clinton B. Wright
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502, USA
| | - Ronald H. Zielke
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Cornelia M. Van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margaret J. Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - W. T. Longstreth
- Laboratory of Epidemiology & Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Gunter Schumann
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lenore J. Launer
- Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, Washington 98104-2420, USA
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts,02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, 17 Mount Wayte Avenue, Framingham, Massachusetts 01703 USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90292, USA
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Intramural Research Program, NIA, NIH, 7201 Wisconsin Ave, Suite 3C-309, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Adams HHH, Hibar DP, Chouraki V, Stein JL, Nyquist PA, Rentería ME, Trompet S, Arias-Vasquez A, Seshadri S, Desrivières S, Beecham AH, Jahanshad N, Wittfeld K, Van der Lee SJ, Abramovic L, Alhusaini S, Amin N, Andersson M, Arfanakis K, Aribisala BS, Armstrong NJ, Athanasiu L, Axelsson T, Beiser A, Bernard M, Bis JC, Blanken LME, Blanton SH, Bohlken MM, Boks MP, Bralten J, Brickman AM, Carmichael O, Chakravarty MM, Chauhan G, Chen Q, Ching CRK, Cuellar-Partida G, Braber AD, Doan NT, Ehrlich S, Filippi I, Ge T, Giddaluru S, Goldman AL, Gottesman RF, Greven CU, Grimm O, Griswold ME, Guadalupe T, Hass J, Haukvik UK, Hilal S, Hofer E, Hoehn D, Holmes AJ, Hoogman M, Janowitz D, Jia T, Kasperaviciute D, Kim S, Klein M, Kraemer B, Lee PH, Liao J, Liewald DCM, Lopez LM, Luciano M, Macare C, Marquand A, Matarin M, Mather KA, Mattheisen M, Mazoyer B, McKay DR, McWhirter R, Milaneschi Y, Mirza-Schreiber N, Muetzel RL, Maniega SM, Nho K, Nugent AC, Loohuis LMO, Oosterlaan J, Papmeyer M, Pappa I, Pirpamer L, Pudas S, Pütz B, Rajan KB, Ramasamy A, Richards JS, Risacher SL, Roiz-Santiañez R, Rommelse N, Rose EJ, Royle NA, Rundek T, Sämann PG, Satizabal CL, Schmaal L, Schork AJ, Shen L, Shin J, Shumskaya E, Smith AV, Sprooten E, Strike LT, Teumer A, Thomson R, Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Toro R, Trabzuni D, Vaidya D, Van der Grond J, Van der Meer D, Van Donkelaar MMJ, Van Eijk KR, Van Erp TGM, Van Rooij D, Walton E, Westlye LT, Whelan CD, Windham BG, Winkler AM, Woldehawariat G, Wolf C, Wolfers T, Xu B, Yanek LR, Yang J, Zijdenbos A, Zwiers MP, Agartz I, Aggarwal NT, Almasy L, Ames D, Amouyel P, Andreassen OA, Arepalli S, Assareh AA, Barral S, Bastin ME, Becker DM, Becker JT, Bennett DA, Blangero J, van Bokhoven H, Boomsma DI, Brodaty H, Brouwer RM, Brunner HG, Buckner RL, Buitelaar JK, Bulayeva KB, Cahn W, Calhoun VD, Cannon DM, Cavalleri GL, Chen C, Cheng CY, Cichon S, Cookson MR, Corvin A, Crespo-Facorro B, Curran JE, Czisch M, Dale AM, Davies GE, De Geus EJC, De Jager PL, de Zubicaray GI, Delanty N, Depondt C, DeStefano AL, Dillman A, Djurovic S, Donohoe G, Drevets WC, Duggirala R, Dyer TD, Erk S, Espeseth T, Evans DA, Fedko IO, Fernández G, Ferrucci L, Fisher SE, Fleischman DA, Ford I, Foroud TM, Fox PT, Francks C, Fukunaga M, Gibbs JR, Glahn DC, Gollub RL, Göring HHH, Grabe HJ, Green RC, Gruber O, Gudnason V, Guelfi S, Hansell NK, Hardy J, Hartman CA, Hashimoto R, Hegenscheid K, Heinz A, Le Hellard S, Hernandez DG, Heslenfeld DJ, Ho BC, Hoekstra PJ, Hoffmann W, Hofman A, Holsboer F, Homuth G, Hosten N, Hottenga JJ, Hulshoff Pol HE, Ikeda M, Ikram MK, Jack CR, Jenkinson M, Johnson R, Jönsson EG, Jukema JW, Kahn RS, Kanai R, Kloszewska I, Knopman DS, Kochunov P, Kwok JB, Lawrie SM, Lemaître H, Liu X, Longo DL, Longstreth WT, Lopez OL, Lovestone S, Martinez O, Martinot JL, Mattay VS, McDonald C, McIntosh AM, McMahon KL, McMahon FJ, Mecocci P, Melle I, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Mohnke S, Montgomery GW, Morris DW, Mosley TH, Mühleisen TW, Müller-Myhsok B, Nalls MA, Nauck M, Nichols TE, Niessen WJ, Nöthen MM, Nyberg L, Ohi K, Olvera RL, Ophoff RA, Pandolfo M, Paus T, Pausova Z, Penninx BWJH, Pike GB, Potkin SG, Psaty BM, Reppermund S, Rietschel M, Roffman JL, Romanczuk-Seiferth N, Rotter JI, Ryten M, Sacco RL, Sachdev PS, Saykin AJ, Schmidt R, Schofield PR, Sigurdsson S, Simmons A, Singleton A, Sisodiya SM, Smith C, Smoller JW, Soininen H, Srikanth V, Steen VM, Stott DJ, Sussmann JE, Thalamuthu A, Tiemeier H, Toga AW, Traynor BJ, Troncoso J, Turner JA, Tzourio C, Uitterlinden AG, Hernández MCV, Van der Brug M, Van der Lugt A, Van der Wee NJA, Van Duijn CM, Van Haren NEM, Van T Ent D, Van Tol MJ, Vardarajan BN, Veltman DJ, Vernooij MW, Völzke H, Walter H, Wardlaw JM, Wassink TH, Weale ME, Weinberger DR, Weiner MW, Wen W, Westman E, White T, Wong TY, Wright CB, Zielke HR, Zonderman AB, Deary IJ, DeCarli C, Schmidt H, Martin NG, De Craen AJM, Wright MJ, Launer LJ, Schumann G, Fornage M, Franke B, Debette S, Medland SE, Ikram MA, Thompson PM. Novel genetic loci underlying human intracranial volume identified through genome-wide association. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:1569-1582. [PMID: 27694991 PMCID: PMC5227112 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial volume reflects the maximally attained brain size during development, and remains stable with loss of tissue in late life. It is highly heritable, but the underlying genes remain largely undetermined. In a genome-wide association study of 32,438 adults, we discovered five previously unknown loci for intracranial volume and confirmed two known signals. Four of the loci were also associated with adult human stature, but these remained associated with intracranial volume after adjusting for height. We found a high genetic correlation with child head circumference (ρgenetic = 0.748), which indicates a similar genetic background and allowed us to identify four additional loci through meta-analysis (Ncombined = 37,345). Variants for intracranial volume were also related to childhood and adult cognitive function, and Parkinson's disease, and were enriched near genes involved in growth pathways, including PI3K-AKT signaling. These findings identify the biological underpinnings of intracranial volume and their link to physiological and pathological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Derrek P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vincent Chouraki
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Lille University, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, Lille, France
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason L Stein
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Genetics and UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina (UNC), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul A Nyquist
- Department of Neurology, Department of Anesthesia/Critical Care Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ashley H Beecham
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Lucija Abramovic
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saud Alhusaini
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Micael Andersson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology and Umeå center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos Arfanakis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Benjamin S Aribisala
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Computer Science, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicola J Armstrong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Lavinia Athanasiu
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomas Axelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexa Beiser
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manon Bernard
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Laura M E Blanken
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susan H Blanton
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Marc M Bohlken
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marco P Boks
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- G.H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Qiang Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Anouk Den Braber
- Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit University and Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Masschusetts, USA
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, North Carolina, USA
| | - Irina Filippi
- NSERM Unit 1000 ″Neuroimaging and Psychiatry″, University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Maison de Solenn, Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine Department, APHP Hospital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Tian Ge
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, North Carolina, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sudheer Giddaluru
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aaron L Goldman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca F Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Corina U Greven
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- King's College London, Medical Research Council Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neurosciene, London, UK
| | - Oliver Grimm
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael E Griswold
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Tulio Guadalupe
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- International Max Planck Research School for Language Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Hass
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Unn K Haukvik
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Saima Hilal
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Edith Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Austria, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Austria, Graz, Austria
| | - David Hoehn
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Avram J Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Masschusetts, USA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tianye Jia
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dalia Kasperaviciute
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom and Epilepsy Society, Bucks, UK
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bernd Kraemer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Phil H Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Masschusetts, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jiemin Liao
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - David C M Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lorna M Lopez
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christine Macare
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andre Marquand
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mar Matarin
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom and Epilepsy Society, Bucks, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for integrated Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - David R McKay
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rebekah McWhirter
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nazanin Mirza-Schreiber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Ryan L Muetzel
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Allison C Nugent
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Loes M Olde Loohuis
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jaap Oosterlaan
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martina Papmeyer
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Systems Neuroscience of Psychopathology, Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Irene Pappa
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas Pirpamer
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Austria, Graz, Austria
| | - Sara Pudas
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology and Umeå center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Benno Pütz
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Kumar B Rajan
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adaikalavan Ramasamy
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
- The Jenner Institute Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer S Richards
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Roberto Roiz-Santiañez
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, Spain
| | - Nanda Rommelse
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Emma J Rose
- Psychosis Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin
| | - Natalie A Royle
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Philipp G Sämann
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew J Schork
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jean Shin
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elena Shumskaya
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lachlan T Strike
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Russell Thomson
- School of Computing Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Parramatta, Australia
| | - Diana Tordesillas-Gutierrez
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, Spain
- Neuroimaging Unit,Technological Facilities. Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute IDIVAL, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | | | - Daniah Trabzuni
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- GeneSTAR Research Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeroen Van der Grond
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Van der Meer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein M J Van Donkelaar
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kristel R Van Eijk
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Human Neurogenetics Unit, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Theo G M Van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Daan Van Rooij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Walton
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher D Whelan
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Beverly G Windham
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Anderson M Winkler
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Girma Woldehawariat
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christiane Wolf
- University of Wuerzburg, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wolfers
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bing Xu
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- GeneSTAR Research Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alex Zijdenbos
- Biospective Inc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marcel P Zwiers
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Development, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Neelum T Aggarwal
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine Brownsville/Edinburg/San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Lille University, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related diseases, Lille, France
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sampath Arepalli
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amelia A Assareh
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sandra Barral
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Diane M Becker
- GeneSTAR Research Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James T Becker
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine Brownsville/Edinburg/San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit University and Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Dementia Collaborative Research Centre - Assessment and Better Care, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel M Brouwer
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Han G Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Masschusetts, USA
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kazima B Bulayeva
- Department of Evolution and Genetics, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network and LBERI, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Department of ECE, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Dara M Cannon
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Christopher Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Academic Medicine Research Institute, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sven Cichon
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Mark R Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Psychosis Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental), Santander, Spain
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine Brownsville/Edinburg/San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Czisch
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Anders M Dale
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Gareth E Davies
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eco J C De Geus
- Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit University and Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Greig I de Zubicaray
- Faculty of Health and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Norman Delanty
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Neurology Division, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, 9, Ireland
| | - Chantal Depondt
- Department of Neurology, Hopital Erasme, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anita L DeStefano
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Allissa Dillman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics Centre (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Wayne C Drevets
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ravi Duggirala
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine Brownsville/Edinburg/San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas D Dyer
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine Brownsville/Edinburg/San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Susanne Erk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Denis A Evans
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Iryna O Fedko
- Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit University and Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Guillén Fernández
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Debra A Fleischman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Clyde Francks
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - J Raphael Gibbs
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Randy L Gollub
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Masschusetts, USA
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, North Carolina, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Harald H H Göring
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine Brownsville/Edinburg/San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert C Green
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Oliver Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sebastian Guelfi
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Narelle K Hansell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John Hardy
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katrin Hegenscheid
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dirk J Heslenfeld
- Department of Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Beng-Choon Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Florian Holsboer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- HMNC Brain Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit University and Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - M Kamran Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre (MACC), National University Health System, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Academic Medicine Research Institute, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Clifford R Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Robert Johnson
- NICHD Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - René S Kahn
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ryota Kanai
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neuroinformatics, Araya Brain Imaging, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John B Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hervé Lemaître
- NSERM Unit 1000 ″Neuroimaging and Psychiatry″, University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Maison de Solenn, Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine Department, APHP Hospital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dan L Longo
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - W T Longstreth
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Dementia Biomedical Research Unit, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Martinez
- Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- NSERM Unit 1000 ″Neuroimaging and Psychiatry″, University Paris Sud, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Maison de Solenn, Adolescent Psychopathology and Medicine Department, APHP Hospital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Venkata S Mattay
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Katie L McMahon
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Francis J McMahon
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mohnke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Derek W Morris
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics Centre (NICOG) and NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), partner site Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Statistics and Warwick Manufacturing Group, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Wiro J Niessen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Informatics Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology and Umeå center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rene L Olvera
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Massimo Pandolfo
- Department of Neurology, Hopital Erasme, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tomas Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
- Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G Bruce Pike
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Steven G Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, Australia
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joshua L Roffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Masschusetts, USA
| | - Nina Romanczuk-Seiferth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Pediatrics at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Mina Ryten
- Reta Lila Weston Institute and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ralph L Sacco
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Austria, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Andy Simmons
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
- Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
- Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom and Epilepsy Society, Bucks, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- MRC Edinburgh Brain Bank, University of Edinburgh, Academic Department of Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Masschusetts, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Neurocentre Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland
| | - Velandai Srikanth
- Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - David J Stott
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jessika E Sussmann
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Juan Troncoso
- Brain Resource Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Christophe Tzourio
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, UMR 5293, CEA, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, France
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria C Valdés Hernández
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Aad Van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nic J A Van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Neeltje E M Van Haren
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Van T Ent
- Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit University and Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-Jose Van Tol
- Neuroimaging Centre, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Meike W Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCM, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Brain Research Imaging Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas H Wassink
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Michael E Weale
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Neuroscience and the Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Disease, San Francisco VA Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Eric Westman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tien Y Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Department of Evolution and Genetics, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clinton B Wright
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - H Ronald Zielke
- NICHD Brain and Tissue Bank for Developmental Disorders, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Imaging of Dementia and Aging (IDeA) Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Anton J M De Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Intramural Research Program, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gunter Schumann
- MRC-SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Mormino EC, Sperling RA, Holmes AJ, Buckner RL, De Jager PL, Smoller JW, Sabuncu MR. Polygenic risk of Alzheimer disease is associated with early- and late-life processes. Neurology 2016; 87:481-8. [PMID: 27385740 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between aggregate genetic risk and Alzheimer disease (AD) markers in stages preceding the clinical symptoms of dementia using data from 2 large observational cohort studies. METHODS We computed polygenic risk scores (PGRS) using summary statistics from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project genome-wide association study of AD. Associations between PGRS and AD markers (cognitive decline, clinical progression, hippocampus volume, and β-amyloid) were assessed within older participants with dementia. Associations between PGRS and hippocampus volume were additionally examined within healthy younger participants (age 18-35 years). RESULTS Within participants without dementia, elevated PGRS was associated with worse memory (p = 0.002) and smaller hippocampus (p = 0.002) at baseline, as well as greater longitudinal cognitive decline (memory: p = 0.0005, executive function: p = 0.01) and clinical progression (p < 0.00001). High PGRS was associated with AD-like levels of β-amyloid burden as measured with florbetapir PET (p = 0.03) but did not reach statistical significance for CSF β-amyloid (p = 0.11). Within the younger group, higher PGRS was associated with smaller hippocampus volume (p = 0.05). This pattern was evident when examining a PGRS that included many loci below the genome-wide association study (GWAS)-level significance threshold (16,123 single nucleotide polymorphisms), but not when PGRS was restricted to GWAS-level significant loci (18 single nucleotide polymorphisms). CONCLUSIONS Effects related to common genetic risk loci distributed throughout the genome are detectable among individuals without dementia. The influence of this genetic risk may begin in early life and make an individual more susceptible to cognitive impairment in late life. Future refinement of polygenic risk scores may help identify individuals at risk for AD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Mormino
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.C.M., R.A.S.) and Radiology (R.A.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology (R.A.S.), and Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (P.L.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (P.L.D.), Boston, MA; Department of Psychology (A.J.H.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Psychiatry (A.J.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (A.J.H.) and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research (J.W.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science (R.L.B.), Harvard University, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology (R.L.B., M.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (P.L.D.), Broad Institute; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (J.W.S.); and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.C.M., R.A.S.) and Radiology (R.A.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology (R.A.S.), and Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (P.L.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (P.L.D.), Boston, MA; Department of Psychology (A.J.H.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Psychiatry (A.J.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (A.J.H.) and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research (J.W.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science (R.L.B.), Harvard University, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology (R.L.B., M.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (P.L.D.), Broad Institute; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (J.W.S.); and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
| | - Avram J Holmes
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.C.M., R.A.S.) and Radiology (R.A.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology (R.A.S.), and Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (P.L.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (P.L.D.), Boston, MA; Department of Psychology (A.J.H.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Psychiatry (A.J.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (A.J.H.) and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research (J.W.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science (R.L.B.), Harvard University, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology (R.L.B., M.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (P.L.D.), Broad Institute; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (J.W.S.); and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
| | - Randy L Buckner
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.C.M., R.A.S.) and Radiology (R.A.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology (R.A.S.), and Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (P.L.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (P.L.D.), Boston, MA; Department of Psychology (A.J.H.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Psychiatry (A.J.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (A.J.H.) and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research (J.W.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science (R.L.B.), Harvard University, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology (R.L.B., M.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (P.L.D.), Broad Institute; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (J.W.S.); and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
| | - Philip L De Jager
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.C.M., R.A.S.) and Radiology (R.A.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology (R.A.S.), and Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (P.L.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (P.L.D.), Boston, MA; Department of Psychology (A.J.H.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Psychiatry (A.J.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (A.J.H.) and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research (J.W.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science (R.L.B.), Harvard University, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology (R.L.B., M.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (P.L.D.), Broad Institute; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (J.W.S.); and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.C.M., R.A.S.) and Radiology (R.A.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology (R.A.S.), and Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (P.L.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (P.L.D.), Boston, MA; Department of Psychology (A.J.H.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Psychiatry (A.J.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (A.J.H.) and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research (J.W.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science (R.L.B.), Harvard University, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology (R.L.B., M.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (P.L.D.), Broad Institute; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (J.W.S.); and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
| | - Mert R Sabuncu
- From the Departments of Neurology (E.C.M., R.A.S.) and Radiology (R.A.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology (R.A.S.), and Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (P.L.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (P.L.D.), Boston, MA; Department of Psychology (A.J.H.), Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Psychiatry (A.J.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (A.J.H.) and Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research (J.W.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science (R.L.B.), Harvard University, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology (R.L.B., M.R.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (P.L.D.), Broad Institute; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (J.W.S.); and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
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Rieckmann A, Van Dijk KRA, Sperling RA, Johnson KA, Buckner RL, Hedden T. Accelerated decline in white matter integrity in clinically normal individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 42:177-88. [PMID: 27143434 PMCID: PMC4857135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have identified white matter abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, cross-sectional studies in normal older individuals show little evidence for an association between markers of AD risk (APOE4 genotype and amyloid deposition), and white matter integrity. Here, 108 normal older adults (age, 66-87) with assessments of apolipoprotein e4 (APOE4) genotype and assessment of amyloid burden by positron emission tomography underwent diffusion tensor imaging scans for measuring white matter integrity at 2 time points, on average 2.6 years apart. Linear mixed-effects models showed that amyloid burden at baseline was associated with steeper decline in fractional anisotropy in the parahippocampal cingulum (p < 0.05). This association was not significant between baseline measures suggesting that longitudinal analyses can provide novel insights that are not detectable in cross-sectional designs. Amyloid-related changes in hippocampus volume did not explain the association between amyloid burden and change in fractional anisotropy. The results suggest that accumulation of cortical amyloid and white matter changes in parahippocampal cingulum are not independent processes in individuals at increased risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rieckmann
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Koene R A Van Dijk
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Trey Hedden
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Roffman JL, Tanner AS, Eryilmaz H, Rodriguez-Thompson A, Silverstein NJ, Ho NF, Nitenson AZ, Chonde DB, Greve DN, Abi-Dargham A, Buckner RL, Manoach DS, Rosen BR, Hooker JM, Catana C. Dopamine D1 signaling organizes network dynamics underlying working memory. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1501672. [PMID: 27386561 PMCID: PMC4928887 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Local prefrontal dopamine signaling supports working memory by tuning pyramidal neurons to task-relevant stimuli. Enabled by simultaneous positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI), we determined whether neuromodulatory effects of dopamine scale to the level of cortical networks and coordinate their interplay during working memory. Among network territories, mean cortical D1 receptor densities differed substantially but were strongly interrelated, suggesting cross-network regulation. Indeed, mean cortical D1 density predicted working memory-emergent decoupling of the frontoparietal and default networks, which respectively manage task-related and internal stimuli. In contrast, striatal D1 predicted opposing effects within these two networks but no between-network effects. These findings specifically link cortical dopamine signaling to network crosstalk that redirects cognitive resources to working memory, echoing neuromodulatory effects of D1 signaling on the level of cortical microcircuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L. Roffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Alexandra S. Tanner
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hamdi Eryilmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anais Rodriguez-Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Noah J. Silverstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - New Fei Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Adam Z. Nitenson
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel B. Chonde
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Douglas N. Greve
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Anissa Abi-Dargham
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, Harkness Pavilion, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Randy L. Buckner
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Dara S. Manoach
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bruce R. Rosen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jacob M. Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ciprian Catana
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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47
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Chang YS, Owen JP, Pojman NJ, Thieu T, Bukshpun P, Wakahiro MLJ, Marco EJ, Berman JI, Spiro JE, Chung WK, Buckner RL, Roberts TPL, Nagarajan SS, Sherr EH, Mukherjee P. Reciprocal white matter alterations due to 16p11.2 chromosomal deletions versus duplications. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:2833-48. [PMID: 27219475 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Copy number variants at the 16p11.2 chromosomal locus are associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and speech and language disorders. A gene dosage dependence has been suggested, with 16p11.2 deletion carriers demonstrating higher body mass index and head circumference, and 16p11.2 duplication carriers demonstrating lower body mass index and head circumference. Here, we use diffusion tensor imaging to elucidate this reciprocal relationship in white matter organization, showing widespread increases of fractional anisotropy throughout the supratentorial white matter in pediatric deletion carriers and, in contrast, extensive decreases of white matter fractional anisotropy in pediatric and adult duplication carriers. We find associations of these white matter alterations with cognitive and behavioral impairments. We further demonstrate the value of imaging metrics for characterizing the copy number variant phenotype by employing linear discriminant analysis to predict the gene dosage status of the study subjects. These results show an effect of 16p11.2 gene dosage on white matter microstructure, and further suggest that opposite changes in diffusion tensor imaging metrics can lead to similar cognitive and behavioral deficits. Given the large effect sizes found in this study, our results support the view that specific genetic variations are more strongly associated with specific brain alterations than are shared neuropsychiatric diagnoses. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2833-2848, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shin Chang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, San Francisco, California, 94107
| | - Julia P Owen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, San Francisco, California, 94107.,Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Nicholas J Pojman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Tony Thieu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Polina Bukshpun
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Mari L J Wakahiro
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Elysa J Marco
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Jeffrey I Berman
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Wood Bldg, Suite 2115, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - John E Spiro
- Simons Foundation, 160 Fifth Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, New York, 10010
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Wood Bldg, Suite 2115, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Srikantan S Nagarajan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, San Francisco, California, 94107.,Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Elliott H Sherr
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Pratik Mukherjee
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, San Francisco, California, 94107.,Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, 1700 4th St, San Francisco, California, 94158
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Rieckmann A, Hedden T, Younger AP, Sperling RA, Johnson KA, Buckner RL. Dopamine transporter availability in clinically normal aging is associated with individual differences in white matter integrity. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:621-31. [PMID: 26542307 PMCID: PMC4729206 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging-related differences in white matter integrity, the presence of amyloid plaques, and density of biomarkers indicative of dopamine functions can be detected and quantified with in vivo human imaging. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate whether these imaging-based measures constitute independent imaging biomarkers in older adults, which would speak to the hypothesis that the aging brain is characterized by multiple independent neurobiological cascades. We assessed MRI-based markers of white matter integrity and PET-based marker of dopamine transporter density and amyloid deposition in the same set of 53 clinically normal individuals (age 65-87). A multiple regression analysis demonstrated that dopamine transporter availability is predicted by white matter integrity, which was detectable even after controlling for chronological age. Further post-hoc exploration revealed that dopamine transporter availability was further associated with systolic blood pressure, mirroring the established association between cardiovascular health and white matter integrity. Dopamine transporter availability was not associated with the presence of amyloid burden. Neurobiological correlates of dopamine transporter measures in aging are therefore likely unrelated to Alzheimer's disease but are aligned with white matter integrity and cardiovascular risk. More generally, these results suggest that two common imaging markers of the aging brain that are typically investigated separately do not reflect independent neurobiological processes. Hum Brain Mapp 37:621-631, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rieckmann
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Trey Hedden
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alayna P Younger
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Krienen FM, Yeo BTT, Ge T, Buckner RL, Sherwood CC. Transcriptional profiles of supragranular-enriched genes associate with corticocortical network architecture in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E469-78. [PMID: 26739559 PMCID: PMC4739529 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1510903113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain is patterned with disproportionately large, distributed cerebral networks that connect multiple association zones in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. The expansion of the cortical surface, along with the emergence of long-range connectivity networks, may be reflected in changes to the underlying molecular architecture. Using the Allen Institute's human brain transcriptional atlas, we demonstrate that genes particularly enriched in supragranular layers of the human cerebral cortex relative to mouse distinguish major cortical classes. The topography of transcriptional expression reflects large-scale brain network organization consistent with estimates from functional connectivity MRI and anatomical tracing in nonhuman primates. Microarray expression data for genes preferentially expressed in human upper layers (II/III), but enriched only in lower layers (V/VI) of mouse, were cross-correlated to identify molecular profiles across the cerebral cortex of postmortem human brains (n = 6). Unimodal sensory and motor zones have similar molecular profiles, despite being distributed across the cortical mantle. Sensory/motor profiles were anticorrelated with paralimbic and certain distributed association network profiles. Tests of alternative gene sets did not consistently distinguish sensory and motor regions from paralimbic and association regions: (i) genes enriched in supragranular layers in both humans and mice, (ii) genes cortically enriched in humans relative to nonhuman primates, (iii) genes related to connectivity in rodents, (iv) genes associated with human and mouse connectivity, and (v) 1,454 gene sets curated from known gene ontologies. Molecular innovations of upper cortical layers may be an important component in the evolution of long-range corticocortical projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenna M Krienen
- Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology and Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052;
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology & Memory Networks Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Tian Ge
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129; Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114; Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Chet C Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology and Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052
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Tisdall MD, Reuter M, Qureshi A, Buckner RL, Fischl B, van der Kouwe AJW. Prospective motion correction with volumetric navigators (vNavs) reduces the bias and variance in brain morphometry induced by subject motion. Neuroimage 2015; 127:11-22. [PMID: 26654788 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work has demonstrated that subject motion produces systematic biases in the metrics computed by widely used morphometry software packages, even when the motion is too small to produce noticeable image artifacts. In the common situation where the control population exhibits different behaviors in the scanner when compared to the experimental population, these systematic measurement biases may produce significant confounds for between-group analyses, leading to erroneous conclusions about group differences. While previous work has shown that prospective motion correction can improve perceived image quality, here we demonstrate that, in healthy subjects performing a variety of directed motions, the use of the volumetric navigator (vNav) prospective motion correction system significantly reduces the motion-induced bias and variance in morphometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dylan Tisdall
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Martin Reuter
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Abid Qureshi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - André J W van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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