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Qasmieh S, Nash D, Gandhi M, Rozen E, Okochi H, Goldstein H, Herold BC, Jamison K, Pathela P. Self-Reported Use of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Is Highly Accurate Among Sexual Health Clinic Patients in New York City. Sex Transm Dis 2022; 49:790-793. [PMID: 35312670 PMCID: PMC9463403 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In New York City, 91% of sexually transmitted infection clinic patients reported preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use that matched the detection of PrEP in their serum. Self-report had 80% sensitivity and 96% specificity ( κ = 0.79) compared with measured PrEP. Our findings suggest that self-report may be a valid indicator of PrEP uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Qasmieh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Denis Nash
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Monica Gandhi
- University of California San Francisco Center for AIDS Research, San Francisco, CA
| | - Elliot Rozen
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY
| | - Hideaki Okochi
- University of California San Francisco Center for AIDS Research, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - Kelly Jamison
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY
| | - Preeti Pathela
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY
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Pathela P, Qasmieh S, Gandhi M, Rozen E, Okochi H, Goldstein H, Herold BC, Jamison K, Schillinger JA, Nash D. Brief Report: Use of Remnant Specimens to Assess Use of HIV PrEP Among Populations With Risk of HIV Infection: A Novel Approach. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2022; 90:382-387. [PMID: 35357337 PMCID: PMC9246871 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-uninfected persons being evaluated for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may be good HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) candidates. We measured PrEP use in a sentinel STI patient population. DESIGN Cross-sectional study, New York City Sexual Health Clinics (January 2019-June 2019). METHODS Remnant serum samples from 644 HIV-uninfected men who have sex with men (MSM) and 97 women diagnosed with chlamydia, gonorrhea, and/or early syphilis were assayed for tenofovir and emtricitabine levels using a validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay. Using paired test results and medical records, we assessed (1) prevalence and (2) correlates of PrEP use on the day of STI diagnosis (adjusted prevalence ratios [aPRs]). RESULTS PrEP use among 741 patients was 32.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 29.3 to 36.0]; 37.3% for MSM and 2.1% for women. PrEP use was high among White MSM (46.8%) and lowest among women. Among MSM with rectal chlamydia/gonorrhea or early syphilis, PrEP use was associated with age [aPR = 1.7 (95% CI: 1.2 to 2.4) for ages 25-34 years and aPR = 2.0 (1.4 to 2.9) for ages 35-44 years, vs. 15 to 24 years]; number of recent sex partners [aPR = 1.4 (1.0 to 2.0) for 3-5 partners, aPR = 2.1 (1.5 to 3.0) for 6-10 partners, aPR = 2.2 (1.6 to 3.1) for >10 partners, vs. ≤2 partners]; having sex/needle-sharing partners with HIV [aPR = 1.4 (1.1-1.7)]; and inconsistent condom use [aPR = 3.3 (1.8-6.1)]. Race/ethnicity, past-year STI diagnosis, and postexposure prophylaxis use were not associated. CONCLUSIONS One in 3 people with newly diagnosed STIs had detectable serum PrEP, and PrEP use was exceedingly rare among women. Routinely collected remnant samples can be used to measure PrEP use in populations at high risk of HIV acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Pathela
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY
| | - Saba Qasmieh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY
| | - Monica Gandhi
- University of California San Francisco Center for AIDS Research, San Francisco, CA
| | - Elliot Rozen
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY
| | - Hideaki Okochi
- University of California San Francisco Center for AIDS Research, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | - Kelly Jamison
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY
| | - Julia A. Schillinger
- New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Queens, NY
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Denis Nash
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY
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Nash D, Qasmieh S, Robertson M, Rane M, Zimba R, Kulkarni SG, Berry A, You W, Mirzayi C, Westmoreland D, Parcesepe A, Waldron L, Kochhar S, Maroko AR, Grov C. Household factors and the risk of severe COVID-like illness early in the U.S. pandemic. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271786. [PMID: 35862418 PMCID: PMC9302833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of children in the home and household crowding as risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease. METHODS We used interview data from 6,831 U.S. adults screened for the Communities, Households and SARS/CoV-2 Epidemiology (CHASING) COVID Cohort Study in April 2020. RESULTS In logistic regression models, the adjusted odds ratio [aOR] of hospitalization due to COVID-19 for having (versus not having) children in the home was 10.5 (95% CI:5.7-19.1) among study participants living in multi-unit dwellings and 2.2 (95% CI:1.2-6.5) among those living in single unit dwellings. Among participants living in multi-unit dwellings, the aOR for COVID-19 hospitalization among participants with more than 4 persons in their household (versus 1 person) was 2.5 (95% CI:1.0-6.1), and 0.8 (95% CI:0.15-4.1) among those living in single unit dwellings. CONCLUSION Early in the US SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, certain household exposures likely increased the risk of both SARS-CoV-2 acquisition and the risk of severe COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Nash
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Saba Qasmieh
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - McKaylee Robertson
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Madhura Rane
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Zimba
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah G. Kulkarni
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Amanda Berry
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - William You
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Chloe Mirzayi
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Drew Westmoreland
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Angela Parcesepe
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Levi Waldron
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Shivani Kochhar
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew R. Maroko
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Christian Grov
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York City, New York, United States of America
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Nash D, Qasmieh S, Robertson M, Rane M, Zimba R, Kulkarni S, Berry A, You W, Mirzayi C, Westmoreland D, Parcesepe A, Waldron L, Kochhar S, Maroko AR, Grov C. Household factors and the risk of severe COVID-like illness early in the US pandemic. medRxiv 2020:2020.12.03.20243683. [PMID: 33300008 PMCID: PMC7724676 DOI: 10.1101/2020.12.03.20243683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of children in the home and household crowding as risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease. METHODS We used interview data from 6,831 U.S. adults screened for the Communities, Households and SARS/CoV-2 Epidemiology (CHASING) COVID Cohort Study in April 2020. RESULTS In logistic regression models, the adjusted odds ratio [aOR] of hospitalization due to COVID-19 for having (versus not having) children in the home was 10.5 (95% CI:5.7-19.1) among study participants living in multi-unit dwellings and 2.2 (95% CI:1.2-6.5) among those living in single unit dwellings. Among participants living in multi-unit dwellings, the aOR for COVID-19 hospitalization among participants with more than 4 persons in their household (versus 1 person) was 2.5 (95% CI:1.0-6.1), and 0.8 (95% CI:0.15-4.1) among those living in single unit dwellings. CONCLUSION Early in the US SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, certain household exposures likely increased the risk of both SARS-CoV-2 acquisition and the risk of severe COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Nash
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY); New York City, New York USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY); New York City, New York USA
| | - Saba Qasmieh
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY); New York City, New York USA
| | - McKaylee Robertson
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY); New York City, New York USA
| | - Madhura Rane
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY); New York City, New York USA
| | - Rebecca Zimba
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY); New York City, New York USA
| | - Sarah Kulkarni
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY); New York City, New York USA
| | - Amanda Berry
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY); New York City, New York USA
| | - William You
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY); New York City, New York USA
| | - Chloe Mirzayi
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY); New York City, New York USA
| | - Drew Westmoreland
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY); New York City, New York USA
| | - Angela Parcesepe
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Levi Waldron
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY); New York City, New York USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY); New York City, New York USA
| | - Shivani Kochhar
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY); New York City, New York USA
| | - Andrew R Maroko
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY); New York City, New York USA
- Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY); New York City, New York USA
| | - Christian Grov
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), City University of New York (CUNY); New York City, New York USA
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY); New York City, New York USA
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Castel AD, Qasmieh S, Greenberg D, Ellenberger N, Howell TH, Griffith C, Wilbourn BC, Ganesan K, Hussein N, Ralte G, Rakhmanina N. Digital Gaming to Improve Adherence Among Adolescents and Young Adults Living With HIV: Mixed-Methods Study to Test Feasibility and Acceptability. JMIR Serious Games 2018; 6:e10213. [PMID: 30322838 PMCID: PMC6231793 DOI: 10.2196/10213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An estimated 50% of adolescents and young adults (AYA) living with HIV are failing to adhere to prescribed antiretroviral treatment (ART). Digital games are effective in chronic disease management; however, research on gaming to improve ART adherence among AYA is limited. Objective We assessed the feasibility and acceptability of video gaming to improve AYA ART adherence. Methods Focus group discussions and surveys were administered to health care providers and AYA aged 13 to 24 years living with HIV at a pediatric HIV program in Washington, DC. During focus group discussions, AYA viewed demonstrations of 3 game prototypes linked to portable Wisepill medication dispensers. Content analysis strategies and thematic coding were used to identify adherence themes and gaming acceptance and feasibility. Likert scale and descriptive statistics were used to summarize response frequencies. Results Providers (n=10) identified common adherence barriers and strategies, including use of gaming analogies to improve AYA ART adherence. Providers supported exploration of digital gaming as an adherence intervention. In 6 focus group discussions, 12 AYA participants identified disclosure of HIV status and irregular daily schedules as major barriers to ART and use of alarms and pillboxes as reminders. Most AYA were very or somewhat likely to use the demonstrated game prototypes to help with ART adherence and desired challenging, individually tailored, user-friendly games with in-game incentives. Game prototypes were modified accordingly. Conclusions AYA and their providers supported the use of digital games for ART adherence support. Individualization and in-game incentives were preferable and informed the design of an interactive technology-based adherence intervention among AYA living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D Castel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Saba Qasmieh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | | | - Tyriesa Howard Howell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.,Center for Prevention Science, School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Caleb Griffith
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Brittany C Wilbourn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kavitha Ganesan
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, United States Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Nadia Hussein
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Natella Rakhmanina
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.,Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Washington, DC, United States
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Crenshaw M, Gribbin M, Qasmieh S, Heil J, Ward C, Kariya S, Kern J. Haiti's rural Central Plateau: Baseline data from mobile health clinics. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2018; 29:984-996. [PMID: 30122678 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2018.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION George Washington Students for Haiti conducts mobile clinics in the Central Plateau of Haiti. Baseline health data for specific rural areas of Haiti are needed. METHODS Medical teams conducted mobile clinics in rural locations of Haiti's Central Plateau. Diagnoses, blood pressure, growth parameters, medications prescribed, and referrals were recorded. RESULTS Analyses included 865 patients. The leading pediatric diagnoses were acute respiratory infection, dermatitis, and abdominal pain. Using height for age, 22.9% of children were categorized as malnourished. The primary adult diagnoses were gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (23.3%), genitourinary disorders (15.9%), and cataracts (15.1%). Of all adults, 21.3% had hypertension Stage 1, and 15.4% had hypertension Stage 2. DISCUSSION This study provides valuable baseline health data for those providing medical care in the Central Plateau of Haiti. Effective health care targets include intestinal parasitic infections and malnourishment for children; hypertension and GERD for adults.
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Martin-Brevet S, Rodríguez-Herreros B, Nielsen JA, Moreau C, Modenato C, Maillard AM, Pain A, Richetin S, Jønch AE, Qureshi AY, Zürcher NR, Conus P, Chung WK, Sherr EH, Spiro JE, Kherif F, Beckmann JS, Hadjikhani N, Reymond A, Buckner RL, Draganski B, Jacquemont S, Arveiler B, Baujat G, Sloan-Béna F, Belfiore M, Bonneau D, Bouquillon S, Boute O, Brusco A, Busa T, Caberg JH, Campion D, Colombert V, Cordier MP, David A, Debray FG, Delrue MA, Doco-Fenzy M, Dunkhase-Heinl U, Edery P, Fagerberg C, Faivre L, Forzano F, Genevieve D, Gérard M, Giachino D, Guichet A, Guillin O, Héron D, Isidor B, Jacquette A, Jaillard S, Journel H, Keren B, Lacombe D, Lebon S, Le Caignec C, Lemaître MP, Lespinasse J, Mathieu-Dramart M, Mercier S, Mignot C, Missirian C, Petit F, Pilekær Sørensen K, Pinson L, Plessis G, Prieur F, Rooryck-Thambo C, Rossi M, Sanlaville D, Schlott Kristiansen B, Schluth-Bolard C, Till M, Van Haelst M, Van Maldergem L, Alupay H, Aaronson B, Ackerman S, Ankenman K, Anwar A, Atwell C, Bowe A, Beaudet AL, Benedetti M, Berg J, Berman J, Berry LN, Bibb AL, Blaskey L, Brennan J, Brewton CM, Buckner R, Bukshpun P, Burko J, Cali P, Cerban B, Chang Y, Cheong M, Chow V, Chu Z, Chudnovskaya D, Cornew L, Dale C, Dell J, Dempsey AG, Deschamps T, Earl R, Edgar J, Elgin J, Olson JE, Evans YL, Findlay A, Fischbach GD, Fisk C, Fregeau B, Gaetz B, Gaetz L, Garza S, Gerdts J, Glenn O, Gobuty SE, Golembski R, Greenup M, Heiken K, Hines K, Hinkley L, Jackson FI, Jenkins J, Jeremy RJ, Johnson K, Kanne SM, Kessler S, Khan SY, Ku M, Kuschner E, Laakman AL, Lam P, Lasala MW, Lee H, LaGuerre K, Levy S, Cavanagh AL, Llorens AV, Campe KL, Luks TL, Marco EJ, Martin S, Martin AJ, Marzano G, Masson C, McGovern KE, McNally Keehn R, Miller DT, Miller FK, Moss TJ, Murray R, Nagarajan SS, Nowell KP, Owen J, Paal AM, Packer A, Page PZ, Paul BM, Peters A, Peterson D, Poduri A, Pojman NJ, Porche K, Proud MB, Qasmieh S, Ramocki MB, Reilly B, Roberts TP, Shaw D, Sinha T, Smith-Packard B, Gallagher AS, Swarnakar V, Thieu T, Triantafallou C, Vaughan R, Wakahiro M, Wallace A, Ward T, Wenegrat J, Wolken A. Quantifying the Effects of 16p11.2 Copy Number Variants on Brain Structure: A Multisite Genetic-First Study. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:253-264. [PMID: 29778275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 16p11.2 breakpoint 4 to 5 copy number variants (CNVs) increase the risk for developing autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and language and cognitive impairment. In this multisite study, we aimed to quantify the effect of 16p11.2 CNVs on brain structure. METHODS Using voxel- and surface-based brain morphometric methods, we analyzed structural magnetic resonance imaging collected at seven sites from 78 individuals with a deletion, 71 individuals with a duplication, and 212 individuals without a CNV. RESULTS Beyond the 16p11.2-related mirror effect on global brain morphometry, we observe regional mirror differences in the insula (deletion > control > duplication). Other regions are preferentially affected by either the deletion or the duplication: the calcarine cortex and transverse temporal gyrus (deletion > control; Cohen's d > 1), the superior and middle temporal gyri (deletion < control; Cohen's d < -1), and the caudate and hippocampus (control > duplication; -0.5 > Cohen's d > -1). Measures of cognition, language, and social responsiveness and the presence of psychiatric diagnoses do not influence these results. CONCLUSIONS The global and regional effects on brain morphometry due to 16p11.2 CNVs generalize across site, computational method, age, and sex. Effect sizes on neuroimaging and cognitive traits are comparable. Findings partially overlap with results of meta-analyses performed across psychiatric disorders. However, the lack of correlation between morphometric and clinical measures suggests that CNV-associated brain changes contribute to clinical manifestations but require additional factors for the development of the disorder. These findings highlight the power of genetic risk factors as a complement to studying groups defined by behavioral criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martin-Brevet
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie, Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Borja Rodríguez-Herreros
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jared A Nielsen
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clara Moreau
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Claudia Modenato
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie, Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne M Maillard
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre Cantonal Autisme, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Pain
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre Cantonal Autisme, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Richetin
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aia E Jønch
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abid Y Qureshi
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Nicole R Zürcher
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philippe Conus
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Wendy K Chung
- Simons Foundation, New York, New York; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Elliott H Sherr
- Department of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Ferath Kherif
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie, Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques S Beckmann
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nouchine Hadjikhani
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neuroimagerie, Département des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Service of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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8
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Fitzner J, Qasmieh S, Mounts AW, Alexander B, Besselaar T, Briand S, Brown C, Clark S, Dueger E, Gross D, Hauge S, Hirve S, Jorgensen P, Katz MA, Mafi A, Malik M, McCarron M, Meerhoff T, Mori Y, Mott J, Olivera MTDC, Ortiz JR, Palekar R, Rebelo-de-Andrade H, Soetens L, Yahaya AA, Zhang W, Vandemaele K. Revision of clinical case definitions: influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infection. Bull World Health Organ 2017; 96:122-128. [PMID: 29403115 PMCID: PMC5791775 DOI: 10.2471/blt.17.194514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The formulation of accurate clinical case definitions is an integral part of an effective process of public health surveillance. Although such definitions should, ideally, be based on a standardized and fixed collection of defining criteria, they often require revision to reflect new knowledge of the condition involved and improvements in diagnostic testing. Optimal case definitions also need to have a balance of sensitivity and specificity that reflects their intended use. After the 2009-2010 H1N1 influenza pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) initiated a technical consultation on global influenza surveillance. This prompted improvements in the sensitivity and specificity of the case definition for influenza - i.e. a respiratory disease that lacks uniquely defining symptomology. The revision process not only modified the definition of influenza-like illness, to include a simplified list of the criteria shown to be most predictive of influenza infection, but also clarified the language used for the definition, to enhance interpretability. To capture severe cases of influenza that required hospitalization, a new case definition was also developed for severe acute respiratory infection in all age groups. The new definitions have been found to capture more cases without compromising specificity. Despite the challenge still posed in the clinical separation of influenza from other respiratory infections, the global use of the new WHO case definitions should help determine global trends in the characteristics and transmission of influenza viruses and the associated disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fitzner
- Infectious Hazard Management, World Health Organization, avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Saba Qasmieh
- Infectious Hazard Management, World Health Organization, avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Wayne Mounts
- Infectious Hazard Management, World Health Organization, avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Burmaa Alexander
- National Centre for Communicable Diseases, Ulaanbataar, Mongolia
| | - Terry Besselaar
- Infectious Hazard Management, World Health Organization, avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Briand
- Infectious Hazard Management, World Health Organization, avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Brown
- Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Seth Clark
- Infectious Hazard Management, World Health Organization, avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Erica Dueger
- Western Pacific Regional Office, World Health Organization, Manila, Philippines
| | - Diane Gross
- Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siri Hauge
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siddhivinayak Hirve
- Infectious Hazard Management, World Health Organization, avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Pernille Jorgensen
- Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark A Katz
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America (USA)
| | - Ali Mafi
- Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mamunur Malik
- Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Margaret McCarron
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, United States of America (USA)
| | - Tamara Meerhoff
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Yuichiro Mori
- Infectious Hazard Management, World Health Organization, avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Joshua Mott
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Kenya Office, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Justin R Ortiz
- Infectious Hazard Management, World Health Organization, avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Rakhee Palekar
- Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization, Washington, USA
| | | | - Loes Soetens
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Ali Ahmed Yahaya
- Regional Office for Africa, World Health Organization, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Infectious Hazard Management, World Health Organization, avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
| | - Katelijn Vandemaele
- Infectious Hazard Management, World Health Organization, avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland
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9
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Edgar JC, Khan SY, Blaskey L, Chow VY, Rey M, Gaetz W, Cannon KM, Monroe JF, Cornew L, Qasmieh S, Liu S, Welsh JP, Levy SE, Roberts TPL. Neuromagnetic oscillations predict evoked-response latency delays and core language deficits in autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2015; 45:395-405. [PMID: 23963591 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have observed evoked response latency as well as gamma band superior temporal gyrus (STG) auditory abnormalities in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A limitation of these studies is that associations between these two abnormalities, as well as the full extent of oscillatory phenomena in ASD in terms of frequency and time, have not been examined. Subjects were presented pure tones at 200, 300, 500, and 1,000 Hz while magnetoencephalography assessed activity in STG auditory areas in a sample of 105 children with ASD and 36 typically developing controls (TD). Findings revealed a profile such that auditory STG processes in ASD were characterized by pre-stimulus abnormalities across multiple frequencies, then early high-frequency abnormalities followed by low-frequency abnormalities. Increased pre-stimulus activity was a 'core' abnormality, with pre-stimulus activity predicting post-stimulus neural abnormalities, group membership, and clinical symptoms (CELF-4 Core Language Index). Deficits in synaptic integration in the auditory cortex are associated with oscillatory abnormalities in ASD as well as patient symptoms. Increased pre-stimulus activity in ASD likely demonstrates a fundamental signal-to-noise deficit in individuals with ASD, with elevations in oscillatory activity suggesting an inability to maintain an appropriate 'neural tone' and an inability to rapidly return to a resting state prior to the next stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher Edgar
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Wood Bldg, Suite 2115, 34th St. and Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,
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10
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Jenkins J, Chow V, Blaskey L, Kuschner E, Qasmieh S, Gaetz L, Edgar JC, Mukherjee P, Buckner R, Nagarajan SS, Chung WK, Spiro JE, Sherr EH, Berman JI, Roberts TPL. Auditory Evoked M100 Response Latency is Delayed in Children with 16p11.2 Deletion but not 16p11.2 Duplication. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:1957-64. [PMID: 25678630 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with the 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 copy number variant (CNV) exhibit a range of behavioral phenotypes that may include mild impairment in cognition and clinical diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To better understand auditory processing impairments in populations with this chromosomal variation, auditory evoked responses were examined in children with the 16p11.2 deletion, 16p11.2 duplication, and age-matched controls. Stimuli consisted of sinusoidal binaural tones presented passively while children underwent recording with magnetoencephalography (MEG). The primary indicator of auditory processing impairment was the latency of the ∼100-ms "M100" auditory response detected by MEG, with the 16p11.2 deletion population exhibiting profoundly delayed M100 latencies relative to controls. This delay remained even after controlling for potential confounds such as age and cognitive ability. No significant difference in M100 latency was observed between 16p11.2 duplication carriers and controls. Additionally, children meeting diagnostic criteria for ASD (16p11.2 deletion carriers) exhibited nonsignificant latency delays when compared with the corresponding CNV carriers not meeting criteria for ASD. Present results indicate that 16p11.2 deletion is associated with auditory processing delays analogous to (but substantially more pronounced than) those previously reported in "idiopathic" ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Jenkins
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vivian Chow
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emily Kuschner
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Saba Qasmieh
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leah Gaetz
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J Christopher Edgar
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Randall Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Elliott H Sherr
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Berman
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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11
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Edgar JC, Lanza MR, Daina AB, Monroe JF, Khan SY, Blaskey L, Cannon KM, Jenkins J, Qasmieh S, Levy SE, Roberts TPL. Missing and delayed auditory responses in young and older children with autism spectrum disorders. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:417. [PMID: 24936181 PMCID: PMC4047517 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The development of left and right superior temporal gyrus (STG) 50 ms (M50) and 100 ms (M100) auditory responses in typically developing (TD) children and in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was examined. Reflecting differential development of primary/secondary auditory areas and supporting previous studies, it was hypothesized that whereas left and right M50 STG responses would be observed equally often in younger and older children, left and right M100 STG responses would more often be absent in younger than older children. In ASD, delayed neurodevelopment would be indicated via the observation of a greater proportion of ASD than TD subjects showing missing M100 but not M50 responses in both age groups. Missing M100 responses would be observed primarily in children with ASD with language impairment (ASD + LI) (and perhaps concomitantly lower general cognitive abilities). Methods: Thirty-five TD controls, 63 ASD without language impairment (ASD − LI), and 38 ASD + LI were recruited. Binaural tones were presented. The presence or absence of a STG M50 and M100 was scored. Subjects were grouped into younger (6–10 years old) and older groups (11–15 years old). Results: Although M50 responses were observed equally often in older and younger subjects and equally often in TD and ASD, left and right M50 responses were delayed in ASD − LI and ASD + LI. Group comparisons showed that in younger subjects M100 responses were observed more often in TD than ASD + LI (90 versus 66%, p = 0.04), with no differences between TD and ASD − LI (90 versus 76%, p = 0.14) or between ASD − LI and ASD + LI (76 versus 66%, p = 0.53). In older subjects, whereas no differences were observed between TD and ASD + LI, responses were observed more often in ASD − LI than ASD + LI. Findings were similar when splitting the ASD group into lower- and higher-cognitive functioning groups. Conclusion: Although present in all groups, M50 responses were delayed in ASD. Examining the TD data, findings indicated that by 11 years, a right M100 should be observed in 100% of subjects and a left M100 in 80% of subjects. Thus, by 11 years, lack of a left and especially right M100 offers neurobiological insight into sensory processing that may underlie language or cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christopher Edgar
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundation MEG Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Matthew R Lanza
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundation MEG Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Aleksandra B Daina
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundation MEG Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Justin F Monroe
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundation MEG Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Sarah Y Khan
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundation MEG Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundation MEG Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA ; Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Katelyn M Cannon
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundation MEG Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Julian Jenkins
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundation MEG Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Saba Qasmieh
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundation MEG Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA ; Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Susan E Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Lurie Family Foundation MEG Imaging Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
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12
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Roberts TPL, Lanza MR, Dell J, Qasmieh S, Hines K, Blaskey L, Zarnow DM, Levy SE, Edgar JC, Berman JI. Maturational differences in thalamocortical white matter microstructure and auditory evoked response latencies in autism spectrum disorders. Brain Res 2013; 1537:79-85. [PMID: 24055954 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
White matter diffusion anisotropy in the acoustic radiations was characterized as a function of development in autistic and typically developing children. Auditory-evoked neuromagnetic fields were also recorded from the same individuals and the latency of the left and right middle latency superior temporal gyrus auditory ~50ms response (M50)(1) was measured. Group differences in structural and functional auditory measures were examined, as were group differences in associations between white matter pathways, M50 latency, and age. Acoustic radiation white matter fractional anisotropy did not differ between groups. Individuals with autism displayed a significant M50 latency delay. Only in typically developing controls, white matter fractional anisotropy increased with age and increased white matter anisotropy was associated with earlier M50 responses. M50 latency, however, decreased with age in both groups. Present findings thus indicate that although there is loss of a relationship between white matter structure and auditory cortex function in autism spectrum disorders, and although there are delayed auditory responses in individuals with autism than compared with age-matched controls, M50 latency nevertheless decreases as a function of age in autism, parallel to the observation in typically developing controls (although with an overall latency delay). To understand auditory latency delays in autism and changes in auditory responses as a function of age in controls and autism, studies examining white matter as well as other factors that influence auditory latency, such as synaptic transmission, are of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundation's MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Wood Building, Suite 2115, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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13
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Nagae LM, Zarnow DM, Blaskey L, Dell J, Khan SY, Qasmieh S, Levy SE, Roberts TPL. Elevated mean diffusivity in the left hemisphere superior longitudinal fasciculus in autism spectrum disorders increases with more profound language impairment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 33:1720-5. [PMID: 22492573 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Language impairments are observed in a subset of individuals with ASD. To examine microstructural brain white matter features associated with language ability in ASD, we measured the DTI parameters of language-related white matter tracts (SLF) as well as non-language-related white matter tracts (CST) in children with ASD/+LI and ASD/-LI) and in TD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen children with ASD/-LI (age range, 6.7-17.5 years), 17 with ASD/+LI (age range, 6.8-14.8 years), and 25 TD (age range, 6.5-18 years) were evaluated with DTI and tractography. Primary DTI parameters considered for analysis were MD and FA. RESULTS There was a main effect of diagnostic group on age-corrected MD (P < .05) with ASD/+LI significantly elevated compared with TD. This was most pronounced for left hemisphere SLF fiber tracts and for the temporal portion of the SLF. There was significant negative correlation between left hemisphere SLF MD values and the clinical assessment of language ability. There was no main effect of diagnostic group or diagnostic group X hemisphere interaction for FA. Although there was a main effect of diagnostic group on values of MD in the CST, this did not survive hemispheric subanalysis. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal DTI parameters (specifically significantly elevated MD values in ASD) of the SLF appear to be associated with language impairment in ASD. These elevations are particularly pronounced in the left cerebral hemisphere, in the temporal portion of the SLF, and in children with clinical language impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Nagae
- Department. of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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14
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Roberts TPL, Khan SY, Rey M, Monroe JF, Cannon K, Blaskey L, Woldoff S, Qasmieh S, Gandal M, Schmidt GL, Zarnow DM, Levy SE, Edgar JC. MEG detection of delayed auditory evoked responses in autism spectrum disorders: towards an imaging biomarker for autism. Autism Res 2010; 3:8-18. [PMID: 20063319 DOI: 10.1002/aur.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Motivated by auditory and speech deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), the frequency dependence of superior temporal gyrus (STG) 50 msec (M50) and 100 msec (M100) neuromagnetic auditory evoked field responses in children with ASD and typically developing controls were evaluated. Whole-cortex magnetoencephalography (MEG) was obtained from 17 typically developing children and 25 children with ASD. Subjects were presented tones with frequencies of 200, 300, 500, and 1,000 Hz, and left and right STG M50 and M100 STG activity was examined. No M50 latency or amplitude Group differences were observed. In the right hemisphere, a Group x Frequency ANOVA on M100 latency produced a main effect for Group (P=0.01), with an average M100 latency delay of 11 msec in children with ASD. In addition, only in the control group was the expected association of earlier M100 latencies in older than younger children observed. Group latency differences remained significant when hierarchical regression analyses partialed out M100 variance associated with age, IQ, and language ability (all P-values <0.05). Examining the right-hemisphere 500 Hz condition (where the largest latency differences were observed), a sensitivity of 75%, a specificity of 81%, and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 86% was obtained at a threshold of 116 msec. The M100 latency delay indicates disruption of encoding simple sensory information. Given similar findings in language impaired and non-language impaired ASD subjects, a right-hemisphere M100 latency delay appears to be an electrophysiological endophenotype for autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P L Roberts
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th St. and Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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15
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Cannon KM, Edgar JC, Monroe JF, Khan SY, Rey MM, Woldoff S, Blaskey L, Ahmadinejad T, Qasmieh S, Zarnow D, Dell J, Magee R, Levy S, Roberts TPL. Magnetic Mismatch Field Latency Response as a Neuromagnetic Biomarker of Language Impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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