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Cho I, Leger KR, Valoumas I, Mair RW, Goh JOS, Gutchess A. Effects of Age on Cross-Cultural Differences in the Neural Correlates of Memory Retrieval. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.25.591227. [PMID: 38712235 PMCID: PMC11071622 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.25.591227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Culture can shape memory, but little research investigates age effects. The present study examines the neural correlates of memory retrieval for old, new, and similar lures in younger and older Americans and Taiwanese. Results show that age and culture impact discrimination of old from new items. Taiwanese performed worse than Americans, with age effects more pronounced for Taiwanese. Americans activated the hippocampus for new more than old items, but pattern of activity for the conditions did not differ for Taiwanese, nor did it interact with age. The engagement of left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) differed across cultures. Patterns of greater activity for old (for Americans) or new (for Taiwanese) items were eliminated with age, particularly for older Americans. The results are interpreted as reflecting cultural differences in orientation to novelty vs. familiarity for younger, but not older, adults, with the LIFG supporting interference resolution at retrieval. Support is not as strong for cultural differences in pattern separation processes. Although Americans had higher levels of memory discrimination than Taiwanese and engaged the LIFG for correct rejections more than false alarms, the patterns of behavior and neural activity did not interact with culture and age. Neither culture nor age impacted hippocampal activity, which is surprising given the region's role in pattern separation. The findings suggest ways in which cultural life experiences and concomitant information processing strategies can contribute to consistent effects of age across cultures or contribute to different trajectories with age in terms of memory.
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Leger KR, Cho I, Valoumas I, Schwartz D, Mair RW, Goh JOS, Gutchess A. Cross-cultural comparison of the neural correlates of true and false memory retrieval. Memory 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38266009 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2024.2307923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Prior work has shown Americans have higher levels of memory specificity than East Asians. Neuroimaging studies have not investigated mechanisms that account for cultural differences at retrieval. In this study, we use fMRI to assess whether mnemonic discrimination, distinguishing novel from previously encountered stimuli, accounts for cultural differences in memory. Fifty-five American and 55 Taiwanese young adults completed an object recognition paradigm testing discrimination of old targets, similar lures and novel foils. Mnemonic discrimination was tested by comparing discrimination of similar lures from studied targets, and results showed the relationship between activity in left fusiform gyrus and behavioural discrimination between target and lure objects differed across cultural groups. Parametric modulation analyses of activity during lure correct rejections also indicated that groups differed in left superior parietal cortex response to variations in lure similarity. Additional analyses of old vs. new activity indicated that Americans and Taiwanese differ in the neural activity supporting general object recognition in the hippocampus, left inferior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus. Results are juxtaposed against comparisons of the regions activated in common across the two cultures. Overall, Americans and Taiwanese differ in the extent to which they recruit visual processing and attention modulating brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal R Leger
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Isu Cho
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Ross W Mair
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua Oon Soo Goh
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Sciences Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Center of Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Robotics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Angela Gutchess
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
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Elliott ML, Nielsen JA, Hanford LC, Hamadeh A, Hilbert T, Kober T, Dickerson BC, Hyman BT, Mair RW, Eldaief MC, Buckner RL. Precision Brain Morphometry Using Cluster Scanning. medRxiv 2023:2023.12.23.23300492. [PMID: 38234845 PMCID: PMC10793507 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.23.23300492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Measurement error limits the statistical power to detect group differences and longitudinal change in structural MRI morphometric measures (e.g., hippocampal volume, prefrontal thickness). Recent advances in scan acceleration enable extremely fast T1-weighted scans (~1 minute) to achieve morphometric errors that are close to the errors in longer traditional scans. As acceleration allows multiple scans to be acquired in rapid succession, it becomes possible to pool estimates to increase measurement precision, a strategy known as "cluster scanning." Here we explored brain morphometry using cluster scanning in a test-retest study of 40 individuals (12 younger adults, 18 cognitively unimpaired older adults, and 10 adults diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's Dementia). Morphometric errors from a single compressed sensing (CS) 1.0mm scan with 6x acceleration (CSx6) were, on average, 12% larger than a traditional scan using the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) protocol. Pooled estimates from four clustered CSx6 acquisitions led to errors that were 34% smaller than ADNI despite having a shorter total acquisition time. Given a fixed amount of time, a gain in measurement precision can thus be achieved by acquiring multiple rapid scans instead of a single traditional scan. Errors were further reduced when estimates were pooled from eight CSx6 scans (51% smaller than ADNI). Neither pooling across a break nor pooling across multiple scan resolutions boosted this benefit. We discuss the potential of cluster scanning to improve morphometric precision, boost statistical power, and produce more sensitive disease progression biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell L Elliott
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jared A Nielsen
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Lindsay C Hanford
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Aya Hamadeh
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Tom Hilbert
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthineers International AG, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kober
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthineers International AG, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School
| | - Ross W Mair
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
| | - Mark C Eldaief
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Elliott ML, Hanford LC, Hamadeh A, Hilbert T, Kober T, Dickerson BC, Mair RW, Eldaief MC, Buckner RL. Brain morphometry in older adults with and without dementia using extremely rapid structural scans. Neuroimage 2023; 276:120173. [PMID: 37201641 PMCID: PMC10330834 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
T1-weighted structural MRI is widely used to measure brain morphometry (e.g., cortical thickness and subcortical volumes). Accelerated scans as fast as one minute or less are now available but it is unclear if they are adequate for quantitative morphometry. Here we compared the measurement properties of a widely adopted 1.0 mm resolution scan from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI = 5'12'') with two variants of highly accelerated 1.0 mm scans (compressed-sensing, CSx6 = 1'12''; and wave-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging, WAVEx9 = 1'09'') in a test-retest study of 37 older adults aged 54 to 86 (including 19 individuals diagnosed with a neurodegenerative dementia). Rapid scans produced highly reliable morphometric measures that largely matched the quality of morphometrics derived from the ADNI scan. Regions of lower reliability and relative divergence between ADNI and rapid scan alternatives tended to occur in midline regions and regions with susceptibility-induced artifacts. Critically, the rapid scans yielded morphometric measures similar to the ADNI scan in regions of high atrophy. The results converge to suggest that, for many current uses, extremely rapid scans can replace longer scans. As a final test, we explored the possibility of a 0'49'' 1.2 mm CSx6 structural scan, which also showed promise. Rapid structural scans may benefit MRI studies by shortening the scan session and reducing cost, minimizing opportunity for movement, creating room for additional scan sequences, and allowing for the repetition of structural scans to increase precision of the estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell L Elliott
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Northwest Laboratory 280.10, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Lindsay C Hanford
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Northwest Laboratory 280.10, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Aya Hamadeh
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tom Hilbert
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthineers International AG, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kober
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthineers International AG, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ross W Mair
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Northwest Laboratory 280.10, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
| | - Mark C Eldaief
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Northwest Laboratory 280.10, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Zhang W, Andrews-Hanna JR, Mair RW, Goh JOS, Gutchess A. Functional connectivity with medial temporal regions differs across cultures during post-encoding rest. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2022; 22:1334-1348. [PMID: 35896854 PMCID: PMC9703377 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-01027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Connectivity of the brain at rest can reflect individual differences and impact behavioral outcomes, including memory. The present study investigated how culture influences functional connectivity with regions of the medial temporal lobe. In this study, 46 Americans and 59 East Asians completed a resting state scan after encoding pictures of objects. To investigate cross-cultural differences in resting state functional connectivity, left parahippocampal gyrus (anterior and posterior regions) and left hippocampus were selected as seed regions. These regions were selected, because they were previously implicated in a study of cultural differences during the successful encoding of detailed memories. Results revealed that left posterior parahippocampal gyrus had stronger connectivity with temporo-occipital regions for East Asians compared with Americans and stronger connectivity with parieto-occipital regions for Americans compared with East Asians. Left anterior parahippocampal gyrus had stronger connectivity with temporal regions for East Asians than Americans and stronger connectivity with frontal regions for Americans than East Asians. Although connectivity did not relate to memory performance, patterns did relate to cultural values. The degree of independent self-construal and subjective value of tradition were associated with functional connectivity involving left anterior parahippocampal gyrus. Findings are discussed in terms of potential cultural differences in memory consolidation or more general trait or state-based processes, such as holistic versus analytic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanbing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, MS 062, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Jessica R Andrews-Hanna
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Cognitive Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ross W Mair
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Joshua Oon Soo Goh
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Center of Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Robotics, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Angela Gutchess
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, MS 062, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA.
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Lee CY, Chen CC, Mair RW, Gutchess A, Goh JOS. Culture-related differences in the neural processing of probability during mixed lottery value-based decision-making. Biol Psychol 2021; 166:108209. [PMID: 34673148 PMCID: PMC8643324 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated how differences in economic risk-taking in Westerners and East Asians reflect cultural differences in the analytic or holistic processing of probabilistic outcomes during value-based decisions. Twenty-seven Americans (US) and 51 Taiwanese (TW) young adults completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Lottery Choice Task (LCT) experiment. Participants accepted or rejected stakes with varying probabilities of winning or losing different magnitudes of points. TW participants accepted more stakes when win probabilities were > 0.50, whereas US participants reduced their acceptance rates of winning stakes more discriminately as win probabilities decreased. Both groups rejected losing stakes (win probabilities < 0.50) with similar frequency. Critically, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) responses correspondingly showed greater discrimination between win probability conditions in US than TW groups. Our findings highlight a neurocognitive mechanism in the VMPFC for how cultural differences in distinguishing between probabilistic reward outcomes shape neural computations of risk and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Lee
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ross W Mair
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Angela Gutchess
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA; Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Joshua Oon Soo Goh
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Robotics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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7
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Harms MP, Somerville LH, Ances BM, Andersson J, Barch DM, Bastiani M, Bookheimer SY, Brown TB, Buckner RL, Burgess GC, Coalson TS, Chappell MA, Dapretto M, Douaud G, Fischl B, Glasser MF, Greve DN, Hodge C, Jamison KW, Jbabdi S, Kandala S, Li X, Mair RW, Mangia S, Marcus D, Mascali D, Moeller S, Nichols TE, Robinson EC, Salat DH, Smith SM, Sotiropoulos SN, Terpstra M, Thomas KM, Tisdall MD, Ugurbil K, van der Kouwe A, Woods RP, Zöllei L, Van Essen DC, Yacoub E. Extending the Human Connectome Project across ages: Imaging protocols for the Lifespan Development and Aging projects. Neuroimage 2018; 183:972-984. [PMID: 30261308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human Connectome Projects in Development (HCP-D) and Aging (HCP-A) are two large-scale brain imaging studies that will extend the recently completed HCP Young-Adult (HCP-YA) project to nearly the full lifespan, collecting structural, resting-state fMRI, task-fMRI, diffusion, and perfusion MRI in participants from 5 to 100+ years of age. HCP-D is enrolling 1300+ healthy children, adolescents, and young adults (ages 5-21), and HCP-A is enrolling 1200+ healthy adults (ages 36-100+), with each study collecting longitudinal data in a subset of individuals at particular age ranges. The imaging protocols of the HCP-D and HCP-A studies are very similar, differing primarily in the selection of different task-fMRI paradigms. We strove to harmonize the imaging protocol to the greatest extent feasible with the completed HCP-YA (1200+ participants, aged 22-35), but some imaging-related changes were motivated or necessitated by hardware changes, the need to reduce the total amount of scanning per participant, and/or the additional challenges of working with young and elderly populations. Here, we provide an overview of the common HCP-D/A imaging protocol including data and rationales for protocol decisions and changes relative to HCP-YA. The result will be a large, rich, multi-modal, and freely available set of consistently acquired data for use by the scientific community to investigate and define normative developmental and aging related changes in the healthy human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Leah H Somerville
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Beau M Ances
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jesper Andersson
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matteo Bastiani
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan Y Bookheimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy B Brown
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory C Burgess
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy S Coalson
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael A Chappell
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mirella Dapretto
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gwenaëlle Douaud
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew F Glasser
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; St. Luke's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Douglas N Greve
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia Hodge
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Keith W Jamison
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saad Jbabdi
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sridhar Kandala
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiufeng Li
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ross W Mair
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Silvia Mangia
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Marcus
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniele Mascali
- Centro Fermi - Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Rome, Italy
| | - Steen Moeller
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Emma C Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David H Salat
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stamatios N Sotiropoulos
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Melissa Terpstra
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kathleen M Thomas
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M Dylan Tisdall
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kamil Ugurbil
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andre van der Kouwe
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roger P Woods
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lilla Zöllei
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Van Essen
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Castillo ER, Hsu C, Mair RW, Lieberman DE. Testing biomechanical models of human lumbar lordosis variability. Am J Phys Anthropol 2017; 163:110-121. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Castillo
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts 02138
| | - Connie Hsu
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts 02138
| | - Ross W. Mair
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts 02138
| | - Daniel E. Lieberman
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts 02138
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9
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Holmes AJ, Hollinshead MO, O'Keefe TM, Petrov VI, Fariello GR, Wald LL, Fischl B, Rosen BR, Mair RW, Roffman JL, Smoller JW, Buckner RL. Brain Genomics Superstruct Project initial data release with structural, functional, and behavioral measures. Sci Data 2015; 2:150031. [PMID: 26175908 PMCID: PMC4493828 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2015.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of the Brain Genomics Superstruct Project (GSP) is to enable large-scale exploration of the links between brain function, behavior, and ultimately genetic variation. To provide the broader scientific community data to probe these associations, a repository of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans linked to genetic information was constructed from a sample of healthy individuals. The initial release, detailed in the present manuscript, encompasses quality screened cross-sectional data from 1,570 participants ages 18 to 35 years who were scanned with MRI and completed demographic and health questionnaires. Personality and cognitive measures were obtained on a subset of participants. Each dataset contains a T1-weighted structural MRI scan and either one (n=1,570) or two (n=1,139) resting state functional MRI scans. Test-retest reliability datasets are included from 69 participants scanned within six months of their initial visit. For the majority of participants self-report behavioral and cognitive measures are included (n=926 and n=892 respectively). Analyses of data quality, structure, function, personality, and cognition are presented to demonstrate the dataset’s utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avram J Holmes
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; Department of Psychology, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02114, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Marisa O Hollinshead
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; Department of Psychology, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Timothy M O'Keefe
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Victor I Petrov
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Gabriele R Fariello
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lawrence L Wald
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bruce R Rosen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ross W Mair
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Joshua L Roffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02114, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; Department of Psychology, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02114, USA ; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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10
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Aptekar JW, Cassidy MC, Johnson AC, Barton RA, Lee M, Ogier AC, Vo C, Anahtar MN, Ren Y, Bhatia SN, Ramanathan C, Cory DG, Hill AL, Mair RW, Rosen MS, Walsworth RL, Marcus CM. Silicon nanoparticles as hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging agents. ACS Nano 2009; 3:4003-8. [PMID: 19950973 PMCID: PMC4083556 DOI: 10.1021/nn900996p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging of hyperpolarized nuclei provides high image contrast with little or no background signal. To date, in vivo applications of prehyperpolarized materials have been limited by relatively short nuclear spin relaxation times. Here, we investigate silicon nanoparticles as a new type of hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging agent. Nuclear spin relaxation times for a variety of Si nanoparticles are found to be remarkably long, ranging from many minutes to hours at room temperature, allowing hyperpolarized nanoparticles to be transported, administered, and imaged on practical time scales. Additionally, we demonstrate that Si nanoparticles can be surface functionalized using techniques common to other biologically targeted nanoparticle systems. These results suggest that Si nanoparticles can be used as a targetable, hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging agent with a large range of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W. Aptekar
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Maja C. Cassidy
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | - Robert A. Barton
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Menyoung Lee
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Alexander C. Ogier
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Chinh Vo
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Melis N. Anahtar
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology E19-502D Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yin Ren
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology E19-502D Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sangeeta N. Bhatia
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology E19-502D Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Division of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Chandrasekhar Ramanathan
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David G. Cory
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alison L. Hill
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS 59, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ross W. Mair
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS 59, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Matthew S. Rosen
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS 59, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ronald L. Walsworth
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS 59, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Charles M. Marcus
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Perry JA, Lévesque CM, Suntharaligam P, Mair RW, Bu M, Cline RT, Peterson SN, Cvitkovitch DG. Involvement of Streptococcus mutans regulator RR11 in oxidative stress response during biofilm growth and in the development of genetic competence. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 47:439-44. [PMID: 19146535 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2008.02455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify the genes regulated by RR11, the regulator of the Streptococcus mutans HK/RR11 two-component system. METHODS AND RESULTS The S. mutans RR11-encoding gene was inactivated, and the effects of gene disruption on the cell's ability to form biofilms under stresses and acquire extracellular DNA were tested. Biofilm was reduced in cells lacking RR11 following exposure to oxidative stress. RR11-defective cells showed approx. 20-fold reduction in transformation efficiency. Microarray used to decipher the RR11-regulated genes in biofilm showed that approx. 5% of the UA159 genome underwent a significant change in expression. RR11 was found to regulate 174 genes, including genes involved in competence, stress-response and cell division. CONCLUSIONS Target genes controlled by RR11during biofilm growth have been identified by a comparison of transcriptional profiles between an RR11 defective mutant and the parental strain. The results demonstrated that RR11 is involved in the control of diverse cellular processes, including the formation of biofilm under oxidative stress and development of genetic competence. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The regulator of HK/RR11 system controls a large regulon and is an important regulator involved in stress response during S. mutans biofilm growth enabling the survival and persistence of its progeny in the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Perry
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Tsai LL, Mair RW, Li CH, Rosen MS, Patz S, Walsworth RL. Posture-dependent human 3He lung imaging in an open-access MRI system: initial results. Acad Radiol 2008; 15:728-39. [PMID: 18486009 PMCID: PMC2474800 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2007.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Revised: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The human lung and its functions are extremely sensitive to orientation and posture, and debate continues as to the role of gravity and the surrounding anatomy in determining lung function and heterogeneity of perfusion and ventilation. However, study of these effects is difficult. The conventional high-field magnets used for most hyperpolarized (3)He magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the human lung, and most other common radiologic imaging modalities including positron emission tomography and computed tomography, restrict subjects to lying horizontally, minimizing most gravitational effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this article, we review the motivation for posture-dependent studies of human lung function and present initial imaging results of human lungs in the supine and vertical body orientations using inhaled hyperpolarized (3)He gas and an open-access MRI instrument. The open geometry of this MRI system features a "walk-in" capability that permits subjects to be imaged in vertical and horizontal positions and potentially allows for complete rotation of the orientation of the imaging subject in a two-dimensional plane. RESULTS Initial results include two-dimensional lung images acquired with approximately 4 x 8 mm in-plane resolution and three-dimensional images with approximately 2-cm slice thickness. CONCLUSIONS Effects of posture variation are observed, including posture-related effects of the diaphragm and distension of the lungs while vertical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo L Tsai
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St, MS 59, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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13
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Lévesque CM, Mair RW, Perry JA, Lau PCY, Li YH, Cvitkovitch DG. Systemic inactivation and phenotypic characterization of two-component systems in expression of Streptococcus mutans virulence properties. Lett Appl Microbiol 2007; 45:398-404. [PMID: 17897382 PMCID: PMC2062497 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2007.02203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess potential function of each two-component signal transduction system in the expression of Streptococcus mutans virulence properties. METHODS AND RESULTS For each two-component system (TCS), the histidine kinase-encoding gene was inactivated by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based deletion strategy and the effects of gene disruption on the cell's ability to form biofilms, become competent, and tolerate acid, osmotic, and oxidative stress conditions were tested. Our results demonstrated that none of the mutations were lethal for S. mutans. The TCS-2 (CiaRH) is involved in biofilm formation and tolerance to environmental stresses, the TCS-3 (ScnRK-like) participates in the survival of cells at acidic pH, and the TCS-9 affects the acid tolerance response and the process of streptococcal competence development. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed the physiological role of the TCS in S. mutans cellular function, in particular the SncRK-like TCS and TCS-9 as they may represent new regulatory systems than can be involved in S. mutans pathogenesis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Multiple TCS govern important biological parameters of S. mutans enabling its survival and persistence in the biofilm community.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Lévesque
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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14
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Ruset IC, Tsai LL, Mair RW, Patz S, Hrovat MI, Rosen MS, Muradian I, Ng J, Topulos GP, Butler JP, Walsworth RL, Hersman FW. A System for Open-Access He Human Lung Imaging at Very Low Field. Concepts Magn Reson Part B Magn Reson Eng 2006; 29:210-221. [PMID: 20354575 PMCID: PMC2846659 DOI: 10.1002/cmr.b.20075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe a prototype system built to allow open-access very-low-field MRI of human lungs using laser-polarized (3)He gas. The system employs an open four-coil electromagnet with an operational B(0) field of 4 mT, and planar gradient coils that generate gradient fields up to 0.18 G/cm in the x and y direction and 0.41 G/cm in the z direction. This system was used to obtain (1)H and (3)He phantom images and supine and upright (3)He images of human lungs. We include discussion on challenges unique to imaging at 50 -200 kHz, including noise filtering and compensation for narrow-bandwidth coils.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Ruset
- Department of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Physics Department, 9 Library Way, DeMeritt Hall, Durham, New Hampshire 03824
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15
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Mair RW, Hrovat MI, Patz S, Rosen MS, Ruset IC, Topulos GP, Tsai LL, Butler JP, Hersman FW, Walsworth RL. 3He lung imaging in an open access, very-low-field human magnetic resonance imaging system. Magn Reson Med 2005; 53:745-9. [PMID: 15799045 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.20456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The human lung and its functions are extremely sensitive to gravity; however, the conventional high-field magnets used for most laser-polarized (3)He MRI of the human lung restrict subjects to lying horizontally. Imaging of human lungs using inhaled laser-polarized (3)He gas is demonstrated in an open-access very-low-magnetic-field (<5 mT) MRI instrument. This prototype device employs a simple, low-cost electromagnet, with an open geometry that allows variation of the orientation of the imaging subject in a two-dimensional plane. As a demonstration, two-dimensional lung images were acquired with 4-mm in-plane resolution from a subject in two orientations: lying supine and sitting in a vertical position with one arm raised. Experience with this prototype device will guide optimization of a second-generation very-low-field imager to enable studies of human pulmonary physiology as a function of subject orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Mair
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS 59, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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16
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Wang R, Mair RW, Rosen MS, Cory DG, Walsworth RL. Simultaneous measurement of rock permeability and effective porosity using laser-polarized noble gas NMR. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2004; 70:026312. [PMID: 15447593 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.70.026312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report simultaneous measurements of the permeability and effective porosity of oil-reservoir rock cores using one-dimensional NMR imaging of the penetrating flow of laser-polarized xenon gas. The permeability result agrees well with industry standard techniques, whereas effective porosity is not easily determined by other methods. This NMR technique may have applications to the characterization of fluid flow in a wide variety of porous and granular media.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wang
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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17
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Huan C, Yang X, Candela D, Mair RW, Walsworth RL. NMR experiments on a three-dimensional vibrofluidized granular medium. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2004; 69:041302. [PMID: 15169012 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.69.041302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2003] [Revised: 10/16/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional granular system fluidized by vertical container vibrations was studied using pulsed field gradient NMR coupled with one-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. The system consisted of mustard seeds vibrated vertically at 50 Hz, and the number of layers N(l)<or=4 was sufficiently low to achieve a nearly time-independent granular fluid. Using NMR, the vertical profiles of density and granular temperature were directly measured, along with the distributions of vertical and horizontal grain velocities. The velocity distributions showed modest deviations from Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics, except for the vertical velocity distribution near the sample bottom, which was highly skewed and non-Gaussian. Data taken for three values of N(l) and two dimensionless accelerations Gamma=15,18 were fitted to a hydrodynamic theory, which successfully models the density and temperature profiles away from the vibrating container bottom. A temperature inversion near the free upper surface is observed, in agreement with predictions based on the hydrodynamic parameter micro which is nonzero only in inelastic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huan
- Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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18
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Mair RW, Wang R, Rosen MS, Candela D, Cory DG, Walsworth RL. Applications of controlled-flow laser-polarized xenon gas to porous and granular media study. Magn Reson Imaging 2003; 21:287-92. [PMID: 12850720 DOI: 10.1016/s0730-725x(03)00156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We report initial NMR studies of continuous flow laser-polarized xenon gas, both in unrestricted tubing, and in a model porous media. The study uses Pulsed Gradient Spin Echo-based techniques in the gas-phase, with the aim of obtaining more sophisticated information than just translational self-diffusion coefficients. Pulsed Gradient Echo studies of continuous flow laser-polarized xenon gas in unrestricted tubing indicate clear diffraction minima resulting from a wide distribution of velocities in the flow field. The maximum velocity experienced in the flow can be calculated from this minimum, and is seen to agree with the information from the complete velocity spectrum, or motion propagator, as well as previously published images. The susceptibility of gas flows to parameters such as gas mixture content, and hence viscosity, are observed in experiments aimed at identifying clear structural features from echo attenuation plots of gas flow in porous media. Gas-phase NMR scattering, or position correlation flow-diffraction, previously clearly seen in the echo attenuation data from laser-polarized xenon flowing through a 2 mm glass bead pack is not so clear in experiments using a different gas mixture. A propagator analysis shows most gas in the sample remains close to static, while a small portion moves through a presumably near-unimpeded path at high velocities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Mair
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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19
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Abstract
We report initial NMR studies of (i) xenon gas diffusion in model heterogeneous porous media and (ii) continuous flow laser-polarized xenon gas. Both areas utilize the pulsed gradient spin-echo (PGSE) techniques in the gas phase, with the aim of obtaining more sophisticated information than just translational self-diffusion coefficients--a brief overview of this area is provided in the Introduction. The heterogeneous or multiple-length scale model porous media consisted of random packs of mixed glass beads of two different sizes. We focus on observing the approach of the time-dependent gas diffusion coefficient, D(t) (an indicator of mean squared displacement), to the long-time asymptote, with the aim of understanding the long-length scale structural information that may be derived from a heterogeneous porous system. We find that D(t) of imbibed xenon gas at short diffusion times is similar for the mixed bead pack and a pack of the smaller sized beads alone, hence reflecting the pore surface area to volume ratio of the smaller bead sample. The approach of D(t) to the long-time limit follows that of a pack of the larger sized beads alone, although the limiting D(t) for the mixed bead pack is lower, reflecting the lower porosity of the sample compared to that of a pack of mono-sized glass beads. The Pade approximation is used to interpolate D(t) data between the short- and long-time limits. Initial studies of continuous flow laser-polarized xenon gas demonstrate velocity-sensitive imaging of much higher flows than can generally be obtained with liquids (20-200 mm s-1). Gas velocity imaging is, however, found to be limited to a resolution of about 1 mm s-1 owing to the high diffusivity of gases compared with liquids. We also present the first gas-phase NMR scattering, or diffusive-diffraction, data, namely flow-enhanced structural features in the echo attenuation data from laser-polarized xenon flowing through a 2 mm glass bead pack.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Mair
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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20
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Mair RW, Sen PN, Hürlimann MD, Patz S, Cory DG, Walsworth RL. The narrow pulse approximation and long length scale determination in xenon gas diffusion NMR studies of model porous media. J Magn Reson 2002; 156:202-212. [PMID: 12165255 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.2002.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report a systematic study of xenon gas diffusion NMR in simple model porous media, random packs of mono-sized glass beads, and focus on three specific areas peculiar to gas-phase diffusion. These topics are: (i) diffusion of spins on the order of the pore dimensions during the application of the diffusion encoding gradient pulses in a PGSE experiment (breakdown of the narrow pulse approximation and imperfect background gradient cancellation), (ii) the ability to derive long length scale structural information, and (iii) effects of finite sample size. We find that the time-dependent diffusion coefficient, D(t), of the imbibed xenon gas at short diffusion times in small beads is significantly affected by the gas pressure. In particular, as expected, we find smaller deviations between measured D(t) and theoretical predictions as the gas pressure is increased, resulting from reduced diffusion during the application of the gradient pulse. The deviations are then completely removed when water D(t) is observed in the same samples. The use of gas also allows us to probe D(t) over a wide range of length scales and observe the long time asymptotic limit which is proportional to the inverse tortuosity of the sample, as well as the diffusion distance where this limit takes effect (approximately 1-1.5 bead diameters). The Padé approximation can be used as a reference for expected xenon D(t) data between the short and the long time limits, allowing us to explore deviations from the expected behavior at intermediate times as a result of finite sample size effects. Finally, the application of the Padé interpolation between the long and the short time asymptotic limits yields a fitted length scale (the Padé length), which is found to be approximately 0.13b for all bead packs, where b is the bead diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Mair
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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21
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Butler JP, Mair RW, Hoffmann D, Hrovat MI, Rogers RA, Topulos GP, Walsworth RL, Patz S. Measuring surface-area-to-volume ratios in soft porous materials using laser-polarized xenon interphase exchange nuclear magnetic resonance. J Phys Condens Matter 2002; 14:L297-304. [PMID: 12741395 PMCID: PMC2194751 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/14/13/103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a minimally invasive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique that enables determination of the surface-area-to-volume ratio (S/V) of soft porous materials from measurements of the diffusive exchange of laser-polarized 129Xe between gas in the pore space and 129Xe dissolved in the solid phase. We apply this NMR technique to porous polymer samples and find approximate agreement with destructive stereological measurements of S/V obtained with optical confocal microscopy. Potential applications of laser-polarized xenon interphase exchange NMR include measurements of in vivo lung function in humans and characterization of gas chromatography columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Butler
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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22
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Yang X, Huan C, Candela D, Mair RW, Walsworth RL. Measurements of grain motion in a dense, three-dimensional granular fluid. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:044301. [PMID: 11801123 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.044301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have used an NMR technique to measure the short-time, three-dimensional displacement of grains in a system of mustard seeds vibrated vertically at 15 g. The technique averages over a time interval in which the grains move ballistically, giving a direct measurement of the granular temperature profile. The dense, lower portion of the sample is well described by a recent hydrodynamic theory for inelastic hard spheres. Near the free upper surface the mean free path is longer than the particle diameter and the hydrodynamic description fails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- Physics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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23
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Abstract
Using a novel NMR scheme we observed persistence in 1D gas diffusion. Analytical approximations and numerical simulations have indicated that for an initially random array of spins undergoing diffusion, the probability p(t) that the average spin magnetization in a given region has not changed sign (i.e., "persists") up to time t follows a power law t(-straight theta), where straight theta depends on the dimensionality of the system. Using laser-polarized 129Xe gas, we prepared an initial "quasirandom" 1D array of spin magnetization and then monitored the ensemble's evolution due to diffusion using real-time NMR imaging. Our measurements are consistent with analytical and numerical predictions of straight theta approximately 0.12.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Wong
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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24
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Mair RW, Hürlimann MD, Sen PN, Schwartz LM, Patz S, Walsworth RL. Tortuosity measurement and the effects of finite pulse widths on xenon gas diffusion NMR studies of porous media. Magn Reson Imaging 2001; 19:345-51. [PMID: 11445310 DOI: 10.1016/s0730-725x(01)00247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We have extended the utility of NMR as a technique to probe porous media structure over length scales of approximately 100-2000 microm by using the spin 1/2 noble gas 129Xe imbibed into the system's pore space. Such length scales are much greater than can be probed with NMR diffusion studies of water-saturated porous media. We utilized Pulsed Gradient Spin Echo NMR measurements of the time-dependent diffusion coefficient, D(t), of the xenon gas filling the pore space to study further the measurements of both the pore surface-area-to-volume ratio, S/V(p), and the tortuosity (pore connectivity) of the medium. In uniform-size glass bead packs, we observed D(t) decreasing with increasing t, reaching an observed asymptote of approximately 0.62-0.65D(0), that could be measured over diffusion distances extending over multiple bead diameters. Measurements of D(t)/D(0) at differing gas pressures showed this tortuosity limit was not affected by changing the characteristic diffusion length of the spins during the diffusion encoding gradient pulse. This was not the case at the short time limit, where D(t)/D(0) was noticeably affected by the gas pressure in the sample. Increasing the gas pressure, and hence reducing D(0) and the diffusion during the gradient pulse served to reduce the previously observed deviation of D(t)/D(0) from the S/V(p) relation. The Pade approximation is used to interpolate between the long and short time limits in D(t). While the short time D(t) points lay above the interpolation line in the case of small beads, due to diffusion during the gradient pulse on the order of the pore size, it was also noted that the experimental D(t) data fell below the Pade line in the case of large beads, most likely due to finite size effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Mair
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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25
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Abstract
The large diffusion coefficients of gases result in significant spin motion during the application of gradient pulses that typically last a few milliseconds in most NMR experiments. In restricted environments, such as the lung, this rapid gas diffusion can lead to violations of the narrow pulse approximation, a basic assumption of the standard Stejskal-Tanner NMR method of diffusion measurement. We therefore investigated the effect of a common, biologically inert buffer gas, sulfur hexafluoride (SF(6)), on (129)Xe NMR and diffusion. We found that the contribution of SF(6) to (129)Xe T(1) relaxation in a 1:1 xenon/oxygen mixture is negligible up to 2 bar of SF(6) at standard temperature. We also measured the contribution of SF(6) gas to (129)Xe T(2) relaxation, and found it to scale inversely with pressure, with this contribution approximately equal to 1 s for 1 bar SF(6) pressure and standard temperature. Finally, we found the coefficient of (129)Xe diffusion through SF(6) to be approximately 4.6 x 10(-6) m(2)s(-1) for 1 bar pressure of SF(6) and standard temperature, which is only 1.2 times smaller than the (129)Xe self diffusion coefficient for 1 bar (129)Xe pressure and standard temperature. From these measurements we conclude that SF(6) will not sufficiently reduce (129)Xe diffusion to allow accurate surface-area/volume ratio measurements in human alveoli using time-dependent gas diffusion NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Mair
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS 59, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Mair RW, Tseng CH, Wong GP, Cory DG, Walsworth RL. Magnetic resonance imaging of convection in laser-polarized xenon. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 61:2741-2748. [PMID: 11046596 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.61.2741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging of the flow and diffusion of laser-polarized xenon (129Xe) gas undergoing convection above evaporating laser-polarized liquid xenon. The large xenon NMR signal provided by the laser-polarization technique allows more rapid imaging than one can achieve with thermally polarized gas-liquid systems, permitting shorter time-scale events such as rapid gas flow and gas-liquid dynamics to be observed. Two-dimensional velocity-encoded imaging shows convective gas flow above the evaporating liquid xenon, and also permits the measurement of enhanced gas diffusion near regions of large velocity variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Mair
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Wong GP, Tseng CH, Pomeroy VR, Mair RW, Hinton DP, Hoffmann D, Stoner RE, Hersman FW, Cory DG, Walsworth RL. A system for low field imaging of laser-polarized noble gas. J Magn Reson 1999; 141:217-27. [PMID: 10579945 DOI: 10.1006/jmre.1999.1904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We describe a device for performing MRI with laser-polarized noble gas at low magnetic fields (<50 G). The system is robust, portable, inexpensive, and provides gas-phase imaging resolution comparable to that of high field clinical instruments. At 20.6 G, we have imaged laser-polarized (3)He (Larmor frequency of 67 kHz) in both sealed glass cells and excised rat lungs, using approximately 0.1 G/cm gradients to achieve approximately 1 mm(2) resolution. In addition, we measured (3)He T(2)(*) times greater than 100 ms in excised rat lungs, which is roughly 20 times longer than typical values observed at high ( approximately 2 T) fields. We include a discussion of the practical considerations for working at low magnetic fields and conclude with evidence of radiation damping in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Wong
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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28
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Abstract
We show that gas diffusion nuclear magnetic resonance (GD-NMR) provides a powerful technique for probing the structure of porous media. In random packs of glass beads, using both laser-polarized and thermally polarized xenon gas, we find that GD-NMR can accurately measure the pore space surface-area-to-volume ratio, S/V rho, and the tortuosity, alpha (the latter quantity being directly related to the system's transport properties). We also show that GD-NMR provides a good measure of the tortuosity of sandstone and complex carbonate rocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Mair
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Abstract
A single-shot pulsed gradient stimulated echo sequence is introduced to address the challenges of diffusion measurements of laser polarized 3He and 129Xe gas. Laser polarization enhances the NMR sensitivity of these noble gases by >10(3), but creates an unstable, nonthermal polarization that is not readily renewable. A new method is presented which permits parallel acquisition of the several measurements required to determine a diffusive attenuation curve. The NMR characterization of a sample's diffusion behavior can be accomplished in a single measurement, using only a single polarization step. As a demonstration, the diffusion coefficient of a sample of laser-polarized 129Xe gas is measured via this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peled
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 150 Albany Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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30
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Abstract
Pulsed-field-gradient NMR techniques are demonstrated for measurements of time-dependent gas diffusion. The standard PGSE technique and variants, applied to a free gas mixture of thermally polarized xenon and O2, are found to provide a reproducible measure of the xenon diffusion coefficient (5.71 x 10(-6) m2 s-1 for 1 atm of pure xenon), in excellent agreement with previous, non-NMR measurements. The utility of pulsed-field-gradient NMR techniques is demonstrated by the first measurement of time-dependent (i.e., restricted) gas diffusion inside a porous medium (a random pack of glass beads), with results that agree well with theory. Two modified NMR pulse sequences derived from the PGSE technique (named the Pulsed Gradient Echo, or PGE, and the Pulsed Gradient Multiple Spin Echo, or PGMSE) are also applied to measurements of time dependent diffusion of laser polarized xenon gas, with results in good agreement with previous measurements on thermally polarized gas. The PGMSE technique is found to be superior to the PGE method, and to standard PGSE techniques and variants, for efficiently measuring laser polarized noble gas diffusion over a wide range of diffusion times.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Mair
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
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Tseng CH, Wong GP, Pomeroy VR, Mair RW, Hinton DP, Hoffmann D, Stoner RE, Hersman FW, Cory DG, Walsworth RL. Low-field MRI of laser polarized noble gas. Phys Rev Lett 1998; 81:3785-3788. [PMID: 11543589 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.81.3785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
NMR images of laser polarized 3He gas were obtained at 21 G using a simple, homebuilt instrument. At such low fields magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of thermally polarized samples (e.g., water) is not practical. Low-field noble gas MRI has novel scientific, engineering, and medical applications. Examples include portable systems for diagnosis of lung disease, as well as imaging of voids in porous media and within metallic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Tseng
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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