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El Khoury S, Gauthier J, Mercier PL, Moïse S, Giovenazzo P, Derome N. Honeybee gut bacterial strain improved survival and gut microbiota homeostasis in Apis mellifera exposed in vivo to clothianidin. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0057824. [PMID: 39189755 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00578-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are causing honeybee mortality worldwide. Research carried out on honeybees indicates that application of pesticides has a significant impact on the core gut community, which ultimately leads to an increase in the growth of harmful pathogens. Disturbances caused by pesticides also affect the way bacterial members interact, which results in gut microbial dysbiosis. Administration of beneficial microbes has been previously demonstrated to be effective in treating or preventing disease in honeybees. The objective of this study was to measure under in vivo conditions the ability of two bacterial strains (the Enterobacter sp. and Pantoea sp.) isolated from honeybee gut to improve survival and mitigate gut microbiota dysbiosis in honeybees exposed to a sublethal clothianidin dose (0.1 ppb). Both gut bacterial strains were selected for their ability to degrade clothianidin in vitro regardless of their host-microbe interaction characteristics (e.g., beneficial, neutral, or harmful). To this end, we conducted cage trials on 4- to 6-day-old newly emerging honeybees. During microbial administration, we jointly monitored the taxonomic distribution and activity level of bacterial symbionts quantifying 16S rRNA transcripts. First, curative administration of the Pantoea sp. strain significantly improved the survival of clothianidin-exposed honeybees compared to sugar control bees (i.e., supplemented with sugar [1:1]). Second, curative administration of the Enterobacter sp. strain significantly mitigated the clothianidin-induced dysbiosis observed in the midgut structural network, but without improving survival. IMPORTANCE The present work suggests that administration of bacterial strains isolated from honeybee gut may promote recovery of gut microbiota homeostasis after prolonged clothianidin exposure, while improving survival. This study highlights that gut bacterial strains hold promise for developing efficient microbial formulations to mitigate environmental pesticide exposure in honeybee colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah El Khoury
- Université Laval, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Québec, Canada
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jeff Gauthier
- Université Laval, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Québec, Canada
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Luc Mercier
- Université Laval, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Québec, Canada
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Moïse
- INRS, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Nicolas Derome
- Université Laval, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Québec, Canada
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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2
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Bacelar E, Pinto T, Anjos R, Morais MC, Oliveira I, Vilela A, Cosme F. Impacts of Climate Change and Mitigation Strategies for Some Abiotic and Biotic Constraints Influencing Fruit Growth and Quality. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1942. [PMID: 39065469 PMCID: PMC11280748 DOI: 10.3390/plants13141942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Factors such as extreme temperatures, light radiation, and nutritional condition influence the physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes associated with fruit development and its quality. Besides abiotic stresses, biotic constraints can also affect fruit growth and quality. Moreover, there can be interactions between stressful conditions. However, it is challenging to predict and generalize the risks of climate change scenarios on seasonal patterns of growth, development, yield, and quality of fruit species because their responses are often highly complex and involve changes at multiple levels. Advancements in genetic editing technologies hold great potential for the agricultural sector, particularly in enhancing fruit crop traits. These improvements can be tailored to meet consumer preferences, which is crucial for commercial success. Canopy management and innovative training systems are also key factors that contribute to maximizing yield efficiency and improving fruit quality, which are essential for the competitiveness of orchards. Moreover, the creation of habitats that support pollinators is a critical aspect of sustainable agriculture, as they play a significant role in the production of many crops, including fruits. Incorporating these strategies allows fruit growers to adapt to changing climate conditions, which is increasingly important for the stability of food production. By investing in these areas, fruit growers can stay ahead of challenges and opportunities in the industry, ultimately leading to increased success and profitability. In this review, we aim to provide an updated overview of the current knowledge on this important topic. We also provide recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Bacelar
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.P.); (R.A.); (M.C.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Teresa Pinto
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.P.); (R.A.); (M.C.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Rosário Anjos
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.P.); (R.A.); (M.C.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Maria Cristina Morais
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.P.); (R.A.); (M.C.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Ivo Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4Agro), University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (T.P.); (R.A.); (M.C.M.); (I.O.)
| | - Alice Vilela
- Chemistry Research Centre–Vila Real (CQ-VR), Department of Agronomy, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Fernanda Cosme
- Chemistry Research Centre–Vila Real (CQ-VR), Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
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3
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Avalos A, Walsh E, Bixby M, Card A, Card W. A colony health and economic comparison of Varroa-resistant Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) and commercial honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024:toae094. [PMID: 38757643 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are the premier agricultural pollinators with direct ecological value and are key to some agro-economies. Major factors have negatively impacted honey bee health in the past 2 decades with Varroa (Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman) infestation rising as a principal predictor of colony mortality. A key strategy deployed in Varroa management is breeding for resistant honey bee populations that can maintain comparable levels of productivity as nonresistant populations. In this study, we examine one such population, Hilo honey bees, within the context of a common garden contrast with a commercial population in a stationary honey production operation. We compare colony survival, health, yield, and profit outcomes to show how this specific breeding population retains a profit value in honey production operations while maintaining higher survival and lower Varroa infestation levels than the commercial population. This information can be used by commercial beekeepers to make best management practice decisions and inspire further work examining what trade-offs, if any, are present in this Varroa-resistant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Avalos
- USDA-ARS Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics, and Physiology Research Laboratory, 1157 Ben Hur Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA
| | - Elizabeth Walsh
- USDA-ARS Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics, and Physiology Research Laboratory, 1157 Ben Hur Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA
| | - Miriam Bixby
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Andy Card
- Evergreen Honey Company, 1103 C M Davis Road, Jennings, LA 70546, USA
| | - Wes Card
- Evergreen Honey Company, 1103 C M Davis Road, Jennings, LA 70546, USA
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4
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Hancz C, Sultana S, Nagy Z, Biró J. The Role of Insects in Sustainable Animal Feed Production for Environmentally Friendly Agriculture: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1009. [PMID: 38612248 PMCID: PMC11010863 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing demand for animal protein, the efficient use of land and water, and the limitations of non-renewable energy sources highlight the global importance of edible insects. This paper provides an overview of the key issues regarding the role of edible insects in sustainable feed production and environmentally friendly agriculture. The indispensable ecological services provided by insects are discussed, as well as the farming, products, and nutritional value of edible insects. A representative selection of the literature reviewing major insect species' chemical compositions and nutritional value is also presented. The use of insect-derived feeds for animal production is presented in detail and discussed for the major terrestrial livestock and aquaculture groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Hancz
- Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba S. 40., 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary (S.S.)
| | - Sadia Sultana
- Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba S. 40., 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary (S.S.)
| | - Zoltán Nagy
- Research Center for Fisheries and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Anna-liget 35., 5540 Szarvas, Hungary
| | - Janka Biró
- Research Center for Fisheries and Aquaculture, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Anna-liget 35., 5540 Szarvas, Hungary
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5
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Carrera MA, Sánchez LM, Morales MM, Fernández-Alba AR, Hernando MD. Method optimisation for large scope pesticide multiresidue analysis in bee pollen: A pilot monitoring study. Food Chem 2024; 436:137652. [PMID: 37839127 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide contamination in emerging foods and supplements is currently a topic of great interest. This study focused on the evaluation of pesticide residues in commercial bee pollen samples to evaluate the risk associated with their consumption. To this end, an automated clean-up method for the pesticide extracts of bee pollen was developed. An LC-MS/MS and a GC-MS/MS method were validated for the analysis of 353 pesticides in 80 bee pollen samples purchased from different countries. The results showed the presence of 77 different pesticide residues in bee pollen, including plant protection chemicals and veterinary treatments. 85 % of the samples were contaminated with pesticides and no relevant differences were found between conventional and organic samples. Pesticide concentrations exceeding the imposed MRL were found in 40 % of the samples, but the risk assessment showed that consumers are not exposed to an unacceptable risk when consuming the evaluated bee pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Carrera
- Department of Desertification and Geo-ecology, Experimental Station of Arid Zones, CSIC, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Lorena Manzano Sánchez
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - María Murcia Morales
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Amadeo R Fernández-Alba
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - María Dolores Hernando
- Department of Desertification and Geo-ecology, Experimental Station of Arid Zones, CSIC, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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6
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Blareau E, Sy P, Daoud K, Requier F. Insect-Mediated Pollination of Strawberries in an Urban Environment. INSECTS 2023; 14:877. [PMID: 37999076 PMCID: PMC10671972 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Pollination services provided by a diversity of pollinators are critical in agriculture because they enhance the yield of many crops. However, few studies have assessed pollination services in urban agricultural systems. We performed flower-visitor observations and pollination experiments on strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa) in an urban area near Paris, France, in order to assess the effects of (i) insect-mediated pollination service and (ii) potential pollination deficit on fruit set, seed set, and fruit quality (size, weight, and malformation). Flower-visitor observations revealed that the pollinator community solely comprised unmanaged pollinators, despite the presence of beehives in the surrounding landscape. Based on the pollination experiments, we found that the pollination service mediated by wild insects improved the fruit size as a qualitative value of production, but not the fruit set. We also found no evidence of pollination deficit in our urban environment. These results suggest that the local community of wild urban pollinators is able to support strawberry crop production and thus plays an important role in providing high-quality, local, and sustainable crops in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Blareau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Sy
- LAB3S Sols Savoirs Saveurs, 32 Avenue Henri Varagnat, 93140 Bondy, France
| | - Karim Daoud
- Laboratoire Régional du Suivi de la Faune Sauvage, 32 Avenue Henri Varagnat, 93140 Bondy, France
| | - Fabrice Requier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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7
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Straw EA, Cini E, Gold H, Linguadoca A, Mayne C, Rockx J, Brown MJF, Garratt MPD, Potts SG, Senapathi D. Neither sulfoxaflor, Crithidia bombi, nor their combination impact bumble bee colony development or field bean pollination. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16462. [PMID: 37777537 PMCID: PMC10542809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pollinators, including bumble bees, are in decline. Such declines are known to be driven by a number of interacting factors. Decreases in bee populations may also negatively impact the key ecosystem service, pollination, that they provide. Pesticides and parasites are often cited as two of the drivers of bee declines, particularly as they have previously been found to interact with one another to the detriment of bee health. Here we test the effects of an insecticide, sulfoxaflor, and a highly prevalent bumble bee parasite, Crithidia bombi, on the bumble bee Bombus terrestris. After exposing colonies to realistic doses of either sulfoxaflor and/or Crithidia bombi in a fully crossed experiment, colonies were allowed to forage on field beans in outdoor exclusion cages. Foraging performance was monitored, and the impacts on fruit set were recorded. We found no effect of either stressor, or their interaction, on the pollination services they provide to field beans, either at an individual level or a whole colony level. Further, there was no impact of any treatment, in any metric, on colony development. Our results contrast with prior findings that similar insecticides (neonicotinoids) impact pollination services, and that sulfoxaflor impacts colony development, potentially suggesting that sulfoxaflor is a less harmful compound to bee health than neonicotinoids insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Straw
- Department of Botany, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Elena Cini
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK.
| | - Harriet Gold
- The School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Alberto Linguadoca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
- Pesticides Peer Review Unit, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Chloe Mayne
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK
| | - Joris Rockx
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Mark J F Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Michael P D Garratt
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Deepa Senapathi
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK.
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8
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Scheper J, Badenhausser I, Kantelhardt J, Kirchweger S, Bartomeus I, Bretagnolle V, Clough Y, Gross N, Raemakers I, Vilà M, Zaragoza-Trello C, Kleijn D. Biodiversity and pollination benefits trade off against profit in an intensive farming system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2212124120. [PMID: 37399410 PMCID: PMC10334771 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212124120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural expansion and intensification have boosted global food production but have come at the cost of environmental degradation and biodiversity loss. Biodiversity-friendly farming that boosts ecosystem services, such as pollination and natural pest control, is widely being advocated to maintain and improve agricultural productivity while safeguarding biodiversity. A vast body of evidence showing the agronomic benefits of enhanced ecosystem service delivery represent important incentives to adopt practices enhancing biodiversity. However, the costs of biodiversity-friendly management are rarely taken into account and may represent a major barrier impeding uptake by farmers. Whether and how biodiversity conservation, ecosystem service delivery, and farm profit can go hand in hand is unknown. Here, we quantify the ecological, agronomic, and net economic benefits of biodiversity-friendly farming in an intensive grassland-sunflower system in Southwest France. We found that reducing land-use intensity on agricultural grasslands drastically enhances flower availability and wild bee diversity, including rare species. Biodiversity-friendly management on grasslands furthermore resulted in an up to 17% higher revenue on neighboring sunflower fields through positive effects on pollination service delivery. However, the opportunity costs of reduced grassland forage yields consistently exceeded the economic benefits of enhanced sunflower pollination. Our results highlight that profitability is often a key constraint hampering adoption of biodiversity-based farming and uptake critically depends on society's willingness to pay for associated delivery of public goods such as biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Scheper
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AAWageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Badenhausser
- Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies Plantes Fourragères, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, F-86600Lusignan, France
| | - Jochen Kantelhardt
- Institute of Agricultural and Forestry Economics, Department of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1180Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kirchweger
- Studienzentrum für Internationale Analysen–Schlierbach, Studienzentrum für Internationale Analysen, 4553Schlierbach, Austria
| | - Ignasi Bartomeus
- Estación Biológica de Doñana – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-41092Sevilla, Spain
| | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR7372, Centre national de la recherche scientifique & Université de La Rochelle, F-79360Villiers-en-Bois, France
- Long-Term Socio-Ecological Research platform « Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre », 79360Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Yann Clough
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, 22362Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Gross
- Université Clermont Auvergne, l’Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement, VetAgro Sup, Unité Mixte de Recherche 212 Ecosystème Prairial, F-63000Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ivo Raemakers
- Independent amateur entomologist, 6247CGGronsveld, The Netherlands
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Estación Biológica de Doñana – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-41092Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Facultad de Biología, University of Sevilla, 41012Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Zaragoza-Trello
- Estación Biológica de Doñana – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-41092Sevilla, Spain
| | - David Kleijn
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AAWageningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Zioga E, White B, Stout JC. Pesticide mixtures detected in crop and non-target wild plant pollen and nectar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:162971. [PMID: 36958551 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cultivation of mass flowering entomophilous crops benefits from the presence of managed and wild pollinators, who visit flowers to forage on pollen and nectar. However, management of these crops typically includes application of pesticides, the presence of which may pose a hazard for pollinators foraging in an agricultural environment. To determine the levels of potential exposure to pesticides, their presence and concentration in pollen and nectar need assessing, both within and beyond the target crop plants. We selected ten pesticide compounds and one metabolite and analysed their occurrence in a crop (Brassica napus) and a wild plant (Rubus fruticosus agg.), which was flowering in field edges. Nectar and pollen from both plants were collected from five spring and five winter sown B. napus fields in Ireland, and were tested for pesticide residues, using QuEChERS and Liquid Chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Pesticide residues were detected in plant pollen and nectar of both plants. Most detections were from fields with no recorded application of the respective compounds in that year, but higher concentrations were observed in recently treated fields. Overall, more residues were detected in B. napus pollen and nectar than in the wild plant, and B. napus pollen had the highest mean concentration of residues. All matrices were contaminated with at least three compounds, and the most frequently detected compounds were fungicides. The most common compound mixture was comprised of the fungicides azoxystrobin, boscalid, and the neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin, which was not recently applied on the fields. Our results indicate that persistent compounds like the neonicotinoids, should be continuously monitored for their presence and fate in the field environment. The toxicological evaluation of the compound mixtures identified in the present study should be performed, to determine their impacts on foraging insects that may be exposed to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zioga
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Blánaid White
- School of Chemical Sciences, DCU Water Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Jane C Stout
- Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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10
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Landaverde R, Rodriguez MT, Parrella JA. Honey Production and Climate Change: Beekeepers' Perceptions, Farm Adaptation Strategies, and Information Needs. INSECTS 2023; 14:493. [PMID: 37367309 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Because climate change has severely impacted global bee populations by depleting their habitats and food sources, beekeepers must implement management practices to adapt to changing climates. However, beekeepers in El Salvador lack information about necessary climate change adaptation strategies. This study explored Salvadoran beekeepers' experiences adapting to climate change. The researchers used a phenomenological case study approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with nine Salvadoran beekeepers who were members of The Cooperative Association for Marketing, Production, Savings, and Credit of Beekeepers of Chalatenango (ACCOPIDECHA). The beekeepers perceived water and food scarcity, as well as extreme weather events (e.g., increasing temperature, rain, winds), as the leading climate change-induced challenges to their production. Such challenges have augmented their honey bees' physiological need for water, limited their movement patterns, decreased apiary safety, and increased the incidence of pests and diseases, all of which have led to honey bee mortality. The beekeepers shared adaptation strategies, including box modification, apiary relocation, and food supplementation. Although most beekeepers accessed climate change information using the internet, they struggled to understand and apply pertinent information unless they received it from trusted ACCOPIDECHA personnel. Salvadoran beekeepers require information and demonstrations to improve their climate change adaptation strategies and implement new ones to address the challenges they experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Landaverde
- Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education and Communications, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mary T Rodriguez
- Department of Agricultural Communication, Education and Leadership, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jean A Parrella
- Department of Agricultural Leadership, Education and Communications, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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11
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Ryan IC, Dicks LV, Shutt JD. The importance of multi-year studies and commercial yield metrics in measuring pollinator dependence ratios: A case study in UK raspberries Rubus idaeus L. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10044. [PMID: 37168988 PMCID: PMC10164645 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefit of pollinators to crop production is normally calculated using "pollinator dependence ratios," which reflect the proportion of yield lost (here reported as a value between 0 and 1) in the absence of pollinators; these ratios are quantified experimentally using pollinator exclusion experiments. Pollinator dependence ratio estimates can vary considerably for a single crop, creating large, frequently overlooked, uncertainty in economic valuations of pollinators. The source of this variation is usually unclear. We experimentally measured the pollinator dependence ratio of two UK commercial cultivars of raspberry Rubus idaeus L., using a range of yield metrics-fruit set, marketable fruit set, fruit weight, and marketable fruit weight-over 3 years (2019-2021), to quantify the effects of yield metric, interannual variation, and cultivar on pollinator dependence ratio estimates. We found a difference in the pollinator dependence ratio for fruit set of 0.71 between 2019 and 2020, showing the importance of carrying out exclusion studies over multiple years. Averaged over multiple years and two cultivars, the dependence ratio was 0.68 measured using marketable fruit set and 0.64 using marketable fruit weight. Imposing a quality threshold (size and shape) below which fruits would not be of commercial value (marketable fruit set/weight) dramatically increased both the pollinator dependence ratio and subsequent economic valuations of pollination service derived from it. Our study shows that, for raspberry, estimates of the pollinator dependence ratio, and therefore, the economic value of insect pollinators, are highly sensitive to the choice of yield metric and can change between years and cultivars. Many economic decisions about pollinator management, at farm, regional and national scales rely on estimates of pollinator dependence. We, therefore, recommend that for estimating pollinator dependence ratios, pollinator exclusion studies are conducted over three or more years and use yield metrics that incorporate quality criteria linked to actual market values and commercial thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen C. Ryan
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Lynn V. Dicks
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jack D. Shutt
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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12
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Ivers NA, Jha S. Biogeography, climate, and land use create a mosaic of parasite risk in native bumble bees. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161545. [PMID: 36649773 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Host-parasite interactions are crucial to the regulation of host population growth, as they often impact both long-term population stability and ecological functioning. Animal hosts navigate a number of environmental conditions, including local climate, anthropogenic land use, and varying degrees of spatial isolation, all of which can mediate parasitism exposure. Despite this, we know little about the potential for these environmental conditions to impact pathogen prevalence at biogeographic scales, especially for key ecosystem service-providing animals. Bees are essential pollination providers that may be particularly sensitive to biogeography, climate, and land-use as these factors are known to limit bee dispersal and contribute to underlying population genetic variation, which may also impact host-parasite interactions. Importantly, many native bumble bee species have recently shown geographic range contractions, reduced genetic diversity, and increased parasitism rates, highlighting the potential importance of interacting and synergistic stressors. In this study, we incorporate spatially explicit environmental, biogeographic, and land-use data in combination with genetically derived host population data to conduct a large-scale epidemiological assessment of the drivers of pathogen prevalence across >1000 km for a keystone western US pollinator, the bumble bee Bombus vosnesenskii. We found high rates of infection from Crithidia bombi and C. expoekii, which show strong spatial autocorrelation and which were more prevalent in northern latitudes. We also show that land use barriers best explained differences in parasite prevalence and parasite community composition, while precipitation, elevation, and B. vosnesenskii nesting density were important drivers of parasite prevalence. Overall, our results demonstrate that human land use can impact critical host-parasite interactions for native bees at massive spatial scales. Further, our work indicates that disease-related survey and conservation measures should take into account the independent and interacting influences of climate, biogeography, land use, and local population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Ivers
- University of Texas at Austin, Dept. Integrative Biology, United States of America.
| | - Shalene Jha
- University of Texas at Austin, Dept. Integrative Biology, United States of America
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13
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Alejandre EM, Scherer L, Guinée JB, Aizen MA, Albrecht M, Balzan MV, Bartomeus I, Bevk D, Burkle LA, Clough Y, Cole LJ, Delphia CM, Dicks LV, Garratt MP, Kleijn D, Kovács-Hostyánszki A, Mandelik Y, Paxton RJ, Petanidou T, Potts S, Sárospataki M, Schulp CJ, Stavrinides M, Stein K, Stout JC, Szentgyörgyi H, Varnava AI, Woodcock BA, van Bodegom PM. Characterization Factors to Assess Land Use Impacts on Pollinator Abundance in Life Cycle Assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3445-3454. [PMID: 36780611 PMCID: PMC9979645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While wild pollinators play a key role in global food production, their assessment is currently missing from the most commonly used environmental impact assessment method, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). This is mainly due to constraints in data availability and compatibility with LCA inventories. To target this gap, relative pollinator abundance estimates were obtained with the use of a Delphi assessment, during which 25 experts, covering 16 nationalities and 45 countries of expertise, provided scores for low, typical, and high expected abundance associated with 24 land use categories. Based on these estimates, this study presents a set of globally generic characterization factors (CFs) that allows translating land use into relative impacts to wild pollinator abundance. The associated uncertainty of the CFs is presented along with an illustrative case to demonstrate the applicability in LCA studies. The CFs based on estimates that reached consensus during the Delphi assessment are recommended as readily applicable and allow key differences among land use types to be distinguished. The resulting CFs are proposed as the first step for incorporating pollinator impacts in LCA studies, exemplifying the use of expert elicitation methods as a useful tool to fill data gaps that constrain the characterization of key environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Alejandre
- Institute
of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden
University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Delft
University of Technology, Mekelweg 5, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Scherer
- Institute
of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden
University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen B. Guinée
- Institute
of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden
University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcelo A. Aizen
- Grupo
de Ecología de la Polinización, INIBIOMA, Universidad
Nacional del Comahue-CONICET, Quintral 1250, 8400 Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Matthias Albrecht
- Agroecology
and Environment, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario V. Balzan
- Institute
of Applied Sciences, Malta College of Arts,
Science and Technology (MCAST), PLA9032 Paola, Malta
| | - Ignasi Bartomeus
- Estación
Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, Isla de la Cartuja, E-41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Danilo Bevk
- National
Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Laura A. Burkle
- Department
of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Yann Clough
- Centre
for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund
University, Sölvegatan
37, 22362 Lund Sweden
| | - Lorna J. Cole
- Integrated Land Management, SRUC, JF Niven Building, Auchincruive
Estate, KA6 5HW AYR, U.K.
| | - Casey M. Delphia
- Montana Entomology Collection, Montana
State University, Room 50 Marsh
Laboratory, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Lynn V. Dicks
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3EJ Cambridge U.K.
- School of Biological Sciences, University
of East Anglia, Norwich
Research Park, NR4 7TJ Norwich U.K.
| | | | - David Kleijn
- Plant Ecology
and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen
University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki
- Centre
for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Lendület Ecosystem Services Research Group, Alkotmány str. 2-4, H-2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Yael Mandelik
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture
Food and Environment, The Hebrew University
of Jerusalem, P.O.Box 12, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Robert J. Paxton
- Institute for Biology, Martin
Luther University
Halle-Wittenberg, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- German
Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Theodora Petanidou
- Laboratory
of Biogeography and Ecology, Department of Geography, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece
| | - Simon Potts
- University
of Reading, RG6 6AR Reading, U.K.
| | - Miklós Sárospataki
- Department of Zoology and Ecology, Institute
for Wildlife
Management and Nature Conservation, Hungarian
University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter K. u. 1., H2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Catharina J.E. Schulp
- Department of Environmental Geography,
Institute for
Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menelaos Stavrinides
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Cyprus
University of Technology, Arch. Kyprianos 30, 3036 Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Katharina Stein
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Botany
and Botanical Garden, University of Rostock, Wismarsche Strasse 45, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jane C. Stout
- Trinity College Dublin, College Green, D02
PN40 Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hajnalka Szentgyörgyi
- Department
of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian
University, ul. Gronostajowa
3, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Androulla I. Varnava
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Cyprus
University of Technology, Arch. Kyprianos 30, 3036 Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Ben A. Woodcock
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, U.K.
| | - Peter M. van Bodegom
- Institute
of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden
University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Miyashita T, Hayashi S, Natsume K, Taki H. Diverse flower-visiting responses among pollinators to multiple weather variables in buckwheat pollination. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3099. [PMID: 36813829 PMCID: PMC9946946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29977-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Response diversity to environmental change among species is important for the maintenance of ecosystem services, but response diversity to changes in multiple environmental parameters is largely unexplored. Here, we examined how insect visitations to buckwheat flowers differ among species groups in response to changes in multiple weather variables and landscape structures. We found differences in responses to changes in weather conditions among insect taxonomic groups visiting buckwheat flowers. Beetles, butterflies, and wasps were more active in sunny and/or high-temperature conditions, whereas ants and non-syrphid flies showed the opposite pattern. When looking closely, the different response pattern among insect groups was itself shown to be different from one weather variable to another. For instance, large insects were responsive to temperatures more than small insects while smaller insects were responsive to sunshine duration more than large insects. Furthermore, responses to weather conditions differed between large and small insects, which agreed with the expectation that optimal temperature for insect activity depends on body size. Responses to spatial variables also differed; large insects were more abundant in fields with surrounding forests and mosaic habitats, whereas small insects were not. We suggest that response diversity at multiple spatial and temporal niche dimensions should be a focus of future studies of the biodiversity-ecosystem service relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Miyashita
- Laboratory of Biodiversity Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
| | - Shouta Hayashi
- Laboratory of Biodiversity Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Kae Natsume
- Laboratory of Biodiversity Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hisatomo Taki
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
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15
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Arachchige ECS, Evans LJ, Campbell JW, Delaplane KS, Rice ES, Cutting BT, Kendall LK, Samnegård U, Rader R. A global assessment of the species composition and effectiveness of watermelon pollinators and the management strategies to inform effective pollination service delivery. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Complex agricultural landscapes host more biodiversity than simple ones: A global meta-analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203385119. [PMID: 36095174 PMCID: PMC9499564 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203385119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural land, the world’s largest human-managed ecosystem, forms the matrix that connects remnant and fragmented patches of natural vegetation where nondomesticated biodiversity struggles to survive. Increasing the resources that this matrix can offer to biodiversity is critical to halting biodiversity loss. Our comprehensive meta-analysis demonstrates the positive and significant effect on biodiversity of increasing landscape complexity in agricultural lands. We found more biodiversity in complex landscapes, potentially contributing to agriculture production, ecosystem resilience, and human well-being. Current biodiversity conservation strategies tend to focus on natural ecosystems, often ignoring opportunities to boost biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Our findings provide a strong scientific evidence base for synergistically managing agriculture at the landscape level for biodiversity conservation and sustainable production. Managing agricultural landscapes to support biodiversity conservation requires profound structural changes worldwide. Often, discussions are centered on management at the field level. However, a wide and growing body of evidence calls for zooming out and targeting agricultural policies, research, and interventions at the landscape level to halt and reverse the decline in biodiversity, increase biodiversity-mediated ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes, and improve the resilience and adaptability of these ecosystems. We conducted the most comprehensive assessment to date on landscape complexity effects on nondomesticated terrestrial biodiversity through a meta-analysis of 1,134 effect sizes from 157 peer-reviewed articles. Increasing landscape complexity through changes in composition, configuration, or heterogeneity significatively and positively affects biodiversity. More complex landscapes host more biodiversity (richness, abundance, and evenness) with potential benefits to sustainable agricultural production and conservation, and effects are likely underestimated. The few articles that assessed the combined contribution of linear (e.g., hedgerows) and areal (e.g., woodlots) elements resulted in a near-doubling of the effect sizes (i.e., biodiversity level) compared to the dominant number of studies measuring these elements separately. Similarly, positive effects on biodiversity are stronger in articles monitoring biodiversity for at least 2 y compared to the dominant 1-y monitoring efforts. Besides, positive and stronger effects exist when monitoring occurs in nonoverlapping landscapes, highlighting the need for long-term and robustly designed monitoring efforts. Living in harmony with nature will require shifting paradigms toward valuing and promoting multifunctional agriculture at the farm and landscape levels with a research agenda that untangles complex agricultural landscapes’ contributions to people and nature under current and future conditions.
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17
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Limited honeybee hive placement balances the trade-off between biodiversity conservation and crop yield of buckwheat cultivation. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Olhnuud A, Liu Y, Makowski D, Tscharntke T, Westphal C, Wu P, Wang M, van der Werf W. Pollination deficits and contributions of pollinators in apple production: a global meta‐analysis. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aruhan Olhnuud
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University 100193 Beijing China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University 100193 Beijing China
| | - David Makowski
- UMR MIA 518, INRAE AgroParisTech University Paris‐Saclay 91120 Palaiseau France
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences University of Göttingen 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Catrin Westphal
- Functional Agrobiodiversity, Department of Crop Sciences University of Göttingen 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Panlong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University 100193 Beijing China
| | - Meina Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University 100193 Beijing China
| | - Wopke van der Werf
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis Wageningen University P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen the Netherlands
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19
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Perrot T, Bretagnolle V, Gaba S. Environmentally‐friendly landscape management improves oilseed rape yields by increasing pollinators and reducing pests. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Perrot
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR7372, CNRS & Université de La Rochelle, F‐79360 Villiers‐en‐Bois France
- INRAE, UMR 1065 Sante et Agroécologie du Vignoble, ISVV Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux Sciences Agro, F‐33883 Villenave d’Ornon Cedex France
| | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR7372, CNRS & Université de La Rochelle, F‐79360 Villiers‐en‐Bois France
- LTSER « Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre », F‐79360 Villiers‐en‐Bois France
| | - Sabrina Gaba
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR7372, CNRS & Université de La Rochelle, F‐79360 Villiers‐en‐Bois France
- USC 1339 Agripop Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, INRAE, F‐79360 Villiers‐en‐Bois France
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20
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Eckerter PW, Albrecht M, Bertrand C, Gobet E, Herzog F, Pfister SC, Tinner W, Entling MH. Effects of temporal floral resource availability and non-crop habitats on broad bean pollination. LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY 2022; 37:1573-1586. [PMID: 35611158 PMCID: PMC9122849 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-022-01448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Flowering plants can enhance wild insect populations and their pollination services to crops in agricultural landscapes, especially when they flower before the focal crop. However, characterizing the temporal availability of specific floral resources is a challenge. OBJECTIVES Developing an index for the availability of floral resources at the landscape scale according to the specific use by a pollinator. Investigating whether detailed and temporally-resolved floral resource maps predict pollination success of broad bean better than land cover maps. METHODS We mapped plant species used as pollen source by bumblebees in 24 agricultural landscapes and developed an index of floral resource availability for different times of the flowering season. To measure pollination success, patches of broad bean (Vicia faba), a plant typically pollinated by bumblebees, were exposed in the center of selected landscapes. RESULTS Higher floral resource availability before bean flowering led to enhanced seed set. Floral resource availability synchronous to broad bean flowering had no effect. Seed set was somewhat better explained by land cover maps than by floral resource availability, increasing with urban area and declining with the cover of arable land. CONCLUSIONS The timing of alternative floral resource availability is important for crop pollination. The higher explanation of pollination success by land cover maps than by floral resource availability indicates that additional factors such as habitat disturbance and nesting sites play a role in pollination. Enhancing non-crop woody plants in agricultural landscapes as pollen sources may ensure higher levels of crop pollination by wild pollinators such as bumblebees. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-022-01448-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp W. Eckerter
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Matthias Albrecht
- Agricultural Landscapes and Biodiversity, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Colette Bertrand
- Agricultural Landscapes and Biodiversity, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UMR ECOSYS, AgroParisTech, Versailles, France
| | - Erika Gobet
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Felix Herzog
- Agricultural Landscapes and Biodiversity, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja C. Pfister
- Institute for Agroecology and Biodiversity (IFAB), Mannheim, Germany
| | - Willy Tinner
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin H. Entling
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
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21
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Aguilar-Benitez D, Casimiro-Soriguer I, Ferrandiz C, Torres AM. Study and QTL mapping of reproductive and morphological traits implicated in the autofertility of faba bean. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:175. [PMID: 35387612 PMCID: PMC8985305 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Autofertility describes the ability of faba bean flowers to self-fertilize thereby ensuring the productivity of this crop in the absence of pollinators or mechanical disturbance. In the legume crop faba bean (Vicia faba L.), lack of autofertility in a context of insufficient pollination can lead to a severe decrease in grain yield. Here we performed the first QTL analysis aimed at identifying the genomic regions controlling autofertility in this crop. We combined pod and seed setting scores from a recombinant inbred population (RIL) segregating for autofertility in different environments and years with measurements of morphological floral traits and pollen production and viability. This approach revealed 19 QTLs co-localizing in six genomic regions. Extensive co-localization was evident for various floral features whose QTLs clustered in chrs. I, II and V, while other QTLs in chrs. III, IV and VI revealed co-localization of flower characteristics and pod and seed set data. The percentage of phenotypic variation explained by the QTLs ranged from 8.9 for style length to 25.7 for stigma angle. In the three QTLs explaining the highest phenotypic variation (R 2 > 20), the marker alleles derived from the autofertile line Vf27. We further inspected positional candidates identified by these QTLs which represent a valuable resource for further validation. Our results advance the understanding of autofertility in faba bean and will aid the identification of responsible genes for genomic-assisted breeding in this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aguilar-Benitez
- Área de Mejora y Biotecnología, IFAPA Centro "Alameda del Obispo", Apdo. 3092, 14080, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Inés Casimiro-Soriguer
- Área de Mejora y Biotecnología, IFAPA Centro "Alameda del Obispo", Apdo. 3092, 14080, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Cristina Ferrandiz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana M Torres
- Área de Mejora y Biotecnología, IFAPA Centro "Alameda del Obispo", Apdo. 3092, 14080, Córdoba, Spain
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22
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He Q, Yang Q, Liu Q, Hu Z, Gao Q, Dong Y, Xiao J, Yu L, Cao H. The effects of beta-cypermethrin, chlorbenzuron, chlorothalonil, and pendimethalin on Apis mellifera ligustica and Apis cerana cerana larvae reared in vitro. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1407-1416. [PMID: 34897947 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Declines in bee populations and diversity have drawn international attention. The long-term use of chemical pesticides has affected bee behavior and physiology. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to four commonly used chemical pesticides (beta-cypermethrin, chlorbenzuron, chlorothalonil and pendimethalin) on the growth of Apis mellifera ligustica and Apis cerana cerana larvae reared in vitro. RESULTS Pesticide type and concentration were the main factors affecting honeybee fitness. Beta-cypermethrin and chlorbenzuron had chronic toxic effects on bee larvae. They reduced the fitness of A. m. ligustica and A. c. cerana even at low doses of 323.5 ng g-1 for beta-cypermethrin and 62.6 ng g-1 for chlorbenzuron in bee bread. The effects were positively associated with the dietary amounts of pesticides. By contrast, chlorothalonil and pendimethalin exposure did not affect bee larvae despite changes in enzyme activities. Caution is still needed with chlorothalonil, which led to a decrease in harvest adult bee numbers at a high dose (6937.2 ng g-1 ). Furthermore, a difference in pesticide resistance was observed, suggesting that A. m. ligustica may tolerate toxic effects better than A. c. cerana. CONCLUSION This study sheds new light on chronic toxicity in bee larvae exposed to residues in bee bread. The results could guide the scientific and rational use of chemical pesticides to reduce the potential risks to A. m. ligustica and A. c. cerana. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibao He
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiongqiong Liu
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaoyin Hu
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Quan Gao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongcheng Dong
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinjing Xiao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Linsheng Yu
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Beyer N, Gabriel D, Westphal C. Landscape composition modifies pollinator densities, foraging behavior and yield formation in faba beans. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Endogenous Honeybee Gut Microbiota Metabolize the Pesticide Clothianidin. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030493. [PMID: 35336069 PMCID: PMC8949661 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Including probiotics in honeybee nutrition represents a promising solution for mitigating diseases, and recent evidence suggests that various microbes possess mechanisms that can bioremediate environmental pollutants. Thus, the use of probiotics capable of degrading pesticides used in modern agriculture would help to both reduce colony losses due to the exposure of foragers to these toxic molecules and improve honeybee health and wellbeing globally. We conducted in vitro experiments to isolate and identify probiotic candidates from bacterial isolates of the honeybee gut (i.e., endogenous strains) according to their ability to (i) grow in contact with three sublethal concentrations of the pesticide clothianidin (0.15, 1 and 10 ppb) and (ii) degrade clothianidin at 0.15 ppb. The isolated bacterial strains were indeed able to grow in contact with the three sublethal concentrations of clothianidin. Bacterial growth rate differed significantly depending on the probiotic candidate and the clothianidin concentration used. Clothianidin was degraded by seven endogenous honeybee gut bacteria, namely Edwardsiella sp., two Serratia sp., Rahnella sp., Pantoea sp., Hafnia sp. and Enterobacter sp., measured within 72 h under in vitro conditions. Our findings highlight that endogenous bacterial strains may constitute the base material from which to develop a promising probiotic strategy to mitigate the toxic effects of clothianidin exposure on honeybee colony health.
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25
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Mayack C, Macherone A, Zaki AG, Filiztekin E, Özkazanç B, Koperly Y, Schick SJ, Eppley EJ, Deb M, Ambiel N, Schafsnitz AM, Broadrup RL. Environmental exposures associated with honey bee health. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131948. [PMID: 34426277 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bee health is declining on a global scale, yet the exact causes and their interactions responsible for the decline remain unknown. To more objectively study bee health, recently biomarkers have been proposed as an essential tool, because they can be rapidly quantified and standardized, serving as a comparable measure across bee species and varying environments. Here, we used a systems biology approach to draw associations between endogenous and exogenous chemical profiles, with pesticide exposure, or the abundance of the 21 most common honey bee diseases. From the analysis we identified chemical biomarkers for both pesticide exposure and bee diseases along with the mechanistic biological pathways that may influence disease onset and progression. We found a total of 2352 chemical features, from 30 different hives, sampled from seven different locations. Of these, a total of 1088 significant associations were found that could serve as chemical biomarker profiles for predicting both pesticide exposure and the presence of diseases in a bee colony. In almost all cases we found novel external environmental exposures within the top seven associations with bee diseases and pesticide exposures, with the majority having previously unknown connections to bee health. We highlight the exposure-outcome paradigm and its ability to identify previously uncategorized interactions from different environmental exposures associated with bee diseases, pesticides, mechanisms, and potential synergistic interactions of these that are responsible for honey bee health decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Mayack
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA; Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Anthony Macherone
- Life Science and Chemical Analysis Group, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Asal Ghaffari Zaki
- Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Filiztekin
- Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Özkazanç
- Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasameen Koperly
- Molecular Biology, Genetics, and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabancı University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Moniher Deb
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas Ambiel
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, USA
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26
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Oilseed Rape Shares Abundant and Generalized Pollinators with Its Co-Flowering Plant Species. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12121096. [PMID: 34940184 PMCID: PMC8704917 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Plants in semi-natural areas provide food resources for pollinators that visit pollinator-dependent crop species, such as Oilseed Rape (OSR). Here, we study the patterns of pollinator visitation on OSR and its co-flowering plants in adjacent semi-natural areas. We find that OSR is visited by pollinators that are abundant in the community and that these pollinators also visit co-flowering plant species in semi-natural areas. OSR primarily influences the pollination of plant species which have similar floral traits (i.e., other disc flowers). Plant species that attract a high abundances of bumblebees, wild bees, flies, and beetles influence the pollination of OSR the most. Our results suggest that plant species in semi-natural areas that support the high abundances of common pollinators which are generalized in their visitation are most important to the pollination of OSR, and that such plant species do not necessarily have similar floral traits to OSR. Abstract Mass-flowering crops, such as Oilseed Rape (OSR), provide resources for pollinators and benefit from pollination services. Studies that observe the community of interactions between plants and pollinators are critical to understanding the resource needs of pollinators. We observed pollinators on OSR and wild plants in adjacent semi-natural areas in Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany to quantify (1) the co-flowering plants that share pollinators with OSR, (2) the identity and functional traits of plants and pollinators in the network module of OSR, and (3) the identity of the plants and pollinators that act as network connectors and hubs. We found that four common plants share a high percentage of their pollinators with OSR. OSR and these plants all attract abundant pollinators in the community, and the patterns of sharing were not more than would be expected by chance sampling. OSR acts as a module hub, and primarily influences the other plants in its module that have similar functional traits. However, the plants that most influence the pollination of OSR have different functional traits and are part of different modules. Our study demonstrates that supporting the pollination of OSR requires the presence of semi-natural areas with plants that can support a high abundances of generalist pollinators.
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Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Pig Farms in Selected European Countries: Combining LCA and Key Performance Indicators for Biodiversity Assessment. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132011230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to combine Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) with a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) assessment focusing on biodiversity in order to examine the environmental impacts of different pig farm types (13 breeding, 23 finishing and 27 breeding-to-finishing farms) in seven European countries. In addition, the relationship between environmental impacts and selected farm management characteristics was explored. Fossil energy depletion (FED), global warming (GWP), acidification (AP) as well as marine (MEP) and fresh water (FEP) eutrophication potential were assessed by an attributional LCA and expressed per kilogram body mass net sold (BMNS). In addition, the potential biodiversity performance of all crop-livestock farms within the sample (n = 56) was evaluated with a KPI assessment of biodiversity-related field management characteristics. We found no relationship between LCA results and biodiversity scores (KPI). LCA and biodiversity performance varied more within than across farm types (breeding, finishing, breeding-to-finishing). For example, the GWP expressed per kg BMNS of the breeding unit of breeding-to-finishing farms was on average (median) 2.77 (range: 1.40–4.78) and of breeding farms 2.57 (range: 1.91–3.23) kg CO2-eq. The average (median) biodiversity theme score for breeding farms was 51% (range: 36–70%), for breeding-to-finishing farms 38% (range: 30–68%) and for finishing farms 43% (range: 28–67%). Several farm management characteristics (e.g., FCR, productivity, proportion of solid manure) correlated with all/some LCA results. Biodiversity performance depended especially on KPIs related to ecological focus areas, fertiliser management and GMO crops. The large range regarding environmental performance in both LCA and KPI assessment across farm types indicates that farm-specific improvement measures should be implemented to enhance overall environmental sustainability on farm. In conclusion, combining LCA with KPI assessment provides a more comprehensive environmental impact assessment of pig farms.
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Jones SK, Estrada-Carmona N, Juventia SD, Dulloo ME, Laporte MA, Villani C, Remans R. Agrobiodiversity Index scores show agrobiodiversity is underutilized in national food systems. NATURE FOOD 2021; 2:712-723. [PMID: 37117466 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-021-00344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of plants, animals and microorganisms that directly or indirectly support food and agriculture is critical to achieving healthy diets and agroecosystems. Here we present the Agrobiodiversity Index (based on 22 indicators), which provides a monitoring framework and informs food systems policy. Agrobiodiversity Index calculations for 80 countries reveal a moderate mean agrobiodiversity status score (56.0 out of 100), a moderate mean agrobiodiversity action score (47.8 out of 100) and a low mean agrobiodiversity commitment score (21.4 out of 100), indicating that much stronger commitments and concrete actions are needed to enhance agrobiodiversity across the food system. Mean agrobiodiversity status scores in consumption and conservation are 14-82% higher in developed countries than in developing countries, while scores in production are consistently low across least developed, developing and developed countries. We also found an absence of globally consistent data for several important components of agrobiodiversity, including varietal, functional and underutilized species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stella D Juventia
- Bioversity International, Montpellier, France
- Farming Systems Ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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29
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Obregon D, Guerrero OR, Stashenko E, Poveda K. Natural habitat partially mitigates negative pesticide effects on tropical pollinator communities. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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30
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Overview of Bee Pollination and Its Economic Value for Crop Production. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12080688. [PMID: 34442255 PMCID: PMC8396518 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary There is a rising demand for food security in the face of threats posed by a growing human population. Bees as an insect play a crucial role in crop pollination alongside other animal pollinators such as bats, birds, beetles, moths, hoverflies, wasps, thrips, and butterflies and other vectors such as wind and water. Bees contribute to the global food supply via pollinating a wide range of crops, including fruits, vegetables, oilseeds, legumes, etc. The economic benefit of bees to food production per year was reported including the cash crops, i.e., coffee, cocoa, almond and soybean, compared to self-pollination. Bee pollination improves the quality and quantity of fruits, nuts, and oils. Bee colonies are faced with many challenges that influence their growth, reproduction, and sustainability, particularly climate change, pesticides, land use, and management strength, so it is important to highlight these factors for the sake of gainful pollination. Abstract Pollination plays a significant role in the agriculture sector and serves as a basic pillar for crop production. Plants depend on vectors to move pollen, which can include water, wind, and animal pollinators like bats, moths, hoverflies, birds, bees, butterflies, wasps, thrips, and beetles. Cultivated plants are typically pollinated by animals. Animal-based pollination contributes to 30% of global food production, and bee-pollinated crops contribute to approximately one-third of the total human dietary supply. Bees are considered significant pollinators due to their effectiveness and wide availability. Bee pollination provides excellent value to crop quality and quantity, improving global economic and dietary outcomes. This review highlights the role played by bee pollination, which influences the economy, and enlists the different types of bees and other insects associated with pollination.
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31
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Chen J, Webb J, Shariati K, Guo S, Montclare JK, McArt S, Ma M. Pollen-inspired enzymatic microparticles to reduce organophosphate toxicity in managed pollinators. NATURE FOOD 2021; 2:339-347. [PMID: 37117728 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-021-00282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Pollinators support the production of the leading food crops worldwide. Organophosphates are a heavily used group of insecticides that pollinators can be exposed to, especially during crop pollination. Exposure to lethal or sublethal doses can impair fitness of wild and managed bees, risking pollination quality and food security. Here we report a low-cost, scalable in vivo detoxification strategy for organophosphate insecticides involving encapsulation of phosphotriesterase (OPT) in pollen-inspired microparticles (PIMs). We developed uniform and consumable PIMs capable of loading OPT at 90% efficiency and protecting OPT from degradation in the pH of a bee gut. Microcolonies of Bombus impatiens fed malathion-contaminated pollen patties demonstrated 100% survival when fed OPT-PIMs but 0% survival with OPT alone, or with plain sucrose within five and four days, respectively. Thus, the detrimental effects of malathion were eliminated when bees consumed OPT-PIMs. This design presents a versatile treatment that can be integrated into supplemental feeds such as pollen patties or dietary syrup for managed pollinators to reduce risk of organophosphate insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - James Webb
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kaavian Shariati
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shengbo Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jin-Kim Montclare
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Scott McArt
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Minglin Ma
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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32
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Landscape and Local Drivers Affecting Flying Insects along Fennel Crops ( Foeniculum vulgare, Apiaceae) and Implications for Its Yield. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12050404. [PMID: 33946366 PMCID: PMC8146141 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural landscapes are increasingly characterized by intensification and habitat losses. Landscape composition and configuration are known to mediate insect abundance and richness. In the context of global insect decline, and despite 75% of crops being dependent on insects, there is still a gap of knowledge about the link between pollinators and aromatic crops. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is an aromatic plant cultivated in the South of France for its essential oil, which is of great economic interest. Using pan-traps, we investigated the influence of the surrounding habitats at landscape scale (semi-natural habitat proportion and vicinity, landscape configuration) and local scale agricultural practices (insecticides and patch size) on fennel-flower-visitor abundance and richness, and their subsequent impact on fennel essential oil yield. We found that fennel may to be a generalist plant species. We did not find any effect of intense local management practices on insect abundance and richness. Landscape configuration and proximity to semi-natural habitat were the main drivers of flying insect family richness. This richness positively influenced fennel essential oil yield. Maintaining a complex configuration of patches at the landscape scale is important to sustain insect diversity and crop yield.
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Lajos K, Samu F, Bihaly ÁD, Fülöp D, Sárospataki M. Landscape structure affects the sunflower visiting frequency of insect pollinators. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8147. [PMID: 33854143 PMCID: PMC8046751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87650-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass-flowering crop monocultures, like sunflower, cannot harbour a permanent pollinator community. Their pollination is best secured if both managed honey bees and wild pollinators are present in the agricultural landscape. Semi-natural habitats are known to be the main foraging and nesting areas of wild pollinators, thus benefiting their populations, whereas crops flowering simultaneously may competitively dilute pollinator densities. In our study we asked how landscape structure affects major pollinator groups’ visiting frequency on 36 focal sunflower fields, hypothesising that herbaceous semi-natural (hSNH) and sunflower patches in the landscape neighbourhood will have a scale-dependent effect. We found that an increasing area and/or dispersion of hSNH areas enhanced the visitation of all pollinator groups. These positive effects were scale-dependent and corresponded well with the foraging ranges of the observed bee pollinators. In contrast, an increasing edge density of neighbouring sunflower fields resulted in considerably lower visiting frequencies of wild bees. Our results clearly indicate that the pollination of sunflower is dependent on the composition and configuration of the agricultural landscape. We conclude that an optimization of the pollination can be achieved if sufficient amount of hSNH areas with good dispersion are provided and mass flowering crops do not over-dominate the agricultural landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Károly Lajos
- Department of Zoology and Ecology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly utca 1, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Samu
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary.
| | - Áron Domonkos Bihaly
- Department of Zoology and Ecology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly utca 1, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| | - Dávid Fülöp
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Herman Ottó út 15, Budapest, 1022, Hungary
| | - Miklós Sárospataki
- Department of Zoology and Ecology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly utca 1, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
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34
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Ahmad S, Khalofah A, Khan SA, Khan KA, Jilani MJ, Hussain T, Skalicky M, Ghramh HA, Ahmad Z. Effects of native pollinator communities on the physiological and chemical parameters of loquat tree ( Eriobotrya japonica) under open field condition. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3235-3241. [PMID: 34121860 PMCID: PMC8176055 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild and managed pollinators are the key component of biodiversity, contributing to important ecosystem services such as pollination and supporting human food security. Pollination by insects is a crucial component of the food chain that ensures the production of fruits and strongly affects the fruit quality, but the effect of insect pollination on fruit physiological and chemical parameters is largely unknown. The current study was conducted to determine the insect pollinators diversity and their relative abundance in the loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) orchard during 2017–2019. Further, the effect of insect pollinators pollination on the physiological and chemical parameters of fruit quality as compared to control pollinated flowers was investigated. The results revealed that a total of 22 species from 3 families (Apidae, Halictidae, and Syrphidae) were identified during the flowering season. The Apidae and Syrphidae were the most frequently observed families with major groups honey bees (67.89%) and hoverflies (21.57%), respectively. Moreover, results indicated that the fruit yield by the open-pollinated flowers (22.31 ± 0.34 kg/tree) was significantly higher than the control pollinated flowers (14.80 ± 0.25 kg/tree). Physiological and chemical parameters of loquat fruit differed significantly when fruits obtained from open-pollinated flowers as compared to control pollinated flowers. These results suggested that native insect pollinators play important role in the fruit quality of loquat. Hence, maintenance of appropriate habitat of native pollinators near loquat orchards is necessary to ensure good productivity and fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saboor Ahmad
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.,Department of Entomology, Faculty of Crop and Food Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS) Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Ahlam Khalofah
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Research Centre for Advance Material Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahmshad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Crop and Food Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS) Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Research Centre for Advance Material Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Jawad Jilani
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Melbourne Burwood Campus Deakin University, Australia
| | - Taimoor Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop and Food Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS) Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Hamed A Ghramh
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Research Centre for Advance Material Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Research Centre for Advance Material Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, King Khalid University, Dhahran Al Janoub, Saudi Arabia
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35
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Rivers-Moore J, Andrieu E, Vialatte A, Ouin A. Wooded Semi-Natural Habitats Complement Permanent Grasslands in Supporting Wild Bee Diversity in Agricultural Landscapes. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11110812. [PMID: 33218064 PMCID: PMC7698930 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Loss of semi-natural habitats in agricultural landscapes negatively affects wild bees. These pollinators are, however, very important in agricultural landscapes as they enable the pollination of crops and wild plants. The aim of this study was thus to understand the respective roles of different wooded and herbaceous habitats in their ability to support a diversity of wild bees. We first found that wild bee communities differed between wooded and herbaceous habitats, some bee species being found in one type of habitat and not in the other. We also showed that wooded semi-natural habitats provide some species of pollen preferred by the bees. Finally, we found that in wooded habitats there are some interactions between plant and bee species that do not happen in permanent grasslands. However, the latter also plays an important role in the diversity of bees and plants, and these wooded and herbaceous habitats complement each other. Overall, our results underline the importance of maintaining a diversity of semi-natural habitats in agricultural landscapes to maintain a diversity of wild bees and thus promote the pollination of wild plants and crops. Abstract Loss of semi-natural habitats (SNH) in agricultural landscapes affects wild bees, often negatively. However, how bee communities respond varies and is still unclear. To date, few studies have used precise descriptors to understand these effects. Our aim was to understand the respective and complementary influences of different wooded and herbaceous habitats on wild bee communities. We selected thirty 500-m radius landscapes on a gradient of a percentage of wooded SNH in south-western France. At each landscape, we sampled wild bees in spring 2016 and plants in spring 2015 and 2016 at the forest edge, in a hedgerow, and in a permanent grassland. Pollen carried by the most abundant bee species was collected and identified. Using beta diversity indices, we showed that wild bee community composition differs between the three SNH types, and especially between herbaceous and wooded SNH. Based on Jacobs’ selection index, we showed that pollen of some plant species recorded in wooded SNH are preferentially selected by wild bees. Studying the impact of the loss of each SNH type on the global bee-pollen interaction network, we found that wooded SNH contributed to its resilience, enabling specific plant–bee interactions. Overall, our results underline the non-negligible contribution of wooded SNH to the diversity of wild bees in agricultural landscapes, and thus the importance of maintaining different types of SNH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Rivers-Moore
- DYNAFOR, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France; (E.A.); (A.V.); (A.O.)
- LTSER Zone Atelier « PYRÉNÉES GARONNE », 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Emilie Andrieu
- DYNAFOR, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France; (E.A.); (A.V.); (A.O.)
- LTSER Zone Atelier « PYRÉNÉES GARONNE », 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Aude Vialatte
- DYNAFOR, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France; (E.A.); (A.V.); (A.O.)
- LTSER Zone Atelier « PYRÉNÉES GARONNE », 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Annie Ouin
- DYNAFOR, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France; (E.A.); (A.V.); (A.O.)
- LTSER Zone Atelier « PYRÉNÉES GARONNE », 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France
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Elisante F, Ndakidemi P, Arnold SEJ, Belmain SR, Gurr GM, Darbyshire I, Xie G, Stevenson PC. Insect pollination is important in a smallholder bean farming system. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10102. [PMID: 33150065 PMCID: PMC7583606 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many crops are dependent on pollination by insects. Habitat management in agricultural landscapes can support pollinator services and even augment crop production. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important legume for the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in many low-income countries, particularly so in East Africa. While this crop is autogamous, it is frequently visited by pollinating insects that could improve yields. However, the value of pollination services to common beans (Kariasii) yield is not known. Methods We carried out pollinator-exclusion experiments to determine the contribution of insect pollinators to bean yields. We also carried out a fluorescent-dye experiment to evaluate the role of field margins as refuge for flower-visitors. Results Significantly higher yields, based on pods per plant and seeds per pod, were recorded from open-pollinated and hand-pollinated flowers compared to plants from which pollinators had been excluded indicating that flower visitors contribute significantly to bean yields. Similarly, open and hand-pollinated plants recorded the highest mean seed weight. Extrapolation of yield data to field scale indicated a potential increase per hectare from 681 kg in self-pollinated beans to 1,478 kg in open-pollinated beans indicating that flower visitors contributed significantly to crop yield of beans. Our marking study indicated that flower-visiting insects including bees, flies and lepidopterans moved from the field margin flowers into the bean crop. Overall, these results show that insect pollinators are important for optimising bean yields and an important food security consideration on smallholder farms. Field margin vegetation also provides habitat for flower-visiting insects that pollinate beans. Hence, non-crop habitats merit further research focusing on establishing which field margin species are most important and their capacity to support other ecosystem services such as natural pest regulation or even pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filemon Elisante
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Patrick Ndakidemi
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Sarah E J Arnold
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania.,Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Steven R Belmain
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Geoff M Gurr
- School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, Australia
| | - Iain Darbyshire
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Gang Xie
- Quantitative Consulting Unit, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip C Stevenson
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom.,Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Kendall LK, Gagic V, Evans LJ, Cutting BT, Scalzo J, Hanusch Y, Jones J, Rocchetti M, Sonter C, Keir M, Rader R. Self‐compatible blueberry cultivars require fewer floral visits to maximize fruit production than a partially self‐incompatible cultivar. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liam K. Kendall
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences University of New England Armidale NSW Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture Brisbane Qld Australia
| | | | - Lisa J. Evans
- Plant & Food Research Australia c/o Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Brian T. Cutting
- Plant & Food Research Australia c/o Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Qld Australia
| | | | - Yolanda Hanusch
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Jeremy Jones
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences University of New England Armidale NSW Australia
| | | | - Carolyn Sonter
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences University of New England Armidale NSW Australia
| | - Matthew Keir
- Plant & Food Research Australia c/o Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Romina Rader
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences University of New England Armidale NSW Australia
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38
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Rering CC, Franco JG, Yeater KM, Mallinger RE. Drought stress alters floral volatiles and reduces floral rewards, pollinator activity, and seed set in a global plant. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin C. Rering
- Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology USDA‐Agricultural Research Service 1700 SW 23rd Drive Gainesville Florida32608USA
| | - Jose G. Franco
- Northern Great Plains Research Laboratory USDA‐Agricultural Research Service 1701 10th Avenue SW Mandan North Dakota58554USA
- Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center USDA‐Agricultural Research Service 6883 South State Highway 23 Booneville Arkansas72927USA
| | - Kathleen M. Yeater
- Plains Area, Office of the Director USDA‐Agricultural Research Service 2150 Centre Avenue, Building D, Suite 300 Fort Collins Colorado80526USA
| | - Rachel E. Mallinger
- Department of Entomology and Nematology University of Florida 1881 Natural Areas Drive Gainesville Florida32611USA
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Vogt MAB. Developing stronger association between market value of coffee and functional biodiversity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 269:110777. [PMID: 32560996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Biodiverse coffee systems are often understood to compromise conventional commercial outcomes due to reduced yield quantity and quality. The article seeks to improve the understanding of association between functional biodiversity and coffee quality definitions to clarify synergy between biodiversity and market value, subsequently answering the question, can or does biodiversity maintain or increase the market value of coffee. The understanding is expected to improve how conventional, specialty and sustainability coffee markets encourage biodiverse coffee farms and farming landscapes. Literature related to definitions of coffee quality, associations with farm and farming landscape biodiversity and subsequent associations with market value demonstrate current explanations, assessments and understandings of coffee quality definitions and associations between coffee quality definitions, market value and biodiversity as available in scholarly literature. Stakeholder definitions of coffee quality vary and are valued differently according to market type. Biodiversity in a coffee farm can associate directly with different coffee quality definitions with subsequent influence on conventional, sustainability and specialty market values. The associations include harvest quality, determined by yield quantity and quality, and other coffee quality indicators. Detail in understanding of these associations can easily improve, particularly between coffee quality definitions already valued by specialty and sustainability markets and biodiverse coffee farms, compared to monoculture farms.
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40
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Enhancing legume crop pollination and natural pest regulation for improved food security in changing African landscapes. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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41
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Reilly JR, Artz DR, Biddinger D, Bobiwash K, Boyle NK, Brittain C, Brokaw J, Campbell JW, Daniels J, Elle E, Ellis JD, Fleischer SJ, Gibbs J, Gillespie RL, Gundersen KB, Gut L, Hoffman G, Joshi N, Lundin O, Mason K, McGrady CM, Peterson SS, Pitts-Singer TL, Rao S, Rothwell N, Rowe L, Ward KL, Williams NM, Wilson JK, Isaacs R, Winfree R. Crop production in the USA is frequently limited by a lack of pollinators. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200922. [PMID: 33043867 PMCID: PMC7423660 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the world's crops depend on pollinators, so declines in both managed and wild bees raise concerns about food security. However, the degree to which insect pollination is actually limiting current crop production is poorly understood, as is the role of wild species (as opposed to managed honeybees) in pollinating crops, particularly in intensive production areas. We established a nationwide study to assess the extent of pollinator limitation in seven crops at 131 locations situated across major crop-producing areas of the USA. We found that five out of seven crops showed evidence of pollinator limitation. Wild bees and honeybees provided comparable amounts of pollination for most crops, even in agriculturally intensive regions. We estimated the nationwide annual production value of wild pollinators to the seven crops we studied at over $1.5 billion; the value of wild bee pollination of all pollinator-dependent crops would be much greater. Our findings show that pollinator declines could translate directly into decreased yields or production for most of the crops studied, and that wild species contribute substantially to pollination of most study crops in major crop-producing regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. R. Reilly
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - D. R. Artz
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - D. Biddinger
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville, PA 17307, USA
| | - K. Bobiwash
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A1S6Canada
- Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2Canada
| | - N. K. Boyle
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Logan, UT 84322, USA
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - C. Brittain
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - J. Brokaw
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55113, USA
| | - J. W. Campbell
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory, Sidney, MT 59270, USA
| | - J. Daniels
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - E. Elle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A1S6Canada
| | - J. D. Ellis
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - S. J. Fleischer
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - J. Gibbs
- Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2Canada
| | - R. L. Gillespie
- Agriculture and Natural Resource Program, Wenatchee Valley College, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA
| | - K. B. Gundersen
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - L. Gut
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - G. Hoffman
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - N. Joshi
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - O. Lundin
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K. Mason
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - C. M. McGrady
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | - T. L. Pitts-Singer
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - S. Rao
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55113, USA
| | - N. Rothwell
- Northwest Michigan Horticultural Research Center, Michigan State University, Traverse City, MI 49684, USA
| | - L. Rowe
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - K. L. Ward
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- National Park Service, Yosemite National Park, CA 95389, USA
| | - N. M. Williams
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - J. K. Wilson
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - R. Isaacs
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - R. Winfree
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Significance of Apoidea as Main Pollinators. Ecological and Economic Impact and Implications for Human Nutrition. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12070280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wild and managed bees provide pollination services to crops and wild plants, as well as a variety of other services beneficial to humans. Honey bees are the most economically valuable pollinator worldwide. It has been calculated that 9.5% of the total economic value of agricultural production comes from insect pollination, thus amounting to just under USD 200 billion globally. More than 100 important crops depend on pollination by honey bees. The latter pollinate not only a wide number of commercial crops but also many wild plants, some of which are threatened by extinction and constitute a valuable genetic resource. Moreover, as pollinators, honey bees play a significant role in every aspect of the ecosystem by facilitating the growth of trees, flowers, and other plants that serve as food and shelter for many large and small creatures. In this paper, we describe how the reduction in honey bee populations affects various economic sectors, as well as human health.
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Cavigliasso P, Phifer CC, Adams EM, Flaspohler D, Gennari GP, Licata JA, Chacoff NP. Spatio-temporal dynamics of landscape use by the bumblebee Bombus pauloensis (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and its relationship with pollen provisioning. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0216190. [PMID: 32639984 PMCID: PMC7343142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how bees use resources at a landscape scale is essential for developing meaningful management plans that sustain populations and the pollination services they provide. Bumblebees are important pollinators for many wild and cultivated plants, and have experienced steep population declines worldwide. Bee foraging behavior can be influenced by resource availability and bees’ lifecycle stage. To better understand these relationships, we studied the habitat selection of Bombus pauloensis by tracking 17 queen bumblebees with radio telemetry in blueberry fields in Entre Ríos province, Argentina. To evaluate land use and floral resources used by bumblebees, we tracked bees before and after nest establishment and estimated home ranges using minimum convex polygons and kernel density methods. We also classified the pollen on their bodies to identify the floral resources they used from the floral species available at that time. We characterized land use for each bee as the relative proportion of GPS points inside of each land use. Bumblebees differed markedly in their movement behavior in relation to pre and post nest establishment. Bees moved over larger areas, and mostly within blueberry fields, before nest establishment. In contrast, after establishing the nest, the bees preferred the edges near forest plantations and they changed the nutritional resources to prefer wild floral species. Our study is the first to track queen bumblebee movements in an agricultural setting and relate movement changes across time and space with pollen resource availability. This study provides insight into the way bumblebee queens use different habitat elements at crucial periods in their lifecycle, showing the importance of mass flowering crops like blueberry in the first stages of queen’s lifecycle, and how diversified landscapes help support bee populations as their needs changes during different phases of their lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cavigliasso
- Programa Nacional Apícola, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Concordia, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| | - Colin C. Phifer
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University. Houghton, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Erika M. Adams
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University. Houghton, Michigan, United States of America
| | - David Flaspohler
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University. Houghton, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gerardo P. Gennari
- Programa Nacional Apícola, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Famaillá, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Julian A. Licata
- Programa Nacional Apícola, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Concordia, Entre Ríos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natacha P. Chacoff
- Instituto de Ecología Regional, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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Dowell JA, Reynolds EC, Pliakas TP, Mandel JR, Burke JM, Donovan LA, Mason CM. Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Floral Traits in Cultivated Sunflower (Helianthus annuus). J Hered 2020; 110:275-286. [PMID: 30847479 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Floral morphology and pigmentation are both charismatic and economically relevant traits associated with cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Recent work has linked floral morphology and pigmentation to pollinator efficiency and seed yield. Understanding the genetic architecture of such traits is essential for crop improvement, and gives insight into the role of genetic constraints in shaping floral diversity. A diversity panel of 288 sunflower genotypes was phenotyped for a variety of morphological, phenological, and color traits in both a greenhouse and a field setting. Association mapping was performed using 5788 SNP markers using a mixed linear model approach. Several dozen markers across 10 linkage groups were significantly associated with variation in morphological and color trait variation. Substantial trait plasticity was observed between greenhouse and field phenotyping, and associations differed between environments. Color traits mapped more strongly than morphology in both settings, with markers together explaining 16% of petal carotenoid content in the greenhouse, and 17% and 24% of variation in disc anthocyanin presence in the field and greenhouse, respectively. Morphological traits like disc size mapped more strongly in the field, with markers together explaining up to 19% of disc size variation. Loci identified here through association mapping within cultivated germplasm differ from those identified through biparental crosses between modern cultivated sunflower and either its wild progenitor or domesticated landraces. Several loci lie within genomic regions involved in domestication. Differences between phenotype expression under greenhouse and field conditions highlight the importance of plasticity in determining floral morphology and pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Dowell
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
| | - Erin C Reynolds
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | | | - Jennifer R Mandel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN
| | - John M Burke
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Lisa A Donovan
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Chase M Mason
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL.,Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.,Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Boston, MA
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Sawe T, Nielsen A, Totland Ø, Macrice S, Eldegard K. Inadequate pollination services limit watermelon yields in northern Tanzania. Basic Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kumari A, Chaudhary HK. Nutraceutical crop buckwheat: a concealed wealth in the lap of Himalayas. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:539-554. [PMID: 32290728 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1747387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Buckwheat is a crop that has gained considerable interest worldwide due to its nutritional, economical, and pharmaceutical values. To ensure food and nutritional security in a scenario of global climate change, this pseudocereal is a competent alternative to staple crops. With rising knowledge regarding the nutraceutical potential, the popularity of this species is expected to increase further in coming years. The main bioactive component of this species is rutin that has been proven to have a wide range of health-promoting benefits. Due to breeding constraints, asynchronous maturity, seed shattering, and restricted distribution, this species holds the status of an underutilized or neglected crop in many parts of the world. In the North-western Himalayan zone, it is an integral part of local dietary intake and is grown as a second crop after harvesting barley and peas. Fagopyrum esculentum and F. tataricum are the species of buckwheat cultivated in the North-western Himalayas. However, more studies in the direction of conservation, utilization, and genetic amelioration of plant genetic resources are needed to sustain food security in Southeast Asia. The present review paper accentuates the multicore potential of buckwheat besides highlighting the commercial and pharmaceutical perspective. This article also focuses on the conservation and sustainable utilization of Himalayan gene pools, desirable agronomic traits, and genetic diversity besides focusing on the biochemical and molecular response of Fagopyrum to biotic and abiotic stress including modulation of the rutin content. The role of biotechnological interventions and future prospects are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kumari
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Tissue Culture Lab, Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HP Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Harinder Kumar Chaudhary
- Molecular Cytogenetics and Tissue Culture Lab, Department of Crop Improvement, CSK HP Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Yield benefits of additional pollination to faba bean vary with cultivar, scale, yield parameter and experimental method. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2102. [PMID: 32034193 PMCID: PMC7005869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of insect pollination to crop yield are used to justify management decisions across agricultural landscapes but current methods for assessing these benefits may underestimate the importance of context. We quantify how the effects of simulated insect pollination vary between five faba bean cultivars, and to what extent this changes between years, scales, yield parameters, and experimental methods. We do this by measuring responses to standardised hand pollination treatments in controlled experiments in flight cages and in the field. Pollination treatments generally improved yield, but in some cases yield was lower with additional pollination. Pollination dependence varied with cultivar, ranging from 58% (loss in yield mass per plant without pollination) in one cultivar, to a lower yield with pollination in another (−51%). Pollination dependence also varied between flight cage and field experiments (−10 to 37% in the same cultivar and year), year (4 to 33%; same cultivar and yield parameter), and yield parameter (−4 to 46%; same cultivar and year). This variability highlights that to be robust, assessments of pollination benefits need to focus upon marketable crop outputs at a whole-plant or larger scale while including and accounting for the effects of different years, sites, methodologies and cultivars.
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Silva GRD, Pérez-Maluf R, Ribeiro GS, Gusmão ALDJ. Pollination service of Nannotrigona testaceicornis stingless bees in strawberry. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000292019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Strawberry presents moderate dependence on bee pollination service, and pollination is related to the production and quality of fruits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pollination service provided by Nannotrigona testaceicornis stingless bees in strawberry. Primary flowers of cultivar San Andreas were used in a completely randomized experimental design, with twelve replicates and five types of pollination: one N. testaceicornis visit (1V); two N. testaceicornis visits (2V); three N. testaceicornis visits (3V); natural pollination (NP); self-pollination (SP). In flowers visited by N. testaceicornis, movements and visit time were observed. The following fruit characteristics were evaluated: fruit biometry, fecundation rate of achenes, postharvest fruit quality, contribution of pollination agents and mechanisms on average fruit weight. In fruit biometry, pollination service contributed only in longitudinal length, which was higher in NP and 3V, compared to SP. In the different types of pollination, the fertilization rate of achenes did not differ and showed no effect on fresh fruit weight. In post-harvest fruit quality, 1V, 3V and NP showed better results regarding degree of deformation and marketability. Nannotrigona testaceicornis stingless bees and natural pollination contributed to the average fresh weight of strawberry fruits. Nannotrigona testaceicornis stingless bees and natural pollination provided improvement in quality and added value of fruits. Nannotrigona testaceicornis stingless bees were effective strawberry pollinators.
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Catarino R, Bretagnolle V, Perrot T, Vialloux F, Gaba S. Bee pollination outperforms pesticides for oilseed crop production and profitability. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191550. [PMID: 31594515 PMCID: PMC6790783 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature-based agriculture that reduces dependency on chemical inputs requires using ecological principles for sustainable agro-ecosystems, aiming to balance ecology, economics and social justice. There is growing evidence that pollinator-dependent crops with high insect, particularly bee, pollination service can give higher yields. However, the interacting effects between insect pollination and agricultural inputs on crop yields and farm economics remain to be established to reconcile food production with biodiversity conservation. We quantified individual and combined effects of pesticides, insect pollination and soil quality on oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) yield and gross margin, using a total of 294 farmers' fields surveyed between 2013 and 2016. We show that yield and gross margins are greater (15-40%) in fields with higher pollinator abundance than in fields with reduced pollinator abundance. This effect is, however, strongly reduced by pesticide use. Greater yields may be achieved by either increasing agrochemicals or increasing bee abundance, but crop economic returns were only increased by the latter, because pesticides did not increase yields while their costs reduced gross margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Catarino
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS and Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS and Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
- LTSER ‘Zone Atelier Plaine and Val de Sèvre’, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Thomas Perrot
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS and Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Fabien Vialloux
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS and Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Sabrina Gaba
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS and Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
- LTSER ‘Zone Atelier Plaine and Val de Sèvre’, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
- USC 1339, Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, INRA, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
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Adamidis GC, Cartar RV, Melathopoulos AP, Pernal SF, Hoover SE. Pollinators enhance crop yield and shorten the growing season by modulating plant functional characteristics: A comparison of 23 canola varieties. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14208. [PMID: 31578408 PMCID: PMC6775066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect pollination of flowers should change the within-season allocation of resources in plants. But the nature of this life-history response, particularly regarding allocation to roots, photosynthetic structures, and flowers, is empirically unresolved. This study uses a greenhouse experiment to investigate the effect of insect pollination on the reproductive output of 23 varieties of a globally important crop-canola (Brassica napus). Overall, insect pollination modified the functional characteristics (flower timing & effort, plant size & shape, seed packaging, root biomass) of canola, increasing seed production and quality, and pollinator dependence. Reproductive output and pollinator dependence were defined by strong trait trade-offs, which ranged from more pollinator-dependent plants favouring early reproductive effort, to less pollinator-dependent plants favouring a prolonged phenology with smaller plant size and lower seed quality. Seed production decreased with pollinator dependence in the absence of pollinators. The agricultural preference for hybrid varieties will increase seed production compared to open-pollinated varieties, but, even so, pollinators typically enhance seed production of both types. Our study elucidates how insect pollination alters the character and function of a globally important crop, supporting optimization of yield via intensification of insect pollination, and highlights the beneficial effects of insect pollination early in the season.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Adamidis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Ralph V Cartar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Stephen F Pernal
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Beaverlodge Research Farm, Beaverlodge, AB, Canada
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