Quantification of seed oil from species with varying oil content using supercritical fluid extraction.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2008;
19:493-8. [PMID:
18473329 DOI:
10.1002/pca.1072]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
The quantity and composition of seed oil affects seed viability and storability and hence the value of a species as a resource for nutrition and plant conservation. Supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide (SFE-CO2) offers a rapid, environmentally friendly alternative to traditional solvent extraction.
OBJECTIVE
To develop a method using SFE-CO2 to quantify the seed oil content in a broad range of species with high to low oil contents.
METHODOLOGY
Seed oil was extracted using SFE-CO2 from four crop species representing high, medium and low oil content: Helianthus annuus, Asteraceae, with ca. 55% oil; Brassica napus, Brassicaceae, with ca. 50% oil; Glycine max, Fabaceae, with ca. 20% oil; and Pisum sativum, Fabaceae, with ca. 2% oil. Extraction pressures of 5000, 6000 and 7500 psi and temperatures of 40, 60 and 80 degrees C were examined and a second step using 15% ethanol as a modifier included. Oil yields were compared with that achieved from Smalley Butt extraction. The optimised SFE-CO2 method was validated on six species from taxonomically distant families and with varying oil contents: Swietenia humilis (Meliaceae), Stenocereus thurberi (Cactaceae), Sinapis alba (Brassicaceae), Robinia pseudoacacia (Fabaceae), Poa pratensis (Poaceae) and Trachycarpus fortunei (Arecaceae).
RESULTS
The two-step extraction at 6000 psi and 80 degrees C produced oil yields equivalent to or higher than Smalley Butt extraction for all species, including challenging species from the Brassicaceae family.
CONCLUSION
SFE-CO2 enables the rapid analysis of seed oils across a broad range of seed oil contents.
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