1
|
Cardon S, Hervis YP, Bolbach G, Lopin-Bon C, Jacquinet JC, Illien F, Walrant A, Ravault D, He B, Molina L, Burlina F, Lequin O, Joliot A, Carlier L, Sagan S. A cationic motif upstream Engrailed2 homeodomain controls cell internalization through selective interaction with heparan sulfates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1998. [PMID: 37032404 PMCID: PMC10083169 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Engrailed2 (En2) is a transcription factor that transfers from cell to cell through unconventional pathways. The poorly understood internalization mechanism of this cationic protein is proposed to require an initial interaction with cell-surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). To decipher the role of GAGs in En2 internalization, we have quantified the entry of its homeodomain region in model cells that differ in their content in cell-surface GAGs. The binding specificity to GAGs and the influence of this interaction on the structure and dynamics of En2 was also investigated at the amino acid level. Our results show that a high-affinity GAG-binding sequence (RKPKKKNPNKEDKRPR), upstream of the homeodomain, controls En2 internalization through selective interactions with highly-sulfated heparan sulfate GAGs. Our data underline the functional importance of the intrinsically disordered basic region upstream of En2 internalization domain, and demonstrate the critical role of GAGs as an entry gate, finely tuning homeoprotein capacity to internalize into cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Cardon
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Yadira P Hervis
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Bolbach
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Mass Spectrometry Sciences Sorbonne University, MS3U platform, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Françoise Illien
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Astrid Walrant
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Ravault
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Bingwei He
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laura Molina
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Burlina
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lequin
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Alain Joliot
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Carlier
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Sandrine Sagan
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 75005, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) can be broadly defined as relatively short synthetic, protein derived or chimeric peptides. Their most remarkable property is their ability to cross cell barriers and facilitate the translocation of cargo, such as drugs, nucleic acids, peptides, small molecules, dyes, and many others across the plasma membrane. Over the years there have been several approaches used, adapted, and developed for the evaluation of CPP efficacies as delivery systems, with the fluorophore attachment as the most widely used approach. It has become progressively evident, that the evaluation method, in order to lead to successful outcome, should concede with the specialties of the delivery. For characterization and assessment of CPP-cargo a combination of research tools of chemistry, physics, molecular biology, engineering, and other fields have been applied. In this review, we summarize the diverse, in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches used for evaluation and characterization of CPP-based cargo delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ly Porosk
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery, Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Langel
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery, Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nguyen MT, Biriukov D, Tempra C, Baxova K, Martinez-Seara H, Evci H, Singh V, Šachl R, Hof M, Jungwirth P, Javanainen M, Vazdar M. Ionic Strength and Solution Composition Dictate the Adsorption of Cell-Penetrating Peptides onto Phosphatidylcholine Membranes. Langmuir 2022; 38:11284-11295. [PMID: 36083171 PMCID: PMC9494944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of arginine-rich positively charged peptides onto neutral zwitterionic phosphocholine (PC) bilayers is a key step in the translocation of those potent cell-penetrating peptides into the cell interior. In the past, we have shown both theoretically and experimentally that polyarginines adsorb to the neutral PC-supported lipid bilayers in contrast to polylysines. However, comparing our results with previous studies showed that the results often do not match even at the qualitative level. The adsorption of arginine-rich peptides onto 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) may qualitatively depend on the actual experimental conditions where binding experiments have been performed. In this work, we systematically studied the adsorption of R9 and K9 peptides onto the POPC bilayer, aided by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) experiments. Using MD simulations, we tested a series of increasing peptide concentrations, in parallel with increasing Na+ and Ca2+ salt concentrations, showing that the apparent strength of adsorption of R9 decreases upon the increase of peptide or salt concentration in the system. The key result from the simulations is that the salt concentrations used experimentally can alter the picture of peptide adsorption qualitatively. Using FCCS experiments with fluorescently labeled R9 and K9, we first demonstrated that the binding of R9 to POPC is tighter by almost 2 orders of magnitude compared to that of K9. Finally, upon the addition of an excess of either Na+ or Ca2+ ions with R9, the total fluorescence correlation signal is lost, which implies the unbinding of R9 from the PC bilayer, in agreement with our predictions from MD simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Thi
Hong Nguyen
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Denys Biriukov
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Carmelo Tempra
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Baxova
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Hector Martinez-Seara
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Hüseyin Evci
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy
of Sciences, Dolejškova
2155/3, CZ-18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech
Republic
| | - Vandana Singh
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy
of Sciences, Dolejškova
2155/3, CZ-18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics at Charles University, 110 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Šachl
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy
of Sciences, Dolejškova
2155/3, CZ-18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hof
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy
of Sciences, Dolejškova
2155/3, CZ-18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jungwirth
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Matti Javanainen
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 University
of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mario Vazdar
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department
of Mathematics, University of Chemistry
and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can cross the cell membrane to enter the cytosol and deliver otherwise nonpenetrant macromolecules such as proteins and oligonucleotides. For example, recent clinical trials have shown that a CPP attached to phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) resulted in higher muscle concentration, increased exon skipping, and dystrophin production relative to another study of the PMO alone in patients of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Therefore, effective design and the study of CPPs could help enhance therapies for difficult-to-treat diseases. So far, the study of CPPs for PMO delivery has been restricted to predominantly canonical l-peptides. We hypothesized that mirror-image d-peptides could have similar PMO delivery activity as well as enhanced proteolytic stability, facilitating their characterization and quantification from biological milieu. We found that several enantiomeric peptide sequences could deliver a PMO-biotin cargo with similar activities while remaining stable against serum proteolysis. The biotin label allowed for affinity capture of fully intact PMO-peptide conjugates from whole-cell and cytosolic lysates. By profiling a mixture of these constructs in cells, we determined their relative intracellular concentrations. When combined with PMO activity, these concentrations provide a new metric for delivery efficiency, which may be useful for determining which peptide sequence to pursue in further preclinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carly
K. Schissel
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Charlotte E. Farquhar
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Annika B. Malmberg
- Sarepta
Therapeutics, 215 First Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Andrei Loas
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 500 Main
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Center
for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
AbstractBiophysical studies have a very high impact on the understanding of internalization, molecular mechanisms, interactions, and localization of CPPs and CPP/cargo conjugates in live cells or in vivo. Biophysical studies are often first carried out in test-tube set-ups or in vitro, leading to the complicated in vivo systems. This review describes recent studies of CPP internalization, mechanisms, and localization. The multiple methods in these studies reveal different novel and important aspects and define the rules for CPP mechanisms, hopefully leading to their improved applicability to novel and safe therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Zorko
- University of Ljubljana, Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Vrazov trg 2, 1000Ljubljana, Slovenia,
| | - Ülo Langel
- University of Stockholm, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Svante Arrhenius väg 16, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, , and Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, Estonia, 50411
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Walrant A, Illien F, Sagan S, Rodriguez N. Challenges and Methods for the Study of CPP Translocation Mechanisms. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2383:143-52. [PMID: 34766287 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1752-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-based methods are widely used to detect crossing of peptides across model or biological membranes. For membrane-active peptides, i.e., peptides that have strong membrane tropism, fluorescence experiments must be accompanied by relevant controls, otherwise they can lead to inconsistent interpretation and underestimation of their limitations. Here we describe how to prepare samples to study fluorescent peptide crossing droplet interface bilayer (model membrane) or cell membrane (biological membrane) and the pitfalls that can affect observational qualitative and quantitative data.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
In recent decades, peptides, which can possess high potency, excellent selectivity, and low toxicity, have emerged as promising therapeutics for cancer applications. Combined with an improved understanding of tumor biology and immuno-oncology, peptides have demonstrated robust antitumor efficacy in preclinical tumor models. However, the translation of peptides with intracellular targets into clinical therapies has been severely hindered by limitations in their intrinsic structure, such as low systemic stability, rapid clearance, and poor membrane permeability, that impede intracellular delivery. In this Review, we summarize recent advances in polymer-mediated intracellular delivery of peptides for cancer therapy, including both therapeutic peptides and peptide antigens. We highlight strategies to engineer polymeric materials to increase peptide delivery efficiency, especially cytosolic delivery, which plays a crucial role in potentiating peptide-based therapies. Finally, we discuss future opportunities for peptides in cancer treatment, with an emphasis on the design of polymer nanocarriers for optimized peptide delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander N Prossnitz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sajid MI, Moazzam M, Stueber R, Park SE, Cho Y, Malik NUA, Tiwari RK. Applications of amphipathic and cationic cyclic cell-penetrating peptides: Significant therapeutic delivery tool. Peptides 2021; 141:170542. [PMID: 33794283 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new class of peptides, cyclic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), has great potential for delivering a vast variety of therapeutics intracellularly for treating diverse ailments. CPPs have been used previously; however, their further use is limited due to instability, toxicity, endosomal degradation, and insufficient cellular penetration. Cyclic CPPs are being investigated in delivering therapeutics to treat various ailments, including multi-drug resistant microbial infections, HIV, and cancer. They can act as a carrier for a variety of cargos and target intracellularly. Approximately 40 cyclic peptides-based therapeutics are available in the market, and annually one cyclic peptide-based drug enters the market. Numerous research and review articles have been published in the last decade about linear and cyclic peptides separately. This review is the first to provide a comprehensive deliberation about cationic and amphipathic cyclic CPPs. Herein, we highlights their structures, significant advantages, translocation mechanisms, and delivery application in the area of biomedical sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Sajid
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Moazzam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ryan Stueber
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Shang Eun Park
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Yeseom Cho
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Noor Ul Ain Malik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rakesh K Tiwari
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Segan D, Stanley G, Messina P, Swiecicki J, Ngo K, Vivier V, Buriez O, Labbé E. Interaction of Redox Probes and Ferrocene‐labelled Peptides with Lipid Bilayers Observed at Lipid Bilayer‐Modified Electrodes. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Segan
- PASTEUR Département de chimie École Normale Supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - George Stanley
- Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM) Département de chimie École Normale supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Pierluca Messina
- PASTEUR Département de chimie École Normale Supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Jean‐Marie Swiecicki
- Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM) Département de chimie École Normale supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Kieu Ngo
- Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Électrochimiques (LISE) Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Vincent Vivier
- Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Électrochimiques (LISE) Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Olivier Buriez
- PASTEUR Département de chimie École Normale Supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Eric Labbé
- PASTEUR Département de chimie École Normale Supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 75005 Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Batta G, Kárpáti L, Henrique GF, Tóth G, Tarapcsák S, Kovacs T, Zakany F, Mándity IM, Nagy P. Statin-boosted cellular uptake and endosomal escape of penetratin due to reduced membrane dipole potential. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3667-3681. [PMID: 33908640 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cell penetrating peptides are promising tools for delivery of cargo into cells, but factors limiting or facilitating their cellular uptake are largely unknown. We set out to study the effect of the biophysical properties of the cell membrane on the uptake of penetratin, a cell penetrating peptide. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using labelling with pH-insensitive and pH-sensitive dyes, the kinetics of cellular uptake and endo-lysosomal escape of penetratin were studied by flow cytometry. KEY RESULTS We report that escape of penetratin from acidic endo-lysosomal compartments is retarded compared with its total cellular uptake. The membrane dipole potential, known to alter transmembrane transport of charged molecules, is shown to be negatively correlated with the concentration of penetratin in the cytoplasmic compartment. Treatment of cells with therapeutically relevant concentrations of atorvastatin, an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol synthesis, significantly increased endosomal escape of penetratin in two different cell types. This effect of atorvastatin correlated with its ability to decrease the membrane dipole potential. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results highlight the importance of the dipole potential in regulating cellular uptake of cell penetrating peptides and suggest a clinically relevant way of boosting this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyula Batta
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Genetics and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Levente Kárpáti
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,TTK Lendület Artificial Transporter Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriela Fulaneto Henrique
- Department of Genetics and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Tóth
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Tarapcsák
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Utah Center for Genetic Discovery, Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tamas Kovacs
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Florina Zakany
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István M Mándity
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,TTK Lendület Artificial Transporter Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Torres C, Dumas S, Palacio-Castañeda V, Descroix S, Brock R, Verdurmen WPR. A Computational Investigation of In Vivo Cytosolic Protein Delivery for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040562. [PMID: 33921165 PMCID: PMC8071550 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to specifically block or degrade cytosolic targets using therapeutic proteins would bring tremendous therapeutic opportunities in cancer therapy. Over the last few years, significant progress has been made with respect to tissue targeting, cytosolic delivery, and catalytic inactivation of targets, placing this aim within reach. Here, we developed a mathematical model specifically built for the evaluation of approaches towards cytosolic protein delivery, involving all steps from systemic administration to translocation into the cytosol and target engagement. Focusing on solid cancer tissues, we utilized the model to investigate the effects of microvascular permeability, receptor affinity, the cellular density of targeted receptors, as well as the mode of activity (blocking/degradation) on therapeutic potential. Our analyses provide guidance for the rational optimization of protein design for enhanced activity and highlight the importance of tuning the receptor affinity as a function of receptor density as well as the receptor internalization rate. Furthermore, we provide quantitative insights into how enzymatic cargoes can enhance the distribution, extent, and duration of therapeutic activity, already at very low catalytic rates. Our results illustrate that with current protein engineering approaches, the goal of delivery of cytosolic delivery of proteins for therapeutic effects is well within reach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Torres
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.T.); (V.P.-C.); (R.B.)
| | - Simon Dumas
- Physico-Chemistry Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France; (S.D.); (S.D.)
| | - Valentina Palacio-Castañeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.T.); (V.P.-C.); (R.B.)
| | - Stéphanie Descroix
- Physico-Chemistry Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Sorbonne University, 75005 Paris, France; (S.D.); (S.D.)
| | - Roland Brock
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.T.); (V.P.-C.); (R.B.)
| | - Wouter P. R. Verdurmen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (C.T.); (V.P.-C.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zakany F, Szabo M, Batta G, Kárpáti L, Mándity IM, Fülöp P, Varga Z, Panyi G, Nagy P, Kovacs T. An ω-3, but Not an ω-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Decreases Membrane Dipole Potential and Stimulates Endo-Lysosomal Escape of Penetratin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647300. [PMID: 33912562 PMCID: PMC8074792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the largely positive intramembrane dipole potential (DP) may substantially influence the function of transmembrane proteins, its investigation is deeply hampered by the lack of measurement techniques suitable for high-throughput examination of living cells. Here, we describe a novel emission ratiometric flow cytometry method based on F66, a 3-hydroxiflavon derivative, and demonstrate that 6-ketocholestanol, cholesterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol, saturated stearic acid (SA) and ω-6 γ-linolenic acid (GLA) increase, while ω-3 α-linolenic acid (ALA) decreases the DP. These changes do not correlate with alterations in cell viability or membrane fluidity. Pretreatment with ALA counteracts, while SA or GLA enhances cholesterol-induced DP elevations. Furthermore, ALA (but not SA or GLA) increases endo-lysosomal escape of penetratin, a cell-penetrating peptide. In summary, we have developed a novel method to measure DP in large quantities of individual living cells and propose ALA as a physiological DP lowering agent facilitating cytoplasmic entry of penetratin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florina Zakany
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mate Szabo
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyula Batta
- Department of Genetics and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Levente Kárpáti
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István M. Mándity
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Lendület-Artificial Chloride Ion Transporter Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Fülöp
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Nagy
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamas Kovacs
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sachon E, Walrant A, Sagan S, Cribier S, Rodriguez N. Binding and crossing: Methods for the characterization of membrane-active peptides interactions with membranes at the molecular level. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 699:108751. [PMID: 33421380 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial and cell-penetrating peptides have been the object of extensive studies for more than 60 years. Initially these two families were studied separately, and more recently parallels have been drawn. These studies have given rise to numerous methodological developments both in terms of observation techniques and membrane models. This review presents some of the most recent original and innovative developments in this field, namely droplet interface bilayers (DIBs), new fluorescence approaches, force measurements, and photolabelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Sachon
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Astrid Walrant
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Sagan
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Cribier
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Rodriguez
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Unger MS, Schumacher L, Enzlein T, Weigt D, Zamek-Gliszczynski MJ, Schwab M, Nies AT, Drewes G, Schulz S, Reinhard FBM, Hopf C. Direct Automated MALDI Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Cellular Transporter Function: Inhibition of OATP2B1 Uptake by 294 Drugs. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11851-11859. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S. Unger
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Cellzome - a GlaxoSmithKline company, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69177 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Schumacher
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Enzlein
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - David Weigt
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maciej J. Zamek-Gliszczynski
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstr. 112, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne T. Nies
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstr. 112, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gerard Drewes
- Cellzome - a GlaxoSmithKline company, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69177 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Schulz
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Hopf
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Knox SL, Steinauer A, Alpha-Cobb G, Trexler A, Rhoades E, Schepartz A. Quantification of protein delivery in live cells using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Methods Enzymol 2020; 641:477-505. [PMID: 32713536 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a quantitative single-molecule method that measures the concentration and rate of diffusion of fluorophore-tagged molecules, both large and small, in vitro and within live cells, and even within discrete cellular compartments. FCS is exceptionally well-suited to directly quantify the efficiency of intracellular protein delivery-specifically, how well different "cell-penetrating" proteins and peptides guide proteinaceous materials into the cytosol and nuclei of live mammalian cells. This article provides an overview of the procedures necessary to execute robust FCS experiments and evaluate endosomal escape efficiencies: preparation of fluorophore-tagged proteins, incubation with mammalian cells and preparation of FCS samples, setup and execution of an FCS experiment, and a detailed discussion of and custom MATLAB® script for analyzing the resulting autocorrelation curves in the context of appropriate diffusion models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Knox
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Angela Steinauer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Garrett Alpha-Cobb
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Adam Trexler
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Elizabeth Rhoades
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alanna Schepartz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
A major barrier for drug development is ensuring molecules can access intracellular targets. This is especially true for biomolecules, which are notoriously difficult to deliver to the cytosol. Many current methods for measuring the internalization of therapeutic biomolecules are largely indirect and qualitative, and they do not offer information about subcellular localization. We recently reported a new assay, called the ChloroAlkane Penetration Assay (CAPA), that addresses some of the drawbacks of existing methods. CAPA is high-throughput, quantitative, and compartment-specific, and can be used to monitor cytosolic penetration over time and under a variety of culture conditions. We have used CAPA to investigate the cytosolic localization of peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides. In this chapter, we discuss the materials, protocols, and troubleshooting necessary to perform CAPA and appropriately analyze the data. We end with a discussion about the applications and limitations of CAPA, and we speculate on the potential of the assay and its variations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Deprey
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Joshua A Kritzer
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Váňová J, Hejtmánková A, Žáčková Suchanová J, Sauerová P, Forstová J, Hubálek Kalbáčová M, Španielová H. Influence of cell-penetrating peptides on the activity and stability of virus-based nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2020; 576:119008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.119008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
18
|
Abstract
Approximately 75% of all disease-relevant human proteins, including those involved in intracellular protein-protein interactions (PPIs), are undruggable with the current drug modalities (i.e., small molecules and biologics). Macrocyclic peptides provide a potential solution to these undruggable targets because their larger sizes (relative to conventional small molecules) endow them the capability of binding to flat PPI interfaces with antibody-like affinity and specificity. Powerful combinatorial library technologies have been developed to routinely identify cyclic peptides as potent, specific inhibitors against proteins including PPI targets. However, with the exception of a very small set of sequences, the vast majority of cyclic peptides are impermeable to the cell membrane, preventing their application against intracellular targets. This Review examines common structural features that render most cyclic peptides membrane impermeable, as well as the unique features that allow the minority of sequences to enter the cell interior by passive diffusion, endocytosis/endosomal escape, or other mechanisms. We also present the current state of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of cell penetration, the various strategies for designing cell-permeable, biologically active cyclic peptides against intracellular targets, and the assay methods available to quantify their cell-permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G. Dougherty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ashweta Sahni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Dehua Pei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases are important for many cellular processes and disruption of their regulation is a factor in diseases like cancer, therefore they are a major target of anticancer drugs. There are many ways to measure tyrosine kinase activity in cells by monitoring endogenous substrate phosphorylation, or by using peptide substrates and incubating them with cell lysates containing active kinases. However, most of these strategies rely on antibodies and/or are limited in how accurately they model the intracellular environment. In cases in which activity needs to be measured in cells, but endogenous substrates are not known and/or suitable phosphospecific antibodies are not available, cell-deliverable peptide substrates can be an alternative and can provide information on activation and inhibition of kinases in intact, live cells. In this chapter, we review this methodology and provide a protocol for measuring Abl kinase activity in human cells using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a generic antiphosphotyrosine antibody for detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Kruk
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Naomi Widstrom
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sampreeti Jena
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Nicole L Wolter
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - John F Blankenhorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ibrahim Abdalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Tzu-Yi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Laurie L Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Seisel Q, Pelletier F, Deshayes S, Boisguerin P. How to evaluate the cellular uptake of CPPs with fluorescence techniques: Dissecting methodological pitfalls associated to tryptophan-rich peptides. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2019; 1861:1533-45. [PMID: 31283917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPP) are broadly recognized as efficient non-viral vectors for the internalization of compounds such as peptides, oligonucleotides or proteins. Characterizing these carriers requires reliable methods to quantify their intracellular uptake. Flow cytometry on living cells is a method of choice but is not always applicable (e.g. big or polarized cells), so we decided to compare it to fluorescence spectroscopy on cell lysates. Surprisingly, for the internalization of a series of TAMRA-labeled conjugates formed of either cationic or amphipathic CPPs covalently coupled to a decamer peptide, we observed important differences in internalization levels between both methods. We partly explained these discrepancies by analyzing the effect of buffer conditions (pH, detergents) and peptide sequence/structure on TAMRA dye accessibility. Based on this analysis, we calculated a correction coefficient allowing a better coherence between both methods. However, an overestimated signal was still observable for both amphipathic peptides using the spectroscopic detection, which could be due to their localization at the cell membrane. Based on several in vitro experiments modeling events at the plasma membrane, we hypothesized that fluorescence of peptides entrapped in the membrane bilayer could be quenched by the tryptophan residues of close transmembrane proteins. During cell lysis, cell membranes are disintegrated liberating the entrapped peptides and restoring the fluorescence, explaining the divergences observed between flow cytometry and spectroscopy on lysates. Overall, our results highlighted major biases in the fluorescently-based quantification of internalized fluorescently-labeled CPP conjugates, which should be considered for accurate uptake quantification.
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Biomolecules have many properties that make them promising for intracellular therapeutic applications, but delivery remains a key challenge because large biomolecules cannot easily enter the cytosol. Furthermore, quantification of total intracellular versus cytosolic concentrations remains demanding, and the determination of delivery efficiency is thus not straightforward. In this review, we discuss strategies for delivering biomolecules into the cytosol and briefly summarize the mechanisms of uptake for these systems. We then describe commonly used methods to measure total cellular uptake and, more selectively, cytosolic localization, and discuss the major advantages and drawbacks of each method. We critically evaluate methods of measuring "cell penetration" that do not adequately distinguish total cellular uptake and cytosolic localization, which often lead to inaccurate interpretations of a molecule's cytosolic localization. Finally, we summarize the properties and components of each method, including the main caveats of each, to allow for informed decisions about method selection for specific applications. When applied correctly and interpreted carefully, methods for quantifying cytosolic localization offer valuable insight into the bioactivity of biomolecules and potentially the prospects for their eventual development into therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Deprey
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Lukas Becker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joshua Kritzer
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Christensen MV, Kongstad KT, Sondergaard TE, Staerk D, Nielsen HM, Franzyk H, Wimmer R. 19F-substituted amino acids as an alternative to fluorophore labels: monitoring of degradation and cellular uptake of analogues of penetratin by 19F NMR. J Biomol NMR 2019; 73:167-182. [PMID: 30887171 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-019-00239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Current methods for assessment of cellular uptake of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) often rely on detection of fluorophore-labeled CPPs. However, introduction of the fluorescent probe often confers changed physicochemical properties, so that the fluorophore-CPP conjugate may exhibit cytotoxic effects and membrane damage not exerted by the native CPP. In the present study, introduction of fluorine probes was investigated as an alternative to fluorophore labeling of a CPP, since this only confers minor changes to its overall physicochemical properties. The high sensitivity of 19F NMR spectroscopy and the absence of background signals from naturally occurring fluorine enabled detection of internalized CPP. Also, degradation of fluorine-labeled peptides during exposure to Caco-2 cells could be followed by using 19F NMR spectroscopy. In total, five fluorinated analogues of the model CPP penetratin were synthesized by using commercially available fluorinated amino acids as labels, including one analogue also carrying an N-terminal fluorophore. The apparent cellular uptake was considerably higher for the fluorophore-penetratin conjugate indicating that the fluorophore moiety promoted uptake of the peptide. The use of 19F NMR spectroscopy enabled monitoring of the fate of the CPPs over time by establishing molar balances, and by verifying CPP integrity upon uptake. Thus, the NMR-based method offers several advantages over currently widespread methods relying on fluorescence detection. The present findings provide guidelines for improved labeling strategies for CPPs, thereby expanding the repertoire of analytical techniques available for studying degradation and uptake of CPPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malene V Christensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth T Kongstad
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Teis Esben Sondergaard
- Section for Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Dan Staerk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne M Nielsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reinhard Wimmer
- Section for Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Arranz-Gibert P, Guixer B, Prades R, Ciudad S, Giralt E, Teixidó M. A MALDI-TOF-based Method for Studying the Transport of BBB Shuttles-Enhancing Sensitivity and Versatility of Cell-Based In Vitro Transport Models. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4875. [PMID: 30890722 PMCID: PMC6424956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, peptide blood-brain barrier shuttles have emerged as a promising solution for brain drugs that are not able to enter this organ. The research and development of these compounds involve the use of in vitro cell-based models of the BBB. Nevertheless, peptide transport quantification implies the use of large amounts of peptide (upper micromolar range for RP-HPLC-PDA) or of derivatives (e.g. fluorophore or quantum-dot attachment, radiolabeling) in the donor compartment in order to enhance the detection of these molecules in the acceptor well, although their structure is highly modified. Therefore, these methodologies either hamper the use of low peptide concentrations, thus hindering mechanistic studies, or do not allow the use of the unmodified peptide. Here we successfully applied a MALDI-TOF MS methodology for transport quantification in an in vitro BBB cell-based model. A light version of the acetylated peptide was evaluated, and the transport was subsequently quantified using a heavy internal standard (isotopically acetylated). We propose that this MALDI-TOF MS approach could also be applied to study the transport across other biological barriers using the appropriate in vitro transport models (e.g. Caco-2, PAMPA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pol Arranz-Gibert
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
| | - Bernat Guixer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
| | - Roger Prades
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
| | - Sonia Ciudad
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain. .,Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain.
| | - Meritxell Teixidó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona, E-08028, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Krause T, Röckendorf N, El-Sourani N, Ramaker K, Henkel M, Hauke S, Borschbach M, Frey A. Breeding Cell Penetrating Peptides: Optimization of Cellular Uptake by a Function-Driven Evolutionary Process. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:4020-4029. [PMID: 30380293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In nature, building block-based biopolymers can adapt to functional and environmental demands by recombination and mutation of the monomer sequence. We present here an analogous, artificial evolutionary optimization process which we have applied to improve the functionality of cell-penetrating peptide molecules. The "evolution" consisted of repeated rounds of in silico peptide sequence alterations using a genetic algorithm followed by in vitro peptide synthesis, experimental analysis, and ranking according to their "fitness" (i.e., their ability to carry the cargo carboxyfluorescein into cultured cells). The genetic algorithm-based optimization method was customized and adapted from former successful applications in the lab to realize an early convergence and a minimum number of in vitro and in silico processing steps by configured settings derived from empirical in silico simulation. We started out with 20 "lead peptides" which we had previously identified as top performers regarding their ability to enter cultured cells. Ten breeding rounds comprising 240 peptides each yielded a peptide population of which the top 10 candidates displayed a 6-fold (median values) increase in its cell-penetration capability compared with the top 10 lead peptides, and two consensus sequences emerged which represent local fitness optima. In addition, the cell-penetrating potential could be proven independently of the carboxyfluorescein cargo in an alternative setting. Our results demonstrate that we have established a powerful optimization technology that can be used to further improve peptides with known functionality and adapt them to specific applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Krause
- Department of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics , Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel , 23845 Borstel , Germany ; Member of Leibniz Health Technologies
| | - Niels Röckendorf
- Department of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics , Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel , 23845 Borstel , Germany ; Member of Leibniz Health Technologies
| | - Nail El-Sourani
- Faculty of Computer Science , FHDW University of Applied Sciences , 51465 Bergisch Gladbach , Germany
| | - Katrin Ramaker
- Department of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics , Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel , 23845 Borstel , Germany ; Member of Leibniz Health Technologies
| | - Maik Henkel
- Department of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics , Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel , 23845 Borstel , Germany ; Member of Leibniz Health Technologies
| | - Sascha Hauke
- Faculty of Computer Science , FHDW University of Applied Sciences , 51465 Bergisch Gladbach , Germany
| | - Markus Borschbach
- Faculty of Computer Science , FHDW University of Applied Sciences , 51465 Bergisch Gladbach , Germany
| | - Andreas Frey
- Department of Mucosal Immunology and Diagnostics , Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel , 23845 Borstel , Germany ; Member of Leibniz Health Technologies
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Biomolecules such as antibodies, proteins, and peptides are important tools for chemical biology and leads for drug development. They have been used to inhibit a variety of extracellular proteins, but accessing intracellular proteins has been much more challenging. In this review, we discuss diverse chemical approaches that have yielded cell-penetrant peptides and identify three distinct strategies: masking backbone amides, guanidinium group patterning, and amphipathic patterning. We summarize a growing number of large data sets, which are starting to reveal more specific design guidelines for each strategy. We also discuss advantages and disadvantages of current methods for quantifying cell penetration. Finally, we provide an overview of best-odds approaches for applying these new methods and design principles to optimize cytosolic penetration for a given bioactive peptide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Peraro
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155, USA
| | - Joshua A Kritzer
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, 02155, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Peraro
- Department of Chemistry Tufts University Medford Massachusetts 02155 USA
| | - Joshua A. Kritzer
- Department of Chemistry Tufts University Medford Massachusetts 02155 USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Numata K, Horii Y, Oikawa K, Miyagi Y, Demura T, Ohtani M. Library screening of cell-penetrating peptide for BY-2 cells, leaves of Arabidopsis, tobacco, tomato, poplar, and rice callus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10966. [PMID: 30030484 PMCID: PMC6054692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are used for various applications, especially in the biomedical field. Recently, CPPs have been used as a part of carrier to deliver proteins and/or genes into plant cells and tissues; hence, these peptides are attractive tools for plant biotechnological and agricultural applications, but require more efficient delivery rates and optimization by species before wide-scale use can be achieved. Here, we developed a library containing 55 CPPs to determine the optimal CPP characteristics for penetration of BY-2 cells and leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, Arabidopsis thaliana, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), poplar (hybrid aspen Populus tremula × tremuloides line T89), and rice (Oryza sativa). By investigating the cell penetration efficiency of CPPs in the library, we identified several efficient CPPs for all the plants studied except rice leaf. In the case of rice, several CPPs showed efficient penetration into rice callus. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between cell penetration efficiency and CPP secondary structural characteristics. The cell penetration efficiency of Lys-containing CPPs was relatively greater in plant than in animal cells, which could be due to differences in lipid composition and surface charge of the cell membranes. The variation in optimal CPPs across the plants studied here suggests that CPPs must be optimized for each plant species and target tissues of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Yoko Horii
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazusato Oikawa
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yu Miyagi
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Becker W, Bhattiprolu KC, Gubensäk N, Zangger K. Investigating Protein-Ligand Interactions by Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:895-906. [PMID: 29314603 PMCID: PMC5915746 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein-ligand interactions are of fundamental importance in almost all processes in living organisms. The ligands comprise small molecules, drugs or biological macromolecules and their interaction strength varies over several orders of magnitude. Solution NMR spectroscopy offers a large repertoire of techniques to study such complexes. Here, we give an overview of the different NMR approaches available. The information they provide ranges from the simple information about the presence of binding or epitope mapping to the complete 3 D structure of the complex. NMR spectroscopy is particularly useful for the study of weak interactions and for the screening of binding ligands with atomic resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter Becker
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28A-8010GrazAustria
| | | | - Nina Gubensäk
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28A-8010GrazAustria
| | - Klaus Zangger
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28A-8010GrazAustria
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Living organisms have to maintain a stable balance in molecules and ions in the changing environment in which they are living, a process known as homeostasis. At the level of cells, the plasma membrane has a major role in homeostasis, since this hydrophobic film prevents passive diffusion of large and hydrophilic molecules between the extracellular and intracellular milieu. Living organisms have evolved with highly sophisticated transport systems to control exchanges across this barrier: import of nutrients and fuel essential for their survival; recognition of chemical or physical messengers allowing information interchanges with surrounding cells. Besides specialized proteins, endocytosis mechanisms at the level of the lipid bilayer can transport molecules from the outside across the cell membrane, in an energy-dependent manner. The cell membrane is highly heterogeneous in its molecular composition (tens of different lipids, proteins, polysaccharides, and combinations of these) and dynamic with bending, deformation, and elastic properties that depend on the local composition of membrane domains. Many viruses, microorganisms, and toxins exploit the plasma membrane to enter into cells. Chemists develop strategies to target the plasma membrane with molecules capable of circumventing this hydrophobic barrier, in particular to transport and deliver nonpermeable drugs in cells for biotechnological or pharmaceutical purposes. Drug delivery systems are numerous and include lipid-, sugar-, protein-, and peptide-based delivery systems, since these biomolecules generally have good biocompatibility, biodegradability, environmental sustainability, cost effectiveness, and availability. Among those, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), reported for the first time in the early 1990s, are attracting major interest not only as potential drug delivery systems but also at the level of fundamental research. It was indeed demonstrated very early that these peptides, which generally correspond to highly cationic sequences, can still cross the cell membrane at 4 °C, a temperature at which all active transport and endocytosis pathways are totally inhibited. Therefore, how these charged hydrophilic peptides cross the hydrophobic membrane barrier is of utmost interest as a pure basic and physicochemical question. In this Account, we focus on cationic cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) and the way they cross cell membranes. We summarize the history of this field that emerged around 20 years ago. CPPs were indeed first identified as protein-transduction domains from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) TAT protein and the Antennapedia homeoprotein, a transcription factor from Drosophila. We highlight our contribution to the elucidation of CPP internalization pathways, in particular translocation, which implies perturbation and reorganization of the lipid bilayer, and endocytosis depending on sulfated glycosaminoglycans. We show a particular role of Trp (indole side chain) and Arg (guanidinium side chain), which are essential amino acids for CPP internalization. Interactions with the cell-surface are not only Coulombic; H-bonds and hydrophobic interactions contribute also significantly to CPP entry. The capacity of CPPs to cross cell membrane is not related to their strength of membrane binding. Finally, we present optimized methods based on mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopy that allow unequivocal quantification of CPPs inside cells or bound to the outer leaflet of the membrane, and discuss some limitations of the technique of flow cytometry that we have recently highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Walrant
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, École normale
supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules
(LBM), 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Cardon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, École normale
supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules
(LBM), 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Burlina
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, École normale
supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules
(LBM), 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Sagan
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, École normale
supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules
(LBM), 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Jiao CY, Sachon E, Alves ID, Chassaing G, Bolbach G, Sagan S. Exploiting Benzophenone Photoreactivity To Probe the Phospholipid Environment and Insertion Depth of the Cell-Penetrating Peptide Penetratin in Model Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Jiao
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Emmanuelle Sachon
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; Plateforme de Spectrométrie de Masse et Protéomique, IBPS, FRE3631; 7-9 quai St Bernard 75005 Paris France
| | - Isabel D. Alves
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Present address: Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nanoobjects; University of Bordeaux, Bat. B14; allée Geoffroy St Hilaire 33600 Pessac France
| | - Gérard Chassaing
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Gérard Bolbach
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; Plateforme de Spectrométrie de Masse et Protéomique, IBPS, FRE3631; 7-9 quai St Bernard 75005 Paris France
| | - Sandrine Sagan
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jiao CY, Sachon E, Alves ID, Chassaing G, Bolbach G, Sagan S. Exploiting Benzophenone Photoreactivity To Probe the Phospholipid Environment and Insertion Depth of the Cell-Penetrating Peptide Penetratin in Model Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8226-8230. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Jiao
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Emmanuelle Sachon
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; Plateforme de Spectrométrie de Masse et Protéomique, IBPS, FRE3631; 7-9 quai St Bernard 75005 Paris France
| | - Isabel D. Alves
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Present address: Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nanoobjects; University of Bordeaux, Bat. B14; allée Geoffroy St Hilaire 33600 Pessac France
| | - Gérard Chassaing
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Gérard Bolbach
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; Plateforme de Spectrométrie de Masse et Protéomique, IBPS, FRE3631; 7-9 quai St Bernard 75005 Paris France
| | - Sandrine Sagan
- Department of Chemistry; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PSL Research University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM); 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rossato M, Miralles G, M'Kadmi C, Maingot M, Amblard M, Mouillac B, Gagne D, Martinez J, Subra G, Enjalbal C, Cantel S. Quantitative MALDI-MS Binding Assays: An Alternative to Radiolabeling. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2582-2587. [PMID: 27922213 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabeling of ligands is still the gold standard in the study of high-affinity receptor-ligand interactions. In an effort toward safer and simpler alternatives to the use of radioisotopes, we developed a quantitative and highly sensitive matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) method that relies on the use of chemically tagged ligands designed to be specifically detectable when present as traces in complex biological mixtures such as cellular lysates. This innovative technology allows easy, sensitive detection and accurate quantification of analytes at the sub-nanomolar level. After statistical validation, we were able to perform pharmacological evaluations of G protein-coupled receptor (V1A-R)-ligand interactions. Both saturation and competitive binding assays were successfully processed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Rossato
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Guillaume Miralles
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Céline M'Kadmi
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Mathieu Maingot
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Muriel Amblard
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Bernard Mouillac
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), 141 Rue de la Cardonille, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Didier Gagne
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Gilles Subra
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Christine Enjalbal
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sonia Cantel
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Illien F, Rodriguez N, Amoura M, Joliot A, Pallerla M, Cribier S, Burlina F, Sagan S. Quantitative fluorescence spectroscopy and flow cytometry analyses of cell-penetrating peptides internalization pathways: optimization, pitfalls, comparison with mass spectrometry quantification. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36938. [PMID: 27841303 DOI: 10.1038/srep36938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of cell-penetrating peptides entry into cells is unclear, preventing the development of more efficient vectors for biotechnological or therapeutic purposes. Here, we developed a protocol relying on fluorometry to distinguish endocytosis from direct membrane translocation, using Penetratin, TAT and R9. The quantities of internalized CPPs measured by fluorometry in cell lysates converge with those obtained by our previously reported mass spectrometry quantification method. By contrast, flow cytometry quantification faces several limitations due to fluorescence quenching processes that depend on the cell line and occur at peptide/cell ratio >6.108 for CF-Penetratin. The analysis of cellular internalization of a doubly labeled fluorescent and biotinylated Penetratin analogue by the two independent techniques, fluorometry and mass spectrometry, gave consistent results at the quantitative and qualitative levels. Both techniques revealed the use of two alternative translocation and endocytosis pathways, whose relative efficacy depends on cell-surface sugars and peptide concentration. We confirmed that Penetratin translocates at low concentration and uses endocytosis at high μM concentrations. We further demonstrate that the hydrophobic/hydrophilic nature of the N-terminal extremity impacts on the internalization efficiency of CPPs. We expect these results and the associated protocols to help unraveling the translocation pathway to the cytosol of cells.
Collapse
|
34
|
Sugawara K, Shinohara H, Kadoya T, Kuramitz H. Sensing lymphoma cells based on a cell-penetrating/apoptosis-inducing/electron-transfer peptide probe. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 924:106-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
35
|
Rezgui R, Blumer K, Yeoh-Tan G, Trexler AJ, Magzoub M. Precise quantification of cellular uptake of cell-penetrating peptides using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1858:1499-506. [PMID: 27033412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have emerged as a potentially powerful tool for drug delivery due to their ability to efficiently transport a whole host of biologically active cargoes into cells. Although concerted efforts have shed some light on the cellular internalization pathways of CPPs, quantification of CPP uptake has proved problematic. Here we describe an experimental approach that combines two powerful biophysical techniques, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), to directly, accurately and precisely measure the cellular uptake of fluorescently-labeled molecules. This rapid and technically simple approach is highly versatile and can readily be applied to characterize all major CPP properties that normally require multiple assays, including amount taken up by cells (in moles/cell), uptake efficiency, internalization pathways, intracellular distribution, intracellular degradation and toxicity threshold. The FACS-FCS approach provides a means for quantifying any intracellular biochemical entity, whether expressed in the cell or introduced exogenously and transported across the plasma membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Rezgui
- Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Katy Blumer
- Physics Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gilbert Yeoh-Tan
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Adam J Trexler
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mazin Magzoub
- Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu H, Zeng F, Zhang M, Huang F, Wang J, Guo J, Liu C, Wang H. Emerging landscape of cell penetrating peptide in reprogramming and gene editing. J Control Release 2016; 226:124-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
37
|
Swiecicki JM, Thiebaut F, Di Pisa M, Gourdin-Bertin S, Tailhades J, Mansuy C, Burlina F, Chwetzoff S, Trugnan G, Chassaing G, Lavielle S. How to unveil self-quenched fluorophores and subsequently map the subcellular distribution of exogenous peptides. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20237. [PMID: 26839211 PMCID: PMC4738315 DOI: 10.1038/srep20237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is the most popular technique for mapping the subcellular distribution of a fluorescent molecule and is widely used to investigate the penetration properties of exogenous macromolecules, such as cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), within cells. Despite the membrane-association propensity of all these CPPs, the signal of the fluorescently labeled CPPs did not colocalize with the plasma membrane. We studied the origin of this fluorescence extinction and the overall consequence on the interpretation of intracellular localizations from CLSM pictures. We demonstrated that this discrepancy originated from fluorescence self-quenching. The fluorescence was unveiled by a “dilution” protocol, i.e. by varying the ratio fluorescent/non-fluorescent CPP. This strategy allowed us to rank with confidence the subcellular distribution of several CPPs, contributing to the elucidation of the penetration mechanism. More generally, this study proposes a broadly applicable and reliable method to study the subcellular distribution of any fluorescently labeled molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Swiecicki
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure - PSL research University, Département de Chimie, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7203, LBM, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Thiebaut
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure - PSL research University, Département de Chimie, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7203, LBM, Paris, France
| | - Margherita Di Pisa
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure - PSL research University, Département de Chimie, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7203, LBM, Paris, France
| | - Simon Gourdin-Bertin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, PHENIX, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8234, PHENIX, Paris, France
| | - Julien Tailhades
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure - PSL research University, Département de Chimie, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7203, LBM, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Mansuy
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure - PSL research University, Département de Chimie, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7203, LBM, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Burlina
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure - PSL research University, Département de Chimie, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7203, LBM, Paris, France
| | - Serge Chwetzoff
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.,INSERM-ERL 1157, CHU Saint Antoine, 27 rue de Chaligny, 75012 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, 75012 Paris, France.,INRA, UR892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, 78350 Jouy-en-Jossas, France
| | - Germain Trugnan
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, 75012 Paris, France.,INRA, UR892, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, 78350 Jouy-en-Jossas, France
| | - Gérard Chassaing
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure - PSL research University, Département de Chimie, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7203, LBM, Paris, France
| | - Solange Lavielle
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, LBM, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.,Ecole Normale Supérieure - PSL research University, Département de Chimie, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7203, LBM, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Schmidt S, Adjobo-Hermans MJW, Wallbrecher R, Verdurmen WPR, Bovée-Geurts PHM, van Oostrum J, Milletti F, Enderle T, Brock R. Detecting Cytosolic Peptide Delivery with the GFP Complementation Assay in the Low Micromolar Range. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
39
|
Schmidt S, Adjobo-Hermans MJW, Wallbrecher R, Verdurmen WPR, Bovée-Geurts PHM, van Oostrum J, Milletti F, Enderle T, Brock R. Detecting Cytosolic Peptide Delivery with the GFP Complementation Assay in the Low Micromolar Range. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15105-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
40
|
Swiecicki JM, Di Pisa M, Burlina F, Lécorché P, Mansuy C, Chassaing G, Lavielle S. Accumulation of cell-penetrating peptides in large unilamellar vesicles: A straightforward screening assay for investigating the internalization mechanism. Biopolymers 2015; 104:533-43. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Swiecicki
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; LBM, 4, Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Département de Chimie; Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University; 24, Rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7203, LBM 75005 Paris France
| | - Margherita Di Pisa
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; LBM, 4, Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Département de Chimie; Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University; 24, Rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7203, LBM 75005 Paris France
| | - Fabienne Burlina
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; LBM, 4, Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Département de Chimie; Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University; 24, Rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7203, LBM 75005 Paris France
| | - Pascaline Lécorché
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; LBM, 4, Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Département de Chimie; Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University; 24, Rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7203, LBM 75005 Paris France
| | - Christelle Mansuy
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; LBM, 4, Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Département de Chimie; Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University; 24, Rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7203, LBM 75005 Paris France
| | - Gérard Chassaing
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; LBM, 4, Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Département de Chimie; Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University; 24, Rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7203, LBM 75005 Paris France
| | - Solange Lavielle
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06; LBM, 4, Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
- Département de Chimie; Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University; 24, Rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
- CNRS; UMR 7203, LBM 75005 Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Leiber D, Burlina F, Byrne C, Robin P, Piesse C, Gonzalez L, Leclercq G, Tanfin Z, Jacquot Y. The sequence Pro295-Thr311 of the hinge region of oestrogen receptor α is involved in ERK1/2 activation via GPR30 in leiomyoma cells. Biochem J 2015; 472:97-109. [PMID: 26371374 DOI: 10.1042/BJ20150744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ERα (oestrogen receptor α)-derived peptide ERα17p activates rapid signalling events in breast carcinoma cells under steroid-deprived conditions. In the present study, we investigated its effects in ELT3 leiomyoma cells under similar conditions. We show that it activates ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2), the Gαi protein, the trans-activation of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and, finally, cell proliferation. It is partially internalized in cells and induces membrane translocation of β-arrestins. The activation of ERK1/2 is abolished by the GPR30 (G-protein-coupled receptor 30) antagonist G15 and GPR30 siRNA. When ERα is down-regulated by prolonged treatment with E2 (oestradiol) or specific ERα siRNA, the peptide response is blunted. Thus the simultaneous presence of GPR30 and ERα is required for the action of ERα17p. In addition, its PLM sequence, which interferes with the formation of the ERα-calmodulin complex, appears to be requisite for the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and cell proliferation. Hence ERα17p is, to our knowledge, the first known peptide targeting ERα-GPR30 membrane cross-talk and the subsequent receptor-mediated biological effects.
Collapse
|
42
|
Howl J, Jones S. Insights into the molecular mechanisms of action of bioportides: a strategy to target protein-protein interactions. Expert Rev Mol Med 2015; 17. [DOI: 10.1017/erm.2014.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are reliable vehicles for the target-selective intracellular delivery of therapeutic agents. The identification and application of numerous intrinsically bioactive CPPs, now designated as bioportides, is further endorsement of the tremendous clinical potential of CPP technologies. The refinement of proteomimetic bioportides, particularly sequences that mimic cationic α-helical domains involved in protein-protein interactions (PPIs), provides tremendous opportunities to modulate this emergent drug modality in a clinical setting. Thus, a number of CPP-based constructs are currently undergoing clinical trials as human therapeutics, with a particular focus upon anti-cancer agents. A well-characterised array of synthetic modifications, compatible with modern solid-phase synthesis, can be utilised to improve the biophysical and pharmacological properties of bioportides and so achieve cell-and tissue-selective targeting in vivo. Moreover, considering the recent successful development of stapled α-helical peptides as anti-cancer agents, we hypothesise that similar structural modifications are applicable to the design of bioportides that more effectively modulate the many interactomes known to underlie human diseases. Thus, we propose that stapled-helical bioportides could satisfy all of the clinical requirements for metabolically stable, intrinsically cell-permeable agents capable of regulating discrete PPIs by a dominant negative mode of action with minimal toxicity.
Collapse
|
43
|
Di Pisa M, Chassaing G, Swiecicki JM. Translocation Mechanism(s) of Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Biophysical Studies Using Artificial Membrane Bilayers. Biochemistry 2014; 54:194-207. [DOI: 10.1021/bi501392n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Di Pisa
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, F-75005 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, F-75005 Paris, France
- ENS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules,
Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Gérard Chassaing
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, F-75005 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, F-75005 Paris, France
- ENS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules,
Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Swiecicki
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, F-75005 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, F-75005 Paris, France
- ENS, UMR 7203, Laboratoire des Biomolécules,
Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hyrup Møller L, Bahnsen JS, Nielsen HM, Østergaard J, Stürup S, Gammelgaard B. Selenium as an alternative peptide label - comparison to fluorophore-labelled penetratin. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 67:76-84. [PMID: 25447743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the impact on peptide properties of labelling peptides with the fluorophore TAMRA or the selenium (Se) containing amino acid SeMet was evaluated. Three differently labelled variants of the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) penetratin (Pen) were synthesized, PenM(Se), TAMRA-PenM(Se) and TAMRA-Pen. The labelled peptides were characterized in terms of hydrodynamic radius, secondary structure during peptide-membrane interaction, effect on membrane leakage induction, uptake efficiency in HeLa cells. Furthermore, stability of peptides and identities of degradation products in cell media and cell lysate were evaluated. TAMRA-labelling increased the hydrodynamic radius of Pen and PenM(Se) significantly. Labelling with Se caused no or minimal changes in size, secondary structure and membrane leakage induction in concentration levels relevant for cellular uptake studies. Similar degradation patterns of all labelled peptides were observed in HBSS media; degradation was mainly due to oxidation. Cellular uptake was significantly higher for the TAMRA labelled peptides as compared to Se-labelled Pen. Extensive degradation was observed in media during cellular uptake studies, however, in all cell lysates, primarily the intact peptide (PenM(Se), TAMRA-PenM(Se) or TAMRA-Pen) was observed. Selenium labelling caused minimal alteration of the physicochemical properties of the peptide and allowed for absolute quantitative determination of cellular uptake by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Selenium is thus proposed as a promising alternative label for quantification of peptides in general, altering the properties of the peptide to a minor extent as compared to commonly used peptide labels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Stürup
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Matson Dzebo M, Reymer A, Fant K, Lincoln P, Nordén B, Rocha S. Enhanced cellular uptake of antisecretory peptide AF-16 through proteoglycan binding. Biochemistry 2014; 53:6566-73. [PMID: 25289567 DOI: 10.1021/bi5010377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptide AF-16, which includes the active site of Antisecretory Factor protein, has antisecretory and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a potent drug candidate for treatment of secretory and inflammatory diseases such as diarrhea, inflammatory bowel diseases, and intracranial hypertension. Despite remarkable physiological effects and great pharmaceutical need for drug discovery, very little is yet understood about AF-16 mechanism of action. In order to address interaction mechanisms, we investigated the binding of AF-16 to sulfated glycosaminoglycan, heparin, with focus on the effect of pH and ionic strength, and studied the influence of cell-surface proteoglycans on cellular uptake efficiency. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry experiments on wild type and proteoglycan-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells reveal an endocytotic nature of AF-16 cellular uptake that is, however, less efficient for the cells lacking cell-surface proteoglycans. Isothermal titration calorimetry provides quantitative thermodynamic data and evidence for that the peptide affinity to heparin increases at lower pH and ionic strength. Experimental data, supported by theoretical modeling, of peptide-glycosaminoglycan interaction indicate that it has a large electrostatic contribution, which will be enhanced in diseases accompanied by decreased pH and ionic strength. These observations show that cell-surface proteoglycans are of general and crucial importance for the antisecretory and anti-inflammatory activities of AF-16.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Matson Dzebo
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology , SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Park HH, Sohn Y, Yeo JW, Park JH, Lee HJ, Ryu J, Rhee WJ, Park TH. Dimerization of 30Kc19 protein in the presence of amphiphilic moiety and importance of Cys-57 during cell penetration. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:1582-93. [PMID: 25143246 PMCID: PMC4283735 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the recombinant 30Kc19 protein, originating from silkworm hemolymph of Bombyx mori has attracted attention due to its cell-penetrating property and potential application as a protein delivery system. However, this observation of penetration across cell membrane has raised questions concerning the interaction of the protein-lipid bilayer. Here, we report a dimerization propensity of the 30Kc19 protein in the presence of amphiphilic moieties; sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or phospholipid. Native PAGE showed that the 30Kc19 monomer formed a dimer when SDS or phospholipid was present. In the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay, supplementation of the 30Kc19 protein to mammalian cell culture medium showed dimerization and penetration; due to phospholipids at the cell membrane, the main components of the lipid bilayer. Mutagenesis was performed, and penetration was observed by 30Kc19 C76A and not 30Kc19 C57A, which meant that the presence of cysteine at position 57 (Cys-57) is involved in dimerization of the 30Kc19 at the cell membrane during penetration. We anticipate application of the native 30Kc19 protein with high cell-penetrating efficiency for delivery of cargos to various cell types. The intracellular cargo delivery using the 30Kc19 protein is a non-virus derived (e.g. TAT) delivery method, which can open up new approaches for the delivery of therapeutics in bioindustries, such as pharma- and cosmeceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Ho Park
- The School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cordier C, Boutimah F, Bourdeloux M, Dupuy F, Met E, Alberti P, Loll F, Chassaing G, Burlina F, Saison-Behmoaras TE. Delivery of antisense peptide nucleic acids to cells by conjugation with small arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptide (R/W)9. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104999. [PMID: 25127364 PMCID: PMC4134252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are very attractive antisense and antigene agents, but these molecules are not passively taken into cells. Here, using a functional cell assay and fluorescent-based methods, we investigated cell uptake and antisense activity of a tridecamer PNA that targets the HIV-1 polypurine tract sequence delivered using the arginine-rich (R/W)9 peptide (RRWWRRWRR). At micromolar concentrations, without use of any transfection agents, almost 80% inhibition of the target gene expression was obtained with the conjugate in the presence of the endosomolytic agent chloroquine. We show that chloroquine not only induced escape from endosomes but also enhanced the cellular uptake of the conjugate. Mechanistic studies revealed that (R/W)9-PNA conjugates were internalized via pinocytosis. Replacement of arginines with lysines reduced the uptake of the conjugate by six-fold, resulting in the abolition of intracellular target inhibition. Our results show that the arginines play a crucial role in the conjugate uptake and antisense activity. To determine whether specificity of the interactions of arginines with cell surface proteoglycans result in the internalization, we used flow cytometry to examine uptake of arginine- and lysine-rich conjugates in wild-type CHO-K1 and proteoglycan-deficient A745 cells. The uptake of both conjugates was decreased by four fold in CHO-745 cells; therefore proteoglycans promote internalization of cationic peptides, irrespective of the chemical nature of their positive charges. Our results show that arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides, especially (R/W)9, are a promising tool for PNA internalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Cordier
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1154, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7196, Paris, France
| | - Fatima Boutimah
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1154, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7196, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Bourdeloux
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1154, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7196, Paris, France
| | - Florian Dupuy
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1154, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7196, Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Met
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1154, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7196, Paris, France
| | - Patrizia Alberti
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1154, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7196, Paris, France
| | - François Loll
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1154, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7196, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Chassaing
- UPMC-Univ Paris 06, Laboratoire des BioMolécules, Université P. et M. Curie, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7203, Paris, France
- ENS, UMR 7203, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Burlina
- UPMC-Univ Paris 06, Laboratoire des BioMolécules, Université P. et M. Curie, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7203, Paris, France
- ENS, UMR 7203, Département de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Tula Ester Saison-Behmoaras
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1154, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7196, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bechara C, Pallerla M, Burlina F, Illien F, Cribier S, Sagan S. Massive glycosaminoglycan-dependent entry of Trp-containing cell-penetrating peptides induced by exogenous sphingomyelinase or cholesterol depletion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:809-20. [PMID: 25112713 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Among non-invasive cell delivery strategies, cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) vectors represent interesting new tools. To get fundamental knowledge about the still debated internalisation mechanisms of these peptides, we modified the membrane content of cells, typically by hydrolysis of sphingomyelin or depletion of cholesterol from the membrane outer leaflet. We quantified and visualised the effect of these viable cell surface treatments on the internalisation efficiency of different CPPs, among which the most studied Tat, R9, penetratin and analogues, that all carry the N-terminal biotin-Gly4 tag cargo. Under these cell membrane treatments, only penetratin and R6W3 underwent a massive glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-dependent entry in cells. Internalisation of the other peptides was only slightly increased, similarly in the absence or the presence of GAGs for R9, and only in the presence of GAGs for Tat and R6L3. Ceramide formation (or cholesterol depletion) is known to lead to the reorganisation of membrane lipid domains into larger platforms, which can serve as a trap and cluster receptors. These results show that GAG clustering, enhanced by formation of ceramide, is efficiently exploited by penetratin and R6W3, which contains Trp residues in their sequence but not Tat, R9 and R6L3. Hence, these data shed new lights on the differences in the internalisation mechanism and pathway of these peptides that are widely used in delivery of cargo molecules.
Collapse
|
49
|
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Brock
- Department
of Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein
28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Favretto ME, Wallbrecher R, Schmidt S, van de Putte R, Brock R. Glycosaminoglycans in the cellular uptake of drug delivery vectors – Bystanders or active players? J Control Release 2014; 180:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|