1
|
Zhang B, Zhang H, Luo H, Hua H, Wu X, Chen Y, Zhou S, Yin J, Zhang K, Liao HG, Wang Q, Zou Y, Qiao Y, Sun SG. Manipulated Fluoro-Ether Derived Nucleophilic Decomposition Products for Mitigating Polarization-Induced Capacity Loss in Li-Rich Layered Cathode. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316790. [PMID: 38116869 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Electrolyte engineering is a fascinating choice to improve the performance of Li-rich layered oxide cathodes (LRLO) for high-energy lithium-ion batteries. However, many existing electrolyte designs and adjustment principles tend to overlook the unique challenges posed by LRLO, particularly the nucleophilic attack. Here, we introduce an electrolyte modification by locally replacing carbonate solvents in traditional electrolytes with a fluoro-ether. By benefit of the decomposition of fluoro-ether under nucleophilic O-related attacks, which delivers an excellent passivation layer with LiF and polymers, possessing rigidity and flexibility on the LRLO surface. More importantly, the fluoro-ether acts as "sutures", ensuring the integrity and stability of both interfacial and bulk structures, which contributed to suppressing severe polarization and enhancing the cycling capacity retention from 39 % to 78 % after 300 cycles for the 4.8 V-class LRLO. This key electrolyte strategy with comprehensive analysis, provides new insights into addressing nucleophilic challenge for high-energy anionic redox related cathode systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baodan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China (Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory), Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Haitang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Haiming Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications, Institute of Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, P. R. China
| | - Yilong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Shiyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Kang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Gang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- Bavarian Center for Battery Technology (BayBatt), Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Yeguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China (Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory), Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China (Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory), Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Gang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dong T, Zhang S, Ren Z, Huang L, Xu G, Liu T, Wang S, Cui G. Electrolyte Engineering Toward High Performance High Nickel (Ni ≥ 80%) Lithium-Ion Batteries. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2305753. [PMID: 38044323 PMCID: PMC10870087 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
High nickel (Ni ≥ 80%) lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high specific energy are one of the most important technical routes to resolve the growing endurance anxieties. However, because of their extremely aggressive chemistries, high-Ni (Ni ≥ 80%) LIBs suffer from poor cycle life and safety performance, which hinder their large-scale commercial applications. Among varied strategies, electrolyte engineering is very powerful to simultaneously enhance the cycle life and safety of high-Ni (Ni ≥ 80%) LIBs. In this review, the pivotal challenges faced by high-Ni oxide cathodes and conventional LiPF6 -carbonate-based electrolytes are comprehensively summarized. Then, the functional additives design guidelines for LiPF6 -carbonate -based electrolytes and the design principles of high voltage resistance/high safety novel electrolytes are systematically elaborated to resolve these pivotal challenges. Moreover, the proposed thermal runaway mechanisms of high-Ni (Ni ≥ 80%) LIBs are also reviewed to provide useful perspectives for the design of high-safety electrolytes. Finally, the potential research directions of electrolyte engineering toward high-performance high-Ni (Ni ≥ 80%) LIBs are provided. This review will have an important impact on electrolyte innovation as well as the commercial evolution of high-Ni (Ni ≥ 80%) LIBs, and also will be significant to breakthrough the energy density ceiling of LIBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Dong
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdao266101China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdao266101China
| | - Shenghang Zhang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdao266101China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdao266101China
| | - Zhongqin Ren
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdao266101China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdao266101China
| | - Lang Huang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdao266101China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdao266101China
| | - Gaojie Xu
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdao266101China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdao266101China
| | - Tao Liu
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdao266101China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdao266101China
| | - Shitao Wang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdao266101China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdao266101China
| | - Guanglei Cui
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao266101China
- Shandong Energy InstituteQingdao266101China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong LaboratoryQingdao266101China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma J, Liu T, Ma J, Zhang C, Yang J. Progress, Challenge, and Prospect of LiMnO 2 : An Adventure toward High-Energy and Low-Cost Li-Ion Batteries. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2304938. [PMID: 37964412 PMCID: PMC10787094 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Lithium manganese oxides are considered as promising cathodes for lithium-ion batteries due to their low cost and available resources. Layered LiMnO2 with orthorhombic or monoclinic structure has attracted tremendous interest thanks to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity (285 mAh g-1 ) that almost doubles that of commercialized spinel LiMn2 O4 (148 mAh g-1 ). However, LiMnO2 undergoes phase transition to spinel upon cycling cause by the Jahn-Teller effect of the high-spin Mn3+ . In addition, soluble Mn2+ generates from the disproportionation of Mn3+ and oxygen release during electrochemical processes may cause poor cycle performance. To address the critical issues, tremendous efforts have been made. This paper provides a general review of layered LiMnO2 materials including their crystal structures, synthesis methods, structural/elemental modifications, and electrochemical performance. In brief, first the crystal structures of LiMnO2 and synthetic methods have been summarized. Subsequently, modification strategies for improving electrochemical performance are comprehensively reviewed, including element doping to suppress its phase transition, surface coating to resist manganese dissolution into the electrolyte and impede surface reactions, designing LiMnO2 composites to improve electronic conductivity and Li+ diffusion, and finding compatible electrolytes to enhance safety. At last, future efforts on the research frontier and practical application of LiMnO2 have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ma
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jinhu Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Y, Zhu Y, Zuo W, Kuai X, Yao J, Zhang B, Sun Z, Yin J, Wu X, Zhang H, Yan Y, Huang H, Zheng L, Xu J, Yin W, Qiu Y, Zhang Q, Hwang I, Sun CJ, Amine K, Xu GL, Qiao Y, Sun SG. Implanting Transition Metal into Li 2 O-Based Cathode Prelithiation Agent for High-Energy-Density and Long-Life Li-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202316112. [PMID: 38088222 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Compensating the irreversible loss of limited active lithium (Li) is essentially important for improving the energy-density and cycle-life of practical Li-ion battery full-cell, especially after employing high-capacity but low initial coulombic efficiency anode candidates. Introducing prelithiation agent can provide additional Li source for such compensation. Herein, we precisely implant trace Co (extracted from transition metal oxide) into the Li site of Li2 O, obtaining (Li0.66 Co0.11 □0.23 )2 O (CLO) cathode prelithiation agent. The synergistic formation of Li vacancies and Co-derived catalysis efficiently enhance the inherent conductivity and weaken the Li-O interaction of Li2 O, which facilitates its anionic oxidation to peroxo/superoxo species and gaseous O2 , achieving 1642.7 mAh/g~Li2O prelithiation capacity (≈980 mAh/g for prelithiation agent). Coupled 6.5 wt % CLO-based prelithiation agent with LiCoO2 cathode, substantial additional Li source stored within CLO is efficiently released to compensate the Li consumption on the SiO/C anode, achieving 270 Wh/kg pouch-type full-cell with 92 % capacity retention after 1000 cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yuanlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Zuo
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Kuai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China, Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory), Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Junyi Yao
- Department of Chemistr, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Baodan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zhefei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Haitang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Huan Huang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Juping Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, China
| | - Yongfu Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Qiaobao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Inhui Hwang
- X-ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Cheng-Jun Sun
- X-ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Gui-Liang Xu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Yu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Energy Materials of China, Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory), Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Gang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cui Z, Guo Z, Manthiram A. Irreparable Interphase Chemistry Degradation Induced by Temperature Pulse in Lithium-Ion Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313437. [PMID: 37931064 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
While it is widely recognized that the operating temperature significantly affects the energy density and cycle life of lithium-ion batteries, the consequence of electrode-electrolyte interphase chemistry to sudden environmental temperature changes remains inadequately understood. Here, we systematically investigate the effects of a temperature pulse (T pulse) on the electrochemical performance of LiNi0.8 Mn0.1 Co0.1 O2 (NMC811) pouch full cells. By utilizing advanced characterization tools, such as time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry, we reveal that the T pulse can lead to an irreversible degradation of cathode-electrolyte interphase chemistry and architecture. Despite negligible immediate impacts on the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on graphite anode, aggregated cathode-to-anode chemical crossover gradually degrades the SEI by catalyzing electrolyte reduction decomposition and inducing metallic dead Li formation because of insufficient cathode passivation after the T pulse. Consequently, pouch cells subjected to the T pulse show an inferior cycle stability to those free of the T pulse. This work unveils the effects of sudden temperature changes on the interphase chemistry and cell performance, emphasizing the importance of a proper temperature management in assessing performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Cui
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Zezhou Guo
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Arumugam Manthiram
- Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Long J, Han T, Lin X, Zhu Y, Liu J. A foldable self-healing rocking chair zinc-ion battery using a three-dimensional zinc metal-free anode. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13739-13742. [PMID: 37909380 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04360f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
We developed H2Ti5O11·xH2O on carbon cloth (HTO·xH2O/CC) as a binder-free Zn metal-free anode. This 'rocking chair' battery incorporated a ZnMn2O4/CC cathode, HTO·xH2O/CC anode, and a polyacrylamide-based electrolyte, and exhibited satisfactory flexibility and self-healing. It displayed recoverable capacities after four repetitions of cutting and healing, indicating a potential using as a foldable and wearable battery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Long
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China.
| | - Tianli Han
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China.
| | - Xirong Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano-electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yajun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China.
- Institute of Energy, HEFEI Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China
| | - Jinyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Energy Vehicle Battery Energy-Storage Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|