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Li Y, Ren J, Liu S, Zhao B, Liang Z, Jee MH, Qin H, Su W, Woo HY, Gao C. Tailoring the Molecular Planarity of Perylene Diimide-Based Third Component toward Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells. Small 2024:e2401176. [PMID: 38529741 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Incorporating a third component into binary organic solar cells (b-OSCs) has provided a potential platform to boost power conversion efficiency (PCEs). However, gaining control over the non-equilibrium blend morphology via the molecular design of the perylene diimide (PDI)-based third component toward efficient ternary organic solar cells (t-OSCs) still remains challenging. Herein, two novel PDI derivatives are developed with tailored molecular planarity, namely ufBTz-2PDI and fBTz-2PDI, as the third component for t-OSCs. Notably, after performing a cyclization reaction, the twisted ufBTz-2PDI with an amorphous character transferred to the highly planar fBTz-2PDI followed by a semi-crystalline character. When incorporating the semi-crystalline fBTz-2PDI into the D18:L8-BO system, the resultant t-OSC achieved an impressive PCE of 18.56%, surpassing the 17.88% attained in b-OSCs. In comparison, the addition of amorphous ufBTz-2PDI into the binary system facilitates additional charge trap sites and results in a deteriorative PCE of 14.37%. Additionally, The third component fBTz-2PDI possesses a good generality in optimizing the PCEs of several b-OSCs systems are demonstrated. The results not only provided a novel A-DA'D-A motif for further designing efficient third component but also demonstrated the crucial role of modulated crystallinity of the PDI-based third component in optimizing PCEs of t-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China
| | - Baofeng Zhao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China
| | - Zezhou Liang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi, Key Lab of Photonic Technique for Information School of Electronics Science & Engineering Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Min Hun Jee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongmei Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Wenyan Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chao Gao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China
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Zhou L, Yu H, Zhang J, Qiu D, Fu Y, Yi J, Xie L, Li X, Meng L, Zhang J, Lu X, Wei Z, Li Y, Yan H. Tailoring the Position of Ester Group on N-Alkyl Chains of Benzotriazole-based Small Molecule Acceptors for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319635. [PMID: 38242849 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Side chain engineering plays a vital role in exploring high-performance small molecule acceptors (SMAs) for organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, we designed and synthesized a series of A-DA'D-A type SMAs by introducing different N-substituted alkyl and ester alkyl side chains on benzotriazole (BZ) central unit and aimed to investigate the effect of different ester substitution positions on photovoltaic performances. All the new SMAs with ester groups exhibit lower the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels and more blue-shifted absorption, but relatively higher absorption coefficients than alkyl chain counterpart. After blending with the donor PM6, the ester side chain-based devices demonstrate enhanced charge mobility, reduced amorphous intermixing domain size and long-lived charge transfer state compared to the alkyl chain counterpart, which are beneficial to achieve higher short-circuit current density (Jsc ) and fill factor (FF), simultaneously. Thereinto, the PM6 : BZ-E31 based device achieves a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.33 %, which is the highest PCE among the OSCs based on the SMAs with BZ-core. Our work demonstrated the strategy of ester substituted side chain is a feasible and effective approach to develop more efficient SMAs for OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dingding Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuang Fu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jicheng Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Lan Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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Tu L, Wang J, Wu Z, Li J, Yang W, Liu B, Wu S, Xia X, Wang Y, Woo HY, Shi Y. Cyano-Functionalized Pyrazine: A Structurally Simple and Easily Accessible Electron-Deficient Building Block for n-Type Organic Thermoelectric Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319658. [PMID: 38265195 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Developing low-cost and high-performance n-type polymer semiconductors is essential to accelerate the application of organic thermoelectrics (OTEs). To achieve this objective, it is critical to design strong electron-deficient building blocks with simple structure and easy synthesis, which are essential for the development of n-type polymer semiconductors. Herein, we synthesized two cyano-functionalized highly electron-deficient building blocks, namely 3,6-dibromopyrazine-2-carbonitrile (CNPz) and 3,6-Dibromopyrazine-2,5-dicarbonitrile (DCNPz), which feature simple structures and facile synthesis. CNPz and DCNPz can be obtained via only one-step reaction and three-step reactions from cheap raw materials, respectively. Based on CNPz and DCNPz, two acceptor-acceptor (A-A) polymers, P(DPP-CNPz) and P(DPP-DCNPz) are successfully developed, featuring deep-positioned lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels, which are beneficial to n-type organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) and OTEs performance. An optimal unipolar electron mobility of 0.85 and 1.85 cm2 V-1 s-1 is obtained for P(DPP-CNPz) and P(DPP-DCNPz), respectively. When doped with N-DMBI, P(DPP-CNPz) and P(DPP-DCNPz) show high n-type electrical conductivities/power factors of 25.3 S cm-1 /41.4 μW m-1 K-2 , and 33.9 S cm-1 /30.4 μW m-1 K-2 , respectively. Hence, the cyano-functionalized pyrazine CNPz and DCNPz represent a new class of structurally simple, low-cost and readily accessible electron-deficient building block for constructing n-type polymer semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Tu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, No.189, Jiuhua South Road, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Korea
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Wanli Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, No.189, Jiuhua South Road, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Xiaomin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, No.189, Jiuhua South Road, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Yimei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Korea
| | - Yongqiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, No.189, Jiuhua South Road, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
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Shi J, Sun K, Chen Z, Qiu Y, Liu H, Ma W, Liu Q, Ge Z. The Influence of Donor/Acceptor Interfaces on Organic Solar Cells Efficiency and Stability Revealed through Theoretical Calculations and Morphology Characterizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318360. [PMID: 38189578 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
End-groups halogenation strategies, generally refers to fluorination and chlorination, have been confirmed as simple and efficient methods to regulate the photoelectric performance of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), but a controversy over which one is better has existed for a long time. Here, two novel NFAs, C9N3-4F and C9N3-4Cl, featured with different end-groups were successfully synthesized and blended with two renowned donors, D18 and PM6, featured with different electron-withdrawing units. Detailed theoretical calculations and morphology characterizations of the interface structures indicate NFAs based on different end-groups possess different binding energy and miscibility with donors, which shows an obvious influence on phase-separation morphology, charge transport behavior and device performance. After verified by other three pairs of reported NFAs, a universal conclusion obtained as the devices based on D18 with fluorination-end-groups-based NFAs and PM6 with chlorination-end-groups-based NFAs generally show excellent efficiencies, high fill factors and stability. Finally, the devices based on D18: C9N3-4F and PM6: C9N3-4Cl yield outstanding efficiency of 18.53 % and 18.00 %, respectively. Suitably selecting donor and regulating donor/acceptor interface can accurately present the photoelectric conversion ability of a novel NFAs, which points out the way for further molecular design and selection for high-performance and stable organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kexuan Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yi Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Feng W, Chen T, Li Y, Duan T, Jiang X, Zhong C, Zhang Y, Yu J, Lu G, Wan X, Kan B, Chen Y. Binary All-polymer Solar Cells with a Perhalogenated-Thiophene-Based Solid Additive Surpass 18 % Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316698. [PMID: 38169129 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Morphological control of all-polymer blends is quintessential yet challenging in fabricating high-performance organic solar cells. Recently, solid additives (SAs) have been approved to be capable in tuning the morphology of polymer: small-molecule blends improving the performance and stability of devices. Herein, three perhalogenated thiophenes, which are 3,4-dibromo-2,5-diiodothiophene (SA-T1), 2,5-dibromo-3,4-diiodothiophene (SA-T2), and 2,3-dibromo-4,5-diiodothiophene (SA-T3), were adopted as SAs to optimize the performance of all-polymer organic solar cells (APSCs). For the blend of PM6 and PY-IT, benefitting from the intermolecular interactions between perhalogenated thiophenes and polymers, the molecular packing properties could be finely regulated after introducing these SAs. In situ UV/Vis measurement revealed that these SAs could assist morphological character evolution in the all-polymer blend, leading to their optimal morphologies. Compared to the as-cast device of PM6 : PY-IT, all SA-treated binary devices displayed enhanced power conversion efficiencies of 17.4-18.3 % with obviously elevated short-circuit current densities and fill factors. To our knowledge, the PCE of 18.3 % for SA-T1-treated binary ranks the highest among all binary APSCs to date. Meanwhile, the universality of SA-T1 in other all-polymer blends is demonstrated with unanimously improved device performance. This work provide a new pathway in realizing high-performance APSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianqi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Yulu Li
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 400714, Chongqing, China
| | - Tainan Duan
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 400714, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 400714, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Opto-electronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunxin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Jifa Yu
- Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710054, Xi'an, China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710054, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Kan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
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Xin Y, Liu H, Dong X, Xiao Z, Wang R, Gao Y, Zou Y, Kan B, Wan X, Liu Y, Chen Y. Multiarmed Aromatic Ammonium Salts Boost the Efficiency and Stability of Inverted Organic Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3363-3372. [PMID: 38265366 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted much attention because of their outstanding stability, with zinc oxide (ZnO) being commonly used as the electron transport layer (ETL). However, both surface defects and the photocatalytic effect of ZnO could lead to serious photodegradation of acceptor materials. This, in turn, hampers the improvement of the efficiency and stability in OSCs. Herein, we developed a multiarmed aromatic ammonium salt, namely, benzene-1,3,5-triyltrimethanaminium bromide (PhTMABr), for modifying ZnO. This compound possesses mild weak acidity aimed at removing the residual amines present within ZnO film. In addition, the PhTMABr could also passivate surface defects of ZnO through multiple hydrogen-bonding interactions between its terminal amino groups and the oxygen anion of ZnO, leading to a better interface contact, which effectively enhances charge transport. As a result, an efficiency of 18.75% was achieved based on the modified ETL compared to the bare ZnO (PCE = 17.34%). The devices utilizing the modified ZnO retained 87% and 90% of their initial PCE after thermal stress aging at 65 °C for 1500 h and continuous 1-sun illumination with maximum power point (MPP) tracking for 1780 h, respectively. Importantly, the extrapolated T80 lifetime with MPP tracking exceeds 10 000 h. The new class of materials employed in this work to modify the ZnO ETL should pave the way for enhancing the efficiency and stability of OSCs, potentially advancing their commercialization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Xin
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hang Liu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiyue Dong
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zheng Xiao
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rui Wang
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuping Gao
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yu Zou
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bin Kan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Fan B, Gao H, Jen AKY. Biaxially Conjugated Materials for Organic Solar Cells. ACS Nano 2024; 18:136-154. [PMID: 38146694 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) represent one of the most important emerging photovoltaic technologies that can implement solar energy conversion efficiently. The chemical structure of organic semiconductors deployed in the active layer of OSCs plays a critical role in the photovoltaic performance and chemical/physical stability of relevant devices. With the structure innovation of organic semiconductors, especially nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), the performance of OSCs have been promoted rapidly in recent years, with state-of-the-art power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 19.5%. Compared with other photovoltaics like perovskite, the shortcoming of OSCs mainly lies in the high nonradiative recombination loss. However, the photocurrent density is superior in OSCs owing to the easy modulation of the NFA band gap toward the near-infrared region. In these regards, the effort to further boost the PCE of OSCs to achieve a milestone >21% should be devoted to reducing the nonradiative loss while further broadening the absorption band. Developing organic semiconductors with biaxially extended conjugated structures has provided a potential solution to achieve these goals. Herein, we summarize the design rules and performance progress of biaxially extended conjugated materials for OSCs. The descriptions are divided into two major categories, i.e., polymers and NFAs. For p-type polymers, we focus on the biaxial conjugation on some representative building blocks, e.g., polythiophene, triphenylamine, and quinoxaline. Whereas for n-type polymers, some structures with large conjugated planes in the normal direction are presented. We also elaborate on the biaxial conjugation strategies in NFAs with modification site at either the π-core or side-group. The general structure-property relationships are further retrieved within these materials, with focus on the short-wavelength absorption and nonradiative energy loss. Finally, we provide an outlook for the further structure modification strategies of biaxially conjugated materials toward highly efficient, stable, and industry-compatible OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baobing Fan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Huanhuan Gao
- Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- College of New Energy, Xi'an Shiyou University, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710065, China
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Institute of Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 United States
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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